text:
Home Alone 2: Lost in New York

Home Alone 2: Lost in New York is a 1992 American Christmas comedy film directed by Chris Columbus and written and produced by John Hughes. The sequel to the 1990 film Home Alone and the second film in the Home Alone franchise, the film stars Macaulay Culkin, Joe Pesci, Daniel Stern, John Heard, Tim Curry, Brenda Fricker and Catherine O'Hara. It follows Kevin McCallister as he is separated from his family on their holiday vacation to Florida, this time in New York City where he has another encounter with the Wet Bandits after their escape from prison.

Hughes finished writing the film by February 1991, after signing a six-picture deal with 20th Century Fox. Culkin's return was confirmed in May, and the rest of the cast was finalized soon after. Principal photography took place between December 1991 and May 1992, and was done on location in Illinois and New York, including at the Rockefeller Center and the original World Trade Center.

Home Alone 2 was theatrically released in the United States by 20th Century Fox on November 20, 1992. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the performances while criticizing its darker tone and violence, as well as its similarities to the first film. The film grossed over $359 million worldwide, becoming the third-highest-grossing film of 1992. A sequel with a new cast, Home Alone 3, was released in 1997. Home Alone 2 is the only Home Alone sequel to feature the majority of the cast from the first film; Devin Ratray reprised his role as Buzz McCallister in the sixth film in the franchise, Home Sweet Home Alone.

Plot
The McCallister family is preparing to spend Christmas in Miami, and gathers at Kate and Peter's Chicago home. Their youngest son, Kevin, views Florida as contradictory to Christmas, due to its tropical climate and lack of Christmas trees.

At a school Christmas pageant, during Kevin's solo, his older brother Buzz embarrasses him; Kevin retaliates by pushing him, which causes the entire choir to fall and ruins the pageant. At home, Buzz makes a false apology to Kevin, which the family accepts, but Kevin refuses to apologize for his actions and berates his family for believing Buzz's lies and for wanting to spend Christmas in Florida. He storms off to the attic, wishing to have his own vacation alone.

The next morning, the family oversleeps and rushes to the airport. Kevin goes with them, but he becomes separated while carrying Peter's bag and accidentally boards a flight to New York City. Upon arrival, he decides to tour the city and encounters a homeless woman tending to pigeons in Central Park, who scares him off. He uses Peter's credit card to check in at the Plaza Hotel, not knowing that his old rivals, the Wet Bandits (Harry and Marv), now renamed the “Sticky Bandits” due to Marv’s sticky glove, have also reached the city after escaping from prison.

On Christmas Eve, Kevin visits a toy store whose kindly owner, Mr. Duncan, plans to donate the day's sale proceeds to a children's hospital. After Kevin makes a donation, Mr. Duncan gives him a pair of ceramic turtledoves in thanks, instructing him to give one to another person as a gesture of eternal friendship. Kevin encounters Harry and Marv upon leaving the store and flees back to the Plaza. The concierge at the hotel confronts Kevin about his use of Peter's credit card, now reported as stolen; Kevin flees the hotel but is caught by Harry and Marv. Marv mentions his and Harry's plan to rob the toy store before Kevin escapes in an encounter with a female passerby, who slugs Harry and Marv.

Earlier, upon landing in Miami, the McCallister family discover that Kevin is missing and file a police report. After the police trace Peter's credit card, the family flies immediately to New York. Meanwhile, Kevin goes to his uncle Rob’s townhouse, only to find it vacant and undergoing renovations. In Central Park, Kevin encounters and eventually befriends the pigeon lady, who takes him to Carnegie Hall. She explains how her life collapsed when her lover left her, and Kevin encourages her to trust people again. After considering her advice that he perform a good deed to make up for his misdeeds, and recalling Mr. Duncan's intent to donate to the hospital, he decides to prevent the toy store robbery.

Kevin rigs the townhouse with handmade booby traps, catches Harry and Marv in the process of robbing the store, and breaks its front window to set off the alarm. After taking their picture, he lures them to the townhouse where they repeatedly injure themselves in the traps. Kevin evades them, calls the police from a pay phone, and flees toward Central Park. Harry and Marv catch him after he slips on ice and prepare to shoot him, but the pigeon lady throws a bucket of birdseed onto them, attracting a massive flock of pigeons and incapacitating the pair until the police arrive to arrest them. Kevin slips away, leaving photographic and tape-recorded evidence against Harry and Marv, and Mr. Duncan recovers the donation money and finds a note from Kevin explaining the broken window. The McCallisters arrive in New York, and Kate, remembering Kevin's fondness for Christmas trees, finds him making a wish at the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree.

On Christmas morning, a truckload of free gifts arrives at the McCallisters' hotel room, sent from a grateful Mr. Duncan for foiling the robbery. Kevin reconciles with his family and gives one of his turtledoves to the pigeon lady, cementing their friendship.

Production
In February 1991, the Los Angeles Times reported that John Hughes was to sign a six-picture deal with 20th Century Fox; among the projects was a sequel to Home Alone. In May 1991, Culkin was paid $4.5 million plus 5 percent of the film's gross to appear in the sequel, compared to $110,000 for the original. The production budget was $28 million.

Principal photography took place from December 9, 1991, to May 1, 1992, over a course of 144 days; the film was shot in Winnetka, Illinois; O'Hare International Airport in Chicago; Evanston, Illinois; and New York City. According to director Chris Columbus, Donald Trump, the owner of the Plaza Hotel at the time, allowed the crew to shoot scenes in the hotel lobby and one of its suites in exchange for a cameo in the film in addition to the standard fee for film productions. Pesci suffered burns to his head while filming the scene in which Harry's hat is set on fire.

Music
John Williams returned to score Home Alone 2, as well as other festive tracks. While the film featured the first film's theme song "Somewhere in My Memory" (with lyrics by Bette Midler), it also contained its own theme entitled "Christmas Star" (lyrics by Leslie Bricusse). Two soundtrack albums of the film were released on November 20, 1992, with one featuring Williams' score and the other featuring Christmas songs featured in the film. Ten years later, a 2-disc Deluxe Edition of the film score soundtrack was released by Varèse Sarabande.

Marketing
Numerous video games based on Home Alone 2 were released by THQ for such systems as the Sega Genesis, the Nintendo Entertainment System, the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy and personal computers, mostly in late 1992. A separate hand-held game was released by Tiger Electronics. Numerous board games were also released, some based around play cards, while another was a close emulation of the classic Mouse Trap.

