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Talk:Margarine

"Butter lobby" influence
I edited this article to try to sound neutral, but to no avail. I think we should scrap the article and just rewrite it.Draconius14 (talk) 16:23, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

This article contains several references to the "butter lobby" and how they apparenty have curtailed sales of margarine by getting regulators to ban artificial coloring and demand special markings etc. In fact this is common throughout the food industry as a measure against customers being misled. Coloring an ersatz product to deceive consumers to mistake it for the original product is illegal in many countries (and the center of a debate between Norway and the EU).

Since margarine raw materials cost only a few percent of what is needed for butter but the cost to the consumer is about equal, the profit margins are naturally much higher. This means large resellers can negotiate large discounts, which again leads to higher profits for producers of ready-packaged foods (sandwiches etc) when they can substitute margarine for butter without the customer's notice. As the supposed health benefits are at best debatable, it is obvious that cutting costs and increasing profits are the main motives for the trend towards increased use of margarine. I have therefore marked this article as biased. Geira (talk) 15:46, 11 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Where do you get the idea the cost to the consumer is about equal? At my grocery store here in Germany, margarine costs about one-fourth as much per 100 g as butter does (the cheapest 500 g tub of margarine costs half as much as the cheapest 250 g block of butter). 62.145.19.66 (talk) 06:15, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The article is not biased, but your comment sure is, Geira. Coloring is not misleading. Practically all food is colored. Margarine is about the only one where coloring is banned, due to the pressure from butter lobbyist. Margarine is not an ersatz product, it is just another food product. Butter is not "original product".
 * Margarine raw material cost perhaps 50% of butter's. But since the price of margarine in shops is typically 50% of the price of butter, there is no higher profit margin. In many countries, the price of margarine has been artifically increased with high taxes in order to increase the sales of butter, which is another example of butter lobby. Your claim that health benefits of margarine are "debatable" is total BS. The healt benefits of margarine have been undeniably proven by dozens of studies.
 * There are some biased statements in the article. Most notably, the chapter about trans fat. It reflects the hysteria around trans fats in the USA, which is obviously result of the propaganda by butter lobbyist. That chapter needs to be fixed, but otherwise, the "biased" tag is out of place and must be removed. --PauliKL (talk) 19:32, 15 May 2008 (UTC)
 * The dangers of trans fats are real, not "hysteria in the USA" and not the result of propaganda by the butter lobby. Butter and normal margarine are about equally (un)healthy. There are trans-fat-free and cholesterol-reducing margarines, which are better for you but way, way, more expensive than regular margarine. 62.145.19.66 (talk) 05:34, 16 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Wrong. There is definitely trans fats hysteria in USA and maybe in some other countries. And it is clearly caused by the misleading propaganda by the butter lobby. There are no "dangers" in in trans fats. What studies show is that trans fats increase the amount of LDL cholesterol and decrease the amount of HDL cholesterol, which causes increased risk for coronary heart disease. However, the unsaturated fatty acids in margarine decrease LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol. Even in those times when margarines did contain trans fats, the unsaturated fatty acids more than canceled the effect and the total effect was benefical for health. But nowadays, most margarines (at least in Europe) contain no trans fats. Butter and margarine are not equally (un)healthy. Several large studies show that replacing butter with vegetable based margarine significantly reduces cholesterol levels. Margarines that contain plant sterol/stanol esters are of course more effective. And more expensive, but still cheaper than butter. --PauliKL (talk) 16:07, 17 May 2008 (UTC)
 * "There are no 'dangers' in in trans fats. What studies show is that trans fats increase the amount of LDL cholesterol and decrease the amount of HDL cholesterol, which causes increased risk for coronary heart disease." And why isn't that dangerous? It sounds to me like avoiding them is sensible, not "hysterical", in any country. As for "Even in those times when margarines did contain trans fats, the unsaturated fatty acids more than canceled the effect and the total effect was benefical for health. But nowadays, most margarines (at least in Europe) contain no trans fats", I'm going to have ask for sources for both those astonishing claims before I'm prepared to believe them. The cheap margarine available here in Germany is chock-full of trans fats. And the plant-sterol-containing, cholesterol-reducing margarine I buy is significantly more expensive than butter. I can get butter for about €0.75 for a 250 g block, while the margarine is well over €5.00 for a 500 g tub. —Angr 17:12, 17 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I already explained that the unsaturated fats in margarine more than compensate the effect to LDL and HDL cholesterol caused by trans fats. I just added a chapter about unsaturated fats with citations about the fact. I am going to have to ask for sources for you astonishing claim that cheap margarine "is chock-full of trans fats". Hydrogenating unsaturated fat to saturated fat cost's no more than hydrogenating to trans fat, so there is no reason to believe that cheap margarine would contain trans fats. Here in Finland it is very difficult, if not impossible to find margarine that contains trans fats. A 400 gram tub of butter costs around 3.00, and 400 g tub of of most popular margarines around €1.90, cheapest margarines around €1.10. All of the margarines contain high amount of unsaturated fats, low amount of saturated fat and no trans fats, so they offer the undeniable health benefits compared to butter. Thus both of the claims "cost of butter and margarine to consumer is about equal" and "butter and normal margarine are about equally (un)healthy" are clearly wrong. The price difference of butter and margarine depends on how much additional taxes have been put to increase price of margarine, and how much subsidies have been paid to butter producers to reduce the price of butter. But those do not increase the profit margin of margarine, and thus the claim "increasing profits are the main motives for the trend toward increased use of margarine" is clearly wrong. So let's face it, the "biased" tag in the article is totally unjustified and the only reason to put it here is the butter lobby. --PauliKL (talk) 17:59, 18 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Frankly, you sound like you're here representing the margarine lobby. You already claimed that the unsaturated fats in margarine "more than compensate" for the trans fats, but I can't find any evidence for that in the sources you added today. It looks like I was wrong about trans fats in German margarine, but since butter doesn't have any either, I'm still not seeing why ordinary margarine should be significantly healthier than butter. It sounds like butter is significantly more expensive in Finland than Germany, and margarine slightly more expensive. But a 500 g tub of sterol-containing margarine in Germany costs as much as 400 g of butter plus 400 g of ordinary margarine in Finland, so I suspect the sterol margarine will be correspondingly expensive in Finland. As for the tag, I agree it's unnecessary. Mentioning the historical fact that both butter and margarine have had lobbyists who have tried to promote their product and downplay the competition hardly makes the article biased. (Has it never occurred to the dairy companies that they could make margarine in addition to butter and thus make money regardless of which product is currently popular?) On the other hand, claiming that the butter lobby itself is responsible for the "NPOV" tag on the article is ridiculous. —Angr 20:44, 18 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I'd support the claim that this article is biased, however, I don't think it's entirely due to the facts involved - the language (particularly the section "Margarine in the United States") reads like the noble struggle of the misunderstood margarine manufacturers (and margarine lovers) against the evil butter lobby. I actually assumed that the article was written by someone working for a margarine manufacturer.  Also, can someone please add a scientific explanation to the article of how margarine can be solid at room temperature if it's primarily unsaturated fats (which are not solid at room temperature), because I am somewhat suspicious of this claim  93.97.89.119 (talk) 17:10, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
 * My reply to the first comment. I don't really think it is about the butter lobby but really just lack of consumer education.  My question is about the story of processed cheese coming out and the butter-lobby pushed to have it called embalmed cheese or something?  I am trying to put some links together because I originally searched Smart_Balance to see if it is healthy or not, but wikipedia is as clueless as I am, so I'm trying to get some expert links from doctor websites such as webMD but if anybody already knows the story I'm talking about, please send me a pm or write it down here at the references section, and I will cite the footnote.  Thanks, Alfred F.
 * The "nutrition" section is ambiguous and somewhat irrelevant, especially, it does not distinguish between margarine and butter. Moreover, the nutrition section is misleading in that it makes the two sound one of the same and it is my opinion the whole section should be removed until accurate information pertaining to margarine can be obtained.

