text:
Düsseldorf Airport

Düsseldorf Airport (Flughafen Düsseldorf, ), known as Düsseldorf International Airport until March 2013, is an international airport serving Düsseldorf, the capital of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is about 7 km north of downtown Düsseldorf and some 20 km southwest of Essen in the Rhine-Ruhr area, Germany's largest metropolitan area.

Düsseldorf is the fourth-busiest airport in Germany and handled almost 8 million passengers in 2021. It is a hub for Eurowings and a focus city for several more airlines. The airport has three passenger terminals and two runways and can handle wide-body aircraft up to the Airbus A380.

Usage
Düsseldorf Airport is the largest and primary airport for the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region – the largest metropolitan region in Germany and among the largest metropolitan areas in the world. The airport is located in Düsseldorf-Lohausen. The largest nearby business centres are Düsseldorf and Essen; other cities within a 20 km radius are Duisburg, Krefeld, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Neuss, and Wuppertal. The airport extends over a compact 6.13 km2 of land – small in comparison to airports of a similar capacity, but also a reason for Düsseldorf being known as an airport of short distances. The airport has more than 18,200 employees.

With around 16million passengers passing through in 2022, the airport was the fourth busiest in Germany, after Frankfurt Airport, Munich Airport and Berlin Brandenburg Airport. It was the 31st-busiest airport in Europe in 2022.

Ownership
The city of Düsseldorf owns half the airport, with the other half owned by various commercial entities. Düsseldorf Airport is a public–private partnership with the following owners:
 * 50% city of Düsseldorf
 * 50% Airport Partners GmbH (owners: 40% AviAlliance GmbH, 40% Aer Rianta International cpt, 20% AviC GmbH & Co. KGaA)

Early years
The current airport was opened on 19 April 1927, after two years of construction. The first international route was inaugurated by SABENA in 1929 between Brussels, Antwerp, Düsseldorf and Hamburg.

At the beginning of World War II, civil use of the airport ceased in September 1939 and the airfield was used by the military. After the end of the war, the airport reopened for civil use in 1948. With the area under British administration, the first international flights were operated by British European Airways to London.

Since 1950, the airport is owned by a state-owned operations company.

On 1 April 1955, Lufthansa started services between Düsseldorf, Frankfurt am Main, and Munich, which still exist today. In 1959, the first scheduled jet aircraft landed in Düsseldorf on Scandinavian Airlines' Copenhagen-Khartoum route. In 1961, LTU relocated its home base from Cologne Bonn Airport and in the same year, Düsseldorf Airport handled more than onemillion passengers for the first time.

In 1969 the main runway was lengthened to 3000 metres while a new second terminal was under construction. The new Terminal 2, which is today's Terminal B, opened in April 1973. Another addition, today's Terminal A, was opened in 1977 while the last annex, Terminal C, opened in 1986.

Düsseldorf Airport fire
On 11 April 1996, the Düsseldorf Airport fire, which is the worst structural airport fire worldwide to date, broke out. It was caused by welding work on an elevated road in front of Terminal A above its arrivals area. Insufficient structural fire protection allowed the fire and especially the smoke to spread fast, destroying large parts of the passenger areas of the airport. Seventeen people died, mostly due to smoke inhalation, with many more hospitalised. At the time, the fire was the biggest public disaster in the history of North Rhine-Westphalia. Damage to the airport was estimated to be in the hundreds of millions; Terminals A and B had to be completely reconstructed. While repairs were ongoing, passengers were housed in big tents.

In November 1997, Terminal C was completely redeveloped, with three lightweight construction halls serving as departure areas. Also in 1997 construction began on the new inter-city railway station at the eastern edge of the airport. In 1998 the rebuilt Terminal A was reopened and the airport changed its name from "Rhine Ruhr Airport" to "Düsseldorf International". Reconstruction of the central building and Terminal B began in the same year.

Development since the 2000s
The first construction stage in the "Airport 2000+" programme commenced in 1998 with the laying of a foundation stone for an underground parking garage under the new terminal.

The new Düsseldorf Airport station was opened in May 2000, with a capacity of 300 train departures daily. 16million passengers used the airport that year; Düsseldorf is now the third-biggest airport in Germany. The new departures hall and Terminal B were opened in July 2001 after 2½ years of construction time; the rebuilt Gebäude Ost (East Building) was reopened.

In 2002, the inter-terminal shuttle bus service was replaced by the suspended monorail called the SkyTrain connecting the terminal building with the InterCity train station. The monorail travels the 2.5 km between the terminal and station at a maximum speed of 50 km/h. The system was developed by Siemens and is based on the similar H-Bahn operating with two lines on the Dortmund university campus.

On 12 November 2006, the first Airbus A380 landed in Düsseldorf as part of a Lufthansa promotional flight.

In March 2013, the Airport received a new corporate design and dropped the phrase International from its official name.

In January 2015, Emirates announced it would schedule the Airbus A380 on one of their two daily flights from Dubai to Düsseldorf starting in July 2015. In May 2015, the airport finished construction of the new facilities needed to handle the A380, including a parking position with three jet-bridges, widened taxiways and new ground handling equipment.

In June 2015, Lufthansa announced the closure of its long-haul base at Düsseldorf Airport for economic reasons by October 2015. The base consisted of two Airbus A340-300s which served Newark and Chicago-O'Hare. Newark remained a year-round service which is operated in a W-pattern from Munich Airport (Munich - Newark - Düsseldorf - Newark - Munich) while the Chicago service was suspended for the winter 2015/2016 season. A few months later, Lufthansa announced the cancellation of the Düsseldorf-Chicago route. The same route was served by American Airlines during the summer seasons from 2013 to 2016, when it was discontinued.

In January 2017, the airport's largest hub operator Air Berlin announced a massive downsizing of its operations due to restructuring measures. While some leisure routes were handed to Niki more than a dozen destinations were cancelled entirely. In August 2017, Air Berlin also announced the termination of all long-haul routes from Düsseldorf to destinations in the Caribbean on short notice due to ongoing bankruptcy proceedings. However, both Condor and Eurowings announced it would step in and start some of the terminated Caribbean destinations by themselves. Shortly after, Air Berlin also announced the termination of all remaining long-haul operations leading to the loss of several connections to the United States at Düsseldorf Airport. On 9 October 2017, Air Berlin announced the termination of all of its own operations, excluding wetleases, by the end of the month leading to the loss of one of the airport's largest customers.

In February 2018, Eurowings announced the relocation of all long-haul routes currently served from Cologne Bonn Airport to Düsseldorf by late October 2018 to strengthen its presence there.

In March 2018, Lufthansa announced it would close its base at Düsseldorf Airport after the 2018/2019 winter schedule which ended in March 2019. When the single remaining long-haul route to Newark was taken over by Eurowings, 400 staff members were offered a relocation to either Frankfurt Airport or Munich Airport. In November 2018, Ryanair also announced they would close their base in Düsseldorf after only a year. Its routes were taken over by Lauda.

In August 2020, Delta Air Lines removed the Atlanta route from their schedule due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It started resuming its three-times-weekly service to and from Atlanta on May 9, 2023, albeit making the route to Düsseldorf summer seasonal only, therefore leaving the airport without any transatlantic connection in the winter season.

Shortly after Delta Air Lines suspended its Atlanta route, Ryanair announced the closure of its base in Düsseldorf - which was operated on a wetlease basis by Lauda - by 24 October 2020. In September 2020, Singapore Airlines permanently removed the route to Singapore from their schedule.

In the autumn of 2022, German airline Sundair drastically reduced its operations from Düsseldorf, leaving a single route to Beirut. The two previously based aircraft were relocated. In January 2023 it became public that Sundair would not return to Düsseldorf in the summer season of 2023 with any flight, eradicating its former base from the network.

Just five months after resuming the previously long-standing route to Atlanta, Delta Air Lines announced in September 2023 that it would not return to Düsseldorf in the 2024 summer season. The route had been announced at only three weekly flights and was downgraded to summer seasonal before it even started. This leaves Düsseldorf without a single scheduled transatlantic flight.

Terminals
Düsseldorf Airport has three terminals connected by a central spine, even though the terminals are essentially concourses within a single terminal building. The current terminal buildings are capable of handling up to 22 million passengers per year.

