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South Park Township, Pennsylvania

South Park Township is a township in the southern part of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, near Pittsburgh. The population was 13,416 at the 2010 census.

A large portion of the township consists of a county park of the same name.

History
Composed of portions of St. Clair and Jefferson townships in 1845, South Park was originally called Snowden Township, named after John M. Snowden, a prominent businessman, politician and former Pittsburgh mayor, who had died earlier that year. In the 1930s, Allegheny County acquired several large parcels of farm land mostly within Snowden Township and created a regional recreational area named South Park. The huge success of South Park, and the fact the facility occupies roughly one-third of the community's total area, eventually prompted a 1966 referendum in which the township was renamed.

The area in and around South Park Township was settled in the mid-18th century. It is the location of the Oliver Miller Homestead where in 1794, the first shots of the Whiskey Rebellion were fired. A log house was originally built on the site in 1772; it was replaced by a stone structure around 1830, which is open for public tours.

Geography
South Park is located at 40.29833°N, -80.00194°W (40.298382, -80.002097). South Park's zip code is 15129. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 9.2 square miles (23.8 km2), all land. A negligible area is covered by streams and creeks, most notably Peters Creek. South Park, a 1999 acre recreational area operated by Allegheny County, is located mostly within the boundaries of South Park Township, although a portion is located in adjacent Bethel Park.

The township is on the Allegheny Plateau, near where the Allegheny River from the northeast and Monongahela River from the southeast join to form the Ohio River in Pittsburgh. South Park township's topography is quite hilly. The hilltops are somewhat "carved" out by the streams in the area.

Surrounding neighborhoods
South Park Township has five borders, including Baldwin to the north, Pleasant Hills and Jefferson Hills to the east, Union Township (in Washington County) to the south, and Bethel Park to the west.

Climate
South Park falls in the humid continental zone (Köppen Dfa/Dfb). It features four distinct seasons, with precipitation somewhat evenly spread throughout the year. Summers are hot and humid (with occasional heat waves), while winters are cold and snowy. Fall and spring are mild to warm.

The warmest month of the year in South Park, as in most of the northern hemisphere, is July. The average high temperature is 81 F, with overnight low temperatures averaging 57 F. July is often humid, resulting in a considerable heat index. The coldest month of the year is January, when the average high temperature is 30 F. Overnight low temperatures average 18 F. The highest temperature ever recorded in South Park was 101 F, on July 16, 1988, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was -23 F, on January 19, 1994.

Due to its position on the windward side of the Allegheny Mountains, South Park Township receives heavier precipitation than cities located farther to the west, and many days are subject to overcast skies, with 153 days of the year with some precipitation and only 2024 sunshine hours per year. Precipitation is greatest in May, due to frequent thunderstorms and more organized low pressure systems which track up the eastern coast of the United States. On average, 4.04 in of precipitation falls during this month. The driest month of the year is October, when 2.35 in. Annual precipitation is around 37.9 in, while annual snowfall is 40.3 in.

South Park has been hit with extreme weather. The Blizzard of 1993 dumped 23 in of snow in under 24 hours. A blizzard in February 2010 dumped nearly two feet of snow in less than 24 hours, and nearly 4 feet in the following week. In September 2004, the remnants of Hurricane Ivan brought gusty winds and dropped nearly 6 in of rain in 12 hours.

Neighborhoods
South Park can be broken down into the six different neighborhoods. The neighborhoods are grouped primarily by the small towns throughout the township and the time era which the plans of homes were built.

Broughton
Broughton borders Curry and extends further down Brownsville Road. Most of Broughton is residential with a few businesses, gas stations, and eateries along Brownsville Road.

Bruceton
Located on the Eastern Edge of South Park Township, the Bruceton neighborhood runs along Lick Run Creek. Notable institutions include the National Energy Technology Laboratory and the US Bureau of Mines

Curry
On the northern side, the area is known as Curry. Curry is a mix of residential homes and a small commercial area, and Curry extends from the northeastern corner to the northwestern corner and down Brownsville Road. The former Broughton Elementary School was located here.

Library
Library, formally known as Loafer's Hollow, is a large neighborhood of South Park. It has a mix of residential, commerce, and industrial areas. Library is South Park Township's "Downtown". It has many businesses along Route 88. Along Piney Fork Road, there are also many shops and a few industrial complexes. There are many large plans of houses throughout Library also. South Park Middle School is also located here. Library is served by the Library station on the Port Authority of Allegheny County's light rail network's Silver Line.

Piney Fork
Piney Fork is in the south-central part of South Park. It is a large residential area with a few small stores and restaurants.

Snowden
Snowden is a neighborhood in the southeastern corner of the township. It is a rural area with some homes and farms. Snowden was once a small mining community, but was absorbed into South Park.

Education
The South Park School District is coterminous with the township. The school district has a single elementary school for grades K-4, a single middle school for grades 5–8, and a single high school for grades 9–12. The school district's mascot is the Eagles.

South Park has a rich history in athletics. It has one of the most successful soccer programs anywhere. The South Park Eagles Boys' soccer team has won state championships both in 2005 and 2006. The Lady Eagles have won the state championship in 2007. The High School has also produced two state championships in football in the years 1997 and 2005. Along with these state championships, the high school has had many WPIAL championships as well.

Demographics
The census of 2010 concluded there were 13,416 people, 5,346 households, and 4,331 families living in the township. The population density was 1,563.6 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the township was 86.5% White, 10.2% African American, 0.1% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. 1.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

As of the census of 2000, there were 14,340 people, 5,422 households, and 4,028 families living in the township. The population density was 1,563.6 PD/sqmi. There were 5,616 housing units at an average density of 612.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 92.15% White, 6.21% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.76% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. 0.55% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 5,422 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.0% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 21.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the township the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.1 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $51,001, and the median income for a family was $57,290. Males had a median income of $41,002 versus $27,138 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,538. About 4.8% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: South Park Township, Pennsylvania


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Seismogram

A seismogram is a graph output by a seismograph. It is a record of the ground motion at a measuring station as a function of time. Seismograms typically record motions in three cartesian axes (x, y, and z), with the z axis perpendicular to the Earth's surface and the x- and y- axes parallel to the surface. The energy measured in a seismogram may result from an earthquake or from some other source, such as an explosion. Seismograms can record many things, and record many little waves, called microseisms. These tiny microseisms can be caused by heavy traffic near the seismograph, waves hitting a beach, the wind, and any number of other ordinary things that cause some shaking of the seismograph.

Historically, seismograms were recorded on paper attached to rotating drums, a kind of chart recorder. Some used pens on ordinary paper, while others used light beams to expose photosensitive paper. Today, practically all seismograms are recorded digitally to make analysis by computer easier. Some drum seismometers are still found, especially when used for public display. Seismograms are essential for finding the location and magnitude of earthquakes.

Recording
Prior to the availability of digital processing of seismic data in the late 1970s, the records were done in a few different forms on different types of media.

A Helicorder drum is a device used to record data into photographic paper or in the form of paper and ink. A piece of paper is wrapped around a rotating drum of the helicorder which receives the seismic signal from a seismometer. For each predefined interval of data, the helicorder will plot the seismic data in one line before moving to the next line at the next interval. The paper must be changed after the helicorder writes on the last line of the paper. In the model that use ink, regular maintenance of the pen must be done for accurate recording.

A Develocorder is a machine that records multi-channel seismic data into a 16 mm film. The machine was developed by Teledyne Geotech during the mid-1960s. It can automatically plot seismograms from 18 seismic signal sources and 3 time signals on a continuous reel of film. The signals from seismometers are processed by 15.5 Hz recording galvanometers which record the seismograms to a reel of 200 ft of film at the speeds between 3 and 20 cm per minute. The machine has self-contained circulating chemicals that are used to automatically develop the film. However, the machine takes at least ten minutes from the time of recording to the time that the film can be viewed.

