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Macintosh LC family

The Macintosh LC is a family of personal computers designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from 1990 to 1997.

Introduced alongside the Macintosh IIsi and Macintosh Classic as part of a new wave of lower-priced Macintosh computers, the LC offered the same overall performance as the Macintosh II for half the price. Part of Apple's goal was to produce a machine that could be sold to school boards for the same price as an Apple II GS , a machine that was very successful in the education market. Not long after the Apple IIe Card was introduced for the LC, Apple officially announced the retirement of the II GS, as the company wanted to focus its sales and marketing efforts on the LC.

The original Macintosh LC was introduced on October 1990, with updates in the form of the LC II and LC III in 1992 and early 1993. These early models all shared the same pizza box form factor, and were joined by the Macintosh LC 500 series of all-in-one desktop machines in mid-1993. A total of twelve different LC models were produced by the company, the last of which, the Power Macintosh 5300 LC, was on sale until early 1997.

Overview
After Apple co-founder Steve Jobs left Apple in 1985, product development was handed to Jean-Louis Gassée, formerly manager of Apple France. Gassée consistently pushed the Apple product line in two directions, towards more "openness" in terms of expandability and interoperability, and towards higher price. Gassée long argued that Apple should not market their computers towards the low end of the market, where profits were thin, but instead concentrate on the high end and higher profit margins. He illustrated the concept using a graph showing the price/performance ratio of computers with low-power, low-cost machines in the lower left and high-power high-cost machines in the upper right. The "high-right" goal became a mantra among the upper management, who said "fifty-five or die", referring to Gassée's goal of a 55 percent profit margin.

This policy led to a series of ever more expensive computers. This was in spite of strenuous objections within the company, and when a group at Claris started a low-end Mac project called "Drama", Gassée actively killed it. Elsewhere at the company, two engineers, H.L. Cheung and Paul Baker, had been working in secret on a pet project, a color Macintosh prototype they called "Spin". The idea was to produce a low-cost system in the vein of the Apple II, a product that Cheung had previously worked on at Apple as the head of design. The machine would, in effect, be a significantly smaller Macintosh II with built-in video, no NuBus expansion, and a matching RGB monitor similar to the one introduced with the Apple IIGS the year prior. The project changed direction during development, with executives dictating that the machine should have video capabilities and processing power similar to the Macintosh IIci, which was also under development at the time. In early 1989, the prototype was shown Apple executives, who liked the project but felt it was not different enough from existing models to justify further effort, and the project was shut down.

Around the same time, Apple CEO John Sculley was facing public scrutiny for declining sales that was blamed in large part on the company's lack of an inexpensive Macintosh computer. Amidst promises to the press and investors that a new low-cost Macintosh was on the way, he revived the Spin project with the goal of creating the lowest-priced Macintosh that was possible. Gassée pleaded with the team to keep color as a feature of the project, and from then on the product was known internally by a new code name, "Elsie", a homonym for the "LC" (i.e. low-cost color) name the computer would later be sold as. Elsie prototypes at this point resembled an Apple IIc where the keyboard was integrated into the unit, and it had a single 800 KB floppy drive with no hard drive. The team ended up with a problem — the machine was cheap, but it wasn't a good computer, especially because the 68000 CPU was not powerful enough to display color graphics with acceptable performance.

By April 1989, it was decided to split the project into three computers—the Macintosh IIsi, which would have the more powerful 68030 CPU; the Macintosh Classic, which would use a black & white display, and the LC, which would use the 68020 CPU from the Macintosh II.

To keep the price down, Apple cut some corners on performance and features, and redesigned components to be less expensive. For example, the external floppy connector that was included on the IIsi and Classic was excluded from the LC, as it would save a couple of dollars for the connector. The integrated keyboard had also been dropped by this point; it was replaced with a newly designed keyboard called the Apple Keyboard II.

Market
The Macintosh LC was introduced to the market alongside the Macintosh Classic (a repackaging of the older Macintosh Plus) and the Macintosh IIsi (a new entry-level machine for the Macintosh II series). Due to pent-up demand for a low-cost color Macintosh, the LC was a strong seller, and in 1992, the original Macintosh LC was succeeded by the LC II. The updated machine replaced the LC's Motorola 68020 processor with a 68030 and increased the soldered memory to 4 MB to make it more suitable for System 7. However, it retained the original LC's 16-bit system bus and 10 MB RAM limit (if 4 MB SIMMs was used, the extra 2 MB of RAM would be inaccessible), making its performance roughly the same as the earlier model. The main benefit of the 030 processor in the LC II was the ability to use System 7's virtual memory feature. In spite of this, the new model sold even better than the LC.

In early 1993, Apple introduced the LC III, which used a 25 MHz version of the 68030 and had a higher memory limit of 36 MB, instead of the 10 MB of the LC and LC II. The LC III spawned a whole series of LC models, most of which later were sold both with the LC name to the education world and to consumers via traditional Apple dealers, and as Performa to the consumer market via electronics stores, and department stores such as Sears. (For example, the LC 475 was also known as the Performa 475.) The last official "LC" was the Power Macintosh 5300/100 LC, which was released in August 1995 and discontinued in April 1996. The LC 580 was notable for being the last desktop 680x0-based Macintosh.

Expansion to all-in-one market
In mid-1993, Apple introduced the Macintosh LC 520, which combined the traditional all-in-one form factor popularized by the compact Macintosh family, with the technology platform of the LC III. It became Apple's mainstream education-market Macintosh, featuring a built-in 14" CRT display, CD-ROM drive, and stereo speakers. The case is similar to the recently-introduced Macintosh Color Classic, but considerably larger and heavier due to its larger screen and a bulging midsection to house the larger electronics.

Four LC 500-series models were released over the next two years, the 520, 550, 575, and 580, with the 520 and 550 both using different speeds of the Motorola 68030, and the 575 and 580 sharing the 33 MHz Motorola 68LC040 processor but differing on the rest of the hardware. All of these computers were also sold to the consumer market through department stores under the Macintosh Performa brand, with similar model numbers. The LC models, in particular, became very popular in schools for their small footprint, lack of cable clutter, and durability. Apple also released the Macintosh TV, a variant of the LC/Performa 520 that, while not branded as an LC, uses a black-coloured version of the LC 520's case, a logic board similar to the LC 550 and a TV tuner card. The compact Color Classic series shares many components, and is able to swap logic boards, with the early 500 series machines.

The Power Macintosh 5200 LC was introduced in April 1995 with a PowerPC 603 CPU at 75 MHz as a PowerPC-based replacement of the LC 500 series. In August, the Power Macintosh 5300 LC was released which kept the same motherboard design but included a more powerful PowerPC 603e CPU, as well as a "Director's Edition" with similar design and features to the Macintosh TV. Unlike previous education models, which prepended the model number with "LC", the 5200 / 5300 models use the Power Macintosh designation of Apple's main workstation line of the time, with "LC" appended to the end.

