text:
Talk:Führer

Feminine forms
has reverted my diff so I wanted to discuss the use of the female version - Führerin - in the article. Regarding Hitler, I think it's perfectly appropriate to limit it to the masculine Führer, but we should at least somewhere make a note that the term refers exclusively to men, while e.g. a woman giving a guided museum tour would be a Museumsführerin, not a Museumsführer. The MOS recommends gender-neutral language where practical. This is relevant in particular for the translation of "Parteivorsitzende(r)" in the final section; in Germany, four out of eleven party chairs or co-chairs are women. I'm not sure how best to address this, so I am inviting discussion to form a consensus.-Ich (talk) 13:48, 12 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Please provide evidence from reliable sources that the feminine form is actually used in the real world. The preference for gender-neutral language is trumped (pardon the expression) by actual real-world usage. We report what the real world does. Beyond My Ken (talk) 15:32, 12 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I do not generally oppose the mentioning of female forms, however it seemed to me to be very selective to add this here. If somebody is going to make a huge amendment and mentioning all German female forms, he or she is welcome. But I dislike this kind of being picky. And yes, Führerin is familiar in German, eg Spielführerin and Stadtführerin have zillions of hits. --Nillurcheier (talk) 15:55, 12 January 2021 (UTC)
 * What would you say to one sentence, in the "Modern German usage" section: "As a language with grammatical gender, Führer refers to a male leader; the feminine form is Führerin." and let curious folks click on the link. I adapted part of Gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender as a new section in Grammatical gender in German. What do you think?-Ich (talk) 21:37, 12 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I think being in the body is better than in the lead. Beyond My Ken (talk) 00:28, 13 January 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 23:03, 22 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Advertentie voor Mijn Kamp - Adolf Hitler - Steven Barends - De Amsterdamsche Keurkamer 1939.jpg

Location of the infobox
I would like to ask why it is insisted not to have the infobox at the top of the page. The term Führer is essentially always used in the context of some reference to Hitler or Nazism, and to suggest otherwise is quite frankly ignorant if not deceitful. While it may be argued that the term Führer is used in compound words in the German language this fact is irrelevant as essentially 90% of the article is written about its use in Nazism and association to Hitler, and even the presence of the Nazism sidebar at the top of the page seems to apparently confirm this. Furthermore, while it may also be argued that the term "Führer" predates Hitler, again I point out the fact that this is hardly relevant as once again, the page is largely written about the term's association to Hitler. The page Duce has the infobox located at the top, even though the term "Duce" also predates Mussolini. Unless there is some truly compelling argument for why the infobox should remain lower in the page, I believe it is appropriate to move it to the top. 129.97.125.3 (talk) 20:45, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I suggest that you actually read the article carefully. While it is certainly the case that "Fuhrer" is in this day and age intimately connected to Hitler in the public mind, the term has a complete separate history preceding his use of the term, and this is what the article is primarily about.  Yes, we do cover the Nazi use of it, as we should, and it is given a good percentage of the article, but it's not the primary purpose of the article, which is why the info box concerning Hitler's use is down by the section about the term's use as a political office (Hitler's use of it being the first time it was used as a political office name).  The connection to Nazism is why there's a Nazism navbox at the top (which maybe should be moved down), but that is sufficient. Beyond My Ken (talk) 20:52, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Then why is the same treatment not given to the terms Duce and Poglavnik, both of which are similar to Führer in that they have separate histories unconnected to their use by certain fascist regimes in those countries? If this is the standard that should be used when referring to these political office titles of fascist countries then it should be applied to all pages. Furthermore, I doubt most people coming to the "Führer" page are doing so because they are interested in Georg von Schönerer, but rather because they are interested in Hitler and his usage of the title and the political office as it was in Nazi Germany. Also, I do not see why the Nazism sidebox is to be kept at the top while the infobox should not.
 * 129.97.125.3 (talk) 20:58, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Please see WP:OTHERTHINGSEXIST. Beyond My Ken (talk) 21:01, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * How is that policy relevant in this article? Both articles exist and that's a fact. I don't see why you insist on treating this article differently for some reason. Is there some kind of ulterior motive to doing so? 129.97.125.3 (talk) 21:05, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Also, I do not agree with the removal of the Führer standard and the portrait of Hitler from the infobox. This was the standard as used for the office of the Führer of Nazi Germany and the portrait is included because that is consistent with other similar infoboxes for political offices. I don't see why it is necessary at all to scrub the page clean of pictures of Hitler (and not do the same for the Duce or Poglavnik pages) when the office is clearly associated with Hitler? 129.97.125.3 (talk) 21:01, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Again, while Wikipedia has standards for consistency within articles, there is no standard for consistency between articles. One less swastika and two less pictures of Hitler aren't going to harm Wikipedia or make it less useful for our readers. Beyond My Ken (talk) 21:04, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * And how is the omitting of relevant graphics supposed to make it more useful for people coming to read this page? And again, I would like to point out that most readers are probably coming to the article to read about the political office used by Hitler.  Also "one less swastika and two less pictures of Hitler" on this particular page do not make sense when those are the only graphics in the page about Hitler and the political office. 129.97.125.3 (talk) 21:07, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, and the article will give them all that information, in well-written English-language words. The purpose of images is not to decorate an article, it is to help provide information for the reader. There's nothing in the article which requires displaying a swastika, and no need to remind any reader of what Hitler looks like. Beyond My Ken (talk) 21:09, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * With all due respect this sounds like nothing more than mental gymnastics to somehow justify removing pictures from an article (for what reason???), considering these images are indeed relevant to the article (the standard is relevant as it was the standard of the political office, and the portraits are relevant as they illustrate the most notable bearer of the title as well as a propaganda poster using the name of the title. So indeed there is a "requirement" that the page "display a swastika", because it just so happens that "the swastika" is the flag/standard used by that political office. In fact, most readers know exactly what Hitler looks like before they have read the Adolf Hitler page, so why don't you remove the portrait from that page too?
 * It seems there is no use in convincing you of my reasons. Thus I would like to start a vote on this issue. 129.97.125.3 (talk) 21:13, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I have restored one image which does seem to be pertinent to the use of "Fuhrer".Starting a vote is your choice, but in general some time is given for editors to respond to an existing discussion before a vote is started. Beyond My Ken (talk) 21:19, 14 December 2022 (UTC)

 * I agree with BMK: this page isn't just about the political title, its about the general usage of the word, so it is fitting that the infobox is in the appropriate section, not the article header. CaptainEek Edits Ho Cap'n!⚓ 22:43, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Oh, and I'm fine with just the one image of Hitler: the propaganda piece with Fuhrer written on it. Folks know what Hitler looks like, we don't need two pictures of him. One, showing that contemporary propaganda called him the Fuhrer (in the infobox) is fine. CaptainEek Edits Ho Cap'n!⚓ 22:47, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * An editor just restored Hitler's personal standard to the infobox, but I really don't understand why. This article is about a German word, and the use of the word as a title.  Hitler wasn't the only person to use that word as a title, but he is by far the best known.  But Hitler's standard doesn't tell the reader anything about the word, or about the use of the word as a title, it's simply something connected to Hitler personally. It's as inappropriate as using Hitler's standard in an article about vegetarianism because Hitler was a vegetarian.  It's an appropriate image for Adolf Hitler, and perhpas elsewhere, but it has absolutely no relevance to this article and should be removed again. Beyond My Ken (talk) 06:12, 15 December 2022 (UTC)
 * 90% of the article is written about its use in Nazi Germany and the comparison with vegetarianism is absurd, misinformed if not intentionally misleading. Vegetarianism as a practice is not associated with Hitler, while (as you have conceded yourself earlier) the word "Führer" is intimately connected to Hitler nowadays. As I have explained already the standard is included because that flag is the standard of the title of the Führer (in fact it is not Hitler's personal standard and there is no source to back up that claim, see here, and the following images 1 and 2 dating back to the Nazi Germany regime clearly indicate that the flag is the "Standard of the Führer"). If there happen to be a surplus of pictures about Hitler it is simply because there are an abundance of examples of the use in Nazi Germany, you are welcome to include an image Georg Ritter von Schönerer if you so desire or other pictures relevant to the term "Führer" that are not connected to Hitler or Nazism. 129.97.125.3 (talk) 07:20, 15 December 2022 (UTC)
 * As Captain Eek agrees, the one image of Hitler -- reflecting the use of "Fuhrer" in Nazi propaganda -- is sufficient, since this is not an article about Hitler. Beyond My Ken (talk) 07:49, 15 December 2022 (UTC)
 * It's not specifically about Hitler but it's about a topic that is intimately related to Hitler. The flag is relevant to the article for the reasons I provided earlier (the flag is not Hitler's personal flag). 129.97.125.3 (talk) 07:57, 15 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Agree with the reasoning of BMK and Captain Eek. First, the RFC is Premature. Secondly this article is about the word, not the title and NSDAP party office of Hitler alone. It is WP:UNDUE weight to focus on Hitler alone and include his standard and flag. They should be removed. Kierzek (talk) 15:26, 16 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I just explained that the flag was not his personal flag, and that the flag belonged to the political title of Führer. 129.97.125.3 (talk) 20:27, 16 December 2022 (UTC)
 * And I explained why it does not belong in the info box. One image of Hitler in the article is sufficient. Kierzek (talk) 13:47, 17 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree with BMK, CaptainEek & Kierzek. If the article does not concentrate on the term and the title (rather than AH and the ruling party in his time), then it becomes pointless. Moving pics, paraphenalia and infoboxes to the head of the page inevitably implies that the subject is the most infamous holder of the title (AH himself) and his era. Pincrete (talk) 18:24, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

