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Talk:Hidalgo County, New Mexico

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Arizona Sky Village

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Talk:Lea County, New Mexico

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Talk:Lincoln County, New Mexico

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title: Talk:Lincoln County, New Mexico


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Talk:Los Alamos County, New Mexico

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Incorporated county
From the Los Alamos County website http://www.lac-nm.us/index.asp

I have heard many people describe Los Alamos as "townsite" rather than "city." Someone told me that isn't correct because it is a county, not a city, but yet in many ways it seems like it's a city! If I am writing or speaking about the County, how do I refer to Los Alamos? And how do I refer to White Rock? This is a question that puzzles many tourists and newcomers! We are officially the Incorporated County of Los Alamos, and so that's the way the County will be referred to in any formal document. If someone wants to refer to the area occupied by the residents of the County, then you are correct that most people refer in informal writings or conversation to "Los Alamos townsite" and "White Rock community." It's just important to note that neither Los Alamos nor White Rock are officially incorporated and therefore any boundaries for a "townsite" or "community" aren't fixed on a map anywhere, so using this kind of language in a formal or legal document isn't correct.

This should help for future misunderstandings about the special nature of this county.

--ABQCat 03:37, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Adjacent pueblos
Santa Clara Pueblo and San Ildefonso Pueblo may or may not be adjacent to Los Alamos County, depending how you define "pueblo". The census designated places of those pueblos are not adjacent, but their lands are. Eg, the fenced off land immediately north of White Rock is San Ildefonso Pueblo land. --Una Smith (talk) 04:53, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Regardless of this problem (and anyway, there's no source provided for them bordering the county), they're neither counties nor county equivalents, as are supposed to be listed here. Nyttend (talk) 05:03, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * "Supposed to be"? How is that? --Una Smith (talk) 05:13, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Look at the US Counties standards above. Nyttend (talk) 13:37, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * My 2 cents: Wikipedia County project "standards" were not handed down on stone tablets. Native American lands/reservations are real legal entities that cannot and should not be ignored. Unlike counties the Pueblos are not subject to the sovereignty of the state of New Mexico, so they should not appear on lists of counties, but they definitely should be included in the geographic description of the county. --Orlady (talk) 13:53, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * So this is a real legal entity, somewhat like a miniature nation or reservation? I don't see anything to that effect on the articles of either pueblo, but if it's so you're certainly right that it belongs here.  I disputed the addition because I understood these pueblos simply to be traditional villages whose residents (individually or corporately) owned land that bordered Los Alamos County.  Nyttend (talk) 15:50, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * As Una Smith says, the issue of whether the Pueblos are adjacent to Los Alamos County hinges on the matter of "how do you define pueblo." The Wikipedia articles about these pueblos relied on the boundaries of the Census designated places as geographic definitions of "pueblo," implying that the rest of the lands controlled by each pueblo are part of an Indian Reservation (e.g., Santa Clara Indian Reservation). Wikipedia is the only place where I've seen the pueblos in the Los Alamos area described as "Indian Reservations"; typically the entire land area is identified as part of the "pueblo" or as "lands of the pueblo." Regardless of what they are called, the lands of the San Ildefonso and Santa Clara Pueblos clearly adjoin Los Alamos County. For example, the U.S. government-produced maps on pages 1-8 and 1-9 of this report show San Ildefonso Pueblo lands lying directly adjacent to Los Alamos County. (Those maps do not identify the Santa Clara Pueblo because it does not border the Los Alamos National Laboratory.) To omit the pueblos from the article is to deny reality. --Orlady (talk) 15:55, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * But what are they? How do they "control" them?  If they're "controlling" them simply as a homeowner's association controls property, it really doesn't seem necessary to mention them: after all, if you write an article about a small municipality that borders a homeowner's association, it wouldn't be a denial of reality to omit the association.  Or is it that they have some sort of governmental control over them?  Please don't think that I'm challeging; it's just that I'm altogether unfamiliar with the way that Tewa pueblos work, and (being a curious person) I want to know more :-)  Nyttend (talk) 19:31, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * As I understand it (but my understanding is pretty superficial), each Pueblo is a Native American nation with sovereign authority over its lands, pursuant to treaties with the U.S. government (similar to Native American "tribes" that have sovereign authority over their "reservations," but using different terminology). See http://www.narf.org/nill/Codes/sicode/sanildcodetoc.html or http://thorpe.ou.edu/codes/san-ildefonso/san-ildefonso.html for some legal resources related to the Pueblo of San Ildefonso. --Orlady (talk) 20:11, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

[unindent] I've never known that before. Thanks much! Nyttend (talk) 21:50, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

It is complicated, in part because there are so many Pueblos and their governments negotiated with a succession of other governments: Spain, Mexico, and the United States. In Pueblo culture, the CDP more or less is the Pueblo; other lands are of the Pueblo. (The Spanish recognized this when they gave the name Pueblo to these people: the fundamental unit of Pueblo culture is the high-density village, all the dwellings facing the center.)  In some cases, those lands are considered by others to be grants;  in other cases, reservations. There are complicated historical reasons for the differences. As peers, the Pueblos deal with the US government via a number of special agencies and special courts, and the US Supreme Court; also with the New Mexico state government;  and with county governments. --Una Smith (talk) 22:30, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Is the status of the "of" lands similar to the territorial jurisdiction that Texas cities have? Nyttend (talk) 03:35, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Link? --Una Smith (talk) 05:19, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
 * The reason that you can't understand what I mean is that it's not called "territorial jurisdiction": it's extraterritorial jurisdiction (sorry!). The article doesn't explain it very well; from placing templates on Texas articles, it seems that they have rather broad rights to say what can and can't be done, municipal-wise, on the unincorporated areas just outside their borders.  Hopefully the article will be plain enough to explain something.  And by the way, "grants" in your paragraph: do you mean lands that were granted to the pueblo?  I've been working with New England lately, and I know that the grant you speak of isn't what New England has (similar to a gore), but I'm not sure what you do mean :-)  Nyttend (talk) 12:58, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
 * This has nothing in common with the Texas situation you refer to. The Pueblo is the sovereign government over these lands. Note that the operative terminology for the lands seems to be "lands of the Pueblo" as in "lands of the Pueblo of San Ildefonso." The Pueblo is both a physical thing (as Una Smith describes it, a high-density village) and the band of people affiliated with the Pueblo (I use the terms "band" and "affiliated" loosely here so as to avoid having to be more specific; please do not assign any meaning to that word). The lands of the Pueblo presumably are principally lands that the people of the Pueblo traditionally farmed (an analogy might be a medieval European castle and the surrounding lands under the control/protection of the feudal lord of the castle). These lands are under the sovereign control of the "Pueblo" (i.e., the band of people affiliated with the Pueblo), under the same legal arrangement(s) with which the Pueblo controls the physical "Pueblo" (village). The Pueblos and their occupancy of these areas predate the arrival of European people and the introduction of European legal systems, and the Pueblos' current authority derives from various treaties, agreements, "grants", or other arrangements that were made originally with Spain, Mexico, the U.S., and/or other occupying powers and are currently recognized by the U.S. government. Thinking about the situation, it seems absurd to treat these lands as if they were "granted" or "reserved" for the Pueblos by the U.S. government, but those terms may be about as close an explanation of the situation as our legal system can muster. (Una Smith has a more nuanced understanding of this, and likely can fill in more details.) --Orlady (talk) 13:39, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Definitely not extraterritorial jurisdiction. Before the Spanish colonial period, the pueblos were settlements of Puebloan peoples and the surrounding region was common land shared both with other pueblos and with nomadic non-Puebloan peoples.  (Skipping over huge swaths of regional history...)  Today, the pueblos are still settlements (villages, towns) and each pueblo is surrounded by its own land.  The land belongs to the pueblo collectively, not to individual members of the pueblo.  In some cases, title to the land was formally recognized within the Spanish/Mexican/USA legal systems by virtue of government-issued "grants" to the pueblos.  Some of the lands are known in legal documents as grants, others as reservations, but as the pueblos see it the land was theirs to begin with.  Avoiding the whole hairy question "is it a grant, a reservation, or what?", today in the context of tourism "Pueblo" refers only to the historical old settlement and in the context of local communities "Pueblo" refers to every aspect:  the settlement, all the land, and the people too.  All (?) the Wikipedia articles on these pueblos and the counties in which they occur need rewriting to achieve NPOV, as currently their POV is very much that of a tourist:  pueblo = quaint adobe Native American village. --Una Smith (talk) 20:02, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Do the pueblos have what (outside of Indian regions) is considered to be governmental powers? Nyttend (talk) 04:27, 27 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Yup. State DOT signs on the highways warn you that you must obey all pueblo laws.  And they have their own police. --Una Smith (talk) 04:32, 27 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I wish that this would be better explained elsewhere, so that I didn't have to keep asking you questions. Thanks for faithfully answering them :-)  Nyttend (talk) 04:44, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