The 5300 LC is the final model branded as an "LC" and was on sale until early 1997. Its replacement was the Power Macintosh 5500, which continued the practice of building education-specific models but without distinctive branding (except for the UK-only Power Macintosh ONE/225). The company did not produce another education model with its own brand name until the eMac in 2002.

title: Macintosh LC family


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Palo Duro Canyon

Palo Duro Canyon is a canyon system of the Caprock Escarpment located in the Texas Panhandle near the cities of Amarillo and Canyon. As one of the largest canyons in the United States, it is roughly 25-40 mi long and has an average width of 6 mi, but reaches a width of 20 mi at places. Its depth is around 800 ft, but in some locations, valley bottom to surrounding hills increases to 1000 ft. Palo Duro Canyon (from the Spanish meaning "hard stick") has been named "The Grand Canyon of Texas" both for its size and for its dramatic geological features, including the multicolored layers of rock and steep mesa walls, which are similar to those in the Grand Canyon. It is part of Palo Duro Canyon State Park. The State Park had 442,242 visitors in 2022.

Geology
The canyon was formed by the Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River, which initially winds along the level surface of the Llano Estacado of West Texas, then suddenly and dramatically runs off the Caprock Escarpment. Water erosion over the millennia has shaped the canyon's geological formations.

Notable canyon formations include caves and hoodoos. One of the best-known and the major signature feature of the canyon is the Lighthouse Rock. A multiple-use, 6 mi round-trip loop trail is dedicated to the formation.

Palo Duro Canyon was downcut by the Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River during the Pleistocene, when the whole region was uplifted. Most of the strata visible in the canyon were deposited during the Permian and Triassic periods. From oldest to youngest, and each separated by an unconformity, the formations are:

The Quartermaster Formation is Permian in age, and forms the red, lower slopes of the Canyon. This layer was deposited in a near-shore shallow-marine environment consisting of siltstones and shales with ripple marks and cross bedding, that alternated with dry tidal flats indicated by satin spar gypsum and halite cast evaporite deposits. The red color indicates periods of oxidation. The Quartermaster Formation forms the lower wall and canyon floor, averaging 60 ft in thickness where it outcrops. In particular, this alternating red and white formation forms the steep and gullied lower portion of the north flank of Timber Mesa, with the maroon and lavender smooth slopes of the Tecovas Shale above.

The Tecovas Formation is a part of the Dockum Group with the Trujillo Formation. This multicolored Triassic unit consists of shale, siltstone, and sandstone. Deposited in streams and swamps, its colors indicate varying oxidizing conditions, and the alternating dry/wet cycles typical of such environments. These rocks are fossiliferous, containing the remains of phytosaurs, amphibians, and fish, including Metoposaurus, Desmatosuchus, Koskinonodon, and lungfish, besides coprolites and the petrified wood remains of Araucarioxylon. Septarian calcite concretions and calcite geodes are numerous, and the shale forms the less steep canyon walls covered by talus slopes. A prominent band of jointed white sandstone about 15 ft thick marks the middle of this 200 ft formation. Lavender, gray and white shales lie below this sandstone, while an orange shale lies between this sandstone and the Trujillo Formation above. The Quartermaster and Tecovas Formations make up Capital Peak. Likewise, the lower third of Triassic Peak is composed of the deeply furrowed Quartermaster Formation, overlain by the gentle slopes and smooth surface of the Tecovas Formation shales, all capped by the weather-resistant Trujillo Formation sandstone. Large blocks of this sandstone, due to mass wasting, are found along the flanks and base of the peak.

The Trujillo Formation is a Triassic formation that is harder than the underlying Tecovas and forms many of the Canyon's ledges. Composed of coarse sandstone, river cross-bedding indicates deposition in a stream environment. Fossils are rare. The sandstone has alternating layers of shale and marl-pebble conglomerate. The formation is massively bedded sandstone, making a distinct contact with the underlying Tecovas Formation, forming cliffs, prominent benches and mesas within the canyon. The formation includes a basal, middle, and upper sandstone members, separated by shales. The middle sandstone member forms conspicuous ledges and cliffs. Phytosaur and Koskinonodon remains, plus leaf imprints and mineralized wood have been found within the formation. Erosion-resistant sandstones protect pedestals of underlying shale, giving rise to hoodoos, including the Lighthouse, and the hoodoo at the south end of Capitol Peak. Likewise, the Rock Garden is composed of Trujillo sandstone boulders.

The Ogallala Formation is a late Miocene to early Pliocene unit which forms the cliffs and ledges at the very top of the canyon. It is composed of sandstone, siltstone, and conglomerate eroded from a late Cenozoic uplift of the Rocky Mountains, and is separated from the lower Trujillo Formation by a disconformity, representing a long hiatus. The coarse, porous sedimentary units of the Ogallala Formation constitute the Ogallala Aquifer, which has historically functioned as a major source of drinking water for much of the High Plains. Fossils of saber-toothed cats (Smilodon), bone-crushing dogs (Borophagus), mastodons, horses, long-necked camels (Aepycamelus), rhinoceroses, and large tortoises up to 3 feet in length, are present in the Ogallala. The siltstone and sandstone have been cemented by silica, which gives rise to the occurrence of common opal and almost-chert pockets. The upper portion of the formation has thick deposits of caliche, very evident at the Coronado Lodge on the northwest rim of the canyon. Fortress Cliff, on the eastern rim of the canyon, has a spectacular exposure of the Ogallala Formation.

Headward erosion by the Prairie Dog Town fork of the Red River, into the caprock escarpment of the Llano Estacado, caused differential erosion. This meant the more resistant Ogallala and Trujillo formations formed the steeper walls of the canyon.

History
The first evidence of human habitation of the canyon dates back about 10,000–15,000 years, and it is believed to have been continuously inhabited to the present day. Native Americans were attracted to the water of the Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River, as well as the consequent ample game, edible plants, and protection from the weather the canyon provided.

The first European explorers to discover the canyon were members of the Coronado expedition, who visited the canyon in 1541. Apache Indians lived in Palo Duro at the time, but they were later displaced by Comanche and Kiowa tribes, who had the advantage of owning horses brought over by the Spanish. The Mescalero Apache refer to the canyon as Nił'e'agutel or "canyon in the plains." They had contact with traders, called Comancheros, in nearby New Mexico.