RfC on location of the infobox and inclusion of images
Should the infobox for the political office "Führer and Reich Chancellor of the German People" as used in Nazi Germany be moved to the top (along with having the Nazism sidebar kept below it)? Should the images used in the page Führer be kept (specifically, the images for the standard of the Führer, the portrait of Hitler in the infobox, and the propaganda poster)?

I suggest the following options to proceed:
 * Option 1: Keep images, move the infobox to the top.
 * Option 2: Keep images, leave infobox where it is.
 * Option 3: Do not keep images, move the infobox to the top.
 * Option 4: Do not keep images and leave the infobox where it is.

I request that any editors participating in this RfC include a reason for their announced support for whatever option they endorse, and further elaborate on how they wish to implement this if they wish. 129.97.125.3 (talk) 21:43, 14 December 2022 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Comment from opening user: While I have explained my proposal in depth in the above discussion, I reiterate my support for option 1 for the following reasons:
 * The term Führer is essentially always used in the context of some reference to Hitler or Nazism.
 * Though the term Führer predates Hitler's political office this is irrelevant as the page is written largely about the political office used by Hitler, and most readers coming to this page are doing so to read about his political office, not its use in compound words (which is what Wiktionary is for) or its use by some obscure figure before Hitler.
 * For consistency between articles: Duce and Poglavnik are also political offices used in fascist nations, which have infoboxes kept at the top of the page and contain respective images for their political office standards and holders
 * The inclusion of the standard of the Führer is relevant as that is the flag used by this political office, there is really no actual reason for removing this
 * The inclusion of the portrait of Hitler in the infobox is relevant as that was the primary bearer of this political office
 * The inclusion of the propaganda poster in the article is relevant as the propaganda poster clearly makes reference to the political office held by Hitler
 * There is really no good reason for scrubbing the page clean of images of Hitler or the flag of the political office
 * 129.97.125.3 (talk) 21:43, 14 December 2022 (UTC)

 * Comment from the only other editor to participate in the original discussion before the RfC was started This RfC is entirely premature, as the IP started it after only a few minutes worth of discussion between them and myself, without waiting for any other editors to comment. Also, the RfC is ridiculously over-complicated for such an simple issue. I would suggest that anyone coming to this RfC to comment instead continue the discussion in the section above this, where I believe I have explained my reasoning, and will be happy to respond to any questions or concerns about them. Beyond My Ken (talk) 22:05, 14 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I think that inclusion of all the Nazi accoutrement is WP:Undue and a distraction. We have lots of legitimate places to drape that shit.  7&6=thirteen (☎) 21:57, 16 December 2022 (UTC)

 * Option 1. This article is tacitly about the office Hitler held, not about the word or everything else called "Führer". The images are fine, standard infobox stuff and relevant to the topic. the way I see it is we're already at RfC. Illegitimate RfCs can be closed [prematurely] and since this wasn't and there are comments I think we should let it run its course. – Finnusertop (talk ⋅ contribs) 18:41, 27 December 2022 (UTC)
 * If anyone interested in closing RfCs passes this way, I suggest that the discussion in the section above is more pertinent to the question at hand than is this RfC, and that therefore that it not be closed without taking those opinions into account, especially considering that there a clear consensus there. Beyond My Ken (talk) 22:56, 29 December 2022 (UTC)

Inclusion of the Führerstandarte in the infobox
While I understand the concern of users like BMK as to limiting the number of Nazi-related images in this article, I believe that the inclusion of the Führerstandarte in the infobox, while not entirely vital, is harmless and does add information. The idea that the inclusion of the flag is nothing more than "accroutrement and a distraction" makes little sense, especially considering that Nazi imagery is used sparingly within the article and the standard of the political office was an important symbol used to represent the office of Führer itself.

I also oppose the view that the inclusion of a singular image is WP:Undue and somehow a "distraction", especially considering that in modern contexts the word "Führer" by itself is in both English and German sources is always used to represent the Nazi political office and not simply as "leader" or "guide". As creating a page entirely dedicated to the word Führer, its definition and its usages on its own would be far too short to justify even being an article and has been better suited to a Wiktionary article, not a Wikipedia article. I argue then that the focus that the article places on Hitler and the usage of Führer is not undue nor is it "unnecessary weight". The article itself is not about the word itself but the title. If the article were about the word itself (which once again, Wikipedia rarely makes articles solely about words, Wiktionary is the place for that) then it could be argued that the focus on Nazi Germany is unnecessary, but that is clearly not the case here. This is not like the case of "President" or "King" where the usage in English is diverse and could be used to represent numerous individual offices, titles and positions. The common usage of Führer in English is, and will continue to be, in reference to Hitler and a singular political office. I repeat my point once again that this article is not about the word, it is about the political office and its usages as a political title.

With that being said, the inclusion of the Führerstandarte- a political symbol of the office does not cause any harm to the article. The article does not suddenly "suck" because of another swastika, especially considering there's only 2 images in the article aside from one template image. The inclusion of a political symbol of an office is not "decoration", it is a piece of information used to inform the reader as to the symbols used by political institutions. Should we imply that the inclusion of the American presidential standard is "decoration" since it doesn't tell anything about the actual office itself? Of course not because once again, it is a political symbol used by the office to represent itself.

Even if we then continue to imply that this article is about the word itself and not about the political title (which is unambiguously used to refer to Hitler; and if it was just about the word itself it should be deleted outright), I fail to see how one could argue that the inclusion of a singular image, one which educates the viewer on the political symbolism used by the office, in a singular infobox, is harmful.

To summarize: TheodoresTomfooleries (talk) 02:31, 14 March 2023 (UTC)
 * I oppose the idea that the inclusion of the image is distracting and accroutrement on the grounds that images are already used sparingly in the article, and the inclusion of the standard adds educational value.
 * I oppose the idea that the article adds undue weight in regards to its focus on the Nazi usage of the term
 * I oppose the idea that the inclusion of the image would add undue weight
 * I oppose the idea that the article should even be implied as solely referring to the word, especially considering that Wiktionary is the place for that.
 * I support the inclusion of the Führerstandarte in the infobox, on the grounds that it adds educational value by including political symbols used by the office to represent itself.

"The Führer" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_F%C3%BChrer&redirect=no The Führer] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. ‑‑Neveselbert (talk · contribs · email) 17:48, 13 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Führer


text:
Talk:Invader Zim

Place in Pop Culture
Jhonen Vasquez regarding his age was part of the 90s and early 2000s scene. During the time that Invader Zim was being created, goth, punk, and underground techno trends involved elements that the Invader Zim universe sometimes reflected, through the background characters and show's pop culture trends. This is somewhat separate from the influence and associated trends of the fan base of the show.

The Matrix definitely is something to do with Dib's coat and the paranormal investigator Dib gets paired with on career day. Movies like the Matrix and themes of IZ reflect the early 2000s science fiction action themes emerging at this time.

Also if you look at the new comic book version that Jhonen has released on Invader Zim, the parody of pop culture continues into games we play on Steam, while still retaining originality in its execution. Invader Zim is truly created as a unique kids cartoon at the end of the day, with an adult satirical twist on working life and other mundane strife in adulthood.