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.70.210.143 (talk) 18:03, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

Clearly biased
Wow, so defensive this article is! Entry should be: "Margarine isn't so bad and here's why" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.167.129.36 (talk) 04:49, 16 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Its the power of the few vs the apathy of the many. Just do a page-edit of the article, and set it back to an earlier revision, until we get things sorted out.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.70.210.143 (talk) 18:05, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

Margarine or not Margarine?
I saw a program last night on TV (QI, in the UK on the BBC) in which Stephen Fry said that technically Margerine cannot be bought in the UK anymore and what is called Margerine simply isn't. Apparantly Margerine is a specific term and it's banned in most countries.... but I can't find any references for this. Did anyone else see/hear this? Is there any evidence or verifiably references for this? 86.142.66.249 (talk) 10:42, 8 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Additional - QI Talk Forum (not viable reference) 86.142.66.249 (talk) 10:45, 8 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Additional (Debate starts here) - QI Talk Forum 86.142.66.249 (talk) 10:47, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

The point is that in the UK and EU margarine (like butter) must be at least 80% fat. Almost all such yellow spreads are between 35-75% fat and so cannot use the word "margarine" (those below 41% can call themselves "low-fat spread" and those below 62% "reduced-fat" even though they have higher fat content than most other foods). It is not banned and the QI forum came up with as a rare example of its continued use (though note the German "Biologische" on the packaging).--164.36.38.240 (talk) 12:03, 30 September 2009 (UTC)

I shouldn't pay too close attention to programmes such as QI. As a rule of thumb they are very poorly researched and make many untrue or misleading assertions. Mtaylor848 (talk) 19:33, 7 December 2010 (UTC)

The QI program did not say margarine was illegal. They said that because no spreads sold in the UK have enough fat content to qualify as "margarine" (80-90%) no spreads can therefore be legally called "margarine" and so are "low-fat spreads". The thrust of the question in the program was how much margarine is sold in the UK and the answer was: none - because it would be illegal to name them as such. 77.101.229.144 (talk) 20:51, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

Hi, In Australia it is illegal to call anything margarine that does not have a minimum high fat content, which is why except for cooking margarine they are all labeled spreads. Secondly, they are all and i mean all, canola based, this can be see in the labeling, clever labeling avoids using the word canola as it is GMO Rape seed, yes all margarine contains GMO, verifiable by checking the origin of Canola and invented plant and the labels that will say canola or where is says vegetable oil, will note having monounsaturated fats, which are only olive, avocado or canola they are the only 3 in the world, and of course no one could afford avocado oil, and certainly not olive oil in cheap spreads, so we know it is Margarine, now labels s[reads is entirely and always they greater percentage as Canola, so it should all be labeled that which it contains a majority - "GMO Obesity Spread" that slows your metabolism (all monounsaturated do this) the world cause of obesity as it is in everything not just margarine start checking labels, if you are even slightly overweight then a slow metabolism is the last thing you need, they can't even deny it, canola first used the slow metabolism in its marketing, saying it "help the body absorb more nutrients" and to this day the even the heart foundation use the term "controls your metabolism"

Published refs: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7042878

49.181.141.147 (talk) 23:53, 20 April 2016 (UTC) A C Quinn

World War II
I have read that, in addition to World War I, World War II led to increased use of margarine. The influence of major rationing on the use and sale of margarine is considerable and I think it calls for a section on the World Wars' effect on the market and development of margarine/butter substitutes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 162.84.38.84 (talk) 04:55, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

Is margarine Vegetarian?
Could someone clarify please. Kpmiyapuram (talk) 08:15, 16 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Most (nearly all) margarines these days are vegetable based. However, some margarines contain small amounts of milk. If this is a problem, check the label if the product contains lactose. If not, it is probably 100% vegetarian. In addition, some (expensive) special margarines may contain fish oil (to add more omega-3). If you want to be 100% sure, check if the product has kosher certification as pareve. There may be a kosher symbol printed on the box, but that is not used in all countries. --PauliKL (talk) 20:21, 12 November 2009 (UTC)

Small amounts of milk - that is, if the milk is derived from animals, such as cow's milk  - would mean that margarine is acceptable for vegetarians but not for vegans. ACEOREVIVED (talk) 15:28, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

Is Margarine in any way closely related to plastic
Almost any search of margarine on Google leads to results that range from affirming to speculating its ties to plastic. What is the relationship if any? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.200.251.101 (talk) 19:59, 12 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Exactly the same as the relationship between butter and plastic.
 * I guess you are referring to the chain letter hoax that contained several ridiculous claims about margarine. One of the claims was that "margarine is but one molecule away from being plastic". In a way, this is true, just as much true as the argument butter is but one molecule away from being plastic. That is, if you take one molecule of butter, replace it with one molecule of plastic, what you get is one molecule of plastic. The fact that this hoax has spread so widely is just another proof of how powerful the butter lobby is.
 * I can guess where the butter lobby got the idea for that hoax. Both margarine and butter are semi-solid. This state can also be described as "plastic", i.e. "capable of being molded or modeled" (according to Webster dictionary). --PauliKL (talk) 20:59, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

It's because it's derived from vegetable oil, like how industrial plastic is made from crude oil. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 159.2.193.20 (talk) 12:56, 30 December 2019 (UTC)

Informal/story tag
This tag does not appear relevant: "This article or section is written in an informal style and with a personally invested tone. It reads more like a story than an encyclopedia entry." I could not find anything in the article that sounds too informal or un-encyclopedic. The controversy between the "butter lobby" and "margarine lobby" is balanced now. If anything, the article just needs some organization: it jumps from "What is margarine?" to a lot of legal restrictions without warning, and before explaining the non-animal fat, non trans-fat developments. So I would delete the tag, but I'm leaving it in case others have objections. Sluggoster (talk) 11:08, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

How is it made?
I came to this article looking for some information about how margarine is made and find it rather odd that there is no such information given. I believe there should be more than a link to hydrogenation; I feel the article would benefit from discussion of the actual steps taken to turn oils into margarine. As it stands the article is incredibly vague on the manufacture front. Jack of Many (talk) 15:11, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

 * I had the same problem so I've googled it an added a section on Manufacture. Richerman (talk) 17:16, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Nice work, Richerman. You wrote "This was originally achieved by passing hydrogen through the oil in the presence of a nickel catalyst," - does that suggest it is done differently now or is that still the case? My apologies for not wading in and helping out with this edit, I've got far too much work to do (though apparently not too much to have check back, see your edits and comment on them). That reminds me actually, I really should go back to a major edit I was working on elsewhere when I have the time. Jack of Many (talk) 10:03, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

 * No, that's the way it's done today and I'm assuming it was alway done that way, so I'll change it to make that clearer. If that's not the case perhaps someone with more knowledge could correct it. Richerman (talk) 12:21, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

