text:
Anne Dudley

Anne Jennifer Dudley (née Beckingham; born 7 May 1956) is an English composer, keyboardist, conductor and pop musician. She was the first BBC Concert Orchestra's Composer in Association in 2001. She has worked in the classical and pop genres, as a film composer, and was one of the core members of the synth-pop band Art of Noise. In 1998, Dudley won an Oscar for Best Original Musical or Comedy Score for The Full Monty. In addition to over twenty other film scores, in 2012 she served as music producer for the film version of Les Misérables, also acting as arranger and composing some new additional music.

Career
Dudley was born in Beckenham, Kent. She attended Eltham Hill Grammar School for Girls. She graduated with a master's in music from King's College London in 1978. Trained as a classical performer, she moved into the competitive commercial field as a session musician, where her professional relationship with Trevor Horn began. In 1982, Dudley contributed to the Horn-produced The Lexicon of Love album by ABC. She went from fleshing out keyboard parts to scoring the album's orchestrations (which were, according to Horn, her first-ever string arrangements) and also co-writing one of the songs.

Dudley was a founding member of the band Art of Noise in 1983, which helped pioneer the use of sampling within the pop genre. Their hits include "Beat Box" (1984), "Moments in Love" (1985), "Close (to the Edit)" (1984), "Paranoimia" (1986), which featured a monologue about insomnia by the artificial intelligence character, Max Headroom, and, with Tom Jones, "Kiss", a Top 10 in 1988. Art of Noise also produced the theme tune to the ITV game show The Krypton Factor which was used between 1986 and 1993. "(Theme From) The Krypton Factor" was composed and recorded in 1986 and was reworked as "Crusoe" on their 1987 album.

Dudley's association with Trevor Horn and Art of Noise led on to working with artists such as Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Seal, Marc Almond, Rod Stewart, Robbie Williams and, more recently, Siphiwo. She has co-written songs with Malcolm McLaren ("Buffalo Gals"), Cathy Dennis ("Too Many Walls"), and a 1930s-inspired song with Sting called "This Was Never Meant to Be".

She produced the Tom Jones hit "You Can Leave Your Hat On" (1988) and a Debbie Harry single "Strike Me Pink" (1993).

In 1989, Dudley produced and conducted the string arrangements for the eponymous debut album by Welsh pop duo Waterfront. Her intricate production is demonstrated most notably on the song "Nature of Love", which was released as a single in both the UK and US. Another collaboration in 1989 was with Neil Tennant from Pet Shop Boys and Bernard Sumner of New Order; Dudley contributed the lush string arrangements on their debut Electronic release, "Getting Away with It", which peaked at #12 in the UK in  December 1989, and #38 in the US in 1990.

Dudley produced two tracks on the 2002 Opera Babes album Beyond Imagination (ranking No. 1 on the UK classical charts for 11 weeks, and No. 4 on the US Billboard charts). In 2004, she produced the album Voice for Alison Moyet. The album, an eclectic collection of cover versions, reached No. 7 on the UK Albums Chart.

Her works for orchestra include "Northern Lights", a 14-minute reflection of Norway's Aurora Borealis for full orchestra, performed in 2005 and 2006 at the Royal Festival Hall and broadcast on BBC Radio 3's Late Junction programme in May 2005. Her first commission as Composer in Association with the BBC Concert Orchestra was "Music and Silence", inspired by the novel of the same name by Rose Tremain and first performed at The Royal Festival Hall in 2002. Dudley arranged Bach's Chaconne from Partita in D minor for piano trio, and a recording by the Eroica Trio appears on their Baroque album. Her album Ancient and Modern, with modern versions of some traditional hymns and Bach chorales, was released in 1999. She was the musical director for Bill Bailey's Remarkable Guide to the Orchestra, first performed in Brighton then at the Royal Albert Hall in 2008, which was recorded and released as a DVD in December 2009. The show was toured in 2009 with eight different regional orchestras participating. It involved the orchestra playing the Nokia theme tune and a french horn concerto evolving into the theme from Coronation Street.

Dudley collaborated with Sam Taylor-Wood in producing the sound and video installation Sigh at the White Cube in 2008. This work featured the BBC Concert Orchestra on eight large projected screens, miming to Dudley's score.

In 2019, 2022 and 2024, she conducted the Southbank Sinfonia during Martin Fry's Lexicon of Love tour.

Film scores
Dudley's career in film music has spanned 20 years and her film scores include:

 * Buster (1988), a British comedy drama starring musician Phil Collins, Julie Walters, Larry Lamb and Sheila Hancock;
 * Silence Like Glass (Zwei Frauen) (1989), German-made but set in a cancer ward at a hospital in America;
 * The Pope Must Die (1991), a comedy film starring Robbie Coltrane the score of which was co-written with Jeff Beck;
 * Knight Moves (1992), an American thriller directed by Carl Schenkel and starring Christopher Lambert;
 * The Crying Game (1992), an Irish/British drama film written and directed by Neil Jordan;
 * Felidae (1994), German animated mystery film about cats investigating a serial killer;
 * The Grotesque (1995), released in the US as Gentlemen Don't Eat Poets a British film starring Alan Bates, Theresa Russell and Sting;
 * Hollow Reed (1996), a drama directed by Angela Pope and set in Bath;
 * When Saturday Comes (1996), starring Sean Bean, Pete Postlethwaite, Emily Lloyd. Directed by Maria Giese;
 * The Full Monty (1997), a Peter Cattaneo-directed comedy about six unemployed steel workers who decide to form a male striptease act. Dudley won the "Best Original Musical or Comedy Score" Oscar for her music;
 * American History X (1998), an American drama directed by Tony Kaye, starring Edward Norton and Edward Furlong;
 * Pushing Tin (1999), directed by Mike Newell and starring John Cusack and Billy Bob Thornton, a comedy-drama film based around air traffic controllers in New York;
 * The Miracle Maker (2000), an animated feature film made for TV by BBC Wales with Russian model makers;
 * Lucky Break (2001), a British feelgood comedy starring James Nesbitt and based around a prison escape;
 * Monkeybone (2001), an American film combining live-action and stop-motion animation starring Brendan Fraser and Bridget Fonda;
 * The Gathering (2002), an Anthony Horowitz thriller directed by Brian Gilbert and starring Christina Ricci;
 * A Man Apart (2003), starring Vin Diesel;
 * Bright Young Things (2003), a British drama written and directed by Stephen Fry based on the novel Vile Bodies by Evelyn Waugh;
 * Black Book (2006), a World War II film directed by Paul Verhoeven;
 * Tristan & Isolde (2006), a Ridley Scott romantic drama based on the medieval romantic legend of Tristan and Iseult and starring James Franco and Sophia Myles;
 * Perfect Creature (2007), a New Zealand-made horror/thriller film starring Leo Gregory;
 * The Walker (2007), a drama written and directed by Paul Schrader set in Washington, D. C.;
 * Les Misérables (2012), a blockbuster version of the celebrated long-running musical (music producer / arranger / additional music composer).
 * Elle (2016), a French thriller directed by Paul Verhoeven, starring Isabelle Huppert.
 * The Hustle (2019), an American comedy film directed by Chris Addison, starring Anne Hathaway and Rebel Wilson.
 * Benedetta (2020), a French/Italian erotic drama directed by Paul Verhoeven, starring Virginie Efira.

Her TV music includes:
 * Scores for all episodes of Jeeves and Wooster with Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie;
 * Mr Wakefield's Crusade starring Peter Capaldi;
 * Lynda La Plante's Above Suspicion;
 * Kavanagh QC, an ITV series with John Thaw
 * The Tenth Kingdom, an American epic fantasy TV miniseries written by Simon Moore.
 * Poldark (2015), a BBC TV series
 * The Inspector Alleyn Mysteries, a BBC TV series with the pilot in 1990 and two subsequent series in 1993 and 1994.

Session musician work
Dudley's work as a session musician and string and orchestral arrangements includes:
 * ABC – The Lexicon of Love album (reaching No. 1 in the UK charts 1982) and The Lexicon of Love II released May 2016;
 * a-ha – string scores for the singles "Hunting High & Low" (7" remix) (1986) and "The Blood That Moves the Body" (1988)
 * Oleta Adams – Circle of One album (reaching No. 1 in the UK charts 1991);
 * Marc Almond – Tenement Symphony album which included the tracks "Jacky" and "The Days of Pearly Spencer";
 * The Associates – Wild and Lonely album;
 * Rick Astley – Free album;
 * B*Witched – Awake and Breathe album;
 * Chris Botti – Slowing Down the World album;
 * Boyzone – A Different Beat album;
 * Cher – It's a Man's World album;
 * Petula Clark – "La Vie en Rose" track;
 * Lloyd Cole and the Commotions – Rattlesnakes album; string arranger
 * Andrea Corr – Ten Feet High album;
 * Cathy Dennis – Move to This and Into the Skyline albums;
 * Electronic – "Getting Away with It" single (reaching No. 12 in the UK charts and number 38 in the US in 1990);
 * Frankie Goes to Hollywood – Welcome to the Pleasuredome album which included their second and third No. 1s "Two Tribes" and "The Power of Love";
 * Elton John – The Big Picture album;
 * Martyn Joseph – Being There album;
 * Kingmaker – Sleepwalking album;
 * Annie Lennox – Medusa album (No. 1 in the UK charts 1995);
 * Let Loose – "Best in Me" single;
 * Virginia MacNaughton – The Music album;
 * Paul McCartney – Press to Play and Give My Regards to Broad Street albums;
 * Malcolm McLaren – Duck Rock album;
 * The Men They Couldn't Hang – "A Map of Morocco" single;
 * George Michael – "Careless Whisper" single (reaching No. 1 in 25 countries);
 * Liza Minnelli – Results album (reaching No. 6 in the UK charts in 1989);
 * The Moody Blues – Greatest Hits album;
 * Moist – "Gasoline" single;
 * Jimmy Nail – Crocodile Shoes album (reaching No. 2 in the UK charts in 1994);
 * The Painted Word – Lovelife album;
 * OMD – Universal album;
 * Pet Shop Boys – Very album;
 * Propaganda— A Secret Wish album;
 * Pulp – Different Class and This Is Hardcore albums (both reaching No. 1);
 * Rialto – "Monday Morning 5:19" single;
 * Frances Ruffelle – "Stranger to the Rain" single;
 * Rush – Power Windows album;
 * S Club – 7 album (No. 1 in the UK charts in 2000);
 * Scarlet – Naked album;
 * Seal – Seal, Seal II and Human Being albums;
 * Siphiwo – Hope album (featuring Nelson Mandela on the title track);
 * Wendy Stark – Stark album;
 * Rod Stewart – A Spanner in the Works and If We Fall in Love Tonight albums, and the single "Downtown Train";
 * Suggs – The Lone Ranger album;
 * TM Network – Carol: A Day in a Girl's Life album;
 * Travis – "More Than Us" EP, featuring Dudley on the title track;
 * Tina Turner – Wildest Dreams album;
 * Wet Wet Wet – Holding Back the River album (reaching No. 2 in the UK charts 1989);
 * Wham! – "Everything She Wants" single and "Young Guns (Go for It)", their first hit single;
 * Robbie Williams – Reality Killed the Video Star album;
 * Will Young – Friday's Child album (reaching No. 1 in the UK charts in 2004) and "Leave Right Now" single (reaching No. 1 in the UK charts in 2003).