The Talkboy cassette recorder was produced as a tie-in for the movie by Tiger Electronics based on specifications provided by John Hughes and the movie studio, and sold particularly well after the film was released on home video. Additional promotional partners included American Airlines through which the McCallisters make their trip via the airline's two Boeing 767s, the Coca-Cola Company, Jack in the Box, Hardee's, and Roy Rogers Restaurants.

Home media
The film was first released by Fox Video on VHS and LaserDisc on July 27, 1993. It was later released on DVD on October 5, 1999, as a basic package. The film was released on Blu-ray on October 6, 2009, with no special features, and was released alongside Home Alone in a collection pack on October 5, 2010. The film was reissued again on DVD and Blu-ray on October 6, 2015, alongside all five Home Alone franchise films, titled Home Alone: 25th Anniversary Ultimate Collector's Christmas Edition.

Box office
Home Alone 2 opened with $31.1 million from 2,222 theaters, averaging $14,009 per site. It broke the short-lived record set one week earlier by Bram Stoker's Dracula for having the largest November opening weekend. The film went on to hold this record until 1994 when it was taken by Interview with the Vampire. Additionally, it achieved the highest opening weekend for a Chris Columbus film and would hold that record until it was surpassed by Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in 2001. It started off better than Home Alone, grossing $100 million in 24 days compared to 33 days for the original. However the final box office gross was lower with $173.6 million in the United States and Canada and a worldwide total of $359 million, compared to $476 million for the first film. The film was released in the United Kingdom on December 11, 1992, and topped the country's box office that weekend. The film is the third-highest-grossing film released in 1992 behind The Bodyguard and Aladdin. In the United States and Canada, it grossed more than The Bodyguard and ranked second.

Initial
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of based on  reviews, with an average rating of. The site's critical consensus reads: "A change of venue – and more sentimentality and violence – can't obscure the fact that Home Alone 2: Lost in New York is a less inspired facsimile of its predecessor." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 46 out of 100 based on 22 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale, a grade lower than the "A" earned by its predecessor.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film two out of four stars and stated that "cartoon violence is only funny in cartoons. Most of the live-action attempts to duplicate animation have failed, because when flesh-and-blood figures hit the pavement, we can almost hear the bones crunch, and it isn't funny." Kenneth Turan, reviewing for the Los Angeles Times, wrote: "Whatever was unforced and funny in the first film has become exaggerated here, whatever was slightly sentimental has been laid on with a trowel. The result, with some exceptions, plays like an over-elaborate parody of the first film, reminding us why we enjoyed it without being able to duplicate its appeal." Dave Kehr of the Chicago Tribune wrote the sequel "plays like a coarsened, self-parodying version of the original, in which the fantasy elements have become grubbier and more materialistic, the sentimentality more treacly and aggressive, and the slapstick violence—already astonishingly intense in the first film—even more graphic and sadistic." Brian Lowry of Variety noted the sequel's derivativeness when compared to the original film, but wrote the "action sequences are well-choreographed, if, perhaps, too mean-spirited even in light of their cartoonish nature".

Janet Maslin for The New York Times acknowledged that "Home Alone 2 may be lazily conceived, but it is staged with a sense of occasion and a lot of holiday cheer. The return of Mr. Culkin in this role is irresistible, even if this utterly natural comic actor has been given little new to do. Mr. Pesci and Mr. Stern bring great gusto to their characters' stupidity, to the point where they are far funnier just walking and talking than they are being hurt." Reviewing for Time magazine, Richard Schickel noted "Home Alone 2 precisely follows the formula that made its predecessor the biggest grossing comedy in human history. But no, it is not a drag, and it is not a rip-off. Look on it as a twice-told fairy tale." He praised Hughes and Chris Columbus and felt "the details of the situations are developed vividly and originally. And they are presented with an energy and a conviction that sequels usually lack." Duane Byrge of The Hollywood Reporter wrote that while the "sequel is merely a superimposition of the original, kids will be delighted" by it. He further praised Culkin as "breezily winning", felt Pesci and Stern deserved combat medals, and Curry served as "a terrific foil for Kevin's pranks".

Retrospective
During the 21st century, online reviewers have looked more favorably on the film. John Nugent of Empire magazine, in a 2022 article entitled 'Why Home Alone 2: Lost In New York Is Better Than Home Alone ', argued that the film was "a sequel that effectively also functions as a remake, a film that recognises the greatness of what came before and wisely hews as close to that winning formula as possible." Nugent also opined that "by setting the final showdown in a house undergoing renovations, the filmmakers give themselves room to be more ambitious, wild, and far more brutal" and praised the work of stunt coordinator Freddie Hice since no CGI was used. Also writing in 2022, Reid Goldberg of Collider noted: "A significant part of the film's appeal... is that it's unapologetic in taking everything they loved about the first film to a higher level."

Sequels
A third film with a new cast, Home Alone 3, followed in 1997. Two television movies, Home Alone 4: Taking Back the House, which features returning characters but with a different cast, and Home Alone: The Holiday Heist, aired in 2002 and 2012, respectively. Home Sweet Home Alone, the sixth film in the series which has Devin Ratray reprise his role as Buzz, was released on the streaming service Disney+ in 2021.

Novelization
Home Alone 2 was novelized by Todd Strasser and published by Scholastic in 1992 to coincide with the film. The "point" version, which has the same storyline, was also novelized by A.L. Singer. It has an ISBN of 0-590-45717-9. An audiobook version was also released read by Tim Curry (who played the concierge in the film).

As in the novelization of the first film, the McCallisters live in Oak Park, Illinois and the crooks are named as Harry Lime and Marv Murchins. The novel also takes place one year after the events of the first film, but the ages of Kevin and his siblings are given as being two years older than the first film.

In the beginning of the novelization, a prologue, which ends up being Marv's nightmare in prison, he and Harry sneak away from the cops and return to Kevin's house to seek revenge on Kevin. Kevin bolts into the garage with Marv and Harry in hot pursuit. Harry and Marv end up triggering extra traps that Kevin had set up in the garage. Kevin watches as Marv ends up triggering a trap where a running lawnmower falls on his head (this was a trap featured in Home Alone 3).

title: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York


text:
Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti

Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti (11 October 1629 – 26 February 1666), was a French nobleman, the younger son of Henri II, Prince of Condé and Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency, daughter of Henri I, Duke of Montmorency. He was the brother of le Grand Condé and Anne Geneviève, Duchess of Longueville. As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon, he was a Prince du Sang.