arbitrary section break
On that note: as far as rewriting them, you've probably observed that at least many of these pueblos are CDPs, including these two that we've been discussing. This, frankly, is because the Census generally desires to have certain areas for censustaking, and it's frankly more sensible to count the central area: and there's no reason to pick a random name for a CDP when the logical name is that of the one settlement in the boundaries.

One class of CDPs that are really parts of larger entities have (as far as I know) all been merged or moved to be a new format of article: military bases with CDPs. Look at Holloman Air Force Base if you'd like to see an example. Military bases, of course, deserve articles, and there's not been considered that much reason to have separate articles, so bases like Holloman typically have CDP information integrated (here, it's Holloman AFB, New Mexico). I'm not a New Mexico person, but a templates-and-local-government person, so I can't help with providing the old settlement data, but if you get NM project approval, I'd be willing to do what I can. All NM CDPs are on my watchlist, so I'll be able to keep track of changes. Nyttend (talk) 05:07, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

 * One alternative solution would be to (eg) move the current content of Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico to Santa Clara Pueblo (CPD) and then expand Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico to encompass all that needs to be explained. In fact, the same can be said for Los Alamos:  one page for the CPD data, one for the county administrivial equivalent of the CPD page, and one for the cultural idiosyncracies and local interest stuff. Just tossing that out... --Una Smith (talk) 14:24, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

 * If you want that course, the standard titles would be Santa Clara Pueblo (CDP), New Mexico, and Santa Clara Pueblo (pueblo), New Mexico. I'm not sure that this would be as good of an idea: it's not like up in New York and New England, where we've got a specific unit of local government that's a subset of the state, thus producing situations such as Milton (town), New York and Milton (CDP), New York.  I'm more a fan of expanding it (and noting that part of the pueblo is a CDP) because it's more a single entity, somewhat more similar to the military base idea.  And also: I'm sorry that I don't understand what you mean with Los Alamos; could you explain more?  Nyttend (talk) 02:45, 28 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I was waxing intellectually about this same topic just the other day, I made a little subpage about it to help organize my thoughts. This is a very complicated issue. I strongly feel that these reservations and their corresponding tribes deserve separate articles.  The CDPs do not correspond to the official pueblo boundaries.  To further complicate the issue: when a member of one of these tribes purchases land off reservation it becomes a part of the legal entity, the opposite happens when someone who is not purchases tribal land. The result is many exclaves an enclaves.  As to the immediately above suggestion about new article titles: The 'New Mexico' bit should only be used for disambiguation where necessary, as the article would be a bit more about the people than the place. Synchronism (talk) 02:52, 3 July 2009 (UTC)

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history
This needs a history section--Kintetsubuffalo (talk) 06:51, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Los Alamos County, New Mexico


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Talk:Luna County, New Mexico

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Last invasion of US argument
I will stipule that the Attu Island invasion is the the last invasion of US territory in until between the Mexican War and Pearl Harbor. However, my claim that Luna County was the site of a historical 20th century invasion is still valid and worthy of article inclusion.

a/the continental US (that's the lower 48 states) suffered two organized,para-military, foreign-based hostile invasions in the 20th century 1. Columbus, NM March 1916 2. Pearl Harbor, HI December 1941

b/The Villa Invasion is the last raid on a US state

c/I acknowledge incursions & disruptions & border disputes in 20th century US states and territories (Ruby Ridge/Branch Dividian Anti-Federalists, Filipino Hucks in '01, Chamizal settlementetc.) Perhaps 20th century US invasions and incursions Is worthy of its own article.

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title: Talk:Luna County, New Mexico


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Talk:McKinley County, New Mexico

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title: Talk:McKinley County, New Mexico


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Talk:Mora County, New Mexico

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County seat/county
If Mora, New Mexico is the name of a distint city it should not redirect here, but rather have its own article.--Rockero 00:27, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Mora is a town within Mora, County.  The history section is talking about the town of Mora, with some of the history of the county weaved in.  I am thinking about a complete re-write of the history section.  Murcielago 00:15, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

List of grant people
I alphabetized the list, to make it [at least to me] more user friendly, but if there is a reason as to why it was the way that it was [ie it was listed by size of grant or by value or something] that sould be mentioned and the list reverted. Carptrash 16:07, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Table fix
Someone with some patience, please redo the "Presidential Elections Results" table as horizontal instead of vertical. This just really doesn't work as a vertically-oriented table, since it's at the end of the article. A summary of the table's contents should also be provided in prose. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  18:40, 25 January 2018 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Mora County, New Mexico


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Talk:Otero County, New Mexico

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Politics and government section: Info needs to be added
On June 17, 2022, the commissioners did vote to certify the election:

https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/17/politics/new-mexico-primary-results-otero-county-certification/index.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by VickiMeagher (talk • contribs) 17:03, 18 June 2022 (UTC)

History section has rather a recent start
No history is given prior to the 2019 declaration of emergency. In particular I am wondering why the county's biggest growth spurt came in the 1950s? This is highly unusual for a US county.Amyzex (talk) 21:13, 3 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Need reliable sources to expand the section. Cheers, 〜 Adflatuss  •  talk  15:43, 25 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Otero County, New Mexico


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Talk:Quay County, New Mexico

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title: Talk:Quay County, New Mexico


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Talk:Rio Arriba County, New Mexico

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title: Talk:Rio Arriba County, New Mexico


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Talk:Roosevelt County, New Mexico

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title: Talk:Roosevelt County, New Mexico