Awards
In addition to Dudley's Academy Award for The Full Monty, she has received a number of awards and nominations.
 * Grammy Award (1987): The Art of Noise version of "Peter Gunn" won for Best Rock Instrumental Performance in 1986.
 * Brit Award (twice): 1998 for Best Soundtrack (1998), for The Full Monty. 1989 for Buster, for Best British Soundtrack.
 * Ivor Novello Award (3 nominations): for Crime Traveller, Best Original Music for Broadcast 1997; for The Key, Best Original Music for Television 2003; and for Trial and Retribution, Best Television Soundtrack 2008.
 * BASCA Gold Badge Award: 14 October 2014, in recognition of their unique contribution to music.

 * Other honours
 * 2004: She was made a Fellow of The Royal College of Music.
 * 2011: Awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Kent.

Television appearances

 * Dudley appeared on the 2018/2019 Christmas University Challenge representing King's College London alongside Anita Anand (captain), Angela Saini, and Zoe Laughlin.

Discography (excluding work from Art of Noise)

 * Buster (1988)
 * Songs from the Victorious City (1991) (collaboration with Killing Joke's Jaz Coleman)
 * Jeeves and Wooster Album titled "The World of Jeeves & Wooster" (1991)
 * The Pope Must Die (1991)
 * The Crying Game (1992)
 * Felidae (1994)
 * Gentlemen Don't Eat Poets (1995)
 * American History X (1998)
 * Ancient and Modern (1999)
 * Pushing Tin (1999)
 * The 10th Kingdom (2000)
 * A Different Light (2001)
 * Monkeybone (2001)
 * Seriously Chilled (2003)
 * Club Classical: Orchestral Chillout Sounds (2003) (BBC Music Magazine free cover disc compilation CD of live and studio recordings, also including two works by Dave Heath)
 * Tristan & Isolde (2006)
 * Black Book (2006)
 * Crossing the Bar (2022)

title: Anne Dudley


text:
Nicholas Budgen

Nicholas William Budgen (3 November 1937 – 26 October 1998), often called Nick Budgen, was a British Conservative Party politician.

Early life and career
Named after St Nicholas Church in Newport, Shropshire of which his grandfather was a priest, Budgen was baptised at Lichfield Cathedral by his grandfather, who had also baptised Enoch Powell, as well as marrying his parents. Thirty-seven years later Budgen would succeed Powell as the Conservative member of Parliament for Wolverhampton South West.

Budgen was educated at St Edward's School in Oxford and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Budgen was raised by his grandfather after his father George had been killed during the Second World War at Tobruk on 16 June 1942, one of his uncles having been killed during the First World War and another during the Second World War at Burma in March 1945. During his national service he rose to the rank of lieutenant in the North Staffordshire Regiment, before transferring to the Staffordshire Yeomanry in 1959. He became a barrister at Gray's Inn in 1962. Bugden was also a very keen amateur rider under National Hunt rules and in the spring of 1971, won two steeplechases (at Market Rasen and Stratford) on his mare Jocelin, who later became the dam of the very useful steeplechaser Brown Chamberlin.

Political career
In the 1970 general election he stood for the Conservatives in Birmingham Small Heath, but failed to gain election. When the Conservative MP Enoch Powell left the party and resigned from his seat over their policy on the EEC, only six weeks before the 1974 general election, Budgen was selected to stand for the Conservatives in Powell's old seat: Wolverhampton South West.

In 1975 he voted to remain in the Common Market. In 1981 he was made a Conservative whip, at the time a sure way of becoming a minister. On 8 May 1982, however, he resigned as a whip over his opposition to the creation of a Northern Ireland Assembly with no government powers. However The Spectator selected him as their 1984 Backbencher of the Year. His speeches in November 1985 against the Anglo-Irish Agreement persuaded his cousin Ian Gow to resign as a minister from Margaret Thatcher's government.

According to Michael Brown, who was at the time a government whip, Nick Budgen was the only critic of the March 1988 Budget, which contained many "giveaways" and led to high inflation and the 1990 recession. Brown described the situation in the Commons tea room after the budget as one of congratulatory atmosphere until Nick Budgen entered and proceeded to tell those present "It is the most irresponsible budget I have ever heard, it will be downhill from now on. In one fell swoop Mr Lawson has squandered five years of responsible economic management".

He was also opposed to immigration to the UK and on 10 October 1989, at the Conservative Party Conference, he, with Tim Janman, MP, and Jonathan Guinness (in the chair), addressed a controversial fringe meeting organized by the Young Monday Club, advertised as ''The End of the English? – Immigration and Repatriation''.

Charles Moore described at Budgen's memorial service how he once rang Budgen pretending to be a racist constituent. He said that Budgen said he supported a firm immigration policy, but when pushed to agree that all immigrants should be sent home, he forcefully defended their right to be in Britain. "His distaste was palpable. I can think of many more liberal-minded MPs who might have given less firm answers to someone they thought might vote for them," he said.

His real prominence came in the 1990s when he was one of the whipless eight; the Maastricht Rebels. The whipless eight had taken to having their own policy meetings, leading former pro-EU Prime Minister Edward Heath to describe them as "a party within a party". To Budgen the European question was an issue far more important than mere party loyalty. He had a contemptuous attitude towards both party and his leaders, having the second most rebellious voting record in the House of Commons for the period from 1979 to 1997. He is quoted as saying, "you know, this is a government you can push" and was acutely aware that John Major's government was reliant upon the right wing of its party because of its small majority in the House of Commons.

To this end, he helped lead a hardcore of approximately 50 right-wing Conservative Party MPs to influence government policy on Northern Ireland and Europe among other things. His hard line on the Northern Ireland situation was perhaps stiffened by the IRA murder of his cousin Ian Gow MP, who bled to death in his wife's arms in 1990. He was popular with right-wingers not only for his intelligence but also because he had been campaigning against the UK's gradual European drift since he resigned as a Whip in 1983.

The day after a conciliatory article in The Times by Budgen, John Major returned the Conservative whip to the rebels. Additionally, of the whipless rebels, he was the only one to vote with the government on VAT on fuel in November 1994; the government were, however, defeated, forcing the then Chancellor Ken Clarke to return to Parliament with a "mini budget", an unprecedented event.

It was Budgen who first mooted the idea of a referendum on the European Single Currency in 1993, with his proposed European Currency (Referendum) Bill.

Budgen was also a leading member of the Treasury Select Committee, who questioned every tax rise and attacked Kenneth Clarke as being "intellectually dishonest". It was his position on this committee that persuaded him that the Bank of England should be made independent of political interference, this led to his private members bill in 1994, an attempt to privatise the Bank of England. The bill failed; however, in 1997 when the Labour Party was in government, it made the Bank of England independent as one of its first measures.

Budgen was also vociferous in protecting the rights of gun owners following the Dunblane massacre. His speech was described in The Guardian by columnist Simon Hoggart as "one of the last great parliamentary speeches". The Dunblane bill created a situation where small calibre pistols were illegal in the UK (apart from a 3-week period in 2002 for the Commonwealth Games being held in Manchester, with British teams being forced to practise in France).

Due to his support for a referendum on the question of European integration, James Goldsmith's Referendum Party decided not to run a candidate against him. Budgen had in fact suggested to the seatless former Conservative Government minister Alan Clark that he should stand for the Referendum Party. He had said that the Conservatives "in the West Midlands will be running on alternative manifesto", presumably meaning with other local Maastricht Rebels, Christopher Gill (Ludlow) and Richard Shepherd (Aldridge & Brownhills). Despite losing with a 9.9% swing from the Conservatives to Labour, of the 144 seats that Labour gained from the Conservatives it had the joint-tenth lowest swing, and was one of only 13 seats that changed hands with a swing in single figures.

Whilst Budgen was in favour of limiting immigration and opposed a ban on handguns, he voted against capital punishment.

Budgen was a keen huntsman. He had hunted in 29 of the UK's counties, and in his youth was well known as a particularly fearless rider; he wrote regularly for Horse and Hound and occasionally for the Wall Street Journal, The Times, Daily Mail, Glasgow Herald and The Irish Times. Budgen was described in the Commons by one former minister as being "worth ten placeman" and by the Daily Telegraph as the "late, great Nicholas Budgen". He seemed to take great joy in continuing Wolverhampton South West's feud (begun by Enoch Powell) with Edward Heath, heckling him at any opportunity.

