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Disapproval voting

Disapproval voting is any electoral system that allows many voters to express formal disapproval simultaneously, in a system where they all share some power. Unlike most electoral systems, it requires that only negative measures or choices be presented to the voter or representative. If used to select candidates for an office, or for continuation to a next round of voting or play, it is either single- or multi-winner, as everyone who is not disapproved of is in effect a winner, for that round.

A referendum or a recall election may be said to be minimal forms of disapproval voting. However, usually only one measure or candidate is presented to be disapproved of. True disapproval voting would require more than two choices or representatives, and would ask voters to disavow one or more.

Voting against
There are a variety of interpretations of the meaning of a negative vote. The term is sometimes used for allowing a voter to reject the entire field of candidates; it can also mean that the only option offered voters is to vote against one or more candidates, but it is sometimes used for systems that allow a voter to choose whether to vote for or against a candidate.

The psychology of vetoing, protesting, excluding individuals or options, or removing an incumbent, triggers a very different cognitive bias and mode of risk aversion on the part of voters, legislators, or board members - thus it is an over-simplification to think of disapproval as simply 'negative approval'. Similar asymmetries apply in economics, where they are studied in behavioral finance, and in social sciences and ethics, as the expression of tolerances versus preferences, e.g. as in opinion polls.

The well-known lifeboat game is often portrayed in fiction as having a disapproval voting form, with the poor individual who is most disapproved of being tossed overboard.

General-purpose methods of disapproval voting, e.g. for use in general elections as an electoral reform, have been proposed and discussed by political scientists, but there is little literature on the subject. Most discussion of the issue is concentrated in the theory of consensus decision making, where small numbers of members disapproving of a measure have disproportionate power to block it.

Also, there has been an explosion of application of disapproval voting electoral systems in the reality game show, as noted below. Most people are familiar with the concept only from these shows.

Disapproval expression in other electoral systems
Six regions of Russia and several other countries of the region allow voters to vote "against all" candidates. In Canada, one can appear at a polling station and Refused ballot; although this does not count as a vote, refused ballots are tallied separately from spoiled ballots and no-shows.

Any electoral system permits some expression of disapproval, but these are necessarily confused with expressions of choice or approval, leading some to conclude that separating these expressions is best:

After the U.S. presidential election, 2000, some commentators suggested that the ability to approve of a candidate, but disapprove of his or her party affiliation or elements of his or her platform, might be quite important, and that satisfaction of citizens with the political system might well depend on such an electoral reform.

A group of members of the United States Green Party, calling itself "Greens for Gore", made explicit the fact that they were voting for Gore but supported not the platform of the Democratic Party which nominated him, but that of their own Green Party, which they called on Gore to implement. This is an example of disapproval voting on an informal level, where voters found a way to approve of the candidate, while disapproving of party and platform – and of his key opponent, George W. Bush.

The Soviet Union experimented with a form of disapproval voting for multi-winner elections during the Perestroika, in which voters could cross off the names of candidates they did not approve of, and those with the greatest approval (above a 50% threshold) were elected. Before that, the voting was but a sham: formally a disapproval system with only one name on the ballot, the voters weren't even supposed to enter the booth for striking it out to spoil or write in another candidate but immediately drop the collected ballot into the box (hence, no secret suffrage).

It is also often said that votes for a "protest candidate" or a "compromise candidate" can be viewed as disapproval votes, since the undesirable characteristics of the incumbent or alternative, respectively, can be said to be the voters' main concern. This of course is impossible to determine from the electoral results, as a vote intended to choose that candidate is indistinguishable in most systems from one that was intended to block or disapprove of another.

Arguments for and against
Given the prevalence of disapproval as a tool of government, including the criminal law and diplomatic relations, some see voting less as a positive and voluntary choice of a desirable outcome than as a way to reduce losses.

Other advocates of disapproval voting argue that they simply wish to extend to the citizen the powers that are already ceded to the executive, in terms of structure, e.g. many voters formally disapproving should tell the president when to exercise the veto. This is one of many arguments made for deliberative democracy, and advocated by some in the US, e.g. Ralph Nader.

Detractors of this view of civic life note that the complexity of widespread public consultation and letting the public vote down necessary but unpopular expenditures is contrary to the spirit of a representative democracy, and is an impractical and untrusting measure. In part this is a reaction to the negative view of politics, parties, and platforms inherent in any scheme of disapproval.

Advocating disapproval or approval voting may be seen as taking a position on the tolerances versus preferences problem. Some propose that disapproval is more likely to trigger tolerance ideas of the voter, e.g. as in a poor woman choosing a lifetime mate, while approval is more likely to trigger preferences, e.g. as in shopping. This suggestion, like most advocacy of electoral systems, is controversial as it implies that voters cannot measure both tolerances and preferences for themselves, and come to conclusions that consider both.

Another issue is that expressions of disapproval in many societies, especially in Asia, are taken as anti-social. In the government of China, which is structured more as a bureaucracy than as a democracy, an official who rises a level is ratified by others at the level he is entering – no other candidates are presented but abstention as a protest is not uncommon. Support in this ratification vote of less than 67–80% is taken as a strong disapproval – and most likely ends the rise of that individual at his current level. In any such structure, formal disapproval voting may lead to less honest outcomes, if the peer pressure not to be seen to formally disapprove of anyone is extreme.

Popular use
The best-known examples of the use of disapproval voting are on reality game shows, e.g. Survivor, The Weakest Link, where it is used to eliminate one contestant at a time from the contest, or the variation used on Boot Camp where the eliminated contestant can "take one (other) out with him". (Note: the examples given here are better examples of Coombs' method than disapproval voting as described here).

No-confidence voting
A particular case of disapproval voting is the motion of no confidence. This is a motion of a legislature – rather than a vote of the electorate that elected it – expressing that it disapproves of the current executive, or of certain members of the executive. In the Westminster system, the person or persons who lose a motion of no confidence are normally expected to resign as a matter of constitutional convention, and in the case of an executive a general election normally results, unless a replacement government (typically a new prime minister, who can subsequently appoint a new cabinet) can be approved in a motion of confidence. This process is formalized in the United Kingdom by the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011.

No-confidence voting can only disapprove; it cannot be used to approve of any particular candidates. This decision is left to political discussions among those involved.

The percentage which triggers a successful no-confidence vote can vary widely, from small values (like 20%) which allow minorities (particularly people with experience in the issue being voted) to decide the outcome, up to unanimity.

title: Disapproval voting


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Rider University

Rider University is a private university in Lawrence Township, New Jersey. It consists of four academic units: the Norm Brodsky College of Business, the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the College of Education and Human Services, and Westminster College of the Arts (consisting of the School of Fine and Performing Arts and Westminster Choir College).

History

The school was founded as Trenton Business College on October 1, 1865, by Henry Beadman Bryant and Henry D. Stratton, operators of the Bryant and Stratton chain of private business schools. The school was located in Temperance Hall at the corner of South Broad and Front Streets in Trenton, New Jersey. Andrew J Rider was appointed as its first president. President Rider owned 500 acres of cranberry bogs near Hammonton, New Jersey. According to tradition, this is why the school colors are cranberry and white.

The school grew and periodically moved to larger quarters. In 1896 women were admitted. In 1896 the school was renamed Rider Business College. President Rider stepped down the following year.

In 1920 the institution moved to East State Street in Trenton and officially became known as Rider College. In 1922 the New Jersey Board of Education granted Rider College permission to confer the degrees of Bachelor of Accounts and Bachelor of Commercial Science. In 1957 Rider Business College introduced liberal studies leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree.

In 1959 Rider College moved its campus to a 283-acre suburban tract on Route 206 in Lawrence Township, N.J. On November 15, 1961, President Franklin F. Moore (a 1927 alumnus of the college) announced the gradual reorganization of the college into five separate schools, each headed by a dean who would report to the provost. The changes took effect with the 1962–63 academic year. The five schools included a new School of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Rider College merged with nearby Westminster Choir College (WCC), located in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1991–92. The campus of Westminster became the Princeton campus of Rider College. On April 13, 1994, the college became Rider University. In 2007 President Mordechai Rozanski announced the creation of the School of Fine and Performing Arts to integrate the Lawrenceville and Princeton campuses and expand programming for the arts.

Today, Rider's Lawrenceville campus is home to its College of Business Administration; College of Liberal Arts, Education, and Sciences; College of Continuing Studies, School of Education, and part of the Westminster College of the Arts, which is also located on the Princeton campus.

In 2005 Rider completed its 63000 sqft Student Recreation Center (SRC), a 186-bed residence hall, and three-story additions to Ziegler and Hill Residence Halls. The SRC contains locker rooms, a 3600 sqft fitness room and various athletic facilities.

Rider University's bonds have been rated as junk since 2020. As of 2023, the school has experienced financial difficulties and a loss of a fifth of its student body due to declining enrollment.

Presidents
Rider has had seven presidents:
 * 1) Andrew Jackson Rider (1866–1898)
 * 2) Franklin Benjamin Moore (1898–1934)
 * 3) Franklin Frazee Moore (1934–1969)
 * 4) Frank N. Elliott (1969–1990)
 * 5) J. Barton Luedeke (1990–2003)
 * 6) Mordechai Rozanski (2003–2015)
 * 7) Gregory Dell'Omo (2015–present)

Academics
The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences comprises 13 departments, offering a wide array of more than 70 undergraduate majors and minors. The college also offers master's degrees in Business Administration, Education, and Journalism.

Rankings
U.S. News & World Report ranked Rider University tied for 22nd in the Regional Universities North category in 2016. Forbes ranked Rider University 485th on its "America's Top Colleges" list in 2015.

Campus

The 280 acre Lawrenceville campus is in a suburban area three miles (5 km) north of Trenton and five miles (8 km) south of Princeton. There is a man-made lake with a bridge that allows students to cross easily. The Westminster campus is in Princeton, New Jersey.