After the digital processing had been used, the archives of the seismograms were recorded on magnetic tapes. The data from the magnetic tapes can then be read back to reconstruct the original waveforms. Due to the deterioration of older magnetic tape medias, large number of waveforms from the archives in the early digital recording days are not recoverable. Today, many other forms are used to digitally record the seismograms into digital medias.

Reading
Seismograms are read from left to right.

Time marks show when the earthquake occurred. Time is shown by half-hour (thirty-minute) units. Each rotation of the seismograph drum is thirty minutes. Therefore, on seismograms, each line measures thirty minutes. This is a more efficient way to read a seismogram. Secondly, there are the minute-marks. A minute mark looks like a hyphen "-" between each minute. Minute marks count minutes on seismograms. From left to right, each mark stands for a minute.

Each seismic wave looks different. The P-wave is the first wave that is bigger than the other waves (the microseisms). Because P waves are the fastest seismic waves, they will usually be the first ones that the seismograph records. The next set of seismic waves on the seismogram will be the S-waves. These are usually bigger than the P waves, and have higher frequency. Look for a dramatic change in frequency for a different type of wave.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Seismogram


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Stowe Township, Pennsylvania

Stowe Township is a township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 6,362 at the 2010 census.

It is located in the Sto-Rox School District, which serves both Stowe Township and the neighboring borough of McKees Rocks. All locations in Stowe Township have McKees Rocks addresses.

Stowe Township has partnered with the Allegheny Together organization to revitalize its main business district on Broadway Avenue.

The area is served by Port Authority bus routes 21, 22, and 24.

Geography
Stowe Township is located at 40.47944°N, -80.07389°W (40.479668, -80.07389).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 2.3 sqmi, of which 2.0 sqmi is land and 0.4 sqmi, or 15.38%, is water.

Neighborhoods

 * Island Heights, only accessible through Kennedy Township, located on a slope overlooking Neville Island
 * Pittock, very small Italian neighborhood located just off PA 51 Northbound, before the Fleming Park Bridge
 * West Park, a mixed residential and commercial neighborhood, where the majority of the buildings were built in the 1920s
 * Pleasant Ridge, a mixed-income housing development
 * Presston, a very small neighborhood of duplex townhomes, originally built as housing for the adjacent Pressed Steel Car Company. It was originally called Schoenville.
 * Norwood, a small, older neighborhood of small, mostly 2 story homes. This section of Stowe Township is inhabited by many families that are 2nd and 3rd generation Italian.

Surrounding and adjacent neighborhoods
Stowe Township has two land borders, with Kennedy Township to the west and McKees Rocks to the south. Across the Ohio River, Stowe Township runs adjacent with (from northeast to southwest) Neville Island (with direct link via Fleming Park Bridge), Avalon, Bellevue, and the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Marshall-Shadeland and Brighton Heights (which is not directly adjacent to Stowe but has a direct link with the eastern end of the McKees Rocks Bridge, which passes over the Marshall-Shadeland area first).

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,706 people, 3,061 households, and 1,805 families residing in the township. The population density was 3,391.4 PD/sqmi. There were 3,556 housing units at an average density of 1,798.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 90.44% White, 8.04% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.22% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. 0.42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 3,061 households, out of which 21.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.0% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.0% were non-families. 36.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the township the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.7 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $29,688, and the median income for a family was $36,688. Males had a median income of $31,151 versus $28,221 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,783. About 9.0% of families and 13.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.2% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Michael Musmanno, Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
 * William F. Cercone, Judge of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania
 * David S. Cercone, Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania; grandnephew of William Cercone

title: Stowe Township, Pennsylvania


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Wilkins Township, Pennsylvania

Wilkins Township is a township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 6,357 at the 2010 census. It is served by Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district, the 43rd District of the Pennsylvania State Senate, and the 34th District of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives.

Wilkins Township was named for William Wilkins (1779–1865), a politician from Pennsylvania who served in both houses of Congress and as U.S. Secretary of War.

History
The township was created from the eastern part of Pitt Township on November 10, 1821. Its territory originally stretched between the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers; from it sprang most of the municipalities between Pittsburgh on the west and Plum and Monroeville on the east.

Geography
Wilkins Township is located at 40.4225°N, -79.82333°W (40.422668, -79.823491). According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 2.6 square miles (6.8 km2), all land.

Watershed
The southeastern border of the township is denoted by Thompson Run, a tributary of Turtle Creek. The township is drained by Thompson Run and its tributaries Sawmill Run and Chalfant Run, which in turn has a tributary, Lougeay Run, which flows into the township from Penn Hills. The entire township lies within the Turtle Creek Watershed.

Transportation
Interstate 376 passes through the northern limb of the township, where it has an exit just as it enters eastbound from Churchill Borough, number 81 onto PA 791/Rodi Road/Yellow Belt northbound into Penn Hills. The business spur of U.S. Route 22 enters eastbound from Churchill, and is where the main commercial section of Wilkins township is located, including the Penn Center East shopping center. US Business 22 crosses Thompson Run from Wilkins Township to Monroeville over the Hall Station Bridge. PA 130 serves the southern portion of the township. The Union Railroad, following the Thompson Run valley, passes through the eastern fringe of the township.

Surrounding neighborhoods
Wilkins Township has eight borders, including Penn Hills to the north, Monroeville to the east, Turtle Creek to the southeast, East Pittsburgh to the south, North Braddock to the south-southwest, Chalfant to the southwest, Forest Hills to the west and Churchill to the northwest and north-northwest.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,917 people, 3,235 households, and 2,012 families residing in the township. The population density was 2,637.6 PD/sqmi. There were 3,432 housing units at an average density of 1,308.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 92.79% White, 4.38% African American, 0.09% Native American, 1.52% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. 0.45% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 3,235 households, out of which 19.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.9% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.73.

In the township the population was spread out, with 16.9% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 25.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $37,439, and the median income for a family was $47,882. Males had a median income of $37,127 versus $31,101 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,515. About 3.8% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Wilkins Township is served by the Woodland Hills School District.

title: Wilkins Township, Pennsylvania


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Harmony Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania

Harmony Township is a township and census-designated place in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,195 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.

Geography
Harmony Township is located in southeastern Beaver County at 40.60694°N, -80.22028°W (40.607217, -80.220321).

According to the United States Census Bureau, Harmony Township has a total area of 7.9 sqkm, of which 7.5 sqkm is land and 0.4 sqkm, or 5.21%, is water.

Surrounding and adjacent neighborhoods
Harmony Township has four land borders, including Baden to the north, Economy to the east, Ambridge to the southwest, and the Allegheny County neighborhood of Leet Township to the south. Across the Ohio River to the west, Harmony Township runs adjacent with Aliquippa.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,373 people, 1,439 households, and 991 families residing in the township. The population density was 1,176.3 PD/sqmi. There were 1,509 housing units at an average density of 526.2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the township was 97.48% White, 1.45% Black or African American, 0.12% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.56% of the population.

There were 1,439 households, out of which 23.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.1% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the township the population was spread out, with 19.1% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 26.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $37,056, and the median income for a family was $48,824. Males had a median income of $35,682 versus $24,464 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,663. About 2.6% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.


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Patterson Township, Pennsylvania

Patterson Township is a township that is located in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,132 at the time of the 2020 census.

It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.

Geography
Patterson Township is located in north-central Beaver County at 40.74667°N, -80.33222°W (40.746765, -80.332348).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 4.25 sqkm, of which 0.015 sqkm, or 0.35%, is water.

Surrounding and adjacent neighborhoods
Patterson Township has six land borders, including White Township to the north, Beaver Falls and Patterson Heights to the east, Fallston to the southeast, Brighton Township to the southwest, and Chippewa Township to the west.