Early life
The title of Prince of Conti was revived in his favor at the time of his birth in 1629. With the title Armand also inherited the Château de L'Isle-Adam and its estate, which had been passed down to his mother Charlotte Marguerite after the death of her brother, Henri II de Montmorency.

Conti was considered intelligent but due to a slight deformity and having a weak constitution he was destined for a clerical career and studied theology at the university of Bourges, but although he received several benefices, including the abbeys of Cluny and Saint Denis, he did not take orders.

He was described as "a cypher" by a contemporary. and seen as debauched. Contis relationship with brother was not good and he was despised by the Grand Conde. Conti was a patron of Moliere and La Fontaine.

He played a conspicuous part in the intrigues and fighting of the Fronde, became in 1648 commander-in-chief of the rebel army, and in 1650 was with his brother (Condé) and brother-in-law (Longueville) imprisoned at Vincennes.

Life in prison
Said to be "mystic" and "full of strange ideas", Conti turned slightly mad while in prison. (this might have been a symtom of the syphilis wich would lead to his death) Having a secret passion for his sister the Duchess of Longueville, he invented tricks to make her notice him. He would later like her become a fervent jansenist. He tried alchemy and potions for some time and eventually bruised himself with a spatula. This episode was ultimately fortunate for him because he could no longer be refused external help from physicians, some of whom would pass letters and pleas to the outside world which sped up his eventual release.

Later life
Released when Cardinal Mazarin went into exile, he wished to marry Charlotte-Marie de Lorraine (1627–1652), the second daughter of Madame de Chevreuse, the confidante of the queen, Anne of Austria (wife of King Louis XIII of France), but was prevented from doing so by his brother Condé, who was now supreme in the state. He was concerned in the Fronde of 1651, but soon afterwards became reconciled with Cardinal Mazarin, and in 1654, married the cardinal's niece, Anne Marie Martinozzi, as well as secured the government of Guienne. They had two sons, Louis Armand and François Louis.

He took command of the army, which in 1654, invaded Spain through Catalonia, where he captured three towns from the Spanish. He afterwards led the French forces in Italy, but after his defeat before Alessandria in 1657, he retired to Languedoc, where he devoted himself to study and mysticism until his death.

At Clermont, Conti had been a fellow student of Molière's, from whom he secured an introduction to the court of King Louis XIV, but afterwards, when writing a treatise against the stage entitled, Traité de la comédie et des spectacles selon les traditions de l'Église (Paris, 1667), he charged the dramatist with keeping a school of atheism. Conti also wrote Lettres sur la grâce, and Du devoir des grands et des devoirs des gouverneurs de province.

Conti died on 26 February 1666 at Pézenas at the Château de la Grange-des - Prés in Languedoc, France likely from syphilis.

Issue
Armand married Anne Marie Martinozzi, the daughter of Girolamo Martinozzi and Laura Margherita Mazzarini, elder sister of Cardinal Mazarin. They had the following children:
 * 1) Louis de Bourbon (1658), died in infancy.
 * 2) Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti (1661–1685), married Marie Anne de Bourbon, the eldest legitimised daughter of King Louis XIV and his mistress, Louise de La Vallière, and died childless.
 * 3) François Louis, Prince of Conti (1664–1709), known as "le Grand Conti", married Marie Thérèse de Bourbon, daughter of Henri Jules, Prince of Condé (Armand's nephew), and had issue.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti


text:
Baroness Mary Vetsera

Baroness Marie Alexandrine "Mary" von Vetsera (19 March 1871 – 30 January 1889) was an Austrian noblewoman and the mistress of Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria. Vetsera and the crown prince were found dead at his hunting lodge in Mayerling on 30 January 1889, following an apparent murder-suicide, which is known as the Mayerling incident.

Family and early life
Marie Alexandrine Mary Freiin von Vetsera was born on 19 March 1871 as the third child and second daughter of Albin Freiherr von Vetsera (1825–1887), an Austrian diplomat from Pozsony, Kingdom of Hungary (present day Bratislava, Slovakia), and his wife, born Eleni Hélène Baltazzi (1847–1925), member of a wealthy noble family from Chios, Greece (then part of the Ottoman Empire). Albin Vetsera had been the guardian of the orphaned Baltazzi children and married the eldest daughter. He was raised to the rank of Freiherr in 1870 by Emperor Franz Joseph. Mary had three siblings, Ladislaus "Laci" (1865–1881), Johanna "Hanna" (1868–1901), and Franz Albin "Fery" (1872–1915).

Freifrau von Vetsera's main goal was to advance socially, for which she had the support of the imperial family, even though she did not have the right to visit the court. She wanted to break out from the parvenu status she had as the wife of a newly made noble, and for this, she needed her daughters to marry into the best possible families. Vetsera was thus raised in a strict household under the pressure of having to climb socially and fulfill the dreams of her mother. For education, she was sent to the Institute for Daughters of the Nobility in the Salesian convent in Vienna's third district. When she came of age, her mother threw parties and tried to be invited to court so that she could find the best husband for her daughters. It seems that Vetsera had a strained relationship with her mother, confiding in a friend that "Mamma has no love for me... Ever since I was a little girl she has treated me like something she means to dispose of to the best advantage". During the winter of 1887, the Vetsera family travelled to Cairo, Khedivate of Egypt because of the illness of the father. While there, Vetsera supposedly had an affair with an English officer.

Relationship with Crown Prince Rudolf
In 1888, Vetsera became infatuated with Crown Prince Rudolf (1858–1889), a married man 13 years her senior, after returning from Cairo following the death of her father. In November of that year, she managed to meet him and soon they began an affair. She was 17 and he was 30. Upon finding out, her family reacted negatively: her sister Hanna called her foolish, and her mother was enraged, accusing her of compromising herself and ruining the lives of all of her family members. Historian Lucy Coatman disputes Larisch's claims (who Georg Markus refers to), citing letters by Mary and from within the family which prove Helene and Hanna had no knowledge of Mary's affair with Rudolf until the tragedy occurred. Vetsera appears to have been deeply in love, maybe even thinking that she was a credible threat to her lover's wife, Crown Princess Stéphanie (1864–1945). Meanwhile, Rudolf was involved in a long-term relationship with actress Mizzi/Mitzi Kaspar (1864–1907). It was to Kaspar that Rudolf first proposed a suicide pact, to which she reacted with a laugh. Later, Kaspar went to the police, concerned for the safety of the heir to the throne, but she was dismissed and told not to interfere with imperial affairs.