A United States military team under Captain Randolph B. Marcy mapped the canyon in 1852 during their search for the headwaters of the Red River. The land remained under American Indian control until a military expedition led by Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie was sent in 1874 to remove the Indians to reservations in Oklahoma. The Mackenzie expedition captured about 1,200 of the Indians' horses and slaughtered them in nearby Tule Canyon during the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon. The Comanche and Kiowa conceded and left the area.

Soon after, in 1876, Charles Goodnight and a wealthy Ulster Scot named John Adair established the JA Ranch in Palo Duro Canyon. Col. Goodnight helped manage the ranch until 1890. Over the next half century, the canyon remained in private hands but was an increasingly popular tourist spot for residents.

Charles N. Gould made a geologic map of the canyon and named the formations in 1905.

In 1931, a major landowner signed a two-year contract with the local chamber of commerce to allow public access to the canyon. The upper section of the canyon was purchased by the State of Texas in 1934 and turned into the 20000 acre Palo Duro Canyon State Park. Amarillo is the largest city near Palo Duro Canyon State Park, but the smaller city of Canyon is nearer. In 1976, Palo Duro Canyon State Park was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.

Seven units of the Civilian Conservation Corps developed the park from 1933 until 1937. Four groups of veterans, two groups of African Americans, and one junior group took part in various construction projects, starting with the construction of Park Road 5, a two-lane road from the rim to the floor of the canyon. Other projects included the headquarters building, culverts, low-water crossings, bridges, Spring House, Well House, the Coronado Lodge interpretive center, 4 overnight cabins known as Cow Camp, and the 3 rim cabins. In addition, picnic and camping areas were built, complete with tables, seats, fireplaces, and garbage receptacles.

Tourism and activities
Palo Duro Canyon is part of the Texas State Parks system under Texas Parks and Wildlife. Day entry into the park is covered by the Texas Parks Pass.

Palo Duro Canyon hosts several activities throughout the park. There are 16 trails for hiking, biking, and horseback riding, ranging in length from .05 miles to 4.4 miles. There are options for camping, with sites for tents with water access and RV campers alike. There are also sites for keeping horses available to campers planning to horseback ride in the canyon. In addition, lodging cabins are available for rent that sit on the outer rim of the canyon, providing an impressive view of both the canyon and the sunrise.

Group sites and spaces are available for group retreats, youth groups, and weddings. The Mack Dick Pavilion is a popular location for weddings and receptions, as the canyon provides a beautiful backdrop.

In culture
The painter Georgia O'Keeffe, who lived in nearby Amarillo and Canyon in the early 20th century, wrote of the Palo Duro: "It is a burning, seething cauldron, filled with dramatic light and color." She made paintings of Palo Duro Canyon between 1916 and 1918, when she was an instructor and head of the art department at West Texas State Normal College.

Palo Duro Canyon is the site of an outdoor historical and musical drama, titled Texas, presented annually each summer by actors, singers, dancers, and artists of the Texas Panhandle region. The spectacle, created by playwright Paul Eliot Green, premiered on July 1, 1966, at the newly constructed Pioneer Amphitheatre in Palo Duro Canyon State Park. It has continued each summer through the present, making Texas "the best-attended outdoor history drama in the nation."

American composer Samuel Jones's Symphony No. 3 is titled "Palo Duro Canyon." It premiered May 1, 1992, in an outdoor performance at the Palo Duro Canyon State Park's Pioneer Amphitheatre, with James Setapen conducting the Amarillo Symphony (which had commissioned the work). The composer writes: "I wanted the piece ... to conjure up an intuitive awareness of the long movements of time required for the creation of a canyon. I also wanted in some way to pay homage to Native Americans, to whom this canyon was a sacred place. And I wanted to capture in music that magical moment which everyone experiences when they first see the flat, treeless High Plains fall dizzyingly away into the colorful vastness of the Palo Duro Canyon itself." A KACV-TV documentary on the canyon, composer, and symphony, titled And There Will Be Sounds, was broadcast on PBS stations nationally later that year; and a commercial recording was subsequently released by the Seattle Symphony under the baton of Gerard Schwarz. A second recording was released in 2018 as part of a multichannel SACD titled 'American Symphonies' on the Swedish BIS label, with Lance Friedel conducting the London Symphony Orchestra.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Palo Duro Canyon


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Iloilo

Iloilo, officially the Province of Iloilo (Kapuoran sang Iloilo; Kapuoran kang Iloilo; Lalawigan sa Iloilo; Lalawigan ng Iloilo; Província de Iloílo),  is a province in the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region. Its capital and largest city is Iloilo City, the regional center of Western Visayas. Iloilo occupies the southeast portion of the Visayan island of Panay and is bordered by the province of Antique to the west, Capiz to the north, the Jintotolo Channel to the northeast, the Guimaras Strait to the east, and the Iloilo Strait and Panay Gulf to the southwest.

Just off Iloilo's southeast coast is the island province of Guimaras, once part of Iloilo but now an independent province. Across Panay Gulf and Guimaras Strait is Negros Occidental, occupying the northwestern half of the larger island of Negros. Iloilo City, its capital, is the center of the Iloilo–Guimaras Metropolitan Area or Metro Iloilo–Guimaras, and is geographically located in the province and grouped under it by the Philippine Statistics Authority, but remains politically independent from the provincial government. According to the 2020 census, the population of the province (excluding Iloilo City) is 2,051,899. If Iloilo City is included, the population is 2,509,525 in total.

Iloilo is known for its rich history and cultural heritage. It is home to many Spanish-era historic sites, including the Miag-ao Church, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Philippines. The province is also home to several other prominent structures, including the San Joaquin Campo Santo, San Joaquin Church, and Santa Barbara Church, all recognized as National Cultural Treasures by the National Museum of the Philippines.

The province offers diverse attractions, from well-preserved colonial structures in the south to pristine beaches and islands in the north, namely the Bantigue Sand Bar, the Tangke Lagoon, Cabugao Island, and Antonia Island, all part of the Islas de Gigantes. Additionally, Sicogon Island, situated south of the group of islands, has gained popularity as a luxury tourist destination.

Etymology
The name of the province is derived from Iloilo City, which in turn is derived from the older name "Ilong-ilong" (Philippine Spanish: Ilong̃-ílong̃) meaning "nose-like", in English referring to the promontory between two rivers (Iloilo and Batiano) where the Fort San Pedro and the 17th-century Spanish port were located.

Early history
No pre-Hispanic written accounts of Iloilo and Panay island exist today. Oral tradition, in the form of recited epics like the Hinilawod, has survived to a small degree. A few recordings of these epic poems exist. The most notable are the works of noted Filipino Anthropologist Felipe Jocano.