Dark harvest
Draft:Dark Harvest (Invader Zim) is now in drafts 92.236.253.249 (talk) (talk) 23:17, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

"Moosey fate" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Moosey fate and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 October 28 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Pizzaplayer219TalkContribs 14:04, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

"Seargeant Slab Rankle" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Seargeant Slab Rankle and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 October 28 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Pizzaplayer219TalkContribs 14:13, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

"Swollen eyeball" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Swollen eyeball and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 October 28 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Pizzaplayer219TalkContribs 14:26, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

"Swolen eyeball" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Swolen eyeball and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 October 28 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Pizzaplayer219TalkContribs 14:28, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

"Vortian prisoner 777" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Vortian prisoner 777 and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 October 28 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Pizzaplayer219TalkContribs 16:04, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Invader Zim


text:
Comair (United States)

Comair was a regional airline in the United States, a wholly owned subsidiary of Delta Air Lines, headquartered at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport in Boone County, Kentucky, United States. Operating under the brand name Delta Connection, Comair operated passenger services to destinations in the United States, Canada, Mexico and the Bahamas.

It was the world's largest regional airline, and operated from 1977 until 2012.

History
The airline was established in March 1977, and started operations in April 1977. Patrick J. Sowers, Robert T. Tranter, David Mueller and his father Raymond founded the airline in Cincinnati. At the end of its first year of highly profitable operations, two of the company founders, Sowers and Tranter, abruptly resigned the day following the first annual meeting as a "demand for immediate change" after they had uncovered repeated unacceptable and unsafe operational practices by one of the other partners. Comair suffered a fatal crash the year following their departure. Comair began scheduled services to Akron/Canton, Cleveland, and Evansville with two Piper Navajo aircraft. Embraer EMB-110 Bandeirante twin-engine turboprop commuter aircraft were added to Comair's fleet in 1982.

Under its parent Comair Holdings, it became a public company in July 1981. In 1984, Comair became a Delta Connection carrier with Delta Air Lines' establishment of a hub at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG). That same year, Comair introduced its first international flights from Cincinnati to Toronto. Turboprop aircraft operated by Comair on Delta Connection code sharing flights serving the Cincinnati hub included the Embraer EMB-110 Bandeirante, Embraer EMB-120 Brasilia, Saab 340, Short 330 and Swearingen Metro.

In July 1986 Delta Air Lines acquired 20% of Comair stock. The airline began operating a second hub at Orlando International Airport (MCO) during the late 1980s in support of the Delta hub at the airport. In 1992, Comair moved into Concourse C at CVG, as Delta Air Lines gradually continued to acquire more of the airlines stock. In 1993, Comair was the launch customer for the Canadair Regional Jet CRJ100 and would later operate the largest fleet in the world of this twin jet type. By 1999, Comair was the largest regional airline in the country worth over 2 billion, transporting 6 million passengers yearly to 83 destinations on 101 aircraft. That same year, in addition to shorter range flights from its Cincinnati and Orlando hubs, Comair as the Delta Connection was operating nonstop flights between Cincinnati and Nassau, Bahamas, nonstop between Cincinnati and Colorado Springs, nonstop between Boston and Myrtle Beach, nonstop between Boston and Montreal, and also nonstop between Tulsa and Las Vegas with the latter being the westernmost destination ever served by the airline. Delta Air Lines acquired full ownership on October 22, 1999 at a cost of over $2 billion.

Pilot's strike
On March 26, 2001, Comair's pilots went on strike. The strike cancelled the airline's flights and grounded its fleet. The strike ended 89 days later when a new contract was agreed to. However, there were seeds sown of a bitter animosity between the Delta pilot group and Comair. During the labor dispute in early 2001, there were some Delta pilots who contributed financially to the strike funds of Comair pilots. Like many legacy carriers, Delta furloughed a number of pilots after the September 11 attacks in 2001. While waiting to be recalled, some Delta pilots were able to find work at some of the regionals such as Atlantic Southeast Airlines, who were not hit nearly as hard as the major airlines. However, a furloughed Delta pilot could only be hired at Comair if he/she resigns his/her seniority number with Delta Air Lines and thus, there were very few furloughed Delta pilots who went to Comair. This would intensify a rift between both parties.

Comair came to nationwide attention during winter 2004 when it canceled all of its flights on Saturday, December 25 and Sunday, December 26, stranding 30,000 people. The reason was a combination of record snow and a crew scheduling software flaw. On December 23 and 24, a record snowfall hit the Cincinnati area, forcing the airline to deplete its entire supply of deicing solution. With the area highways closed due to the blizzard, no additional deicing fluid could be delivered to the airport, and Comair was forced to cancel all flights beginning on Friday December 24. After receiving necessary supplies overnight, the airline began the process of startup when the computer system that handled flight crew assignments shut down. It had been designed with a hard coded limit of changes for a month, which were far exceeded due to the poor weather in the prior days. The software had been in the process of being phased out at the airline in favor of a new system with more capabilities.

Comair's parent company Delta Air Lines filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on September 14, 2005, bringing Comair into bankruptcy along with it. Comair announced that would cut costs by million dollars annually. These savings were achieved by aircraft, flight, and employee reductions.

In late 2006, Comair opened an additional crew base and hub at New York City's JFK Airport. Comair had the lowest percentage of on-time flights of all major U.S. carriers during late 2006. This was the result of starting operations at JFK, a congested airport with poor staffing and an unfortunate terminal and aircraft ramp layout that severely dropped Comair's ratings in the DOT listings. In 2008, Comair tied with American for the lowest on-time performance, with 70% of its flights arriving on-time.

During the course of 2007, Comair closed down its crew bases in Greensboro, North Carolina and Orlando, Florida.

On May 25, 2007, Delta announced that Comair would operate 14 stretched CRJ900 aircraft for Delta Connection. These aircraft were to replace 14 smaller CRJ100 aircraft in Comair's fleet. Parent company Delta Air Lines replaced Comair's service in these destinations with Atlantic Southeast Airlines, a subsidiary of SkyWest, Inc., and Chautauqua Airlines, a subsidiary of Republic Airways Holdings. In early 2008, Delta announced it was going to reduce its domestic capacity by 4-5%, in which Comair would reduce its 50-seat Canadair Regional Jet fleet by 8-14 aircraft. In March 2008, when the price of oil rose, Delta announced it would further reduce domestic capacity.

On February 10, 2009, Delta Connection announced that ground handling and gate service positions for Comair, Mesaba Airlines, and Compass Airlines would be transitioned to a new Delta Air Lines subsidiary. The interim name of the new company was Regional Handling Services until a new name was confirmed before September. Each airline maintained its own flying operations. Services including ticketing and baggage handling were to be handled by RHS beginning in the 3rd Quarter of 2009. There was to be a reduction in the workforce. The largest cut was to come from Comair which was to reduce its staffing by nearly half. A voluntary termination was introduced and involuntary cuts were possible later in the year as Delta mainline ground employees took over positions of Delta subsidiary ground employees that had been contracted to Comair and then Regional Elite Airline Services.

On September 1, 2010, Comair announced that it would reduce its fleet by eliminating all of its aging Bombardier CRJ100/200 aircraft, expecting to have retired them all sometime in 2012. Retirement would start in 2011. Also, it expected to operate a fleet of 44 aircraft, and planned to reduce its workforce. Layoffs were to begin after September 2010, furloughing the pilot group to around 500 pilots (down to a 1999 date of hire). The company's fleet was to consist of only CRJ700 and CRJ900 aircraft.

In July 2012, Delta announced that it would be shutting down Comair. The last Comair flight flew from Jacksonville International Airport to Minneapolis/Saint Paul International Airport on September 29, 2012, ending more than three decades of operation.

Destinations
Comair operated passenger services to 83 destinations in the United States, Canada, Mexico and the Bahamas at its peak in 2005.

Fleet
Before its downsizing, Comair operated the largest number of Bombardier (formerly Canadair) regional jets of any airline with over 170 planes. At the time of closure, the Comair fleet consisted of just seven aircraft with an average age of 11.1 years, all of which were operated on Delta Connection services:

Headquarters
Comair was headquartered in the Comair General Office Building on the grounds of Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky International Airport in unincorporated Boone County, Kentucky, United States, west of Erlanger, and south of Cincinnati, Ohio. As the airline ended operations, up to 30 employees were to remain working at the headquarters.

77 Comair Boulevard formerly served as the corporate headquarters of Comair. The building is on South Airfield Road. In 2010, after the airline began downsizing, it considered leaving the building and moving to another location near the airport. A spokesperson did not disclose how much office space the airline occupied; she said it was planning to reduce its space by 20 to 25 percent. In early 2011, Comair vacated the building. Amazon Air began leasing space in the building in 2018.