Across the Beaver River, Patterson Township runs adjacent with New Brighton

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,029 people, 1,483 households, and 890 families residing in the township. The population density was 1,903.1 pd/sqmi. There were 1,332 housing units at an average density of 792.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 97.40% White, 1.47% African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.03% from other races, and 0.88% from two or more races. 0.66% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,261 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals living alone, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the township the population was spread out, with 22.1% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 23.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $41,364, and the median income for a family was $49,402. Males had a median income of $42,286 versus $24,459 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,982. About 3.5% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 13.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Patterson Township, Pennsylvania


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Chester Township, Pennsylvania

Chester Township is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,940 at the 2010 census, down from 4,604 at the 2000 census.

The Sun Center Studios are located in Chester Township.

History
Chester Township is one of the first districts established after William Penn's first visit in 1682. The first record of Chester Township is in court documents from 1683 where a grand jury of seventeen people were "Impannelled to take out a Convenient Highway leading from Providence to Chester."

During the American Revolutionary War, Chester township, which included the borough of Chester at the time, suffered greatly under the British Army. A list of the losses sustained was made and is preserved at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

Geography
Chester Township is located in southern Delaware County at 39.84528°N, -75.39361°W (39.845411, -75.393857). It is bordered to the south by the city of Chester, to the east by the borough of Upland, to the northeast by the borough of Brookhaven, to the north by Aston Township, and to the west by Upper Chichester Township.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 3.7 sqkm, all land. Chester Creek, a southeast-flowing tributary of the Delaware River, flows through the township.

2010 census
As of Census 2010, the racial makeup of the township was 16.9% White, 78.3% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 1.1% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.9% of the population.

As of the census of 2000, there were 4,604 people, 1,641 households, and 1,188 families residing in the township. The population density was 3,301.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,754 housing units at an average density of 1,257.8 /mi2. The racial makeup of the township was 22.72% White, 73.33% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.96% from other races, and 2.13% from two or more races. 2.06% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,641 households, out of which 39.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.1% were married couples living together, 30.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.31.

In the township the population was spread out, with 33.7% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.6 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there were 75.6 men.

The median income for a household in the township was $32,576, and the median income for a family was $34,391. Males had a median income of $31,845 versus $25,286 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,072. About 16.2% of families and 17.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.0% of those under age 18 and 23.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Residents in Chester Township are zoned to the Chester-Upland School District. Toby Farms Elementary School is the public elementary school in Chester Township. Residents are also zoned to Smedley Middle School and Chester High School.

Transportation
As of 2015, there were 13.79 mi of public roads in Chester Township, of which 3.94 mi were maintained by Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and 9.85 mi were maintained by the township.

Interstate 95 crosses the southern part of the township. It runs concurrently with U.S. Route 322 between Exit 3 and Exit 4.

Notable person

 * Samuel Edwards - U.S. Congressman from Pennsylvania

title: Chester Township, Pennsylvania


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Darby Township, Pennsylvania

Darby Township is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 9,264 as of the 2010 census. It is home to both residential areas and expansive industrial districts. Darby Township is home to a diverse population and its industrial districts are popular among shipping companies for their proximity to Philadelphia International Airport. It also is known for being made up of two non-contiguous geographical areas, requiring one to pass through at least two neighboring municipalities to make it from one end of Darby Township to the other. Darby Township is a distinct municipality from the nearby and similarly named Darby Borough and Upper Darby Township.

Early settlement
The area, now known as Darby Township, was settled almost immediately after the coming of William Penn (1682), and in 1683 was recognized as one of the localities where a permanent lodgement had been made but despite that fact, it is believed that the population was sparse for more than a quarter of a century. In 1682, Darby Friends' Meeting had been established. In the same year the first official record of Darby occurs in the list of collectors "to gather the assessment for the building of the court-house". Thomas Worth and Joshua Fearne were appointed to those offices for Darby, and Mons Stacker and William Cobb "for Amosland & Calcoone Hook". The latter was recognized as a distinct municipal district until 1686, when Calcoone Hook was made a part of Darby Township, and Amosland was annexed to Ridley. Calcon or Calkoen's Hook comprised all the territory between Cobb's Creek on the east, and the Mokormpates Kill or Muckinipattas Creek on the west, and derives its name from the Swedish word Kalkon (a turkey) and Walda Kalkoen (wild turkeys). Later the territory known by that name became restricted to that part lying south of the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad, while its eastern boundary was Morhorhootink, as shown in the atlas of the early grants in Delaware County.

Division of Upper and Lower Darby
The territory now constituting the townships of Upper and Lower Darby continued under one municipal government until 1747, when, for the convenience of the inhabitants, at a town-meeting, it was decided to separate the upper part from the lower in all matters save the levies made for the support of the poor. The lines thus agreed upon are not the township lines now existing, but Upper Darby, being less densely peopled, extended farther south. The inconveniences arising from the unofficial division so frequently presented themselves as a disturbing element in local government that forty years thereafter a petition was presented to the court. The following is an excerpt from this petition:

"Beginning at Cobb's Creek on the Northwest side of a tract of land belonging to the heirs of Joshua Ash and in the line of said land, thence along said line and the line of land late Enoch Bonsall's & Joshua Bonsall's to Darby Creek thence down the said Creek to the northwest line of John Ash's land, thence along said line and the line of Samuel Ash and Nathaniel Smith to the line of Ridley Township, and that the lower part may be called Darby and the other part Upper Darby."

Geography
Darby Township is located at 39.90778°N, -75.28917°W (39.907962, -75.289325).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.7 km$2$), of which 1.4 square miles (3.7 km$2$) is land and 0.70% is water. The township consists of two separate non-contiguous territories, with incorporated boroughs intervening.

Darby Township borders nine different municipalities: the City of Philadelphia, Sharon Hill Borough, Colwyn Borough, Folcroft Borough, Glenolden Borough, Ridley Township, Upper Darby Township, Aldan Borough, and Collingdale Borough.

2020
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,264 people, 3,731 households, and 2,466 families residing in the township. The population density was 6,617.1 PD/sqmi. There were 3,926 housing units at an average density of 2,804.3 /mi2. The racial makeup of the township was 57.7% White, 38.9% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. 2.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 3,731 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 23.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 15.0% from 25 to 34, 17.5% from 35 to 49, 19.9% from 50 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $37,396, and the median income for a family was $43,357. Males had a median income of $36,259 versus $29,711 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,179. About 10.7% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
As of 2018, there were 16.52 mi of public roads in Darby Township, of which 2.20 mi were maintained by Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and 14.32 mi were maintained by the township.

No numbered highways traverse Darby Township. Main thoroughfares include Hook Road in the southeastern portion of the township and Oak Lane in the northwestern portion.

SEPTA provides Suburban Bus service to Darby Township along Route 107, which runs between Lawrence Park and the 69th Street Transportation Center, Route 113, which runs between Claymont station in Claymont, Delaware, and the 69th Street Transportation Center, and Route 115, which runs between Delaware County Community College, the Darby Transportation Center, and the Philadelphia International Airport.

Government
Darby Township is a First Class Township. It employs the Council-Manager form of government. The Assistant township manager is Matthew Judge. The council is the Board of Commissioners, which consists of five Commissioners, each representing a different Ward. The 1st and 2nd Wards are located in the southern part of the Township. The 1st Ward is represented by Racquel Holman (D). The 2nd Ward is represented by Rickard Womack (D). Womack serves as President of the Board of Commissioners. The 3rd, 4th, and 5th Wards are located in the northern part of the Township. The 3rd Ward is represented by Joseph DiLuzio (R). DiLuzio serves as Vice President of the Board of Commissioners. The 4th Ward is represented by Thomas Orlando (R). The 5th Ward is represented by Robert Gougler (R).