Academic buildings

Birenbaum Fisher Hall (College of Education & Human Services), the Science and Technology Center (Sciences & Mathematics), the Fine Arts Center (Westminster College of the Arts & Communication), Joseph P. Vonna Academic Annex (Learning Resource Center), the Canastra Health & Sports Center, Anne Brossman Sweigart Hall (Norm Brodsky College of Business Administration), Lynch Adler Hall (History & Philosophy) contain the classrooms and laboratories for all curricula. Built in 2011, Lynch Adler hall is a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design silver certified, 21250 sqft academic building that stands next to Moore Library.

The Princeton Community Japanese Language School teaches weekend Japanese classes for Japanese citizen children abroad to the standard of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), and it also has classes for people with Japanese as a second language. The main office of the school is in Princeton although the office used on Sundays is in Biernbaum Fisher Hall.

Libraries

The Franklin Moore Library supports the academic programs with a collection of more than 481,000 volumes, 2,000 periodical titles, 650,000 microforms, 134 online databases, electronic access to 42,000 journals, and an audiovisual collection. Westminster Choir College's Talbott Library has specialized music resources including 75,000 books, music scores and periodicals, a choral music reference collection of more than 80,000 titles and more than 31,000 sound and video recordings.

Rider Libraries are the official depository for records created by the New Jersey Business Teachers Association and the Eastern Business Teachers Association. In special collectsion, there is a microfilm collection of Civil War Era diplomatic correspondence between the United States, France. and Great Britain. It also holds a major collection of Delaware Valley newspapers reaching back to the 18th century.

Publications and media

 * The Shadow Yearbook: First published in 1923 two years after the institution officially changed its name to Rider College. The yearbook continues to be published each year by a student staff.
 * The Rider News: The school's student newspaper, founded in 1930, is now published weekly on Wednesdays between September and May.
 * WRRC-FM 107.7 The Bronc : Student-run radio station, founded in 1962.
 * Venture: The literary magazine welcomes submissions from students’ art and literature focusing on any topic
 * The Rider University Network (R.U.N.): The student organization produces television programs in the campus studio. Programs are broadcast on campus and online, founded in 2000.

Student life
Currently on Rider's Lawrenceville Campus, there are more than a dozen Greek organizations. In addition to social Greek organizations, there are professional and honorary fraternities.

On March 30, 2007, 18-year-old student Gary DeVercelly died of alcohol poisoning after heavy drinking at a Phi Kappa Tau fraternity house. The incident was tied to a longstanding hazing tradition involving dangerous quantities of alcohol. Two Rider University officials, including the dean of students, and three students were indicted for aggravated hazing; the charges were dismissed for lack of evidence. Settlement of the civil lawsuit resulted in major policy concessions by the university.

Theater

Westminster College of the Arts has a theater program. Several productions a year give students a variety of opportunities. They are a combination of musicals and straight plays. Professional performing arts facilities include The Yvonne Theater, The Spitz Studio Theater, and Bart Luedeke Arts Center.

Athletics
Athletic teams are nicknamed the Broncs. The school competes in the NCAA Division I Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. As the MAAC is a non-wrestling conference, Rider's wrestling team competes as a member of the Mid-American Conference.

The intercollegiate sports program at Rider was started by coach Clair Bee in the 1920s. Two of the school's most famous athletic alumni are former Notre Dame basketball coach and current ESPN sportscaster Digger Phelps, who played basketball at Rider from 1959 to 1963, and Jason Thompson, who played basketball at Rider from 2004 to 2008 and was drafted by the Sacramento Kings.

The university competed in football until 1951, when the football team was disbanded.

In 2007, the university redesigned its athletic logo.

Notable alumni

 * [[File:RuPaul with All Stars 7 Contestants at LA DragCon 2022 by dvsross (cropped - Monet X Change) (cropped).jpg|thumb|141x141px|Monét X Change, drag queen and winner of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars 4]]In entertainment: Rider graduates include: [[Monét X Change]], drag queen and winner of the fourth season of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars.
 * In business: Rider graduates include: Mike Pulli, CEO of Pace plc; Thomas O'Riordan, former CEO of American Sporting Goods Corporation;, Howard Stoeckel, CEO of Wawa; Kenneth Yen, CEO of China Motor Corporation; Meg Walsh, president of Medscape Consumer; and Chris Catalano, former CEO of School of Rock and past Chairman of Redbox.
 * In government: Rider graduates include: Nathaniel Barnes, Liberian Ambassador to the United Nations; Craig Carpenito, former United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey; Frederick W. Donnelly, former Mayor of Trenton, New Jersey; and Mark S. Schweiker, MA, 44th Governor of Pennsylvania.
 * In sports: Rider graduates include: Florian Valot, professional soccer player for FC Cincinnati; Jack Armstrong, 1990 Major League Baseball all-star and world champion; Al Downing, 1967 MLB All-Star and strikeout champion and 1971 MLB Comeback Player of the Year; Stella Johnson, professional basketball player in WNBA and all-time leading Bronc scorer; Jeff Kunkel, professional baseball player; Caroline Lind, MBA, Olympic Gold Medal rower at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; Digger Phelps, ESPN college basketball analyst and former Notre Dame Fighting Irish basketball coach; Bobby Smith, National Soccer Hall of Fame member; and Jason Thompson, basketball player in the NBA.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rider University


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Rilo Kiley

Rilo Kiley was an American indie rock band  based in Los Angeles, California. Formed in 1998, the band consisted of Jenny Lewis, Blake Sennett, Pierre de Reeder, and Dave Rock.

The group released their debut album Take-Offs and Landings under Seattle-based independent label Barsuk Records in 2001. After that, they released three additional studio albums and several EPs. In 2007, they were signed with Warner Bros., and subsequently made their major-label debut with the album Under the Blacklight.

History
Rilo Kiley performed their first concert at Spaceland in Los Angeles in January 1998. Their debut EP, Rilo Kiley (later reissued as The Initial Friend EP), was released in 1999. The band signed with independent label Barsuk Records for its first full-length album, Take-Offs and Landings, in 2001. The band later signed with Omaha's Saddle Creek Records and released The Execution of All Things in 2002. In 2004, they released More Adventurous on its own imprint, Brute/Beaute Records, which was distributed by major label Warner Bros. Records. The band later signed directly with Warner Bros.

2004 saw a great increase in recognition for the band, as Sennett and Boesel released an album with their band The Elected and Lewis sang backup on The Postal Service's Give Up. Lewis toured with The Postal Service before heading out on two tours in support of Rilo Kiley's More Adventurous in the summer and fall of 2004. The album spent late 2004 high on Billboard's Heatseekers Chart, and was promoted with appearances on Late Night with Conan O'Brien and Jimmy Kimmel Live!. The band opened for Bright Eyes on the international leg of Conor Oberst's tour for 2005's I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning and was the opening act for the North American dates of Coldplay's Twisted Logic Tour in Fall 2005. "I Never" and "Ripchord" (from More Adventurous) have been featured in several feature films, including Must Love Dogs, Conversations with Other Women, and John Tucker Must Die.

The band's fourth album Under the Blacklight was released August 20, 2007 in the United Kingdom and the following day in the United States. Its first single is "The Moneymaker". For the video, the band cast "real-life porn stars", who Lewis says were told they were auditioning for "soft core porn". The second single is "Silver Lining".

On September 6, 2007, the band began a North American tour in support of Under the Blacklight. On this tour, it was joined by Orenda Fink (of Azure Ray) and Kristin Gundred (of Grand Ole Party and Dum Dum Girls).

The group was also known for its charitable contributions, particularly to the Elliott Smith Memorial Fund, in honor of the late singer and friend of the band. Sennett and Lewis participated in a memorial concert for the singer shortly after his death in 2003. In 2007, the band contributed a t-shirt, which was designed by de Reeder for the Yellow Bird Project to benefit the Elliott Smith Memorial Fund.

Hiatus and breakup
In a 2010 interview with Paste, Jason Boesel said the band was taking a break but working on a compilation of unreleased songs. He also said there were no plans to release a new album in the near future.

In an April 2011 interview, Blake Sennett said,"I would say that if Rilo Kiley were ... hmmm ... a human being ... hmmm ... he's probably laying on his back in a morgue with a tag on his toe. Now, I see movies where the dead get up and walk. And when they do that, rarely do good things happen."

In June 2011, when asked about his "corpse" comment and whether Rilo Kiley was indeed dead, Sennett said "I never say never. I loved Rilo Kiley—I loved writing with Jenny. I think she's a great artist and great to write with. I think we're not there yet. Maybe one day we'll dust it off and give it a go; I'd be open to it. I think it was fun—for all of the pitfalls, it was great. I had a great time in Rilo Kiley. I always did."

A month later Sennett told AOL Spinner: "I said, 'Fuck that, I can't do this anymore.' That being said, it was probably immature and that came from a place of ego. I think that stuff will rear its head in anything you do, depending on the personnel you surround yourself with; things change overtime [sic] and people change and relationships change."

In February 2013, the band announced a collection of previously released rarities and unreleased material, titled Rkives, to be released in April 2013 on DeReeder's own label the Little Record Company.

In a 2014 interview with the National Post, Jenny Lewis confirmed the band had officially broken up.

In April 2015, Blake Sennett joined Jenny Lewis and her band on stage at Coachella for a performance of the Rilo Kiley song "Portions for Foxes".

Since embarking on a solo career, Jenny Lewis has enlisted the help of drummer Jason Boesel for percussion on studio recordings. He was also part of Lewis' live band for her 2019 tour.

Television appearances
The apparent first use of Rilo Kiley music on a television show was also the last time that Sennett and Lewis acted on television. In 2000, they played fictionalized versions of themselves on ABC's short-lived drama Once & Again, with the band also performing "The Frug" on the episode. Since then, the band's music has been used multiple times across several television programs.