Please note that hydrogenation does NOT bind molecules together, as the article states. Instead, it "saturates" some or all of the double bonds, by adding a hydrogen molecule across them. This hardens the fats by decreasing the number of double bonds and increasing the melting point. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.154.198.138 (talk) 20:30, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

'One pound' rule
This article states that "The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act still prohibits the retail sale (in places like grocery stores) of margarine in packages larger than one pound," and it provides a reference to a law enacted in 1950, but this doesn't appear to be an enforced law. I checked at my local Safeway in Seattle, Washington. "I Can't Believe It's Not Butter" and "Smart Balance" were two brands being sold in 45-ounce containers. Every other brand of spread violated the "must state 'oleomargarine' or 'margarine' in the biggest type used on the container" rule. Since there are a lot of old, unenforced laws on the books, I'm not sure this one is even worth mentioning. 67.100.222.184 (talk) 04:21, 16 February 2010 (UTC)
 * It's interesting from a historical point of view so I think there should be something to say what the restrictions were, although perhaps not in that form. Richerman (talk) 14:04, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

Long hand writing
Can someone change these to longhand '(4.5×109 kg)'. I would have understood that when I was still at technical college but now that means nothing to me. Generally I think we should avoid the use of such jargon and write things longhand to avoid arising any confusuion. Interestingly enough the imperial weight is written in longhand. Mtaylor848 (talk) 19:31, 7 December 2010 (UTC)

Black margarine misconception.
I have heard this misconception numerous times: that margarine is black when it starts and is then heavily dyed to become white/yellow. This, of course, is a misconception. The starting material for margarine are seeds; the oils of these seeds are collected through the crushing of the seeds, which are, of course, black. The shells are then removed and the oils that remain are what are used to make the margarine and they are not black at all. Margarine CAN be dyed yellow as a marketing plow to compete with butter, but margarine is naturally whitish-yellow and is never actually black.

It was a statement included in the same fear-mongering e-mail letter that "asserts" that margarine is one molecule away from being plastic, as discussed above in this page. A copy of this e-mail can be read here: http://forum.lowcarber.org/archive/index.php/t-229816.html, and is discussed here: http://www.hoaxbusters.org/faq.html and here: http://streetcanvas.blogspot.com/2008/01/whole-margarine-is-black-before-its.html?zx=c8bb54d59f16485f.

A simple search on Google will indicate the prevalence of the misconception: http://www.google.com.au/search?q=black+margarine&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a.

And the fact is debunked easily by the manufacturing process clearly presented in this article, and a compilation of misconceptions along with their debunking can be found here: http://www.spreadthefacts.com.au/all-about-margarine/margarine-misconceptions.html#q3, and is repeated here: http://www.femail.com.au/the-urban-myths-of-margarine.htm.

The fact that margarine is, in fact, naturally yellowish was known even back in 1944, published in an issue of The Rotarian, found here courtesy of Google Books: http://books.google.com.au/books?id=jEMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA34&lpg=PA34&dq=margarine+manufacture+black&source=bl&ots=xowIV0ETKT&sig=lOMj8pi8e9ql0sNL6Vtkb8ZY9ws&hl=en&ei=GSjGTf-vB4SavgPTqZ2wAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=margarine%20manufacture%20black&f=false. It is also discussed in an episode of QI, dealing with "Fakes and Frauds" and "General Ignorance", transcribed here: http://www.comedy.co.uk/guide/tv/qi/episodes/6/6/

As a final nail in the coffin, here is a step-by-step guide on the manufacture of margarine where step 3 clearly states that the crude oil is a dark golden color: http://www.cip.ukcentre.com/marg1.htm. It mentions bleaching in the next step, but as seen in the Food Industries Manual that this article already refers to in the Manufacture section, this is a necessary step in refining crude oil so that it is usable: http://books.google.com/books?id=iG3wx9Wh5N4C&pg=PA286&lpg=PA286&dq=margarine+-+nickel+catalyst&q=margarine+-+nickel+catalyst&hl=en#v=snippet&q=margarine%20-%20nickel%20catalyst&f=false. Even then, it is pretty clear that dark yellow is most certainly not a synonym for black despite the bleaching.

I am trying to include this misconception, along with the plastic one, in the List of common misconceptions article, which has a criteria that a misconception must first be mentioned in the original article.

So I believe I have provided enough sources to show that is indeed a common misconception and one that is, in fact, a misconception. So hopefully we can include this in the article and then I can include it in the Misconceptions article, thus making everyone a bit better informed! Sage of Ice (talk) 07:26, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

I can't believe it's not butter!
Read this excer[t from the article:

Canadian standard B.09.016 states that margarine shall be:

 * A plastic or fluid emulsion of fat, or water in fat, oil, or fat and oil that are not derived from milk and shall contain not less than 80% fat and not less than 3300 IU of vitamin A and 530 IU of vitamin D.[46]

Calorie reduced margarine is specified in standard B.09.017 as:

 * Containing not less than 40% fat and having 50% of the calories normally present in margarine.[46]

Margarine products are not allowed to contain the word "butter" anywhere on the packaging.[citation needed] Canadian grocers therefore do not carry any margarine products that have the word "Butter" or its derivatives in the name.[

Yet it also says that the "I can't believe it's not butter" brand has been available in canada since just a few years after being introduced in the us, at the sime time as the UK.

WTF?!? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.98.250.155 (talk) 23:37, 29 September 2011 (UTC)

Precentages of water used in margarine.
According to the article most margarine has 20% water, yet in the stores today, the margarine in stick form is up to around 47% water and tubs the same amount. This has happened over the past few years and no one has commented on this change. Septagram (talk) 03:55, 26 December 2011 (UTC)

 * I noticed in the article that it talks about some spreads being half the calories of butter. Is this a round about way of saying that spreads are half water thus are half the calories or are the oils used that much lower in calories? If this is the case, would it be better to come right out and say so in the article?Septagram (talk) 21:28, 20 April 2012 (UTC)

 * More disturbing is that MEAT has undergone the same silent adulteration. When you buy a pound of meat these days, you are buying 1/4 to 1/2 pound of water and 1/2 to 3/4 pounds of meat. BTW, Soylent Green is PEOPLE! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.215.115.31 (talk) 00:25, 2 March 2012 (UTC)

 * In the UK, margarine has to be 80% fat, as does ordinary butter. This is so rare for any plant-oil based spreads that very few spreads are sold labelled as margarine.  So-called "lower fat spreads" are common, and water makes up most of the difference.  --86.178.140.126 (talk) 22:57, 18 March 2012 (UTC)

Coloring -- this is true
I am not sure why this was removed, but a recent addition included some information about ye olde tyme oleomargarine, which had to be sold sans coloring. The color pack was an optional addition available to the consumer. This paragraph is therefore correct, so I have included here for potential improvement and re-insertion into the article: [I struck some extraneous trivia.]

 * During WWII in the U.S., there was a shortage of butter and "oleomargine" became popular. The dairy firms, especially in Wisconsin, became alarmed and succeeded in getting legislation passed to prohibit the coloring of the stark white product. In response, the margarine companies distributed the margarine together with a packet of yellow dye. The product was placed in a bowl and the dye mixed in with a spoon. This took some time and effort and it was not unusual for the final product to be served as a light and dark yellow, or even white, striped product. In 1951, the W. E. Dennison Company received patent number 2,553,513 for a method to place a capsule of yellow dye inside a plastic package of margarine. After purchase, the capsule was broken inside the package and then the package was kneeded to distribute the dye. Although this was considerably less effort than mixing with a spoon in a bowl, it was a job usually given to the children of the household, who enjoyed it immensely. Around 1955 the artificial coloring laws were repealed and margarine could for the first time be sold colored like butter.