Terminal A
Terminal A was opened in 1977 and has 16 gates (A01–A16) used by Lufthansa and Eurowings, its airline partners and Star Alliance members, Austrian Airlines, Croatia Airlines, LOT Polish Airlines, Scandinavian Airlines, TAP Air Portugal, and Swiss International Air Lines. Terminal A houses two Lufthansa lounges. It was refurbished fundamentally for two years after the 1996 fire.

Terminal B
Terminal B was originally inaugurated in 1973 and has 11 gates (B01–B11) used for domestic and EU flights by a few Star Alliance members such as Aegean Airlines, but mainly by SkyTeam and Oneworld members like Air France, British Airways, KLM, Finnair, Iberia and ITA Airways. Also located within this terminal are leisure carriers such as TUIfly and Condor. Terminal B houses an observation deck, which got shut down after the COVID-19 outbreak due to economic reasons, and one contract lounge After the fire in 1996, the whole terminal building was torn down and reconstructed. It was reopened in 2001.

Terminal C
Terminal C was opened in 1986 and has 8 gates (C01–C08) used exclusively for non-Schengen flights by non-Star Alliance airlines (except Turkish Airlines). These are long-haul flights – among others – by Emirates and Etihad Airways. Terminal C has a direct access to Airport City's Maritim Hotel, part of a German hotel chain, and houses lounges operated by the airport and Emirates. Terminal C was the least affected terminal after the fire in 1996, reopening the same year after intensive maintenance work. Thus it was the only usable Terminal at Düsseldorf Airport for a couple of years. Terminal C features the airport's only parking position equipped with three jet-bridges to handle the Airbus A380.

Executive Terminal
Jet Aviation operates a small terminal solely for private and corporate customers.

Runways and apron
Düsseldorf has two runways, which are 3000 m and 2700 m long. There are plans to extend the 3000 m runway to 3600 m, but the town of Ratingen has been blocking the expansion, as it lies within the approach path of the runway. 107 aircraft parking positions are available on the aprons.

Airport City
Since 2003, an area of 23 ha southwest of the airport terminal has been under redevelopment as Düsseldorf Airport City with an anticipated gross floor area of 250000 m2 to be completed by 2016. Already based at Düsseldorf Airport City are corporate offices of Siemens and VDI, a large Porsche centre and showroom, a Maritim Hotel, and a Sheraton Hotel. Messe Düsseldorf is situated in close proximity to Düsseldorf Airport City (some 500 m).

Passenger
The following airlines offer regular scheduled and charter flights at Düsseldorf Airport:

Busiest routes
Source: Düsseldorf Airport

Train
Düsseldorf Airport has two railway stations:
 * The S-Bahn station, Düsseldorf Airport Terminal station, is located below the terminal. It is served by the S11 suburban line, which has its northern terminus there.
 * The main station, Düsseldorf Airport station, is located 2.5 km from the terminal, and is served by all categories of railway, including Intercity Express (ICE) high-speed trains. A fully automatic suspended monorail called SkyTrain connects this station to the airport parking areas and the passenger terminals and also serves as an inter-terminal connection.

Road
The airport can be reached via its own motorway section which is part of the motorway A44 (Belgium – Kassel, Exit Düsseldorf-Flughafen) which also connects to motorways A52, A57 and A3. There are also several local bus lines connecting the airport with nearby areas and Düsseldorf city center.

Other facilities

 * Düsseldorf Airport had the headquarters of Air Berlin's technical training facilities and also served as one of their maintenance bases.
 * When LTU International existed, its head office was in Halle 8 at Düsseldorf Airport.
 * The corporate head office of Blue Wings was also located in Terminal A at the airport.

Flight restrictions
The authorities do not allow flights to or from this airport between 23:00 and 6:00.

Incidents and accidents

 * On 22 December 1955, a Manx Airlines Douglas C-47 on a positioning flight crashed at DUS attempting a visual approach rather than an instrument landing system approach in low clouds. The aircraft descended too low and struck trees, crashing about three miles from the runway. All three occupants were killed.
 * On 3 November 1957, a Karl Herfurtner Düsseldorf Douglas C-54 crashed into a residential area 4.5 km (2.8 mi) S of DUS after takeoff due to mismanagement of the flight by the chief pilot. There were six fatalities out of the 10 on board and one killed on the ground.

title: Düsseldorf Airport


text:
Talk:Viktor Klimenko (singer)

1
Please note that Viktor Klimenko's claims to cossack-ancestry are to put it politely, "unsubstantiated". -- Cimon Avaro on a pogostick

From Votes for deletion

 * Viktor Klimenko, rv to NPOV version gets blanked regularly by User:65.19.129.213, author of first highly POV version. -- till we *) 21:00, Aug 9, 2003 (UTC)
 * Much as it pains me to type this, he really does deserve a NPOV article about himself on Wikipedia. He is such an integral part of Finnish cultural Kitsch. -- Cimon Avaro on a pogostick
 * Does the page need to be protected rather than deleted then? Angela 18:58, 16 Aug 2003 (UTC)

No action taken. --mav 22:59, 16 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: http://www.viktorklimenko.com/english/index.html. Infringing material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. ⌘macwhiz (talk) 02:41, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Viktor Klimenko (singer)


text:
Talk:Alexander III of Russia

"Domestic Policy" subsection, and maybe other subsections in the section "Reign"
"On 29 October [O.S. 17 October] 1888 the Imperial train derailed in an accident at Borki. At the moment of the crash, the imperial family was in the dining car. Its roof collapsed, and Alexander supposedly held its remains on his shoulders as the children fled outdoors. The onset of Alexander’s kidney failure was later attributed to the blunt trauma suffered in this incident." These sentences have nothing to do with Domestic Policy. Nor do they have anything to do with the execution of the assassins, other than that both topics at least somewhat relate to Alexander's health. I suggest that they be moved elsewhere in the article, or the subsection titles should be reviewed, and possibly revised or removed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:1C0:6D02:3C10:20F5:1DE2:2609:EFBF (talk) 01:21, 11 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Moved the train accident to the family life section. Is it better? Alex Bakharev (talk) 03:17, 11 December 2017 (UTC)

Yes, much better. Although, did a citation get lost along the way? 2601:1C0:6D02:3C10:1D6C:5050:8DCE:7017 (talk) 04:51, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

"International Policy" "
He was a cousin of Alexander Batemberg, the King of Bulgaria. Alexander Romanoff III hated Batemberg and caused great disasters to Bulgaria. During the unification of North and South Bulgaria, 1885, he ordered the Russian officers to stay home and NOT help the young Bulgarian army. He sent a telegram to the Turkish Sultan encouraging him reeestablish the status quo, i.e. to take back south Bulgaria. Sultan declined. Then he encouraged the Serbian king Milan to attack Bulgaria from the west, which was at this time defenseless. Bulgarian army was in the south-east border at this time. Romanoff organized political assassinations and attempted coup de tat, Major Panitsa. At the same time, Bulgaria was paying to the Russian empire "occupation debt" millions of golden coins. At the end, Bulgarian King Batemberg abdicated, because he did not want Bulgaria to suffer anymore. For all of this, I wish Alexander Romanoff III burn in hell for eternity! The most evil of all russian rulers. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.180.196.20 (talk) 20:19, 7 April 2024 (UTC)

image
Discussion of the image moved to Image_talk:Alexander3ofRussia.JPG

again ?
Article says : "In 1887, once again the Peoples Will planned the murder of Tsar Alexander III". When was the first time ? Jay 12:24, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

copied from wikipedia:reference desk —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jay (talk • contribs) 10:49, 12 August 2005

''There's a line in Alexander III of Russia which says : "In 1887, once again the People's Will planned the murder of Tsar Alexander III". This line was added by an anon user. Wanted to know if it's known that they had planned attempts before; if so when was the first attempt ? Jay 21:50, 7 August 2005 (UTC)''
 *  It doesn't look like there were any attempts before, but that they planned it can hardly be doubted. They killed his father a few years prior and he took great care of personal safety, so they probably couldn't get to him earlier. Ornil 01:57, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Then maybe what the anon meant by "once again" was the earlier assassination of Alexander II. I'll modify the article accordingly. Jay

 * Finally done it, after 4 years! Jay (talk) 13:04, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

I did some work on this paragraph yesterday. It still sounded strange when I read it. What needed to be stressed - and wasn't - was that the People's Will DID assassinate Alexander II and did try to assassinate Alexander III. "Once again" sounded ridiculous and didn't make sense. I cleaned it up a bit and hopefully it's alright at this point. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.244.113.226 (talk) 12:02, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

a little fixing
I thumbnailed the picture of Alexander, it makes the article look better, in my opinion. --Kross 21:54, Apr 19, 2005 (UTC)

help
i need a 1 page report soon!!!!! what should i do

-(Just) do it yourself, and/or talk to your teacher/professor. Using Wikipedia to ask for help on a talk page is probably not the best use of your time.