While no current archaeological evidence exist describing pre-Hispanic Iloilo, an original work by Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro published in 1907 called Maragtas details the alleged accounts of the founding of the various pre-Hispanic polities on Panay Island. The book is based on oral and written accounts available to the author at the time. The author made no claim on the historical accuracy of the accounts.

According to Maragtas, Madja-as was founded after ten datus fled Borneo and landed on Panay Island. The book then goes on to detail their subsequent purchase of the coastal lands in which they settled from the native Ati people.

Datu Paiburong, one of the ten fleeing datus, established a settlement and named it Irong-Irong after an islet of the same name on the Batiano River.

Spanish colonial era
Spain eventually succeeded on conquering of the island of Panay when Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi moved his headquarters from the island of Cebu and creating the first Spanish settlement in the island in Ogtong in 1566. This is mainly due in part to the rivalries between the Bisaya and the Moro, of which the former found an ally in Spanish against the latter. The Bisayas accepted alliances with Spain, to defend themselves against the enslaving Moros. To this end, Iloilo contributed troops in the Castille War against the Sultanate of Brunei.

In 1581, the encomienda in Ogtong was moved to La Villa Rica de Arevalo, because of frequent coastal raids by the Dutch privateers. Furthermore, an attack in the year 1600 (Part of the Spanish–Moro conflict) where there was a large Muslim armada to destroy Iloilo City, led by two Moros named Sirungan and Salikala who lead the Muslim force of 70 ships and 4,000 warriors that had raided and attacked several Visayan islands in order to abduct slaves to sell to their allies in the Sultanate of Demak and the Sultanate of Malacca, eventually caused the move of the city center further on to the mouth of the Irong-Irong river founding what is now Iloilo City and constructing Fort San Pedro to defend it in 1616.

Nevertheless, when the 4,000 Moros led by Sirungan and Salikala tried to attack Iloilo City they were repulsed with heavy losses in the town of Arevalo by a force of 1,000 Hiligaynon warriors and 70 Mexican arquebusiers under the command of Juan García de Sierra, the Spanish officer who died in the battle. The Spanish Christianized the area. Soon, the area itself began to prosper, due to its successful textile and sugar industry. As a result, it received Chinese immigrants from the west (that worked for its trades) and Latinos from the ports of Mexico in the east (to man its military installations). The Jesuits soon built a school for Spanish and Visayan boys in Tigbauan, Iloilo. Later in the 1700s, Iloilo was home to 166 Spanish Filipino families and 29,723 native families.

American invasion era
During the American colonial period, Iloilo became a home to many firsts: including the first department stores and cinema theaters in the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

Japanese occupation era
Iloilo experienced severe devastation during the events of World War II. The Japanese built "comfort stations" in Iloilo in 1942, where they imprisoned Filipino "comfort women" who they routinely gang-raped, brutalized, and murdered for entertainment. Nevertheless, during the Japanese occupation, Macario Peralta Jr., freed most of Panay (with little exceptions) from Japanese Imperialism, thus other allied guerillas in other provinces from Romblon, Palawan, Marinduque and portions of Masbate and Mindoro, considered majority liberated Panay Island, the "Primus inter pares" in their alliance network.

Philippine independence
Iloilo became a province of the newly fledged Republic of the Philippines when the archipelago gained independence from the United States on July 4, 1946.

Geography
The province covers a total area of 5,000.83 km2 occupying the central and eastern section of Panay island in the Western Visayas region. If Iloilo City is included for geographical purposes, Iloilo has an area of 5079.17 km2. The province is bordered by the province of Antique to the west, Capiz to the north, the Jintotolo Channel to the northeast, the Visayan Sea and Guimaras Strait to the east, and the Iloilo Strait and Panay Gulf to the southwest.

The province is divided into two distinct geographic regions; the highlands of the Central Panay Mountain Range on the western border and the lowland plains which account for a larger portion of the province. Small islands east of its northernmost tip also dot the Visayan Sea - of these, Pan de Azucar and Sicogon are well-known. Mount Baloy is the highest mountain in Iloilo with an elevation of 6424 ft above sea level, located on the triple border of Iloilo, Capiz, and Antique. Other peaks are Mount Llorente 4,409 ft. (1,344m), Mount Sansanan 4,219 ft. (1,286m), Mount Napulak 4,095 ft. (1,248 m), Mount Balabag 3,728 ft. (1,136m).

Expansive fishponds and mangrove wetlands are found along the coasts and rivers of Iloilo City and the towns of Oton, Leganes, Zarraga, Dumangas, Anilao, Banate, Barotac Viejo, Barotac Nuevo, Ajuy, Balasan and Carles.

Topography
List of peaks in Iloilo by elevation:
 * Mount Baloy
 * Mount Inaman
 * Mount Igdalig
 * Mount Tiran

Rivers
List of rivers in Iloilo by length:

 * Jalaur River
 * Tigum River
 * Lamunan River
 * Ulian River (Laglag)
 * Suage River
 * Aganan River
 * Sibalom River, Tigbauan
 * Jar-ao River, Guimbal
 * Asisig River
 * Alawihaw River
 * Tangyan River
 * Balantian River
 * Barotac Viejo River
 * Sara River
 * Siuaragan River
 * Barotac Nuevo River
 * Lawigan River
 * Cata-an River
 * Banate River
 * Tiolas River
 * Tumagbok River
 * Oyungan River
 * Iloilo River

Administrative divisions
The Province of Iloilo consists of 42 municipalities and two cities (one component and one highly urbanized).

Provincial capital and highly urbanized city

Component city

Municipality

Demographics
The population of Iloilo in the 2020 census was 2,051,899 people, with a density of undefined PD/km2. If the highly urbanized city of Iloilo is included for statistical purposes, the province's total population is 2,509,525 people, with a density of.

People from Iloilo are called Ilonggos. There are three local languages used in the province: Hiligaynon (Ilonggo), Kinaray-a and Capiznon. Hiligaynon and dialects/variants of it are spoken in Iloilo City and in some towns of the province, especially to the northeast. Tagalog and English are widely used as administrative, educational, and commercial languages.

Language

Hiligaynon is concentrated in the city of Iloilo and surrounding areas, as well as the northeastern portion of the province, Guimaras and the Negros Island (especially in Negros Occidental and to a lesser extent in Negros Oriental), as well as the provinces of South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, and North Cotabato in Soccsksargen, Mindanao. It is also spoken in the neighboring provinces, such as Capiz, Antique, Aklan, Masbate, Palawan and Romblon as well as in some parts of Maguindanao. It is also spoken as a second language by Cebuano speakers in Negros Oriental, Kinaray-a speakers in Antique, Aklanon/Malaynon speakers in Aklan, and Capiznon speakers in Capiz.