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Talk:San Juan County, New Mexico

San Juan County, New Mexico bordering San Juan County, Utah?
New Mexico doesn't border Utah. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kfander (talk • contribs) 17:44, 27 January 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:San Juan County, New Mexico


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Talk:San Miguel County, New Mexico

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2020 Census?
Is there some reason why the 2020 Census results aren't yet posted? Here in 2022.5..... --Pete Tillman (talk) 17:23, 8 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:San Miguel County, New Mexico


text:
Talk:Sandoval County, New Mexico

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Exclave
I added a couple of lines about the exclave between Los Alamos and Santa Fe. The only source I have so far for the history of this exclave is this website here: http://www.howderfamily.com/blog/?p=628. The rest is mentioned or alluded to in the article for Los Alamos County. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.113.104.88 (talk) 07:08, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sandoval County, New Mexico


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Talk:Santa Fe County, New Mexico

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LOL FOOL —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.181.197.100 (talk) 22:40, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

Courthouse Photo
The photo of the courthouse pictured is not the Santa Fe County Courthouse that is only the 1st Judicial District Courthouse the actual county courthouse is in downtown on Johnson Street. Atomic City505 (talk) 06:01, 26 June 2009 (UTC)
 * The caption calls it the "Judge Steve Herrera Judicial Complex", not the Santa Fe County Courthouse. Is there an error in that?  I've never been to the area, so I can't speak for myself.  Nyttend (talk) 12:17, 26 June 2009 (UTC)

 * The caption is correct. IMS, it's a couple of blocks north of the county CH. --Pete Tillman (talk) 14:29, 26 June 2009 (UTC), former resident

title: Talk:Santa Fe County, New Mexico


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Talk:Sierra County, New Mexico

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New Mexico Moves Ahead on Spaceport
Sierra County approved the sales tax increase to support the Spaceport. "2010 Opening Appears to Be Within Reach, Even With Remaining Hurdles." New Mexico Moves Ahead on Spaceport washingtonpost.com, accessed 10 May 2008.

title: Talk:Sierra County, New Mexico


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Talk:Socorro County, New Mexico

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There are at least two San Pedros
There's a San Pedro in Socorro County, just east of San Antonio, not a ghost town; there's no article for it. Obviously we need a disambiguation page too. The Socorro County listing of ghost towns includes a different San Pedro, in Santa Fe county. I don't have time at the moment but I can kibitz with whoever does. ;Bear (talk) 00:32, 12 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Socorro County, New Mexico


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Talk:Taos County, New Mexico

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The county's logo looks even crookeder than it used to. Gak!! ;Bear 02:55, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

New courthouse, new photo
It looks like the taxobox structure has had a complete brain transplant. I don't know how to deal with it and don't have time to learn it. There's a new courthouse. There are some new photos available at http://taoscountybar.org/images/photo-holder.jpg and http://www.flintco.com/uploads/gallery_images/cache/1685_980x480_height_p18anb4uj818t7ee31j2ak00faa5.jpg

I don't know anything about the rights to these photos either but somebody can probably do something. I have too much on my plate right now.

Thanks to all editors everywhere.

;Bear (talk) 19:19, 17 November 2015 (UTC)

Hippie Communes
It may take me awhile to get to it (and I might be purely aspirational), one could consider a section on all the communes in Taos County and other demographic changes in the area. If there are any takers, go for it. Of note about the post-commune era, check this 1980 WaPo article:

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1980/06/01/the-dropout-capital-of-affluent-america/be19aa7e-aad7-4241-a918-6c795718781e/ Dial888tv (talk) 23:35, 22 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Eventually got one article up about New Buffalo in Arroyo Seco. Dial888tv (talk) 03:58, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Taos County, New Mexico


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Talk:Torrance County, New Mexico

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Talk:Union County, New Mexico

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Talk:Valencia County, New Mexico

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title: Talk:Valencia County, New Mexico


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Talk:Albany County, New York

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 * I added the references for the county land changes, and the Vermont and Quebec issues. - SSG Cornelius Seon (Retired) 10:35, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

has anyone noticed it seems a little awkward that the opening paragraph says that albany county is located "in the general vicinity of albany, ny" um, seeing as how the city of albany is WITHIN the county of albany, how is that "the general vicinity". i dont know, it just seems weird and awkward

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History
The history section is just a long list of border changes, and gets monotonous boring and repetative, and monotonous boring and repetative too. How about more on what went on countywide in history, some modern controversies about the large size of the county legislature, of the court cases around redistricting after the 2000 census, the rise of the suburbs as a force in the Democratic party and the weakening of the city's machine in picking candidates for countywide office (see- Soares for DA).Camelbinky 00:15, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

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Reference named "USCensusEst2018": From Berkshire County, Massachusetts:  From Las Vegas:  From Saratoga County, New York:

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title: Talk:Albany County, New York


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Talk:Allegany County, New York

My Father told me that my great grandfather lost possession of Alma in a hand of cards.Any information appreciated STEWARDS, Sabrewemyn

Exterior Color Lunar Silver Metallicion of Alma, Ny in a hand of cards...Any way to research thisclaim appreciated. Regards, Sabrewemyn — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sabrewemyn (talk • contribs) 16:55, 4 October 2022 (UTC)

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Political subunit review wrapped up. Tmesipt. 3.7.04.

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title: Talk:Allegany County, New York


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Talk:Bronx County, New York

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Talk:Broome County, New York

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Should Davis College (formerly Practical Bible College) be added to the education listing? Is it even accredited?

 * I don't think it's accredited, but it is the oldest college in the area, which deserves mention 24.24.95.18 03:07, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

According to the FAQ's on its website "Davis College is accredited through both Middle States and ABHE accrediting agencies."

In residents and natives should people who only lived here as students attending Bighamton University really count? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.74.73.195 (talk) 03:11, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

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Jon Jones
UFC champion from Endicott (as are his brothers, one who plays in the NFL) and just dedicated his latest win to Broome County and asked for help with the flood situation there. I would add him but I want his name to be linked to his wiki and don't know how to do that. Somebody please add him. Just about the the most popular guy in the sport. Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.58.202.45 (talk) 00:54, 27 September 2011 (UTC)

Handicapped parking
There are a couple and I mean only a couple handicapped parking meters on streets usually all taken. There are a few visitor parking spots between the 3 buildings. I try to find street parking first although it is very difficult for me to walk the distance. There is 1 yes 1 handicapped parking spot between the buildings occupied by a county truck. Interesting. I was put through the 3rd degree when I rang the bell to get into that lot. I have had permission to park there for years. Told as soon as I say I am handicapped I should be let in not made to feel less of a person because I am handicapped. After finally getting let in there were parking areas AND visitor areas open. I have photos of the handicapped spot. Who would you like to see them? Also I do not expect to go through this again or any other handicapped people. Please tell me what is going to be done? Someone needs to read up on handicapped rules and regulations. Erpedsrn (talk) 23:52, 15 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Broome County, New York


text:
Stan Musial

Stanley Frank Musial (born Stanislaw Franciszek Musial; November 21, 1920 – January 19, 2013), nicknamed "Stan the Man", was an American baseball outfielder and first baseman. Widely considered to be one of the greatest and most consistent hitters in baseball history, Musial spent 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), playing for the St. Louis Cardinals, from 1941 to 1944 and from 1946 to 1963, before becoming a first-ballot inductee into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1969.