Vandalism
What's with the recent vandalism on this page, by more than one user? Did some other media source talk about Alexander III or Wikipedia recently? --70.143.43.245 15:21, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

Maybe because he was such a great guy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.51.145.103 (talk) 06:45, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

Genealogy
It's inappropriate to mislead people by suggesting that the ancestry as given is something other than a possibility. Therefore some indication of the fact that it is disputed must be included if it is included. All that remains is to decide what that indication will be. - Nunh-huh 02:52, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Anti-Reforms?
I believe there could have been much more detail involving Alexander III and his reforms. For example, there is no mention of increasing the power of the secret police in order to repress liberals and revolutionaries. There was a small mention of Russification and his aim to suppress the cultures of non-Russian peoples within the empire. Also, when talking about the persecution of the Jewish people, there is nothing about pogroms, or his restriction in their level of education and in the areas that they lived in. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.119.134.70 (talk) 06:59, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Died with Bright's disease?
The article claims that he died of nefritis, but I read on a site, that he died of Bright's disease.Really Bright's disease is a kind of kidney disease, but he died of Bright's disease?Agre22 (talk) 22:54, 5 July 2008 (UTC)agre22
 * I find this article cover very little about his death. Usually in biography articles, death is cover at the end (which isn't the case here). GoodDay (talk) 14:39, 12 July 2008 (UTC)
 * According to the WP article, Bright's disease is the same as nefritis. LarryJeff (talk) 19:21, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

Russification?
Shouldn't this be included in article? Alexander III is well known for his slavophilia and attempt to russificy non russian parts of empire. Ban of school education in local languages in Baltic provinces, ban of latin alphabet in Poland, wide spread construction of orthodoxy churches in catholic and Lutheran provinces etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Indipuk (talk • contribs) 20:45, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I edited a plagiarized portion of the article under domestic policy to include a brief bit about Russification. Could use more detail though and a better source. Ansleyb (talk) 18:54, 1 November 2022 (UTC)

Not bridge
Whatever Alexander III played, it was not bridge. It might have been whist; it might have been Vint (Russian whist); it might have been bridge-whist. Macdonald-ross (talk) 12:42, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

inconsistency in death date
Introductory paragraph has:

"his death on 20 October [O.S. 8 October] 1894"

but later in the article I see this:

"He died at Livadia on the afternoon of 1 November [O.S. 20 October] 1894 ..."

Please fix the contradiction. However, in each of the excerpts I used, the correlation between old and new styles is correct (12 days apart since this is between 1800 and 1900).
 * I fixed it again. Somebody keeps changing it to 20 October [O.S. 8 October], which is incorrect. GoodDay (talk) 23:08, 13 June 2014 (UTC)

Maley Palace
The "Maley Palace" where Alexander III is just Maly (The Smaller) Palace in the Livadia Palace as opposed to the Bolshoy Palace (The Grand Palace). It used to be the palace for the heir when the palace was the property of Potozky family. I have changed the name accordingly Alex Bakharev (talk) 02:07, 11 May 2015 (UTC)

Destroyed Statue?
I've seen a couple photos in various places of people tearing down an additional statue of Alexander III during the Russian Revolution. The most common one just shows the head of the statue laying on the ground with some children looking at it, but I've also seen another one of people dismantling the statue, which shows it was seated. It's not the equestrian one mentioned, this one depicted him sitting on a throne or something like that. This seems to be a fairly famous picture, as I have seen it in many different places, so if someone could find some information about that and incorporate it that would be great. 131.156.156.14 (talk) 14:21, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

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Meaningless
''In disposition Alexander bore little resemblance to... [his] great-uncle, Emperor Alexander I, who could have been given the title of "the first gentleman of Europe".''
 * Meaningless claim. It would need a citation anyway. Valetude (talk) 10:27, 17 May 2019 (UTC)

"Alex 3" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Alex 3 and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 January 12 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. signed,Rosguill talk 21:11, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alexander III of Russia


text:
David Jones

David, Dafydd, Dai, Dave, Davy, or Di Jones may refer to:

Music

 * David Bowie (David Robert Jones, 1947–2016), English musician and actor
 * Dave Jones (drummer) (active since 1983), drummer with New York band Agnostic Front
 * David Jones (jazz musician) (1888–1956), American jazz saxophonist
 * David Jones (drummer) (born c.1958), Australian drummer
 * David Evan Jones (composer) (born 1946), American composer, pianist, and educator
 * David Lynn Jones (born 1950), American country music singer-songwriter
 * Davy Jones (musician) (1945–2012), English musician and member of The Monkees

Other

 * David Jones (director) (1934–2008), English stage, television and film director
 * David Jones (presenter), English sports broadcaster on Sky Sports since 1999
 * David Jones (artist-poet) (1895–1974), British modernist poet, writer, and artist
 * David Jones (programmer) (active in 1980s), former freelance computer game programmer
 * David Jones (video game developer) (born 1966), Scottish video game programmer and entrepreneur
 * David Jones (writer), creator of the television series Fireman Sam
 * Dai Jones (David John Jones, 1943–2022), Welsh television presenter and radio broadcaster
 * David Annwn Jones (born 1953), Anglo-Welsh poet, critic and teacher
 * David Elwyn Jones (1945–2003), Welsh writer, politician, and poet
 * David R. Jones (journalist) (born 1932 (age 40)), American journalist, winner of two Gerald Loeb Awards.
 * David R. Jones (biologist) (1941–2010), British-born biologist, moved to Canada in 1969
 * David Watkin Jones, Welsh poet, historian and geologist

Business

 * David B. Jones (1848–1923), American president and chairman of the board of directors of the Mineral Point Zinc Company
 * David Jones (merchant) (1793–1873), Welsh-Australian department store founder
 * David Jones (advertising executive) (born 1966), English born businessman

Military

 * David Jones (VC) (1892–1916), English recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * David M. Jones (1913–2008), U.S. Air Force major general, one of Doolittle's Raiders
 * David C. Jones (1921–2013), U.S. Air Force general, chairman Joints Chief of Staff
 * David Rumph Jones (1825–1863), Confederate general

Canada

 * David Jones (Upper Canada politician) (1792–1870), lawyer, judge and political figure
 * David Ford Jones (1818–1887), Ontario manufacturer and political figure

United Kingdom

 * David Jones (Carmarthenshire MP) (1810–1869), Welsh banker and Conservative Party politician
 * David Jones (Clwyd West MP) (born 1952), Conservative Party MP, former AM and Welsh Secretary
 * D. T. Jones (David Thomas Jones, 1899–1963), Labour Party Member of Parliament for Hartlepool, 1945–1959
 * David Brynmor Jones (1851–1921), barrister, historian and Liberal Member of Parliament

United States

 * David C. Jones (1921–2013), chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
 * David W. Jones (1815–1879), secretary of state of Wisconsin
 * David P. Jones (1860–1927), two-time mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota
 * Dave Jones (politician) (born 1962), California insurance commissioner

Elsewhere

 * David Jones (New Zealand politician) (1873–1941), New Zealand politician
 * David Jones (Guernsey politician) (1949–2016), Minister of Housing in Guernsey, Channel Islands
 * David Ivon Jones (1883–1924), Welsh Communist, newspaper editor, and political prisoner in South Africa

Religion

 * David Jones (Llangan) (1736–1810), Welsh Church of England priest who was supportive of Methodism
 * David Jones (missionary) (1796–1841), Welsh missionary in Madagascar
 * David Bevan Jones (1807–1863), Welsh Baptist minister
 * David Evan Jones (missionary) (1870–1947), Welsh missionary in Mizoram, India
 * David Jones (Dean of Llandaff) (1870–1949), Dean of Llandaff Cathedral
 * David Jones (archdeacon of Carmarthen) (1874–1950), Archdeacon of Carmarthen
 * David Colin Jones (born 1943), American bishop