I think you are all missing the point. The point is, IT HAPPENED, as anyone over 70 knows. What actually happened may be favorable or unfavorable to the margarine industry, but it cannot possibly be biased. Since I originally inserted the deleted material, I am putting it back. Tbonge (talk) 02:58, 3 February 2015 (UTC)

 * The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is that the information is verifiable - see WP:VERIFIABILITY. To quote from that policy "Even if you're sure something is true, it must be verifiable before you can add it". If you can find a reliable source it can be added, if not it is liable to be deleted. Richerman    (talk) 10:14, 3 February 2015 (UTC)

 * "If you can find a reliable source it can be added," - that's not the precise wording. It can be added even if *you* can't find a source. It simply must be "verifiable" - that means someone needs to be able to verify it. This is the type of claim that can be verified by anyone with Google and a keyboard to type "margarine dye" into it. When it's something as plainly true as this, sourcing this isn't at the top of the list of ways to improve the article. The real Wikicrime here is that someone deleted it without taking the 8 seconds to Google the claim. From WP:CHALLENGE: "If you think the material is verifiable, you are encouraged to provide an inline citation yourself before considering whether to remove or tag it." In my opinion, anyone who thinks a claim is unverifiable when it was experienced by masses of people in the last century is an idiot.

 * That said, it's apparently becoming more likely that this claim will be challenged (by idiots). It is indeed the contributor's responsibility to cite the claim; again when it's likely to be challenged. That appears to be you, Tbonge. Here's a great chance to brush up on your citation skills. From the edit area toolbar: Cite > Templates > cite web, cite news, etc. Here are two reputable news sources for you too, "cite web" for this one: "cite news" here:  Add these and this subject can be put to bed. If you can't manage that, your contributions are likely to go to waste.

 * On a related note, I never knew about the separate dye until reading this article, so thanks very much for adding it. sudo  people  18:09, 3 February 2015 (UTC)

 * I don't know why you're having a go at me - I didn't remove the information (which is something you could have found out in a few seconds by checking the article history) and I wouldn't have done so without trying to find a citation for it myself. I was merely trying to explain to the user the reason why it would have been removed - which was nothing to do with it being "favorable or unfavorable to the margarine industry". Having had your little rant you then told the user that their contributions were likely to go to waste if they didn't cite them - which is exactly what I had already said - so who's the idiot now? Richerman    (talk) 09:15, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

 * As you said, I agree with you (except for a small detail.) Maybe give what I wrote a re-read and point out the parts you think are directed toward you. Your imagined rebuttal was quite entertaining to read though. To answer your final question...well, let's let the Internet decide. sudo  people  22:15, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

 * OK, if you say the idiots comment wasn't directed at me I'll accept that, but it's very easy to read it that way. Still, I'm glad you were entertained :-) Richerman    (talk) 22:54, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

Margarine in your Potato
I put a block of margarine in my potato, put in the microwave: BIG MISTAKE! potato was covered in plastic substance eew D: — Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.116.140.246 (talk) 23:23, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

The starch in the potato is plastic too. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 159.2.193.20 (talk) 13:01, 30 December 2019 (UTC)

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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080706021024/http://www.csuchico.edu/agr/grassfedbeef/health-benefits/index.html to http://www.csuchico.edu/agr/grassfedbeef/health-benefits/index.html

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To add to article
Information to add to the article: was the margarine produced from vegetable oils in the late 19th century made from hydrogenated oils? If it was not, how was it made solid? 76.189.141.37 (talk) 19:17, 10 February 2018 (UTC)

Possible removal from list
An entry in List of colors: G–M contained a link to this page.

The entry is :

 * Margarine

I don't see any evidence that this color is discussed in this article and plan to delete it from the list per this discussion: Talk:List_of_colors

If someone decides that this color should have a section in this article and it is added, I would appreciate a ping.-- S Philbrick (Talk)  23:58, 24 August 2018 (UTC)

Oleum means oil
Oleum in Latin simply means oil, and in fact olive oil is implied rather than the beef fat stated by the article. Spinkham (talk) 13:42, 3 October 2018 (UTC)

Proposal to update article
Hi there!

On behalf of Upfield, I’ve been working on a suggestion for a well-sourced update for the margarine article. In general, I am making suggestions for the introduction, history and nutrition section of the article to include further information and update information in the light of recent developments and research.

You can see my proposed draft in my user space. I've also made this to compare my suggestions with the current version of the article (as of November 20, 2018).

My draft offers the following edits:
 * Update of the introduction section to reflect recent product developments and reducing redundancies in comparison to the history section
 * Adding further information to the history section especially:
 * Sorted events more in chronical order and added context where suitable
 * Included sub-headlines to add a little more structure to the text
 * Added more international context and historical developments from around the world
 * Added more recent product developments

 * Updated the nutrition section to reflect maintenance template by rewriting it incorporating the most recent research including respective up-to-date sources

As I do have a financial conflict of interest, since I'm making this suggestion on behalf of Upfield as part of my work as a private consultant, I will not make any edits to the article myself. In addition, the suggestions of course follow NPOV and do not additionally mention Upfield or their products (some products where mentioned in the article before)!

I would be delighted, if uninvolved editors could review the suggestions and take live changes as appropriate. Let me know if you have any feedback or questions!

I am looking forward to your feedback.

Thank you very much in advance, Conandcon (talk) 09:02, 20 November 2018 (UTC)

 * Would you be willing to let editors know about any other accounts you may be using? I don't see a 2nd account disclosure on your user page. It does mention you're being paid by a Private consultant, but if this consultant is a Wikipedia editor who is working with you and consulting with you on the development of this article, I believe it might be helpful to know which editor that is.  Spintendo   16:15, 20 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks Spintendo for getting back to me on this. I am working as a private consultant and I am paid by Upfield. The disclosure in the margarine draft in my user space might not have been very precise; I changed it according to the disclosure I made here on the talking page. In addition, I do not have any other accounts I use where I suggest edits in the context of COI. Let me know if you have any further questions! Conandcon (talk) 16:46, 20 November 2018 (UTC)
 * "I do not have any other accounts I use where I suggest edits in the context of COI." This request to disclose other accounts includes those accounts where you do not suggest edits in the context of COI. The requirements for announcing secondary accounts do not contain nuance: "An editor using multiple accounts for valid reasons should, on each account's user page, list all the other accounts with an explanation of their purpose", per WP:ALTACCN. Would you be willing to list these alternate accounts? Please advise.  Spintendo   20:21, 21 November 2018 (UTC)