 * Both "The Frug" and "85" were used during an episode of Dawson's Creek, "Barefoot At Capefest" (S03E46).
 * "Pictures of Success" was used in episode No. 114 of Buffy The Vampire Slayer, entitled "Older and Far Away".
 * "Breakin' Up" was featured in season four of Grey's Anatomy.
 * "Portions For Foxes" was used in the pilot of Grey's Anatomy in 2005. In 2009, the song was used in the seventh episode of season one of Dollhouse, "Echoes". In 2023, the song was used in an episode of Barry, entitled "Tricky legacies".
 * "With Arms Outstretched" was used at the end of the pilot episode of Weeds in 2005. To bring the show full circle, it was the final song played in the series finale in 2012. For a second-season episode of Weeds, Lewis sang the theme song ("Little Boxes") with Johnathan Rice, who was touring with the band.
 * "Silver Lining" was featured in the pilot of Women's Murder Club. The song was also used in the second season of Girls.
 * "The Moneymaker" was used on an episode of Nip/Tuck that aired on December 11, 2007, and on an episode of Samantha Who? that aired on April 16, 2009.
 * "The Good That Won't Come Out" was featured in the background of the Season 4 Episode 4 episode of Heroes "Hysterical Blindness" on 10/12/2009.
 * "A Better Son/Daughter" was featured in the trailer for the Netflix original series Orange is the New Black. It is also featured at the end of Hannah Gadsby's 2018 Netflix special, Nanette.
 * "The Execution Of All Things" was featured in the Six Feet Under episode "Terror Starts at Home" (S04E06).
 * "Go Ahead" was featured throughout the 2013 film Very Good Girls.
 * "Science vs. Romance" was used in season 5 episode 4 of Gilmore Girls, entitled "Tippecanoe And Taylor, Too"

Origin of the band's name
On the syndicated radio show Loveline in August 2005, Sennett explained that he had a dream in which he was being chased by a sports almanac: "when it got me, I leafed through it...and I came upon an Australian rules football player from the 19th century named Rilo Kiley. It's kind of embarrassing." When asked by co-host Drew Pinsky if he had ever seen this name in reality, Sennett said "I don't think so, I don't think that character exists...If you Google 'Rilo Kiley' you just come back with a lot of pictures of us." On how this imaginary name became the name for the band: "I wrote it down on a blotter, an office desk when I woke up, and, I don't know, I came back to it when we were trying to think of a name and we thought we'd use that for one show then change it, 'cause who'd want that name? Who can remember that anyway?"

In 2005, Sennett told the teletext magazine Planet Sound that the name came from a Scottish athlete. On a 2005 episode of the MSNBC entertainment show MSNBC Entertainment Hot List, the female host stated that the name came from "old Scottish sports almanacs". In the interview segment that followed, Sennett stated "We just looked in there and the name of one of the star players from the turn of the century was Rilo Kiley."

In an interview published in Q magazine in September 2007, Sennett stated that Rilo Kiley is named after a character he'd met in a dream who had predicted the date of Jenny Lewis' death.

Band members

 * Final line-up
 * Jenny Lewis – lead vocals, keyboards, rhythm guitar, bass (1998–2013)
 * Blake Sennett – lead guitar, keyboards, backing and occasional lead vocals (1998–2013)
 * Pierre de Reeder – bass, rhythm and lead guitar, backing vocals (1998–2013)
 * Jason Boesel – drums, percussion (2001–2013)

 * Former members
 * Dave Rock – drums, percussion (1998–2001)
 * Mike Bloom – pedal steel, additional guitars (2004–2005)

Discography

 * Take Offs and Landings (2001)
 * The Execution of All Things (2002)
 * More Adventurous (2004)
 * Under the Blacklight (2007)

Videography

 * "The Frug" (1999, directed by Morgan J. Freeman)
 * "Wires and Waves" (2001 unreleased, 2007 released, directed by Morgan J. Freeman)
 * "Bulletproof" (2001, directed by Liam Lynch)
 * "Portions for Foxes" (2004, directed by Brian Lazzaro)
 * "It's a Hit" (2005, directed by Andrew Bruntel, Matt Enlow)
 * "The Moneymaker" (2007, directed by Autumn de Wilde)
 * "Silver Lining" (2007, directed by Autumn de Wilde)
 * "Let Me Back In" (2013, directed by Rilo Kiley)
 * "Emotional" (2013, directed by Austin Nagler)

title: Rilo Kiley


text:
Tondemo-bon

Tondemo (トンデモ) means "outrageous" or "preposterous" + bon (本) "book" in Japanese. Recently the word has gained another meaning thanks to the activity of Togakkai (the Academy of Tondemo books) which annually award Nihon Tondemo-bon Taisho (Japan Tondemo Book Award), which is similar to the Golden Raspberry Award or the Ig Nobel Prize. Tondemo-bon is defined by the academy as "something amusing from a perspective that differs from what the author intends." The award covers not just conspiracy theory or pseudoscience but also includes historical revisionism as well as atheists or scientific sceptics who make rather biased attacks toward the former. The members of Togakkai included religious figures as well as scientists and other academics. In Japan, this genre has superseded similar activities of scientific sceptics.

Some winners of the Nihon Tondemo-bon Taisho (Japan Tondemo Book Award):
 * Ninja, Its Origin and Technique, an ostensibly scholarly exploration of the history of ninja techniques, including the secret magical hand gestures
 * Amazing Science Fiction Weapons, a notoriously poorly researched book detailing the weapons and plots of science fiction series
 * A Final Warning from Mother Earth, a guide to the future based on the knowledge of the ancients of Atlantis and other civilizations

title: Tondemo-bon


text:
1953 Governor General's Awards

In Canada, the 1953 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the seventeenth such awards. The awards in this period had no monetary prize but were an honour for the authors.

Winners

 * Fiction: David Walker, Digby.
 * Poetry or Drama: Douglas LePan, The Net and the Sword.
 * Non-Fiction: N.J. Berrill, Sex and the Nature of Things.
 * Non-Fiction: J.M.S. Careless, Canada, A Story of Challenge.
 * Juvenile: John F. Hayes, Rebels Ride at Night.

title: 1953 Governor General's Awards


text:
1954 Governor General's Awards

In Canada, the 1954 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the eighteenth such awards. The awards in this period had no monetary prize but were an honour for the authors.

Winners

 * Fiction: Igor Gouzenko, The Fall of a Titan.
 * Poetry or Drama: P. K. Page, The Metal and the Flower.
 * Non-Fiction: Hugh MacLennan, Thirty and Three.
 * Non-Fiction: A.R.M. Lower, The Most Famous Stream.
 * Juvenile: Marjorie Wilkins Campbell, The Nor'westers.

title: 1954 Governor General's Awards


text:
Earl Winfield Spencer Jr.

Earl Winfield Spencer Jr. (September 20, 1888 – May 29, 1950) was a U.S. Navy pilot who served as the first commanding officer of Naval Air Station San Diego. He was the first husband of Wallis Simpson, who later married Edward VIII.

Early life and military career
Known as Win, he was born in Kinsley, Kansas, son of Earl Winfield Spencer Sr., a socially prominent Chicago stockbroker, and the former Agnes Lucy Hughes of Jersey. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1910 and in 1917 was sent to San Diego with instructions to set up a permanent naval air station, which was to be used for training exercises, and he became its first commanding officer.

Personal life
Spencer was married five times. Four of his wives were:

 * Bessie Wallis Warfield (1896–1986), only child of Teackle Wallis Warfield, member of a prominent Maryland family; they married in Baltimore on November 8, 1916. Spencer was alleged to be abusive and an alcoholic. After several separations, the Spencers divorced in December 1927. After a second marriage, to Ernest Aldrich Simpson, and a subsequent divorce, Wallis Spencer married the former King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom and became the Duchess of Windsor.
 * Mariam J. Maze (1895–1997) the former wife of Albert Cressey Maze (1891–1943).  She was the former Miriam Ham, daughter of George and Katie Anastasia (née Eagels) Ham of Portland, Oregon.  They married in September 1928 and were divorced in 1936, the same year Spencer was made a Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy by Benito Mussolini. By this marriage he had one stepson, Robert Claude Maze Sr., Major, USMC (killed in action, 1945). Mariam Spencer married, in 1939, as her third husband, Arthur William Radford, Vice Admiral, USN, future Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

 * Norma Reese Johnson (1891–1944), the widow of Homer Sturtevant Johnson, a Detroit manufacturer who died in 1928, and a daughter of Carl Reese, of Detroit, Michigan. Spencer and Johnson were married in Los Angeles, California, on July 4, 1937. By this marriage he had two stepdaughters: Betty L. Johnson, an actress and songwriter (married Balie Peyton Legare Jr. (1908–1984), a jazz musician, whom she divorced in 1942) and Kathryne Johnson (born c. 1912, married Dell Myron Wade Jr). The Spencers' wedding was a double wedding with Betty and Peyton Legare, whose wedding in February 1937 in Tijuana, Mexico, was not valid under California law and needed to be resolemnized. The couple separated on February 9, 1940, and were divorced later that year in Santa Monica, California. Both parties charged cruelty, and Norma declared that her husband was plagued by what The New York Times's announcement of their acrimonious divorce delicately called "habitual intemperance." Time magazine reported, "During a stormy session of accusations and counteraccusations Navyman Spencer, charged with cruelty and habitual intemperance, testified that his weekly liquor bill was only about $10, that his wife 'drank as much of it as I did.'"
 * Lillian Phillips (1892–1981), daughter of Robert A. and Ella Burgess Phillips, whom he married October 2, 1941.

Later life
Commander Spencer died in Coronado, California. He is buried at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery in San Diego, California, with his wife Lillian.

In art, screen portrayals, and literature
He was portrayed by actor Ryan Hayward in W.E., the 2011 British romantic drama film about the love of Wallis and King Edward VIII co-written and directed by Madonna.

title: Earl Winfield Spencer Jr.


text:
1852 in art

Events from the year 1852 in art.

Events

 * February 5 – Hermitage Museum first opens to the public in Saint Petersburg.
 * June 1 – The Hôtel Drouot is inaugurated in Paris as a fine art auction gallery.