The language is referred to as Ilonggo in Iloilo and Negros Occidental. More precisely, Ilonggo is an ethno-linguistic group referring to the people living in southeastern Panay and its associated culture. The boundaries of the language called Ilonggo and that called Hiligaynon are unclear. The disagreement of which name is correct extends to Philippine language specialists and native laypeople.

Religion
Iloilo is a Roman Catholic-predominated province comprising about 87% of the population. Independent Catholic and Protestant churches also exist such as members of Iglesia Filipina Independiente or Aglipayan Church, Baptists, Presbyterians, Methodists, Adventists, and other Evangelical Christians; There are also non-Protestant and other Christian sects such as Iglesia Ni Cristo, Church of Christ of Latter day Saints (Mormons) and Jehovah's Witnesses while non-Christians are usually represented by Muslims, and to a lesser extent, Buddhists and Hindus.

Economy
Iloilo's vibrant economy can be attributed to the combination of good political will and the collective cooperation of the Ilonggos. This fruitful collaboration has resulted in an "economic boom" that has generated thousands of jobs and propelled the province to become one of the most competitive in the country.

Iloilo City, as the economic center, offers a diverse range of industries and services. It serves as a hub for real estate, accommodation, medical centers, education, shopping centers, business centers, and IT/BPO centers, among others. The city's dynamic and multifaceted economy contributes significantly to the overall growth and development of the province.

The northern part of Iloilo thrives on a strong fishing industry and a flourishing tourism sector. Its proximity to the Visayan Sea has made it a leading area for fisheries in the nation. The region's natural beauty and tourist attractions have bolstered its tourism industry, attracting visitors to its pristine beaches and marine reserves. Additionally, the central part of the province serves as an agri-industrial center, producing a wide array of agricultural products such as corn, rice, bananas, pineapples, sugar, and high-end crops in areas like Bucari in Leon and the highlands of Alimodian. These areas also offer inland resorts and trekking sites, providing additional avenues for tourism and recreation.

The sugar industry, centered in Passi City and neighboring towns like Lambunao, Duenas, San Enrique, and Bingawan, contributes significantly to the local economy. Southern Iloilo's economy revolves largely around tourism, thanks to its century-old churches, colonial buildings, and beautiful beaches and marine reserves found in towns like Guimbal, Miagao, and San Joaquin.

Government
The government of Iloilo was established in 1566 when the Spanish settled a colonial center in Ogtong (now Oton). Control was later shifted to La Villa Rica de Arevalo (now Arevalo, Iloilo City) in 1581, which also served as the seat of the Spanish Government overseeing vast territories encompassing Iloilo, Capiz, Aklan, Antique, and surrounding islands such as Negros, Guimaras, Cuyo, Palawan, Caluya, Romblon, and Boracay. Over time, these territories gained independence. By 1616, the seat of government was transferred to La Punta, now known as Iloilo City Proper. This relocation marked a significant increase in colonial power, and the city's economy boomed, making it the largest in the Philippines after Manila during the Spanish period until the American period. The Governor of Iloilo serves as the local chief executive of the province, with the official office located at the Iloilo Provincial Capitol. Historically, the governor, along with the alcalde-mayor and presidente municipal, held office at the Casa Real de Iloilo from 1869 until 2006, when the larger capitol building adjacent to it was completed.
 * Governor: Arthur R. Defensor, Jr.
 * Vice Governor: Christine S. Garin

Provincial board members
1st District:
 * Marcelo Valentine S. Serag
 * Jo Ann B. Germinanda

2nd District:
 * June S. Mondejar
 * Rolito S. Cajilig

3rd District:
 * Matt P. Palabrica
 * Jason R. Gonzales

4th District:
 * Domingo B. Oso, Jr.
 * Rolando B. Distura

5th District:
 * Binky April M. Tupas
 * Carol-V Espinosa-Diaz

Ex-officio Board Members:
 * PCL President: Ramon G. Sullano
 * LNB President: Amalia Victoria F. Debuque
 * PPSK President: Esara Aldeguer Javier

District Representatives

 * 1st District: Janette L. Garin
 * 2nd District: Michael B. Gorriceta
 * 3rd District: Lorenz R. Defensor
 * 4th District: Ferjenel G. Biron
 * 5th District: Raul "Boboy" C. Tupas

Culture
The old buildings in downtown Iloilo showcase the influence of Spanish architecture, reflecting the historical presence of the Spaniards in the region. However, even before the arrival of the Mexicans, Spaniards, and other Europeans, Iloilo had already established trade relations with ancient Indonesians, Malaysians and Vietnamese, Indian, Arab, Chinese, Korean and Japanese merchants. The Spanish government encouraged foreign merchants to trade in Iloilo, although they were not granted land ownership privileges. Over time, intermarriage between foreign merchants, Spaniards, and the locals led to the emergence of the Mestizo class, who eventually became the ruling class of the Ilonggos, known as the Principalía.

Iloilo is also home to two of the nation's cultural minorities: the Sulod-Bukidnon and the Ati. These indigenous groups contribute to the cultural diversity of the province and add to its vibrant tapestry of traditions and customs.

Festivals

Iloilo is dubbed as the "Festival Capital of the Philippines" with various renowned festivals in the country celebrated in the province. The Dinagyang Festival is the most popular and largest festival in Iloilo, held every January in honor of the Santo Niño in Iloilo City. It features elaborate street dancing, vibrant costumes, and a festive atmosphere that attracts both locals and tourists. The Kasadyahan Festival, which is celebrated during the Dinagyang, is a competition among cultural festivals from different parts of Iloilo and Western Visayas. The Paraw Regatta Festival is another significant event, celebrating the traditional sailboats known as paraws. This festival includes boat races, cultural presentations, and various activities showcasing the maritime culture of Iloilo. Jaro Fiesta, held every February, is a religious and cultural celebration in honor of the Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria (Our Lady of Candles), featuring processions, a grand fair, and traditional performances. The Pintados de Pasi is a cultural festival honors the tribal tradition of body painting known as pintados in Passi City.

Every municipality, barangay, and district in the province and city of Iloilo, has its own cultural, social, and religious festivals. Many of these festivals hold religious significance, honoring deities, saints, or important religious events. Others commemorate historical milestones such as independence days, national holidays, or significant local happenings. Some festivals focus on social bonding, bringing people together and fostering a strong sense of community.