Powell had let it be known that he would refuse a peerage while Heath was still in the Commons, and the latter refused to retire from the Commons for so long as he thought Powell might have a chance of a peerage. According to Julian Critchley, Budgen purchased his suits from Oxfam and rarely bought anyone a drink.

Nicholas Budgen died of liver cancer at Stafford General Hospital on 26 October 1998. His funeral service was near his Lichfield farm at Lichfield Cathedral, where his grandfather had been Dean. The eulogy was given by his close friend and fellow Maastricht rebel Richard Shepherd, at his memorial service at St Margaret's Church, Westminster another close friend Charles Moore gave a eulogy.

Quotations
On the Downing Street Declaration which said that Britain has "no selfish, strategic or economic interest" in maintaining the Union with Northern Ireland, Budgen asked John Major the question - "Can I reassure my constituents that the United Kingdom has an interest in maintaining Wolverhampton in the Union?"

On supporting Douglas Hurd in the 1990 Conservative leadership contest: "it is the Conservative worker's fate to be betrayed by his leader, so we may at least be betrayed elegantly."

"New Labour will not nationalise industry, it will instead nationalise people."

"If the Conservatives say beggars should be kicked once, then New Labour will say that beggars should be kicked twice."

"It would be my general feeling that the transference of power to Europe was so important a matter as to require a vote against any organisation and any party that wished to transfer that power."

On John Major: "he would make a reasonably competent head of a Wolverhampton Social Security office."

"If it [Labour] comes to power, those solid citizens will put pressure on the fresh-faced public school boy (Tony Blair) and we shall be back to the old story of an enormous public sector borrowing requirement, higher taxes and higher interest rates, and there will be no difference whatsoever in substance between the fresh-faced public school boy and all the old chaps who are in favour of old Labour."

Former Labour MP Ken Livingstone once "said admiringly" to Nick Budgen in 1996: "you've made Major change his policy on Europe, again and again.".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nicholas Budgen


text:
Talk:Buddy Hackett

Pretty sure Buddy served in WWII as he was born after WWI.

Untitled
The page doesn't seem to do justice to the fact that Buddy's main income and time for most of his career was spent doing nightclubs/vegas with his comedy act. The talk show appearances and films may have been visible to many, but it wasn't his main work! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.105.203.81 (talk) 19:34, 30 January 2009 (UTC)

I added a few facts I know about Buddy Hackett, tried to Preview and Save and was unable to. Bruce Howard

 * There shouldn't be any trouble, I just did both. If you only "Preview" nothing gets saved, you need to hit the "Save" button if you want to save. Was that the problem? If not, could you explain the problem more fully? -- Someone else 23:22 5 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Around 1981, Hackett appeared in an episode of "Murder She Wrote" as a has been comedian. This was during the first three seasons of the series. His role wasn't a cameo, he was a key character. --2601:8C3:4000:8EB4:51F8:235C:9852:F7E1 (talk) 00:59, 5 June 2017 (UTC)Bill Ross

Picture
I've removed the image that was on this page because it may not be fair use i.e. it was a screenshot from the Love Bug, and as licensed, can only be used for commentary on the movie. A publicity photo would be better. Gershwinrb 21:10, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Cause of death
Can anyone identify the cause of Hackett's death?, this article says he died from diabeties complications, but the Internet Movie Database says he died of natural causes. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 209.244.187.115 (talk) 21:21, 13 April 2007 (UTC).

Death
I removed anything in this article that says Hackett died from diabetes, since alot of other sources says he died from natural causes. Diabetes should be considered a natural cause. It's just more specific.

But why don't other sources say it was from diabetes

Scrooged
Bobcat Goldthwait indicated on an appearance on "Dinner and a movie" that while filming "Scrooged" he had either quit or been fired. He had been complaining about all the smoking on the set, further, he refused to continue if it didn't get resolved.

Fair use rationale for File:Buddy Hackett.jpg
File:Buddy Hackett.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 12:54, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Correction on Space Rangers Bio Credit
I edited this section because Buddy Hackett only appeared in one (1) episode of Space Rangers, not in two episodes, as was reported in this section. This can be verified through Wikipedia's own page on Space Rangers: Space Rangers Episodes: Wiki Page. The only episode that he appeared in was: "To Be Or Not To Be".

68.60.60.117 (talk) 13:29, 17 April 2011 (UTC)

Not Really Borough Park
The article mentions Hackett growing up in Brooklyn in the Borough Park section on 54th Street and 14th Avenue; this is not really correct.

Having grown up on 58th Street and 17th Avenue, this part of Brooklyn is really considered the New Utrecht section of Brooklyn; Borough Park is actually a bit further north with lower street and avenue intersections; New Utrecht is more accurately between Borough Park and Bensonhurst to the south.

Indeed, that Hackett went to New Utrecht High School should make this reasonably clear however the way school districts are drawn, especially for something for so large an area as a high school would not, of course, make this necessarily so.

Satchmo Sings (talk) 01:09, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

Hackett as a "serious" actor
Hackett took serious roles you might not have expected him to play, some of which rendered him nearly or completely unrecognizable. One is in an episode of The Big Valley, in which he plays Heath's (presumed) father. An even more-startling role is in episode 2.2 of The Rifleman, where he's the crazed father of three sociopathic men. I thought he looked vaguely familiar, but was nevertheless startled when reading the credits. This article needs a deeper discussion of Hackett as a dramatic actor. WilliamSommerwerck (talk) 15:38, 27 March 2013 (UTC)

"(censored)" in "Early Career" section
What does this mean:

"Jules White himself told several interviewers that the story was (censored), and he alternated between laughter and anger that Buddy was using his name to weave the tale."

The story was censored or the story was described profanely by Jules White and somebody here censored the description? In either case, here is extra profanity to cover any that was missed: fuck shit piss ass balls. --68.41.20.17 (talk) 18:33, 14 February 2014 (UTC)

Years active
IMDB says that his last credits were in 2003 and not 2000.

Should his years active be left at 2000, or get changed to 2003?

https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0004983/?mode=desktop&ref_=m_ft_dsk#actor

https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0004983/?mode=desktop&ref_=m_ft_dsk#self MikaelaArsenault (talk) 23:19, 17 October 2020 (UTC)

MacMillan and Wife
Buddy had the guest star role in an episode of MacMillan and Wife where he played a well known comedian attending his college reunion while several former classmates are murdered. This should be added to the filmography Massanissa (talk) 04:20, 18 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Buddy Hackett


text:
Weald

The Weald is an area of South East England between the parallel chalk escarpments of the North and the South Downs. It crosses the counties of Hampshire, Surrey, West Sussex, East Sussex, and Kent. It has three parts, the sandstone "High Weald" in the centre, the clay "Low Weald" periphery and the Greensand Ridge, which stretches around the north and west of the Weald and includes its highest points. The Weald once was covered with forest and its name, Old English in origin, signifies "woodland". The term is still used, as scattered farms and villages sometimes refer to the Weald in their names.

Etymology
The name "Weald" is derived from the Old English , meaning "forest" (cognate of German Wald, but unrelated to English "wood"). This comes from a Germanic root of the same meaning, and ultimately from Indo-European. Weald is specifically a West Saxon form; wold is the Anglian form of the word. The Middle English form of the word is wēld, and the modern spelling is a reintroduction of the Old English form attributed to its use by William Lambarde in his A Perambulation of Kent of 1576.

In early medieval Britain, the area had the name Andredes weald, meaning "the forest of Andred", the latter derived from Anderida, the Roman name of present-day Pevensey. The area is also referred to in early English texts as Andredesleage, where the second element, leage, is another Old English word for "woodland", represented by the modern . The adjective for "Weald" is "wealden".

Geology
The Weald is the eroded remains of a geological structure, an anticline, a dome of layered Lower Cretaceous rocks cut through by weathering to expose the layers as sandstone ridges and clay valleys. The oldest rocks exposed at the centre of the anticline are correlated with the Purbeck Beds of the Upper Jurassic. Above these, the Cretaceous rocks, include the Wealden Group of alternating sands and clays – the Ashdown Sand Formation, Wadhurst Clay Formation, Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation (collectively known as the Hastings Beds) and the Weald Clay. The Wealden Group is overlain by the Lower Greensand and the Gault Formation, consisting of the Gault and the Upper Greensand.

The rocks of the central part of the anticline include hard sandstones, and these form hills now called the High Weald. The peripheral areas are mostly of softer sandstones and clays and form a gentler rolling landscape, the Low Weald. The Weald–Artois Anticline continues some 40 mi further south-eastwards under the Straits of Dover, and includes the Boulonnais of France.

Many important fossils have been found in the sandstones and clays of the Weald, including, for example, Baryonyx. The famous scientific hoax of Piltdown Man was claimed to have come from a gravel pit at Piltdown near Uckfield. The first Iguanodon was identified after the fossil collector and illustrator Mary Ann Mantell supposedly unearthed some fossilised teeth by a road in Sussex in 1822. Her husband, the geologist Gideon Mantell sent them to various experts and this important find led to the discovery of dinosaurs. The area contains significant reserves of shale oil, totalling 4.4 billion barrels of oil in the Wealden basin according to a 2014 study, which then Business and Energy Minister Michael Fallon said "will bring jobs and business opportunities" and significantly help with UK energy self-sufficiency. Fracking in the area would be required to achieve these objectives, which has been opposed by environmental groups.

History
Prehistoric evidence suggests that, following the Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, the Neolithic inhabitants had turned to farming, with the resultant clearance of the forest. With the Iron Age came the first use of the Weald as an industrial area. Wealden sandstones contain ironstone, and with the additional presence of large amounts of timber for making charcoal for fuel, the area was the centre of the Wealden iron industry from then, through the Roman times, until the last forge was closed in 1813. The index to the Ordnance Survey Map of Roman Britain lists 33 iron mines, and 67% of these are in the Weald.