Works

 * Théodore Chassériau – Le Harem (approximate date)
 * Frederic Edwin Church - The Natural Bridge, Virginia
 * Gustave Courbet
 * Village Damsels
 * A Girl Spinning
 * Thomas Couture – Anselm Feuerbach
 * Anselm Feuerbach – Hafiz at the Fountain
 * Hiroshige – Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (first publication)
 * William Holman Hunt – Our English Coasts, 1852 ('Strayed Sheep')
 * George Inness – A Bit of the Roman Aqueduct
 * George Jones – Turner's Gallery; the Artist Showing his Work
 * Frederic Leighton – The Death of Brunelleschi
 * John Martin – The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah
 * John Everett Millais
 * A Huguenot
 * Ophelia
 * François Rude – Joan of Arc (marble)
 * John Steell – The Duke of Wellington (equestrian bronze, Edinburgh)
 * Thomas Sully -
 * Pocahontas
 * Frederick August Wenderoth and Charles Christian Nahl – Miners in the Sierras
 * Edwin White -
 * Pocahontas Informing John Smith of a Conspiracy of the Indians

Exhibitions

 * The Society of Arts holds Exhibition of Recent Specimens of Photography, a photographic exhibition in London, the first of its kind.

Publications

 * Edward Lear – Journal of a Landscape Painter in Southern Calabria

Births

 * April 1 – Edwin Austin Abbey, American painter and illustrator (died 1911)
 * April 12 – Petar Ubavkić, Serbian sculptor and painter (died 1910)
 * April 18 – George Clausen, English artist (died 1944)
 * May 18 – Gertrude Käsebier, née Stanton, American portrait photographer (died 1934)
 * July 27 – Edward Onslow Ford, English sculptor (died 1901)
 * September 21 – Edmund Leighton, English historical genre painter (died 1922)

Deaths

 * January 1 – Kapiton Pavlov, Russian portrait painter (born 1791)
 * February 10 – Samuel Prout, English watercolour painter (born 1783)
 * February 24 – John Frazee, first American-born sculptor to execute a bust in marble (born 1790)
 * March 9 - Anson Dickinson, American painter of miniature portraits (born 1779)
 * April 5 – William Cuming, Irish portrait painter (born 1769)
 * May 30 – George Chinnery, English painter working in China (born 1774)
 * June 4 – James Pradier, Swiss-born French sculptor in the neoclassical style (born 1790)
 * June 11 – Karl Briullov, Russian painter who transitioned from the Russian neoclassicism to romanticism (born 1799)
 * July 12 – Pieter Christoffel Wonder, Dutch painter, active in England (born 1780)
 * August 4 – Alfred d'Orsay, French painter, sculptor and patron of the arts (born 1801)
 * August 14 – Eberhard Georg Friedrich von Wächter, German painter (born 1762)
 * September 14 – Augustus Pugin, English architect, illustrator and designer (born 1812)
 * September 20 – William Finden, English engraver (born 1787)
 * September 23 – John Vanderlyn, American painter in the neoclassical style (born 1775)
 * October 17 – Henri Decaisne, Belgian historical and portrait painter (born 1799)
 * October 26 – Johann Erdmann Hummel, German painter (born 1769)
 * October 29 – Étienne-Jules Ramey, French sculptor and teacher (born 1796)
 * December 18 – Horatio Greenough, American sculptor (born 1805)

title: 1852 in art


text:
Hypodermic needle model

The hypodermic needle model (known as the hypodermic-syringe model, transmission-belt model, or magic bullet theory) is claimed to have been a model of communication in which media consumers were "uniformly controlled by their biologically based 'instincts' and that they react more or less uniformly to whatever 'stimuli' came along".

Concept
People were assumed to be "uniformly controlled by their biologically based 'instincts' and that they react more or less uniformly to whatever 'stimuli' came along". The "Magic Bullet" theory graphically assumes that the media's message is a bullet fired from the "media gun" into the viewer's "head". Similarly, the "Hypodermic Needle Model" uses the same idea of the "shooting" paradigm. It suggests that the media injects its messages straight into the passive audience. This passive audience is immediately affected by these messages. The public essentially cannot escape from the media's influence, and is therefore considered a "sitting duck". Both models suggest that the public is vulnerable to the messages shot at them because of the limited communication tools and the studies of the media's effects on the masses at the time. It means the media explores information in such a way that it injects in the mind of audiences as bullets.

Though the "magic bullet" and "hypodermic needle" models are often credited to Harold Lasswell's 1927 book, Propaganda Technique in the World War, neither term appear in his writing. Rather, Lasswell argued that the rise of political movements across Europe was "an almost inevitable outcomes of the isolation of the individual in an atomized society." Recent work in the history of communication studies have documented how the two models may have served as strawman theory or fallacy or even a "myth". Others have documented the possible medical origins of the metaphor of the magic bullet model.

Two-step flow
The phrasing "hypodermic needle" is meant to give a mental image of the direct, strategic, and planned infusion of a message into an individual. But as research methodology became more highly developed, it became apparent that the media had selective influences on people.

The most famous incident often cited as an example for the hypodermic needle model was the 1938 broadcast of The War of the Worlds and the subsequent reaction of widespread panic among its American mass audience. However, this incident actually sparked the research movement, led by Paul Lazarsfeld and Herta Herzog, that would disprove the magic bullet or hypodermic needle theory, as Hadley Cantril managed to show that reactions to the broadcast were, in fact, diverse, and were largely determined by situational and attitudinal attributes of the listeners.

In the 1940s, Lazarsfeld disproved the "magic bullet" theory and "hypodermic needle model theory" through elections studies in "The People's Choice". Lazarsfeld and colleagues executed the study by gathering research during the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940. The study was conducted to determine voting patterns and the relationship between the media and political power. Lazarsfeld discovered that the majority of the public remained unfazed by propaganda surrounding Roosevelt's campaign. Instead, interpersonal outlets proved more influential than the media. Therefore, Lazarsfeld concluded that the effects of the campaign were not all powerful to the point where they completely persuaded "helpless audiences", a claim that the Magic Bullet, Hypodermic Needle Model, and Lasswell asserted. These new findings also suggested that the public can select which messages affect and don't affect them.

Lazarsfeld's debunking of these models of communication provided the way for new ideas regarding the media's effects on the public. Lazarsfeld introduced the idea of the two-step flow of communication in 1944. Elihu Katz contributed to the model in 1955 through studies and publications. The model of the two-step flow of communication assumes that ideas flow from the mass media to opinion leaders and then to the greater public. They believed the message of the media to be transferred to the masses via this opinion leadership. Opinion leaders are categorized as individuals with the best understanding of media content and the most accessibility to the media as well. These leaders essentially take in the media's information, and explain and spread the media's messages to others.

Disagreements about the hypodermic needle theory may be based on how audiences are classified. For example, the pro-hypodermic perspective suggests that despite differing types of audiences, the theory remains valid if a direct effect occurs. However, many anti-hypodermic views instead note that the theory can only be applied if the effect works on a similar, mass group of people. Other interpretation differences depend on whether researchers involve mediating and intervening variables in case studies. This may include the influence of an audience’s prior knowledge and background.

Thus, the two step flow model and other communication theories suggest that the media does not directly have an influence on viewers anymore. Instead, interpersonal connections and even selective exposure play a larger role in influencing the public in the modern age. Contemporary research suggests that individuals are more likely to form opinions through the two step flow process, and through the role of influencers and opinion leaders on social media outlets. Social media has become an increasingly individualized experience and process, thus users are likely to form opinions based on the content they are exposed to and interact with.

Contemporary one-step flow
More recently, the use of big data analytics to identify user preferences and to send tailor-made messages to individuals led back to the idea of a "one-step flow of communication", which is in principle similar to the hypodermic needle model. The difference is that today's massive databases allow for the mass customization of messages. So it is not one generic mass media message, but many individualized messages, coordinated by a massive algorithm. For example, empirical studies have found that in Twitter networks, traditional mass media outlets receive 80–90% of their Twitter mentions directly through a direct one-step flow from average Twitter users. However, these same studies also argue that there is a multitude of step-flow models at work in today's digital communication landscape.

Theory application in the digital age
Although the hypodermic needle theory was studied more in depth in the early half of the 20th century, the integration of social media platforms further tests the theory’s application. The invention of the internet and popularity of social media channels makes social interaction a two-way street. Through this, influencers, leaders, politicians, brands and individuals can communicate with one another. This social relationship has led to behavior changes in the digital age, some of which align with characteristics of the hypodermic needle theory.

The hypodermic needle theory is based purely on assumptions about human behaviors. But, contemporary research adds that these behaviors and methods are always evolving and changing. In the field of science and information technology, researchers suggest using social media literacy as a tool for combating passive media consumption. They suggest increasing critical thinking use, and questioning the validity and credibility of what is on social media platforms. Similarly, contemporary research considers libraries and information centers as a form of media because of their influence over knowledge and source selection.

title: Hypodermic needle model


text:
1911 in art

Events from the year 1911 in art.

Events

 * January 18 – French jazz musician Charles Delaunay is born in Paris, the son of artists Sonia and Robert Delaunay. Sonia makes a patchwork quilt for his crib which is influential in the development of Orphism.
 * February 2 – First issue of Franz Pfemfert's Die Aktion.
 * May – Only exhibition by The London Secession group of photographers, at the Newman Gallery.
 * June 10 – Rembrandt House Museum opened in Amsterdam.
 * August 21 – Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is stolen from the Louvre museum in Paris by Vincenzo Peruggia; the theft is discovered the following day when painter Louis Béroud arrives to sketch it but the painting is not located until December 1913. Poet and art critic Guillaume Apollinaire and his friend Pablo Picasso are questioned over the theft.
 * Creation of Der Blaue Reiter Group (first exhibition opens December 18 in Munich).
 * Creation of the Puteaux Group.
 * Creation of the Camden Town Group.
 * Wassily Kandinsky publishes Über das Geistige in der Kunst, Insbesondere in der Malerei ("Concerning the Spiritual in Art, and Painting in Particular" or "The Art of Spiritual Harmony"), dated 1912.
 * Rayonism developed in Russia by Mikhail Larionov and Natalia Goncharova.
 * English wood engraver Gwen Darwin marries French painter Jacques Raverat.