Musial was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, where he frequently played baseball informally or in organized settings, and eventually played on the baseball team at Donora High School. Signed to a professional contract by the St. Louis Cardinals as a pitcher in 1938, Musial was converted into an outfielder and made his major league debut in 1941. Noted for his unique batting stance, he quickly established himself as a consistent and productive hitter. In his first full season, 1942, the Cardinals won the World Series. The following year, he led the NL in six different offensive categories and earned his first MVP award. He was also named to the NL All-Star squad for the first time; he appeared in every All-Star game in every subsequent season he played. Musial won his second World Series championship in 1944, then missed the 1945 season while serving in the Navy. After completing his military service, Musial returned to baseball in 1946 and resumed his consistent hitting. That year he earned his second MVP award and third World Series title. His third MVP award came in 1948, when he finished one home run short of winning baseball's Triple Crown. After struggling offensively in 1959, Musial used a personal trainer to help maintain his productivity until he decided to retire in 1963.

Over the course of his career, Musial batted .331 and set National League (NL) records for career hits (3,630), runs batted in (1,951), games played (3,026), at bats (10,972), runs scored (1,949) and doubles (725). His 475 career home runs then ranked second in NL history behind Mel Ott's total of 511. A seven-time batting champion, he was named the National League's (NL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) three times and was a member of three World Series championship teams. At the time of his retirement, he held or shared 17 major league records and 29 National League records. He also shares the major league record for the most All-Star Games played (24) with Hank Aaron and Willie Mays.

In addition to overseeing personal businesses, including a restaurant, both during and after his playing career, Musial served as the Cardinals' general manager in 1967, winning the pennant and World Series, then resigning that position. Musial was selected for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999. In February 2011, President Barack Obama presented Musial with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award that can be bestowed on a person by the United States government.

Early life
Musial was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, the fifth of the six children (four girls and two boys) of Lukasz Musial (originally Musiał; ) and Mary Lancos. His mother was of Carpatho-Rusyn descent, and his father was a Polish immigrant who always referred to his son by the Polish nickname Stasiu, pronounced "Stashu". Young Stan frequently played baseball with his brother Ed and other friends during his childhood, and considered Lefty Grove his favorite ballplayer. Musial also learned about baseball from his neighbor Joe Barbao, a former minor league pitcher. When he enrolled in school, his name was formally changed to Stanley Frank Musial.

At age 15, Musial joined the Donora Zincs, a semi-professional team managed by Barbao. In his Zincs debut, he pitched six innings and struck out 13 batters, all of them adults. He played one season on the newly revived Donora High School baseball team, where one of his teammates was Buddy Griffey, father of MLB player Ken Griffey Sr. and grandfather to Ken Griffey Jr. (Junior also shares the same birthday as Musial) Baseball statistician Bill James described the younger Griffey, in comparison to Musial, as "the second-best left-handed hitting, left-handed throwing outfielder ever born in Donora, Pennsylvania, on November 21." His exploits as a rising player in Pennsylvania earned him the nickname "The Donora Greyhound".

Musial also played basketball and was offered an athletic scholarship in that sport by the University of Pittsburgh. Meanwhile, the St. Louis Cardinals had scouted Musial as a pitcher and, in 1937, offered him a professional contract after a workout with their Class D Penn State League affiliate. Musial's father initially resisted the idea of his son pursuing a baseball career, but he reluctantly gave consent after lobbying by his son and his wife. Musial also credited his school librarian Helen Kloz for pointing out that baseball was his dream and advising him to pursue it professionally. In what was then a common practice, the Cardinals did not file the contract with the baseball commissioner's office until June 1938. This preserved Musial's amateur eligibility, and he was still able to participate in high school sports, leading Donora High School's basketball team to a playoff appearance. He then reported to the Cardinals' Class D affiliate in West Virginia, the Williamson Red Birds.

Minor leagues
Musial's rookie year with Williamson in 1938 was a period of adjustment both on and off the field. He began gaining more in-depth knowledge about baseball strategy while posting a 6–6 win–loss record and a 4.66 earned run average (ERA), to go along with a .258 batting average. Off the field, he experienced feelings of homesickness while learning to live comfortably and independently on his $65-per-month salary. Musial finished his high school education before returning to Williamson in spring 1939. That season his numbers improved to a 9–2 record, a 4.30 ERA, and a .352 batting average. Musial spent the 1940 season with the Cardinals' other Class D team, the Daytona Beach Islanders, where he developed a lifelong friendship with manager Dickie Kerr. His pitching skills improved under the guidance of Kerr, who also recognized his hitting talent, playing him in the outfield between pitching starts. On May 25, 1940, Musial married fellow Donora resident, Lillian "Lil" Labash, in Daytona Beach, and the couple's first child followed in August. During late August, Musial suffered a shoulder injury while playing in the outfield, and later made an early exit as the starting pitcher in a 12–5 playoff game loss. For a while Musial considered leaving baseball entirely, complaining that he could not afford to support himself and his wife on the $16 a week pay. Kerr talked him out of it, and even took the Musials into his own home to relieve the financial burden. To repay the debt, Musial bought Kerr a $20,000 home in Houston in 1958. In 113 games in 1940 he hit .311, while compiling an 18–5 pitching record that included 176 strikeouts and 145 walks.

Musial was assigned to the Class AA Columbus Red Birds to begin 1941, though manager Burt Shotton and Musial himself quickly realized that the previous year's injury had considerably weakened his arm. He was reassigned to the Class C Springfield Cardinals as a full-time outfielder, and he later credited manager Ollie Vanek for displaying confidence in his hitting ability. During 87 games with Springfield, Musial hit a league-leading .379 before being promoted to the Rochester Red Wings of the International League. He was noted for his unique batting stance, a crouch in which his back was seemingly square to the pitcher. This stance was later described by pitcher Ted Lyons as "a kid peeking around the corner to see if the cops were coming". According to a 1950 description by author Tom Meany, "The bent knees and the crouch give him the appearance of a coiled spring, although most pitchers think of him as a coiled rattlesnake." Musial continued to play well in Rochester—in one three-game stretch, he had 11 hits. He was called up to the Cardinals for the last two weeks of the 1941 season.

St. Louis Cardinals (1941–1944)
Musial made his major league debut during the second game of a doubleheader at Sportsman's Park on September 17, 1941. The Cardinals were in the midst of a pennant race with the Brooklyn Dodgers; in 12 games, Musial collected 20 hits for a .426 batting average. Despite Musial's late contributions, the Cardinals finished two and one-half games behind the 100-game-winning Dodgers.

Cardinals manager Billy Southworth used Musial as a left fielder to begin 1942, sometimes lifting him for a pinch-hitter against left-handed pitching. Musial was hitting .315 by late June, as the Cardinals resumed battling the Dodgers for first place in the National League (NL). The Cardinals took sole possession of first place on September 13, and when Musial caught a fly ball to end the first game of a doubleheader on September 27 they clinched the pennant with their 105th win. He finished the season with a .315 batting average and 72 runs batted in (RBI) in 140 games. Musial received national publicity when he was named by St. Louis Post-Dispatch sports editor J. Roy Stockton as his choice for Rookie of the Year in a Saturday Evening Post article.

