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Watertown, New York

Watertown is a city in, and the county seat of, Jefferson County, New York, United States. It is approximately 25 mi south of the Thousand Islands, along the Black River, about 5 mi east of where it flows into Lake Ontario. The city is bordered by the town of Watertown to the south, east, and west, and is served by the Watertown International Airport and the Watertown Daily Times newspaper. In the middle of Watertown lies the Public Square Historic District, which was built in 1805 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1984. Watertown is located 13 mi southwest of the U.S. Army base at Fort Drum; it is the service and shopping destination for personnel there and their families. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city has 24,685 residents, making it the largest city in the North Country.

The area was first surveyed in 1795, and was settled in March 1800 due to the abundant hydropower the Black River provided. The city was designated as the county seat of Jefferson County when it was split off from Oneida County in 1805. Watertown was incorporated as a village in 1816, and became a city in 1869. By then, it was booming as an industrial center for Upstate New York. By the early 20th century the city was said to have more millionaires per capita than any other city in the nation. During the mid 1960s, Chicago attracted many of the younger residents from the area along with their businesses, leading to the demolition of many historic buildings and a steady decline in population. By 2000, the city had lost over 7,000 residents.

The city serves as the commercial and financial center for the North Country. Located 30 mi from the Canadian border, shopping by Canadian visitors is important to Watertown's economy. The city also receives numerous tourists and summer residents. Watertown, South Dakota, was named in the city's honor.

Etymology
Watertown got its name from straddling the Black River. It is unknown which settler chose it, but it is commonly believed to have been a consensus choice in order to attract mills. By 1850, mills manufacturing different products, powered by the Black river, were being built throughout Watertown.

Precolonial and colonial eras

In 1791, New York City resident Alexander Macomb purchased the land of Jefferson, Lewis, St. Lawrence and Oswego county. He sent out multiple surveyors to sell the land to passing settlers. The area of Watertown was first surveyed in 1796 by Benjamin Wright, who was employed by Macomb to survey the northern and central portions of New York State. Wright made the following statement about the land after returning: "Along the river there is some good land and some that is broken and rocky. The river is amazing rapid and rocky; some falls along the river which may be made good mill seats, and some excellent pine timber along the river. On the east line is a fine country. The west line is of good quality. There are some fine mill seats in this town which on the map are marked 'falls' and 'rapids.' To speak generally I think this to be an excellent town-ship, and scarcely any poor land upon it. Will settle very fast, if laid in lots and sold to settlers." In 1798, pioneers Hart Massey, Henry Coffeen, and Zachariah Butterfield built cabins in what is now the Public Square area as part of a large migration into New York from New England after the Revolutionary War. The land was very uneven territory and was leveled out in one of the first landfill projects in the United States. The area was taken from the nearby town of Mexico in 1800.

Coffeen then moved his family into Watertown. He and the other pioneers chose the area due to the Black River, which flowed west into Lake Ontario about 5 mi away. Their vision was for an industrial center that would draw power from the river. In 1805, settlers cleared the center of town to create Public Square. During the 19th century, several significant buildings were built around it. The area has been designated as a historic district, listed on the NRHP. Watertown was designated as the seat of Jefferson County after it was split from Oneida County. At that time, Watertown was one of the least populated places in the county.

Watertown was incorporated as a village in 1816. In 1869, it reincorporated as a city.

Due to its proximity to Lake Ontario, Watertown became a popular location for transporting supplies into Canada, which helped its economy. As industry and businesses flourished, successful residents built substantial retail buildings, churches, and private residences close to the square. After the Embargo Act of 1807 was passed which prohibited trade with Britain and France, which at the time included Canada. The economy suffered as a result and eventually led to smuggling materials into Canada, leading to the War of 1812. During the Civil War, the 35th New York Infantry Regiment began in Watertown.

The Paddock Arcade, built in 1850 according to European and US models, is the oldest continuously operating enclosed mall in the United States. It is also listed on the National Register, as are several mansions and churches, such as the Emma Flower Taylor Mansion and the Trinity Episcopal Church. The drops in the Black at Watertown's location—40 ft in the center of town, and 120 ft over 2.5 mi—provided abundant water power for early industry.

By the mid-19th century, entrepreneurs had built paper mills and major industries, including one to manufacture the first portable steam engine in 1847. In the late 1840s Watertown saw an influx in population from Irish migration into the area during the famine. In 1849 a fire began in the public square that destroyed most of the surrounding buildings. In 1851, the city was joined to Albany, Syracuse, and Rochester as well as other major cities of the state with the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad. Other mills were added to the business base, generating revenue to support the city's early public works projects, such as the water system and illuminating gas works in 1853, and a telephone system in 1879.

Watertown claims that Rodman native Frank W. Woolworth conceived the idea of his eponymous mercantile chain while working here in 1878. Woolworth, then employed as a clerk in Moore's Store, set up a successful clearance display of low-priced items. This led to his idea of a store specializing in fixed-price, cut-rate merchandise. Woolworth left Watertown and opened his first store in 1879 in Utica. Among the many manufacturing businesses was the Davis Sewing Machine Company, which originated in Watertown. It was the predecessor to George P. Huffman's Huffy Corporation, now a maker of bicycles and other sporting goods.

In the late 1890s, many new factories and industries were established, increasing the population by over 17,000 in the span of 30 years. The city gained a reputation for gambling and prostitution. Watertown also developed an educated professional class of doctors and lawyers. The economic center of the country kept moving west following the development of the frontier and a shift of population into the Midwest. In 1920, the city adopted a city manager-style of government.

After the Wall Street Crash of 1929, many stores shut down and laid off a considerable amount of their workforce, leading to economic hardships until World War II, when Watertown's industries switched from consumer products to war materiel, revitalizing the economy.

Contemporary history
Little Trees were developed in Watertown in 1951; the Car-Freshner Corporation headquarters and manufacturing plant is located in the city. In the 1960s and 1970s, Watertown began a large de-industrialization which destroyed many historic buildings, such as the Hotel Woodruff and old courthouse. Watertown suffered economic and population declines. As Chicago boomed, it attracted many of the younger people from upstate New York for its business and professional opportunities. By the 1980s, unemployment in the area was up 20 percent.

In the 21st century, the city serves as a hub for a large rural area. In 2006, the city began a $7.4 million project that restored multiple buildings as well as fixing roads and walkways. The city completed this project in 2008, although more fixes are planned. In early 2019, Watertown was named "The Least Politically Prejudiced Place in America" by Amanda Ripley.

Geography
Watertown is around 60 mi northwest of Syracuse, 20 mi south of the Thousand Islands and 328 mi northwest of New York City. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.3 sqmi, of which 9.0 sqmi are land and 0.3 sqmi (3.45 percent) is water. Before the area was settled, all the land was rough and forested. Elevation was also a problem. The Black River, flowing westward through the city toward Lake Ontario, is a world-renowned kayaking destination. Competition-level kayaking events, such as the Blackwater Challenge, have been held on the river.

Climate
Watertown has a humid continental climate or hemiboreal climate(Köppen: Dfb), with cold, snowy winters and an atypical autumn maximum precipitation regime, this being far more common in areas on the west coasts of landmasses (this may be the result of Lake Ontario located to the west of Watertown, thus providing a "west coast"). Unless otherwise noted, all figures cited below are from the GHCN station located closer to downtown.

Winters can be very cold: temperatures remain at or below the freezing mark on an average of 54 days annually, and fall to 0 F or below on an average 20 nights. Moreover, Watertown is located in plant hardiness zone 4b, which means that the temperature is likely to drop below −20 F at least once a year. Summers are mild to warm, and temperatures of 90 F or above on average occur on only 3.1 days annually. Record temperatures range from a low of −39 F on December 29, 1933, up to highs of 99 F on July 20 and 27, 1894, although those at the airport have dropped as low as −43 F on January 16, 1994.

Precipitation averages 44.36 inch, and is distributed fairly uniformly throughout the year, with slightly more during autumn and slightly less during spring and late winter. Since Watertown is situated near the eastern edge of Lake Ontario, it receives much lake-effect snow, averaging 116.4 in of snowfall in the winter.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 26,705 people, 11,036 households, and 6,500 families living in the city. The population density was 2981.3 pd/sqmi. There were 12,450 housing units at an average density of 1,389.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 89.13 percent White, 4.95 percent Black or African American, 0.54 percent Native American, 1.16 percent Asian, 0.11 percent Pacific Islander, 1.67 percent from other races, and 2.45 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.59 percent of the population.