The Township Tax Collector is Barry Merlino (R) and the Township Controller is Paul Strus (R). The district judge for Darby Township is Judge Steven A. Sandone, Esq.

The U.S. Senators currently serving from Pennsylvania are Sen. Bob Casey Jr. (D) and Sen. John Fetterman (D).

Darby Township is in the 5th District of Pennsylvania in the U.S. House of Representatives. The 5th District is represented by Rep. Mary Gay Scanlon (D). Darby Township is in the 8th District for the Pennsylvania State Senate in the Pennsylvania General Assembly. The 8th District is represented by State Sen. Anthony Hardy Williams (D). Darby Township is spread over the 162nd and 185th Districts for the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in the Pennsylvania General Assembly. The 162nd District is represented by Rep. David M Delloso (D). The 185th District is represented by Rep. Maria P Doantucci (D).

Education
Darby Township is serviced by Southeast Delco School District. Students living in Darby Township first attend the Kindergarten Center, which is located in Darby Township. Most students attend Darby Township School, which is also located in Darby Township, for grades 1–8; some are zoned to Delcroft School in Folcroft and Sharon Hill School in Sharon Hill. For high school, students attend Academy Park High School, which is located in Sharon Hill Borough.

Darby Township is home to two public libraries. The Lee Taliaferro Library is located on Hook Road, and the Loretta Touni Library is located on Garfield Ave.

Fire companies
Darby Township and its neighboring communities are protected by three volunteer fire companies. Two of these companies are located in the northern end of Darby Township. The Briarcliffe Fire Company consists of two engines, one ambulance and one utility vehicle. Goodwill Fire Company is also located in the northern end of Darby Township. It consists of one ladder, one pumper, one mini-pumper, and one transport utility vehicle. Darby Township Fire Company No. 4 is located in the southern end of Darby Township, and it consists of two firetrucks and one pickup truck.

The Briarcliffe Fire company fire was temporarily shut down following allegations of racist remarks by firefighters who thought their video call conversation was private.

title: Darby Township, Pennsylvania


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Nether Providence Township, Pennsylvania

Nether Providence Township is a first class township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Many residents refer to the township by the name of its largest community, Wallingford, because the Wallingford postal code is used for most of the township. The population of the township was 13,706 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Nether Providence Township is located in central Delaware County at 39.89444°N, -75.37361°W (39.894612, -75.373705). It is bordered to the north by the borough of Media, the county seat. Other neighboring municipalities are Upper Providence Township to the north; Springfield Township, the borough of Swarthmore, and Ridley Township to the east; the city of Chester to the south; and the boroughs of Brookhaven and Rose Valley to the west.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 12.2 sqkm, of which 0.02 sqkm, or 0.17%, is water. Crum Creek forms the eastern boundary of the township, and Ridley Creek forms the western and southern border. Nether Providence's commercial area or downtown is located on Providence Road between the bridge over SEPTA's Media/Wawa line and Wallingford Avenue.

History
The first recorded inhabitants of Nether Providence Township were Native Americans of the Lenape tribe, who lived in the area for about five hundred years, but by 1740 few remained. On August 14, 1682, two months before William Penn's landing in Chester, John Sharpless came to the area. Penn had given Sharpless a thousand-acre (4-km$2$) tract, and he settled near Ridley Creek. By the time Penn arrived, there were several small settlements in the area, which became known as Providence Township. Providence Township comprised today's Nether Providence, Rose Valley, Media, and Upper Providence. On October 17, 1683, the residents of Providence Township petitioned the Court of Chester County, of which they were then a part, to establish a road from Providence to Chester. The court approved the creation of Providence Great Road (now Route 252).

Nether Providence went through four distinct phases from farming, to manufacturing, to resort, and finally, to residential community. By 1729, the area was producing sufficient crops to allow exporting to New England, Canada, and Europe.

Fourteen major mill complexes were built in Nether Providence, six on Crum Creek and eight on Ridley Creek. The first, a cotton mill along Crum Creek, was started by Thomas Allen in 1763. He named his mill for his hometown, Wallingford, England. The mills played an essential part in the growth of Nether Providence. Millhands lived in the self-contained villages that grew up around the mills.

After the Civil War, wealthy Philadelphians built summer residences and vacation resorts in the area.

The first railway was the Leiper Railroad, a horse-drawn quarry rail line, constructed in 1809–1810 and used to haul cut stone until about 1828. That early rail line was superseded by the Leiper Canal. The first steam-locomotive train came through in 1854; it used a single track with a sidetrack at Wallingford. The first post office in Nether Providence was established at Hinkson's Corner in 1873. Trolleys also contributed to the area's development. The first independent trolley was the Chester and Media Electric Railway, chartered in 1892. The last trolley through the township closed in 1938. The Nether Providence Police Department was established in 1935, and automobile parking was regulated in 1947 and speed in 1949.

Three sites within the township, Wolley Stille, the Thomas Leiper Estate, and Westlawn are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Demographics
As of Census 2010, the racial makeup of the township was 85.6% White, 7.0% African American, 0.1% Native American, 5.2% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the population.

As of the census of 2000, there were 13,456 people, 5,007 households, and 3,755 families residing in the township. The population density was 2,857.7 PD/sqmi. There were 5,125 housing units at an average density of 1,088.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 90.08% White, 6.12% African American, 0.10% Native American, 2.34% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 1.06% from two or more races. 1.13% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 5,007 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.3% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the township the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $68,059, and the median income for a family was $78,491. Males had a median income of $72,370 versus $49,048 for females. The per capita income for the township was $32,946. About 3.1% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.2% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The first area school started in 1810. Nether Providence Township currently lies within the Wallingford-Swarthmore School District, created by a merger between the Nether Providence and Swarthmore-Rutledge School Districts in 1983. Public school students within the township attend either Nether Providence Elementary School, Swarthmore-Rutledge School or Wallingford Elementary School for grades K-5, depending on where they live. Strath Haven Middle School serves students in grades 6–8, and Strath Haven High School serves students in grades 9-12.

The township's only parochial school is the Mother of Providence Regional Catholic School, located in the southern part of the township, in Wallingford. It formed in 2012 from a merger of St. John Chrysostom in Wallingford and Nativity BVM School in Media. Originally Nativity BVM was to be the location of the merged school, but St. John Chrystosom appealed and the archdiocese changed its decision. Notre Dame Catholic Girls High School was formerly in Moylan. In 1981 it closed.

The township is also serviced by the Helen Kate Furness Free Library.

Transportation
As of 2018, there were 62.89 mi of public roads in Nether Providence Township, of which 17.45 mi were maintained by Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and 45.44 mi were maintained by the township.

Interstate 476 runs up the east side of the township near Crum Creek, with access from Exit 3 (Baltimore Pike). Pennsylvania Route 252 follows Providence Road along a northwest-southeast alignment through the center of the township, while Pennsylvania Route 320 follows a southwest-northeast alignment through the southeastern corner of the township.

The township is served by SEPTA public transportation. Train stations in the township along SEPTA Regional Rail's Media/Wawa Line include: Moylan–Rose Valley, and Wallingford. SEPTA's Route 101 trolley line passes through the township along its route between Media and the 69th Street Transportation Center. SEPTA provides Suburban Bus service to Nether Providence Township along Route 109, which runs between the Chester Transportation Center and the 69th Street Transportation Center, Route 110, which runs between Penn State Brandywine and the 69th Street Transportation Center, and Route 118, which runs between the Chester Transportation Center and Newtown Square.

Religious institutions
Several religious congregations serve Nether Providence.

Holy Trinity Lutheran Church
Holy Trinity is a Lutheran church located approximately at the intersection of Harvey Road and route 252.