Exhibitions

 * April 21–June 13 – Salon des Indépendants; Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Henri Le Fauconnier, Robert Delaunay, Fernand Léger, Joseph Csaky and Roger de La Fresnaye are shown together in Room 41, provoking an 'involuntary scandal' out of which Cubism emerges and spreads in Paris. The term "Cubism" is first used in English.
 * May 11 – A Futurist exhibition in Milan is the first of efforts by the group to make its theories concrete.
 * May 20–July 2 – Second International Art Exhibition in Düsseldorf (Kunsthalle), organised by Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler
 * October 1–November 8 – Salon d'Automne; At this exhibition, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger, František Kupka, André Lhote, Roger de La Fresnaye, Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp, Alexander Archipenko, Joseph Csaky exhibit Cubist works; and André Mare designs the decorative arts section.
 * One-man show by Eugeniusz Żak at Galerie Druet.

Works

 * Umberto Boccioni
 * The Laugh
 * Modern Idol
 * States of Mind: The Farewells; Those Who Go; Those Who Stay
 * The Street Enters the House
 * Georges Braque – Still Life
 * Carlo Carrà – The Funeral of the Anarchist Galli
 * Marc Chagall – I and the Village
 * Giorgio de Chirico
 * Enigma of the Hour
 * The Nostalgia of the Infinite
 * Confederate Monument (Gulfport, Mississippi)
 * Robert Delaunay – Champs de Mars: La Tour Rouge
 * Herbert Dicksee – Where's Master?
 * John Duncan – Riders of the Sidhe
 * Lydia Field Emmet – Olivia
 * Albert Gleizes
 * Portrait de Jacques Nayral
 * La Chasse (The Hunt)
 * Le Chemin, Paysage à Meudon
 * J. W. Godward
 * In Realms Of Fancy
 * On The Balcony (second version)
 * Duncan Grant – Bathing
 * Herbert Hampton – Statue of the Duke of Devonshire, Whitehall
 * Chandler Howard -
 * Pocahontas
 * Goscombe John – Statue of Charles Rolls, Monmouth
 * Alfons Karpiński – The Parisian Street
 * Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
 * Böhmischer Waldsee
 * Portrait of a Woman
 * Fernand Léger
 * Le compotier (Table and Fruit)
 * Les Toits de Paris (Roofs in Paris)
 * Wilhelm Lehmbruck – Kneeling (sculpture)
 * Edmund Leighton – Stitching the Standard
 * Paul Manship – Duck Girl (bronze)
 * Franz Marc
 * Blue-Black Fox
 * Blaues Pferd I (Blue Horse I)
 * Die großen blauen Pferde (The Large Blue Horses)
 * Die großen roten Pferde (The Large Red Horses)
 * The Little Blue Horses
 * Nudes Under Trees
 * The Yellow Cow
 * Henri Matisse – L'Atelier Rouge
 * Jean Metzinger – Le goûter (Tea Time)
 * Piet Mondrian – Gray Tree
 * Allen George Newman – Peace Monument
 * Emil Nolde – Maskenstilleben ("Masks Still Life")
 * Pablo Picasso
 * The Accordionist
 * Le pigeon aux petits pois
 * Herbert Ponting – Grotto in an Iceberg (photograph)
 * Pierre-Auguste Renoir – Gabrielle with Rose
 * John Singer Sargent – Bringing Down Marble from the Quarries to Carrara
 * Egon Schiele
 * Mädchen ("Girls")
 * Masturbation
 * Paul Signac – Antibes: the towers
 * Charles Robinson Sykes – Spirit of Ecstasy (car mascot)
 * Tiffany glass curtain at Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City
 * Lesser Ury – Woman in the Romanisches Café
 * Adolf Wölfli – General view of the island Neveranger

Births

 * January 2 – Alexander Džigurski, Serbian seascape artist (d. 1995).
 * January 17 – Izis Bidermanas, Lithuanian-born photographer (d. 1980).
 * January 31 – Freda Skinner, English sculptor (d. 1993).
 * February 10 – Mallica Reynolds ("Kapo"), Jamaican painter, sculptor and religious leader (d. 1989).
 * March 4 – Ilona Harima, Finnish painter (d. 1986).
 * March 7 – Edmund Teske, American photographer (d. 1996).
 * March 17 – David Park, American painter (d. 1960).
 * March 23 – Roger Hilton, English painter (d. 1975).
 * May 14 – Carl Abrahams, Jamaican painter (d. 2005).
 * May 25 – Will Barnet, American painter, printmaker (d. 2012).
 * June 11 – Coby Whitmore, American painter and illustrator (d. 1988)
 * July 15 – Juliet Pannett, English portrait artist (d. 2005).
 * August 10 – Bruce Ariss, American artist (d. 1994).
 * September 2 – Romare Bearden, American painter, printmaker (d. 1988).
 * October 9 – Joe Rosenthal, American Pulitzer Prize-winning photographer (d. 2006).
 * November 11 – Roberto Matta, Chilean painter (d. 2002).
 * November 25 – Roelof Frankot, Dutch painter (d. 1984).
 * December 16 – Brett Weston, American photographer (d. 1993).
 * December 25 – Louise Bourgeois, French-born painter and sculptor (d. 2010).

Deaths

 * January 4 – Stefano Bruzzi, Italian painter (b. 1835)
 * January 19 – Valentin Serov, Russian painter (b. 1865)
 * January 28 – John MacWhirter, Scottish-born landscape painter (b. 1837)
 * February 22 – Carl Fredrik Hill, Swedish painter (b. 1849)
 * April 6 – Carl von Perbandt, German landscape painter (b. 1832)
 * April 13 – William Keith, Scottish American landscape painter (b. 1838)
 * April 19 – Ivan Grohar, Slovenian Impressionist painter (b. 1867)
 * May 5 – Halsey Ives, American art teacher and curator (b. 1847)
 * May 8 – Alphonse Legros, French-born painter and etcher (b. 1837)
 * August 1 – Edwin Austin Abbey, American-born painter and illustrator (b. 1852)
 * August 12 – Jozef Israëls, Dutch painter (b. 1824)
 * September 16 – Hishida Shunsō, Japanese painter (b. 1874)
 * October 15 – Ellen Thayer Fisher, American botanical painter (b. 1847)
 * November 10 – Félix Ziem, French painter (b. 1821)

title: 1911 in art


text:
The Execution of All Things

The Execution of All Things is the second full-length album released by Los Angeles-based indie pop band Rilo Kiley. Expanding on their previous musical sound that mostly incorporated guitars, vocals, percussion and pianos, the album contains heavy electronica sampling mixed into the songs in a rather unusual and displaced-sounding way. Also, unlike their previous tracks which were written in very traditional manners, the lyrics to the songs on Execution are very wordy and read like prose. Musically, the record has a very sunny disposition, with bouncing bass lines and simple melodies complemented by lead singer Jenny Lewis's vocal style, but the upbeat music is generally counterpointed by the often dark and morose subject matter that the lyrics reference. The album was released by Saddle Creek Records in Omaha, Nebraska, and the aforementioned features show the influence of that studio's associated Omaha Sound. It was recorded at Presto! in Lincoln, Nebraska.

The album is also strung together by a song that is broken into pieces and that trails between several tracks. Called "And That's How I Choose to Remember It", it tells the story of Lewis' childhood and her parents' divorce. This theme is visited throughout the album, which is lyrically filled with childhood recollections of loss, displacement, anger and hopelessness.

The songs "So Long" and "Three Hopeful Thoughts" feature lead vocals by Blake Sennett. Lewis sings lead on all other tracks.

The song "With Arms Outstretched" played in the final moments of the series finale of Weeds, just as it had in the pilot.

The song "A Better Son/Daughter" was played in the trailer for the first season of the Netflix original series Orange Is the New Black. It is also featured at the end of Hannah Gadsby's 2018 Netflix special Nanette.

Critical reception and legacy
Critics received the album positively upon release. Pitchfork praised the album's music and lyrics — saying "the words here are descriptive and articulate, but gracefully rendered" — writing that the album surpassed all Rilo Kiley's prior work.

Legacy and impact
Anne Hathaway called the track "A Better Son/Daughter" "a life-changing song" for helping to improve her mental health during a difficult period of her life in 2009.

Critics again celebrated the album at its 20th anniversary in 2022. Stereogum called Better Son/Daughter a "towering, monumental achievement" and praised the interconnected nature of all the tracks on the album. Paste Magazine noted "the album's continued reverberation in a new generation of contemporary artists and listeners" and praised its treatment of mental illness, trauma, and gender. Andrew Sacher of BrooklynVegan wrote of Things' influence on 2010s emo music. He saw it impact the genre's lyrical focus for that era, helping it move from unrequited love to mental health. Paste's Natalie Marlin recognized that same influence carry into the future of indie rock as well. She saw how well the album fit in a culture "more prone than ever to accommodate piercing, honest lyricism about issues of mental health", which was driven in part by its own impact.

In the years since its release, Things has impacted various musicians. In a 2013 interview, indie rock musician Waxahatchee revealed that she had bought the album "when it had just come out" and "listened to [it] so many times." In a Talkhouse essay released the following year, she wrote of feeling "a massive surge of enthusiasm and revelation" when listening and realized "that I really wanted to make music myself." She singled out the album's "musical theater-like vocal glory" and its lyrics' "airtight incisiveness" as inspiring to her. Harmony Tividad, bassist for former duo Girlpool, called opening track "The Good That Won't Come Out" one of her all-time favorite songs.