 * Yes, of course. Thank you Spintendo. My private account is User:Sententiosus. I did add this to my user page as well. I use that account usually to edit the German Wikipedia e.g. when traveling or noticing mistakes. Please kindly advise if I should take any further action. I am very open to your suggestions and happy to act upon. Thank you for your patience and time so far! Conandcon (talk) 23:05, 21 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Thank you. That's much appreciated.   Spintendo   00:10, 22 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Of course. Do you have any feedback regarding the suggestions I made? What do you think? Conandcon (talk) 13:51, 22 November 2018 (UTC)
 * My feedback:
 * The Manufacturing process section mostly contains text which is insufficiently paraphrased from the source material. This text was placed in the article years ago, but because it already exists in the article, the COI editor has included it in their edit proposal, which makes that part of the proposal not approvable. When text is added to an article in an editor's name, they become the new person responsible for it; the fact that they trusted Wikipedia to have already checked their text and found it to be free of plagiarism is understandable—but in this case they would have been wrong, and this shows that caution regarding already-existing text is always warranted.
 * The Nutrition section in the COI editor's draft appears to be superior to the article's Nutrition section in both grammar and references. The nutritional contents are listed much more clearly and succinctly, and the additional details regarding advisements about margarine are placed after the bare nutritional numbers and percentages, which is a more intuitive arraingement than the standing-article's version (where the presentation of that information is reversed).
 * The Legal issues section requires the most scrutiny here, as it makes up the majority of text which the COI editor wishes to have deleted. The section discusses many of the points of contention between the margarine and dairy industries, particularly with respect to what may be seen as the special protections given to the dairy industry in the United States and Canada, the only two countries presented with details. These are noteworthy details, but for the dairy industry I assume, this section might appear to be pushing the line between fact and opinion, since just the act of mentioning the protections given to the dairy industry can seem tantamount to implying that those protections are unfair. As the COI editor proposing the changes works on behalf of Upfield, I can only surmise that some aspect of the dispute described in the section was unappealing to the margarine industry, and that is why it was to be gotten rid of. Although this section is not as well referenced as the rest of the article, it still stands on its own, and I feel that arbitrarily deleting it might prove to be a futile action, especially when other issues such as the Streisand effect are taken into consideration. It certainly isn't something I would feel comfortable approving of without having a clear consensus for the changes.
 * The details listed in the History section of the COI editor's draft are placed in chronological order, which makes the draft version much easier to follow along in reading than the current standing version of the article, which has events out of order in certain instances.
 * Regards,  Spintendo   23:56, 24 November 2018 (UTC)

, instead of asking us to plough through a whole alternative version, would you please summarise here (in brief, please!) the changes you are proposing, and explain how they benefit the encyclopaedia and how they benefit Upfield (which last is not something that anyone here is likely to care one whit about). Thank you, Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 13:56, 25 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much for your feedback!

 * 1) Manufacturing process: Indeed, I did not check for plagiarism. It described the process correctly and I, therefore, haven’t further worked on it. But I am happy to propose a revision.
 * 2) Regarding the legal issues section it was not my intention to delete it; I must have overlooked it when copying the parts where I was not proposing any changes. I did add this to my suggestion in my user space draft now.

 * Please find here a including the legal issues section.

 * Thank you for your remark. When suggesting these changes, my goal was to add information (especially in the history section) and update (especially in the nutrition section) information and sources, where I felt this would benefit the reader. I believe this is also in the interest of Upfield as up-to-date information of where Margarine comes from and what development it went through since its innovation as well as an up-to-date description of its nutritional value is important for a realistic picture of what margarine is today.

 * Here are also more details on what I suggest to change:

 * 1) In the introduction section I suggest to remove the historical remarks when it was invented as they are already described in the history section and I found it more important to focus on a more general description of what margarine is and how the term is used.
 * 2) In the history section I sorted the events more in chronical order, included sub-headlines to add a little more structure and added more information especially in context of its innovation and international product developments in the first decades after invention. I also added more information for its development since the 1960s and included more recent developments since 2000.
 * 3) For the nutrition section I suggest to add a table to compare different spreads and butter to give the reader a fast overview. I added up-to-date sources and structured a little different; first describing nutritional facts and afterwards discussing advisements also reflecting the maintenance templates in this section.

 * In this step, I did not suggest changes for the manufacturing, national standards and legal issues section.

 * Please kindly let me know if I can do anything else - in addition to a revision of the manufacturing section - that helps driving these suggestions forward. Conandcon (talk) 10:32, 26 November 2018 (UTC)

Reply 10-DEC-2018
Regards,  Spintendo   02:05, 11 December 2018 (UTC)
 * The above edit request has not received any non-COI editor responses in the past  2  weeks (15 days total).
 * Articles benefit greatly from having discussion amongst editors. It was felt by this reviewer that any adverse changes made with this edit request may be overlooked without the benefits of a discussion. As a safeguard, the request has been declined as needing discussion (e.g., ).
 * The COI editor is urged to revive any stalled communications with involved editors first by making contact with the editor's through this talk page and by reclarifying exactly what new changes are being asked for in comparison to the older text.
 * The COI editor may also wish to broadcast requests for changes at the talk pages of the various WikiProjects which govern this article. Those projects are normally listed at the top of each article's talk page.
 * Unless being assisted by another review editor, the COI editor is asked to allow for a reasonable amount of time to pass before reactivating a subsequent  on the same issue.

u|Spintendo,, thank you very much for your time and help so far. As you suggested, I now included a complete revision of the section manufacturing process in my user page draft as the original from today`s article was largely plagiarized. In addition, please find here a commented version of my suggestions with explanations on what and why I suggest as well as a more detailed explanation on why these changes are in the interest of Upfield. Please kindly advise, If I should do anything else that helps non-COI editors evaluate my suggestions. Looking forward to hearing from you again. Conandcon (talk) 18:21, 21 December 2018 (UTC)

 * I happened to come here for another purpose), but can't help mentioning that, as I see it, this discussion shows the inefficiency and confusion that almost inevitably results from our way of dealing with coi editing.    I don't work with coi editors  this way, but instead by making suggestions, precisely because of this problem.  I'm also a little puzzled by the need to have a statement for why the changes improve the article and help the company. It's enough that they help the article.  , this is not meant as criticism of you, because you operate under this system much better  and more patiently than I possibly could; it's rather my continued frustration with the system.  (The only way I find practical is to ask the editor to make the changes, and then revise them. )  DGG ( talk ) 00:27, 8 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your questions. I want you to know that for me, your feedback will always be welcomed. To answer your question: the request of the COI editor to provide reasons for why the changes should be made are asked because that is what the suggestions for answering edit requests state that I do:"If the rationale for a change is not obvious (particularly for proposed deletions), explain."I have found that requiring COI editors to state the reasons for making changes helps to flesh out their general purpose. If that purpose is to innocently supply needed information, then that reason will be easy for them to supply. If there are promotional instincts behind their motives, that can also be revealed through an accounting of their reasons. Since conflicts of interest hide themselves from our own inner recognition of them, its important to use this type of exploration of reasons in order to uncover hidden agendas that the COI editor may not even realize themselves.

 * Also, there are circumstances where it may not be enough for me to simply state that I feel something is promotional and should not be added; in those cases I need their words to help me "tie the noose" so to speak. Also in a way, the back and forth generated by a request for reasons and my questioning of those reasons (the part of the request process where, understandably, your patience leaves you) lends itself to the type of discussion which all additions and deletions to an article should ideally have.

 * I hope this helps to answer your questions, sorry for the 5 month delay in responding, but I too only came to this page by chance, while looking at the state of edit requests from one year ago, which I occassionally like to do. Warm regards, Spintendo  16:30, 27 November 2019 (UTC)

Margarine is not healthier than butter
Butter substitute not healthier 24.48.102.11 (talk) 22:07, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Margarine


text:
Xinhua News Agency

Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation: ), or New China News Agency, is the official state news agency of the People's Republic of China. It is a State Council's ministry-level institution, and was founded in 1931. It is the largest media organ in China.