Science, engineering and academia

 * David A. Jones (active since 1995), head of the National Climate Centre at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology
 * David Dallas Jones (1887–1956), president of Bennett College in Greensboro, North Carolina and brother of Robert Elijah Jones
 * David E. H. Jones (1938–2017), best known as Daedalus, British writer and scientist
 * David James Jones (1886–1947), Welsh philosopher and academic
 * David Lewis Jones (1945–2010), Welsh historian and librarian
 * David L. Jones (botanist) (born 1944), Australian horticultural botanist
 * David L. Jones (video blogger) (active since 2009), Australian electronic engineer and blogger
 * David Wyn Jones (born 1950), British musicologist
 * David R. Jones (biologist) (1941–2010), recipient of Flavelle Medal
 * David T. Jones (scientist) (David Tudor Jones, born 1966), professor of bioinformatics

American football

 * David Jones (Browns owner), majority owner of the Cleveland Browns from 1953 to 1961
 * David Jones (Cardinals owner) (1883–1966), American football team owner for the Chicago Cardinals
 * David Jones (cornerback) (born 1985), American football player
 * David Jones (offensive lineman) (born 1961), American football player for the Washington Redskins
 * David Jones (safety) (born 1993), American football player; see 2017 New England Patriots season
 * David Jones (tight end) (born 1968), American football player for the Los Angeles Raiders
 * Dave Jones (American football) (born 1947), American football player
 * Deacon Jones (David D. Jones, 1938–2013), American football player

Association football

 * Dave Jones (footballer, born 1932), Welsh footballer
 * Dave Jones (footballer, born 1956), English footballer and manager
 * David Jones (footballer, born 1910) (1910–1971), Welsh international footballer
 * David Jones (football defender, born 1914) (1914–1988), Welsh footballer
 * David Jones (football goalkeeper, born 1914) (1914–1999), Welsh footballer
 * David Jones (footballer, born 1935) (1935–2014), English footballer
 * David Jones (footballer, born 1936), Welsh footballer
 * David Jones (footballer, born 1940) (1940–2013), English footballer
 * David Jones (footballer, born 1950), English footballer for York City
 * David Jones (footballer, born 1952), Welsh international footballer

 * David Jones (soccer, born 1955), Australian association footballer
 * David Jones (footballer, born 1964), English footballer
 * David Jones (footballer, born 1984), English footballer
 * Dai Jones (footballer, born 1941), Welsh footballer
 * Di Jones (1866–1902), Welsh footballer

Rugby

 * David Jones (rugby, born 1881) (1881–1933), rugby union and rugby league footballer
 * David Phillips Jones (1881–1936), rugby union footballer
 * David Jones (rugby, born 1900) (1900–1968), rugby union and rugby league footballer of the 1920s
 * David Jones (Welsh rugby), rugby league footballer of the 1960s
 * Dafydd Jones (born 1979), rugby union footballer for Wales, and (Llanelli) Scarlets

Other sports

 * David Jones (runner) (1940–2023), British sprinter and Olympic bronze medallist
 * David Jones (darts player) (1949–1995), Welsh darts player
 * David Jones (ice hockey) (born 1984), Canadian ice hockey player for the Minnesota Wild
 * David Jones (golfer) (born 1947), Northern Irish professional golfer
 * David Jones (cricketer, born 1914) (1914–1998), English cricketer
 * David Jones (cricketer, born 1920) (1920–1990), Welsh cricketer
 * David Jones (sailor) (born 1940), sailor from United States Virgin Islands
 * David Jones (sport shooter) (born 1977), Australian sports shooter
 * Dai St. John (David Jones, 1879–1899), Welsh heavyweight boxer
 * David R. Jones (golfer), English golfer and winner of the 1991 Zambia Open
 * David Jones (table tennis), English table tennis player
 * Dave Jones (volleyball) (born 1959), Canadian volleyball player

Other people

 * David Jones (barrister) (1765–1816), Welsh barrister
 * David Jones (railway) (1834–1906), locomotive superintendent of the Highland Railway in Scotland
 * David R. Jones (organizer) (1938–1998), Charles Edison Memorial Youth Fund co-founder
 * David R. Jones (architect) (1832–1915), Welsh-American architect and poet
 * David Lloyd Jones (architect) (born 1942), in London
 * David Lloyd Jones, Lord Lloyd-Jones (born 1952), British Supreme Court judge
 * David Thomas Jones (administrator) (1866–1931), British administrator and author
 * David Jones (died 1872), lynching victim

Other uses

 * David Robert Jones (Fringe), fictional character of the science-fiction television series
 * David Jones (department store) (founded 1838), a chain of department stores in Australia
 * David Jones (album), a 1965 album by Davy Jones

title: David Jones


text:
The Groundlings

The Groundlings is an American improvisational and sketch comedy troupe and school based in Los Angeles, California. The troupe was formed by Gary Austin in 1974 and uses an improv format influenced by Viola Spolin, whose improv techniques were taught by Del Close and other members of the Second City, located in Chicago and later St. Louis. They used these techniques to produce sketches and improvised scenes. Its name is taken from Shakespeare's Hamlet, Act III, Scene II: "...to split the ears of the groundlings, who for the most part are capable of nothing but inexplicable dumbshows and noise." In 1975 the troupe purchased and moved into its location on Melrose Avenue.

The Groundlings School holds sessions every six weeks with over 300 students per session, with more than 2,000 students per year going through the program. The competitive program, with admission by audition, consists of five levels (Basic, Intermediate, Advanced Improv, Writing Lab, and Advanced Writing Lab). Participants must satisfy instructors' requirements in order to advance from the first three levels. For Writing Lab and Advanced Writing Lab, students are voted on by then-current members of the Main Company as to whether they will move on. This vote is based on the students writing and performing Groundlings style sketch shows.

The program can take several years to complete. Students may be asked to repeat Basic and Intermediate classes multiple times. Upon completion of Advanced Writing Lab, students may be voted into the Sunday Company, where they may remain for no more than 18 months. (Sunday Company members are cast for six months at a time, and can be voted into Sunday Company for a maximum of three six-month periods.) Sunday Company members are eligible to be voted into Main Company (or "The Groundlings") at the end of each six month term of Sunday Company.

Many Groundlings performers appeared in movies and television, including several who have become cast members and writers on Saturday Night Live, MADtv, Reno 911!, and the G4 network while also being active on the internet, mainly YouTube.

History
In 1972, Gary Austin (a veteran of San Francisco's The Committee) assembled a group of performers in Los Angeles to work on their craft. They would improvise, perform monologues, scenes, characters, songs, dances, and classic plays. After about a year, they started doing performances and inviting friends to come and watch. Word got out about the workshop, more people started coming, and a core group of performers began to showcase their material at various venues around Hollywood. In January 1974, Austin announced that he wanted to create a theatre company. There were fifty founding members of the company (membership at that time required payment of $25 to attend workshops). They developed material in the workshops and performed the best pieces in the weekend shows. The group produced its first show in the 30-seat basement of the Oxford Theatre (now The Met) near the corner of Santa Monica Boulevard and Western Avenue. Los Angeles Times theatre critic Sylvie Drake was in the audience the first weekend, and wrote a rave review. As the buzz about the new company increased, the entertainment industry started taking notice. Comedian Lily Tomlin was a regular in the audience, and she hired several Groundlings to perform on her The Lily Tomlin Show. Later that year Lorne Michaels, who produced Tomlin's TV special, asked Groundling Laraine Newman to be a cast member for Saturday Night Live. Membership in the company grew to 90. To keep the size of the company down, it required selection by audition. Phil Hartman, then a graphic designer, tried out in the first audition. He was accepted, but due to competition, he had to wait more than a year before starting to perform in shows. With such a large company, workshops seven days a week, and sold-out shows going up three nights a weekend, the Groundlings needed a place to call their own.

The Groundlings School of improvisation began in 1978 with 17 students and staff members Gary Austin, Tom Maxwell, Phyllis Katz, Laraine Newman, and Tracy Newman. In the 21st century, it has an annual enrollment of more than 4200 students. The Sunday Company was formed by Suzanne Kent in 1982 to further develop the talent coming through the school. In 1975 the company acquired what became The Groundlings Theatre at 7307 Melrose Avenue (the building was previously used as an interior decorator's studio, a furniture showroom, a gay bar, and a massage parlor). Through equity and with the use of their own funds, company members set out to modernize the building and convert it into a performance space. They battled through four years of red tape, building codes, and parking restrictions before producing any shows on the stage. During that time the Groundlings performed their revues at a handful of theaters all over town, including The Improv, The Matrix, The Hollywood Canteen, and the White House. Finally in April 1979, the revitalized 99-seat theater opened its doors to audiences. In November 1979, Gary Austin stepped down from his position as artistic director. Tom Maxwell was elected as his successor, and he served for the next ten years. In 1989, the Groundlings began the enduring tradition of having Groundlings or Groundlings alumni direct each new revue. The Main Company of no more than 30 members, collectively makes artistic, business and creative decisions. In April 2017 the Groundlings paid tribute to passing of their founder, Gary Austin, by gathering at the theatre and laying flowers at his plaque.