Track listing
All songs written by Jenny Lewis and Blake Sennett, except where noted.

Personnel
Sourced from The Execution of All Things' liner notes.

Rilo Kiley
 * Jenny Lewis – vocals (all tracks), organ (1), guitar (1, 2, 4), keyboards (1, 6-8, 11), bass guitar (3, 5, 9), Rhodes electric piano (8, 11), Ace Tone electric organ (12)
 * Blake Sennett – vocals (2, 4, 6-9, 11), boy choir (10); guitar (1-11), keyboards (2, 6), sequencing (3, 8), bass & multi-chord steel guitar (10)
 * Pierre de Reeder – bass guitar (1, 2, 4, 6-8, 11), guitar (1, 3, 9), keyboards (5)
 * Jason Boesel – boy choir (10); drums (1-9, 11), orchestra bells (1, 2)

 * Additional musicians
 * Amy Huffman – violin on "The Execution of All Things" and "Capturing Moods"
 * Gretta Cohn – cello on "The Execution of All Things" and "Capturing Moods"
 * Jiha Lee – flute on "Hail to Whatever You Found in the Sunlight that Surrounds You"
 * Kristen Bailey – saw on "And That's How I Choose to Remember It"
 * Mike Mogis – pedal steel, guitar, vibraphone and glockenspiel on "The Good That Won't Come Out", pedal steel on "Paint's Peeling", pedal steel and vibraphone on "Hail to Whatever You Found in the Sunlight that Surrounds You", banjo on "And That's How I Choose to Remember It"
 * Rick Ricker – French horn on "Capturing Moods" and "My Slumbering Heart"
 * Ryan Fox – saxophone on "The Good That Won't Come Out"
 * Tim Kasher – accordion on "So Long"
 * Boy Choir on "With Arms Outstretched" – Blake Sennett, Jason Boesel, Conor Oberst and A.J. Mogis

title: The Execution of All Things


text:
User talk:Ferhdas

Hello Ferhdas, welcome to Wikipedia. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. You can learn more on the how to edit page. The naming conventions and style guide pages are also useful. There is a sandbox which you can use to experiment in. If you have any questions, see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. Angela 01:47, 13 Aug 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ferhdas


text:
Talk:Kai Tak Airport

(no title)
This may be a dumb question and I don't mean to offend. Why is/was the airport "popular"? Compared to what? It was the only civilian airport in Hong Kong for a long time. Is it popular now? Popular to whom? More popular than the new one? tess 20:44, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

If anyone wants to use the "External Link" picture I put in the External Links area in the actual article body, be sure to get permission from the people who have the picture. ~ WHISPERTOME - WhisperToMe 01:47, August 13, 2003 (UTC)

What was the handling capacity (passenger and cargo) and the actual utilisation of Kai Tak before it was closed? How long was the runway extended in the 1970s? Was it named 13/31? — Instantnood 12:44, Feb 13 2005 (UTC)

Answered now... Oldie 18:18, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks Oldie. — Instantnood 15:08, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)

When was the Kai Tak Airport renamed Hong Kong International Airport? — Instantnood July 6, 2005 14:29 (UTC)

North or northwest?
Hi, I was reading a page call Kai Tak International Airport of Hong Kong. The encyclopedia said "the airport was located north of Kowloon Bay"

This is the diagram of the geography: __________ airport  |                        NW    N --   -                           \   | \ \    \                           \  |   \  \    \   Kowloon Bay       W ____\_|______ E    \  \    \                            | \ \    \_______________            |      \_/                                |                                         S

I changed a word north to northwest. but u guys change it back. I thought that my imformation was pretty accurate since I have lived in Hong Kong for a long time and I am pretty good with geography. So can i ask why u change it back? Thank you very much. (Anon, via an email to the Board) - Angela 20:54, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Here's (the top right quadrant) an old map showing the old coastlines that I've found (compare with a recent satellite picture). The apron, passenger terminal and cargo terminal were actually built on reclaimed lands in the northern part of the bay, and the runway extends from that area towards the southeast into the bay. — Instantnood 17:10, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I think what Anon refers to is Kowloon Bay the district. Even the Kowloon Bay article is talking about the district and body of water interchangingly. I have raised a discussion in that article. We need to clarify that we are referring to Kowloon Bay the body of water here instead. --Kvasir 06:41, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Kowloon Bay never a district, but an area/non-administrative neighbourhood that have disputed boundary. While Kowloon City District has it official / legal boundary. Matthew hk (talk) 12:11, 15 November 2019 (UTC)

Requested move
This article, not sure for what reasons, has been existed under this title since it was created. Nevertheless, the airport itself has never been called "Kai Tak International Airport". It was originally known as "Kai Tak Airport", and was later renamed "Hong Kong International Airport". Despite the official name was changed, the old name remains popular, and is frequently used to differentiate from the new airport of the same name which replaced it.

I would like to propose to change the title as "Kai Tak Airport", which was one of the names that the airport has been known as. (I understand this move can be performed with the move button, but since this article has been here with this title for more than 2 years, I'm not too sure if the move would upset anybody.) — Instantnood 17:10, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one sentence explanation, then sign your vote with ~

 * Support. — Instantnood 17:10, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose, why bother? and "Kai Tak International Airport" was used as well, I don't know if it was an official name, nor do I know if Kai Tak Airport was an official name. As long as redirects exist, it's a pointless move, as it no longer exists anyways. SchmuckyTheCat 17:54, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments

 * Moved from WP:RM as per WP:RM policy: google "kai tak international airport" on site:hongkongairport.com comes up with a hit for the term. The official airport authority uses the term (I have no idea in what context), but it's not like this article is currently at a the wrong name. This discussion is continued at the talk page of the article, not here. SchmuckyTheCat 18:19, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * In response to user:SchmuckyTheCat's comment at WP:RM : the former Hong Kong International Airport (i.e. Kai Tak Airport) has never been managed by the Airport Authority, the owner of www.hongkongairport.com. The Airport Authority was set up for the new HKIA. FYI, the one hit in the Google search you have tried is the main page of the website . (If you look into the source code of www.hongkongairport.com/index.html, you would know the words Kai Tak do not even appear.) — Instantnood 18:58, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, I still don't see how the current name is wrong, it seems to be KTIA or KTA, and since it was international.... Why don't you just provide a cite, a real cite by the controlling business or license or charter, or whatever, that backs up the necessity to change it.  It's really not that important, so if you can provide a proper cite, nobody is going to disagree.  If you can't, you're just proposing moves because you like to do so. SchmuckyTheCat 02:59, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The Civil Aviation Department, which was responsible for running Kai Tak, calls it "Kai Tak Airport" . — Instantnood 07:12, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Decision
Page moved as requested. Ryan Norton T 20:40, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Untitled
Airports often have several different names, the official one under-which it is known to the local civil aviation authority that issues the aerodrome operator's licence and which is on the actual licence, and another name given by the airport operating company. That is why airport names sometimes change for marketing purposes, although the 'proper' name that is on the operator's licence usually will not, as that will also be the name by which the airport is known to the ICAO.

For example, the operators of Liverpool airport changed its name from "Speke Airport" to "Liverpool John Lennon Airport" a while back, although I suspect the operator's licence still refers to it as 'Speke Airport'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.145.115.127 (talk) 11:07, 25 December 2016 (UTC)

Language in article
Some of the language in this article seems a little inappropriate for an encyclopedia entry - hijackers 'taken down'...the view of the turning aircraft being 'quite the thrill'

ahpook 15:06, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

The 13 approach
"Another challenge for the landing is the relatively short runway for large aircraft"

The article also says the runway was 11,122ft long -- that is a relatively long runway for any aircraft. By comparison, the longest runway at KLAX is 12,091ft, the longest runway at KEWR is 11,000ft and these are both major US airports that serve heavy traffic. Even if 11,000ft was short, it wouldn't be a factor for the landing distance since runway length is a more significant factor for takeoff roll distance.

"Consequently, aircraft must land accurately at the landing spot at where the runway starts or face the risk of overrunning the runway and end up in the sea.

This is not an unusual characteristic for an airport. KBOS, KSFO, KJFK, etc, all have runway configurations that are adjacent to water. It would be good to get a pilot who has flown into this airport to edit this article; it seems to be be written more by observers and lacks the technical accuracy that would be more valuable for an encyclopedia. Dbchip 01:09, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

87.17.224.154 14:13, 23 September 2006 (UTC)Paul On short final pilots perform a Visual Approach, instead of VFR. This means that they don't change the flight rules (they still remain within IFR rules, but they conduct the final approach visually.

Future plans for the site
This section describes scaling "down" from 133 hectares to 166 hectares. I'm not used to dealing with hectares, but I'm pretty sure units of measurement of area follow natural laws of mathematical increment and 166 hectares is in fact larger than 133. This would make the following mention of being further scaled down to 133 hectares sensible, except that 133 is the original number. I don't know where to find further details on the plans for airport site land reclamation, so perhaps someone with better familiarity with this project could clean this up.