In 2009, the population was estimated at 27,489. There were 11,036 households, out of which 31.9 percent had residents under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7 percent were married couples living together, 14.2 percent had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.1 percent were non-families. 34.5 percent of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8 percent had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.99. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.9 percent under the age of 18, 10.4 percent from 18 to 24, 29.6 percent from 25 to 44, 18.5 percent from 45 to 64, and 15.5 percent who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,429, and the median income for a family was $36,115. Males had a median income of $31,068 versus $21,294 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,354. About 14.4 percent of families and 19.3 percent of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.2 percent of those under age 18 and 11.8 percent of those aged 65 or over.

As of the 2010 US Census, there were 27,023 people living in the city. The racial makeup of the village was 86.25 percent White, 6.04 percent African American, 0.58 percent Native American, 1.83 percent Asian, 0.18 percent Pacific Islander, 1.33 percent from other races, and 3.79 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 5.59 percent of the population.

As of the 2020 US Census, there were 24,685 people with 7.9 percent of residents being under the age of 5, 23.5 percent under 18, and 12.9 percent being over the age of 65, with 49.5 percent of residents being female and 50.5 percent being male. There were 10,867 households with 43.3 percent of the houses being made up of individuals. The population density was 2,996.0 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 83.8 percent White, 8.5 percent Black or African American, 1.0 percent Native American, 1.5 percent Asian, 7.8 percent Hispanic or Latino, 0.1 percent Pacific Islander, or 4.4 percent of two or more races.

Economy
During the 2020 US Census the median price for owner-occupied housing units was $133,400, with the median income for a household being $40,253. Because the city is located 30 mi from the Canada–United States border via the Thousand Islands Bridge, shopping by Canadian visitors is an important part of the local economy. In the 1980s, unemployment in the area was up 20 percent, and property values rapidly decreased. After Fort Drum was established, Watertown's industry shifted from industrial to consumer products.

Industry
The city contains Factory Square, 80 acre of factories that were once powered by the Black River. In the 1880s and 1890s, many new factories were established, which began an economic boom. In 1900 3,760 workers were employed in the factories. Immediately adjacent to the factories and river was a prominent saloon district, which became a common location for scams, and the Watertown Daily Times often referenced workers being scammed by "tinhorn gamblers and short-card men".

In fall 2019, the city began a revitalization program for Sewall's Island and Factory Square in hopes of attracting new investments, businesses, and identifying transformational projects in the area. The city was awarded a Strategic Planning and Feasibility Studies grant from the New York Department of State to pay for the plan.

Arts and culture
The Roswell P. Flower Memorial Library was built in 1904 as a memorial to Flower by his daughter, Emma Flower Taylor. The area also has a large Amish population.

Historic sites

Watertown contains a number of historic buildings and districts. Buildings on the NRHP include the Paddock Mansion (added December 11, 1979), the Watertown Masonic Temple (added January 23, 1980), and the Emerson Place (added April 18, 2003), as well as several buildings inside the 16 acre Public Square Historic District (added September 7, 1984). The Jefferson County Courthouse Complex is an example of the substantial architecture of the city.

Sports
The Duffy Fairgrounds is currently home to three sports teams. The Watertown Red & Black of the Gridiron Developmental Football League. The Red & Black are the oldest active semipro football team in the United States, founded in 1896. The Watertown Rapids of the Perfect Game Collegiate Baseball League have played here starting in 2017, following several professional teams. The Watertown Wolves have played at the municipal arena at the fairgrounds since 2012. They are a member of the Federal Prospects Hockey League and have won three titles, in 2015, 2018, and 2022.

After first hosting a minor league baseball team in the 1888 Eastern International League, Watertown and Duffy Fairgrounds hosted several others. The Watertown Bucks of the Can-Am League (1936), the Watertown Athletics of the Border League (1946-1951), the Watertown Pirates (1983-1988) and Watertown Indians of the New York-Penn League (1989-1998) played at the Duffy Fairgrounds. Watertown teams were an affiliate of the Boston Bees (1936), Pittsburgh Pirates (1983-1988) and Cleveland Indians (1989-1998).

Parks and Recreation
Thompson Park is about 450 acre of park designed by John Charles Olmsted. The park was gifted to the city in 1916. The park contains Zoo New York, which began in 1920 when the Northern New York Trust Company donated two whitetail deer to Thompson Park and the City of Watertown. The following are also located inside the park:

 * A half-acre (0.50 acre) of children's playground
 * A stone pavilion building with benches
 * Small stone stairways that serve as a hiking trail
 * Hills that are often used as sledding areas
 * The Watertown Golf Club
 * Tennis courts
 * Outdoor skating area
 * Cross-country ski trails

Government
The city's government was created after the village's incorporation in 1816. The act of incorporation provided for the election of five trustees, one for each ward. These extended to the formation of a fire department, the construction of water works and regulation of streets. In 1816, the first village election was held, at which Timothy Burr was chosen President. Sixteen years later, the village trustees were empowered by an act of the Legislature to borrow up to $2,000 ($ in modern dollars) to improve the fire department. In 1835 legislation authorized the construction of a market. In 1852, the boundaries of the village were extended and two wards added, making seven total. The officers consisted of a President, three Assessors, a Clerk, a Treasurer, a Collector and two police constables. Elections were held on the first Monday in March. Watertown is served by the Watertown Police Department and the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office.

Education
Watertown is served by the Watertown City School District. The elementary schools are North, Ohio, Knickerbocker, Sherman, and Starbuck. The higher-level schools are H.T. Wiley Intermediate School, Case Middle School, Watertown High School, Immaculate Heart Central Elementary, Intermediate, and Junior and Senior High Schools, the Catholic and secular educational institutions. There is also a Faith Fellowship Christian School. Jefferson Community College (JCC) is located in the northwestern part of the city and serves as the only institution of higher education within a 50 mi radius. It was started in 1961 and is part of the State University of New York (SUNY).

Media
The local newspaper, the Watertown Daily Times, is published seven days a week and serves Jefferson, St. Lawrence and Lewis counties. The Fort Drum Mountaineer is a weekly newspaper for Fort Drum soldiers and their dependents.

The Watertown market is served by four commercial television stations. The oldest is Carthage-licensed, CBS-affiliated WCNY-TV (channel 7), put on the air in 1954 by the publishers of the Watertown Daily Times. The station changed its call letters to WWNY-TV in 1965. After an unsuccessful struggle against the Federal Communications Commission and its directive for newspapers to divest themselves of television stations held within the same market, the Daily Times sold WWNY-TV to United Communications Corporation of Kenosha, Wisconsin, in 1981.

In 2001, United Communications entered into an agreement with Smith Broadcasting to operate a Fox network affiliate with low-power transmitters in Watertown and Massena. After a year of joint operation, UCC took complete ownership of WNYF-CD/WWNY-CD (channel 28). Both WWNY and WNYF were sold to Atlanta-based Gray Television in 2019.

Watertown is also served by PBS member stations WPBS-TV/WNPI-DT (channels 16/18), NBC affiliate WVNC-LD (channel 45), which also operates the area's MyNetworkTV affiliate on its LD2 subchannel, and ABC affiliate WWTI (channel 50), which also operates the area's CW affiliate through The CW Plus.

Radio
Watertown is served by a number of radio stations:

Radio stations are also heard in the Watertown area from neighboring communities including Kingston, Ontario in Canada. See also: Media in Kingston, Ontario

Infrastructure
The city is known partially because of its various late 19th century styles of architecture, including Eastlake as seen in the Paddock Mansion, Colonial Revival as seen in the Emerson Place and Queen Anne as seen in the Emma Flower Taylor Mansion.

Transportation
Watertown was the nexus of the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad, which was later absorbed into the New York Central Railroad (NYC) network. Watertown sat at the junction of five different lines, as trains from Syracuse, Rome, Oswego, and Utica passed through Watertown on their way to points along the St. Lawrence River (principally, Ogdensburg and Massena) and to Canada. The Watertown passenger station, situated along the Black River behind Public Square at what is now J.B. Wise Place, was described as among the finest in the system. With the decline in travel by rail after World War II, however, the last named passenger train with a sleeper section to the town was the Iroquois in 1961; the train carrying sleepers south from Watertown was the Fifth Avenue / Cleveland Limited, also ending in 1961. Passenger service to Watertown finally ended in 1964. The station itself was demolished and replaced with a parking lot. Although the rail network is greatly attenuated compared to its peak in the early 20th century, CSX Transportation still transports freight by rail through Watertown.