Death
After Kaspar had refused to die with him, the crown prince proposed a suicide pact to Vetsera. While he probably just did not want to die alone, Vetsera seemingly perceived the plans as the dramatic union-in-death of star-crossed lovers. She wrote: "If I could give him my life I should be glad to do it, for what does life mean for me?" In her farewell note to her sister, she wrote "we are both going blissfully into the uncertain beyond."

On 29 January 1889, the imperial couple hosted a family dinner party before leaving for Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary. The crown prince excused himself and travelled to the hunting lodge in Mayerling, where he arranged for a day of shooting for 30 January. When his valet, Johann Loschek knocked on his door to wake him up early in the morning, he received no answer. Rudolf's hunting companion, Count Joseph von Hoyos-Stichstenstein joined him, and they tried to open the door.

In the end, Loschek smashed in a door panel with a hammer and opened the door from the inside. In the dark room, he found the crown prince sitting motionless by the side of the bed, leaning forward and bleeding from the mouth. Vetsera's body lay on the bed, with rigor mortis having already set in. Later it was determined that the crown prince had first shot Vetsera, then himself.

Aftermath
Vetsera's maternal uncles were quickly summoned to remove their niece's body and bury it as discreetly as possible. Even her mother was forbidden to attend the ceremony. The body was taken to the closest cemetery, the one at the Cistercian monastery in Heiligenkreuz. As her death was thought to be a suicide, her uncles had a hard time persuading the abbot to give permission for a Christian burial, eventually convincing him that she had only committed it because of momentary insanity.

On 16 May 1889, Vetsera's mother had her daughter exhumed. Vetsera's remains were transferred from the original wooden coffin to a copper one and reburied.

The official story of murder-suicide was unchallenged until after the Second World War. After Soviet troops had disturbed Vetsera's grave, and when it was being repaired in 1955, the monks found a small skeleton inside the coffin, with no apparent bullet holes in its skull.

In 1959, physician Gerd Holler and a member of the Vetsera family, accompanied by other specialists, inspected her remains. The bones were in disarray, but shoes and long black hair were found in the coffin. Upon careful examination, Holler found no sign of a bullet wound on the skeleton. The skull cavity showed signs of trauma, which could have been inflicted by the grave robbers, or could indicate that Vetsera had died from a blow to her skull and not by the hands of the crown prince.

Holler claimed he petitioned the Holy See to inspect their archives of the incident, including records of the investigation by an apostolic nuncio, Archbishop Luigi Galimberti, who had found that only one bullet was fired. Lacking forensic evidence of a second bullet, Holler advanced the theory that Vetsera died accidentally, probably as the result of an abortion, and that Rudolf then shot himself. Lucy Coatman, who is planning a biography of Vetsera, argues against this, citing a letter written by Mary shortly before the Mayerling incident. In it, Mary confirms that she lost her virginity to Rudolf on 13 January 1889. Coatman states that this proves Mary could not have died of a botched abortion, as a pregnancy would not have been evident at the time of their deaths. In 1991, Vetsera's remains were disturbed again, this time by Helmut Flatzelsteiner, a Linz furniture dealer obsessed with the Mayerling incident who removed them for a forensic examination at his expense, which took place in February 1993. Flatzelsteiner told the examiners that the remains belonged to a relative killed 100 years earlier who may have been shot in the head or stabbed. One expert thought that this might be possible, but since the skull was in a state of advanced decomposition, it could not be confirmed. Other experts confirmed the presence of the remains of a bullet, as well as the hair being singed from the impact.

When Flatzelsteiner approached a journalist to sell both the story and the skeleton, the police became involved. Flatzelsteiner confessed and surrendered Vetsera's remains, which were sent to the Legal Medical Institute in Vienna for further examination. Forensic experts found the bones were indeed 100 years old and those of a young woman aged around 20, but since part of the skull was missing, it could not be determined if there had ever been a bullet hole. Vetsera's bones were re-interred on 28 October 1993.

On 31 July 2015, the Austrian National Library obtained copies of Vetsera's farewell letters to her mother and other family members which had been found in a bank safe deposit box, where they had been placed in 1926. Written in Mayerling shortly before the deaths, they state clearly that Vetsera was preparing to die alongside Rudolf out of love for him. They were made available to scholars and exhibited to the public in 2016.

title: Baroness Mary Vetsera


text:
Bowen therapy

Bowen therapy may refer to:

 * Bowen technique, a remedial massage technique founded by Tom Bowen
 * Bowen therapy, a psychoanalytic therapy devised by Murray Bowen

title: Bowen therapy


text:
User:Townbully

I am the townbully. It's a funny handle, but I really don't bully anyone. I promise.

I play balalaika.

I was also a contributor to the development of the REBOL programming language.

Another topic that fascinates me is the Vietnam War. My dad served in the Airforce in Vietnam for a number of years, and believe it or not, I was actually in Vietnam when I was two years old, at the beginning of Vietnamization, a year before the Fall of Saigon.

See my contribution page to see the other kinds of things that interest me.

Salutations,

Townbully

title: User:Townbully


text:
Wonalancet (sachem)

Wonalancet (c. 1619—1697) — also spelled Wannalancet and Wannalancit and probably Wanaloset and Wanalosett — was a sachem or sagamore of the Penacook Indians. He was the son of Passaconaway.

Biography
Wonalancet was born c. 1619 after one of the worst epidemics in human history killed 75-90% of the populations of the indigenous peoples of New England. He was supposedly born near Pawtucket Falls in what is now Lowell, Massachusetts, where his father was politically active trying to bring political stability among allies. He was most likely the second son of his father, Passaconaway, whose Penacook or Pennacook confederation of Upper Merrimack bands was at the time closely allied with the Pawtucket confederation of bands along the lower Merrimack (as well as the coastal tribes from the North Shore to the Saco in Maine). The previous "bashaba," or "chief of chiefs" of the alliance had been Nanepashemet, the sachem of the Pawtucket, who was killed on the north bank of the Mystic River at what now is Malden in 1619. These allied, "central Abenakian" peoples, were under repeated attacks at the time from the "Tarrantines," or Mi'kmaq of Maine, going back to possibly as early as 1607. Wonalancet's father, Passaconaway, would rise from sachem of the Pennacook to bashaba well before the time John Eliot hears the phrase when meeting with him at Pawtucket Falls in 1647.