Ohev Shalom
Congregation Ohev Shalom is a synagogue located on route 320, at approximately the junction with route 252.

St. John Chrysostom
St. John Chrysostom is a Roman Catholic church on route 252, across from Springhaven Country Club.

Wallingford Presbyterian Church
Wallingford Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church located at the intersection of Brookhaven Road and Avondale Road.

Greater Philadelphia Baptist Church
Formerly occupied by Zion African Methodist Episcopal, the church building was occupied by the Greater Philadelphia Church in 2015. It is located in South Media at the intersection of Manchester Ave. and Wallingford Ave.

Leiper Church
The historic Leiper church is located on Fairview Road in Ridley. In 2015, it became home to Holy Myrrh Bearers Ukrainian Catholic church.

Government and communities
Major communities in Nether Providence are Garden City, South Media and Wallingford. The South Media Fire Company was organized in 1922 and Garden City Fire Company in 1944. Ambulance service is provided by the Media Fire Company and Parkside Fire Company. The Moylan community near Rose Valley is also within Nether Providence Township, as are the Bowling Green, Park Ridge, Pine Ridge, and Wesley Manor communities located north of Baltimore Pike.

Garden City
Within Garden City area are the Waterville, Lapidea, Putnum Village, and Crum Creek Manor sections. The Crum Creek Manor section is known for its circular layout. Putnam Village is usually considered within the Garden City community. Garden City is known as a working class blue collar area, made up of row houses and ranch houses built for returning World War II veterans in the 1940s.

The small community of Garden City is located in the southernmost part of Nether Providence. It borders Chester city to the south, where it is cut off by Ridley Creek. It lies southwest of the intersection where Route 252 (South Providence Road) and Route 320 (Chester Road) meet, and it is cut off by Route 252 (or sometimes Harvey Road) at the east. The north and west borders of the community are disputed. Moore Road or Georgetown Road are loosely used as the northern border for Garden City. West Brookhaven Road (or in some cases Putnam Village) is often used as the western border of Garden City.

Garden City is home to the Garden City Fire Co., the Foundry Church, and the Creekside Swim Club. Nether Providence Elementary School is the elementary school for the Garden City Community and is often considered within Garden City.

South Media
South Media is an unincorporated community bordering the southern edge of Media. The neighborhood lies within the Media, PA 19063 postal code. It lies north of Wallingford and Rose Valley and west of North Providence Road. East Baltimore Avenue is usually considered the northern border. It is a diverse working class to lower middle class community, and it is known as having a large African American population. It is home to the South Media Fire Co., the oldest fire company in Nether Providence.

Moylan
Moylan is an unincorporated community, founded on the land and tax reform principles of Henry George, located partially in Nether Providence township and partially in Rose Valley Borough. It is home to the Moylan – Rose Valley commuter train station on the Media/Wawa Line, which is located on Manchester Avenue. To the north Moylan borders the township of Upper Providence and the unincorporated community of South Media. The southern boundary is sometimes disputed, but it is approximately Rose Valley Road.

Wallingford
Wallingford is an unincorporated community in the middle of Nether Providence. Wallingford usually refers to the area in between Brookhaven Road, Route 252, Rosevalley Road and Avondale Road. The neighborhood of South Wallingford is also in Wallingford.

Bowling Green
Bowling Green is a neighborhood of detached houses north of Baltimore Pike bordering Media Borough. Streets in Bowling Green are Mulberry Lane, Bent Road, Quaint Road, Twyckenham Road, Truepenny Road, Luckie Lane, Hidden Acres Lane and Surrey Road while west of Beatty Road.

Pine Ridge
Pine Ridge is a neighborhood of detached houses north of Baltimore Pike. Streets in Pine Ridge are Hemlock Road, Beechwood Road and Pine Ridge Road. Pine Ridge is zoned to go to Swarthmore-Rutledge School even though it is in Nether Providence Township.

Wesley Manor
Wesley Manor is a neighborhood of detached houses north of Baltimore Pike. Streets in Wesley Manor are Meredith Drive, Springlawn Drive, and Surrey Road while east of Beatty Road.

Sproul Estates
Sproul Estate is a neighborhood of detached houses north and west of Bullens Lane and bordered on the west by 320. It is named after William Cameron Sproul, where he resided.

Notable people

 * Horace Howard Furness
 * William Henry Furness III
 * Horace H. F. Jayne
 * Thomas Leiper
 * Albert Cook Myers


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Radnor Township, Pennsylvania

Radnor Township, often called simply Radnor, is a first class township with home rule status in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States.

Radnor Township is part of the famed Main Line of Philadelphia. As of the 2019 United States census, the township's population was 31875. Radnor Township is the largest municipality in Delaware County by land area and the fourth-largest by population, following Upper Darby Township, Haverford Township, and Chester.

Radnor Township is one of the oldest municipalities in Pennsylvania. Radnor Township was founded as a part of the Welsh tract. The original settlers were Welsh-speaking Quakers, led by John Roberts, in an attempt to establish a barony of Wales in Pennsylvania. In about 1681, a group of Welsh Quakers met with William Penn to secure a grant of land in which they could conduct their affairs in their own language. The parties agreed on a tract covering 40,000 acre, to be constituted as a separate county whose people and government could conduct their affairs in Welsh. William Penn, an English Quaker, laid out the township in an elongated rectangle located parallel to the Schuylkill River, and the borders of the township have remained unchanged since its founding in 1682.

In 1717, the Welsh Friends built a meeting house on a trail made by the Susquehannock in Radnor Township. Radnor Township grew around the meeting house and remained the center of population of the township for 200 years. The new township was named Radnor after the county in Wales called Radnorshire. The influence of the Welsh, some of whom were forced by heavy taxation to sell their land, waned in the latter half of the 18th century. A hint of Radnor's beginnings remain in the names of streets and places evident throughout the community, such as the St. Davids neighborhood, named for Saint David, the patron saint of Wales.

There are a number colleges and universities located in Radnor Township, of which the two largest are Villanova University and Cabrini University. The Valley Forge Military Academy and College is located in the neighborhood of Wayne and Eastern University is located in the neighborhood of St. Davids.

Colonial era
In 1681, Richard Davies purchased 5,000 acres from William Penn. These lands were sold to various purchasers and were mainly in the location of current Radnor Township. The township was part of the Welsh Tract and was named for Radnorshire in Wales. In 1717, the Welsh Friends erected a Quaker meetinghouse (Radnor Friends Meetinghouse) near what is now the intersection of Conestoga Road and Sproul Road at the geographic center of the township. The new town, "Radnorville", later known as the community of "Ithan" after nearby Ithan Creek, grew around the meetinghouse. The Welsh influence waned in the late 18th century as many left the area due to high taxation. Stone monuments were erected in various locations throughout the township in the late 20th century to commemorate the township's Welsh heritage.

18th century
In 1794, the Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike was built through Radnor Township, making it the first toll road in the United States, and connecting the cities of Philadelphia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The turnpike was populated by businesses over time and forms the modern Lancaster Avenue. Lancaster Avenue is the largest and busiest roadway in Radnor Township that is not an interstate, and along it lies many notable places, including Villanova University and Downtown Wayne.

The Columbia Railroad, later part of the Pennsylvania Railroad also passed through the township in 1832. As a result, Radnor Township is today recognized among the collection of Philadelphia suburbs known as the Main Line. The Main Line railroad facilities are still used by SEPTA (the Philadelphia area's transit authority) for its Paoli/Thorndale Line and Amtrak.

19th and 20th centuries
In the 1880s, George W. Childs bought property in the community of Louella in the western part of Radnor Township, renamed the area Wayne, Pennsylvania (after American Revolutionary War hero Anthony Wayne) and organized one of the United States's first suburban developments.