Accidents

 * On October 8, 1979, Comair Flight 444 en route to Nashville, TN, a Piper PA-31 Navajo light aircraft, crashed shortly after takeoff from Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky International Airport. All eight people aboard were killed. The NTSB determined the probable cause of the accident was a partial loss of power immediately after liftoff. The pilot failed to take immediate corrective action, such as rejecting the takeoff or raising landing gear and flaps.  Contributing factors were the pilot's inexperience with multi-engine aircraft, a hurried departure, inadequate training, inexperienced company management, and ineffective FAA certification and surveillance of the operator.
 * On January 9, 1997, Comair Flight 3272, an Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia, crashed while on approach into Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, killing all 29 people aboard.
 * On August 27, 2006, Comair Flight 5191, a Bombardier CRJ-100ER, crashed while taking off from Lexington's Blue Grass Airport. 49 of the 50 on board, including all 47 passengers, were killed.

title: Comair (United States)


text:
Mrs. Puff

Mrs. Penelope Puff is a fictional character in the Nickelodeon animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants and all three films based on the franchise. Voiced by Mary Jo Catlett, Mrs. Puff debuted in the season one episode "Boating School" on August 7, 1999. Mrs. Puff was created and designed by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg. He developed the character in response to a request from Nickelodeon that the show star a schoolteacher. Hillenburg did not want to portray SpongeBob as a school-age child, so Mrs. Puff was introduced as his driving instructor instead of an elementary school teacher.

Mrs. Puff is SpongeBob's paranoid driving teacher and the owner of the town boating school, which is similar to a driver's education facility. She would like nothing more than to pass SpongeBob, as he is her most dedicated student, but he routinely fails every driving test he takes. His failures often cause crashes that lead to mass destruction and endanger Mrs. Puff. While she tries her best to be friendly and patient with her students, Mrs. Puff finds SpongeBob's unintentional recklessness exasperating and thus comes to somewhat resent him. SpongeBob's actions even result in her having a criminal record, frequently getting in and out of jail or on parole in many episodes; she has been arrested nine times in the series. In later seasons, she is also portrayed as the girlfriend of Mr. Krabs, after previously kindling a romance in the season 2 episode "Krusty Love".

The character has received a positive critical reception and has become well known in popular culture for her distinctive voice and temperamental personality. She was also a favorite of Hillenburg's, as her creation led to the show getting green-lit while remaining true to the vision of both himself and Nickelodeon. Catlett received an Annie Award nomination in 2001 for her voice-over work as Mrs. Puff along with Tom Kenny as the title character, making them the first SpongeBob cast members to be nominated for an award. Mrs. Puff is featured regularly in a variety of merchandise, such as plush toys and video games, and has appeared at theme parks and in Toyota commercials.

Role in SpongeBob SquarePants
Mrs. Puff is an anthropomorphic porcupine puffer, specifically a porcupinefish, who owns the underwater boating school that SpongeBob attends. Despite her efforts, she has been unsuccessful at teaching SpongeBob how to drive a boat. He is her most committed student, and knows the answer to every question on the oral exam, but panics every time he takes the driving part of her course. He often crashes her vehicles and causes town-wide destruction in the process. Mrs. Puff displays the pufferfish's inflation defense mechanism when she is scared or when SpongeBob crashes, akin to a car's airbag deploying.

Mrs. Puff's friendliness toward other characters varies. She sympathizes with the short-tempered Squidward Tentacles, and considers him to be the prime example of an outstandingly good driver. Mrs. Puff also treats Patrick, who has attended her class multiple times, with respect despite his slow-wittedness. Of all the residents of Bikini Bottom, she is closest to SpongeBob. While she normally dreads having to drive with SpongeBob, she often acts as a motherly figure towards him.

A running gag in the series is Mrs. Puff's extensive criminal record. As a result of SpongeBob's reckless driving, he regularly lands Mrs. Puff in jail since she assumes responsibility for his actions. This gag is introduced in "Hall Monitor", when Mrs. Puff is held responsible after SpongeBob inadvertently destroys Bikini Bottom. In "Doing Time", SpongeBob and Patrick attempt to break her out of prison to no avail. It is revealed that she prefers prison to working as a teacher because she does not have to drive with SpongeBob. A few episodes also imply she has a dark past in which this criminal history extends beyond antics with SpongeBob; in "No Free Rides", it is implied that Mrs. Puff once had to move to a new town and start a new school with a new name. In "Lighthouse Louie", an old newspaper is very briefly seen which reads “DERANGED BOAT TEACHER MAKES GETAWAY: Distracts authorities with balloon animals” (referencing an otherwise non-sequitur moment in "No Free Rides" in which she makes a balloon animal before stealing SpongeBob’s newfound boat).

Mrs. Puff was married to another pufferfish named Mr. Puff in the past, but he was captured by humans and turned into a novelty lamp – SpongeBob tells Mr. Krabs that Mrs. Puff does not like to talk about the loss of her husband. Since then, she and Mr. Krabs have pursued a romantic relationship and gone on many dates together. As of the show's tenth season, Mrs. Puff and Mr. Krabs had been dating on-and-off for sixteen years. Mr. Krabs' love for her is so strong that it can transcend his greed for money. She is one of only two characters, the other being his daughter Pearl, that he cares for more than his riches. He gives her a variety of pet names in the series and in spin-off media. In his review of the third season, Bryan Pope of DVD Verdict examined the two characters' relationship and mistook Mrs. Puff for Krabs' wife.

Creation and design
Mrs. Puff was conceived and designed by series creator Stephen Hillenburg. She was the last of the main SpongeBob characters to be designed, since she was not conceptualized until after Hillenburg had already completed the show bible. The June 2003 issue of Nickelodeon Magazine states that when Hillenburg pitched SpongeBob to Nickelodeon, he "had yet to come up with the idea that Mrs. Puff and SpongeBob would be on an endless quest to get SpongeBob a driver's license". Thus, some early development artwork for the show depicted SpongeBob driving submarine-esque vehicles with ease.

Mrs. Puff's development was sparked by Nickelodeon's request for SpongeBob to attend a school. Nickelodeon executives originally wanted to make SpongeBob a child since their most successful cartoons at the time focused on young, school-age characters. Hillenburg said that the network wanted SpongeBob to be like "Arnold [from Hey Arnold!] under the sea," but he told them, "No, that's not the show." As a compromise, Hillenburg decided to "put him in school - but it would be a [boat] driving school." This allowed him to keep writing SpongeBob as an adult while also using the school as a main plot element. Showrunner Vincent Waller suggested that if the network had creative control over the show, almost every episode would take place at Mrs. Puff's school, not at a variety of locations. The choice to make Mrs. Puff a pufferfish, who inflates into a ball when SpongeBob crashes, was made to evoke the appearance of car airbags. Because she was created late in production, her design incorporates elements of the earlier characters' appearances, such as the same type of skirt as Pearl and the same rounded teeth as Squidward.

The episode "Doing Time" was one of the first to be written specifically from Mrs. Puff's point of view; another early example was season two's "No Free Rides." In his 2013 book The SpongeBob SquarePants Experience, animation historian Jerry Beck argued that the former was the episode that "elevated Mrs. Puff to star status".

Voice
Mrs. Puff is voiced by American actress Mary Jo Catlett, who is known for her live-action roles on television programs from the 1970s such as Diff'rent Strokes and M*A*S*H. As of 2017, voicing Mrs. Puff is Catlett's only regular television role. Catlett described herself as "basically retired" in 2013, since she is good friends with the other SpongeBob cast members, making the SpongeBob recording booth an easy environment that requires less preparation than in-person performances. The About Group's Nancy Basille noted in 2016 that Catlett's "rich, low tones as teacher Mrs. Puff recall other roles she has had," citing Diff'rent Strokes and M*A*S*H as programs where she used a similar voice.

Reception
The character has received positive reactions from critics and fans. Yahoo! News called Mrs. Puff "the most famous driving teacher on the planet." Fashion designer Peter Jensen, who designed a line of sweatshirts inspired by SpongeBob, called Mrs. Puff his "absolute favorite" character in an interview with Women's Wear Daily. In 2004, New York Times chief film critic A. O. Scott named Mrs. Puff as one of his favorite characters on SpongeBob SquarePants, along with Squidward Tentacles and Sandy Cheeks. Mrs. Puff was ranked second on Chilango's list of favorite cartoon teachers. KSL-TV listed Mrs. Puff in their countdown of "13 teachers from pop culture you can't help but love". Andrew Whalen of IBT Media called Mrs. Puff's role in the "Doing Time" episode "a series highlight". The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reported in 2002 that episodes about Mrs. Puff's Boating School were fan favorites. Scott Lecter of DVD Talk said that Mrs. Puff, Sandy and Squidward "make for some of the biggest laughs in the episodes".