The Cardinals played the American League champion New York Yankees in the 1942 World Series. Representing the winning run at home plate in the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 1 at Sportsman's Park, Musial grounded out with the bases loaded to end the game. Musial's first hit of the Series was an RBI single that provided the margin of victory in Game 2, allowing the Cardinals to tie the Series. Over the next three games at Yankee Stadium, Musial had three more hits as the Cardinals defeated the Yankees in the Series four games to one. Musial batted .222 for the Series, with two runs scored. Musial's 1943 season started with a brief contract holdout in spring training. He made the National League All-Star team for the first time as a starting left fielder and got a double in the All-Star Game on July 13. He finished the season leading the major leagues in hitting with a .357 batting average and led the NL in hits (220), doubles (48), triples (20), total bases (347), on-base percentage (.425), and slugging percentage (.562). This performance earned him his first NL Most Valuable Player Award, ahead of teammate and catcher Walker Cooper (.318 batting average). After romping to another NL pennant by 18 games, the Cardinals again faced the Yankees in the 1943 World Series. Musial had a single in the Cardinals' Game 1 loss, and scored a run in a Game 2 win. The Cardinals did not win another game in the Series, but the loser's bonus share paid to each Cardinals player ($4,321.99, ) still amounted to nearly two-thirds of Musial's regular season salary.

United States involvement in World War II began to impinge on Musial's baseball career in 1944, as he underwent a physical examination in prelude to possible service in the armed forces. He ultimately remained with the Cardinals for the entire season, posting a .347 batting average with 197 hits. The Cardinals claimed the NL pennant for the third consecutive season, and faced St. Louis's other major league team, the Browns, in the 1944 World Series. The Browns took a 2–1 lead, while Musial hit .250 with no RBI. He broke out in Game 4 with a two-run home run, single, double, and a walk as part of a 5–1 Cardinals win. The Cardinals went on to defeat the Browns in six games, and Musial posted a .304 batting average for the Series.

Sojourn in the U.S. Navy (1945–46)
Musial enlisted in the United States Navy on January 23, 1945, during World War II. He was initially assigned to non-combat duty at the United States Naval Training Center Bainbridge. In June 1945, he was assigned to Special Services in Hawaii, and was assigned to a ferry launch unit to bring back damaged ship crews entering Pearl Harbor where he was able to play baseball every afternoon in the naval base's eight-team league. After being granted emergency leave to see his ailing father in January 1946, he was briefly assigned to the Philadelphia Navy Yard before his honorable discharge from the Navy as a Seaman Second Class in March 1946. In 2007, Musial received the Navy Memorial's Lone Sailor Award, which honors Navy veterans who have excelled in civilian life.

1946–1949
Rejoining the Cardinals under new manager Eddie Dyer, Musial posted a .388 batting average by the middle of May 1946. He also became close friends with new teammate Red Schoendienst, who had joined the Cardinals during Musial's absence in 1945. During the season, Musial (who was under contract to the Cardinals for $13,500 in 1946) was offered a five-year, $125,000 contract, plus a $50,000 bonus, to join the Mexican League. He declined the offer, and after manager Dyer spoke to club owner Sam Breadon, Musial was given a $5,000 raise later in 1946.

It was also during the 1946 season that Musial acquired his nickname of Stan the Man. During the June 23 game against the Dodgers at Ebbets Field, St. Louis Post-Dispatch sportswriter Bob Broeg heard Dodger fans chanting whenever Musial came to bat, but could not understand the words. Later that day over dinner, Broeg asked Cardinals traveling secretary Leo Ward if he had understood what the Dodger fans had been chanting. Ward said, "Every time Stan came up they chanted, 'Here comes the man!'" "'That man,' you mean", Broeg said. "No, the man", replied Ward. Broeg mentioned this story in his Post-Dispatch column, and Musial was thereafter known as Stan "The Man".

In June 1946, Dyer began to use Musial as a first baseman. The Cardinals finished the season tied with the Dodgers, prompting a three-game playoff for the pennant. Musial's Game 1 triple and Game 2 double contributed to the Cardinals' two-games-to-none series victory. Facing the Boston Red Sox, the Cardinals won the 1946 World Series four games to three, as Musial had six hits and four RBI. He batted .365 for the season and won his second NL MVP Award, receiving 22 out of a possible 24 first-place votes, finishing ahead of Brooklyn's Dixie Walker (.319 batting average).

Musial began the 1947 season by hitting .146 in April. On May 9, team doctor Dr. Robert Hyland confirmed a previous diagnosis of appendicitis, while discovering that Musial was concurrently suffering from tonsillitis. He received treatment, but did not have either his appendix or tonsils surgically removed until after the season ended. Despite his health woes, he finished the year with a batting average of .312.

Fully recovered from his ailments, Musial recorded his 1,000th career hit on April 25, 1948. After a May 7 St. Louis Globe-Democrat article criticized baseball players for appearing in cigarette advertisements, he made a personal decision to never again appear in such ads. By June 24, his batting average was .408, prompting Brooklyn pitcher Preacher Roe to comically announce his new method for retiring Musial: "Walk him on four pitches and pick him off first." Given a mid-season pay raise by new Cardinals owner Robert E. Hannegan for his outstanding performance, Musial hit a home run in the All-Star Game. On September 22, he registered five hits in a game for the fourth time in the season, tying a mark set by Ty Cobb in 1922.

Musial finished the 1948 season leading the major leagues in batting average (.376), hits (230), doubles (46), triples (18), total bases (429), and slugging percentage (.702). Winning the NL batting title by a 43-point margin, with an on-base percentage lead of 27 points and a 138-point slugging percentage margin—the latter being the largest gap since Rogers Hornsby's 1925 season—Musial became the first player to win three NL MVP awards. If a home run he hit during a rained out game had been counted in his season totals, he would have won the Triple Crown by leading the NL in batting average, home runs, and runs batted in.

Anticipating life after his baseball career, Musial began the first of several business partnerships with Julius "Biggie" Garagnani in January 1949, opening "Stan Musial & Biggie's" restaurant. He approached the 1949 season with the intent to try to hit more home runs, stating he had hit 39 the previous season "without trying". His new focus on hitting for power backfired, as pitchers began using the outside part of the plate to induce him to ground out to the first or second baseman. Musial soon stopped focusing on hitting home runs and resumed his consistent offensive production by the end of May. He received his sixth consecutive All-Star player selection and finished the season leading the NL in hits (207) while playing in every game. However, the Cardinals, with 96 wins, finished one game behind the Dodgers.

In the late 1940s, when baseball was slowly becoming integrated, Musial—along with his roommate Red Schoendienst—would be lauded by newcomers such as Dodgers' pitcher Don Newcombe for their tolerance. "They never...had the need to sit in the dugout and call a black guy a bunch of names", Newcombe said, "because he was trying to change the game and make it what it should have been in the first place, a game for all people."