A separate railroad passing through Radnor Township, the Philadelphia and Western Railroad, was opened in the early 20th century. Today, parts of that railroad are still used as SEPTA's Norristown High Speed Line, while others have been repurposed into walking trails.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 13.8 mi2, of which 13.8 mi2 is land and 0.07% is water. Waterways in Radnor Township include Darby Creek, Ithan Creek, Little Darby Creek, Meadowbrook Run, and Gulph Creek.

Climate
Radnor Township has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) and the hardiness zone is 7a. Average monthly temperatures in St. Davids range from 30.7 °F in January to 75.4 °F in July.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Tredyffrin Township-northwest
 * Upper Merion Township-north and northeast
 * Lower Merion Township-east
 * Haverford Township-southeast
 * Marple Township-south
 * Newtown Township-southwest
 * Easttown Township-west

Neighborhoods
Radnor Township is divided into many neighborhoods. Some of these neighborhoods are well-defined, while others have unclear boundaries. The unincorporated community of Wayne is further divided into smaller historic districts: the North Wayne Historic District and South Wayne Historic District, used as residential areas, and the Downtown Wayne Historic District used for commercial activity. Some mainly residential neighborhoods include St. Davids, Ithan and Rosemont. The unincorporated communities of Garrett Hill and Villanova are notable for their substantial Catholic populations. Some neighborhoods, such as Strafford and Bryn Mawr, are split over municipal lines and are shared by at least one other township adjacent to Radnor.

Racial breakdown
As of 2010 census, the racial makeup of the township was 85.8% White, 3.9% African American, 0.2% Native American, 7.9% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population Explore Census Data.

As of the 2000 census, there were 30,878 people, 10,347 households, and 6,373 families residing in the township. The population density was 2,244.3 PD/sqmi. There were 10,731 housing units at an average density of 779.9 /mi2. The racial makeup of the township was 89.55% White, 5.67% Asian, 3.09% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.62% from other races, and 0.98% from two or more races. 2.03% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Familial size
There were 10,347 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.4% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.08.

Age and poverty
In the township, the population was spread out, with 19.5% under the age of 18, 24.0% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.6 males.

According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the township was $86,812, and the median income for a family was $113,601. Males had a median income of $71,308 versus $42,652 for females. The per capita income for the township was $39,813. About 2.4% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.9% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over.

Religion
The population of Radnor Township in 2010 was 31,531. Of these, about 20,337 (64.5%) were estimated to belong to some form of organized religion. Pennsylvania was unique in its guarantee of religious freedoms, one result of this uncommon freedom was a wide religious diversity, which continues to the present.

Quakerism was brought to Radnor after William Penn granted Welsh settlers land west of Philadelphia to establish the Welsh Tract. The Radnor Friends Meetinghouse was built in 1717. Beginning in the nineteenth century, an influx of Irish, Italian, and Polish immigrants to the Delaware Valley caused the growth of Catholic neighborhoods in Garrett Hill and Villanova. The development of these Catholic communities expanded further with the foundation of Villanova University and Cabrini University.

According to Sperling's BestPlaces, the largest religious group in Radnor Township is the Catholic Church, represented by the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Almost half of Radnor residents identify as Catholics, and there are more Catholic parishes in Radnor than any other religious group. According to the Archdiocese of Philadelphia, Radnorites are served by five parishes: St. Thomas of Villanova Parish, St. Katharine of Siena Parish, SS. Colman and John Neumann Parish, Our Mother of Good Counsel Parish, and St. Monica Parish.

St. David's Episcopal Church is one of the oldest houses of worship in Radnor and one of the oldest in the United States. Its parish is divided between Radnor and Newtown Township in Delaware County, as well as Easttown Township in Chester County. St. David's Episcopal Parish is the largest in the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania.

Languages
As of 2000, 90.57% (26,115) of Radnor residents aged five and older spoke only English at home, while 9.43% (2,720) spoke any language besides English. Among the largest were Spanish (2.46%), French (0.99%) and Chinese (0.87%).

Landmarks
St. Thomas of Villanova Church in Villanova is known for its Gothic revival architecture. The church, built between 1883 and 1887, is considered to have been the tallest man-made structure between the Delaware River and Lancaster at the time of its construction. Today, the church is nearly entirely whitewashed on the interior and lit by blue stained glass windows. Much of the original decoration has been preserved, although moved to different locations in the parish and campus. The windows enclosing the nave depict the life of St. Augustine.

St. David's Episcopal Church, whose graveyard, and buildings begun in 1715, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The grave yard hosts many founders including the celebrated revolutionary General “Mad” Anthony Wayne.

The Bridge in Radnor Township No.1, Bridge in Radnor Township No.2, Camp-Woods, Chanticleer, Downtown Wayne Historic District, Glenays, North Wayne Historic District, Pennsylvania Railroad Station at Wayne, Radnor Friends Meetinghouse, South Wayne Historic District, Wayne Hotel, and Woodcrest are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Other historic structures in Radnor Township include the Sorrel Horse, a former tavern located on Conestoga Road that sheltered George Washington and Lafayette during the Continental Army's retreat back to Philadelphia from the Battle of Brandywine.

Economy
Lincoln Financial Group is headquartered in Radnor Township. In 2007 the company moved 400 employees, including its top executives, to Radnor from Philadelphia. Other companies based in Radnor Township include, J. G. Wentworth, TV Guide magazine, and Airgas.

Top employers
According to Radnor Township's 2013 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Public schools
Pupils in Radnor Township attend Radnor Township School District. Radnor High School and Radnor Middle School are the sole public high and middle schools of the district. There are three elementary schools in the RTSD: Radnor Elementary School, Ithan Elementary School, and Wayne Elementary School.

Private schools
Archbishop John Carroll High School, a Roman Catholic High School in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Valley Forge Military Academy and College contains a boarding school program for seventh through twelfth grades. The Agnes Irwin School is an all-girls school for prekindergarten through twelfth grade. St. Katharine of Siena is a Catholic school in Wayne for students in kindergarten through eighth grade. The Hill Top Preparatory School is a school located in Ithan for students with learning disabilities in fifth through twelfth grade. Armenian Sisters Academy, an Armenian primary school, has a Radnor postal address but is located in Upper Merion Township.

Colleges and universities
Villanova University, Eastern University, and Cabrini University are located within Radnor Township. Valley Forge Military Academy and College operates a two-year junior college.

Sports
Radnor Township is home to the Villanova Wildcats, the NCAA Division I athletic program of Villanova University, the Cabrini Cavaliers, the NCAA Division III athletic program of Cabrini University, and the Eastern Eagles, the NCAA Division III athletic program of Eastern University.

The Villanova Wildcats have a storied athletic program, the pinnacle of which being their men's basketball program. The Wildcats are consistently ranked among the AP Top 25, and won the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament in 1985, 2016, and 2018. Each of these championships featured celebrations by students at the intersection of Lancaster and Ithan Avenues.

The Cabrini Cavaliers won their first NCAA Division III Men's Lacrosse Championship in 2019, defeating the Amherst Mammoths by a score of 16–12.

Public transportation
Radnor Township is serviced by SEPTA Regional Rail's Paoli/Thorndale Line which has stations within the township at Wayne, St. Davids, Radnor, and Villanova. Eastern Radnor Township is served by SEPTA's Norristown High Speed Line, an interurban heavy rail line. Within Radnor Township, there are seven stations located at Bryn Mawr, Roberts Road, Garrett Hill, Stadium – Ithan Avenue, Villanova, Radnor, and County Line.