Xinhua is a publisher, as well as a news agency; it publishes in multiple languages and is a channel for the distribution of information related to the Chinese government and the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Its headquarters in Beijing are located close to the central government's headquarters at Zhongnanhai.

Xinhua tailors its pro-Chinese government message to the nuances of each international audience. The organization has faced criticism for spreading propaganda and disinformation and for criticizing people, groups, or movements critical of the Chinese government and its policies.

History

The predecessor to Xinhua was the Red China News Agency, founded in November 1931 as the Chinese Soviet Zone of Ruijin, Jiangxi province. It mostly republished news from its rival Central News Agency (CNA) for party and army officials. The agency got its name of Xinhua in November 1935, at the end of the Long March, in which the Chinese Red Army retreated from Jiangxi to Shaanxi. By the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Xinhua's Reference News translated CNA news from the Kuomintang, and also international news from agencies like TASS and Havas. Xinhua first started using letterpress printing in 1940.

During the Pacific War the agency developed overseas broadcasting capabilities and established its first overseas branches. It began broadcasting to foreign countries in English from 1944. In 1949, Xinhua followed a subscription model instead of its previous limited distribution model. In the direct aftermath of the Chinese Civil War, the agency represented the People's Republic of China in countries and territories with which it had no diplomatic representation, such as British Hong Kong. In 1956, Xinhua began reporting on anti-Marxist and other opinions critical of the CCP. In 1957, Xinhua switched from a journal format to a newspaper format.

The agency was described by media scholars as the "eyes and tongue" of the CCP, observing what is important for the masses and passing on the information. A former Xinhua director, Zheng Tao, noted that the agency was a bridge between the CCP, the government, and the people, communicating both the demands of the people and CCP policies.

In 2018, the United States Department of Justice directed Xinhua's U.S. branch to register as a foreign agent under the Foreign Agents Registration Act. In 2020, the United States Department of State designated Xinhua and other state-owned media outlets as a foreign mission. Xinhua registered in the U.S. as a foreign agent in May 2021.

In June 2022, Fu Hua, the former CCP Committee Secretary of Beijing Daily, was appointed president of Xinhua. In September 2022, Fu stated, "Xinhua will never depart from the party line, not even for a minute, nor stray from the path laid down by General Secretary Xi Jinping".

Reach
By 2021, Xinhua had 181 bureaus globally, publishing news in multiple languages. Xinhua is also responsible for handling, and in some cases, censoring reports from foreign media destined for release in China. In 2010, Xinhua acquired prime commercial real estate on Times Square in Manhattan and started an English-language satellite news network. Xinhua has paid other media outlets such as The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Wall Street Journal to carry its advertorial inserts, branded as "China Watch" or "China Focus".

Internal media
The CCP's internal media system, in which certain journals (neican) are published exclusively for government and party officials, provides information and analysis which are not available to the public. Xinhua produces reports for these internal journals that contain information that the CCP considers too sensitive for public consumption and can pertain to subjects for security and intelligence purposes.

Xinhua reporters file certain internal reports to CCP leadership from secure rooms in some Chinese embassies. Informed observers note that journalists generally like to write for the internal publications because they can write less polemical and more comprehensive stories without making the omissions of unwelcome details commonly made in the media directed to the general public. The internal reports, written from a large number of countries, typically consist of in-depth analyses of international situations and domestic attitudes towards regional issues and perceptions of China.

The Chinese government's internal media publication system follows a strict hierarchical pattern designed to facilitate party control. A publication called Reference News—which includes translated articles from abroad as well as news and commentary by Xinhua reporters—is delivered by Xinhua personnel, rather than by the national mail system, to officials at the working level and above. A three-to-ten-page report called Internal Reference (Neibu Cankao) is distributed to officials at the ministerial level and higher. One example was the first reports on the SARS outbreak by Xinhua which only government officials were allowed to see. The most classified Xinhua internal reports are issued to the top dozen or so party and government officials.

Headquarters and regional offices
Xinhua headquarters is located in Beijing, strategically located near Zhongnanhai, which houses the headquarters of the CCP, the General Secretary, and the State Council. Xinhua established its first overseas affiliate in 1947 in London, with Samuel Chinque as publisher. It distributes its news from the publication's overseas headquarters in New York City, in conjunction with distributing coverage from the United Nations bureau, as well as its other hubs in Asia, Middle East, Latin America, and Africa.

As of 2024, Xinhua has over 170 overseas bureaus.

Hong Kong
Xinhua's branch in Hong Kong was not just a press office, but served as the de facto embassy of the PRC in the territory when it was under British administration. It was named a news agency under the special historic conditions before the 1997 handover, because the People's Republic did not recognize British sovereignty over the colony, and could not set up a consulate on what it considered to be its soil. In the early 1980s, the deputy secretary of Xinhua, Wong Man-fong, negotiated with Hong Kong-based triads on behalf of the Chinese government to ensure their peace after the handover of Hong Kong.

Despite its unofficial status, the directors of the Xinhua Hong Kong Branch included high-ranking former diplomats such as Zhou Nan, former Ambassador to the United Nations and Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, who later negotiated the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong. His predecessor, Xu Jiatun, was also vice-chairman of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee, before fleeing to the United States in response to the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, where he went into exile.

It was authorized by the special administrative region government to continue to represent the central government after 1997, and it was renamed "The Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong SAR" on 18 January 2000, retaining branch chief Jiang Enzhu as inaugural director.

Cairo
Xinhua opened its Middle East Regional Bureau in Cairo, Egypt in 1985.

Cooperation with other media outlets
In 2015, Xinhua and other Chinese state media outlets signed cooperation and content-sharing agreements with Russian state media outlets.

In November 2018, Xinhua News Agency and the Associated Press (AP) of the United States signed a memorandum of understanding to expand cooperation. Some lawmakers in the US congress asked the AP to release the text of its memorandum of understanding with Xinhua. In response, AP spokeswoman Lauren Easton told The Washington Post that AP's agreement with Xinhua is to allow it to operate inside China and has no bearing on AP's independence, and that Xinhua has no access to AP's sensitive information and no influence over AP's editorial decisions.

In December 2022, journalist Joshua Kurlantzick said that Xinhua has had more success than other Chinese state media outlets such as China Global Television Network and China Radio International in acting as a part of China's media offensive, with Xinhua having signed content sharing agreements with many news agencies around the world. He noted that "unlike with, say, a television station that a viewer has to actively turn on, and probably knows the channel, most print or online readers do not check the bylines of news articles—making it easier for Xinhua copy to slip through to readers." He also noted: "In developing countries, Xinhua is increasingly stepping into the void left by other news wires like the Associated Press, because Xinhua content is free or cheap", and warned about Xinhua content being used by local news outlets in countries such as Thailand, saying: "Readers don't really notice where it comes from. That's going to skew the views of the general reading public, and that's quite dangerous."

Partnerships
In 2018, Xinhua, in partnership with Tencent's subsidiary Sogou, launched its first artificial intelligence-generated news anchor.

Political bias, censorship, and disinformation
In 2005, Reporters Without Borders called Xinhua "The World's Biggest Propaganda Machine", pointing out that Xinhua's president held the rank of a minister in the government. The report stated that the news agency was "at the heart of censorship and disinformation put in place" by the government.