Interstate 81 runs through the Watertown area. It is a north-south route that runs from near Dandridge, Tennessee north to Hill Island, Ontario, connecting via the Thousand Islands Bridge and a short connecting road to Highway 401 across the Canada–US border. Interstate 81 passes just to the west of the city of Watertown, near Salmon Run Mall. Access to the highway is from Exits 45 (Route 3), 46 (Route 12F), and 47 (Route 12).

U.S. Route 11 runs from eastern New Orleans, Louisiana, to its northern terminus at the Canada–United States border in Rouses Point, New York. U.S. Route 11 runs north-south through the city of Watertown.

Many state highways converge on the city. New York State Route 3 is an east-west route that begins in Sterling and heads north and east to Watertown. NY 3 interchanges with I-81 at the city line. NY 3 heads east into Watertown, overlapping with both US 11 and NY 12 through downtown prior to leaving the city to the northeast to head through the Adirondacks to Plattsburgh.

New York State Route 12 is a north-south route through the city, extending northward to Clayton then following the St. Lawrence Seaway to Morristown. A spur, NY 12E, takes a slightly-longer path through Cape Vincent before rejoining NY 12.

New York State Route 12F is a spur connecting NY 12 in downtown Watertown to New York State Route 180 near the Watertown International Airport in Dexter.

Adirondack Trailways serves both Syracuse, to the south, and Potsdam, to the east, on its U.S. Route 11 run. CitiBus also serves Watertown.

Watertown International Airport is a county-owned, public-use airport located in Hounsfield, 6 mi west of Watertown's central business district of Watertown. American Eagle has scheduled flights to and from Philadelphia.

Historic

During the late 19th century through the mid 20th century, Watertown became known for its extensive list of politicians born in or who studied in the city, notable examples include John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles, who attended public schools in the city. The tallest building in the city, the Dulles State Office Building was named after Foster Dulles, and was built in 1970. Robert Lansing was born in Albany, New York in 1799 and moved to Watertown in 1817. Robert Lansing was born in Watertown and until 1907 he was a member of the law firm of Lansing & Lansing at Watertown and went on to become the 42nd United States Secretary of State. Joseph Mullin was born in Ireland and grew up in Watertown, and went on to be Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 19th district. Joseph Mullin was born in Watertown and was a member of the New York State Senate from 1892 until his death in 1897. Roswell P. Flower was born in Theresa and became Deputy Postmaster of Watertown in 1853, becoming 30th Governor of New York from 1892 to 1894. The Roswell P. Flower Memorial Library was named after him. Frank Winfield Woolworth was born in Rodman, New York and attended a business college for two terms in Watertown, New York where he came up for the idea of a five-and-dime.

Contemporary
Eric Anzalone was born in Dayton, Ohio, but grew up in Watertown, he was the leatherman of the group Village People from 1995 to 2017. Antonio Blakeney was born in Watertown and became a shooting guard for the Cleveland Charge. In May 2021, he was arrested for armed robbery but bonded out of jail. Bob McCreadie was born in Watertown and was a racer at the Watertown Speedway before its closure in 1975. Mary Gay Scanlon was born in Watertown and is a Member of the U.S. House of Representatives.

In popular culture
Watertown has appeared in multiple pieces of media over the years. Writer Fred Exley grew up in Watertown, and he set much of his 1968 novel A Fan's Notes in the city. Frank Sinatra's 1970 concept album Watertown explores the life of a middle-aged man in Watertown, whose wife has left him and his children. Harry Chapin made a famous quote: "I spent a week there one afternoon" about Watertown. His song "A Better Place to Be" was inspired by a story he heard in Watertown. Chapin mentioned both the quote and the origin of the song on his 1976 album Greatest Stories Live. Watertown was the given setting for the 1990 Bette Midler film Stella. While the movie was filmed in Ontario, several local items were taken there to be shown in the film, including the local daily newspaper, taxi-cabs, and shopping bags from the locally owned Empsall's department store. In the 2005 film Robots, the fictional town of Rivet Town was rumored to be based on Watertown, where director Chris Wedge lived during his teens. However, Wedge dismissed this in an interview.

title: Watertown, New York


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Croghan (village), New York

Croghan is a village in Lewis County, New York, United States. Its population was 618 at the 2010 census.

The village is situated mainly in the southern part of the town of Croghan, with a small part in New Bremen. The town and the village were both named after George Croghan, a soldier in the War of 1812.

The village slogan, which reflects Croghan's proximity to the Adirondack Mountains, is "In the Foothills of the Adirondacks".

History
The village was once a booming region for the lumber industry. During the late 19th century, one particularly influential member of the local community was millionaire lumber baron Theodore B. Basselin, whose estate sat on the corner of Main Street and Bank Street. His mansion remains there to this day. Basselin is buried in a private family plot along Main Street, next to the village library, which once served as the opera house.

Croghan survived two major fires in the early 1900s, the first of which claimed the lives of two small children. The fire started next to where Stumps Tavern now sits along Main and Mechanic and engulfed most of the village, even burning down the massive Catholic church and divinity school.

The village was a center of the pure maple syrup industry before a microburst in the mid-1990s which brought extremely high winds, destroying many of the older, larger trees.

Croghan is popular with avid outdoorsmen from throughout the country who visit the area in the summer for fishing and camping, in the fall for hunting, and in the winter for sledding.

Geography
Croghan is located northeast of the center of Lewis County at the junction of New York State Routes 126 and 812. It is primarily in the southern part of the town of Croghan, but a small portion of the village crosses into the town of New Bremen to the south.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.1 sqkm, all land.

The Beaver River, a tributary of the Black River, flows through the village. Croghan is 10 mi northeast of the county seat, Lowville.

Adjacent communities
Kirschnerville is to the east of Croghan, New Bremen to its south; Beaver Falls is down the Beaver River to the west, and Belfort up the river to the northeast.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 665 people, 284 households, and 178 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,525.7 PD/sqmi. There were 323 housing units at an average density of 741.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.65% White, 0.60% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.45% Asian, and 0.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.45% of the population.

There were 284 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.3% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 22.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $26,304, and the median income for a family was $37,969. Males had a median income of $27,969 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,183. About 6.7% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.4% of those under age 18 and 21.4% of those age 65 or over.

Places of interest
The American Maple Museum, located on Main Street, was formerly the Father Leo Memorial School.

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title: Croghan (village), New York


text:
Croghan, New York

Croghan is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 3,093 at the 2010 census. The town is in the northern part of the county and located northeast of the county seat, Lowville. The town contains a village also named Croghan, a small part of which is located in the adjacent town of New Bremen. Both the village and town are locally pronounced \Krō-gun\ (with a hard g and silent h, emphasis on the first syllable).

History
The southwestern part of the town was the locale of an ill-fated colony of refugees from the French Revolution. The settlements were disbanded by 1814. Modern settlement began circa 1830.

The town was formed in 1841 from the towns of Watson and Diana. In 1848, part of the town was used to help form New Bremen.

Theodore B. Basselin played a large part in Croghan's history. Mr. Basselin came to America and settled in Croghan, where he became the town's first millionaire due to his successful logging business. He was one of the town's top employers in his day.

The beautiful Basselin mansion still stands in downtown Croghan. Basselin was responsible for a few other landmarks in the town. The Croghan Library that was once the Basselin Opera House stands down the road from the Basselin mansion.

Also next to the library is the Basselin Cemetery. The American Maple Museum, which is located next to St. Stephen's church, was originally the Father Leo Memorial School. The school was built from the funds of the Basselin estate.

The Croghan Island Mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

1912 fire
The second great Croghan fire occurred on May 1, 1912. The fire caused considerable damage to the downtown business district of the village. 32 buildings were destroyed by the flames, with the total damage estimated to have been about $600,000.

Two children, who lived in the building where the fire started, died. The fire was so large that assistance had to be provided by the Lowville Fire Department, who sent a train into town with supplies and men.

The fire had its origin in a backyard bonfire which accidentally made its way into the Grounert Café building where two children of the family were trapped in the smoke-filled building. The children were eventually rescued from the blaze, but both died almost immediately afterwards.