Operations
Students must pass an audition to get into the Basic class. If a student passes the audition, their results are valid for one year. If a student does not pass the audition, they are allowed to audition again in four months. Students are allowed to audition a total of three times.

After completing the Advanced Lab level, a student may be voted into the Sunday Company, which performs every Sunday at 7:30pm. During this time, students write, rehearse and perform new material every week. After six months of performing in the Sunday Company, students are either voted to remain in the company for another six months, voted to be dismissed from the school, or voted into the Main Company, also known as The Groundlings. No one can stay in the Sunday Company for longer than 18 months nor less than six months.

All members of the Main Company are selected from members of the Sunday Company. All of the Main Company members can remain in the company for as long as they desire. Usually members do not stay for longer than a decade; most of the Groundlings retire sooner from the company. The Main Company (capped at no more than 30 members at any time) collectively acts as the organization's artistic director, democratically making business and creative decisions as a group.

Shows
The Groundlings Revues (now commonly referred to as the Main Shows) were the first shows performed by the company and they established the Groundlings improv, character, and sketch comedy style. In 1981, the revue was given a title, "L.A. 200, Groundlings 3". Since that time every revue has had its own name, and has the word "Groundling" in the title. Initially one or two revues were performed in a year, increasing to three by the 1990s, and four in 2007, in addition to a special holiday show in December. Main Shows are performed every Friday at 8:00 p.m. and every Saturday at 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m.

In 1992, Melanie Graham created Cookin With Gas, a weekly short form improv show performed by Groundlings, Groundlings Alumni, Sunday Company members, and special celebrity guests. The show continues to be performed every Thursday night at 8:00 p.m., and is now the longest running improv show in Los Angeles. It was followed in 2001 by the long-form improv Crazy Uncle Joe Show, which runs every Wednesday night at 8:00 p.m.

Creation of The Pee-wee Herman Show
Beginning in 1981, the company added alternative format shows to the theatre's regular line-up. The first one was The Pee-wee Herman Show, created and co-written by Paul Reubens as a showcase for his Pee-wee Herman character, which he created in Groundlings workshops and revues. Pee-wee and his friends (played by and co-written by other Groundlings including Phil Hartman, Lynne Marie Stewart, John Paragon, Edie McClurg, and John Moody) started performing Saturdays at midnight, after the regular revues. Quickly the show became a huge LA hit; it moved to The Roxy Theatre on Sunset Blvd and was filmed for an HBO special. In the following years, Pee-wee became a pop culture icon; films, toys, and a children's television show were created about the character. An updated revival of the original stage show (with many of the Groundlings reprising their roles) had a successful run in Los Angeles' Nokia Theatre and in New York on Broadway at the Stephen Sondheim Theatre on November 11, 2010. The production was filmed for another HBO Special.

In popular culture
Groundlings cast on Saturday Night Live and Mad TV have often adapted their sketches and characters developed at the Groundlings into TV audience favorites. Former members of the Groundlings have further developed such materials into shows and films, such as Pee-wee's Big Adventure, Pee-wee's Playhouse, Elvira, Mistress of the Dark, A Night at the Roxbury, and Romy and Michele's High School Reunion. In 1998, the Groundlings were given an improv television program on the F/X network called Instant Comedy with The Groundlings. In September 2008, the Groundlings began producing short-form sketch episodes for Crackle.

On September 12, 2011, the Groundlings featured a sketch titled "Resting Bitch Face" (written by Patric Cagle, co-starring Nate Clark, and directed by Mitch Silpa). The sketch was uploaded to YouTube on October 11 and performed repeatedly during fall of the same year.

The film Bridesmaids was written by Groundlings alum Kristen Wiig and Annie Mumolo and featured a cast consisting heavily of members of the Groundlings, including Melissa McCarthy, Maya Rudolph, Wendi McLendon-Covey, and others in supporting roles. The movie was a box office success and nominated for two Academy Awards. In the same year, Groundlings Jim Rash and Nat Faxon won the Best Adapted Screenplay Oscar for The Descendants.

David Blaine Street Magic
In 2006, the Groundlings recorded a skit called David Blaine Street Magic performed in the alleyway behind the theater. After being uploaded to YouTube, it has become one of the most popular videos on the website. As of October 2014, the video has had more than 38 million views and 60,000 comments since October 12, 2006. The skit stars Mitch Silpa parodying David Blaine in both the topics of Blaine's performances and his mannerisms. The skit is written by Michael Naughton and Mikey Day who play the two innocent bystanders in the video.

Current Main Company
• Ashley Bell

• Erin Berry

• Lauren Burns

• Alex Bonifer

• Michael Churven

• Matt Cook

• David Crabb

• H. Michael Croner

• Samantha DeSurra

• Allison Dunbar

• Josh Duvendeck

• Chris Eckert

• Julian Gant

• Ryan Gaul

• Anthony Guerino

• Patty Guggenheim

• Kiel Kennedy

• Chris Kleckner

• Andrew Leeds

• Lyric Lewis

• Kara Morgan

• Andres Parada

• Emily Pendergast

• Jessica Pohly

• Ashley Padilla

• Jay Renshaw

• Chase Rosenberg

• Leonard Robinson

• Elliot Schwartz

• Tru Valentino

• Greg Worswick

Notable Main Company alumni
• Mark Atkinson

• Tim Bagley

• Jillian Bell

• Mary Kay Bergman

• Patrick Bristow

• Maryedith Burrell

• Jim Cashman

• Jennifer Coolidge

• Stephanie Courtney

• Mikey Day

• Christian Duguay

• Ben Falcone

• Will Ferrell

• Will Forte

• Daniele Gaither

• Heidi Gardner

• Ana Gasteyer

• GloZell

• Kathy Griffin

• Rachael Harris

• Phil Hartman

• Sandy Helberg

• Cheryl Hines

• Michael Hitchcock

• Jan Hooks

• Alex Kapp Horner

• Chris Kattan

• John Kilduff

• Kip King

• Lisa Kudrow

• Phil LaMarr

• Jon Lovitz

• Tress MacNeille

• Melissa McCarthy

• Edie McClurg

• Michael McDonald

• Wendi McLendon-Covey

• Pat Morita

• Annie Mumolo

• Craig T. Nelson

• Laraine Newman

• Cheri Oteri

• John Paragon

• Chris Parnell

• Edi Patterson

• Cassandra Peterson

• Rachel Ramras

• Jim Rash

• Paul Reubens

• Jeremy Rowley

• Maya Rudolph

• Kevin Ruf

• Mary Scheer

• Glenn Shadix

• Mindy Sterling

• Julia Sweeney

• Cynthia Szigeti

• Judy Toll

• Brooke Totman

• B. J. Ward

• Kristen Wiig

• Jim Wise

Notable school and Sunday Company alumni
• J. J. Abrams

• Cecily Adams

• Steve Agee

• Joey Arias

• James Adomian

• Tyra Banks

• Adam Carolla

• Calico Cooper

• Eliza Coupe

• Abby Elliott

• Jimmy Fallon

• Chloe Fineman

• Bob Flanagan

• Craig Taro Gold

• Daryl Hannah

• Mariska Hargitay

• Echo Kellum

• Chase Masterson

• Tim Matheson

• Heather McDonald

• Lee Newton

• Eryn Jean Norvill

• Oscar Nuñez

• Conan O'Brien

• Kaitlin Olson

• Nasim Pedrad

• Joe Ranft

• Stephen Rannazzisi

• Lou Romano

• Mike Schwartz

• Dax Shepard

• Sherri Stoner

• Nancy Sullivan

• C. C. Swiney

• Michelle Thomas

• Rita Wilson

• Vanessa Taylor

• Fortune Feimster

• Tom Segura

title: The Groundlings


text:
Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia

Chestnut Hill is a neighborhood in the Northwest Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for the high incomes of its residents and high real estate values, as well as its private schools.