Golf course
Is it still used as a golf course? - jlao   0  4  08:39, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Businesses at Kai Tak
Were these businesses really there? Are they still? I thought the airport site has been razed. In any case they seem rather irrelevant to this article. --tess 22:54, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
 * DFS Kai Tak Market
 * Hagen Das (sic)
 * Tin Tin Airport Restaurant

ICAO
I changed the ICAO name back to VHHH. It had recently been changed by a user to VHHX. The only time I remember VHHX being used was during the last 2 week cycle in the navigation database. Hong Kong kept the ICAO VHHH identifier for the new airport and pilots had to have a way to make sure the plane "went" to the correct airport. It was just a database thing. airboyd (talk) 18:42, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

I made a few changes to dates and rearranged sentences into more ordered structure. I have added links to several diaries, blogs and historical photos which confirm particular facts about the history of the airfield. airboyd (talk) 21:29, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Your evidence/source? I thought it had always been known as VHHX because when the ICAO codes went from three to four characters, every airport had an X added to the end. So the airport went from VHH to VHHX. The new airport has always been VHHH because there was no reason to keep the X, and two airports cannot have the same code. This same reasoning applies to airports like KLAX. http://www.skygod.com/asstd/abc.html Yos233 (talk) 20:40, 15 February 2012 (UTC)
 * You're wrong. Very very wrong. I have no clues what you're talking about. HkCaGu (talk) 10:16, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

Aviation databases have a 14 day cycle. The new airport and the old airport could not have the same 4 letter identifier. The FMS had both VHHH and VHHX for a short time period. Both airports were named VHHH, but only when open. airboyd (talk) 23:39, 23 June 2012 (UTC)

Special pilot qualifications?
I have heard more than once that pilots required special qualifications or seniority to land at Kai Tak. The article refers to the challenges of the approach, but never mentions any restrictions. Is anyone aware of the correct factual position? If true, it should probably get included. --Legis (talk - contribs) 08:27, 19 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Video on YouTube of a BA Concorde 'greasing in' at Kai Tak back in 1996 here:  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.7.147.13 (talk) 19:33, 22 November 2013 (UTC)

 * All pilots flying into the old Kai Tak airport had to have special simulator training for that specific IGS 13 approach. Then, for a Captain to command a flight to Kai Tak, he had to have "Special Airport" IOE (initial operating experience) training, with a certified "Check Captain" sitting in the right seat. Then, he had to be signed off as qualified to fly that approach, once he came off "high minimums" (after an initial amount of time in that aircraft, usually 100 hours). EditorASC (talk) 09:20, 13 October 2018 (UTC)

Final flight
This article contains conflicting statements regarding the final departure from the airport on closing night. The list of 'lasts' has it departing at 01:05 but two paragraphs later it is described as departing at 01:28. Either one is wrong, or the different times require clarification (e.g. 01:05 was the time it started moving and 01:28 was the moment its wheels left the ground). Rich (talk) 00:54, 25 February 2015 (UTC)

CPA crash
I know the airport pages of Wikipedia seem to be heavily "policed" so rather than going straight in and editing, I'm going to point out something here in talk.

Is the 1967 Cathay Pacific crash mentioned here - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathay_Pacific#Accidents_and_incidents - missing from Kai Tak incidents? It does seem to be a "real thing" as my mother lived there near the time and it was mentioned enough to me that it's been repeated to me a lot.

Thanks Escottf (talk) 12:17, 16 January 2018 (UTC)

Cantonese romanisation
I changed the romanisation of 啟德機場 in the infobox from Yale to Jyutping, which is the modern de facto standard, but it was reverted back. Any reason this is the case, or is there a previous discussion that I missed? Vatnið (talk) 10:55, 17 November 2021 (UTC)

Very final last?
When I first saw this, I started to correct "very final last" to simply "final," but then I noticed the repeated use of the phrase further along in the article. I then noticed that the article is written in "Hong Kong English." However, I didn't see this phrase or anything similar as an example of something unique to HKE. Could someone tell me if "very final last" would be acceptable in HKE and thus preferred in this article to "final"? Rontrigger (talk) 23:44, 3 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kai Tak Airport


text:
User talk:Astarte

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. You can learn more on the how to edit page. The naming conventions and style guide pages are also useful. There is a sandbox which you can use to experiment in. If you have any questions, see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. Angela 01:48, 13 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Paciurea, Brancusi
Could you please explain why you are pulling members out of Category:Romanian sculptors? It subsumes the Category:Sculptors you are moving them into, and the preference is normally for the more specific category. You haven't proposed the category for deletion, so what's up? -- Jmabel | Talk 06:57, Nov 14, 2004 (UTC)

I was reading all the discussion at Category:Art, and it seemed that the Category Romanian sculptors didn't make sense because there were just two. However, I now see that the other categories like British sculptors are well populated, so Romanian sculptors is entirely justified. I will move those two back in.

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

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OR
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Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Astarte


text:
User talk:Morphex

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Angelyne

Angelyne (born Ronia Tamar Goldberg, October 2, 1950) is an American singer, actress, media personality, and model who came to prominence in 1984 after the appearance of a series of billboards in and around Los Angeles, California, with only one word, "Angelyne", picturing her posing suggestively. These caught the attention of local media outlets, and soon she received several offers for film roles, magazine interviews, and television show appearances.

The main trademark of her celebrity persona is a pink Corvette. Her billboards have been featured in a number of movies and television series, including the opening credits of Moonlighting and atop the building occupied by producer Harry Zim (played by Gene Hackman in the movie Get Shorty), and have been spoofed in shows such as The Simpsons, Futurama, and BoJack Horseman. Angelyne was noted for concealing her real name, age, and identity, which did not become public knowledge until 2017.

In 1978, she joined her then-boyfriend's punk rock band Baby Blue, which performed in clubs around Los Angeles, but never became financially successful. In 1982, she released her self-titled debut album and her first posters began appearing as a part of the album's promotion. After the launch of a massive billboard campaign in February 1984, she began working on her second album. Driven to Fantasy was released in 1986. Angelyne then appeared in small parts in films such as Earth Girls Are Easy (1988), Dangerous Love (1988), and Homer and Eddie (1989).

Angelyne is also an artist; she began painting in 1998 and has had several art shows in Los Angeles. She has run for Governor of California twice, during the recall elections of Gray Davis in 2003 and Gavin Newsom in 2021.

Early life
Angelyne's previous names and origins became publicly known in a 2017 article by Gary Baum for The Hollywood Reporter. The article cited public records revealing that Angelyne was born in Poland as Ronia Tamar Goldberg to Holocaust survivors who were Polish Jewish. After being liberated from German Nazi concentration camps, including Skarżysko-Kamienna, Bergen-Belsen, and Buchenwald, her parents were married in the Föhrenwald DP camp, and then returned to post-war Poland. The family later settled in Bnei Brak, Israel, before immigrating to the United States in 1959. They moved to the Fairfax District of Los Angeles where she went by the name Renee Tami Goldberg. Goldberg attended James Monroe High School and was married briefly.

Career
In 1978, Angelyne joined her then-boyfriend's band Baby Blue. They performed in local clubs in L.A. and once opened along with Rubber City Rebels for the Screamers' show at the Whisky a Go Go. The punk rock club The Masque served as a rehearsal place for the band. They released a single "Rock n' Roll Rebel" with a B-side, "Fantasy Man". Only 1,000 copies of the record were made and distributed in England.

The band did not receive much attention, so they decided to promote it by posting her picture around town. In 1979, the single "Too Much to Touch" was released under the name Angelyne, also promoted by posters and flyers.

In 1982, she released a self-titled debut album on an independent label Erika Records. The 12" picture disc contained 11 songs, including two versions of "Sexy Stranger", a cover of Elvis Presley's hit "Teddy Bear," and the main single "Kiss Me L.A.". Another series of bus-shelter posters promoted the album. In July 1983, Erika Records released another Angelyne single, "My List", accompanied by a music video.

According to Angelyne, she met wealthy adhesive-free-tape entrepreneur Hugo Maisnik (inventor of Hugo's Amazing Tape) in 1982. Maisnik had a display-printing business in Los Angeles. Described as "very eccentric" and a "bored prankster", Maisnik reportedly saw potential in using Angelyne's image and understood the "intricacies of the outdoor-advertising game". In February 1984, Angelyne's first billboard proclaiming "Angelyne Rocks" went up on Sunset Boulevard.

In 1986, she released her second album, Driven to Fantasy, on her label, Pink Kitten. An enhanced pink vinyl re-issue of the album was later released in Italy; in 2024, it was re-released on "Pink Corvette vinyl" by Dark Entries. In June 1987, an 85 feet high mural depicting Angelyne was painted on the side of a building on Hollywood and Vine. Her manager allegedly financed the $22,000 painting. The same year, her friend Nina Hagen got her recording with Michael "Doc" Dosco, who had previously worked with Hagen on her album Nina Hagen in Ekstasy. He wrote and produced several songs for Angelyne, including "Animal Attraction," which was later featured in Julien Temple's movie Earth Girls Are Easy, where Angelyne had a cameo. The single was released in 1988 with remixes by Italian producer Pino Toma. Hagen mentioned Angelyne in her song "Super Freak Family," and her voice can be heard in "Pillow Talk".

By 1995, she had over 200 billboards up all over Los Angeles.

In 1997, Angelyne launched her website where she offered tours around Sunset Boulevard and Hollywood. In 1998, Angelyne pursued another artistic venture and began painting self-portraits. Since then she has had several successful art exhibitions.

In July 2013, Angelyne signed a contract with designer Michael Kuluva to be a face of a limited edition T-shirt for his clothing line Tumbler and Tipsy.

Political career
Angelyne was a candidate for Hollywood city council in 2002, if it were to secede from Los Angeles. She ran for office again in 2003, this time for governor of California. Her slogan during the campaign was "We've had Gray, we've had Brown, now it's time for some blond and pink." Her mascot was a pink Maltese named Budda. She finished 29th in a field of 135 candidates, garnering 2,536 votes.

In April 2021, Angelyne announced plans to run in the 2021 California gubernatorial recall election of Gavin Newsom. She ran without a party preference. The 50% threshold to recall the incumbent governor was not reached. She received 0.5% of the vote and finished 18th out of 46, the highest candidate without a party preference.

Portrayals in popular culture
In 1995, a black-and-white short documentary by Robinson Devor, Angelyne, was released.

The Angelyne Dream Experience, an experimental film by Dan Kapelovitz, who also worked on her EP Beauty & the Pink, was released in 1998. The short film with elements of psychedelia features Angelyne driving in the streets of Los Angeles, greeting her fans and talking about out-of-body experience.

Hugo Maisnik's daughter, Katherine Saltzberg, wrote and performed in the 2009 one-woman play Los Angelyne about her experience growing up in the shadow of the Angelyne billboards.