The firefighters, who were excited by the rescue, underestimated the danger of the fire to spread to nearby structures. Most of the buildings at the time were wooden structures, which allowed the fire to spread quickly from building to building. The spreading happened so quickly that firefighters were driven from the hydrants with no time to shut them off. This weakened the water pressure significantly, which later handicapped the effort to stop the blaze.

The fire had crossed the street, setting both sides ablaze. 32 buildings were destroyed, including the post office, a general store, Peter Shinbourne's Shoe factory, William Ritz's Café, Raymond Lee's five and ten cent store, Norman Martin's hotel and many people's homes.

On the other side of the street, Monett's store, many more homes, the Town Hall, Honsicker's Meat Market, S.E. Simon's Drug Store, and Marilley's General Store were also destroyed. Marilley's Store alone lost an estimated $50,000 in damages. The Town Hall and Opera House had both been recently remodeled at large expense.

The local fire department realized that they needed assistance and made a call for help to Lowville. A train was sent with a chemical engine, 1500 ft of hose and a company of fifteen firemen. Much of the hose was lost because it could not be disconnected from the hydrants in time.

The Farney & Steiner and Virkler feed and grist mills were destroyed along with much value in machinery. One of the mill owners lost about $200,000. The fire was eventually stopped after firefighters concentrated their efforts.

The fire ended just short of St. Stephen's Roman Catholic Church. The Franciscan monastery with the large school building connected with it was also saved. On the opposite side of the street the blaze stopped at the Basselin Mansion, both of which still stand there today.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 182.1 square miles (471.5 km2), of which 179.4 square miles (464.7 km2) are land and 2.7 square miles (6.9 km2) (1.46%) are water.

The western town line consists partly of the border of Jefferson County, and the eastern town line is the border of Herkimer County.

The Black River defines the western town line. The Indian River flows from the northwestern part of the town. The Beaver River flows through the southern part of Croghan.

New York State Route 812 is a north–south highway in the town. NY-812 intersects New York State Route 126 at the south town line. NY-126 intersects east–west highway New York State Route 410 by the western town line.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,161 people, 1,115 households, and 855 families residing in the town. The population density was 17.6 people per square mile (6.8/km2). There were 1,664 housing units at an average density of 9.3 per square mile (3.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.24% White, 0.13% Black or African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.22% from other races, and 0.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.47% of the population.

There were 1,115 households, out of which 37.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.0% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.3% were non-families. 18.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.25.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $34,722, and the median income for a family was $39,267. Males had a median income of $28,712 versus $19,423 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,408. About 9.0% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.9% of those under age 18 and 15.5% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the town of Croghan

 * Beaver Falls – A hamlet west of Croghan village.
 * Beaver Falls Airport – An airport west of Beaver Falls. Was an emergency landing strip, but has not  been used in years.
 * Belfort – A hamlet northeast of Croghan village, colloquially known as "The City of the Future".
 * Bishas Mill – A location on the eastern town line east of Jerden Falls. Both are now only cellar holes.
 * Croghan – The Village of Croghan is at the southern town line on NY-812 and the Beaver River.
 * Dutton Corners – A location in the northern part of the town, northwest of Jerden Falls.
 * Forest City – A hamlet northwest of Croghan village.
 * High Falls – A hamlet northeast of Croghan village.
 * High Falls Pond – A small lake located next to the hamlet of High Falls.
 * Indian River – A hamlet  north of Croghan village on NY-812.
 * Jerden Falls – A location in the northern part of the town. Once had a large tannery and associated hamlet.
 * Karter Crossing – A location on the western town line near north Croghan Crossing.
 * Long Pond – A lake located by Oswegatchie Camp.
 * Naumburg – A hamlet at the junction of Routes NY-126 and NY-410 at the southwestern corner of the town near the confluence of the Black River and Beaver River.
 * North Croghan – A hamlet in Jefferson County, west of North Croghan Crossing.
 * North Croghan Crossing – A location at the western town line.
 * Oswegatchie Camp – A hamlet on the eastern town line, located northeast of Soft Maple.
 * Soft Maple – A hamlet near the eastern town line which consists of camps and a powerplant and a defunct gold mine.
 * Soft Maple Dam Pond – A lake located by the southwestern corner of the town.
 * Taylorville Reservoir – A reservoir located east of Belfort.
 * Texas – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town.

title: Croghan, New York


text:
Lowville (village), New York

Lowville is a  village in Lewis County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 3,470. The village is in the Black River Valley, between the foothills of the Adirondack Mountains and the Tug Hill Plateau, in an area often referred to as the North Country. It is located in the center of Lewis County, in the southeastern part of the similarly named town of Lowville.

Lowville is the county seat of Lewis County. The name of both the village and town is derived from Nicholas Low, an early landowner of Dutch descent, who had emigrated with his wife and three small children from a rural village outside of Amsterdam in 1778.

History
Silas Stow, an early settler, established himself in Lowville in 1797. The village of Lowville was incorporated in 1847 and charter was adopted in 1854. It was rechartered in 1858 and designated the county seat in 1864, succeeding the community of Martinsburg.

Within the village, the Franklin B. Hough House is a National Historic Landmark, and it, along with the Bateman Hotel, Lewis County Fairgrounds, Lewis County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, Lowville Presbyterian Church, and Stoddard–O'Connor House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Lowville is located in central Lewis County in the southeast part of the town of Lowville. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 4.9 sqkm, all land. It is just west of the Black River, and Mill Creek flows eastward through the village to the river.

The village is at the junction of state routes 12, 26 and 812. Route 12 leads northwest 27 mi to Watertown and south-southeast 55 mi to Utica, while Route 26 leads north-northwest 24 mi to Fort Drum and south 42 mi to Rome. Route 812 leads north-northeast 30 mi to Harrisville.

Whetstone Gulf, a 3 mi canyon cut into the eastern side of the Tug Hill Plateau, is 7 mi south of the village. The canyon is part of Whetstone Gulf State Park.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,476 people, 1,403 households, and 882 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,830.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,588 housing units at an average density of 836.4 /sqmi. In terms of racial composition, the village was 96.66% White, 0.75% Black or African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 0.75% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. Additionally, 1.01% of the population identified as Hispanic or Latino.

There were 1,403 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.1% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.2 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $32,841, and the median income for a family was $42,399. Males had a median income of $31,831 versus $21,422 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,172. About 13.9% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.5% of those under age 18 and 17.8% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Governmental offices and services for the village, the town, and the county are all located in Lowville, as is the Lewis County Courthouse, which houses the state supreme court, as well as the county, family, and surrogate's courts.

Lowville's mayor is Joe Beagle. Village judges are Jennifer Scordo and Rikki Stanton. Village clerk is Pamela Roes.

Economy
Lowville is a manufacturing hub, with one of the largest Kraft factories the company has producing all the company's Cream cheese and Cheese sticks. Next door to Kraft is the QubicaAMF bowling pin factory, the largest bowling pin factory in the world. There are also several paper mills around the area.

Health care
Lowville is home to Lewis County General Hospital which is the second largest hospital in the Lewis-Jefferson-St. Lawrence area.

Transportation
Lowville is served by New York State Route 26, New York State Route 812, and New York State Route 12.

Emergency services
Lowville is served by the Lowville Police Department. The village is also home to the Lewis County Sheriffs Department and Corrections Center, as well as a New York State Police barracks.

Lowville is served by the Lowville Volunteer Fire Department. The department responds to 250 calls a year operating three engines, one ladder truck, one rescue truck, one mini pumper, two tankers and a utility pickup.

Lewis County Search and Rescue is a career/volunteer ambulance service with over 2,000 ambulance calls a year serving half of Lewis County.

Education
Lowville Academy and Central School is located in the village, where it provides a K-12 education to approximately 1,500 students. The school was founded on March 21, 1808, by charter of the New York State Board of Regents and is one of the longest continually-operating schools in New York. The school won football Class C titles in 2016 and 2019 and made it to the 2019 basketball state title game before falling 75–74 in overtime.

Lowville is home to a satellite campus of Jefferson Community College. The campus offers college credit and non-college credit courses.