Boundaries
Chestnut Hill is bounded as follows:
 * on the northwest by Northwestern Avenue (a county line and city limit, beyond which lies a panhandle of Springfield Township, Montgomery County that juts into Whitemarsh Township);
 * on the west by the Wissahickon Gorge (part of the Fairmount Park system) (beyond which lie Upper Roxborough and Andorra);
 * on the northeast by Stenton Avenue (a county line and city limit, beyond which lie Erdenheim and Wyndmoor, both in Springfield Township); and
 * on the southeast by the Cresheim Valley (part of Fairmount Park) (beyond which lies Mount Airy).

ZIP code
The USPS does not officially correlate neighborhood names to Philadelphia ZIP codes (all are called simply "Philadelphia" or "Phila"). However, the 19118 ZIP code is almost entirely coterminous with the cultural-consensus boundaries of Chestnut Hill.

History
The village of Chestnut Hill was part of the German Township laid out by Francis Daniel Pastorius and came to include the settlements originally known as Sommerhausen and Crefeld, as well as part of Cresheim. It served as a gateway between Philadelphia and the nearby farmlands. During the American Revolutionary War era (late 18th century), the area was one of many summer vacation spots due to its higher elevation, 400–500 feet (120 to 150 m) above sea level, and cooler temperatures than the historic Center City. Chestnut Hill is still stereotypically known as one of the more affluent sections of Philadelphia. However, there are many residents who fall within lower/middle class incomes.

Chestnut Hill (along with many other towns and farmlands of Philadelphia County) became part of the City of Philadelphia in 1854 as part of the Act of Consolidation, when the County and the City became completely coterminous. In the same year, the Chestnut Hill Railroad (Chestnut Hill East Line) opened, making an easy commute to and from Center City. In 1884, a second railway line was added by the Philadelphia, Germantown and Chestnut Hill Railroad (Connecting Railway).

During the American Civil War, Chestnut Hill was home to Mower U.S. Army General Hospital, constructed to serve Union army soldiers.

From the mid-19th century through the mid-20th, the neighborhood served as both a "railroad suburb" and a "streetcar suburb" of Center City; although it was part of Philadelphia, it was a leafy outlying part functioning as a bedroom community. The neighborhood contains a wide variety of 19th and early 20th century residential buildings by many of the most prominent Philadelphia architects.

In 1985, the neighborhood was designated as the Chestnut Hill Historic Distric with the National Register of Historic Places. Citing its natural resources, architectural character, and thoughtful planning, the American Planning Association has recognized it among its Great Places in America.

Historic and notable architecture
The Chestnut Hill listings on the National Register of Historic Places:
 * Anglecot (1883), designed by Wilson Eyre.
 * Chestnut Hill Historic District
 * Druim Moir Historic District, includes Romanesque Revival mansion (1883–86), designed by G. W. & W. D. Hewitt.
 * Graver's Lane Station (1883), designed by Frank Furness.
 * John Story Jenks School (1922), designed by Irwin T. Catharine.
 * Thomas Mill Bridge (across the Wissahickon Creek, the only traditional covered bridge in Philadelphia).
 * Wissahickon Inn (now Chestnut Hill Academy) (1883–84), designed by G. W. & W. D. Hewitt.
 * The Maragret Esherick House, designed by architect Louis Kahn (1959-1962), added to Register 2023.

Other historic and notable properties include:
 * High Hollow, The George Howe House (1914–17), designed by George Howe
 * Inglewood Cottage (1850), designed by Thomas Ustick Walter
 * Esherick House (1961), designed by Louis Kahn
 * Vanna Venturi House (1962–64), designed by Robert Venturi

Public transportation
Public transportation in southeastern Pennsylvania, which includes Philadelphia and the surrounding counties, is provided by SEPTA, the region's mass transit authority.

Regional rail (commuter rail)
Two SEPTA Regional Rail commuter train lines serve Chestnut Hill: the Chestnut Hill East Line and Chestnut Hill West Line.

Buses
Chestnut Hill is served by SEPTA bus routes from both the City Transit Division (23, 77 and L) and the Suburban Division (94 and 97).

Trolleys
Trams in the southeastern Pennsylvania region are known as trolleys. The trolley network of this region was very extensive prior to World War II, but has shrunk since that era. Chestnut Hill was formerly served by trolleys. Trolley service to Chestnut Hill began in 1894, and trolley tracks still run down the Belgian-block-paved main street of the neighborhood, Germantown Avenue, which was served by SEPTA Route 23. SEPTA "temporarily suspended" regular trolley service in 1992. From 1992 until 1996, weekend-only service ran between Chestnut Hill and Mount Airy, re-branded The "Chestnut Hill Trolley." Sporadic trolley charter trips ran down Germantown Avenue and into North Philadelphia until 2003.

In 2010, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation completed work on restoring segments of the trolley infrastructure and streetscape in Chestnut Hill, Mount Airy and Germantown. As of 2011, SEPTA spokespeople publicly state that there are no plans to reinstate trolley service on Route 23, despite claims to the contrary in their annual capital budget reports. The dismantling of Route 23 infrastructure is unpopular with a large segment of local residents.

Colleges and universities

 * Chestnut Hill College

Public education
Residents are zoned to schools in the School District of Philadelphia. Students in grades kindergarten through 8 are zoned to John Story Jenks School, while students in grades 9 through 12 are zoned to Roxborough High School.

Students were previously zoned to Germantown High School.

Private education
Chestnut Hill is home to several private schools. The Pre-K-12 Springside Chestnut Hill Academy, educates single-sex Pre-K-8 and coed 9–12, formed in 2010 through the merger of Springside School and Chestnut Hill Academy. Other private schools in Chestnut Hill are The Crefeld School (7-12), and the K-8 Norwood-Fontbonne Academy. Nearby private schools in adjacent neighborhoods that attract some Chestnut Hill residents include Germantown Friends School, William Penn Charter School, and Germantown Academy.

Public libraries
Free Library of Philadelphia operates the Chestnut Hill Branch at 8711 Germantown Avenue.

Parks, arboretums, and recreation

 * Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania
 * Pastorius Park
 * Wissahickon Valley Park of the Fairmount Park system

The community previously held the Chestnut Hill Harry Potter Festival, but in 2018 the event was canceled since the copyright owners cracked down on for-profit uses of the brand. In 2017 there were 50,000 attendees to that year's 7th annual event.

In 2019, the festival resumed as the Witches & Wizards Festival.

Other notable civic institutions

 * Philadelphia Cricket Club
 * Wissahickon Skating Club
 * Woodmere Art Museum

Notable people

 * R. Tucker Abbott, malacologist and author
 * Willie Anderson, golfer, winner of four U.S. Opens
 * E. Digby Baltzell, author and sociologist
 * Maud Banks, tennis player
 * Francis Bohlen (1868–1942), Algernon Sydney Biddle professor of law at the University of Pennsylvania Law School
 * James Bond, ornithologist; namesake of Ian Fleming's fictional secret agent
 * Adolph E. Borie merchant, civil war financier, Secretary of the Navy
 * Joseph S. Clark, former U.S. senator from Pennsylvania and former mayor of Philadelphia
 * Joe Daley, professional golfer
 * Richardson Dilworth, former mayor of Philadelphia
 * George Gordon Meade Easby, great-grandson of General George Meade
 * Philo Taylor Farnsworth, (August 19, 1906 – March 11, 1971) was an inventor and television pioneer
 * Melissa Fitzgerald, actress
 * William J. Green, III, former mayor of Philadelphia
 * Albert M. Greenfield, businessman, political activist, and philanthropist
 * Henry H. Houston, railroad businessman and developer
 * W. Thacher Longstreth, former City Councilman At-Large
 * Alexander Lawton Mackall, journalist, editor, and gastronomic expert
 * David Morse, actor
 * George M. Ottinger, artist
 * Alec Ounsworth, musician (born 1977)
 * Georges Perrier, former resident and celebrity chef, and former owner and chef at Le Bec Fin, and several other restaurants in Philadelphia.
 * Christopher Stuart Patterson (born 1842), Dean of the University of Pennsylvania Law School
 * Alan Porter, Major League Baseball umpire
 * Henry C. Pitz, Illustrator
 * Frank Rizzo, former police commissioner of Philadelphia and former mayor of Philadelphia
 * Brian L. Roberts, CEO of Comcast Corporation
 * Witold Rybczynski, architect and urban policy scholar
 * Hugh Scott, U.S. Congressman and senator
 * Denise Scott Brown, architect
 * Frederick Winslow Taylor, engineer, management theorist, and consultant
 * Marcus Tracy, professional soccer player with Danish club AaB
 * Pearl Van Sciver, artist
 * Robert Venturi, architect

title: Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia


text:
Allan MacNab

Sir Allan Napier MacNab, 1st Baronet (19 February 1798 – 8 August 1862) was a Canadian political leader, land speculator and property investor, lawyer, soldier, and militia commander who served in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada twice (representing a different county - Wentworth and Hamilton - each time), the Legislative Assembly for the Province of Canada once, and served as joint Premier of the Province of Canada from 1854 to 1856. MacNab was "likely the largest land speculator in Upper Canada during his time" as mentioned both in his official biography in retrospect and in 1842 by Sir Charles Bagot.