The entire Weald was originally heavily forested. According to the 9th-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Weald measured 120 mi or longer by 30 mi in the Saxon era, stretching from Lympne, near Romney Marsh in Kent, to the Forest of Bere or even the New Forest in Hampshire. The area was sparsely inhabited and inhospitable, being used mainly as a resource by people living on its fringes, much as in other places in Britain such as Dartmoor, the Fens and the Forest of Arden. The Weald was used for centuries, possibly since the Iron Age, for transhumance of animals along droveways in the summer months. Over the centuries, deforestation for the shipbuilding, charcoal, forest glass, and brickmaking industries has left the Low Weald with only remnants of that woodland cover.

While most of the Weald was used for transhumance by communities at the edge of the Weald, several parts of the forest on the higher ridges in the interior seem to have been used for hunting by the kings of Sussex. The pattern of droveways which occurs across the rest of the Weald is absent from these areas. These areas include St Leonard's Forest, Worth Forest, Ashdown Forest and Dallington Forest.

The forests of the Weald were often used as a place of refuge and sanctuary. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle relates events during the Anglo-Saxon conquest of Sussex when the native Britons (whom the Anglo-Saxons called Welsh) were driven from the coastal towns into the recesses of the forest for sanctuary,:

"A.D. 477. This year came Ælle to Britain, with his three sons, Cymen, and Wlenking, and Cissa, in three ships; landing at a place that is called Cymenshore. There they slew many of the Welsh; and some in flight they drove into the wood that is called Andred'sley."

Until the Late Middle Ages the forest was a notorious hiding place for criminals.

Settlements on the Weald are widely scattered. Villages evolved from small settlements in the woods, typically 4 to 5 mi apart; close enough to be an easy walk but not so close as to encourage unnecessary intrusion. Few of the settlements are mentioned in the Domesday Book; however Goudhurst's church dates from the early 12th century or before and Wadhurst was big enough by the mid-13th century to be granted a royal charter permitting a market to be held. Before then, the Weald was used as summer grazing land, particularly for pannage by inhabitants of the surrounding areas. Many places within the Weald have retained names from this time, linking them to the original communities by the addition of the suffix "-den": for example, Tenterden was the area used by the people of Thanet. Permanent settlements in much of the Weald developed much later than in other parts of lowland Britain, although there were as many as one hundred furnaces and forges operating by the later 16th century, employing large numbers of people.

In the 12th century, the Weald still extended so far that citizens of London could hunt wild bull and the boar in Hampstead.

In 1216 during the First Barons' War, a guerilla force of archers from the Weald, led by William of Cassingham (nicknamed Willikin of the Weald), ambushed the French occupying army led by Prince Louis near Lewes and drove them to the coast at Winchelsea. The timely arrival of a French fleet allowed the French forces to narrowly escape starvation. William was later granted a pension from the crown and made warden of the Weald in reward for his services.

The inhabitants of the Weald remained largely independent and hostile to outsiders during the next decades. In 1264 during the Second Barons' War, the royalist army of King Henry III of England marched through the Weald in order to force the submission of the Cinque Ports. Even though they were not aligned with the rebellious barons, the Weald's natives – mostly operating as archers – opposed the royalist advance, using guerrilla warfare. Even though they were unable to stop the army, their attacks inflicted substantial losses on the royalists. In retribution, King Henry ordered the execution of any Weald archers who were captured alive, for instance beheading 300 after a local shot his cook. The king also fined the Battle Abbey for the disloyalty of its tenants.

In the first edition of On The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin used an estimate for the erosion of the chalk, sandstone and clay strata of the Weald in his theory of natural selection. Charles Darwin was a follower of Lyell's theory of uniformitarianism and decided to expand upon Lyell's theory with a quantitative estimate to determine if there was enough time in the history of the Earth to uphold his principles of evolution. He assumed the rate of erosion was around one inch per century and calculated the age of the Weald at around 300 million years. Were that true, he reasoned, the Earth itself must be much older. In 1862, William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) published a paper "On the age of the sun's heat", in which – unaware of the process of solar fusion – he calculated the Sun had been burning for less than a million years, and put the outside limit of the age of the Earth at 200 million years. Based on these estimates he denounced Darwin's geological estimates as imprecise. Darwin saw Lord Kelvin's calculation as one of the most serious criticisms to his theory and removed his calculations on the Weald from the third edition of On the Origin of Species.

Modern chronostratigraphy shows that the Weald Clays were laid down around 130 million years ago in the Early Cretaceous.

Geography
The Weald begins north-east of Petersfield in Hampshire and extends across Surrey and Kent in the north, and Sussex in the south. The western parts in Hampshire and West Sussex, known as the Western Weald, are included in the South Downs National Park. Other protected parts of the Weald are included in the Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. In extent it covers about 85 mi from west to east, and about 30 mi from north to south, covering an area of some 500 sqmi. The eastern end of the High Weald, the English Channel coast, is marked in the centre by the high sandstone cliffs from Hastings to Pett Level; and by former sea cliffs now fronted by the Pevensey and Romney Marshes on either side.

Much of the High Weald, the central part, is designated as the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Its landscape is described as one of

"rolling hills, studded with sandstone outcrops and cut by streams to form steep-sided ravines (called gills); small irregular-shaped fields and patches of heathland, abundant woodlands; scattered farmsteads and sunken lanes and paths."

Ashdown Forest, an extensive area of heathland and woodland occupying the highest sandy ridge-top at the centre of the High Weald, is a former royal deer-hunting forest created by the Normans and said to be the largest remaining part of Andredesweald.

There are centres of settlement, the largest of which are Horsham, Burgess Hill, East Grinstead, Haywards Heath, Tonbridge, Tunbridge Wells, Crowborough; and the area along the coast from Hastings and Bexhill-on-Sea to Rye and Hythe.

The geological map shows the High Weald in lime green (9a).

The Low Weald, the periphery of the Weald, is shown as darker green on the map (9), and has an entirely different character. It is in effect the eroded outer edges of the High Weald, revealing a mixture of sandstone outcrops within the underlying clay. As a result, the landscape is of wide and low-lying clay vales with small woodlands ("shaws") and fields. There is a great deal of surface water: ponds and many meandering streams.

Some areas, such as the flat plain around Crawley, have been utilised for urban use: here are Gatwick Airport and its related developments and the Horley-Crawley commuter settlements. Otherwise the Low Weald retains its historic settlement pattern, where the villages and small towns occupy harder outcrops of rocks. There are no large towns on the Low Weald, although Ashford, Sevenoaks and Reigate lie immediately on the northern edge. Settlements tend to be small and linear, because of its original wooded nature and heavy clay soils.

The Weald is drained by the many streams radiating from it, the majority being tributaries of the surrounding major rivers: particularly the Mole, Medway, Stour, Rother, Cuckmere, Ouse, Adur and Arun. Many of these streams provided the power for the watermills, blast furnaces and hammers of the iron industry and the cloth mills.

Transport infrastructure
The M25, M26 and M20 motorways all use the Vale of Holmesdale to the north, and therefore run along or near the northern edge of the Weald. The M23/A23 road to Brighton, uses the western, narrower, part of the Weald where there are stream headwaters, crossing it from north to south. Other roads take similar routes, although they often have long hills and many bends: the more sedate, but busy A21 trunk road to Hastings is still beset with traffic delays, despite having had some new sections.

Five railways once crossed the Weald, now reduced to three. Building them provided the engineers with difficulties in crossing the terrain, with the hard sandstone adding to their problems. The Brighton Main Line followed the same route as its road predecessors: although it necessitated the long tunnel near Balcombe and the Ouse Valley Viaduct. Tributaries of the River Ouse provided some assistance in the building of now-closed East Grinstead-Lewes and the Uckfield-Lewes lines. The principal main-line railway to Hastings had to negotiate difficult terrain when it was first built, necessitating many sharp curves and tunnels; and similar problems had to be faced with the Ashford-Hastings line.

Several long-distance footpaths criss-cross the Weald, and it is well-mapped recreationally, covered by routes from:
 * The Ramblers' Associations and most District Councils for walkers
 * Sustrans and local county councils for cyclists

Farming
Neither the thin infertile sands of the High Weald or the wet sticky clays of the Low Weald are suited to intensive arable farming and the topography of the area often increases the difficulties. There are limited areas of fertile greensand which can be used for intensive vegetable growing, as in the valley of the Western Rother. Historically the area of cereals grown has varied greatly with changes in prices, increasing during the Napoleonic Wars and during and since World War II.

About 60% of the High Weald farmed land is grassland, with about 20% being arable.

The Weald has its own breed of cattle, called the Sussex, although the breed has been as numerous in Kent and parts of Surrey. Bred from the strong hardy oxen, which continued to be used to plough the clay soils of the Low Weald longer than in most places, these red beef cattle were highly praised by Arthur Young in his book Agriculture of Sussex when visiting Sussex in the 1790s. William Cobbett commented on finding some of the finest cattle on some of the region's poorest subsistence farms on the High Weald. Pigs, which were kept by most households in the past, were able to be fattened in autumn on acorns in the extensive oak woods. In his novel Memoirs of a Fox-hunting Man, the poet and novelist Siegfried Sassoon refers to "the agricultural serenity of the Weald widespread in the delicate hazy sunshine".

Viticulture has expanded quite rapidly across the Weald, where the climate and soil is well suited to the growing of grapes, with over 20 vineyards now in the Wealden district alone

Wildlife
The Weald has largely maintained its wooded character, with woodland still covering 23% of the overall area (one of the highest levels in England) and the proportion is considerably higher in some central parts. The sandstones of the Wealden rocks are usually acidic, often leading to the development of acidic habitats such as heathland, the largest remaining areas of which are in Ashdown Forest and near Thursley.

Although common in France, the wild boar became extinct in Great Britain by the 17th century, but wild breeding populations have recently returned in the Weald, following escapes from boar farms.