While Wonalancet's other siblings were married to the children of other elite sagamores and sachems of allied tribes, it is unclear who Wonalancet's wife was, although much evidence points toward her coming from allied tribes of the Abenaki to the north of Pennacook and possibly as far as the St. Francis River. Throughout the epidemics of the 17th century, especially the deadly outbreak of smallpox in 1633, Wonalancet preferred to stay in the vicinity of Pawtucket Falls and had a particular love for Wickasauke Island, which was his preferred residence. But in 1637, the British massacred the Pequot in what is now Connecticut, ending the early period of harmonious relations. Fearing reprisals from the friendly Pawtucket and Pennacook, the English set out to arrest Passaconaway at Pawtucket Falls. Finding only his son, Wonalancet, they arrested him along with his wife and children. Wonalancet would escape, but the English would not return his family until Passaconaway and Wonalancet had ensured the English that the Pennacook had turned in all their firearms.

In 1653, missionary John Eliot was allowed to create a "praying town" for the local Pawtucket and Pennacook at nearby Wamesit, what is now Chelmsford (and had also been at times the home site of the Wamesit band of the Pawtucket). Wonalancet would become good friends with Daniel Gookin, chief administrator of English missions, which is much of why we know so much about Wonalancet, his family, and their betrayal by the English. By 1660, Passaconaway had become very old and was petitioning for land to settle on a farm of his own near the Souhegan (not in Pennacook itself, as David Stewart-Smith 1998 has argued quite successfully). It was in 1660 that Passaconaway abdicated his authority over the Pennacook to Wonalancet, who continued to maintain diplomatic relations with the English. In 1662 and 1663, Passaconaway and his sons Nanamocumuck and Wonalancet successfully petitioned for and were given lands between what is now Groton and Nashua in attempt to create a southern barrier between English settlement and the Pennacook heartland, which stretched to the north as far as the New Hampshire Lakes Region. The English had previously taken an allied sagamore hostage, and Wickasauke island had been traded to the English for the elder's release. In the 1660s, Wonalancet and several of his family members signed petitions to have Wickasauke Island returned to them, and Wonalancet would eventually relinquish his land grant near Groton for the return of the island near Pawtucket Falls, which clearly held great value to him and his dwindling people.

While Wonalancet would finally be baptized in 1674 as a sign that he and his people were not taking sides during King Philip's War, harassment from the local English would force him to remove his people to Pennacook in the north in 1675 (to what is now Concord, NH). Captain Mosely from Massachusetts followed Wonalancet and his followers to Pennacook, where they stood aside as Mosely burned the village and all their winter stores, leaving them to starve and freeze. Mosely was deemed a hero. When increasing harassment from Massachusetts colonists led the rest of the Christian Wamesit "praying town" people to flee north, their sagamore, Nobhow (who had married one of Wonalancet's sisters, Bess) left a note for the English, "We go towards the French, we go where Wanalansit is." Because Mosely had destroyed Pennacook in the late fall, Nobhow, Mystic George (a Pawtucket powwow), and many of the party died during the trip. Those who survived returned through the snow in January having not found Wonalancet, who had ostensibly fled to his wife's people (the Abenaki) to the north after the destruction of Pennacook by Mosely.

Wonalancet would emerge again the next year, in 1676, as an important peacemaker, gathering the northern and coastal tribes who had taken refuge from the war to show their faith to the English. Along with 400 of the most important leaders of his alliance, he met with Captain Richard Waldron in Cocheco. Waldron, however, broke their peace deal and took them all prisoner. While Waldron would eventually agree to let Wonalancet and half of his party free, to send a message, 200 of the party were enslaved for life and sent to Barbados to die on plantations. This party that was sent to slavery by Waldron included Wenepaweekin, Wonalancet's brother in law, the old sagamore of Naumkeg (Salem), who was the last living son of the Pawtucket Bashaba Nanepeshamet (who had died in 1619).

Facing more direct harassment at Wickasaukee Island in 1677 from his English neighbors and their Mohawk allies from New York, Wonalancet moved north to the protection of Pennacook with the last 50 survivors of the Wamesit mission. In 1685 he would sell Wickasauke Island to Jonathan Tyng. By this time he had abdicated his authority over what was left of his people to his older brother's son, Kankamagus, who would briefly be known as the Pennacook war chief while avenging the savagery and immorality of Captain Waldron and the English under his protection. In 1689, Kankamagus would gather the Pennacook and their allies to a great war council to target Waldron for his repeated broken promises and treaties. On June 27, 1689, they attacked Cocheco, killing 23 people who resisted and taking 29 others captive, including Waldron's daughter. Waldron himself, who had bragged the night before that if attacked he could immediately rally 100 men to his defense, was ritually executed by multiple people he had wronged throughout his life. The war would last into the 18th century, but in 1690 Benjamin Church would capture Kankamagus's wife and children, forcing him to capitulate. This led Kankamagus to sign a peace treaty on the Kennebec delta that year, and he would finally remove his people to the protection of the French and Abenakian allies to the north.

In March 1692, two old sagamores from Pennacook, Wonalancet and Wattanummon, traveled down the Merrimack to Dunstable (now Nashua) to seek peaceful coexistence with the English. In return for their good will, they were both immediately arrested by the English. Jonathan Tyng would step in and sponsor Wonalancet, essentially taking care of him in his old age while he waited out his death under "house arrest" rather than being sent into enslavement in Barbados. Tyng would personally support Wonalancet, who must have been a friend, and bury Wonalancet himself in 1697, probably on his land or on Wonalancet's beloved Wickasauke Island. David Stewart-Smith (1994, 1998) provides good evidence that many of Wonalancet's descendants joined others in migrating to the protection of the White Mountains and eventually the French.

Rarely was a group of indigenous Americans so pacifist toward the English so early in the colonial period as the Pennacook and Pawtucket under Passaconaway and Wonalancet. Such betrayals as they suffered would continue from New England to California until it would be impossible for America's first people to be able to claim their rightful land (or get current residents to accept they are living on stolen land). Wonalancet's legacy, however, is not one of defeat. As David Stewart-Smith writes (1998: 464) “If it is strategy to see one’s community survive, the northern tribes of New England succeeded under fatal odds .... Small Indian communities still survive in New England and the old blood flows hidden in many Yankee and French Canadian families, bearing some quiet testimony to the land and lasting portent for the future.”