Francis Rizzo of DVD Talk called Mrs. Puff's voice "spot-on" thanks to "the perfectly cast Mary Jo Catlett". Catlett's voice-over work as Mrs. Puff was nominated for a 2001 Annie Award in the category Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Female Performer in an Animated Television Production. Tom Kenny was nominated at the same ceremony for voicing SpongeBob, making them the first actors to earn an award nomination for their work on the show. Catlett and some other main cast members were also nominated for Best Vocal Ensemble at the 2013 Behind the Voice Actors Awards.

During the controversy surrounding SpongeBob's sexuality, Mrs. Puff's name began to be criticized for supposedly referring to the slang term "puff," a descriptor of gay men that can be derogatory or affectionate. The BBC first noted this in reports of the controversy in 2002 and again in 2004. In a 2005 issue of the Sarasota Herald-Tribune, columnist David Grimes challenged this interpretation, writing, "I do not consider [Mrs. Puff's name] damaging evidence. However, if SpongeBob were receiving lessons from Mr. Puff, that would be an entirely different matter." K. Sobschak of the St. Catharines Standard also denounced the debate, asking, "What is wrong with taking boating lessons from a fish? This is a comedy for kids." The National Expert Commission of Ukraine on the Protection of Public Morality revived the criticism of Mrs. Puff's name in 2012, citing it as one of the reasons for an attempted nationwide ban of the program. Mediaite Editor-in-Chief Andrew Kirell questioned this decision, asking rhetorically, "What's so offensive there? Well, 'puff' is a term often used to describe a gay man, as if Ukrainian children knew that."

Mrs. Puff's quotes and voice have also become popular with fans and casual viewers. The Sun writer Esther Cepeda humorously referred to Mrs. Puff's catchphrase "Oh, SpongeBob!" as "immortal words" in a 2011 article. Her quote "Oh, Neptune" became part of an Internet meme in 2016. Various memes covered by the comedy websites Smosh and BuzzFeed have featured other quotes from the character. In an interview with San Diego Gay & Lesbian News, the cast of Surprise Surprise (which starred Catlett) mentioned that "not one cast or crew person on the movie let a day [on the set] go by without calling some relative ... and handing their cell phones to Mary Jo [Catlett] to do her best 'Oh noooooooo, SpongeBob, nooooooooooo!'"

In other media
Mrs. Puff has appeared in many types of SpongeBob SquarePants merchandise, including action figures, aquarium ornaments, and video games. Tie-in books have prominently featured the character. Board games based on the show, such as The Game of Life and Bikini Bottom Book of Games, use her schoolhouse as a playing location. In 2007, a Lego construction set based on Mrs. Puff's school was released. SpongeBob's Boating Bash, a 2010 racing video game, centers on Mrs. Puff and takes place at the boating school. Mrs. Puff is a playable character in the Wii version, and acts as a guide for the player in the Nintendo DS game.

Theme parks and events have featured Mrs. Puff, often as a costumed character. She was included on a boating school float as part of Sea World Australia's SpongeBob ParadePants parade, which opened in December 2011. She appeared at Universal Studios Hollywood's "SpongeBob Fan Shellabration" in 2013, and at the 2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400 in Kansas City. Mrs. Puff also made regular appearances at Nickelodeon Suites Resort and Nickelodeon Universe with Mr. Krabs. A section of the SpongeBob StorePants souvenir shop at the Universal Orlando Resort is modeled after Mrs. Puff's boating school.

In 2011, Mary Jo Catlett provided the voice-over for a road traffic safety commercial hosted by Mrs. Puff. It was produced by Nickelodeon and Toyota as the first in a series of SpongeBob advertisements from the two companies. The 30-second infomercial incorporated clips from the fifth-season episode "Boat Smarts" along with new content. Catlett also sings a track as Mrs. Puff on The Best Day Ever album, titled "Mrs. Puff's Boating School Ad". It was released on September 12, 2006, by Nick Records. Rita Engelmann, who voices Mrs. Puff in the German dub of SpongeBob SquarePants, recorded a single as her character titled "Hinterher! (feat. Mrs. Puff)". The song is a parody of Icona Pop's "I Love It" and was released in 2014 by Sony Music Entertainment. Mrs. Puff is mentioned in the book Shingaling, a 2015 sequel to Wonder.

Mrs. Puff plays a small role in the 2004 film The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie and its 2015 sequel. Her lack of screen time in both movies was criticized. Jessica Walsh of the Reading Eagle felt that the first film was "missing something, since key characters, such as Sandy the Squirrel and Mrs. Puff, make only cameo appearances". Sandie Chen of Common Sense Media wrote that the decision to relegate characters like Mrs. Puff to small roles "won't go over well with some fans". About.com's Nancy Basille considered this the first movie's biggest flaw and asked, "why didn't they use more of Squidward, Mr. Krabs, Gary, Mrs. Puff and all our other favorite secondary characters?" The novelization of the 2004 movie includes additional scenes starring Mrs. Puff and Squidward that were not in the motion picture. Mrs. Puff appears in the 2009 stage adaptation of "The Sponge Who Could Fly", which debuted at the Liverpool Empire Theatre. The 2016 musical based on the series stars Abby C. Smith as Mrs. Puff.

SpongeBob's inability to pass Mrs. Puff's course has been referenced in popular culture. In 2011, ice hockey player Taylor Hall failed his driving test and likened it to SpongeBob's situation at Mrs. Puff's school. The writers of Engadget compared a remote-controlled, underwater camera to the boats in SpongeBob, remarking that Mrs. Puff should call her insurance agent if users channel their "inner SpongeBob while remotely driving the thing". In a satirical 2011 article, writers at The Washington Post pretended to interview SpongeBob about his trouble graduating from Mrs. Puff's boating school.

title: Mrs. Puff


text:
Northern Mindanao

Northern Mindanao (Amihanang Mindanao; Maranao: Pangotaraan Mindanao; Hilagang Mindanao) is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region X. It comprises five provinces: Bukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, and Lanao del Norte, and two cities classified as highly urbanized, all occupying the north-central part of Mindanao island, and the island-province of Camiguin. The regional center is Cagayan de Oro. Lanao del Norte was transferred to Northern Mindanao from Region XII (then called Central Mindanao) by virtue of Executive Order No. 36 in September 2001.

Etymology
The current name of the region was derived from its position on Mindanao island. The term was officially coined by the Americans after the establishment of American colonial rule in the Philippines due to the defeat of Filipino revolutionaries. There have been proposals to rename the current Northern Mindanao region, which is dominated by the Cebuano ethnic group, into the Amihanan region. Amihanan literally translates to 'northern area' from the Cebuano language, which is the lingua franca of the region.

Geography
Northern Mindanao has a total land area of 2049602 ha. More than 60% of Northern Mindanao's total land area are classified as forest land. Its seas abound with fish and other marine products. The abundant vegetation, natural springs and high elevation contribute to the region's cool, mild and invigorating climate.

Administrative divisions
The region is composed of five provinces: Bukidnon, the island province of Camiguin, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental and Misamis Oriental. It has two highly urbanized cities, Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, that are administered independently from any province. The provinces are further subdivided into seven component cities and 84 municipalities, with a total of 2,022 barangays. The regional center is Cagayan de Oro.

Provinces
Regional center

Cities
Regional center

Demographics
Northern Mindanao is the 8th most populous region in the Philippines and 2nd in Mindanao (after Davao Region) according to the 2015 Philippine Statistics Authority Census. The major urban area of Region X is Metro Cagayan de Oro which includes Cagayan de Oro and some municipalities and cities of Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon.

The vast majority of the region's inhabitants descended from migrants from Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor and Negros Oriental. Some other inhabitants are of Bicolano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Waray, Zamboangueño, Maguindanaon, Maranao and Tausug descent, while the autochthonous Bukidnons and Manobos populate the inner highlands.

The largest religion is Christianity, with Roman Catholicism forming 72% of the population and Protestants forming a significant minority of 14%. The second largest religion is Islam, forming 8% of the population.

The main language spoken in the region is Cebuano which is spoken with Northern Mindanao variant that is slightly different from standard Cebuano. The region is also home to sizeable speakers of Bohol dialect of Cebuano. Higaonon, Manobo and Binukid are among the languages native in the region, as are Maguindanaon and Maranao. Also spoken varyingly in the region are Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan and Waray. Tagalog (Filipino) and English are widely understood and often used for administrative functions by the local government, business and in education.

Economy
The economy of Northern Mindanao is the second largest regional economy in the island of Mindanao. While still a mainly agricultural region, there is also a booming growth of industries particularly in Cagayan de Oro and in Iligan. Del Monte Philippines is located in the province of Bukidnon and its processing plant is located in Cagayan de Oro, where it ships its products to the rest of the Philippines and Asia-Pacific region. The Agus-IV to VII Hydroelectric Plants in Iligan and Balo-i, Lanao del Norte supply most of its electrical power in Mindanao.

title: Northern Mindanao


text:
Sandy Cheeks

Sandy Cheeks is a fictional character in the American animated comedy television series SpongeBob SquarePants and the Nickelodeon franchise of the same name. She is voiced by Carolyn Lawrence and first appeared in the episode "Tea at the Treedome", which premiered on May 1, 1999. She was created and designed by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg who is also the creator of the series. Sandy is portrayed as an intelligent anthropomorphic squirrel who wears a diving suit and lives underwater.