In a 2007 interview with The Times of India, then Xinhua president Tian Congming affirmed the problem of "historical setbacks and popular perceptions" with respect to Xinhua's credibility. Newsweek criticized Xinhua as "being best known for its blind spots" regarding controversial news in China, although the article acknowledges that "Xinhua's spin diminishes when the news doesn't involve China".

During the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak, Xinhua was slow to release reports of the incident to the public. However, its reporting in the aftermath of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake was seen as more transparent and credible as Xinhua journalists operated more freely. After the Beijing Television Cultural Center fire, the vice president of the CCP's China International Publishing Group stated that quantity of media exposure would not necessarily help perceptions of China. Rather, he said, media should focus on emphasizing Chinese culture "to convey the message that China is a friend, not an enemy".

Xinhua has criticized perceived foreign media bias and inaccurate reporting, citing an incident during the 2008 Tibetan unrest when media outlets used scenes of Nepalese police arresting Tibetan protesters as evidence of Chinese state brutality with commentary from CNN's Jack Cafferty calling China's leaders "goons and thugs". CNN later apologized for the comments.

1968 industrial espionage allegations
During the May 68 events in France, Xinhua and PRC embassy press office staff were reported to exploit civil unrest to undertake industrial espionage at French factories.

1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
Xinhua staff struggled to find the "right line" to use in covering the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. Although more cautious than People's Daily in its treatment of sensitive topics during that period – such as how to commemorate reformist CCP leader Hu Yaobang's April 1989 death and then ongoing demonstrations in Beijing and elsewhere – Xinhua gave some favorable coverage to demonstrators and intellectuals supportive of the movement. Conflict between journalists and top editors over the censorship of stories about the Tiananmen Square crackdown lasted for several days after the military's dispersal of demonstrators on 4 June, with some journalists going on strike and demonstrating inside the agency's Beijing headquarters. Government oversight of the media increased after the protests – top editors at the agency's bureaus in Hong Kong and Macau were replaced with appointees who were pro-Beijing.

2012 Mark Bourrie resignation and espionage allegations
In 2012, Xinhua's Ottawa correspondent Mark Bourrie resigned after Ottawa bureau chief Zhang Dacheng allegedly requested him to report on the Dalai Lama for Xinhua's internal media, which Bourrie felt amounted to gathering intelligence for China. Zhang denied the allegation, telling the Canadian Press that Xinhua's policy is to "cover public events by public means" and his bureau's job is to cover news events and file the stories to Xinhua's editing rooms, who would then decide which stories would be published. Bourrie, who had a press pass providing him access to the Parliament of Canada, had previously tried to consult the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) in 2009 on the matter of writing for Xinhua, but was ignored by CSIS.

Portrayal of Indians during the 2017 Doklam standoff
During the 2017 China–India border standoff, Xinhua's English-language new media program The Spark released a satirical video named the "Seven Sins of India" on 16 August 2017, in which presenter Di'er Wang spoke of Indians having "thick skin" and "pretending to sleep" on the matter of the border dispute. Wang stated that India was physically threatening Bhutan, and compared India to a "robber who breaks into a house and does not leave". An actor in the video portraying "India" with a turban, beard and accent sparked allegations of racism and anti-Indian sentiment. The video was criticized on Twitter and by Indian and Western media.

2018 Devumi allegations
In January 2018, The New York Times published an investigative report on social media promotions, alleging that the US-based company Devumi was providing "Twitter followers and retweets to celebrities, businesses and anyone who wants to appear more popular or exert influence online." The article alleged an unnamed Xinhua editor bought "hundreds of thousands of followers and retweets on Twitter".

2019 Hong Kong protests
In 2019, Xinhua was criticized for perceived bias in its portrayal of the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests as violent and illegitimate, which led Twitter to ban it and other state-sponsored media outlets from ad purchases.

COVID-19 pandemic
In 2020, Xinhua was one of several Chinese state media agencies reported to have been disseminating propaganda, targeted advertisements and social media posts, and news that showed the Chinese government in a better light.

In 2022, journalist Joshua Kurlantzick noted that Xinhua's coverage of the pandemic, while being "sometimes factual and on the face of it little different in style from other newswires, often downplayed the threat of the virus within China and to other countries", and that it frequently highlighted the efforts of doctors and citizens in combating the virus, while ignoring the ways China had initially covered up the signs of an outbreak and Chinese citizens' growing anger at the government's response.

Uyghurs
In 2012, Xinhua launched a Uyghur language website. In 2021, Xinhua published a "fact check" following the publication of a BBC News report on the situation in Xinjiang which, according to The Diplomat, "included an attempt to directly refute the testimony of one witness quoted in the BBC report. (Notably, Xinhua's fact check did not address the bulk of the testimony from other survivors.)"

Russian invasion of Ukraine
During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Xinhua and other Chinese state media outlets paid for digital ads on Facebook supporting pro-Kremlin disinformation and propaganda, including dissemination of the Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory, after Meta Platforms banned Russian state media advertisement buys.

2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan
During the 2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan, Xinhua published an altered image of a Taiwanese Chi Yang-class frigate near the coast of Hualien County appearing to be a People's Liberation Army Navy vessel. The Taiwanese Ministry of National Defense labelled the image as disinformation.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Xinhua News Agency


text:
Giorgetto Giugiaro

Giorgetto Giugiaro (born 7 August 1938) is an Italian automotive designer. He has worked on supercars and popular everyday vehicles. He was born in Garessio, Cuneo, Piedmont. Giugiaro was named Car Designer of the Century in 1999 and inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 2002. He was awarded the Compasso d'Oro industrial design award six times.

In addition to cars, Giugiaro designed camera bodies for Nikon, Navigation promenade of Porto Santo Stefano, in 1983, the organ of the cathedral of Lausanne (composed of about 7000 pipes) in 2003, and developed a new pasta shape, "Marille". He also designed several watch models for Seiko, mainly racing chronographs, as well as office furniture for Okamura Corporation.

Influence on design

Giugiaro's earliest cars, like the Alfa Romeo 105/115 Series Coupés, often featured tastefully arched and curving shapes, such as the De Tomaso Mangusta, Iso Grifo, and Maserati Ghibli. In the late 1960s, Giugiaro made increasingly angular designs, culminating in the "folded paper" era of the 1970s. Straight-lined designs such as the BMW M1, Lotus Esprit S1, and Maserati Bora followed. He changed again during the early 1990s, introducing a more curvy approach with his Lamborghini Calà, Maserati Spyder, and Ferrari GG50.

Giugiaro is widely known for the DMC DeLorean. Notable in its own time for its unique design, the car was prominently featured in the Hollywood blockbuster movie series Back to the Future. His most commercially successful design was the Volkswagen Golf Mk1.

In 1976, Giugiaro explored a new taxi concept with the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), which became the 1978 Lancia Megagamma concept. Fiat had commissioned the 1978 concept from Italdesign, asking for a 4-meter length, high roof, high h-point, multi-functional, monospace design — but ultimately decided the concept was too risky for production. In retrospect, the Megagamma was more influential than successful in its own right. It is considered the "conceptual birth mother of the MPV/minivan movement." it influenced design of such mini/compact MPVs as the Nissan Prairie (1981) and Fiat 500L (2011), as well as larger MPVs, including the Renault Espace and Chrysler minivans.