Misinformation
As is true of the early colonial period in New England and the history of indigenous Americans in general, there is a great deal of misinformation about Passaconaway and Wonalancet, including a lack of consensus about the meanings of their names. While town histories such as Coburn's History of Dracut and Potter's History of Manchester portend to be "histories," they often contain more misinformation than fact. They are storytelling, and are interesting as oral history, but not for explaining historical events and people. Unfortunately, they are repeatedly cited, and misinformation about this period and the people abounds and is continually spread. English writers liked the fables they told of Passaconaway and Wonalancet because they were the "pacifist" chiefs who never actually double-crossed the English nor fought them. The real story of their betrayal and repeated arrest and enslavement at the hands of the English is almost never told. Further, the perpetuation of the story that Wonalancet's sister Bess, wife of Nobhow, simply foolishly sold what became Lowell and Chelmsford to the English for the sum of four yards of Duffill and one pound of tobacco is shameful. Yet the fact that story still remains from the colonial era and is retold in the 21st century as a means to forget crimes of the past should give us pause for reflection.

Legacy
The name "Wonalancet" translates to "Pleasant Breathing". His name is or has been preserved by:

 * Wonalancet, New Hampshire, an unincorporated village within the town of Tamworth
 * The Wonalancet River, which flows through the village
 * Mount Wonalancet, elevation 2780 ft, in the Sandwich Range, overlooking the village

As well as a mill, street, lodge, and pair of U.S. Navy vessels, all listed here.

title: Wonalancet (sachem)


text:
Talk:Duane Allman

Other Discussion
No, I don't think: "universally regarded as one of the greatest of all rock and roll guitarists"

it over the top. Here are a few more opinions, collected in a few minutes from non-personal sites on the web:

 * "one of music's all-time greatest slide guitarists"
 * "One of rock's most inventive and respected guitarists"
 * "Duane Allman is the greatest slide guitar player of all time."
 * "nine of the greatest blues/rock guitar heroes that have ever lived: Duane Allman"

I'm trying to get a copy of the Eric Clapton interview discussed on this page, and if (as I expect he will) Clapton says something similar to my characterization, it's going back (although for the sake of peace I'll change "universally" to "generally"), on the grounds that Clapton's views on the matter are probably more signicant than any of ours.

Noel 20:26, 12 Aug 2003 (UTC)

PS: What's the problem with "tragically"? It's not a tragedy when a talented artist is killed when he's only 24?

Noel 20:30, 12 Aug 2003 (UTC)

The reason I changed the phrase "universally regarded as one of the greatest of all rock and roll guitarists" because it didn't seem to convey a NPOV (if you haven't read that page yet, I recommend it. Perhaps an alternate way to phrase that might be "he is reagarded by many as one of the greatest of all rock and roll guitarists". As far as "tragically", I removed that because it seemed unnecessary to emphasize that his death at 24 was a tragedy, pedants might bring up th classical meaning of tragedy. If you want to re-insert "tragically", I won't argue. I am not very familiar with Duane Allman, so it would be good if another user with more musical knowledge looked over this page. I felt my edits made it more encyclopedic and less like a fan page, which is how the page struck me.

M123 23:54, 12 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Actually, I did ask some of my friends to proof-read it; one sent in some typos, but had no problem with the content. I have also read the NPOV page several times (it's rather lengthy :-). I cheerfully admit to being a big fan, but not to the extent that my life revolves around Duane specifically. Let me try your wording suggestion.

Noel 00:05, 13 Aug 2003 (UTC)

In my opinion, the user:DavidWBrooks fix is the best and most "encyclopedic," one so far. LadyPuffball 00:44, 23 Jan 2004 (UTC)

OK, so here are a list of specific editing points we seem to be disagreeing on, with my rationale for each:

 * "the famous studio in Muscle Shoals" - There is only one major recording studio there, and it's quite well known in the music world, so "the" is the appropriate article.

 * "he insisted on going to see their show" - An eyewitness account of the events, by Tom Dowd (his actual words given here) makes quite a point of saying how emphatic and intent Clapton was about going to go see the show. I am simply recording what participants report.

 * "hit it off immediately" - Again, Dowd's eyewitness account (again, his actual words given here) makes a point of saying how intense their connection was even though it was their first meeting, and how well they got on (which is not a given in the world of the arts, as egos can often get in the way). Again, I'm simply passing on what participants saw, and were struck by.

 * "with the result that Duane" - The first plan was to just have Duane contribute to one or two tracks; however, the connection between he and Clapton was so powerful that as the session went on he got completely sucked into the project as an equal and full contributor. I picked the wording to try and imply this, but perhaps I should just say it directly, as I don't think the words I selected did a good job here. I'll rework that section to try and improve it.

 * "greatest", "best" - When professional critics at major music organs like Rolling Stone say "best", I think it's more than just my personal enthusiasm. I have attempted to take the heat out of this issue by simply finding critics to quote, instead of putting any such words in myself.

 * "Tragically" - Rock'n'roll has lost a number of great guitar players at a relatively young age - Hendrix, Stevie Ray Vaughn, etc - but Duane's loss is, to me, at an even higher level; he was only 24 when he died, with only a handful of recordings to remember him by. We don't even have a video of him doing a concert, whereas for the other two we have several. Yet his brilliance and command of technique were remarkable for one so relatively young - two of the four albums he did are counted among the best rock albums ever! Who knows what we would have seen from him had he lived.

 * Duane vs Allman - I refer to him as "Duane" in the text of the page because i) there are two Allmans throughout the page, and in many cases "Allman" would thus be ambiguous; and ii) that's how most people I know refer to him (perhaps because of i). It has been suggested that in any paragraph where Greg is mentioned, we need to use both names, but in a new paragraph we could call him just plain "Allman," since he's the topic of the article. I am not comfortable with this for two reasons. First, I'd much rather be consistent throughout the article - pick one term, and always use that. "Allman" is not viable for that, so the choice would "Duane" or "Duane Allman" - and the latter is clunky. Second, Wikipedia style says you should refer to things using the name commonly used, and that's what I did (although that policy page is about article titles, I simple extended the basic philosophy into the article). When discussing Eric Clapton, people will say "Eric" or "Clapton", but I have never seen a discussion of Duane Allman refer to him as "Allman". I think the advantages of consistency outweigh the degree to which it might sound "fannish".

I think that's all of them. Let me go fix that clunky wording on the start of the collaboration with Clapton. Noel 02:13, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)

IMHO, "tragically" still smacks of fandom, but it's certainly within the bounds of debatability (is that a word?) And to my surprise, all those "Duane"s read just fine. - DavidWBrooks 18:35, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)

was vs. is
Allman is still regarded as one of the greats, even though he's dead, so the opening sentence should say "is" not "was" - since his reputation didn't change with his death. - DavidWBrooks 11:32, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

---

Over-all review & comment, April 2006
I just read this page. Arrived via Google while researching Duane Allman and his death. This seemed like a fine, NPOV, useful and professional job to me. Kudos! Ned 04:48, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

Daughter
It says he has a daughter and that her name is Galadrielle. Is there any more information on her, such as her date of birth or who her mother is? 00:44, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Galadrielle has a bio of her dad out; look for it.

