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Batanes

Batanes, officially the Province of Batanes (Provinsiya nu Batanes; Ilocano: Probinsia ti Batanes; Lalawigan ng Batanes, ), is an archipelagic province in the Philippines, administratively part of the Cagayan Valley region. It is the northernmost province in the Philippines, and the smallest, both in population and land area. The capital is Basco, located on the island of Batan.

The island group is located approximately 162 km north of the Luzon mainland and about 190 km south of Taiwan (Pingtung County), separated from the Babuyan Islands of Cagayan Province by the Balintang Channel, and from Taiwan by the Bashi Channel.

Etymology
The name Batanes is a hispanicised plural form derived from the Ivatan endonym Batan.

Early history
The ancestors of today's Ivatans descended from Austronesians who migrated to the islands 4,000 years ago during the Neolithic period. They lived in fortified mountain areas called idjangs and drank sugar-cane wine, or palek. They used gold as currency and were farmers. They were seafarers and boat-builders. Batanes was a major site for the Maritime Jade Road, one of the most extensive sea-based trade networks of a single geological material in the prehistoric world, operating for 3,000 years from 2000 BCE to 1000 CE.

Spanish colonial era
In 1687, the British explorer, privateer, and naturalist William Dampier, known for kidnapping indigenous peoples in the Philippines and selling them as slaves in Europe, visited the islands and named them in honour of prominent Dutch and British figures. Itbayat was named "Orange Isle" after William of Orange. Batan was named "Grafton Isle" after Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton. Sabtang Isle was named "Monmouth Isle" after James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth. During his stay in August and September 1687, Dampier made valuable observations about settlement types and subsistence of the inhabitants of the Batanes. He mentioned the existence of terraced and defended settlements on elevated terrain (now known as ijang), and listed various types of types of tubers and vegetables, and pigs and goats as common food sources, but notably no wet rice or cattle.

In 1783, the Spanish claimed Batanes as part of the Philippines under the rule of Governor-General José Basco y Vargas. Batanes was ruled as part of the Provincia de Cagayan. The Bashi Channel was increasingly used by English East India Company ships and the Spanish authorities brought the islands under their direct administration to prevent them falling under British control. The Ivatan remained on their idjang castle-fortresses for some time. In 1790, Governor Guerrero decreed that Ivatans were to live in the lowlands and leave their remote idjang. The mangpus, or indigenous Ivatan leaders, headed by the Ivatan hero Aman Dangat, revolted against the Spanish invaders.

Using guns, the Spanish ended the revolution, killing Aman Dangat and several other Ivatan leaders. Basco and Ivana were the first towns established under full Spanish control. Mahatao was then administered by Basco, while Uyugan and Sabtang, by Ivana. Itbayat was not organized until the 1850s, its coast being a ridge. Soon, Ilocanos came to the islands and integrated with the local population.

Roads, ports, bridges, churches and government buildings were built in this time. Limestone technology used by the Spanish spread to the islands, making bridges strong and fortified. Some of these bridges still remain at Ivana and Mahatao. By 1890, many Ivatans were in Manila, and became ilustrados, who then brought home with them the revolutionary ideas of the Katipunan. These Ivatans, who were then discontented with Spanish rule, killed the ruling General Fortea and declared the end of Spanish rule.

American colonial era
Toward the end of the Spanish administration, Batanes was made a part of Cagayan. Due to historical reasons from that time, some segments of Taiwan society argue that the islands should not belong to the Philippines. Batanes was created as a sub-province of Cagayan in August 20, 1907 by the approval of Act No. 1693. In 1909, the new American authorities organized it into an independent province, upon the approval of Act No. 1952. During the American colonial period, additional public schools were constructed and more Ivatan became aware of their place in the Philippines.

In 1920, the first wireless telegraph was installed, followed by an airfield in 1930. New roads were constructed and the Batanes High School was instituted.

Japanese occupation
Because of their strategic location, the islands was one of the first points occupied by invading Japanese imperial forces at the outbreak of the Pacific War. The morning of December 8, 1941, the Batan Task Force from Taiwan landed on the Batan Islands, which became the first American territory occupied by the Japanese. The purpose of the invasion was to secure the existing small airfield outside Basco, which was accomplished without resistance. Japanese fighters from Basco took part in the raid on Clark Air Base the following day. Over the next several days, the success of the Japanese bombing of Clark Field rendered a base at Basco unnecessary, and on December 10, 1941, the naval combat force was withdrawn to participate in the invasion of Camiguin.

As part of an administrative reorganization, the province of Batanes was downgraded into a municipality of Cagayan from 1942 to 1944. Upon its restoration, Victor de Padua, an Ilocano who was one of the first School Superintendents on Batan was made Provincial Governor. Early in 1945 the island was liberated by the Philippine Commonwealth forces of the 1st and 12th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army.