Culture
The Weald has been associated with many writers, particularly in the 19th and early 20th centuries. These include Vita Sackville-West (1892–1962), Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) and Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936). The setting for A.A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh stories was inspired by Ashdown Forest, near Milne's country home at Hartfield. John Evelyn (1620–1706), whose family estate was Wotton House on the River Tillingbourne near Dorking, Surrey, was an essayist, diarist, and early author of botany, gardening and geography. The second half of E. M. Forster's A Room with a View takes place at the protagonist's family home, "Windy Corner", in the Weald.

Sir Winston Churchill, British statesman and a prolific writer himself, did much of his writing at his country house, Chartwell, near Westerham, which has extensive views over the Weald. The view from the house was of crucial importance to Churchill; he once remarked, "I bought Chartwell for that view."

In the early 21st century, Tunbridge Wells Borough Council promoted "Seven Wonders of the Weald":
 * Bayham Old Abbey
 * Bedgebury Pinetum
 * Bewl Water
 * Finchcocks
 * Lamberhurst Vineyard
 * Marle Place
 * Scotney Castle

Sport
The game of cricket may have originated prior to the 13th century in the Weald. The related game of stoolball is still popular in the Weald, it was originally played mainly by women's teams, but since the formation of the Sussex league at the beginning of the 20th century it has been played by both men and women.

Other English wealds and wolds
Several other areas in southern England have the name "Weald", including North Weald in Essex, and Harrow Weald in north-west London.

"Wold" is used as the name for various open rolling upland areas in the North of England, including the Yorkshire Wolds and the Lincolnshire Wolds, although these are, by contrast, chalk uplands.

The Cotswolds are a major geographical feature of central England, forming a south-west to north-east line across the country.

title: Weald


text:
Charles Pelham Villiers

Charles Pelham Villiers (3 January 1802 – 16 January 1898) was a British lawyer and politician from the aristocratic Villiers family. He sat in the House of Commons for 63 years, from 1835 to 1898, making him the longest-serving Member of Parliament (MP). He also holds the distinction of the oldest candidate to win a parliamentary seat, at 93. He was a radical and reformer who often collaborated with John Bright and had a noteworthy effect in the leadership of the Anti-Corn Law League, until its repeal in 1846. Lord Palmerston appointed him to the cabinet as president of the Poor-Law Board in 1859. His Public Works (Manufacturing Districts) Act of 1863 opened job-creating schemes in public health projects. He progressed numerous other reforms, most notably the Metropolitan Poor Act of 1867. Florence Nightingale helped him formulate the reform, in particular, ensure professionalisation of nursing as part of the poor law regime, the workhouses of which erected public infirmaries under an Act of the same year. His political importance was overshadowed by his brother, the Earl of Clarendon, and undercut by the hostility of Gladstone.

Background and education
Villiers was the son of the Hon. George Villiers and the Hon. Theresa, daughter of John Parker, 1st Baron Boringdon. He was the grandson of Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon and brother of George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon. He was educated at East India Company College and St John's College, Cambridge, becoming a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in 1827. He was raised to the rank of an Earl's son in 1839 and thus entitled to be styled the Honourable Charles Pelham Villiers.

Political career
Villiers held Benthamite political views and enjoyed a long career in public service and Parliament. In 1832, he was a Poor Law Commissioner, and from 1833 to 1852 was an examiner of witnesses in the Court of Chancery.

Villiers was elected as a Liberal Member of Parliament for Wolverhampton in 1835. In each year from 1837 to 1845, he launched parliamentary debates in attempts to repeal the Corn Laws. In 1838, he spoke to over 5,000 "working-class men" in Manchester and told them that the presence of so large an audience gave him the proof that "the working class man was with him." Villiers was unsuccessful in his attempts, but in 1840 sat on the Committee on Import Duties that provided much of the evidence that pressured Robert Peel into his sliding scale concession in 1842. The bluebook produced by the Committee on Import Duties was published in pamphlet form and distributed across the country by the Anti-Corn Law League, it was reprinted in America and quoted by all leading newspapers of the day, the Spectator published it in abridged form. In February 1842, Villiers was called by Monckton Milnes MP, the "solitary Robinson Crusoe standing on the barren rock of Corn Law repeal." In 1842, the majority in favour of retaining the Corn Laws had been 303, at the vote on Villiers motion in June 1845 it was down to 132. After the repeal in 1846, the press said of Villiers that he was "the most persevering and undaunted supporter of those principles within the house." David Ricardo, Chairman of the Free Traders in London, wished to raise money to give to Villiers in recognition of his work, but Villiers declined.

Villiers was a corresponding member of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, and he attended the World Anti-Slavery Convention in London in 1840.

In 1847 Villiers was returned for Lancashire South but elected to sit for his former constituency; his election in Lancashire South was unsolicited but an honour conferred by the people there to express their gratitude for his good work with the repeal of the Corn Laws. Villiers was sworn of the Privy Council in 1853 and served under Lord Aberdeen and Lord Palmerston as Judge Advocate General from 1852 to 1858. In 1853 the Times observed that "it was Mr. Charles Villiers who practically originated the Free Trade movement." He served under Palmerston and Lord Russell as President of the Poor Law Board (with a seat in the cabinet) from 1859 to 1866. In 1876 he wrote to the Manchester-based Women's Suffrage Journal in which he stated, in the words of the Journal, that "he had voted for the measure [suffrage] on more than one occasion, and should do so again. As far as he was acquainted with the objections usually alleged, he was bound to say they only appear to be those which have always been offered whenever any fresh extension of liberty to the subject has been proposed, and which he had himself heard urged against personal freedom in the colonies, religious liberty in this country, the enfranchisement of the working classes, and against the abolition of every monopoly, political and commercial, wherever it has been assailed."

Villiers was offered a peerage in June 1885, but declined. His Wolverhampton constituency was divided under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 and he was then elected for Wolverhampton South, switching to the Liberal Unionist party in 1886. He was the Father of the House of Commons from 1890 until his death in 1898. However, the last time he attended Parliament was in 1895. During his time in Parliament he worked towards free trade and opposed the Corn Laws and home rule for Ireland. He is noted as being the voice in parliament of the free trade movement before the election of Richard Cobden and John Bright.

Personal life
Villiers died unmarried in January 1898, aged 96. He is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery. A statue of him stands in West Park in Wolverhampton.

title: Charles Pelham Villiers


text:
Talk:Nicoleta Alexandru

Biography assessment rating comment
WikiProject Biography Summer 2007 Assessment Drive

The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Yamara 20:16, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

Discussion
I think this page might be a candidate for deletion - it's not encyclopedic, it's not wikified, and I don't think Nicola meets the Google test (but I could be wrong). But I'm a newbie, so I'll wait for a second to add it to the Deletion list... -Aion 23:21 5 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I'm not sure if this page is worth keeping either. I've removed most of it and converted it to a stub. Here's what i took: Tristanb 04:18 9 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Her musical career is now taking an international turn. Eurovision Song Contest official site is already updated on her professional achievements. So we wanted to learn about Nicola’s personal life.

Maria Antonia, the 9 year old Nicola’s daughter, disputes the importance of 24th of May with her mother: the same day, little Maria will have to pass her piano exam, which she claims to be at least as important as Nicola’s presence at the Eurovision Final in Riga. Talking one to another about these two difficult tasks, Nicola emphasizes: “Maria, if you do not get a good mark, the only one angry with you is me or maybe, the family, but if I do not sing well and do not get good marks, then a whole country will be disappointed…”.

Besides Maria, who has been studying piano in a music school, the other two Nicola’s children are in love with sports. Andrei (16 years old), the eldest son, dreams to become a famous football player and Jonathan (9 years old), the youngest son, although he studies piano, waits impatiently to turn 11 in order to enroll in a basket-ball team. Jonathan loves Michael Jordan and he wants to wear only basket-ball clothes and now he is working to convince his parents to put a basket in their apartment.

Talking about her kids, Nicola says they are like “terrorists”: each one has his/her own ideea and wants to impose it. Maria loves animals very much and that’s why Nicola’s house has often become a little zoo, although the space is not very generous. Dogs, cats, Guineea pigs, fishes, hamsters, and even a goat have populated their apartment… Just a few days ago a dobberman chewed and almost destoyed an armchair. Despite that, Nicola is still willing “to share her planet”. Sharing her apartement is now a whole new discution…

Do not even think that if her kids are so, Nicola is somekind different… No, not at all. “ I have just lost my 5th mobile phone… I am air-headed all the time, I always forget to do or to take something with me… “ [Nicola about herself]. She is lucky to have her husband, Mihai, by her side to take care of everything. Mihai also composes Nicolas’s songs… They have a tradition in their proffesional relationship: whenever Nicola doesn’t like the songs Mihai composes, those songs become for sure a big success… This happened even to “Don’t Break My Heart” that won the national selection for Eurovision Song Contest.

“I like sports, I like skating, roller skating, table tennis and also football. Not only I like to watch football matches, but also I love to play and score points. When I am tired I love to go to an extraordinary beautiful place in Moldavia (in the N-E of Romania) and refill my energy there. But I do not like cooking or cleaning the house and I am afraid to travel by plane…” Nicola confesses.

We were courious to find out if she had some funny moments on stage… She laughed and then said: “Yes, last year I performed at Mamaia Song Contest having an enormous lower lip, because a bee had stung me while drinking my favourite carrot juice. Everybody thought I had had a collagen implant…”

After coming back from Riga, Nicola will be working for her next CD that will be released during that summer. Till Riga, she will prepare her presence at the final: she will jog, exercise her voice, make general rehearsals (together with the group of dancers)… Her stage costume is not ready yet, but very good designers from Romania promise to impress Europe with their creations…

“I am not emotioned now, but I am sure I will be at the moment I have to go on stage in Riga… But I become emotion-free when I am in front of my public, because the audience gives me power and stregth. It’s easier for me to sing for the public than for the jury…”.