Cuisine

Its capital city, Iloilo City has been recognized as a UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy. It is renowned for its distinctive and flavorful cuisine including La Paz Batchoy, a hearty noodle soup with pork innards, liver, and crunchy chicharon. Pancit Molo, a dumpling soup named after the Molo district, features wonton-style dumplings in a savory broth. Iloilo is also known for its Biscocho, a type of toasted bread topped with butter and sugar, and Barquillos, thin rolled wafers that are delightfully crispy. Seafood is abundant, and dishes like Grilled Talaba (oysters) and Kinilaw (raw fish marinated in vinegar and spices) are local favorites. Another local item is siopao, a steamed bun with a variety of fillings. Tinuom, a native dish of Cabatuan, is made up of native chickens seasoned with onions, tomatoes and lemon grass (tanglad) wrapped in banana leaves. Baye baye, a well-known local dish of Pavia, made from grated young coconut mixed with either newly harvested rice (pinipig) or corn and shaped into patties.

Heritage sites

As a leading province during the Spanish Colonial Era, the province of Iloilo is widely known for its beautiful old world architecture similar to that of Latin American Countries. Spanish colonial Churches are amongst the well-known tourist sites in the province. Among its many attractions, the Spanish colonial churches including the Miag-ao Church, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, features an Aztec-Baroque inspired design with intricate Filipino botanicals carved into its façade. The Gothic-Renaissance Molo Church was used as a watchtower and is known for its classical and gothic details, often referred to as the 'feminist church' due to the female saints lining its interior. Jaro Cathedral boasts a Neo-Romanesque style with a distinctive bell tower located across a busy street from the church. Cabatuan Church, the largest red brick structure in the Visayas, is celebrated for its Neoclassic design and three facades. San Jose Church in front of Plaza Libertad is considered the most historic in Iloilo City, known for its Byzantine-Neoclassic architecture and collection of priceless Catholic treasures. Plaza Libertad is the historic plaza where the flag of the first Philippine Republic was raised after Spain surrendered Iloilo to revolutionary forces on December 25, 1898.

The San Joaquin Church features a large pediment with a sculptural relief of the Spanish victory in the Battle of Tetuan, making it a National Cultural Treasure along with San Joaquin Campo Santo, a Roman Catholic cemetery with a Spanish Baroque mortuary chapel. Passi City Church is a fortress church with massive buttresses built to replace earlier structures destroyed by natural disasters. The Casa Real de Iloilo, a National Historical Site, served as the capitol when the civil government of Iloilo was founded in 1901. Santa Barbara Church, known as the "Cradle of Independence" in Panay and the Visayas, was the site of General Martin Delgado's junta leading to the first Cry of Revolution against the Spaniards outside Luzon. The Calle Real Heritage District houses numerous old colonial buildings, including the Eusebio Villanueva Building, formerly known as the International Hotel. The Iloilo Golf and Country Club, the oldest golf course in Southeast Asia, was established in the 1850s by British Vice Consul Nicholas Loney, known as the "Father of the Philippine Sugar Industry."

Natural attractions
The province also boasts a variety of natural attractions including Bucari, situated in the highlands of Leon, is known as the "Summer Capital of Iloilo" due to its cool climate and highland attractions. Bulabog Putian National Park, a protected rainforest area within San Enrique and Dingle, features diverse flora and fauna, and over 30 caves, making it a popular eco-tourism destination in the province. The Islas de Gigantes, known for island-hopping adventures, is an island group off the shores of Carles renowned for its white sand beaches, emerald-like shores and lagoons, and rock formations. Cabugao Gamay is the most popular island in the archipelago, features two white sand beaches that forms like a sandbar connecting two islets. Sicogon Island, another island in Carles south of the Islas de Gigantes, is a resort island developed by Ayala Land, Inc..

Iloilo International Airport
The airport serves the Province of Iloilo, including its capital city, Iloilo City, the regional center of the Western Visayas region in the Philippines. It opened its doors to commercial traffic on June 14, 2007, after a decade of planning and construction located at Cabatuan, Iloilo, replacing Mandurriao Airport in Mandurriao, Iloilo City and inherited its IATA and ICAO airport codes from its predecessor. The fourth-busiest airport in the Philippines, it is the first airport in both Western Visayas and the island of Panay to be built to international standards, and one of the four airports in the region planned to be an international gateway. It is one of two international airports in Western Visayas, the others being Kalibo International Airport.

Sicogon Airport
The airport serves tourists to the island of Sicogon in Carles, Iloilo. The airport has been redeveloped and opened in 2018. Charter flights to and from Sicogon to Manila and vice versa took place in late 2018. It is located in Barangay San Fernando on the island.

Iloilo Port Complex
The Port of Iloilo, considered the leader of trade and a commercial hub for Western Visayas is also one of the safest natural seaports in the Philippines. The Iloilo Commercial Port Complex is located on 20.8 hectares of reclaimed land. It includes 11,400 sq. meters of open space for operations, supplemented by an area of 97,000 sq. meters, a crane, rails of 348 lineal meters; roll-on-roll-off support; a 7,800 container freight stations; and a 720 sq. meter passenger shed. The port complex is ideal for ships plying international routes having a berth length of 400 meters, a width of 26.26 meters and a berthing depth of 10.50 meters.

A number of shipping companies use the Port of Iloilo, including Lorenzo Shipping Corporation, 2GO, Amigo Shipping Company, New Panay Shipping Company, Sulpicio Lines, and Trans-Asia Shipping Lines Inc. Fast ferries serve Iloilo-Bacolod routes eight times daily. 2GO inter-island, overnight ferries serve longer routes, going to Manila, Bacolod, Cebu, Zamboanga and Cagayan de Oro City. Pumpboat ferries cross the Iloilo Strait to Guimaras constantly during the day and on special trips at night.

Roll-on/roll-off ferry service, known as RO-RO, is available between Iloilo City and Guimaras, but the ro-ro to Negros is available from Dumangas, Iloilo including ro-ro from Iloilo to Palawan.

It is ranked third in terms of ship calls at 11,853, fourth in cargo throughout at 491,719 million metric tons and fourth in passenger traffic at 2.4 million annually.

Accessibility
Iloilo is one of the most accessible provinces in the Philippines. Iloilo can be reached by plane on regular commercial international flights from Hong Kong and Singapore to the Iloilo International Airport. Direct domestic flights connect Iloilo to other major cities in the Philippines including Manila, Cebu, Davao, General Santos, Puerto Princesa, Zamboanga and Cagayan de Oro. Direct ferry routes and roll-on roll-off connections on the Philippines’ nautical highway are also available between Iloilo and all other major cities in the country.

By plane, travel time to the Iloilo takes around 1 hour from Manila, 30 minutes from Cebu, 2 hours and 30 minutes from Hong Kong, and 3 hours and 30 minutes from Singapore. By direct ferry, Iloilo is approximately 1.5 hours away from Bacolod, and 15 minutes away from Guimaras. By land, Iloilo is around 4–5 hours away from Boracay, 3 hours away from Kalibo, and 2 hours away from Roxas City.