Philippine independence
Batanes was briefly marred by political violence during the 1969 presidential elections, when the Philippine Constabulary's Special Forces allowed motorcycle-riding goons dubbed the "Suzuki boys" to secure the victory of Rufino Antonio Jr., an ally of President Ferdinand Marcos, as representative of the Lone District of Batanes in the House of Representatives of the Philippines through a campaign of terror and intimidation. The resulting outcry led to the Supreme Court decrying the "rape of democracy" in the province, and annulled Antonio's victory in 1970 in favor of his rival, Jorge Abad.

In 1984, Pacita Abad, the foremost Ivatan visual artist, became the first woman to be awarded the Ten Outstanding Young Men (TOYM) award, breaking 25 years of male dominance. In her acceptance speech, she said, "it was long overdue that Filipina women were recognized, as the Philippines was full of outstanding women" and referred proudly to her mother.

In 1993, the Batanes Protected Landscape and Seascape, which encompassed the entire province, was listed in the Tentative List of the Philippines for UNESCO World Heritage Site inscription in the future.

In 1997, the Indigenous Peoples Rights act or IPRA was passed in Philippine Congress. The law paved the way for the indigenous territorial rights of the Ivatans. The province has since promoted its Ivatan roots. Part of the Ilocano population has returned to mainland Luzon. On December 7, 2004, Pacita Abad died after finishing her last international art work while suffering from cancer.

Geography
The province has a total area of 219.01 km2 comprising ten islands situated within the Luzon Strait between the Balintang Channel and Taiwan. The islands are sparsely populated and subject to frequent typhoons. The three largest islands, Batan, Itbayat, and Sabtang, are the only inhabited islands.

The northernmost island in the province, also the northernmost land in the entire Philippines, is Mavulis (or Y'ami) Island. Other islands in the chain are Misanga (or North), Ditarem, Siayan, Diogo (or Dinem), Ivuhos, and Dequey. The islands are part of the Luzon Volcanic Arc.

Topography
Almost one-half of Batanes is hills and mountains. Batan Island is generally mountainous on the north and southeast. It has a basin in the interior. Itbayat Island slopes gradually to the west, being mountainous and hilly along its northern, eastern coast. On Sabtang, mountains cover the central part, making the island slope outward to the coast.

The islands are situated between the vast expanse of the waters of Bashi Channel and Balintang Channel, where the Pacific Ocean merges with the China Sea. The area is a sea lane between the Philippines and Japan, China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. It is rich with marine resources, including the rarest sea corals in the world.

The province is hilly and mountainous, with only 1,631.5 hectares or 7.1% of its area level to undulating terrain. 78.2% or 17,994.4 hectares vary from rolling hills to steep and very steep. Forty-two percent (42%) or 9,734.40 hectares are steep to very steep land. Because of the terrain of the province, drainage is good and prolonged flooding is non-existent.

The main island of Batan has the largest share of level and nearly level lands, followed by Itbayat and Sabtang, respectively. Itbayat has gently rolling hills and nearly level areas on semi-plateaus surrounded by continuous massive cliffs rising from 20 to(-) above sea level, with no shorelines. Sabtang has its small flat areas spread sporadically on its coasts, while its interior is dominated by steep mountains and deep canyons. Batan Island and Sabtang have intermittent stretches of sandy beaches and rocky shorelines.

The terrain of the province, while picturesque at almost every turn, has limited the potential for expansion of agriculture in an already very small province.

Climate
Batanes has a tropical climate (Köppen climate classification Am). The average yearly temperature is 26.0 C. The average monthly temperature ranges from 22.0 C in January to 28.5 C in July, similar to that of Southern Taiwan. Precipitation is abundant throughout the year. The rainiest month is August. The driest month is April. November to February are the coldest months.

There is a misconception that Batanes is constantly battered by typhoons. Batanes is mentioned frequently in connection with typhoons, because it holds the northernmost weather station in the Philippines, thus, it is a reference point for all typhoons that enter the Philippine area. In September 2016, Typhoon Meranti impacted the entire province, including a landfall on Itbayat.

Administrative divisions
Batanes is subdivided into 6 municipalities, all encompassed by a lone congressional district.

Barangays
The 6 municipalities of the province comprise a total of 29 barangays. Ihuvok II in Basco was the most populous in 2010, and Nakanmuan in Sabtang was the least.

Demographics
The population of Batanes in the 2020 census was 18,831 people,. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

The natives are called Ivatans. They share prehistoric cultural and linguistic commonalities with the Babuyan on Babuyan Island and the Tao people of Orchid Island.

This divided homeland is a result of the Dutch invasion of Taiwan in 1624 (Dutch Formosa) and Spanish invasion in 1626 (Spanish Formosa). The northern half of the Ivatan homeland, Formosa and Orchid Island were part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This area came under Dutch governance. The Dutch were expelled in 1662 by forces of the Chinese Southern Ming dynasty, led by the Chinese pirate Koxinga who then set himself up as The King of Taiwan.