General Problem
This article turns into a memorial itself after that section. Where's the "legacy" section and "Influences" and such? It has plenty of information, which is awesome, but it should probably follow a bit better with what other artists I've seen have. I'm sure there are guidelines in the Wikiprojects he's related to. - Boss1000 17:35, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

Duane and comic book myth
I was one of Duane's best friends. I spent the summer of '67 crashing on his (and Gregg's) couch in L.A. Never in the five years I knew him did I ever see him, or Gregg, with a comic book. This myth comes from a Rolling Stone hit piece which referred to band members reading comic books. Duane was a serious, well read, political leftest person, the opposite of the "southern hick" that some people make him out to be. For this reason I have edited out the comic book reference in Duane's Wikipedia bio.superstar 02:00, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

Peach misqoute
I have also edited out the reference to "a two legged peach". This is not on the recorded radio interview but was added as an aside by Capricorn owner Phil Walden in a TV interview.superstar 18:40, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

LSD & "a girl named cher"
At the end of the "Session musician" section of the article, we see: "By this time in his life Allman was experimenting heavily with LSD. He also married a girl named cher. They did acid together. and it was great. they wrote wonderful mellodies comprising of allmans sharp guitar riffs and cher's harmonic vocals." While it wouldn't surprise me to learn that a rock musician was dropping acid in 1969, I've never seen it mentioned before in connection with Allman; and the last sentences in the paragraph, with their spelling/typographical errors, lack of proper capitalization, and amateurish tone, not to mention the false claim that Duane Allman married "a girl named cher," make me think the text I quoted should perhaps be removed. Tstorer 15:15, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

Similar slide gutar players
Content on this topic was moved from where it was errantly (and conspicuously) shoehorned into a section on the Hour Glass to near the end of the article adjacent to some exploring his contributions as a guitarist to Rock history. Rightfully, the subject deserves its own subheading there.

Two ersatz citations (to the website of a commercial retro glass slide seller, appearing superficially to support the contentions in the moved copy) were deleted; the first supported none of them, was merely a link to product offering, the second was to a defunct web page (that may or may not have had relevant content that may or may not have been properly cited, irrelevant at this point). An assessment of Allman's influence on the signature sound of "Southern Rock" was added, consistent with a consensus view of his role as principal progentior of the sound and driving force in the evolution of the genre. It deserves citation as well.

As for Dicky Betts' inclusion in the list of players with similar sounds, it is well known that after Duane's death he sought to copy (and succeeded better than anyone ever hoped or imagined) Duane's slide work, note for note in the studio (as on Melissa from Eat a Peach) and as close as he could (while staying faithful to the Band's improvisational lifeblood) in concert (as captured on the Band's Macon City Auditorium 2-11-72 CD) before beginning to define his own distinctive slide guitar sound both in the Band and in his own, Great Southern.

Rather than get in an edit war with each person adding and subtracting nominations for similar players at their whimsy, let's all work towards providing proper citations for the content at issue, as well as the many other sections of the article that beg for it. Rock on. Wikiuser100 (talk) 14:40, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Dicky wasn't copying Duane's playing solely post-mortem. On a number of the tracks on At Fillmore East, you can hear dual slide leads where the two are spot-on each other (only not always playing the same note, so in those cases you get a kind of 'slide chord'). They are so close a lot of people don't realize it's two guitars, not one! One of the best examples is on Hot 'Lanta (although there is also some great dual lead slide on In Memory of Elizabeth Reid). Noel (talk) 14:04, 19 June 2011 (UTC)
 * You are incorrect about there being dual slide guitars on At Fillmore East, and in fact there is not even ONE slide guitar played on In Memory of Elizabeth Reed. Dickey plays the opening and the first solo; he gets that strange whiny sound by putting his pinky on one of the knobs and wheeling it.  You can see him do it on any video.  Duane plays the second solo without slide: You can hear him fingering the notes.  He used fuzz tone to give his sound a round, buzz-like sound which can cause the mistaken notion but Liz Reed in all her amazing glory is fingers on fretboards from both guitarists.
 * In fact the only slide work on the original release of Fillmore East was on Statesboro Blues, Don't Keep Me Wondering and Done Somebody Wrong. Duane also played slide on Trouble No More and One Way Out which were recorded at the Fillmore, but did not appear on the Fillmore East album. One Way Out was recorded at the final Fillmore show, so wasn't even in the can when the live album was released. Stormy Monday, Whipping Post, You Don't Love Me and all the rest was straight fingers on the fretboard. Skydog10291971 (talk) 02:19, 26 March 2022 (UTC)

Opening paragraph
Opening paragraph states that it "needs citation". (He is best remembered for his brief but influential tenure in that band, expressive slide guitar playing, and formidable improvisational skills.)

What else is he really remembered for? I don't think it needs citation when he was one of the original Allman Bros. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.164.196.195 (talk) 00:17, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

Second paragraph: "unusually for the time, based in the Southeastern United States"
"ABB were formed in 1969 and, unusually for the time, based in the Southeastern United States." Unusual for what exactly? Musicians based out of Nashville/Memphis/Atlanta/New Orleans were unusual for the time? This should be clarified or removed. Chafinsky (talk 20:58, 26 March 2012 (UTC)

The information given regrading the bands's earliest days is misleading, or erroneous. The band was in Macon somewhat prior to March of 1969; as early as late 1968, IIRC.