Fair use rationale for Image:Nicola-nicoleta-alexandru.jpg
Image:Nicola-nicoleta-alexandru.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 23:41, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nicoleta Alexandru


text:
Talk:Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban

watch
I am responding to the Wikipedia editorial note that this summary is too long. On having read it, I am inclined to say it is not quite long enough. J.K. Rowling's story, while quite easy to read, has a number of themes which are not easy to unravel. It is easy to overlook telling points on a first reading. Also there are differences between the book and the film, which are not simply matters of abbreviation. So, given that both the book and the film are part of our popular culture, it would be worthwhile to have a summary with enough depth to make main themes clear. If someone wants to read a summary shorter than this, they are not really interested in the work of art that Rowling has given us. Hopefully the Wikipedia entries should not provide 'dumbed down' versions of literary works, which allow people to feel happy with a superficial understanding, but rather to provide doorways to deeper understanding.

Hugh James 66.81.100.246 (talk) 17:26, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

Plot Summary
Ok, I read it. I know Azkaban is a relatively short book, but come on guys. That is not a plot summary, it is a joke. Why not just write 'well, Harry went to school again', and leave it at that? (oops, silly me, that is the sort of thing a vandal would do if he rubbed out the real plot summary and just put in something stupid) Sandpiper 00:14, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Further to my last comment, and indeed having read the equivalent pages for each book. There seems to be two schools of thought as to whether a short plot summary or a long plot summary is preferable. Some articles have one, and some have the other. I see no reason why the article should not have both. The total is still not excessively long for an article, particularly if the other incidental information is placed at the start where anyone can read it quickly. In any case, the articles do not contain very much more than the plot summaries, anyway. Accordingly, I have restored the original long summary, following on from the short one. It would appear that each article originally had long summaries, until someone removed them to separate articles. I can see why some people may prefer the short one (I think the long version here is actually too long too), but I see no reason not to have both. Sandpiper 22:45, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Thats one hell of a long plot summary, I think it is good and has had a lot of hard work to put it together but it probably shouldn't be called 'summary' as this implies a short description, which this deffinatly aint! But leave the body of text as it is. --Dan 01:56, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I've started to shorten the text a bit. I'm leaving in most of the details, but text that is already handled elsewhere like the description of Azkaban has been removed.  -JohnRDaily 16:49, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Can't we just create another page for summery of the plot and have a far more abbreaviated version here? Evil Deep Blue 03:29, 28 February 2006 (UTC)
 * My argument against doing that is that SparkNotes already has extensive Plot Summaries on its website (chapter by chapter in fact), and we don't need that much detail here. These are meant to be plot overviews, not entire breakdowns of each scene. This is by far one of the longest book summaries, so it needs to be pruned where possible. Cybertooth85 17:08, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Has JKR ever said anything about the (blatantly obvious) similarities between her Dementors and Philip Pullman's Spectres (which I think predate Dementors)? I know both have explained their respective creations as manifestations of depression, but they seem too similar, even in little details, to be merely parallel thinking?Michaelsanders 00:09, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Would it be sensible to split the plot summary up into sections, like some of the other HP novels with extrenuous plot summaries? THE  DARK LORD  TROMBONATOR 09:19, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

Also regarding the plot summary, there appears to be a hole between the fourth and fifth paragraphs of the summary (it skips from the first appearance of the Marauder's Map to Professor Trelawney's prediction). Is a 'repair' in order? Hallpriest9 ( Talk |  Archive ) 14:47, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

the plot summary has information in it from the book that is not featured in the movie —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.6.247.123 (talk) 11:58, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
 * That would be correct, because this article is about the book, not the film. DP 76764  (Talk) 15:21, 10 May 2010 (UTC)

§ Is the last sentence of the plot summary accurate? It reads: "Harry visits Lupin before he leaves, and as they say goodbye, Lupin is certain that they will meet again. But then sirius Black ended up being evil and attacking Hogwarts, and then they all died except Dumbledore." This doesn't seem right, e.g., I'm pretty sure "they" didn't all die, and that Sirius isn't evil. Wakalix (talk) 02:43, 11 September 2019 (UTC)

 * No, they didn't all die and Sirius was not evil. It appears the page was vandalized. Also, I've done a major overhaul of the plot summary as the previous one was far too broad and left out important details, rendering the overall synopsis confusing.PNW Raven (talk) 11:52, 14 November 2021 (UTC)

Images
Wouldn't it be proper to put the French cover on the French Wikipedia page and limit images on the English Wikipedia page to images of English versions of the books? -Phi*n!x 01:03, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

 * See Talk:Harry Potter. Brian Jason Drake 06:09, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Ner නෙරන්ජන් තෙන්නකෝන් (talk) 08:36, 3 October 2018 (UTC)

Voldemort
"This is the only Harry Potter book so far in which Lord Voldemort has not appeared in any form." Can we take out "so far", since Voldemort is obviously going to appear in book seven? 84.70.221.48 22:51, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

Wrong Illustrator
The actual UK Illustrator is Cliff Wright, and not Jason Cockcroft, he did the Order of the Phoenix onwards

Why is Jason Cockcroft still showing up on the main page? When I go to edit, in the text box it says Cliff Wright, but continues to show Jason Cockcroft. Aloha princess 20:01, 29 July 2007 (UTC)aloha princess
 * It is in the Template, I'll go and fix it shortly. User: (talk • contribs • count) 07:04, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

Confusion
I am an avid Harry Potter fan, and I don't ever recall anything about "Lee Phillips" and a "Piranha of Azkaban". Is this page just a joke? Because if it is, shouldn't this page be considered for deletion? Danny Sepley 05:50, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

Oops, sorry--I don't know how I commented on the wrong page. For some reason I saw a page with the title "Lee Phillips and the Pirahna of Azkaban". And now it's disappeared. Danny Sepley 18:17, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * It redirects to here. I checked it out, and the only thing in the history was the redirect. THE  DARK LORD  TROMBONATOR 22:44, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you, "The Dark Lord". I did not realize what was going on. Is that like a practical joke kind of page, or something else? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Danny sepley (talk • contribs) 18:39, 4 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Most likely, someone who created a stupid page for the heck of it, so yeah, someone playing some sort of a joke. Anakinjmt 20:02, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Hermoine plot details
In the "tensions" section I added a bit about Hermoine's stress and heavy workload, as it plays a major role in her conflict with Ron and Harry. It also supports the later plot summary reference to the Time-Turner. 23skidoo (talk) 15:58, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

Should we mention Cho?
POA *is* the book where Harry starts to notice Cho Chang, his first girlfriend. Oughtn't we to take a note of that? or is that too minor a detail? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Angelica K (talk • contribs) 01:30, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

Critical Reception
There is no critical reception in this article. I managed to find a New York Times reviewhere. I'm not sure how to break it down, however. -- Glimmer721  talk  01:28, 10 October 2010 (UTC)

Harry Potter and the prisoner of Azkaban is about a man named Sirius Black has excaped from Azkaban Prison and is going to kill Harry as Mr.Weasley told him.But when Harry gets Sirius he trys to kill him,but the only thing is Sirius is trying to get Rons rat scabbers. So Sirius turns Rons rat into a human and ordered him to tell Harry what he dont,Scabbers gave Lilly and James Potter over to Voldemort and thats how they died,Ron was shocked that his pet rat was a human and he was also scarred at the same time.Sirius Black killed Scabbers,but even low Scabbers wasent who he really was Ron still loved and missed him.Harry was confused of what happened so Siruis told him that he was his godfather,Harry was pleased that he still had family and asked Sirius if he could come and stay with him but Sirius said that he wasent aloud but maby when you are older.Harry was sad that he had to go back to staying with his uncle and auntie but atlest he still had some family left. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.250.64.87 (talk) 13:18, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

changes to entry
I changed the release date of the paperback edition of the novel from 1 October 2001 to 2 October 2001. I was wrong and its been like that for 20 days now. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.230.55.196 (talk) 21:38, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

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Talk:USS Halibut

Untitled
USS Halibut (SSGN 587) was a use to find and take pictures of the soviet sub K21 which had sunk miles of the cost of hawaii in the high of the cold war, the K21 was the one of the soviets floating missle platforms. The K21 was thought to be surfacing to recharge her batteries when and explosion occured and it sunk to the ocean floor. The crew of the USS Halibut (SSGN 587) where said to be kept in the dark about its operations and only the captain and vice captain and the intellegance officer knew what there mission was. When the USS Halibut (SSGN 587) returned to port the crew were honoured but they were unsure as to what they had done

title: Talk:USS Halibut


text:
John W. Davis

John William Davis (April 13, 1873 – March 24, 1955) was an American politician, diplomat and lawyer. He served under President Woodrow Wilson as the Solicitor General of the United States and the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom. He was the Democratic nominee for president in 1924, losing to Republican incumbent Calvin Coolidge.

Davis was born and raised in West Virginia, where his father, John James Davis, had been a delegate to the Wheeling Convention and served in the U.S. House of Representatives in the 1870s. Davis joined his father's legal practice and adopted many of his father's political views, including opposition to anti-lynching legislation and support for states' rights. Davis served in the U.S. House from 1911 to 1913, helping to write the Clayton Antitrust Act. He held the position of solicitor general in the Justice Department from 1913 to 1918, during which time he successfully argued for the unconstitutionality of the grandfather clause in Oklahoma's constitution, which had a discriminatory effect against African-American voters, in Guinn v. United States.

While serving as ambassador to Britain from 1918 to 1921, Davis was a dark horse candidate for the 1920 Democratic presidential nomination. After he left office, Davis helped establish the Council on Foreign Relations and advocated for the repeal of Prohibition. The 1924 Democratic National Convention nominated Davis for president after 103 ballots. He remains the only major party presidential nominee from West Virginia. Running on a ticket with Charles W. Bryan, Davis lost in a landslide to incumbent President Coolidge. Davis did not seek public office again after 1924.