Notable people

 * Ela Collins, US congressman
 * Renie Cox, skier in the 1960 Winter Olympics
 * Charles Dayan, US congressman
 * Charles Melville Dewey, painter
 * Franklin B. Hough, forester
 * Jessie Fremont O'Donnell (1860–1897), writer
 * Peter Ostrum, childhood actor and now a veterinarian who resides in Lowville
 * Donald Planty, United States Ambassador to Guatemala
 * Silas Stow, land agent

title: Lowville (village), New York


text:
Lowville, New York

Lowville is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 4,888 at the 2020 census, down from 4,982 in 2010. The town is near the center of the county and is southeast of the city of Watertown. The town of Lowville contains a village also named Lowville, which is the county seat. The town is named after Nicholas Low, an early landowner. Low was of Dutch descent, and had emigrated with his wife and three small children from a rural village outside Amsterdam in 1778. Despite popular folk etymology, the name Lowville has nothing to do with its low elevation or the lowing cattle of the many nearby dairy farms.

History
Settled in 1798 by a company from Westfield, Massachusetts, the town was formed in 1800 from the town of Mexico in Oswego County. In 1803, part of Lowville was used to form the town of Harrisburg. The village of Lowville was incorporated in 1854 and was designated the county seat in 1864, succeeding Martinsburg.

Daniel Kelley, along with his six sons, settled in Lowville in 1798, moving from Middletown, Connecticut. With the help of others, Daniel put up a sawmill and a two-story house. One son, Datus, worked in the mill. In 1867, Datus' daughter Emeline (Kelley) Huntington wrote: "By a little brook which comes down from the long hills which rise almost like mountains on either side of the Black River, stands the same old mill where Father ground the wheat and corn for the country people. Its wheel is dripping and clattering still, doing duty as faithfully as of old. While the old miller who 'picked the stones and calked the gate' when the mill was new, has laid away his earthly casket in the little burying ground far away from the roar of the water which is constantly pouring over the mill dam."

In 1810 Datus married Sara Dean and moved to Rockport, Ohio. Datus and Sara then bought Kelleys Island in Lake Erie (Ohio) and founded the community called Kelley's Island.

Agriculture and dairy farming flourished in the Lowville area because of the rich soil on the Black River Flats. With the opening of the Black River Canal in 1851, the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad in 1867, and the Lowville and Beaver Railroad in 1906, industries flourished, including QubicaAMF (largest manufacturer of bowling pins in the world) and Kraft (the largest cream cheese plant in the country).

Dedicated in 2006, the Maple Ridge Wind Farm is one of the largest wind farms in the United States. The site has 195 wind turbines, with a total capacity of 320MW (equivalent to a mid-sized power plant). Maple Ridge (formerly Flat Rock Wind Farm) provides about $10 million in benefit to the local community, with about $2 million in annual payments to 75 landowners, and $8 million in tax revenues to the region. This site has increased New York's renewable energy generation by sixfold. The project is jointly owned by Iberdrola Renewables and EDP Renewables North America (formerly Horizon Wind Energy).

Peter Ostrum, who played the role of Charlie Bucket in Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, lives in and practices veterinary medicine in Lowville.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 38.1 sqmi, of which 37.8 sqmi are land and 0.3 sqmi, or 0.79%, are water.

New York State Route 177 ends at New York State Route 12 in Lowville. West-south highways New York State Route 26 and New York State Route 812 also pass through the town.

The Black River flows along the eastern side of the town.

Climate
Lowville has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). The warmest month is July and the coldest month is January. Winters have extensive snowfall due to the proximity to Lake Ontario.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,548 people, 1,796 households, and 1,172 families residing in the town. The population density was 120.3 PD/sqmi. There were 2,033 housing units at an average density of 53.8 /mi2.

There were 1,796 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,396, and the median income for a family was $42,358. Males had a median income of $32,375 versus $21,181 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,659. About 13.3% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.9% of those under age 18 and 14.6% of those age 65 or over.

Currently, the District Attorney (DA) Is Leanne Moser. (2 Term) The County Judge is Daniel King.

Festivals and annual events in Lowville
Every year, there is a festival to celebrate the home of the World's Largest Cheesecake, made in Lowville, by Kraft.

Communities and locations in the town of Lowville

 * Dadville – A hamlet northeast of Lowville village on NY-812 and the Black River.
 * Lowville – A village in the eastern part of the town.
 * Mill Creek – A stream flowing eastward through Lowville village to the Black River.
 * Smiths Landing – A former community on the shore of the Black River.
 * Stows Square – A former community, once located north of Lowville village.
 * West Lowville – A hamlet in the northwestern part of the town at the junction of Routes NY-12 and NY-177.

title: Lowville, New York


text:
Turin (village), New York

Turin is a village in Lewis County, New York, United States. The village is within the town of Turin and is north of the city of Rome. As of the 2010 census, the village population was 232.

History
The village was previously called "Turin Four Corners". The early village was the location of three gristmills.

Geography
The village of Turin is located on the southern edge of the town of Turin at 43.62889°N, -75.40917°W (43.628921, -75.409355). The village is located on New York State Route 26 (State Street), which leads north 12 mi to Lowville, the county seat, and south 30 mi to Rome.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.7 sqkm, all land. Mill Creek, a tributary of the Black River, flows through the northern side of the village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 263 people, 101 households, and 73 families residing in the village. The population density was 257.2 PD/sqmi. There were 134 housing units at an average density of 131.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 99.24% White, 0.38% Native American and 0.38% Asian.

There were 101 households, out of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 20.5% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $42,500. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,157. About 11.4% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.7% of those under the age of eighteen and 5.9% of those 65 or over.

title: Turin (village), New York


text:
Turin, New York

Turin is a town in Lewis County, New York, United States. The population was 768 at the 2020 census. Turin has a village, also named Turin. The town is south of Lowville, the county seat, and north of Rome.

History
The town was first settled circa 1797.

The town of Turin was established in 1800 from the town of Mexico (Oswego County). In 1803, part of Turin was used to create the town of Martinsburg. Another part of Turin was added to Martinsburg in 1819. The town of West Turin formed from another part of Turin in 1830.

On August 7, 2023, an EF3 tornado hit the town, causing significant damage.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 31.4 square miles (81.3 km2), of which 31.2 square miles (80.8 km2) is land and 0.2 square mile (0.5 km2) (0.67%) is water.

The eastern town line is defined by the Black River. Part of the town is on the Tug Hill Plateau.

New York State Route 12 and New York State Route 26 are north-south highways that parallel the Black River through the town. NY-12 is closer to the river.

Demographics
As of the census of 2020, there were 768 people, 445 households, and 379 families residing in the town. The population density was 24.6 people per square mile (9.5/km2). There were 454 housing units at an average density of 14.5 per square mile (5.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.5% White, 0.52% Black or African American, and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.91% of the population.

There were 445 households, out of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no spouse present, 12.1% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 14.8% were non-families. 9.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 22.4% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 22.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 131.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $79,375, and the median income for a family was $64,063. Males had a median income of $42,708 versus $27,306 for females. The per capita income for the town was $84,344. About 9% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the town of Turin

 * Burdicks Crossing – A former location on the Black River.
 * Glenfield – A hamlet near the Black River at the town line in the northeastern part of the town.
 * Gomer Hill – An elevation in the western part of Turin.
 * House Creek – An eastward-flowing tributary of the Black River.
 * Houseville – A hamlet on NY-26, north of Turin village. The community is named after its founder, Eleazer House.
 * Snow Ridge Ski Area – A skiing area north of Turin village.
 * Turin – A village on NY-26 near the southern town line.
 * Welch Hill – A hamlet by the southern town line, west of Turin village.
 * Whetstone Gulf State Park – A state park at the northern town line, north of Houseville.

In popular culture
The real-world geographic coordinates of Turin are found in an ancient temple beneath Rome, Italy in the "Da Vinci Disappearance" add-on mission for the Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood video game. It was discovered in the later game Assassin's Creed III that the coordinates marked the location of a Grand Temple hidden underground in Turin.

title: Turin, New York


text:
Avon (village), New York

Avon is a village in the town of Avon, Livingston County, New York, United States. The village population was 3,394 at the 2010 census, out of 7,146 people in the entire town. The village and town are named after the River Avon in England.

History
Avon was founded by European Americans along the Genesee River, across from the historic Seneca village known as Conawagus (in a transliterated spelling; also spelled as Ca-noh-wa-gas, Conewaugus, or Canawaugus, and as Ga:non'wagês in the Seneca language). The Seneca were among the original Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy and had occupied this territory for many hundreds of years prior to European encounter.