Life Story
The beginning of this article sounds way to much like a stylized commercial biography, someone should make it more presentable and professional. 129.115.2.39 (talk) 18:29, 9 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Cleaning up the section about the Brothers' first guitar. Wsoper (talk) 20:03, 11 May 2011 (UTC)

Citation needed
I see someone has plastered a bunch of citation needed tags all over the article, on various quotations. Most of them are from the liner notes to The Allman Brothers Band: Dreams (1989 boxed set), with a few from Duane Allman: An Anthology (1972), but I'm not up to finding them (or figuring out how to do the citations with the new reference system). I should explain that the article long pre-dates the current 'fully sourced' policy, which explains why they weren't added when the article was first done. Noel (talk) 13:52, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Release date of Idlewild South was September 20, 1970 (coincident with John Coltrane's birthday). [There is also a YouTube video from a PBS doc taped on that day.] The drums at the start of Mountain Jam on Eat A Peach are the same as the end of Whipping Post on Live At Fillmore East. That could be just the marvels of editing, though. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.223.230.201 (talk) 18:45, 5 March 2013 (UTC) Sorry, it was September 23, 1970 in my unsigned comment above. For cross-reference see the Wikipedia page on Idlewild South. (Is self-referencing confirmation?) Also check the Coltrane Wikipedia page for date, though release coincidence intention is anecdotal. As an aside, came across a DA interview from Nov-70 on Youtube. Wow.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Duane Allman. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5937559/the_100_greatest_guitarists_of_all_time/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.whereseric.com/ecfaq/biographies-other-musicians/duane-allman-.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110723103640/http://www.duaneallman.net/ to http://www.duaneallman.net/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:51, 17 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Duane Allman. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140427010543/http://www.prepagos1000.com.co/blog/prepagos-bogota-allman-brothers-band-forty-years-tragedy-music-legend.html to http://www.prepagos1000.com.co/blog/prepagos-bogota-allman-brothers-band-forty-years-tragedy-music-legend.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090919135932/http://www.hotguitarist.com/music_artists/duane_allman.htm to http://www.hotguitarist.com/music_artists/duane_allman.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:40, 14 September 2017 (UTC)

Early Years (the moment that changed everything)
The Early Years section says that a big moment in his life was when he saw BB King. I was just watching this interview with Greg Allman, "Success, Sorrow and Song: Allman's Hard-Lived Life of Rock", on the PBS news hour, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjrpjTvaz_4. At about 2:10 or so, Greg Allman says they attended a review (meaning there must have been several musicians) and "Otis Redding took it, by the way". So, there may be a misquote in the other source. Or, more interestingly, Duane may have thought BB King was the life-changing experience, and Greg may have thought Otis was it. The problem is that Greg recalls Otis as playing at the great moment when Duane had to push up his chin, his jaw had dropped so far. So, the most likely scenario is a misquote. I just wanted this available on the talk page for anyone who wants to research this further - hope it is useful. (2601:644:102:E390:BD78:A39B:D635:C43E (talk) 18:33, 15 February 2018 (UTC))

Conflicting information: Did ABB perform before recording first album or not?
In discussing the formation of the ABB, Duane is quoted saying that they never had played a gig before recording the first album. Then in the next section, there is talk of the band gigging and playing free concerts while waiting for Gregg to come back east from CA. Both can't be true. Are we implicitly saying that Duane was fullashit?

Discography section
Hello! Thanks for your recent edits to the Discography section of this article, here. But, perhaps it would be better to take those albums back out of the list. The usual practice in cases like this is for the Discography section of the musician's article to list only the core albums that they released while still alive, and to have a separate Wikipedia article for their complete discography, such as Duane Allman discography. See for example Jimi Hendrix and Stevie Ray Vaughan, which each list only a few albums. (As always, other editors are encouraged to post here with their opinions.) — Mudwater (Talk) 19:57, 14 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Duane Allman


text:
Talk:Workers of the world, unite!

The Communist manifest ends in:

 * "Die Kommunisten verschmähen es, ihre Ansichten und Absichten zu verheimlichen. Sie erklären es offen, daß ihre Zwecke nur erreicht werden können durch den gewaltsamen Umsturz aller bisherigen Gesellschaftsordnung. Mögen die herrschenden Klassen vor einer kommunistischen Revolution zittern. Die Proletarier haben nichts in ihr zu verlieren als ihre Ketten. Sie haben eine Welt zu gewinnen.

 * Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt euch!"

The last sentence is "workers of all countries, unite!", two before you'll see "Workers have nothing to loose but their chains", both roughly translated from German to English. -- till we *) 20:29, Aug 12, 2003 (UTC)

---

03/07/2007: I changed the greek transliteration, so that non-greek users can understand how to spell it.

i ask to move this page at "proletarians of all countries, unite!" or at "workers of all countries, unite!", now is large pov anti marx --Francomemoria 23:55, 2 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I really don't see how "workers" or "of the world" are anti-Marx. This is how the slogan is most commonly reported in English, and that is our policy for article titles. Cheers! bd2412  T 00:09, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

obv the means of motto is different--Francomemoria 13:26, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

Tombstone
The linked photography of Marx' tombstone does not show any German text. The statement "A variant [...] is inscribed in German" seems to be not true. --85.177.80.96 (talk) 06:06, 3 April 2010 (UTC)

Contemporarily
You use the word "Contemporarily". I do not think it means what you think it means, although even if it did the usage seems superfluous in the context. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 154.5.32.113 (talk) 09:10, 18 June 2011 (UTC)

Merge from Soviet Union state motto
I see nothing that this article can't cover. Just mention in this article that it was used as state motto (which I think it already does), no need for two articles. --The Evil IP address (talk) 19:59, 6 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Support I think it should be as simple as making Soviet Union state motto a redirect. You're correct in that it's already mentioned here, and the link to Wiktionary with translations from the languages of the Soviet republics is more appropriate than listing them all as that article does. As the request has certainly been open for long enough, I'll carry it out; as there's no actual content to be merged, attribution won't be necessary. --BDD (talk) 19:16, 30 July 2012 (UTC)

Section of translations into numerous languages removed.
I removed the section of translations for two reasons.
 * It is tagged as unreferenced since 2015
 * I do not see why we must include all these translations WP:Wikipedia is not a dictionary. We have numerous articles about various phrases, but we do not include translations in every possible language. IMO if for whatever reason some translation is important, Wikipedia article must cite a reliable source which (A) provides the translation and (B) explains why this translation has encyclopedic value. Staszek Lem (talk) 17:44, 16 September 2019 (UTC)

 * I think you are right. An anonymous IP once again inserted many language versions. I removed some of them. --Babel fish (talk) 12:30, 3 October 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 12:22, 13 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Nothing-to-lose-workers-of-the-world-unite.-y.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 10:53, 17 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Kuban Cossacks 1937.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 00:23, 18 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Kuban Cossacks 1937.jpg

Overly long lists of the phrase in different languages
I am unconvinced that this article ought to list every given example of the phrase as a national motto, and given the length of the lists, I feel an article along the lines of List of nations which use Workers of the world, unite! as a motto would be more appropriate. Obviously that exact title is quite clunky, but you get the gist. Xx78900 (talk) 11:05, 21 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Workers of the world, unite!