He continued as a prominent attorney, associated with several law firms over the years, and represented many of the largest companies in the United States from the 1920s onwards. Davis argued 140 cases before the U.S. Supreme Court. In addition to his legal work, Davis was also involved in the New York City Bar Association, serving as its president from 1931 to 1933. In 1933, he represented J.P. Morgan, Jr. and his companies during a Senate investigation into private banking and the causes of the Great Depression. During the last two decades of his career, Davis represented large corporations before the Supreme Court, challenging the constitutionality and application of New Deal legislation. He lost many of these cases but he scored a major victory in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952), in which the Supreme Court ruled against President Harry Truman's seizure of the nation's steel plants. Davis unsuccessfully defended the "separate but equal" doctrine in Briggs v. Elliott (1952), one of the companion cases to Brown v. Board of Education (1954), in which the Court ruled that segregated public schools were unconstitutional.

Family background
Davis's paternal family had roots in western Virginia and what became West Virginia. His great-grandfather, Caleb Davis, was a clockmaker in the Shenandoah Valley. In 1816, his grandfather, John Davis, moved to Clarksburg in what would later become West Virginia. Its population then was 600–700, and he ran a saddle and harness business. His father, John James Davis, attended Lexington Law School, which later became the Washington and Lee University School of Law. By the age of twenty, John J. had established a law practice in Clarksburg. He was a delegate in the Virginia General Assembly, and after the northwestern portion of Virginia broke away from the rest of Virginia in 1863 and formed West Virginia, he was elected to the new state's House of Delegates and later to the United States House of Representatives.

John W. Davis's mother Anna Kennedy (1841–1917) was from Baltimore, Maryland, daughter of William Wilson Kennedy and his wife Catherine Esdale Martin. Kennedy was a lumber merchant. Catherine was the daughter of Tobias Martin, dairy farmer and amateur poet, and his wife, a member of the Esdale family. The Esdales were members of the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers, who had settled near Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. Reportedly they helped provide support for the Continental Army under George Washington, which had camped there in the winter of 1777–1778.

Early years
Davis's Sunday school teacher recalled that "John W. Davis had a noble face even when small." His biographer said, "[h]e used better English, kept himself cleaner, and was more dignified than most youngsters. He was also extraordinarily well-mannered."

Education
Davis's education began at home, as his mother taught him to read before he had memorized the alphabet. She had him read poetry and other literature from their home library. After turning ten, Davis was put in a class with older students to prepare him for the state teachers examination. A few years later, he was enrolled in a previously all-female seminary that doubled as a private boarding and day school. He never had grades under 94.

Davis entered Washington and Lee University at the age of sixteen. He graduated in 1892 with a major in Latin. He joined the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, participated in intramural sports, and attended mixed parties.

He would have started law school directly after graduation, but he lacked funds. Instead, he became a teacher for Major Edward H. McDonald of Charles Town, West Virginia. Davis taught McDonald's nine children and his six nieces and nephews. His student Julia, nineteen at the time, later became Davis's wife. Davis fulfilled a nine-month contract with McDonald.

He returned to Clarksburg and apprenticed at his father's law practice. For fourteen months he copied documents by hand, read cases, and did much of what other aspiring lawyers did at the time to "read the law".

Davis graduated with a law degree from Washington and Lee University School of Law in 1895 and was elected Law Class Orator. His speech gave a glimpse of his advocacy skills: [The] lawyer has been always the sentinel of the watchtower of liberty. In all times and all countries has he stood forth in defense of his nation, her laws and liberties, not, it may be, under a shower of leaden death, but often with the frown of a revengeful and angry tyrant bent upon him.

Fellow classmates of 1895, shall we ... prove unworthy?

Early legal career
After graduation, Davis obtained the three signatures required to receive his law license (one from a local judge, and two from local attorneys, who attested to his proficiency in the law and upstanding moral character) and joined his father in practice in Clarksburg. They called their partnership Davis and Davis, Attorneys at Law. Davis lost his first three cases before his fortunes began to turn.

Before Davis had completed his first year of private practice, he was recruited to Washington & Lee Law School as an assistant professor, starting in the fall of 1896. At the time, the law school had a faculty of two, and Davis became the third. At the end of the year, Davis was asked to return but demurred. He decided that he needed the "rough & tumble" of private practice.

Family connections
On June 20, 1899, he married Julia T. McDonald, who died on August 17, 1900. They had one daughter together, Julia McDonald Davis. She later married Charles P. Healy, and then William M. Adams. The widower Davis married again, on January 2, 1912, to Ellen G. Bassel. She died in 1943.

Davis was the cousin and adoptive father of Cyrus Vance, who later served as Secretary of State under Jimmy Carter. Vance, born in Clarksburg in 1917, lost his father in 1922 and was sent by his widowed mother to study in Switzerland. The much older and by then quite prominent Davis, referred to as an "uncle" within the family, mentored young Vance and adopted him.

Davis's daughter Julia was one of the first two female journalists hired by the Associated Press in 1926. (The other was probably Marguerite Young. ) Julia married first Charles P. Healy and later William McMillan Adams, president of Sprague International, the export subsidiary of Sprague Electric. He was the son of Arthur Henry Adams, president of the United States Rubber Company. Both father and son were aboard the luxury liner RMS Lusitania when it was sunk by a German submarine in 1915. Arthur Adams died; his son survived.

Julia and William divorced, and both remarried. She divorced again, and later they remarried in their old age. Adams had two sons by his second wife, John Perry and Arthur Henry Adams II. Julia died in 1993 with no natural children but claimed six "by theft and circumstance."

Early career
Davis's father had been a delegate to the Wheeling Convention, which had created the state of West Virginia, but he had also opposed the abolitionists and Radical Republicans, and opposed ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment. Davis acquired much of his father's southern Democratic politics, opposing women's suffrage, Federal child-labor laws and anti-lynching legislation, and Harry S. Truman's civil rights program. He defended states' rights to establish the poll tax by questioning whether uneducated non-taxpayers should be allowed to vote. Davis was as much opposed to centralism in politics as he was to the concentration of capital by large corporations, supporting a number of early progressive laws regulating interstate commerce and limiting the power of corporations. Consequently, he felt distinctly out of place in the Republican Party, which supported free association and free markets, and maintained his father's staunch allegiance to the Democratic Party, even as he later represented the interests of business opposed to the New Deal. Davis ranked as one of the last Jeffersonians, as he supported states' rights and opposed a strong executive (he would be the lead attorney against Truman's nationalization of the steel industry).

In 1898, Davis was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates, ending a 20-year Republican hold on the seat. Even though Davis had argued in behalf of some railroad companies during his legal career, he was elected by denouncing them, as his opponent had made enemies by supporting railroad interests. He was touted for speaker, but ended up becoming the Democratic floor leader. He became well known in the legislature, as few, if any, in the body could match his legal abilities.

After his one term in the legislature, Davis became the Harrison County party chairman for 12 years. He was also a delegate to the 1904 Democratic National Convention and voted for the more conservative candidate, Alton B. Parker. The populism of William Jennings Bryan never appealed to him, and he was pleased to see the Democrats moving in Parker's direction.

He represented West Virginia in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1911 to 1913, where he was one of the authors of the Clayton Antitrust Act. Davis also served as one of the impeachment managers in the successful impeachment trial of Judge Robert W. Archbald. He served as U.S. Solicitor General from 1913 to 1918. As Solicitor General, he successfully argued in Guinn v. United States for the unconstitutionality of the grandfather clause in Oklahoma's constitution. It exempted residents descended from a voter registered in 1866 (i.e. whites) from a literacy test that effectively disenfranchised blacks. Davis's personal posture differed from his position as an advocate. Throughout his career, he could separate his personal views and professional advocacy.

Davis served as President Wilson's ambassador to Great Britain from 1918 to 1921. He reflected deep Southern support for Wilsonianism, based on a reborn Southern patriotism, a distrust of the Republican Party, and a resurgence of Anglophilism. Davis proselytized in London for the League of Nations based on his paternalistic belief that peace depended primarily on Anglo-American friendship and leadership. He was disappointed by Wilson's mismanagement of the treaty ratification and by Republican isolationism and distrust of the League. In his diaries Davis kept records of various developments in British politics at that time, such as social reform proposals and enactments such as unemployment insurance, profit-sharing, a minimum wage law, and an eight-hour law. Davis's diary also noted how prime minister David Lloyd George stated “that not only was his programme liberal but so liberal that his programme shocked an American Democrat.”

Davis was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1924.

Presidential candidate
Davis was a dark horse candidate for the Democratic nomination for president in both 1920 and 1924. His friend and partner Frank Polk managed his campaign at the 1924 Democratic National Convention. He won the nomination in 1924 as a compromise candidate on the 103rd ballot, after intense infighting between supporters of candidates former Secretary of Treasury William Gibbs McAdoo and New York Governor Al Smith, Davis was selected to appease both sides. Although Tennessee's Andrew Johnson served as president after Lincoln was assassinated, Davis's nomination made him the first presidential candidate from a former slave state since the Civil War, and as of 2024 he remains the only ever nominee from West Virginia. Davis's denunciation of the Ku Klux Klan and prior defense of black voting rights as solicitor general cost him votes in the South and among conservative Democrats elsewhere. He lost in a landslide to Calvin Coolidge, who did not leave the White House to campaign. Davis's 28.8 percent remains the smallest percentage of the popular vote ever won by a Democratic presidential nominee. Nonetheless, he won every state of the former Confederacy and Oklahoma.

Later political involvement
Davis was a member of the National Advisory Council of the Crusaders, an influential organization that promoted the repeal of Prohibition. He was the founding president of the Council on Foreign Relations, formed in 1921, chairman of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1922 to 1939. Davis also served as a delegate from New York to the 1928 and 1932 Democratic National Conventions.