Iloilo transportation gateways
Iloilo International Airport – The Iloilo International Airport is the primary gateway to Iloilo. It serves regularly scheduled direct domestic flights to Iloilo from major Philippine airlines including Manila, Cebu, Davao, General Santos, Puerto Princesa, and Cagayan de Oro. The airport also serves international flights from Iloilo to Hong Kong and Singapore. Flights to Iloilo are served by Cebu Pacific, Philippine Airlines, PAL Express, and TigerAir. The Iloilo Airport is located approximately 19 kilometers or 20 minutes away by taxi from Iloilo City.

Iloilo Seaports – Ferries in Iloilo depart and arrive at various seaports in Iloilo City and Iloilo Province depending on the route and vessel type. (1) Ferry terminals along the Iloilo River in Lapuz district, Iloilo City serves fastcraft ferries to and from Bacolod, RORO ferries to and from Guimaras, and ferries to and from Palawan. (2) The Iloilo Domestic Port in Fort San Pedro, Iloilo City Proper, serves shipping companies with routes to and from Manila, Cebu, Cagayan de Oro, and Zamboanga.

Universities and colleges
The province of Iloilo, including the city of Iloilo, is the center of education in the Western Visayas region. It has one of the largest numbers of universities in the country, with a total of ten major universities.

Universities:

 * Central Philippine University, Jaro, Iloilo City
 * Iloilo Science and Technology University, La Paz, Iloilo City (with branch campuses in Barotac Nuevo, Leon and Miag-ao)
 * Iloilo State University of Science and Technology, Barotac Nuevo (with branch campuses in Dingle, Dumangas, and San Enrique)
 * John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University, Molo, Iloilo City (with branch campus in Arevalo, Iloilo City)
 * Northern Iloilo State University, Estancia (with branch campuses in Ajuy, Barotac Viejo, Batad, Concepcion, Lemery, and Sara)
 * St. Paul University Iloilo, Iloilo City Proper
 * University of Iloilo, Iloilo City Proper
 * University of San Agustin, Iloilo City Proper (with branch campus in Jaro, Iloilo City)
 * University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo City Proper and Miag-ao (Main Campus)
 * West Visayas State University, La Paz, Iloilo City (with branch campuses in Calinog, Janiuay, Lambunao/CAF, Lambunao/East, and Pototan)

Colleges:

 * ABBA Institute of Technology, Iloilo City Proper
 * ACSI College Iloilo, Iloilo City Proper
 * ABE International Business College (Iloilo campus), Iloilo City Proper
 * AMA Computer College (Iloilo campus), Iloilo City Proper
 * Asian College of Aeronautics, Jaro, Iloilo City
 * Cabalum Western College, Iloilo City Proper
 * Colegio de San Jose, Jaro, Iloilo City
 * Colegio del Sagrado Corazon de Jesus, Iloilo City Proper
 * Computer College of the Visayas, Iloilo City Proper
 * De Paul College, Jaro, Iloilo City
 * Dominican College of Iloilo, Zarraga
 * FAST Aviation Academy Inc. Iloilo, Jaro, Iloilo City
 * Gov. Angel Medina Foundation College, Passi City
 * Great Saviour College, La Paz, Iloilo City
 * Hua Siong College of Iloilo, Iloilo City Proper
 * Iloilo City Community College, Molo, Iloilo City
 * Iloilo Doctors' College, Molo, Iloilo City
 * Iloilo Doctors' College of Medicine, Molo, Iloilo City
 * Iloilo State College of Fisheries, Barotac Nuevo
 * Iloilo Technical College, Iloilo City Proper
 * Integrated Midwives Association of the Philippines Foundation School of Midwifery, La Paz, Iloilo City
 * Interface Computer College (Iloilo campus), Iloilo City Proper
 * Leon Ganzon Polythechnic College, Balasan
 * New Lucena Polytechnic College, New Lucena
 * Passi City College, Passi City
 * Philippine College of Aeronautics, Science and Technology, Jaro, Iloilo City
 * St. Anne College of Iloilo, Mandurriao, Iloilo City
 * St. Therese – MTC colleges, Molo, Iloilo City (with branch campuses in La Paz, Iloilo City and Tigbauan)
 * St. Vincent College of Science and Technology, Leganes
 * St. Vincent Ferrer Seminary, Jaro, Iloilo City
 * STI College (Iloilo campus), Iloilo City Proper
 * St. Vincent College of Business and Accountancy, Pototan
 * Santa Isabel College of Iloilo City, Mandurriao, Iloilo City
 * Western Institute of Technology, La Paz, Iloilo City

Special Schools:
 * SPED-Integrated School for Exceptional Children, Iloilo City Proper

Sports
Iloilo is home to two professional sports teams. Kaya F.C.–Iloilo competes in the Philippines Football League (PFL), the highest tier of Philippine football. The club relocated to the province in 2018. Kaya has won 2 PFL titles, 3 Copa Paulino Alcantara, and 1 UFL Cup. Kaya has also competed in the AFC Champions League and the AFC Cup. The Iloilo United Royals compete in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League, joining as an expansion team in the 2019–20 season.

Media
Iloilo City is home to regional television stations of GMA Network (GMA TV6 & GMA News TV 28), TV5 (UHF 36 & AksyonTV 46), Solar channels (9TV TV-4) ETC UHF 32 & 2nd Avenue UHF 24), IBC (VHF 12), (BEAM UHF 26) and ABS-CBN (ABS-CBN TV10, ABS-CBN Sports+Action (UHF 38)).

title: Iloilo


text:
Talk:Fenghuang

Peabody Essex Museum Edit-a-thon Spring 2014
(1 image added) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cathypem (talk • contribs) 15:02, 6 May 2014 (UTC)

Further Development
Ok. The Pheonix has specific connotations that lead a person to believe in the fire-rebirth myth. This is not the case in this bird as there appears to be no means of rebirth for it at all! I am completely unfamiliar with this legend and I am hesitant to mention it in the main article for fear I might put something more misleading.