SEPTA Suburban Bus Route 106 runs through the center of Radnor Township via Lancaster Avenue, excluding a brief deviation along King of Prussia and Radnor-Chester Roads to service the Norristown High Speed Line's Radnor Station and Paoli/Thorndale Line's Radnor Station. The 106 serves the communities of Rosemont, Villanova, St. Davids, Radnor, and Wayne with westbound access to Paoli and eastbound access to the 69th Street Transportation Center in Upper Darby. The 105 bus formerly drove a route similar to that of the 106, but a 2016 schedule change moved the route's western terminus to Rosemont Station, on Montrose Avenue near the border of Radnor Township and Lower Merion Township. Since 2017, the route runs parallel to Radnor Township's border on Airedale Road, but never enters the township.

Roads and highways
As of 2018, there were 118.96 mi of public roads in Radnor Township, of which 33.59 mi were maintained by Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and 85.37 mi were maintained by the township.

Highways serving Radnor Township include U.S. Route 30, which passes east–west through the township on Lancaster Avenue (part of the historical Lincoln Highway), Pennsylvania Route 320, which passes north–south through the township along Sproul Road and Spring Mill Road; and Interstate 476, which passes north–south through the township on the Blue Route and has an interchange with US 30.

Healthcare
The corporate offices of Main Line Health and Thomas Jefferson University's Marcus Institute clinic are both located in the Radnor Financial Center. In 2020, Penn Medicine opened a hospital next to the Blue Route called Penn Medicine Radnor.

Notable people

 * Jacob M. Appel, novelist, Einstein's Beach House
 * Jane Barkman, Olympian
 * David Brooks, journalist
 * Randal Kleiser, movie director, Grease and The Blue Lagoon
 * Thomas F. Wilson, actor, Biff in Back to the Future
 * Joshua Wurman, atmospheric scientist

In popular culture
Taps was filmed at Valley Forge Military Academy and College.

title: Radnor Township, Pennsylvania


text:
Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania

Tinicum Township, also known as Tinicum Island or The Island, is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 4,091 at the 2010 census, down from 4,353 at the 2000 census. Included within the township's boundaries are the communities of Essington and Lester.

John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum is located in the township and attracts visitors year-round. Philadelphia International Airport's international terminal, the western end of the airfield, and runways 9L/27R and 9R/27L are also located in the township.

History
Tinicum Township has the distinction of being the site of the first recorded European settlement in Pennsylvania. Fort Nya Gothenborg, located on the South River, was settled by colonial Swedes in 1643. It served as capital of the New Sweden colony, under the rule of Royal Governor Johan Björnsson Printz. Governor Printz built his manor house, The Printzhof, on Tinicum Island, from which he administered the colony. The original Lenape called the place Mahtanikunk, meaning "where they catch up with each other". The township is the site of the Philadelphia Lazaretto, the first quarantine hospital in the United States. It and the Printzhof are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Tinicum Township is located in southeastern Delaware County at 39.86889°N, -75.28806°W (39.868962, -75.288273). It is bordered to the south by the Delaware River, to the west and northwest by Darby Creek, and to the northeast by the city of Philadelphia. The township borders the state of New Jersey at the center of the Delaware River. The unincorporated community of Essington is in the western part of the township, and Lester is directly to its east. The western part of Philadelphia International Airport takes up nearly all of the center and eastern parts of the township. The John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge lies along Darby Creek on the northwestern side of the township.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 22.7 sqkm, of which 14.9 sqkm is land and 7.8 sqkm, or 34.33%, is water. It has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and average monthly temperatures in Essington range from 33.6 °F in January to 78.4 °F in July. The hardiness zone is mainly 7b with a little area of 7a and the average annual absolute minimum temperature in Essington is 5.2 °F.

Demographics
As of 2010 census, the racial makeup of the township was 93.7% White, 1.7% African American, 0.2% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.

Economy
When Scott Paper Company was an independent company, it had its headquarters in International Plaza (Scott Plaza) in Tinicum Township.

Education
Tinicum Township is part of the Interboro School District. Tinicum Township is the district's only township, since the remaining municipalities having borough status. Tinicum School and Interboro High School (which is in Prospect Park) serve the township.

All-State Career School has two campuses in the Tinicum Township, in Lester and Essington.

Transportation
As of 2018, there were 29.22 mi of public roads in Tinicum Township, of which 10.00 mi were maintained by Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and 19.22 mi were maintained by the township.

Interstate 95 is the main highway serving Tinicum Township. It follows the Delaware Expressway along an east-west alignment through northwestern sections of the township. Pennsylvania Route 291 follows Industrial Highway parallel to and slightly south of I-95. Pennsylvania Route 420 begins at PA 291, heads north, interchanges with I-95, and exits the northwestern edge of the township.

Part of Philadelphia International Airport lies within Tinicum Township.

SEPTA provides bus service to Tinicum Township along City Bus Route 37, which runs between the Chester Transportation Center and South Philadelphia via the Philadelphia International Airport, City Bus Route 68, which runs between the 69th Street Transportation Center and South Philadelphia, Suburban Bus Route 108, which runs between the 69th Street Transportation Center and the Philadelphia International Airport, and Suburban Bus Route 115, which runs between Delaware County Community College, the Darby Transportation Center, and the Philadelphia International Airport.

Taxation
Employers who maintain worksites in Pennsylvania or employ individuals who may work from their homes are required to withhold applicable Earned Income Tax (EIT) from those employees. This is a result of Act 32, which consolidated the tax collecting entities for the state of Pennsylvania. The current Earned Income tax rate for Tinicum Township workers is 1.0%. This tax must be withheld from employee pay and paid to the representative of the local tax collector, Keystone Collections Group.

Birth of stromboli
The stromboli is reported by Peter Romano to have originated in 1950 in Tinicum Township at Romano's Italian Restaurant & Pizzeria, by his grandfather Nazzareno Romano. There, William Schofield supposedly gave it the name, after the movie Stromboli, starring Ingrid Bergman. Others claim that the stromboli was the brainchild of Mike Aquino Sr., and that he created it in Spokane, Washington, in 1954.


text:
Upper Providence Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania

Upper Providence Township is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States, located around and to the north of the borough of Media, and approximately 15 mi west of center city Philadelphia. The population was 10,142 at the 2010 census. The township lies between Ridley Creek on the west and Crum Creek on the east. Most of Ridley Creek State Park is in the township, towards the northern edge. Zoning is 98% residential, 1% commercial and 1% industrial, with minimal space zoned to commercial business.

History
The area was settled about 1683 and formed into Providence Township. On October 17, 1683, the residents of Providence Township petitioned the Court of Chester County, of which they were then a part, to establish a road from Providence to Chester. The court approved the creation of Providence Great Road (now Route 252). Upper Providence Township and Nether Providence Township, Pennsylvania split in 1687. The borough of Media was formed in 1850 from pieces of both townships.

Water power was used extensively in the township's early history, with local mills including Sycamore Mills or Bishop's Mills built on Ridley Creek in 1718, Robinett Grist Mill (1687), Malin's Grist Mill (1770), Register's Nail Factory (1812), and Palmer's Mills (1802).

The first school in the township was the Blue Hill School near Chapel and Providence roads, started with money left by Quaker James Turner in his 1787 will. The Union Library on Sycamore Mill Road opened in 1813 and had over 800 volumes by 1843. Sandy Bank School opened in 1836, was rebuilt 1905, and enlarged in 1926. Lower Banks School opened in 1872. The Rose Tree Union School District was established in 1947.

The Rose Tree Tavern, built in 1739, was a well-known inn in the late 19th century as a summer resort for Philadelphians. Steeplechase races and fox hunts were held there by the Rose Tree Hunt Club. It still stands after having been moved and renovated ahead of the PA 252 road widening project of 2013, reopening its doors in 2011 as a tourism office in Rose Tree Park.