The character's reception from fans has been positive. Sandy has appeared in many SpongeBob SquarePants publications, toys, and other merchandise. She also appears in the series' three films.

Role in SpongeBob SquarePants
Sandy is a close friend of SpongeBob SquarePants. She is a proud Texan and speaks in a stereotypical Southern drawl. In order to live underwater, Sandy resides in a bubble-like dome and wears an atmospheric diving suit when outside her house. Inside the treedome, her normal attire consists of a green and purple bikini. Conversely, as revealed in Tea at the Treedome, other characters must wear "water helmets" with opposite functionality when visiting her house. Sandy possesses extraordinary scientific skills such as the ability to construct complex inventions. Sandy is shown to possess a number of tough, tomboyish character traits and interests; she is skilled at karate, engages in bodybuilding, and is a rodeo champion. She is also a close friend of Patrick Star, SpongeBob's best friend and neighbor, though she sometimes gets annoyed by him like Squidward.

Creation and design
Stephen Hillenburg first became fascinated with the ocean and began developing his artistic abilities as a child. During college, he majored in marine biology and minored in art. After graduating in 1984, he joined the Ocean Institute, an ocean education organization, where he had the idea to create a comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which led to the creation of SpongeBob SquarePants. In 1987, Hillenburg left the institute to pursue a career in animation.

A few years after studying experimental animation at the California Institute of the Arts, Hillenburg met Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life, at an animation festival. Murray offered Hillenburg a job as a director of the series. Martin Olson, one of the writers for Rocko's Modern Life, read The Intertidal Zone and encouraged Hillenburg to create a television series with a similar concept. At that point, Hillenburg had not considered creating his own series, but soon realized that this was his chance. Shortly after production on Rocko's Modern Life ended in 1996, Hillenburg began working on SpongeBob SquarePants. Sandy has been shown in the episodes about her being in the tree dome. Whenever any aquatic creatures enter her home, they must wear helmets that are filled with water. Sandy works as a scientist, explorer, and inventor. She is also a rodeo champion with a number of athletic interests, such as "sand-boarding" and karate. Originally, in the pitch bible written by Tim Hill and Hillenburg, SpongeBob originally was a romantic interest for her, but this was quickly put out of the show.

Voice
The voice of Sandy Cheeks is provided by Carolyn Lawrence. Lawrence got the role of Sandy when she was in Los Angeles at Los Feliz. She met Donna Grillo, a casting director, on a sidewalk. Lawrence was with a friend who knew Grillo, and she said Lawrence had an interesting voice. Grillo brought Lawrence in to audition and she got the part.

Before a recording, Lawrence prepares when the crew sends a storyboard. She explains, "I absolutely love that! Not only do I get to read the script, I can actually see what the artists have in mind. It is an amazing process and I feel so fortunate to be able to work that way! [...] I would prefer to let the script come alive in me before a taping."

Presley Williams voiced young Sandy in The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run.

Reception
Film critic A. O. Scott of The New York Times said, in his review of The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, that Sandy is one of his favorite characters on the show, along with Squidward Tentacles and Mrs. Puff. He wrote, "I was sorry to see [them] pushed to the margins".

In other media
Sandy has been included in various SpongeBob SquarePants-related merchandise, including board games, books, plush toys, and trading cards. She is also a playable character in several SpongeBob games like Battle for Bikini Bottom. Sandy also appears as a playable character in Nickelodeon All-Star Brawl. The Sandy's Blasting Bronco rollercoaster opened alongside the American Dream Mall's Nickelodeon Universe theme park in 2019. This ride is the first attraction to be named and themed after the character. The ride-vehicle is themed to Sandy's rocketship, from the SpongeBob SquarePants episode "Sandy's Rocket."

Sandy served as sideline reporter for Nickelodeon's alternate telecast of Super Bowl LVIII.

Saving Bikini Bottom: The Sandy Cheeks Movie
A CGI/Live-action hybrid movie starring Sandy titled Saving Bikini Bottom: The Sandy Cheeks Movie is currently in production for Netflix. This film is one of three character-centric SpongeBob movies in development for the streaming platform. The film was initially announced in May 2021, and its title was revealed on November 26, 2022.

title: Sandy Cheeks


text:
Talk:Sandy Cheeks

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jcasebolt99.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 08:39, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Notability
I don't think this character meets WP:GNG since there is no out of universe notability. There is books and few sources and there is not much else to improve it since there are few many ghits. Per discussion, it should be redirected to List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters rather then nominating for deletion for the third time. If I did, my mom won't be pleased with this. JJ98 (Talk) 08:04, 11 November 2014 (UTC)

Fictional undersea characters?
is it correct to say that Sandy is Fictional undersea characters? She is supposed to be on land in her natural habitat and she can't breathe underwater. (Notify me for responses)
 * aGastya   ✉ let’s talk about it  :) 12:17, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Sandy Cheeks. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130513034712/http://animatedtv.about.com/b/2006/03/29/voice-behind-sandy-cheeks-on-spongebob.htm to http://animatedtv.about.com/b/2006/03/29/voice-behind-sandy-cheeks-on-spongebob.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130513033430/http://animatedtv.about.com/od/spongebobsquarepants/a/lawrence.htm to http://animatedtv.about.com/od/spongebobsquarepants/a/lawrence.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:40, 22 January 2018 (UTC)

"Fictional characters who have attempted suicide"
Is this vandalism? I definitely don't remember that episode from my childhood... Pyropes (talk) 01:22, 7 February 2018 (UTC)

Middle Name
Jennifer is established in the SpongeBob SquarePants musical in the song "Hero Is My Middle Name". I accepted the pending change that added it, but I don't know if we have to argue over the musical being canon, etc :) Psu256 (talk) 18:21, 15 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Sandy Cheeks is a TV character, and the musical is just an adaptation of the show. It shouldn't be conflated, except in a hypothetical article "Sandy Cheeks (musical character)". w umbolo   ^^^  18:54, 20 May 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:52, 3 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Early drawing of Sandy by Stephen Hillenburg.png

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 22:07, 3 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Photograph of Carolyn Lawrence and Sandy Cheeks costume.jpg

Hello 2600:8800:3213:C500:6CE9:FB31:8DA8:FB9A (talk) 02:34, 16 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sandy Cheeks


text:
Metrobius

Metrobius (Μητρόβιος; lived 1st century BC) was an actor and a talented singer, in the Roman Republic. He was said to be the lover of Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix, the famed general and dictator. Metrobius is mentioned twice by Plutarch in his Parallel Lives, who clearly disapproves of his relationship with Sulla. These excerpts are as follows.

"It was this laxity, as it seems, which produced in him [Sulla] a diseased propensity to amorous indulgence and an unrestrained voluptuousness, from which he did not refrain even in his old age, but continued his youthful love for Metrobius, an actor."

"However, even though he [Sulla] had such a wife at home, he consorted with actresses, harpists, and theatrical people, drinking with them on couches all day long. For these were the men who had most influence with him now: Roscius the comedian, Sorex the archmime, and Metrobius the impersonator of women, for whom, though past his prime, he continued up to the last to be passionately fond, and made no denial of it."

Though Sulla took other partners during his career, by Plutarch's account he remained in love with Metrobius until the end of his life.

In fiction
In the historical fiction series Masters of Rome, by Colleen McCullough, the adolescent Metrobius is Sulla's sometime lover and later his client. He gives up the stage to accompany the former dictator Sulla into retirement in the year 79 BC.

In Raffaello Giovagnoli's novel Spartacus (1874) an actor named Metrobius accidentally overhears a conversation concerning a gladiator's plot and informs Julius Caesar about it.

title: Metrobius


text:
Squidward Tentacles

Squidward J. Q. Tentacles is a fictional character voiced by actor Rodger Bumpass in the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants, produced by Nikelodeon. Squidward was created and designed by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg. He first appeared on television in the series' pilot episode "Help Wanted" on May 1, 1999.

Although his name has the word "squid" in it and he has only six tentacles, Squidward is an anthropomorphic octopus. He lives in a moai themed house between SpongeBob SquarePants' and Patrick Star's houses on Conch Street in Bikini Bottom. The character is portrayed as short-tempered, impatient, arrogant, sassy, introverted, condescending, bitter, and misanthropic, and he despises his two neighbors' constant disruptive antics. However, the pair are unaware of Squidward's dislike towards them and see him as a friend. Squidward works as a cashier at the Krusty Krab restaurant, a job which he does not enjoy.