In the 1932 presidential election Davis campaigned in behalf of Franklin D. Roosevelt, but never developed a close relationship with him. After Roosevelt took office, Davis quickly turned against the New Deal and joined with Al Smith and other anti-New Deal Democrats in forming the American Liberty League. He supported the Republican presidential candidate in the 1936, 1940, and 1944 elections.

Davis was implicated by retired Marine Corps Major General Smedley Butler in the Business Plot, an alleged political conspiracy in 1933 to overthrow Roosevelt, in testimony before the McCormack-Dickstein Committee, whose deliberations began on November 20, 1934, and culminated in the Committee's report to the U.S. House of Representatives on February 15, 1935. Davis was not called to testify because "The committee will not take cognizance of names brought into the testimony which constitute mere hearsay."

In 1949 Davis, as a member of the board of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, testified as a character witness for Alger Hiss (Carnegie's president) during his trials (part of the Hiss-Chambers Case): "In the twilight of his career, following the end of World War II, Davis publicly supported Alger Hiss and J. Robert Oppenheimer during the hysteria of the McCarthy hearings" (more accurately, the "McCarthy Era" as the Hiss Case (1948–1950) preceded McCarthyism in the 1950s).

Legal career
Davis was one of the most prominent and successful lawyers of the first half of the 20th century, arguing 140 cases before the U.S. Supreme Court. His firm, variously titled Stetson Jennings Russell & Davis, then Davis Polk Wardwell Gardiner & Reed, then Davis Polk Wardwell Sunderland & Kiendl (now Davis Polk & Wardwell), represented many of the largest companies in the United States in the 1920s and following decades. From 1931 to 1933, Davis also served as president of the New York City Bar Association.

In 1933, Davis served as legal counsel for the financier J.P. Morgan, Jr. and his companies during the Senate investigation into private banking and the causes of the recent Great Depression.

The last twenty years of Davis's practice included representing large corporations before the Supreme Court challenging the constitutionality and application of New Deal legislation. Davis lost many of these battles.

Appearances before the U.S. Supreme Court
Of the 140 cases Davis argued before the Supreme Court, 73 were as Solicitor General, and 67 as a private lawyer. Lawrence Wallace, who retired from the Office of the Solicitor General in 2003, argued 157 cases during his career but many believe that few attorneys have argued more cases than Davis. Daniel Webster and Walter Jones are believed to have argued more cases than Davis, but they were lawyers of a much earlier era.

Youngstown Steel case
One of Davis's most influential arguments before the Supreme Court was in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer in May 1952, when the Court ruled on President Truman's seizure of the nation's steel plants.

While Davis wasn't brought into the case until March 1952, he was already familiar with the concept of a presidential seizure of a steel mill. In 1949, the Republic Steel Company, fearful of advice given to Truman by Attorney General Tom C. Clark, asked Davis for an opinion letter on whether the President could seize private industry in a "National Emergency." Davis wrote that the President could not do so, unless such power already was vested in the President by law. He further went on to opine on the Selective Service Act of 1948's intent, and that seizures were only authorized if a company did not sufficiently prioritize government production in a time of crisis.

Arguing for the steel industry, Davis spoke for 87 minutes before the Court. He described Truman's acts as a usurpation' of power, that were 'without parallel in American history. The justices allowed him to proceed uninterrupted, with only one question from Justice Felix Frankfurter, who may have had a personal feeling against Davis relating to his 1924 presidential campaign. It had been predicted that the President's actions would be upheld, and the injunction would be lifted, but the Court decided 6–3 to uphold the injunction stopping the seizure of the steel mills.

Washington Post writer Chalmers Roberts subsequently wrote that rarely "has a courtroom sat in such silent admiration for a lawyer at the bar" in reference to Davis's oral argument. Unfortunately, Davis did not allow the oral argument to be printed because the stenographic transcript was so garbled he feared it would not be close to what was said at the Court.

Of particular note in this case is that one of the justices in the majority was Tom Clark, who as attorney general in 1949 had advised Truman to proceed with the seizure of Republic Steel. Yet, in 1952, Justice Clark voted with the majority without joining Justice Hugo Black's opinion, in direct opposition to his previous advice.

Brown v. Board of Education
Davis's legal career is most remembered for his final appearance before the Supreme Court, in which he unsuccessfully defended the "separate but equal" doctrine in Briggs v. Elliott, a companion case to Brown v. Board of Education. Davis, as a defender of racial segregation and state control of education, uncharacteristically displayed his emotions in arguing that South Carolina had shown good faith in attempting to eliminate any inequality between black and white schools and should be allowed to continue to do so without judicial intervention. He expected to win, most likely through a divided Supreme Court, even after the matter was re-argued after the death of Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson. After the Supreme Court unanimously ruled against his client's position, he returned the $25,000 (equivalent to $0 in ), that he had received from South Carolina, although he was not required to do so, but kept a silver tea service that had been presented to him. It has also been reported that he never charged South Carolina in the first place. He declined to participate further in the case, as he did not wish to be involved in the drafting of decrees to implement the Court's decision.

Death and legacy
Davis was a member of the American Bar Association, the Council on Foreign Relations, the Freemasons, Phi Beta Kappa, and Phi Kappa Psi. He was a resident of Nassau County, New York, and practiced law in New York City until his death in Charleston, South Carolina, at the age of 81. He is interred at Locust Valley Cemetery in Locust Valley, New York.

The John W. Davis Federal Building on West Pike Street in Clarksburg, West Virginia, is named for him. The building housing the Student Health Center at Washington and Lee University is named for him, as is the Law School's appellate advocacy program, and an award for the graduating student with the highest grade point average.

In the 1991 television film Separate But Equal, a dramatization of the Brown case, Davis was portrayed by the famed actor Burt Lancaster in his final film role.

Electoral history
West Virginia's 1st congressional district, 1910:
 * John W. Davis (D) – 20,370 (48.9%)
 * Charles E. Carrigan (R) – 16,962 (40.7%)
 * A.L. Bauer (Socialist) – 3,239 (7.8%)
 * Ulysses A. Clayton (Prohibition) – 1,099 (2.6%)

West Virginia's 1st congressional district, 1912:
 * John W. Davis (D) (inc.) – 24,777 (45.0%)
 * George A. Laughlin (R) – 24,613 (44.7%)
 * D.M.S. Scott (Socialist) – 4,230 (7.7%)
 * L.E. Peters (Prohibition) – 1,482 (2.7%)

1924 Democratic presidential primaries
 * William McAdoo – 562,601 (56.1%)
 * Oscar W. Underwood – 77,583 (7.7%)
 * James M. Cox – 74,183 (7.4%)
 * Unpledged – 59,217 (5.9%)
 * Henry Ford – 49,737 (5.0%)
 * Thomas J. Walsh – 43,108 (4.3%)
 * Woodbridge N. Ferris – 42,028 (4.2%)
 * George Silzer – 35,601 (3.6%)
 * Al Smith – 16,459 (1.6%)
 * L.B. Musgrove – 12,110 (1.2%)
 * William Dever – 1,574 (0.2%)
 * James A. Reed – 84 (0.0%)
 * John W. Davis – 21 (0.0%)

1924 United States presidential election
 * Calvin Coolidge/Charles G. Dawes (R) – 15,723,789 (54.0%) and 382 electoral votes (35 states carried)
 * John W. Davis/Charles W. Bryan (D) – 8,386,242 (28.8%) and 136 electoral votes (12 states carried)
 * Robert M. La Follette, Sr./Burton K. Wheeler (Progressive) – 4,831,706 (16.6%) and 13 electoral votes (1 state carried)

title: John W. Davis


text:
Talk:Anne Dudley

Biography assessment rating comment
WikiProject Biography Assessment

The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Yamara 19:35, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Discussion
Is this someone's resume? RickK 23:34 5 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Oddly BillBell wrote a decent article and then decided to replace it with this resume. A resume that does not even mention her academey award in 1998. SimonP 14:00 6 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I admit, it looked like a resume to me as I was writing it. AAMOF, I changed one of the headings to "Professional activities", from "Profession experience", because the resemblance was too strong even for my taste. Quite unfortunately, Dudley seems to exist on the web only as the collection of her results as a musician. However, I like some of her work very much and I had hoped to come back to this article when I feel more inspired. BillBell 14:56 6 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Why not put back the paragraphs you originally wrote, they seemed more encyclopedic. SimonP 15:36 6 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I didn't write them. BillBell 21:15 6 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I have put back the text version. Sorry, BillBell. You clearly did good work but we have to use a text version but feel free to rewrite. FearÉIREANN 02:23 14 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Yes, this is still so dense that I can hardly make heads or tails of it. And it is in sore need of an update.Pinikadia 17:12, 31 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Even today the article is more of a PR CV than an encyclopedia article. I'm a great fan of AD's work over the years, but where is the info about her family background and her education? What about (the public aspects of) her private life? A very poor article. --Ef80 (talk) 20:59, 27 April 2016 (UTC)

Birthname and birthplace
Someone from London has twice now changed Anne's birthname and birthplace without explanation. I've changed them back to refer to Anne's own contribution, in her own words, to the 1986 fanzine Noisespeak. Any changes of this biographical info will need to be justified with another cited, published source. Hopefully the person doing it will come here and explain why they feel the info in the article & fanzine is incorrect. mjb (talk) 17:33, 5 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes why is her name listed as Valentino, when her married and professional name is Dudley, and her maiden name Beckingham?! Gymnophoria (talk) 00:52, 16 March 2015 (UTC)

 * What I think should be changed (include citations):

Change of birthplace from Beckenham to Chatham

 * Why it should be changed:

Correct information

 * References supporting the possible change (format using the "cite" button):

Personal source

Shorttalk (talk) 12:56, 16 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made.  Lightoil (talk) 03:20, 17 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anne Dudley