Media Cemetery was established in 1857 and merged with West Media Cemetery in 1928 to create the current 21-acre sized cemetery.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 15.0 sqkm, of which 14.5 sqkm is land and 0.5 sqkm, or 3.57%, is water. The noted Rose Tree Park is located in Upper Providence Township, but is owned and managed by Delaware County; the township does have other various parks, including Cherry Street Park, Houtman Park, Ray Roche Park, Louis Scott Park, and Berman Park.

Demographics
As of Census 2010, the racial makeup of the township was 89.8% White, 3.9% African American, 0.0% Native American, 4.3% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.

As of the census of 2000, there were 10,509 people, 4,075 households, and 2,828 families residing in the township. The population density was 1,879.6 PD/sqmi. There were 4,299 housing units at an average density of 768.9 /mi2. The racial makeup of the township was 91.83% White, 3.90% Black or African American, 0.08% Native American, 3.05% Asian, 0.29% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.07% of the population.

There were 4,075 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $107,166, and the median income for a family was $130,450. Males had a median income of $99,848 versus $75,491 for females. The per capita income for the township was $55,532. About 1.3% of families and 3.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 3.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Upper Providence Township lies within the Rose Tree Media School District, created in 1966 by a merger with the Rose Tree Union and Media Borough School Districts.

Public school students residing within the township attend either Rose Tree Elementary School, in the township boundaries, or Media Elementary School for grades K-5, depending on where they live. Springton Lake Middle School (located within township boundaries) serves students in grades 6–8, and Penncrest High School serves students in grades 9–12.

The Walden School and Benchmark School are the only two private schools in the township.

St. Mary Magdalen School is the township's only parochial school.

Cardinal O'Hara High School is the local parochial high school located one mile outside Upper Providence Township.

Pennsylvania Institute of Technology is in the township.

The township is served by the Media-Upper Providence Free Library.

Transportation
As of 2019, there were 55.59 mi of public roads in Upper Providence Township, of which 17.56 mi were maintained by Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and 38.03 mi were maintained by the township.

The township's road system is made up of many local roads and a few major roads that are maintained by PennDOT, such as US 1, PA 252 (both Providence Road and Palmer's Mill Road), Rose Tree Road, Baltimore Pike, Bishop Hollow Road, Ridley Creek Road, Kirk Lane, and others, with most traffic volume occurring at the interchange between PA 252 and US 1 (Media Bypass), where Kirk Lane and Rose Tree Road are also both within a tenth of a mile of the interchange and contribute to the traffic volume of the interchange area.

The township is served by SEPTA public transportation. The Media station along SEPTA Regional Rail's Media/Wawa Line is in the township. SEPTA provides Suburban Bus service to Upper Providence Township along Route 110, which runs between Penn State Brandywine and the 69th Street Transportation Center, and Route 118, which runs between the Chester Transportation Center and Newtown Square.

Notable people

 * John Cassin (1813–1869), ornithologist born in Upper Providence Township
 * Frank Furness (1839–1912), architect


text:
Wilkes-Barre Township, Pennsylvania

Wilkes-Barre Township is a township with home rule status in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is adjacent to the city of Wilkes-Barre. The population of the township was 3,219 at the 2020 census.

Founding
In 1753, the Susquehanna Company was formed in Connecticut for settling the Wyoming Valley in present-day Pennsylvania. Connecticut succeeded in purchasing the land from the Native Americans; however, Pennsylvania already claimed the valley through a purchase they made in 1736. In 1762, roughly two hundred Connecticut settlers (Yankees) established a settlement near Mill Creek. They planted wheat and constructed log cabins. They returned to New England for the winter.

Massacre of 1763
The Connecticut settlers returned in the spring of 1763 with their families. A party of Iroquois also visited the area with the dual purpose of inciting the Lenape and killing Teedyuscung, a local Delaware chief. On April 19, 1763, the residence of the chief and twenty others around it were set ablaze. Teedyuscung, under the influence of liquor, perished in the inferno. This was revenge for the death of an Iroquois warrior in 1758. The Iroquois allowed for the Delaware to believe that this atrocity was committed by the settlers. As a result, the Delaware attacked the colonists on October 15, 1763. Thirty settlers were killed, and several others were taken prisoner. Those who managed to escape fled back to New England. The Delaware then burned what was left of the Yankee settlement.

Pennamite–Yankee Wars
In 1769, during the colonial era, the Connecticut settlers (Yankees) returned to Wyoming Valley. Five townships were established by Connecticut Colony. Each one was five square miles and divided amongst forty settlers. Wilkes-Barre Township, named in honor of John Wilkes and Isaac Barré, was one of the original townships. Pennsylvanians (Pennamites) also arrived in the valley that same year.

The Connecticut settlers established Fort Durkee, which was named in honor of their leader (Colonel Durkee). This was immediately followed by a series of skirmishes between the Pennsylvanians and Connecticut settlers. The land changed hands several times between the two groups. Finally, after many years of fighting, the land was granted to Pennsylvania.

Coal mining
James Sutton built the first gristmill in the township in 1782. In 1806, a large portion of the territory broke away from the township to form the borough of Wilkes-Barre. Today, the township of Wilkes-Barre occupies a 1 by strip of land adjacent to the southeast border of what is now the city of Wilkes-Barre.

Coal mining was a prominent industry in and around Wilkes-Barre Township in the late 19th and early 20th century. The Laurel Run mine fire started near the village of Georgetown in 1915. The fire under Georgetown was controlled by blocking off the tunnels in the vicinity, robbing it of the necessary oxygen to continue burning.

Expanding commerce
The township become a commercial destination in northeastern Pennsylvania, adding the Mohegan Sun Arena at Casey Plaza and several major shopping hubs, including the Arena Hub Plaza, Wilkes-Barre Township Commons, Wilkes-Barre Township Marketplace, and Wyoming Valley Mall. Most of these shopping areas were developed in the early 2000s, although the Wyoming Valley Mall was constructed in the 1970s following the aftermath of Hurricane Agnes.

Tornadoes
The township underwent several devastating tornadoes in the early 20th century (in 1914 and 1917). On Wednesday, June 13, 2018 (at about 10 pm), an EF2 tornado struck the business district of Wilkes-Barre Township. Dozens of commercial buildings were severely damaged. The National Weather Service stated "the tornado touched down near the La-Z-Boy furniture store at Mundy Street and Highland Park Boulevard and continued for three-quarters of a mile ending near I-81 behind Dick's Sporting Goods in the Arena Hub Plaza. It's estimated that the tornado was on the ground for about five minutes." Six people sustained minor injuries.

Geography
Wilkes-Barre Township is located at 41.22778°N, -75.86806°W (41.227931, −75.868282).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 7.4 sqkm, all land. It is crossed from northeast to southwest by I-81/PA 309 and PA 309 Business (Wilkes-Barre Township Boulevard). I-81 has two interchanges in the township: one at the southwest end with PA 309 and one in the central portion near the Mohegan Sun Arena at Casey Plaza. Other important roads are Kidder Street, Mundy Street, Highland Park Boulevard, Coal Street, Northampton Street, and Blackman Street. Its only village is Georgetown on Northampton Street.

Climate
The township has a humid continental climate (Dfa/Dfb) and the hardiness zone is 6a. Average monthly temperatures in the vicinity of exit 168 of I-81 (connecting with Highland Park Boulevard) range from 25.6 °F in January to 71.5 °F in July.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,235 people, 1,455 households, and 846 families residing in the township. The population density was 1,093.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,572 housing units at an average density of 531.2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the township was 92.92% White, 2.35% African American, 0.22% Native American, 3.62% Asian, 0.09% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. 0.77% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,455 households, out of which 22.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% were non-families. 37.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the township, the population was spread out, with 17.9% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 22.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $30,603, and the median income for a family was $37,188. Males had a median income of $30,806 versus $27,426 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,055. About 7.2% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 13.1% of those age 65 or over.

title: Wilkes-Barre Township, Pennsylvania