He also appears in the films The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004), The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water (2015), The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run (2020), and is set to appear in Saving Bikini Bottom: The Sandy Cheeks Movie (2024). The character's reception from fans has been positive. Squidward has appeared in many SpongeBob SquarePants publications, toys, and other merchandise.

Creation and design
Stephen Hillenburg first became fascinated with the ocean and began developing his artistic abilities as a child. During college, he majored in marine biology and minored in art. After graduating in 1984, he joined the Ocean Institute, an ocean education organization, where he had the idea to create a comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which led to the creation of SpongeBob SquarePants. In 1987, Hillenburg left the institute to pursue a career in animation.

Several years after studying experimental animation at the California Institute of the Arts, Hillenburg met Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life, at an animation festival. Murray offered Hillenburg a job as a director of the series. Martin Olson, one of the writers for Rocko's Modern Life, read The Intertidal Zone and encouraged Hillenburg to create a television series with a similar concept. At that point, Hillenburg had not considered creating his own series, but soon realized that this was his chance. Shortly after production on Rocko's Modern Life ended in 1996, Hillenburg began working on SpongeBob SquarePants.

Hillenburg used some character designs from his comic book. He designed "SpongeBob's grumpy next door neighbor" as an octopus because he liked the species' large head; he said octopuses "have such a large bulbous head, and Squidward thinks he's an intellectual, so of course he's gonna have a large bulbous head." Hillenburg explained that Squidward is normally drawn with six limbs because "it was really just simpler for animation to draw him with six legs instead of eight". Squidward is only shown with a full set of eight tentacles in two episodes: the live-action sequence in "Pressure" from season two, and briefly in "Sold!" from season nine. Hillenburg named the character Squidward after the squid, which is closely related to the octopus and has ten limbs. In the words of Squidward's voice actor Rodger Bumpass, the name Octoward "just didn't work".

Of Squidward's design, show writer and storyboard artist Vincent Waller said in 2010: "Squidward is hard to draw—he has a very odd-shaped head. Fortunately, his emotions are pretty even, but to get a whole lot of big emoting out of him is a challenge. His nose splits everything in half, so it's always like, 'OK, how am I going to work this and still make it read?'"

Hillenburg thought of making jokes with Squidward ejecting ink but retired it because, according to him, "it always looks like he's pooping his pants". Despite this, inking jokes would appear in the episodes "Giant Squidward" and "Ink Lemonade". The sound of Squidward's footsteps, which evokes that of suction cups pulling on the ground, is produced by rubbing hot water bottles. The footsteps, and those of the rest of the main characters, are recorded by the show's foley crew. Sound designer Jeff Hutchins said that footstep sounds "[help] tell which character it is and what surface they're stepping on". Bumpass inspired the idea of having Squidward ride a recumbent bicycle; Bumpass owns one of these bicycles, which he rides around Burbank, California. Bumpass described it as his "little inside joke".

Voice
Squidward's voice is provided by actor Rodger Bumpass, who voices several other SpongeBob SquarePants characters, including Squidward's mother. While creating the show and writing its pilot episode in 1997, Hillenburg and the show's then-creative director Derek Drymon were also conducting voice auditions. Mr. Lawrence, who had worked with Hillenburg and Drymon on Rocko's Modern Life, was Hillenburg's first choice for the role. Hillenburg had invited Lawrence to audition for all the show's characters. Instead of Squidward, Hillenburg decided to give Lawrence the part of Plankton, the series' villain.

According to Bumpass, Squidward was "a very nasally, monotone kind of guy". He said the character became interesting to perform because of "his sarcasm, and then his frustration, and then his apoplexy, and so he became a wide spectrum of emotions". Tom Kenny, the voice of SpongeBob, describes Bumpass recording his lines in the studio, saying, "I love watching Rodger ... He's right next to me". According to Kenny, when Bumpass "goes apoplectic" as Squidward while recording, his head turns red, "and you're afraid he's going to have an embolism".

Several of the show's crew praise Bumpass for his performance and similitude to the character. Kenny called Bumpass "brilliant" and said, "[he] is sort of like Squidward". Staff writer Kent Osborne said, "I remember thinking about how much Rodger talks and acts like Squidward. That's why it's such a good voice—he's so connected to it". However, Bumpass said, "I'm not him and he's not me, but what I'm required to do for him and what I am enabled to do for him is what makes it like me. It fits my particular talents and skills very well. So in that respect, yeah, he is me, but I am not the cranky, sarcastic, underachieving kind of guy that he is. He's easy to fall in, I will say that."

Squidward's voice has been compared to that of Jack Benny's. Kenny said, "To me, there's something just so funny about that Jack-Benny-loyal-to-nobody character that Rodger Bumpass does such a great job of playing [...] Squidward". Arthur Brown, author of Everything I Need to Know, I Learned from Cartoons!, said that Squidward "sounds a lot like Jack Benny". Bumpass repudiated the relationship, saying "Jack Benny, no. Although he does have this observational sarcasm he occasionally brought out."

Role in SpongeBob SquarePants
Squidward is depicted as a grumpy and bitter turquoise octopus. He lives in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom in a moai situated between SpongeBob SquarePants' pineapple house and Patrick Star's rock. Squidward is annoyed by his neighbors for their perpetual laughter and boisterous behavior, though SpongeBob and Patrick are oblivious to being a nuisance to Squidward.

Squidward lives in a constant state of self-pity and misery; he is unhappy with his humdrum lifestyle and yearns for celebrity status, wealth, hair, and a glamorous and distinguished career as a musician or painter with a passion for art and playing the clarinet, although he has no actual talent for either. However, he is left to endure the lowly status as a fast-food cashier at the Krusty Krab restaurant. Squidward resents his job and is irritated by his greedy employer Mr. Krabs and by having his own resented neighbor SpongeBob as a colleague.

Other media
Alongside the television series, Squidward appears in the February 2011 issues of SpongeBob Comics. He also appears in various SpongeBob SquarePants video games, and in various theme parks and theme park parades including Sea World and Universal's Superstar Parade. He also appears in Nickelodeon All-Star Brawl 2 (2023). In 2004, Squidward appeared in the first feature-length film adaptation of the show, The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, which was released on November 19, 2004, and was financially successful, grossing over US$140 million worldwide. He also appears in the film's sequels, The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water which was released in theaters on February 6, 2015, and The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run which was released in the United States on Paramount+ streaming service on March 4, 2021 and in other territories on Netflix earlier on November 5, 2020. In 2019, he also appeared in Super Bowl LIII halftime show, which, during a triumphant song performed by tuna, they introduced rapper Travis Scott. Squidward has also been included in various SpongeBob SquarePants-related merchandise, including board games, phone case, sneakers and vans, books, plush toys, and trading cards.

The episode "The Sponge Who Could Fly" was adapted in 2009 as a stage musical at the Liverpool Empire Theatre, and later in South Africa. Actor Charles Brunton originated the role of Squidward, later recalling that he loved the character, and the "fun [of] trying to re-create a well established cartoon character into a live performance on stage." Brunton prepared for the role by buying nine DVDs of the series, acting out Squidward's part in each episode, in his bedroom. He said, "it took ages to perfect the voice and the way he used his arms". Brunton's performance and the musical were well received by most critics. A critic from The Public Reviews wrote, "Charles Brunton as Squidward really stole the show for us, his character was nailed to perfection, from his comic acting, voice and mannerisms this was a faultless performance". In his review for The Northern Echo, Viv Hardwick said, "Charles Brunton makes a convincing Squidward". The role was played by Chris van Rensburg in South Africa.

2016 stage musical
A stage musical based on the show was premiered in June 2016 at the Oriental Theatre in Chicago. Squidward is portrayed using two extra legs to replicate Squidward's four-legged design. Characterization-wise, Squidward is still portrayed as grumpy like in the series while being humanized as much as possible. Notable additions to Squidward's character include him having a dead mother, whom he talks to several times during the musical.

In the musical, Bikini Bottom is threatened by a volcano that will erupt in two days, so the townspeople decide to hold a concert to raise money so they can evacuate. While he wants to perform on the concert himself, Squidward is instead assigned to manage the event while rock band the Electric Skates is asked to play. When the band arrives, Squidward wants to be their opening act, but he is rejected because he fails to get one of the items that the Electric Skates requests. The band calls Squidward a loser, causing him to snap, and he drives the band away. Squidward then insists that he is not a loser and performs a tap-dance number backed by a chorus line until he realizes it is just his imagination ("I'm Not a Loser"). Because the concert and the evacuation plan fail, the town falls into chaos until SpongeBob, Patrick, and Sandy arrive and tell them that they have used a device that should stop the eruption. After the volcano does not erupt at the supposed time, Squidward is allowed to perform in a concert to celebrate the town's survival.