MacNab was a member of the Family Compact in Upper Canada. He briefly shared a military regiment (the 49th Regiment of Foot) with another member (James FitzGibbon) in the War of 1812. MacNab was left out of the regiment following regimental cuts after the War of 1812, and found employment in the law office of another Family Compact members grandfather - George D'Arcy Boulton (aka D'Arcy Boulton Sr.)

Early life
He was born in Newark (now Niagara-on-the-Lake) to Allan MacNab and Anne Napier (daughter of Captain Peter William Napier, R.N., the commissioner of the port and harbour of Quebec). When MacNab was a one year old, he was baptized in the Anglican church in St. Mark's Parish of Newark. His father was a lieutenant in the 71st Regiment and the Queen's Rangers under Lt-Col. John Graves Simcoe. After the Queen's Rangers were disbanded, the family moved around the country in search of work and eventually settled in York (now Toronto), where MacNab was educated at the Home District Grammar School.

War of 1812
As a fourteen-year-old boy, MacNab fought in the War of 1812. He probably served at the Battle of York and certainly in the Canadian forlorn hope that headed the Anglo-Canadian assault on Fort Niagara. The twenty local men eliminated two American pickets of twenty men each with the bayonet before taking part in the final assault. Captain Kerby, of the Incorporated Militia Battalion, was reportedly the first man into the fort.

Legal and business career
After his service in the War of 1812, MacNab studied law in Toronto under (at the time) Judge George D'Arcy Boulton, where MacNab "took nearly twice the average time to qualify at the bar was a result of his inadequate education and his preference for active work". MacNab was admitted to the bar in 1824, and called to the bar in 1826. In 1826, MacNab moved from York to Hamilton, where he established a successful law office, but it was chiefly by land speculation that he made his fortune. There was no Anglican church in Hamilton yet, so MacNab attended a Presbyterian church until Christ Church was established in 1835.

A successful entrepreneur as well as politician, MacNab, with Glasgow merchant Peter Buchanan, was responsible for the construction of the Great Western Railway of Ontario. MacNab also served on several boards, including as a board member of the Beacon Fire and Life Insurance Co. of London alongside prominent financier Thomas Clarkson.

Following an amount of "liberal credit" rewarded from the Bank of Upper Canada regarding legislative assistance given by MacNab, and his own cash reserves, MacNab sought to own land. By May 1832, MacNab owned "some 2000 acres of wild land in London, Gore, and Newcastle districts". The amount increased and by 1835 MacNab had "cornered much of the best land in the centre of expanding Hamilton". MacNab's land holdings fluctuated often, and their total value at any one time is unknown, but in a suggestion of just how massive the amounts of land and sales were, Charles Bagot stated in 1842 that MacNab was "a huge proprietor of land - perhaps the largest in the country". This is stated in MacNab's biography as "probably true".

MacNab's land purchases (especially in the early 1830s) placed financial strain on MacNab initially, but proved to be worth it in the long run. In one scenario, MacNab purchased a piece of land in November 1832 located in Burlington Heights from J. S. Cartwright for 2500 pounds - 500 more than MacNab wanted - where MacNab saw the "symbol of his social aspirations" built: the opulent and luxury 72-room Dundurn Castle. On the day of the sale for the land, between 5000 and 10000 pounds of fire damage ravaged MacNab's Hamilton projects.

MacNab could prove to be unethical but effective with his business career: case in point is MacNab being some three years behind in payments for an extremely important creditor named Samuel Peters Jarvis, and after some three years time MacNab stated he would not pay Jarvis back for this credit as Jarvis "owed MacNab for past services". Whether this is true or not is unknown, but Jarvis simply stated MacNab as one word for this - villain.

Upper Canada Rebellion, 1837
Before the Rebellion broke out, MacNab argued for increased American immigration as "they are a useful and enterprising people and if admitted would be of great advantage to the country" in 1837. Again before the Rebellion, MacNab was appointed as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 4th Regiment of the Gore militia in May 1830, partly through the influence of the Chisholm family of Oakville.

MacNab opposed the reform movement in Upper Canada that was led by William Lyon Mackenzie. When Mackenzie led the Upper Canada Rebellion in 1837, MacNab was part of the force of British regular troops and Upper Canada militia that moved against Mackenzie at Montgomery's Tavern in Toronto on 7 December, dispersing Mackenzie's rebels in less than an hour.

MacNab in turn for the victory at Montgomery's Tavern was awarded sole command of troops sent to London District by Lieutenant Governor Sir Francis Bond Head and led a militia of his own against the rebels marching towards Toronto from London, led by Charles Duncombe. Duncombe's men also dispersed when they learned that MacNab was waiting for them, but the quality of MacNab's leadership was nonetheless regarded as "mixed". There were "extreme problems" in communication, procuring supplies, and controlling the volunteers, along with MacNab ignoring basic operational procedures. MacNab was given 250 troops but ultimately had some 1500 men assembled total, as MacNab argued "as early as December 14".

Mackenzie fled to the United States following his defeat at the Battle of Montgomery's Tavern on 7 December, and return to Canada on 13 December, occupying Navy island, with increased American sympathy. MacNab was dispatched by Sir Bond Head on Christmas Day (25 December 1837) to command the troops in Niagara with support from both naval forces and regular officers. MacNab saw himself alternating between "drilling or dining" for about 4 to 5 days as "supplies and billeting were inadequate and orders were vague" regarding command centers in Toronto and Montreal. Moreover, there were contradictory reports coming to both Head and MacNab regarding the amount of American supplies and the strength and morale of Mackenzie's new rebel force, and Head refused to sanction Navy island but offered no other alternatives. There were some 2000 raw and reckless volunteers amassed as troops by 29 December 29.

29 December proved to be important to MacNab as two attacks happened against Mackenzie's forces on 29 December under MacNab's command: a dawn attack and a dusk attack. The first attack proved how little discipline the officers had under MacNab, how little control MacNab had over them, and how weak the line of command was, and the second attack showed how reckless MacNab could be if his position as "commander" was stood up. The dawn (first) attack was not sanctioned or ordered by MacNab and was the result of a group of particularly bibulous officers and the event nearly ended in disaster. The second (dusk) attack however both ended in disaster and was the result of MacNab's order. MacNab and Captain Andrew Drew, a retired officer of the Royal Navy, commanding a party of militia, acting on information and guidance from Alexander McLeod, attacked Mackenzie's supply ship at Navy Island, an American ship called the Caroline. The sinking of the SS Caroline happened in American waters and saw an American citizen killed - the stakes became raised and the reaction was swift and immediate. The event became known as the Caroline affair. The affair saw MacNab indicted for murder in Erie County, New York, and subsequently replaced by Colonel Hughes, taking MacNab's post of Commander in Niagara. However, before leaving the frontier MacNab protested that Hughes would be the one to receive "all the credit" whilst MacNab and the militia had done "all the drudgery". Later, MacNab quitted the Niagara frontier on 14 January 1838. There were some 3500 troops amassed only four days before. On the evening of 14 January, Mackenzie and his force slipped off the island and Hughes (MacNab's replacement) was occupying Navy island as MacNab was lobbying in Toronto for his command position back.

During the Rebellions, MacNab appreciated "degrees of involvement" with rebel forces in that he jailed "only the rebel leaders" under his own initiative and saw the "common followers" of the rebels as people who were "deceived", even promising clemency to some. MacNab also shared a common philosophy in his own troops, believing that officers earn the respect of their subordinates "not only through courage in war but also by tempering strict justice with kindness and approachability off the battlefield".

In 1838, Macnab was knighted for his zeal in suppressing the rebellion.

In 1860, Macnab was appointed an honorary colonel in the British army, and aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria.