The Seneca village was located on the east side of the Genesee River, "about a mile above the ford". Ga:non'wagês was an important village to the Seneca during the eighteenth century. Their religious leader Handsome Lake was born here about 1735. One of his nephews, later known as Governor Blacksnake, moved here with his family shortly after his birth. He was an important war chief who allied with the British during the Revolutionary War; later he became one of the first Native Americans to publish his memoirs, aided by a fellow Seneca who translated them into English. An edited version of this memoir was published in 2005, with explanations of material about his people. The leader Cornplanter, a maternal uncle of Chainbreaker, was born in this village around 1750.

European-American (white) settlers did not reach any number until about 1785, after the Americans had gained independence in the Revolutionary War and forced the Iroquois nations who had been allied with the British to cede their lands in the region. Many of these new settlers were from New England and eastern New York. They organized the town in 1789 as "Hartford", and changed the name in 1808 to "Avon".

In the early 19th century, the village was noted as a spa and resort destination because of its nearby mineral springs. The village was incorporated in 1858. The Avon station on the Erie Railroad opened in 1865; railroads had superseded the Erie and related canals as the chief means of transportation of freight and passengers in the state. Avon was known historically in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for harness racing at the Avon Driving Park.

The Aaron Barber Memorial Building, Avon Inn, First Methodist Episcopal Church of Avon, Hall's Opera Block, and J. Francis Kellogg House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Avon is located at 42.91028°N, -77.7475°W (42.91029, -77.747687). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 8.1 sqkm, all land. The Genesee River forms the western boundary of the village. Avon is in the north part of Livingston County, near the border of Monroe County.

U.S. Route 20, New York State Route 5, and New York State Route 39 all were constructed to pass through the village or follow existing routes. Two miles to the east is Interstate 390. Rochester is 20 mi to the north, Canandaigua is 24 mi to the east, Geneseo, the Livingston county seat, is 9 mi to the south, and Batavia is 24 mi to the northwest.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,977 people, 1,151 households, and 749 families residing in the village. The population density was 992.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,215 housing units at an average density of 405.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 95.70% White, 1.85% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.24% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.97% of the population.

There were 1,151 households, out of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.2% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.4 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $40,109, and the median income for a family was $53,105. Males had a median income of $40,156 versus $27,470 for females. The per capita income for the village was $22,758. About 6.4% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.7% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.

title: Avon (village), New York


text:
Avon, New York

Avon is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. It is south of Rochester. The town population was 7,146 at the 2010 census. The town was named after Avon, Connecticut, a town in Hartford County. The village of Avon is in the northwest part of the town.

History
The area around and including what would become Avon village was inhabited for millennia by Paleo-Indians and later by the Seneca people, the westernmost tribe of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois). After the Iroquois title to the land was extinguished in 1788 with the Phelps and Gorham Purchase, white and Black settlement of the area began. In 1789, Dr. Timothy Hosmer, Maj. Isaiah Thompson, William Wadsworth, and others from Hartford, Connecticut, purchased a tract east of the Genesee River and named it "Hartford" after their homeland. The town was organized in 1797. The town's name was changed to "Avon" in 1808 to avoid confusion with another Hartford in Washington County, New York. In 1818, part of the town was removed to form the new town of Rush. County lines shifted as well, Avon and Rush both being part of Ontario County until the formation of Livingston County and Monroe County in 1821.

The first permanent white settlers of Avon village were Gilbert and Maria (Wemple) Berry in 1789, who operated a tavern and a rope ferry on the east bank of the Genesee River. When Gilbert died in 1797, Maria Berry continued serving travelers in the inn until about 1812. The town's first gristmill was built by Capt. John Ganson in northwest Avon in 1789 and the first sawmill in 1797 on the Conesus Outlet built by Dr. Hosmer.

Mineral springs were an important resource of the early town. Beginning in the 1820s, people became interested in water as a therapy for all sorts of maladies, and mineral waters in particular for their reputed health benefits and even as cures. Avon, redolent in natural springs, soon became extremely popular with the afflicted. The wealthy, too, seeking relaxation and leisure, flocked to the town from far and wide. Numerous hotels and spas sprang up to take advantage of this fad, and bottling companies packaged the mineral water for sale. By the late 1890s to early 1900s, most of the hotels that had not closed due to the decline of the spa era had succumbed to fire or were soon razed. The Avon Inn is the only spa structure still standing in the town.

Points of historic interest in Avon include:

 * The Avon Five Arch Bridge, a remnant of a railroad bridge over the Conesus Outlet at Littleville. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
 * The Avon Inn, added to the National Register in 1991.
 * The Avon Erie Railroad Station, now a restaurant
 * The Barber–Mulligan Farm, added to the National Register in 1980.
 * Charlton Farm, a residence designed by J. Foster Warner and now a bed and breakfast
 * Erie-Lackawanna Railroad bridge over the Genesee River, which connects Avon to the Genesee Valley Greenway, a rail trail.
 * First Presbyterian Church of Avon, constructed in 1812 and added to the National Register in 2005.
 * Tom Wahl's, a fast food restaurant chain which has its origin in Avon as a tiny ice cream shop called the Twin Kiss.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 106.9 sqkm, of which 106.7 sqkm are land and 0.14 sqkm, or 0.13%, are water.

The north town line is the border of Monroe County. The Genesee River defines the west town line, flowing northward past Avon village. Conesus Creek, flowing from Conesus Lake, empties into the Genesee, west of Avon village.

U.S. Route 20 and New York State Route 5 are east-west highways across the town and intersect New York State Route 39 in Avon village. New York State Route 15 is another north-south highway in the eastern part of the town. Interstate 390 connects the town to areas north and south.

Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
 * Rush [[Image:North.svg]]
 * Lima Honeoye Falls [[Image:East.svg]]
 * Livonia; Geneseo [[Image:South.svg]]
 * York; Caledonia [[Image:West.svg]]

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,443 people, 2,525 households, and 1,732 families residing in the town. The population density was 156.5 PD/sqmi. There were 2,671 housing units at an average density of 64.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 95.87% White, 1.54% Black or African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 1.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.38% of the population.

There were 2,525 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $43,971, and the median income for a family was $54,315. Males had a median income of $40,654 versus $25,559 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,379. About 6.2% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.3% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the town

 * Ashantee – A hamlet immediately south of Avon village on NY-39.
 * Avon – A village in the northwest part of the town.
 * East Avon – A hamlet (and census-designated place) in the eastern part of the town at the intersections of NY-5, NY-15, and US-20. The First Presbyterian Church of Avon was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
 * Littleville – A hamlet south of Avon village and adjacent to Ashantee.
 * North Avon – A hamlet in the northeast corner of the town.
 * South Avon – A hamlet south of Avon village on NY-39.
 * South Lima – Part of the South Lima census-designated place is in the southeast corner of the town.
 * Sugarberry – An historic hamlet in southwestern corner of the town.

People

 * John Hubbard Forsyth (1797–1836), defender of the Alamo
 * Jocko Halligan (1868–1945), Major League Baseball player
 * William Howe Cuyler Hosmer (1814–1877), noted poet; born in Avon
 * Jimmie Keenan (1899–1980), Major League Baseball player
 * Wilbur Murdoch (1875–1941), Major League Baseball player
 * Julia Ann Wilbur (1815–1895), abolitionist and suffragist
 * Ken O'Dea (1913–1985), Major League Baseball player
 * Leather Leone, Heavy metal musician

title: Avon, New York


text:
Caledonia (village), New York

Caledonia is a village in the town of Caledonia, Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 2,201 at the 2010 census, out of 4,255 in the entire town. The name refers to Scotland.

History
The town was settled around 1797 by families from Scotland. In 1803, the town was incorporated into New York as "Southampton". The name later changed to "Caledonia". The village of Caledonia was incorporated in 1891.

The village forms many associations with the adjacent hamlet of Mumford (town of Wheatland), even though they are in different counties. Wheatland was formed as the town of Inverness from the town of Caledonia in 1821. Inverness' name later changed to "Wheatland", as the town did not share the Scottish ancestry of Caledonia.

The fish hatchery at the north end of Caledonia village was built by Seth Green and is the oldest in the United States.