1950–1954
Musial began the 1950s by posting a .350 batting average before participating in the 1950 All-Star Game, where in fan balloting he was the NL's number two choice. He had the longest hitting streak of his career during the 1950 season—a 30-game stretch that ended on July 27. With the Cardinals falling 14 games out of first place by September, manager Dyer used him at first base and all three outfield positions. New Cardinals manager Marty Marion led the team to a third-place finish in 1951, while Musial led the National League with a .355 batting average, 355 total bases, 124 runs and 12 triples. He finished second in NL MVP voting for the third year in a row and was named The Sporting News Major League Player of the Year.

National media attention inadvertently turned to Musial a month before the 1952 season began, after Ty Cobb wrote an article regarding modern baseball players that was published in Life magazine. Cobb singled out Musial and Phil Rizzuto as the only players "who can be mentioned in the same breath with the oldtime greats". Cobb went on to refer to Musial as "a better player than Joe DiMaggio was in his prime." In response, Musial displayed his characteristic modesty, saying, "Cobb is baseball's greatest. I don't want to contradict him, but I can't say that I was ever as good as Joe DiMaggio."

The only major league pitching appearance of Musial's career occurred as a publicity stunt during the last Cardinals home game of the 1952 season. Manager Eddie Stanky had a reluctant Musial pitch to Frank Baumholtz, the runner-up to Musial for the best batting average in the NL that season. With Baumholtz batting right-handed for the first time in his career, Musial's first pitch was hit so hard it ricocheted off the shin of third baseman Solly Hemus and into the left field corner. The play was ruled an error, and Musial was embarrassed enough by his complicity in the gimmick to avoid pitching again for the remainder of his career.

The Cardinals franchise was up for sale in early 1953, and Musial and Schoendienst advised their friend and fellow duck-hunter Gussie Busch to consider buying the team. Busch used the resources of the Anheuser-Busch company to purchase the Cardinals, keeping Musial in St. Louis by averting the possibility of a move by the team to another city. The 1953 season marked Musial's 10th NL All-Star selection, and the 12th consecutive time he finished a major league season with a batting average above .300. Musial accomplished another historical feat on May 2, 1954, in a doubleheader in St. Louis against the New York Giants: he hit three home runs in the first contest, then added two more in the second to become the first major leaguer to hit five home runs in a doubleheader. In addition to his five home runs, he also hit a single in the first game, setting a new record of 21 total bases for a doubleheader. The only player besides Musial to hit five home runs in a doubleheader is Nate Colbert, who achieved the feat in 1972. Oddly enough, as a young child, Colbert was in attendance as Musial set his record.

1955–1959
Musial made his 12th NL All-Star appearance in 1955 as a reserve player, when Cincinnati's Ted Kluszewski outpolled him by 150,000 votes to get on the starting lineup at first base. Musial entered the game as a pinch hitter in the fourth inning, and played left field as the game entered extra innings. Leading off the bottom of the 12th, he hit a home run to give the NL a 6–5 victory.

The 1956 season marked another milestone for Musial, when he broke Mel Ott's NL record for extra-base hits on August 12. Earlier that season, Cardinals general manager "Trader Frank" Lane began negotiations to trade him for Philadelphia pitcher Robin Roberts. When Cardinals owner Gussie Busch learned of the possible move, he made it clear that Musial was not available for any trade. Instead, Lane dealt Musial's close friend Schoendienst to the New York Giants; an upset Musial made no immediate comment to the press.

On June 11, 1957, Musial tied the NL record for consecutive games played with his 822nd, a streak that began on the last day of the 1951 season. Despite ballot stuffing by Cincinnati Reds fans, he was selected and played in the All-Star Game held at Sportsman's Park. When he overextended his swing while batting during a game on August 23, Musial fractured a bone in his left shoulder socket and tore muscles over his collarbone. He was unable to play again until September 8, ending his consecutive games-played streak at 895. He finished 1957 as Sports Illustrated's "Sportsman of the Year".

Musial signed one of the first $100,000 contracts in NL history on January 29, 1958. (According to Baseball Almanac, Hank Greenberg was the first with Pittsburgh in 1947.) He quickly demonstrated a return on the investment by sharing with Willie Mays the inaugural (and for the only time in Musial's career) NL Player of the Month in May (no such award was given in April until 1969) batting .374, with 4 HR, and 16 RBI. Also that month, as he was approaching the 3,000-hit milestone in his major league career, he expressed a desire to record the hit in St. Louis. He ultimately reached the mark with a pinch-hit, sixth inning RBI double at Chicago's Wrigley Field on May 13. The eighth major league player to reach 3,000 hits, and the first to reach the milestone with an extra-base hit, Musial was greeted at St. Louis Union Station that evening by roughly 1,000 fans. Finishing the season in sixth place, the Cardinals embarked on an exhibition tour of Japan, winning 14 of 16 games against top players from the Central and Pacific Japanese Leagues.

Taking a new approach to preparation for the 1959 season, Musial was given permission to report late to spring training so that he might conserve his energy for the duration of the year. Musial, at 6 ft tall, had maintained a weight of around 175 lb throughout his career. He reported to spring training approximately 10 lb overweight and in substandard physical condition. He began the season with one hit in 15 at-bats. Despite his early offensive struggles, he single-handedly spoiled potential no-hitters on April 16 and 19. A game-winning home run on May 7 made him the first major league player ever with 400 home runs and 3,000 hits. As he continued to hit at a relatively low pace, his playing time was limited by Cardinals manager Solly Hemus at various points during the season. Seeking more revenue for the players' pension fund, Major League Baseball held two All-Star games in a season for the first time through 1962. Musial made his 16th All-Star appearance (16th season) and pinch-hit in both contests, flying out in the July 7 game and drawing a walk in the August 3 game. He finished the season with 115 regular game appearances, a .255 batting average, 37 runs, and a slugging percentage of .428.

During the 1959 season, John F. Kennedy approached Musial about supporting Kennedy's campaign for President, citing their close ages. Musial campaigned for Kennedy later that year and became a supporter of the Democratic Party.

On June 30, 1959, Musial was the batter in one of the oddest plays in baseball history. In a game between the Cardinals and Chicago Cubs, he was at the plate with a count of 3–1. Bob Anderson's next pitch was errant, evading catcher Sammy Taylor and rolling all the way to the backstop. Umpire Vic Delmore called ball four, even as Anderson and Taylor contended that Musial had foul tipped the ball. Because the ball was still in play and Delmore was embroiled in an argument with the catcher and pitcher, Musial kept running in attempt to make second base. Seeing that Musial was trying for second, Alvin Dark ran to the backstop to retrieve the ball. The ball wound up in the hands of field announcer Pat Pieper, but Dark ended up getting it back anyway. Absentmindedly, however, Delmore pulled out a new ball and gave it to Taylor. Anderson finally noticed that Musial was trying for second, took the new ball, and threw it to second baseman Tony Taylor. Anderson's throw flew over Taylor's head into the outfield. Dark, at the same time that Anderson threw the new ball, threw the original ball to shortstop Ernie Banks. Musial did not see Dark's throw and only noticed Anderson's ball fly over the second baseman's head, so he tried to go to third base. On his way there, he was tagged by Banks, and after a delay he was ruled out.