Political career

MacNab represented Hamilton in Parliament from 1830 until his death in 1862, first in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada (1830–1840), then in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada (1841–1860), and finally in the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada representing the Western Division (1860–1862). He was joint Premier of the province from 1854 to 1856.

In 1829, MacNab refused to testify before a House of Assembly committee which was investigating the hanging of an effigy of Lieutenant Governor Sir John Colborne, chaired by Reformer W. W. Baldwin. MacNab was subsequently sentenced to jail for 10 days by the House of Assembly, following apparent "prodding" from William Lyon Mackenzie. MacNab returned to the public as a "Tory martyr", and effectively utilized/exploited this image to defeat the Reformers in Wentworth County and secure the political victory for both he and John Willson.

In April 1833, MacNab secured the appointment of the land registrar of Wentworth for his brother David Archibald. This was important as whoever controlled this office could “quietly acquire choice and undeveloped land in the Wentworth are without a need for a public auction”. This benefitted MacNab as a land speculator as "he had gained a seemingly impregnable hold over Wentworth’s land development and, as a result, a firm grip on the county’s commercial and political future" due to appointing his brother.

MacNab came under public scrutiny when he was ousted as president of the Desjardins Canal Company in 1834, after having mortgaged a large block of personal land as security for a government loan to the company in 1832.

MacNab committed a breach of privilege and was arrested by the sergeant-at-arms during the 10th Parliament of Upper Canada after a motion by the legislative assembly. MacNab retaliated by seconding a motion in December 1831 which was accusing William Lyon Mackenzie of breach of privilege and motioned for him to be expelled from the house on the grounds of libel. The motion failed after Tory legislators feared the political backlash of supporting an obscure parliamentary privilege. This was the first of five expulsions, MacNab active in all of them.

MacNab acted as a "spearhead" in the political attacks against Mackenzie (because of his involvement in all five expulsions) and this was beneficial for MacNab, causing him to gain power within the Assembly and maintain a solid link with the members of so-called "Tory York". This was beneficial for the Tories in Canada regarding their control of power in the Upper Canadian commercial and economic sectors, as MacNab acted as bridge for all members to communicate with each other, whereas previously there was only "intra-party maneuverings". This "intra-party struggle" was most evident and apparent when it came to banks and land speculation.

MacNab was a "Compact Tory" - a supporter of the Family Compact which had controlled Upper Canada prior to the union of the Canadas. In the first Parliament of the new Province of Canada, he supported the principle of union, but was an opponent of the Governor General, Sydenham, and his policy of creating a government with a broad base of moderate supporters in the Assembly. He opposed the policy of the "Ultra Reformers" to implement responsible government.

MacNab only partly encompassed the Tory ideology in Canada and was not a religious elitist: MacNab supported all denominations (plus Catholics) in having an equal share to the proceeds from the clergy reserves, MacNab often attended a Presbyterian church whilst being Anglican, MacNab married a Catholic in his second marriage, and opposed Orangeman Ogle Robert Gowan partly because of how strong his Protestant stance was.

Although MacNab received the title of "Baronet" through a baronetcy patronage by Sir Edmund Walker Head in July 1856, the action was nearly entirely the result of Head's "sympathetic recommendation" over any sort of rewarded action.

When Parliament met at Montreal, MacNab took apartments there at Donegana's Hotel.

Family
MacNab was married twice. His first wife was Elizabeth Brooke, who died 5 November 1826, possibly of complications following childbirth. Together, they had two children.

He married his second wife, Mary, who died 8 May 1846 and was a Catholic; she was the daughter of John Stuart, Sheriff of the Johnstown District, Ontario. The couple's two daughters, Sophia and Minnie, were raised as Catholics.

The couple's elder daughter, Sophia, was born at Hamilton. She married at Dundurn Castle, Hamilton, on 15 November 1855, William Keppel, Viscount Bury, afterwards the 7th Earl of Albemarle, who died in 1894. Sophia was the mother of Arnold Keppel, 8th Earl of Albemarle (born in London, England, 1 June 1858), and of eight other children. One of her sons, the Honourable Derek Keppel, served as Equerry to The Duke of York after 1893 and was in Canada with His Royal Highness, in 1901 at 53 Lowndes Square, London, S. W., England. Another of her sons, George Keppel, was married to Alice Keppel, a mistress of Edward VII, and great-grandmother of Queen Camilla, wife of Charles III.

Death
MacNab died at his home, Dundurn Castle, in Hamilton. His deathbed conversion to Catholicism caused a furore in the press in the following days. The Toronto Globe and the Hamilton Spectator expressed strong doubts about the conversion, and the Anglican rector of Christ Church declared that MacNab died a Protestant.

However, MacNab's Catholic baptism is recorded at St. Mary's Cathedral in Hamilton, at the hands of John Farrell, Bishop of Hamilton, on 7 August 1862.

When the 12th Chief of Clan Macnab died, he bequeathed all his heirlooms to MacNab, whom he considered the next Chief. When the latter's son was killed in a shooting accident in Canada, the position of Chief of Clan Macnab passed to the Macnabs of Arthurstone.

Legacy
MacNab Street and Sir Allan MacNab Secondary School in Hamilton, Ontario are both named after him.

Dundurn Castle, his stately Italianate style home in Hamilton, is open to the public.

A ship was named Sir Allan MacNab and was sturdily built in Canada but was not altogether designed for speed. The master in 1855 was Captain Cherry, and the tonnage of the ship was 840, then quite large.

title: Allan MacNab


text:
Curt von Bardeleben

Curt Carl Alfred von Bardeleben (4 March 1861 – 31 January 1924) was a German chess master, journalist, and member of the German nobility.

Biography
Curt von Bardeleben started playing chess when he was ten years old and quickly developed into one of the strongest players in Weimar. Originally a student of law, Bardeleben gave it up in order to become a professional chess player. He later quit competitive chess for four years between 1883 and 1887 to complete his law studies. He recorded some fine tournament results, especially in the 1880s and 1890s. Although his later chess career was spotty, he continued to be a strong player. In 1908 he lost a match to future world champion Alexander Alekhine, who described him as "a charming old chap" but also said he lacked the will to win. Bardeleben was married three times in the early 1900s, supposedly to women who wanted his title of nobility. He was described thus by Edward Lasker: "He always wore a black cut-away suit of dubious vintage. Apparently he could never spare enough money to buy a new suit, although I learned one day that at fairly regular intervals he received comparatively large sums – from one to several thousand marks – through the simple expedient of marrying, and shortly after, divorcing, some lady who craved the distinction of his noble name and was willing to pay for it. Unfortunately, when he received his reward, it was usually far exceeded by the amount of the debts he had accumulated since his last divorce. Evil tongues had it that the number of the ladies involved in these brief marital interludes had grown so alarmingly that they could easily have made up a Sultan's harem." Bardeleben tied for first place with Fritz Riemann at Leipzig 1888, tied for first place with Carl August Walbrodt at Kiel 1893, was first at Berlin (SV Centrum) 1897, and tied for first place with Carl Schlechter and Rudolf Swiderski at Coburg 1904. He edited the magazine Deutsche Schachzeitung from 1887 through 1891. Bardeleben seemingly committed suicide by jumping out of a window in 1924. According to one obituary, however, he fell out by accident. His life and death have been cited as an inspiration for the main character in the novel The Defense by Vladimir Nabokov, which was made into the movie The Luzhin Defence.

Game vs. Steinitz
Bardeleben is perhaps best known for the game he lost to the former world champion Wilhelm Steinitz at Hastings 1895, especially because he simply walked out of the tournament room instead of resigning. Although he was sharing the second place in the tournament before this game (7.5 in 9 rounds, Mikhail Chigorin had the lead with 8), he achieved only 4 points in the final 12 rounds. The game against Steinitz:

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Nf6 5. d4 exd4 6. cxd4 Bb4+ 7. Nc3 d5 8. exd5 Nxd5 9. O-O Be6 10. Bg5 Be7 11. Bxd5 Bxd5 12. Nxd5 Qxd5 13. Bxe7 Nxe7 14. Re1 f6 15. Qe2 Qd7 16. Rac1 c6 17. d5 cxd5 18. Nd4 Kf7 19. Ne6 Rhc8 20. Qg4 g6 21. Ng5+ Ke8 22. Rxe7+ Kf8 23. Rf7+ Kg8 24. Rg7+ 1-0

title: Curt von Bardeleben