The Caledonia Fish Hatchery, Caledonia House Hotel and Clark-Keith House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Notable people

 * Angus Cameron, member of the United States Senate from Wisconsin; born in Caledonia
 * Matt Cappotelli, former professional wrestler

Government
Caledonia is made up of a Village and a Town. The current officials are: Daniel Pangrazio (Town Supervisor), Seth Graham (Town Clerk), Scott DiLiberto (Mayor), and Ann Marie Grattan (Village Clerk).

Geography
Caledonia is located in the northernmost part of Livingston County at 42.97361°N, -77.85417°W (42.973621, -77.854309). It is 20 mi southwest of Rochester, 17 mi east of Batavia and 14 mi north of Geneseo, the Livingston county seat.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 5.4 sqkm, all land. The Caledonia Fish Hatchery is at the north end of the village along an unnamed creek that flows north to Oatka Creek in Mumford and is part of the Genesee River watershed.

New York State Route 36 intersects New York State Route 5 in Caledonia.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 2,327 people, 902 households and 645 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,089.7 /sqmi. There were 939 housing units at an average density of 439.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup was 93.47% White, 3.95% Black or African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.69% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.95% of the population.

There were 902 households, of which 37.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.4% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.06.

27.4% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median household income was $44,309 and the median family income was $50,526. Males had a median income of $38,587 and females $27,917. The per capita income was $19,753. About 4.4% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under age 18 and 1.2% of those age 65 or over.

Community amenities
Caledonia's high school is Caledonia-Mumford Central School. The school's athletic teams are known as the Raiders.

The Caledonia Fire Department was established in 1887, existing until recently as both a Rural Fire Commission and a Village Fire Department. Currently, the Caledonia Fire District is the elected body which provides oversight and for financial needs of the emergency operations. The Fire Department provides manpower for the Fire District and holds social events and fund raisers for the benefit of the membership.

Ambulance services are provided by Genesee Valley Emergency Medical Services providing two ambulances and one advanced life support fly car. These services are available for both the village and town residents and reside within the Caledonia Fire District fire hall.

title: Caledonia (village), New York


text:
Caledonia, New York

Caledonia is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 4,255 at the 2010 census. The town contains the village of Caledonia. The town is in the northwestern part of the county and is southwest of Rochester. It is part of the Rochester metropolitan area.

History
The Seneca people long occupied much of present-day western New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio. They had a village in this area called "Canawaugus" (or Conawagus); it was located on the west side of the Genesee River. The site has since been absorbed by the town of Caledonia. Chief Cornplanter was born here around 1750 into the Wolf clan of his Seneca mother. His father was a Dutch fur trader, John Abeel, whose family had been established in Albany. Cornplanter was known as a statesman as well as a war chief, and he was influential in inviting Quakers to teach Seneca children on his land.

The first European-American settlements did not take place until around the 1790s, after the Revolutionary War. The Seneca, as allies of the defeated British, were forced to give up most of their land to the United States. The first known permanent white settlement began in 1797. The town of Caledonia was established in 1803 as the "Town of Southampton," having previously been known as "Northampton." Settlers from Scotland renamed it "Caledonia", the Latin name for Scotland, in 1806.

Part of the territory of the town was used to form the town of Bellona in 1812; its name was changed to Le Roy (Genesee County) in 1813. As the population increased, in 1819, another part of Caledonia was removed to form part of the town of York. The town of Wheatland (Monroe County) was formed from Caledonia in 1821.

Points of Historical Interest

 * Caledonia Fish Hatchery, first fish hatchery in the United States; listed on the National Register of Historic Places
 * Caledonia House Hotel, listed on the National Register of Historic Places
 * Clark-Keith House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places

Notable people

 * Governor Blacksnake (1700s-1859), Seneca war chief and leader, resided at Canawaugus
 * Matt Cappotelli (1979–2018), professional wrestler
 * Paul Cook (1863–1905), Major League Baseball player
 * Cornplanter (c. 1730s-1836), Seneca war chief and diplomat
 * Seth Green (1817–1888), pioneer in fish farming, established the first fish hatchery in North America at Caledonia in 1864
 * Handsome Lake (1735–1815), Seneca religious leader
 * Vivika Heino (1910–1995), noted ceramicist, born at Caledonia
 * Elizabeth Martha Olmsted (1825–1910), poet

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 114.3 sqkm, of which 113.6 sqkm are land and 0.7 sqkm, or 0.57%, are water.

The north town line is the border of Monroe County, and the west town line is the border of Genesee County.

New York State Route 5 is an east–west route in the town. US Route 20 also crosses the southeast part of the town from west to east. New York State Route 36, a north–south highway, intersects both of these highways.

The Genesee River helps define the east town line.

Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
 * Wheatland [[Image:North.svg]]
 * Rush; Avon [[Image:East.svg]]
 * York [[Image:South.svg]]
 * Pavilion; Le Roy [[Image:West.svg]]

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,567 people, 1,671 households, and 1,268 families residing in the town. The population density was 103.5 PD/sqmi. There were 1,750 housing units at an average density of 39.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 94.11% White, 3.50% Black or African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.53% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 1.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.83% of the population.

There were 1,671 households (out of which 39.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them), 61.3% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73, and the average family size was 3.13.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $46,359, and the median income for a family was $50,607. Males had a median income of $37,287 versus $28,159 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,611. About 3.6% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 0.8% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Caledonia

 * Baker – A hamlet in the northeast part of the town.
 * Caledonia – The village of Caledonia is near the north town line on NY-5 at the junction of NY-36.
 * Caledonia Fish Hatchery – A state fish breeding location by the north town line, north of Caledonia village on NY-36.
 * Canawaugus – A hamlet in the southeast part of town on NY-5. It was a former Seneca village.
 * Maxwell – A hamlet in the northeast part of the town.
 * Menzie Crossing – A hamlet northeast of Caledonia village near the north town line.
 * Taylor – A hamlet south of Caledonia village on NY-36.
 * Toggletown – A hamlet on the south town line, on US-20.

Community amenities
Caledonia's high school is Caledonia-Mumford Central School, or Cal-Mum. The school's athletic teams are known as the Raiders.

The Caledonia Fire Department was established in 1887, existing until recently as both a rural fire commission and a village fire department. Currently the Caledonia Fire District is the elected body which provides oversight and for financial needs of the emergency operations. The fire department provides manpower for the fire district and holds social events and fundraisers for the benefit of the membership. In 2013 the Caledonia Fire Department responded to 233 calls for service. More information regarding the Caledonia Fire District can be found at caledoniafiredistrict.org and on Facebook.

Ambulance services are provided by CHS Mobile Integrated Healthcare providing ambulance transport and advanced life support response. These services are available for both the village and town residents and currently housed at 3338 Caledonia-Avon Road.

title: Caledonia, New York


text:
Leicester (village), New York

Leicester is a village in the town of Leicester, Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 468 at the 2010 census, out of 2,200 in the entire town of Leicester. The village and town are named after Leicester Phelps, an early inhabitant.

History
The village was formerly called "Leister" and "Moscow". It was incorporated in 1850.

The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Station was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Notable people

 * Daniel O. Mahoney, former Wisconsin State Assemblyman
 * George W. Patterson, former US congressman and lieutenant governor of New York
 * Eben Norton Horsford, former baking powder magnate.

Geography
The village is in western Livingston County, in the center of the town of Leicester. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.9 sqkm, all land. The northern border of the village is Beards Creek, an east-flowing tributary of the Genesee River.

The village is at the junction of U.S. Route 20A, New York State Route 36, and New York State Route 39. It is 5 mi west of Geneseo, the Livingston county seat, and 34 mi southwest of Rochester.

The village is 3 mi north of Mount Morris Dam at the north end of Letchworth State Park.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 469 people, 175 households, and 130 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,317.8 PD/sqmi. There were 186 housing units at an average density of 522.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 95.74% White, 0.43% Black or African American, 0.21% Native American, 1.49% from other races, and 2.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.35% of the population.

There were 175 households, out of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $43,750, and the median income for a family was $55,357. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $27,386 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,752. About 6.4% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.5% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.

title: Leicester (village), New York


text:
Leicester, New York

Leicester is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 2,200 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Leicester Phelps, an early inhabitant.

Leicester is on the western border of Livingston County. The village of Leicester is at the center of the town. Leicester is west of Geneseo.

History
The area was a major stronghold of the Seneca people until the American Revolution, with three major villages: Little Beard's Town, Big Tree, and Squakie Hill. These three settlements were a target of the Sullivan Expedition in 1779, to end raids on American communities.