Please include the differences between it and the Western world's interpretation of Phoenix, and also AznMaster, please elaborate a bit on the rest of the legend as it would greatly help the context of the legend/mysthology. I love that stuff. Duemellon 14:12, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The Fenghuang is often confused with one of the "Four Celestial Animals" comprising the Black Turtle (North), Red Phoenix (South), Green Dragon (East), and White Tiger (West). All of these animals are immortal, no rebirth required. To read more about the Four Celestial Animals click here. (!Mi luchador nombre es amoladora de la carne y traigo el dolor! 22:47, 3 July 2006 (UTC))

 * I would like to see a citation for the "Appearance" section. tyger 19:23, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

Conflict?
The article states that phoenixes which appear with combs date from the Ming dynasty or later. Yet that statement is right next to a picture of a Song-dynasty vase with (surprise) a comb. Can anyone account for the discrepancy? If no, we should probably remove the text assertion, since (sourced or no) it's plainly contradicted by other information on the page. (oops JSoules (talk) 06:16, 27 June 2008 (UTC))
 * Sorry, six years later now, and the conflict between text and image remains (!). I have carefully read the reference, and what Patricia Welch says there is pretty clearly in contradiction to the visual evidence given in the article.  So I double checked the image, and it seems pretty clearly to be a Song Dynasty representation (had to figure out the French image description for that, but no worries).  So something is not adding up: either the photographer got his details wrong (not very likely, I don't think) or Ms. Welch is saying things which are not entirely accurate (which seems more likely, though still doubtful-- surely her publisher had her work fact-checked... surely?) or there is another twist of which I am not certain.  I have attempted to reword the end of the paragraph so that it at least doesn't directly contradict the evidence in the image, but I would rather have someone who knows tell us for sure.  Or, as you say, remove either the text or the image until further clarity can be reached.   KDS 4444  Talk  14:27, 23 July 2014 (UTC)

 * JSoules, I just got an email from Patricia Welsh, the source from the statement about combs and the Ming Dynasty, responding the apparent conflict in chronology. She said she would look into the matter and get back to me with a reference if she could find it, and that until then the sentence should probably be removed (which I have now done).  She also suggested that it is possible the pottery item is actually a rooster and not a phoenix, but that this might be difficult to ascertain as it has been designated a phoenix at the museum where it resides.  KDS 4444  Talk  01:29, 2 August 2014 (UTC)

 * KDS4444, hey, thanks for following up on this! Been a long while since I logged in... Did Patricia Welsh ever look into it further? JSoules (talk) 19:03, 20 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Hey, JSoules! Blast from the past!  Wow!  You know what?  I got a response from Ms. Welsh!  She acknowledged the apparent discrepancy, and wrote this: "For now, let's remove the Ming reference and I'll continue to search for the original source for the reference, and do some research on my end and see what I come up with. We could also re-label the picture to something like "commonly identified as a phoenix head, but perhaps also a rooster" but that might confuse more than help readers... your call."  I thanked her for responding and said I would look forward to a follow-up, but none ever came.  I could try to contact her once again— what do you think?  KDS4444 (talk) 00:36, 21 December 2016 (UTC)

Pheonix As Chickens
Can anyone cite the source that chicken are called pheonix in prayer and ceremonies? Because from personal experience in China, nobody calls chicken pheonixes. Is there perhaps a certain part of the country that does this? I'll be taking down the phrase for the time being Spyco 05:09, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

"...chicken are called pheonix in prayer and ceremonies?"

 * Where did you read this? I couldn't find it on the page anywhere. The only mention of Chicken is that of the Fenghuang's alternate name, Hunji or Kunji, meaning "August Rooster." Click here for a very small chinese dictionary description. (!Mi luchador nombre es amoladora de la carne y traigo el dolor! 22:40, 3 July 2006 (UTC))

I ment I deleted that phrase. I speak Chinese, so I know they don't call it that. If anyone can cite the source or part/dialect of china/chinese where this comes from, please return the phrase and add the source. Dion 07:20, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

Harry Potter?
Dumblebore in the Harry Potter series has a pet phoenix named Fawkes - If I recall correctly, that's a Western phoenix, no? If no one objects, I'll remove that Nik42 08:41, 9 August 2006 (UTC)
 * All of the info ranging from Power Rangers to Harry Potter should be moved to an actual Phoenix page. The Chinese and western phoenix are two completely different things!!! I'm glad you brought that to our attention. If you don't do it soon, I'll do it myself. (!Mi luchador nombre es amoladora de la carne y traigo el dolor! 15:15, 9 August 2006 (UTC))
 * I suspected as much for the others, but the Harry Potter one was the only one I was sure of. I'm moving them now to the Phoenix (mythology) page. Nik42 17:38, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Fenghuang Village (Hunan Province)
Fenghuang is also the name of a very popular Miao (ethnic minority) tourist village in west Hunan province below Wuling Shan. Perhaps a notation should be made, and hopefully eventually a seperate page for Fenhuang village —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

External Link Selections
That first link seems to have little (if any) relevance to the Chinese Pheonix; it's mostly concerned with how the Bible can be interpreted with regards to *dragons*. If the link is to be saved, then it should be included on a different page. 65.81.140.11 22:28, 25 February 2007 (UTC)Pica

Conflict - 5 colors but 4 virtues?
Their feathers were of the five fundamental colors: black, white, red, green, and yellow. These colors are said to represent the Confucian virtues of: loyalty, honesty, decorum, and justice.

They have 5 colors, but why does the represented virtues are only 4 ? --Rochelimit (talk) 18:45, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

Hō-ō bird and Japanese mythology
This talk page has been dead for six or seven years, but what the heck: it looks like the Japanese equivalent animal for the fenghuang is call the hō-ō (written in identical kanji characters) and that the ho-o shares many (but not all?) of the characteristics (mythologically) as the fenghuang; it also appears that the Koreans also have such a bird called a bulsanjo, but I could find out very little about this myth. I don't think we should have redirects from "Japanese phoenix" or "Korean phoenix" that point to "Chinese phoenix", as this badly conflates Asian history and culture, but I am not at all certain that enough material (in English) exists to create stand-alone articles on the other types of Asian phoenix (also: is there no Vietnamese version?  Lao version?  Tibetan version?  'Cause I expect there is...). I am also not at all sure that this article should end up being retitled "Asian phoenix", for the reasons I just mentioned about conflation. Does anyone have any thoughts on this or on how we might parse the different Asian cultural associations and meanings? KDS 4444 Talk  02:41, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Okaaaaaay, on second glance it looks like the Japanese Wikipedia itself describes the ho-o as a Chinese bird, not as a Japanese one. Maybe the Chinese is the overarching version of the animal after all (?).  KDS 4444  Talk  03:02, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
 * The creature originates in China, which is why it is referred to as the "Chinese phoenix." It's Japanese, Korean, and other counterparts are all cultural imports to those countries. Osarusan (talk) 11:46, 23 July 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 15:03, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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Modern usage
In the "Modern Usage" section, would it be appropriate to put the Korean President at the top of the list, since that usage (symbol for head of state) is the closest to the historical usage (symbol for Emperor's consort)? All other usages are merely references/borrowings from the historical usage. 101.112.254.244 (talk) 05:22, 3 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I retract some of my previous comment. However, I have been WP:BOLD and made changes to reflect government usage of the phoenix in Japan and Korea. 101.112.254.244 (talk) 11:27, 3 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fenghuang