Studios

 * Fiat Special Vehicle Design (1955–1959)
 * Bertone (1959–1965)
 * Ghia (1965–1967)
 * Studi Italiani Realizzazione Prototipi (SIRP, 1968)
 * Italdesign Giugiaro (1968–2015)
 * GFG Style (2015–present)

Automobiles

 * Alfa Romeo
 * 2000 Sprint (1960)
 * 2600 Sprint (1962)
 * Giulia Sprint GT (1963)
 * Canguro concept car (1964)
 * Giulia SS Bertone Prototipo concept car (1965)
 * Alfa Romeo 1750 Berlinetta concept car (1968)
 * Iguana concept car (1968)
 * Caimano concept car (1971)
 * Alfasud (1972)
 * Alfetta GT (1974)
 * Alfasud Sprint (1976)
 * Brera concept car (2002)
 * 156 facelift second series (2003)
 * Visconti concept car (2004)
 * 159/159 SW (2004)
 * Brera (2005)
 * American Motors
 * AMC AMX/3 (1970)
 * Eagle Premier (1987)
 * ASA 1000 GT (1962)
 * Aston Martin
 * DB4 GT Bertone 'Jet' (1961)
 * Twenty Twenty concept car (2001)
 * Audi
 * Audi 80 (1978)
 * Audi Coupe
 * BMW
 * 3200 CS (1961)
 * BMW 2800 Spicup concept car (initial design, 1969)
 * M1 (1977)
 * Nazca C2 concept car (1992)
 * Nazca C2 Spider concept car (1993)
 * M1 Homage Concept (2008)
 * Bugatti Automobili and Bugatti Automobiles
 * ID 90 Concept (1990)
 * EB 112 (1993)
 * EB 118 (1998)
 * EB 218 (1999)
 * Buick Park Avenue Ultra (1989–1990 interior seating)
 * Cadillac Sixty Special (1989–1993 interior seating)
 * Chevrolet Testudo concept car (1963)
 * Daewoo
 * Lanos (1996)
 * Leganza (1997)
 * Magnus (2000 and 2003)
 * Kalos hatchback (2002)
 * Lacetti hatchback (2004)
 * De Tomaso
 * Mangusta (1966)
 * Rowan concept car (1967)
 * DMC DeLorean (1981)
 * Ferrari
 * 250 GT “Competition” Berlinetta SWB Speciale Bertone (1960)
 * 250 GT Berlinetta SWB Speciale Bertone (1962)
 * Ferrari GG50 concept car (2005)
 * Fiat
 * 850 Spider (1965)
 * Dino Coupé (initial design, 1963)
 * Panda (1980)
 * Uno (1983)
 * Croma (1985)
 * Punto (1993)
 * Palio/Siena (2001)
 * Croma (2005)
 * Grande Punto (2005)
 * Sedici (2005)
 * Ford Mustang concept car (1966, 2006)
 * FSO
 * Polonez (1978)
 * GreenTech Automotive
 * GreenTech MyCar
 * Gordon-Keeble GT (1960)
 * Hyundai
 * Pony (1974)
 * Stellar (1982)
 * Excel (1985)
 * Sonata (1988)
 * Innocenti 186 GT (1964)
 * Iso Rivolta
 * Rivolta IR 300 (1961)
 * Grifo (1963)
 * Fidia (1967)
 * Italdesign
 * Aztec concept car (1988)
 * Quaranta concept car (2008)
 * Isuzu
 * 117 Coupé (1968)
 * Piazza/Impulse (1981)
 * Gemini/I-Mark (1985)
 * Iveco
 * Iveco CityClass bus (1996)
 * Iveco MyWay bus (1999)
 * Iveco Eurotech (1992)
 * Iveco EuroTrakker (1993)
 * Iveco Daily (2006)
 * Iveco Massif (2007)
 * Lamborghini
 * Marco Polo concept car (1982)
 * Calà concept car (1995)
 * Lancia
 * Megagamma concept car (1978)
 * Delta (1979)
 * Medusa concept car (1980)
 * Prisma (1982)
 * Orca concept car (1982)
 * Thema (1984)
 * Lexus GS (1993)
 * Lotus
 * Esprit (1976)
 * Etna concept car (1984)
 * Maserati
 * 5000 GT (1961)
 * Ghibli (1966)
 * Simun concept car (1968)
 * Bora (1971)
 * Boomerang concept car (1972)
 * Merak (1972)
 * Tipo 124 concept car (1974)
 * Medici concept car (1974)
 * Medici II concept car (1976)
 * Quattroporte (1976)
 * 3200 GT (1998)
 * Buran concept car (2000)
 * Spyder (2001)
 * Coupé (2002)
 * Mazda
 * Mazda Familia (1963)
 * Mazda Luce (1965)
 * Oldsmobile Thor concept car (1967)
 * Porsche Tapiro concept car (1970)
 * Proton Emas concept car (2010)
 * Renault
 * 21 (1986)
 * 19 (1988)
 * Saab
 * 600 (1980)
 * 9000 (1984)
 * Scania 2-series (1980)
 * SEAT
 * Ibiza (1984)
 * Málaga (1985)
 * Proto T & TL concept car (1989–1990)
 * Proto C concept car (1990)
 * Toledo (1991)
 * Córdoba (1993)
 * Ibiza (1993)
 * Toledo (1998)
 * León (1998)
 * Simca
 * Simca 1000 Coupé (1962)
 * Simca 1200S (1967)
 * Skoda 720 concept car (1972)
 * SsangYong
 * Rexton (2001)
 * Korando (2010)
 * Subaru Alcyone SVX (1991)
 * Suzuki
 * Carry (1969)
 * Cervo (1977–1982)
 * SX4 (2006)
 * Techrules Ren (2018)
 * Toyota
 * Aristo (1991)
 * Alessandro Volta concept car (2004)
 * Volkswagen
 * Karmann Ghia TC (1972)
 * Passat (1973)
 * Scirocco (1974)
 * Golf (1974)
 * Jetta (1979)
 * W12 Coupe & Roadster concept cars (1997)
 * Zastava
 * Florida (1988)

Cameras

 * Nikon
 * EM (1979)
 * F3 (1980)
 * L35AF (1983)
 * F4 (1988)
 * F5 (1996)
 * D2H (2003)
 * F6 (2004)
 * D3 (2007)
 * D4 (2012)
 * D800 (2012)
 * Df (2013)

Firearms

 * Handguns
 * Beretta Neos (2002)
 * Submachine Guns
 * Beretta CX4 Storm (2003)
 * Shotguns
 * Beretta UGB25 Xcel Trap 12 GA, 30"

Motorcycles

 * Ducati 860 GT (1975)
 * Suzuki RE5 (1975)
 * Derbi Predator (1998)
 * TOMOS A5 Colibri (1989) moped
 * MV Agusta 350 Ipotesi

Other

 * Sirio telephone for Società Italiana per l'Esercizio Telefonico (early 1990s)
 * FIAT Ferroviaria/Alstom ETR 460 (Pendolino) train (1993)
 * Nitro concept tractor (2013)
 * Seiko Speedmaster wrist watch (1986)
 * Seiko Macchina Sportiva wrist watch
 * Deutz Fahr 6215 RCSHIFT tractor (2017)
 * Navigation promenade of Porto Santo Stefano, Tuscany
 * Marille Pasta
 * Organ of the cathedral of Lausanne, composed of about 7000 pipes
 * Molten basketball design (official game ball for FIBA)
 * Balsamic Vinegar of Modena Bottle

title: Giorgetto Giugiaro