The town was first settled around 1789. The town was formed in 1802, but the name, originally spelled "Lester" or "Leister", was changed in 1805 to the current form. The town was later reduced in size by the creation of newer towns: Mount Morris (1813) and York (1819).

The Coverdale Cobblestone House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 87.9 sqkm, of which 0.01 sqkm, or 0.01%, are water. The Genesee River forms the eastern border of the town, and the west town line is the border of Wyoming County.

The concurrent routes of U.S. 20A and New York State Route 39 form an east-west highway across the town from Pine Tavern to the eastern town line. West of Pine Tavern, US 20A and NY 39 follow separate roadways to the western town line. New York State Route 36 is a north-south highway, intersecting US-20A and NY-39 at Leicester village.

Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
 * York [[Image:North.svg]]
 * Geneseo [[Image:East.svg]]
 * Mount Morris [[Image:South.svg]]
 * Castile; Perry; Covington [[Image:West.svg]]

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,287 people, 849 households, and 640 families residing in the town. The population density was 68.2 PD/sqmi. There were 900 housing units at an average density of 26.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.86% White, 0.87% Black or African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.04% Asian, 0.48% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.01% of the population.

There were 849 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $41,230, and the median income for a family was $46,652. Males had a median income of $35,450 versus $26,420 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,655. About 4.6% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Students who reside in the town of Leicester typically attend York Central School. Students living on the borders of Leicester could also attend the schools of bordering towns including Geneseo, Perry and Mt. Morris.

Notable person

 * George W. Patterson, US congressman

Communities and locations in the town

 * Beards Creek – A tributary of the Genesee River, named after native leader "Little Beard".
 * Big Tree – Former native community and later a reservation partly in the town.
 * Cuylerville – A hamlet and census-designated place northeast of Leicester village on Routes 20A and NY-39.
 * Gibonville – A former community in the southwest part of the town.
 * Leicester – The village of Leicester is centrally located in the town on US-20A at the junction with NY-36.
 * Letchworth State Park – A state park at the south town line.
 * Little Beard's Town – A former native community located near present-day Cuylerville.
 * Pine Tavern Corners or Pine Tavern – A hamlet southwest of Leicester village on Routes 20A and 39.
 * Squakie Hill – Former native community and (later) a former reservation at the Genesee River west of NY-36.
 * Teed Corners – A hamlet near the north town line on NY-36.

title: Leicester, New York


text:
Lima (village), New York

Lima is a village in the town of Lima, Livingston County, New York, United States. The population of Lima village was 2,139 at the 2010 census, out of 4,305 in the entire town.

History
The village was founded in 1788 by Paul Davison and Jonathan Gould, veterans of the Sullivan Campaign, who had seen the area during the American Revolution. The village of Lima was organized in 1797 as the "Village of Charleston", but in 1808 the name was changed to "Lima", after Old Lyme, Connecticut. (For that reason, the name of the village is currently pronounced like the name of the bean, not like the name of the city in Peru).

The Genesee Wesleyan Seminary (1830) / Genesee College (1849) was one of the first co-educational schools in the country when it opened in 1822. Eventually, determined by a Methodist-Episcopal convention in 1870, the college was shut in favor of the newly developed Syracuse University (1871), over the protests of the residents of Lima.

Notable people

 * Belva Ann Lockwood, first female attorney to practice before the Supreme Court
 * Kenneth Keating, U.S. representative, senator, and ambassador to Israel
 * James Edward Quigley, former archbishop of Chicago
 * W. W. Thayer, former governor of Oregon
 * Henry Jarvis Raymond, founder of the New York Times

National Register of Historic Places
The following sites are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

 * }

Geography
Lima is located near the northeastern corner of Livingston County at 42.90639°N, -77.61278°W (42.906511, -77.612808), at the center of the town of Lima. It is at the intersection of conjoined New York State Route 5/U.S. Route 20 (in part, Avon Lima Road and East Main Street) and New York State Route 15A (in part Rochester Road and Plank Road). The village is 4 mi east of Interstate 390, 15 mi northeast of Geneseo, the Livingston county seat, and 19 mi south of Rochester.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.5 sqkm, all land. The eastern boundary of the village is formed by Spring Brook, a northward-flowing tributary of Honeoye Creek and part of the Genesee River watershed.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,459 people, 770 households, and 532 families. The population density was 1,783.4 PD/sqmi. There were 800 housing units at an average density of 580.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 95.65% White, 1.46% Black or African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.73% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.49% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.71% of the population.

There were 770 households, out of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 19.0% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $41,646, and the median income for a family was $52,102. Males had a median income of $29,966 versus $25,429 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,622. 5.3% of the population and 3.4% of families were below the poverty line. 3.4% of those under the age of 18 and 6.6% of those 65 and older are all living below the poverty line.

title: Lima (village), New York


text:
Lima, New York

Lima (, the name is a shibboleth) is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 4,305 at the 2010 census. The town is in the northeast part of the county, south of Rochester. The village of Lima is located within the town.

History
The town of Lima was organized in 1789 (before Livingston County was established) as the "Town of Charleston", but was renamed "Lima" in 1808 to reflect that many residents had come from Old Lyme, Connecticut, and to avoid confusion with the town of Charleston in Montgomery County, New York.

The Genesee Wesleyan Seminary (1830) / Genesee College (1849) in Lima village was one of the first co-educational schools in the country when it first opened in 1822. Eventually, determined by a Methodist-Episcopal convention in 1870, the college was shut in favor of the newly developed Syracuse University (1871), over the protests of the residents of Lima.

The population of Lima was 1,890 in 1920.

The Ganoung Cobblestone Farmhouse, Godfrey House and Barn Complex, Leech-Lloyd Farmhouse and Barn Complex, Leech-Parker Farmhouse, Markham Cobblestone Farmhouse and Barn Complex, Martin Farm Complex, Ogilvie Moses Farmhouse, Zebulon Moses Farm Complex, and Thomas Peck Farmhouse are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Lima is in northeastern Livingston County. The northern town line is the border of Monroe County, and the eastern town boundary is the border of Ontario County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 82.7 sqkm, of which 0.1 sqkm, or 0.17%, are water. Honeoye Creek, a north-flowing tributary of the Genesee River, defines the eastern town line.

New York State Route 5 (in part, Avon-Lima Road and East Main Street) conjoined with U.S. Route 20 is a major east-west highway. New York State Route 15A, a north-south highway, intersects NY-5/US-20 in Lima village.

Adjacent towns and areas
(Clockwise)
 * Mendon [[Image:North.svg]]
 * West Bloomfield [[Image:East.svg]]
 * Richmond; Livonia [[Image:South.svg]]
 * Avon; Rush [[Image:West.svg]]

Education
Public schools in Lima are in the Honeoye Falls-Lima Central School District and include Honeoye Falls-Lima Senior High School, Honeoye Falls-Lima Middle School, and Manor Intermediate School. The Lima Primary School is in the district. The school mascot is the cougar.

As of June 2009, Genesee Community College had started construction for one of its satellite campuses. The campus was expected to be finished and open for the fall 2009 semester.

Elim Bible Institute and College is located in Lima village. It is a Christian college that offers a two-year degree and certifications in religious study.

Lima Christian School (est. 1974) is a private school representing 15 local districts, grades K-12.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,541 people, 1,553 households, and 1,102 families residing in the town. The population density was 142.4 PD/sqmi. There were 1,610 housing units at an average density of 50.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.87% White, 1.04% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.26% of the population.

There were 1,553 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 13.2% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 24.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $48,774, and the median income for a family was $57,127. Males had a median income of $40,607 versus $26,316 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,972. About 2.7% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Lima

 * Commins Corners – A location in the northeast part of the town.
 * Idaho – A location in the southeast corner of the town.
 * Lima – A village on NY-5/US-20.
 * North Bloomfield – A hamlet at the east town line in the North-Eastern corner of the town. The North Bloomfield School was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.
 * South Lima – A hamlet and census-designated place at the southwest corner of the town.

Notable people

 * Emily M. J. Cooley, religious and temperance leader
 * Kenneth Keating, U.S. senator
 * Ken O'Dea, Major League Baseball player
 * James Edward Quigley, former archbishop of Chicago
 * Henry Jarvis Raymond, journalist, politician, and founder of The New York Times.
 * Andrew Jackson Thayer, U.S. congressman

title: Lima, New York