Original portrayal
Actor Gavin Lee originated the role of Squidward in the Chicago run and reprised the role in the musical's Broadway run and television adaptation The SpongeBob Musical: Live on Stage!. As Lee was not familiar with the show prior to his audition, Lee binge-watched eight SpongeBob episodes and listened to Rodger Bumpass' voice. Director Tina Landau encouraged the actors to not be a "carbon copy" of the cartoon characters and make something different, allowing Lee to not exactly replicate Bumpass' voice, especially during emotional parts.

Lee liked how Squidward is the one grumpy character in an upbeat musical. Three times in the musical, Squidward is stopped from singing, so that when his number "I'm Not a Loser" is finally sung in Act 2, "the audience is just gagging for Squidward to finally express himself", as Gavin Lee described. "I'm Not a Loser" features Squidward tap-dancing backed by a chorus line of sea anemones.

To play the four-legged Squidward, Lee wore two extra fake legs. Lee said that he wanted the fake legs to be secure and asymmetrical to his real legs, which made the legs uncomfortable to wear, but he likes them as a gimmick and how the audience reacted positively to them. Since Squidward tap-danced with four legs in "I'm Not a Loser", Lee and choreographer Chris Gattelli worked together to figure out how Lee would tap-dance with two extra tap shoes, as neither had tap-danced like that before. Lee said that in order to make four tap noises, he tap-danced in a more "sloppy" way: "Having loose ankles, but also having the tension there to make the noises with the extra [taps]." Squidward's four-legged tap dance has been compared to Lee's previous role as Bert in the Mary Poppins musical where he tap-danced upside-down.

Lee's performance as Squidward and his tap dance number "I'm Not a Loser" are considered a highlight of the show. In his review of the Chicago run, Steven Oxman of Variety called Squidward the "unquestionable highlight" and described "I'm Not a Loser" as "a dose of true Broadway pizzazz, and expresses the character's inner self with sensitivity and flair." Reviewing the Broadway run, Alexis Soloski of The Guardian called Lee's tap number "rapturous", while Peter Marks on The Washington Post considers it "a particular joy". Vice's Jo Rosenthal considered Lee's performance of "I'm Not a Loser" as "heart-rending" and "earned his standing ovation". In addition to calling "I'm Not a Loser" the musical's highlight, David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter praised Squidward's four-legs costume as well. In 2018, for his performance in the Broadway run, Gavin Lee won a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical and was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical.

Subsequent portrayals
In the 2019–20 North American tour of the musical, Squidward was played by Cody Cooley. Although he was skeptical about the idea of a SpongeBob musical at first, Cooley is impressed when he watched the Broadway run. When Cooley watched the Broadway run with his friends, they commented that Cooley would be fit for Squidward because Cooley was considered grouchy. Cooley himself said that he relate to Squidward's pessimism and sarcastic personality. Cooley had applied twice for the role before being called for audition and given the role. After being cast, Cooley rewatched the first three seasons of SpongeBob to study Squidward's character.

Cooley said that Squidward's tap number is his favorite part of the show. Prior to getting the role, Cooley already had tap-dancing experience. During the rehearsal in New York City, Cooley learned how to tap with the two extra tap shoes and practiced it usually twice a day to build up stamina. Cooley considered stamina important for the tap number because the extra legs weighs 25 pounds, he must dance for at least seven minutes and the number ends with a kickline. He also learned how to play clarinet for the part where Squidward plays it at the end of the show.

In the 2023 United Kingdom tour, Squidward is played by Gareth Gates and Tom Read Wilson depending on the venue. Gates described Squidward as a very different person compared to him due to Squidward's grumpiness, which is his stated reason for liking the role. Gates had not tap-danced prior to getting this role, so he had to learn to tap dance by taking three lessons before the rehearsals.

Reception
The character of Squidward has received a positive reception from critics and fans alike. SpongeBob's voice actor Tom Kenny named Squidward his favorite character on the show: "He has an extra dimension where SpongeBob and Patrick's capacity of play mystifies him, but he's also jealous of it. When he tries to participate, he just fails utterly because he doesn't believe in it." Staff writer Casey Alexander said, "Squidward is the character I relate to the most. In an exaggerated way, he's the most human character. If I knew a human like SpongeBob, I probably would react to him like Squidward does". American singer Pharrell Williams, who is a fan of the show, stated that "Squidward is my favorite, though. If he was a human, I would hang out with him." Mahejabeen Hossain Nidhi of The Daily Star stated that "we are all secretly Squidward" due to his personality in the movie.

Bill Treadway of DVD Verdict said that Squidward is "a cross between Bert [of Sesame Street], Woody Allen, and Roger Addison [of Mr. Ed] ... but he has some heart, if you can find it". Treadway called him "the straight man for his neighbor's antics". Film critic A. O. Scott of The New York Times said, in his review of The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, that Squidward is one of his favorite secondary characters on the show, along with Sandy Cheeks and Mrs. Puff. He wrote, "I was sorry to see [them] pushed to the margins". Also from the same publication, television critic Joyce Millman said that Squidward has "the nasal bitchiness of Paul Lynde and the artistic pretensions of Felix Unger." Millman further wrote, "Hmmm, Squidward is one gay squid, I think."

"Band Geeks", an episode of the series' second season that focuses on Squidward, is often considered by many critics and fans alike as the show's best episode. For a sampling of the reviews, read the following:
 * Writing for The Washington Post, Michael Cavna ranked "Band Geeks" as the fifth best episode of SpongeBob SquarePants. In his review, Cavna said, "Squidward's mix of artistic aspiration in the face of goading, humiliation and unrelenting sub-mediocrity made this a kids' episode that adults can experience on a whole 'nother level." On a less positive note, Squidward was listed among Common Sense Media's "10 Worst TV Role Models of 2012"; author Sierra Filucci wrote that Squidward's selfishness is his "worst offense", calling him "the mean and nasty cashier at the Krusty Krab [who] is nice only when he wants something."
 * Writing for The Washington Post, Michael Cavna ranked "Band Geeks" as the fifth best episode of SpongeBob SquarePants. In his review, Cavna said, "Squidward's mix of artistic aspiration in the face of goading, humiliation and unrelenting sub-mediocrity made this a kids' episode that adults can experience on a whole 'nother level." On a less positive note, Squidward was listed among Common Sense Media's "10 Worst TV Role Models of 2012"; author Sierra Filucci wrote that Squidward's selfishness is his "worst offense", calling him "the mean and nasty cashier at the Krusty Krab [who] is nice only when he wants something."
 * Writing for The Washington Post, Michael Cavna ranked "Band Geeks" as the fifth best episode of SpongeBob SquarePants. In his review, Cavna said, "Squidward's mix of artistic aspiration in the face of goading, humiliation and unrelenting sub-mediocrity made this a kids' episode that adults can experience on a whole 'nother level." On a less positive note, Squidward was listed among Common Sense Media's "10 Worst TV Role Models of 2012"; author Sierra Filucci wrote that Squidward's selfishness is his "worst offense", calling him "the mean and nasty cashier at the Krusty Krab [who] is nice only when he wants something."
 * Writing for The Washington Post, Michael Cavna ranked "Band Geeks" as the fifth best episode of SpongeBob SquarePants. In his review, Cavna said, "Squidward's mix of artistic aspiration in the face of goading, humiliation and unrelenting sub-mediocrity made this a kids' episode that adults can experience on a whole 'nother level." On a less positive note, Squidward was listed among Common Sense Media's "10 Worst TV Role Models of 2012"; author Sierra Filucci wrote that Squidward's selfishness is his "worst offense", calling him "the mean and nasty cashier at the Krusty Krab [who] is nice only when he wants something."

At the 39th Daytime Emmy Awards in 2012, Bumpass was nominated for his vocal performance as Squidward in the Outstanding Performer in the Animated Program category—the first cast member to be nominated in this category. The award was won by June Foray of The Garfield Show. Bumpass has said he was proud of the certificate he received for the nomination, but "there wasn't really a competition because one of the other nominees was June Foray and she is royalty in the animation world ... There was no way any of the other three guys had a chance. In fact, if any of us had won, there would have been a riot in that studio [The Beverly Hilton]." He said he was "happy to lose to June Foray" and "very pleased and grateful to get a nomination".

title: Squidward Tentacles