1960–1963
Based on his 1959 performance, Musial accepted a pay cut in 1960 from his previous $100,000 salary to $80,000. He was eager to prove that his mediocre performance was the result of improper physical conditioning, and he enlisted the help of Walter Eberhardt, Saint Louis University's director of physical education. In June 1960, newspaper articles began speculating that Musial would soon retire, yet he finished the season with a .275 batting average. He addressed the speculation in September, confirming that he would play again in 1961. His .288 batting average that season reaffirmed his decision. In 1962, Musial posted a .330 batting average, good for third in the batting race, with 19 homers and 82 RBI. As a pinch-hitter, he had 14 base hits in 19 at-bats (.737). Along the way, he established new NL career marks for hits and RBI. That same year on July 8, the 41-year-old Musial became the oldest player ever to hit three home runs in one game.

The Cardinals began 1963 by winning 10 of their first 15 games, as Musial posted a .237 batting average. He set a new major league record for career extra-base hits on May 8 and improved his batting average to .277 by the end of the month. Making his 20th All-Star appearance and 24th All-Star Game appearance on July 9, 1963, he pinch-hit in the fifth inning. Asked by general manager Bing Devine on July 26 what his plans were, Musial said that he would retire at season's end. He waited until the Cardinals team picnic on August 12 to publicly announce his decision, hopeful he could retire on a winning note.

Musial became a grandfather for the first time in the early hours of September 10; later that day, he hit a home run in his first at-bat. After sweeping a doubleheader on September 15, the Cardinals had won 19 of their last 20 games, and were one game behind the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Dodgers then swept the Cardinals in a three-game series in St. Louis and clinched the NL pennant on September 25. Musial's last game, on September 29, 1963, was preceded by an hour-long retirement ceremony. Speakers at the event included baseball commissioner Ford Frick, Cardinals broadcaster Harry Caray, and Cardinals owner Gussie Busch, who announced that Musial's uniform number "6" would be retired by the team. During the game, Musial recorded a single in the fourth inning, then hit a single to right field that scored teammate Curt Flood in the sixth. Cardinals manager Johnny Keane brought in Gary Kolb as a pinch-runner for Musial, bringing his major league career to an end. Just as he had recorded two base hits in his major league debut, Musial finished his last game with two hits, as well. Musial finished with the all-time National League hits record and second to only Ty Cobb on the all-time Major League list. Musial's last career hit was out of reach of Cincinnati Reds second baseman Pete Rose, who would go on to break Cobb's record to become baseball's all-time hit king.

At the time of his retirement, Musial held or shared 17 major league records, 29 NL records, and nine All-Star Game records. Among those records, he ranked as the major league career leader in extra-base hits (1,377) and total bases (6,134). He also held NL career marks in categories such as hits (3,630), games played (3,026), doubles (725), and RBI (1,951). He finished his career with 475 home runs despite never having led the NL in the category. Jerry Lansche speculates Musial would likely have become the second player, after Babe Ruth, with 2,000 RBI, and would have exceeded 500 career home runs had he not served in the military. His lowest full season RBI output before the war was 72 (in 1942) and as he needed only 49 RBI to reach 2,000 for his full career, he certainly would have exceeded 2,000 RBI by playing without injury in 1945. His home run production is a different story and it is highly unlikely he would have reached 500. He did not hit more than 13 home runs in any season before he entered the navy and did not hit as many as 25 (the number he would have needed to become a 500 career homer club member) until 1948, 3 years after returning to baseball from World War II. Amazingly, his career hit total was exactly evenly split between 1,815 hits at home and 1,815 hits on the road. Steven R. Bullock speculates that it is possible that without military service Musial might have continued playing to attempt to exceed Ty Cobb's career hit record of 4,191. Musial recorded 8 five-hit games and 59 four-hit games in his 22-year MLB career. He had two 3-home run games, on May 2, 1954 and July 8, 1962. As a pinch-hitter, he recorded a .276 batting average (37-for-134) in that role in his career.

He was the first major league player to appear in more than 1,000 games at two different positions, registering 1,896 games in the outfield and 1,016 at first base. Since Musial's retirement in 1963, Tony Gwynn has been the only player to finish his career with a higher lifetime batting average. Hank Aaron has been the only player to surpass his record of 6,134 total bases.

In Musial's 3,026 major league appearances, he was never ejected from a game. Speaking about his quiet reputation within the sport's history, sportscaster Bob Costas said, "He didn't hit a homer in his last at-bat; he hit a single. He didn't hit in 56 straight games. He married his high school sweetheart and stayed married to her. ... All Musial represents is more than two decades of sustained excellence and complete decency as a human being."

Post-playing career and family life
Musial was named a vice president of the St. Louis Cardinals in September 1963, and he remained in that position until after the 1966 season. From February 1964 to January 1967, he also served as President Lyndon B. Johnson's physical fitness adviser, a part-time position created to promote better fitness among American citizens. Before the 1967 season began, the Cardinals named Musial the team's general manager, and he oversaw the club's World Series championship that year. He won the allegiance of Cardinals players by making fair offers from the outset of player-contract negotiations and creating an in-stadium babysitting service so players' wives could attend games.

Musial met Lillian Susan Labash, the daughter of a local grocer, in Donora when both were 15, and married her in St. Paul's Catholic Church in Daytona Beach, Florida on May 25, 1940. They had four children: son Richard, and daughters Gerry, Janet, and Jeanie. Lillian Musial died at 91, on May 3, 2012; their marriage had lasted for almost 72 years.

Musial was noted for his harmonica playing, which included his rendition of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game". Throughout the 1990s, he frequently played the harmonica at public gatherings, such as the annual Baseball Hall of Fame induction ceremony and various charity events. He appeared on the television show Hee Haw in 1985, and in 1994 recorded 18 songs that were sold in tandem with a harmonica-playing instruction booklet.

Even though Musial left Donora after high school, he retained close ties to the town throughout the rest of his life. He maintained membership in local social clubs, and regularly sent a local doctor boxes of autographed baseballs, with the town's mayor using some for United Way fundraising. Musial also gave free meals at the restaurant he owned in St. Louis to any customers who presented valid ID proving they were Donora residents.

During his playing years, Musial believed in racial equality and supported Jackie Robinson's right to play. After learning about the harmful effect of smoking in the 1950s, he refused to endorse tobacco products.

Honors and recognition
On August 4, 1968, a statue of Musial was erected outside of Busch Memorial Stadium on the northeast grounds of the St. Louis stadium. The statue was moved from its original location to the west side of the new Busch Stadium for its first season in 2006. Musial's statue is inscribed with a quote attributed to former baseball commissioner Ford Frick: "Here stands baseball's perfect warrior. Here stands baseball's perfect knight." In 1968, Musial received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.

Musial was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in, when he was named on 93.2% of the ballots. He was ranked tenth on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players published in 1998. He was also one of the 30 players selected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team, added by a special committee after he finished 11th in fan voting among outfielders.

In 2022, as part of their SN Rushmore project, The Sporting News named Musial on their "St. Louis Mount Rushmore of Sports", along with fellow Cardinals Bob Gibson and Albert Pujols, and St. Louis Blues hockey player Brett Hull. That same year, MLB.com writers voted Musial as being the greatest player in Cardinals franchise history:

"Musial is one of the game's undisputed greats, and he played his entire 22-year career with the Cardinals. The outfielder and first baseman won three MVP Awards and finished second four other times. Musial won seven batting titles and led the league in runs five times, hits six times, doubles eight times, triples five times, RBIs twice, total bases six times and OPS seven times. He was a 24-time All-Star and a three-time World Series winner. He hit a career .331/.417/.559 and accumulated 128.3 WAR. Musial's No. 6 was the first number the Cardinals retired, and he became a first-ballot Hall of Famer in 1969."