A limited series based on the life of Angelyne, Angelyne, starring Emmy Rossum, created by Nancy Oliver, was ordered by Peacock in 2020. The series was executive produced by Sam Esmail and Angelyne. Production of the series was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The first trailer was released in April 2020. The series premiered on Peacock in May 2022.

Albums

 * Angelyne (1982)
 * Driven to Fantasy (1986)
 * Beware My Bad Boyfriend (Unreleased)
 * Beauty & the Pink (2000)

Compilations

 * Eargasmmm (2019)

Singles
• "Rock n' Roll Rebel / Fantasy Man" (1978)

• "Too Much to Touch / Mystified" (1979)

• "Too Much to Touch / Emotional" (1981)

• "Kiss Me L.A." (1982)

• "My List / Skin Tight" (1983)

• "Flirt / Dreamin' About You" (1986)

• "Animal Attraction" (1988)

• "I'm So Lucky" (2003)

• "Heart" (2017)

• "Sexy Heart" (2017)

Films

 * Phantom of the Paradise (1974)
 * The Wild Party (1975)
 * Can I Do It... 'Til I Need Glasses? (1977)
 * The Frisco Kid (1979)
 * Earth Girls Are Easy (1988)
 * Dangerous Love (1988)
 * Hardcase and Fist (1989)
 * Homer and Eddie (1989)
 * The Malibu Beach Vampires (1991)
 * Get Shorty (1995)
 * The Angelyne Dream Experience (1998)
 * Wild Horses (1998)
 * The Underground Comedy Movie (1999)
 * Flies on Cupid (2000)
 * King of Hollywood (2008)
 * Place Like Home (2012)
 * Running Wild (2013)
 * The Disaster Artist (2017)

Television and documentaries

 * Thicke of the Night (1983)
 * The Tube (1985)
 * Truth or Consequences (1987)
 * Tommy's Hollywood Report (1987)
 * Hot Seat (October 10, 1987)
 * The Evening Magazine (July 1988)
 * Up All Night (1991)
 * Hollywood Women (1994)
 * Angelyne (1995)
 * Boulevard of Dreams (1996)
 * Nina Hagen = Punk + Glory (1999)
 * The Roseanne Show (March 22, 2000)
 * Cleavage (2002)
 * Alaska y Mario (2012)

Music videos

 * "My List" - Angelyne – Steve Lomas Productions (c1982)
 * "Jimmy Mack" – Sheena Easton (1985)
 * "Right on Track" – Breakfast Club (1987)
 * "I Can Take Care of Myself" - Billy Vera (1987)
 * "City Life" - Tonio K (1988)
 * "This Note's for You" – Neil Young (1989)
 * "The I.N.C. Ride" – Masta Ace Incorporated (1995)
 * "We Are All Made of Stars" – Moby (2002)
 * "Pink Christmas" – Slink (2014)
 * "Dionysus" – Mikhail Tank (featuring Angelyne as Aphrodite, the Goddess of Love) (2015)
 * "Sunshine Sunshine Santa Claus" – Nikki & Candy (2015)
 * "Mirror Mountain" – Mini Mansions (2015)
 * "Give Up The Wheel" – Stray Echo (2017)
 * "Cell" – Fukushima Daisies (2019)
 * "Running Red Lights" – The Avalanches (2020)
 * “Walk of Fame” - VR Sex (2022)

Billboard appearances

 * Moonlighting (1986)
 * Games of Survival (1989)
 * The Jigsaw Murders (1989)
 * Tax Season (1989)
 * Another You (1991)
 * Where the Day Takes You (1992)
 * Jimmy Hollywood (1994)
 * Get Shorty (1995)
 * The Fan (1996)
 * Volcano (1997)
 * Tracey Takes On... (1998)
 * Rush Hour (1998)
 * 8mm (1999)
 * The Day After Tomorrow (2004)
 * Notorious (2009)
 * Rock of Ages (2012)
 * Behind the Candelabra (2013)
 * Terminator Genisys (2015)

title: Angelyne


text:
1743 in art

Events from the year 1743 in art.

Works

 * Canaletto paints Rome: View of the Colosseum and the Arch of Constantine, The Molo, Looking West, The Piazzetta, Looking North and Capriccio: The Horses of S. Marco in the Piazzetta (now in British Royal Collection)
 * Antonio Corradini sculpts The Vestal Virgin Tuccia
 * Arthur Devis probably paints Mr and Mrs Atherton
 * William Hogarth begins painting his Marriage à-la-mode series
 * Andrea Soldi paints a Self-portrait
 * Louis-Michel van Loo completes The Family of Philip V

Births

 * January 3 – Joseph-Benoît Suvée, Flemish painter (died 1807)
 * March 5 – Jean-Simon Berthélemy, French history painter (died 1811)
 * March 9 – Johann Kaspar Füssli, Swiss painter (died 1786)
 * May 2 – William Parry, Welsh portrait painter (died 1791)
 * July 24 – Giocondo Albertolli, Swiss-born architect, painter, and sculptor who was active in Italy (d. 1839)
 * September 11 – Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, Danish Neoclassicist painter (died 1809)
 * probable – Louis Jean Desprez, painter and architect (died 1804)
 * date unknown
 * Jean-Laurent Mosnier, French painter and miniaturist (died 1808)
 * Erik Westzynthius the Younger, Finnish painter (died 1787)

Deaths

 * January 3 – Ferdinando Galli Bibiena, Italian architect/designer/painter and author (born 1656)
 * April 20 – Alexandre-François Desportes. French painter and decorative designer who specialised in animal works (b. 1661)
 * September 14 – Nicolas Lancret, French painter (born 1690)
 * October 9 – Wenzel Lorenz Reiner, Czech Baroque painter (born 1686)
 * October 20 – Michael Dahl, Swedish portrait painter (born 1659)
 * December
 * Fra Galgario, Bergamese painter, mainly of portraits during the Rococo epoch (born 1655)
 * Giuseppe Ghislandi, Italian painter from Bergamo (born 1655)
 * December 27 – Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter of Catalan origin (born 1659)
 * date unknown
 * Giacomo Antonio Arland, Italian painter (born 1668)
 * Antoine Aveline, French engraver (born 1691)
 * Pietro Paolo Cristofari, Italian artist responsible for a number of the mosaics in St. Peter's Basilica (born 1685)
 * Placido Campolo, Italian painter of the late-Baroque period (born 1693)
 * Girolamo Donnini, Italian painter of the Baroque period (born 1681)
 * Antonio Filocamo, Italian painter at various churches and oratories in Messina (born 1669)
 * Sarah Hoadly, English portrait painter (born 1676)
 * Ogata Kenzan, Japanese potter and painter (born 1663)
 * Giovanni Tuccari, Italian painter of battle scenes (born 1667)

title: 1743 in art


text:
User talk:Bbotbuilder

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Proposed deletion of Hamburg, New York (disambiguation)

The article Hamburg, New York (disambiguation) has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Disambiguation is not required. Hamburg (village), New York is linked from the lead of Hamburg, New York (and the redlink is not a valid entry)."

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text:
1809 in art

Events in the year 1809 in Art.

Events

 * Six students of the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna form an artistic cooperative called the Brotherhood of St. Luke (Lukasbund), predecessor of the Nazarene movement.

Works

 * Pietro Benvenuti – Elisa Bonaparte surrounded by the artists of Florence
 * John Constable – Malvern Hall
 * John Singleton Copley – George, Prince of Wales, on horseback
 * Jacques-Louis David – Sappho and Phaon
 * Caspar David Friedrich – Mönch am Meer
 * Thomas Douglas Guest
 * The Transfiguration
 * Venus recumbent and Cupids
 * Orest Kiprensky
 * Portrait of Countess Ye. P. Rostopchina
 * Portrait of Yevgraf Davydov
 * Thomas Lawrence
 * Portrait of George III
 * Lord Castlereagh
 * Charles Willson Peale – The Peale Family
 * Henry Raeburn – Mrs Spiers
 * J. M. W. Turner – London from Greenwich Park
 * Richard Westmacott – Statue of Horatio Nelson, Birmingham

Births

 * February 15 – Owen Jones, British architect, interior designer, and pioneer of chromolithography (died 1874)
 * March 1 – Robert Cornelius, American pioneer of photography (died 1893)
 * March 23 – Jean-Hippolyte Flandrin, French painter (died 1864)
 * April 17 – Thomas Brigstocke, Welsh portrait painter (died 1881)
 * May 5 – Frederick Langenheim, German American pioneer of panoramic photography (died 1879)
 * May 20 – Albert Newsam, American artist (died 1864)
 * August 28 – Giovanni Maria Benzoni, Italian sculptor (died 1873)
 * October 9 – Thomas Baker "of Leamington", English landscape painter (died 1864)
 * December 24 (bapt.) – Mary Thornycroft, English sculptor (died 1895)
 * unknown date Mary Ellen Best, English watercolour artist (died 1891)

Deaths

 * January 3 – Henri-Pierre Danloux, French painter (born 1753)
 * January 7 – Johann Peter Alexander Wagner, Rococo sculptor (born 1730)
 * February 23 – Dirk van der Aa, Dutch painter (born 1731)
 * March 7 – Pierre-Philippe Choffard, French draughtsman and engraver (born 1731)
 * March 23 – Étienne Dantoine, French sculptor (born 1737)
 * March 27 – Joseph-Marie Vien, French painter (born 1716)
 * April 6 – Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours, Swiss painter (born 1752)
 * May 8 – Augustin Pajou, French sculptor (born 1730)
 * June 4 – Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, Danish Neoclassicist painter (born 1743)
 * September 1 – Pierre-Joseph Lion, Belgian painter (born 1729)
 * November 7 – Paul Sandby, map-maker turned landscape painter in watercolours (born 1731)
 * November 11 – Jean-Joseph Taillasson, French painter (born 1745)
 * date unknown
 * Immanuel Alm, Finnish painter of primarily religious-themed works (born 1767)
 * Jonathan Fisher, Irish painter (born unknown)

title: 1809 in art