On June 14, 1973, Musial was the first inductee into the National Polish-American Hall of Fame, housed at St. Mary's College in Orchard Lake, Michigan. In 1989, he was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. Five years later, a baseball field was named after him in his hometown of Donora. In 2000, he was inducted into the Hall of Famous Missourians, and a bronze bust depicting him is on permanent display in the rotunda of the Missouri State Capitol. In January 2014, the Cardinals announced Musial among 22 former players and personnel to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014.

Nearly two decades after Musial retired, baseball statistician Bill James and the sabermetrics movement began providing new ways of comparing players across baseball history. In 2001, James ranked Musial the tenth-greatest baseball player in history, and the second-best left fielder of all time. According to Baseball-Reference.com, he ranks fifth all-time among hitters on the Black Ink Test, and third all-time on the Gray Ink Test—measures designed to compare players of different eras. He ranks first on Baseball-Reference's Hall of Fame Monitor Test, and is tied for second in the Hall of Fame Career Standards Test. Despite his statistical accomplishments, he is sometimes referred to as the most underrated or overlooked athlete in modern American sports history. For instance, in his analysis of baseball's under- and overrated players in 2007, sportswriter Jayson Stark said, "I can't think of any all-time great in any sport who gets left out of more who's-the-greatest conversations than Stan Musial."

Musial threw out the first pitch in the fifth game of the 2006 World Series and delivered the ceremonial first pitch ball to President Barack Obama at the 2009 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. A "Stan the Man" day was held in his honor by the Cardinals on May 18, 2008. In 2010, another one of the Cardinals' greatest sluggers, Albert Pujols said he didn't want to be called "The Man", even in Spanish ("El Hombre"), because "There is one man that gets that respect, and that is Stan Musial." Also in 2010, the Cardinals launched a campaign to build support for awarding Musial the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his lifetime of achievement and service. The campaign realized its goal, and on February 15, 2011, Musial was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama who called him "an icon untarnished, a beloved pillar of the community, a gentleman you'd want your kids to emulate."

On October 18, 2012, Musial made his final appearance at Busch Stadium, riding in a golf cart around the field before Game 4 of the National League Championship Series. Musial stopped at both dugouts and greeted San Francisco Giants manager Bruce Bochy and Cardinals manager Mike Matheny. The Cardinals would go on to win Game 4 by a score of 8–3, but lost the pennant to the Giants.

Death
On January 19, 2013, surrounded by his family, Musial died at age 92 of natural causes at his home in Ladue, Missouri, on the same day as fellow MLB Hall of Fame inductee Earl Weaver. Cardinals owner Bill DeWitt Jr. released the following statement:

"We have lost the most beloved member of the Cardinals family. Stan Musial was the greatest player in Cardinals history and one of the best players in the history of baseball. The entire Cardinals organization extends its sincere condolences to Stan's family, including his children Richard, Gerry, Janet and Jean, as well as his eleven grandchildren and twelve great grandchildren. We join fans everywhere in mourning the loss of our dear friend and reflect on how fortunate we all are to have known 'Stan the Man'."

Upon hearing the news of his death, fans gathered and began an impromptu memorial at his statue outside Busch Stadium; the Cardinals issued a release saying the memorial would be left in place for some time. In a laudatory obituary, The New York Times quoted famed New York manager Leo Durocher: "There is only one way to pitch to Musial—under the plate."

Missouri Governor Jay Nixon commented: "Stan Musial was a great American hero who—with the utmost humility—inspired us all to aim high and dream big. The world is emptier today without him, but far better to have known him. The legacy of 'baseball's perfect warrior' will endure and inspire generations to come."

St. Louis Mayor Francis Slay tweeted: "Sad as we are, we are fortunate to have had Stan in STL for so long, and are also glad that Stan and Lil are together again." He ordered flags at half-staff in the city.

"Major League Baseball has lost one of its true legends in Stan Musial, a Hall of Famer in every sense and a man who led a great American life", Commissioner Bud Selig said. "He was the heart and soul of the historic St. Louis Cardinals franchise for generations, and he served his country during World War II. A recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2011, Stan's life embodies baseball's unparalleled history and why this game is the national pastime."

Thousands of fans braved cold temperatures on January 24 for a public visitation at the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis, where Musial lay in state, dressed in his trademark cardinal-red blazer and with a harmonica in his lapel pocket, flanked by a Navy honor guard. A private funeral Mass was held on Saturday, January 26, 2013, at the New Cathedral in St. Louis, televised locally by KTVI and KPLR as well as Fox Sports Midwest on pay-television. New York's Cardinal Timothy Dolan, who in his first episcopal post served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis, was the principal celebrant, and Knoxville's Bishop Richard F. Stika, Musial's former parish priest, was the homilist. Bob Costas gave the principal eulogy, calling him "the genuine hero who as the years and decades passed, and disillusionment came from other directions, never once let us down", and quoting fellow Cooperstown honoree Mickey Mantle, who once said that Musial "was a better player than me because he was a better man than me".

Legacy
As a reflection of his popularity, Musial has had infrastructure named after him. In May 2011, the Pennsylvania State Senate changed the name of the bridge that carries the C. Vance Deicas Memorial Highway (S.R. 1077) over the Monongahela River from Donora-Monessen Bridge to Stan Musial Bridge after Musial, who was a native of the area. In October 2013, the St. Louis Fire Department started operating a fireboat named after Musial. In July 2013, the new Interstate 70 bridge over the Mississippi River between Illinois and Missouri at St. Louis received the official name of Stan Musial Veterans Memorial Bridge. In 2013, the Bob Feller Act of Valor Award honored Musial as one of 37 Baseball Hall of Fame members for his service in the United States Navy during World War II. The Stan Musial Lifetime Achievement Award was named in his honor.

title: Stan Musial


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Talk:Cattaraugus County, New York

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Interesting
The very first revision of this article from 5 1/2 years ago says the name comes from the odor of natural gas. I just now removed that fact, because natural gas is odorless. Does it mean something else? Grand master  ka  08:14, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

Famous People
I took the liberty to remove all the "famous" people from the list who do not have Wikipedia pages. I think that it is reasonable to assume that if you are famous, and belong on this list, you should have a Wikipedia page. I'm happy to discuss this with anyone who disagrees. Hydramix (talk) 23:22, 14 August 2012 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx to http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx
 * Added tag to http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_36.txt
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fdecennial.html to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov to http://factfinder2.census.gov

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:31, 17 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Cattaraugus County, New York. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121004110755/https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/operating/opdm/aviation/repository/air_dir/n56.pdf to https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/operating/opdm/aviation/repository/air_dir/n56.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://factfinder2.census.gov/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060517023942/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/state/his/bk5/ch2.html to http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/state/his/bk5/ch2.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:55, 1 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cattaraugus County, New York