The southern half of the Ivatan homeland, the islands of Batanes, was reinforced and fortified by Spanish refugees from Formosa, before being formally joined in the 18th century with the Spanish government in Manila.

An Ilocano minority population lives in Batanes. Some have left and returned to mainland Luzon.

The main languages spoken in Batanes are Ivatan, which is spoken on the islands of Batan and Sabtang. Itbayaten is spoken primarily on the island of Itbayat. The Ivatan which is dominant in the province is considered to be one of the Austronesian languages. From college level down to elementary level, the language is widely spoken. The Ivatans widely speak and understand the Ilocano (lingua franca of northern Luzon), Tagalog, and English languages.

Batanes Ilocanos are bilingual in Ilocano and Ivatan. They speak Ilocano with an Ivatan accent.

Ivatan-speaking communities can be found in almost every part of the country, mainly in mainland Luzon and in Bukidnon, Lanao and Cotabato in Mindanao, as well as overseas.

Religion
The large majority (94%) of the island's people adhere to Roman Catholicism. The remaining faiths are other Christian Churches.

Ecology

An extensive survey of the ecology of Batanes provided the scientific basis for confirming the need for a national park in Batanes protecting the Batanes protected landscapes and seascapes, proposed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, submitted in August 1993. An effort is underway to declare the whole province, along with the sugar central sites in Negros, as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Flora and fauna
The province is the home of the unique conifer species Podocarpus costalis. Although it is reportedly growing in some other places such as coasts of Luzon, Catanduanes and even Taiwan, full blossoming and fruiting are observed only in Batanes. Its fruiting capacity on the island remains a mystery but is likely due to several factors such as climate, soil and type of substratum of the island.

Several species of birds, bats, reptiles and amphibians inhabit the island. Many of those are endemic to the Philippines. The island is a sanctuary of different migratory birds during winter in the Northern Hemisphere.

Economy
About 75% of the Ivatans are farmers and fishermen. The rest are employed in the government and services sector. Garlic and cattle are major cash crops. Ivatans plant camote (sweet potato), cassava, gabi or tuber and a unique variety of white uvi. Sugarcane is raised to produce palek, a kind of native wine, and vinegar.

In recent years, fish catch has declined due to the absence of technical know-how. Employment opportunities are scarce. Most of the educated Ivatans have migrated to urban centers or have gone abroad.

A wind diesel generating plant was commissioned in 2004.

Distance and bad weather work against its economic growth. Certain commodities like rice, soft drinks, and gasoline carry a 75% to 100% mark-up over Manila retail prices.

Transportation
The island province of Batanes is accessible by air, via Basco Airport and Itbayat Airport. There are daily flights from Manila by Philippine Airlines bound to Basco Airport at Batan Island. There are also flights from Tuguegarao City (Cagayan) by Sky Pasada as of 2024. These two airlines make Batan Island accessible from the mainland via air travel. The other local airlines previously serving Basco Airport have stopped their transport services after the COVID 19 Pandemic. As of 2024, PAL Express has flown to Batanes since May 2013. Meanwhile, Itbayat, an island Municipality of the Province of Batanes, is accessible via Basco Airport. There are no direct flights from the mainland to Itbayat. Itbayat may also be accessed via ferry boats from Basco. Meanwhile, Sabtang, also an island municipality like Itbayat, is accesible via ferry boats from Batan Island, particularly from Ivana Port, a Municipality of in the main Island of Batan.

Values
The Ivatan people of Batanes are one of the most egalitarian societies in the Philippines. The prime motivator of the cultural values of the Ivatans are imbibed in their pre-colonial belief systems of respecting nature and all people. The Ivatans, both the older and younger generations, have one of the highest incidences of social acceptance to minority groups in the country.

The Ivatans have a high respect for the elderly and the prowess of natural phenomena such as waves, sea breeze, lightning, thunders, earthquakes, and wildlife congregations. Discriminating someone based on skin color, ethnic origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, and traditions on nature is unacceptable in Ivatan values. Land grabbing is a grave crime in Ivatan societies, making ancestral domain certification an important part of Ivatan jurisprudence since the enactment of the IPRA Law.

Heritage
The entire province is listed in the UNESCO tentative list for inscription in the World Heritage List. The government has been finalizing the site's inscription, establishing museums and conservation programs since 2001. Seven intangible heritage elements of the Ivatan have been set by the Philippine government in its initial inventory in 2012. The elements are undergoing a process to be included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.

Natural

 * Sabtang Island is undisturbed and unspoiled. It has intermittent white sand beaches with steep mountains and deep canyons with small level areas sporadically found along the coastline. Southwest of Batan Island, Sabtang is accessible by 30-minute falowa ride from Radiwan Port in Ivana. Sabtang Island is also the take-off point for Ivuhos Island from Barangay Nakanmuan.
 * Itbayat Island is located north of Batan Island. Itbayat is shaped like a giant bowl. The island is surrounded by massive boulders and cliffs rising from 20 to(-) above sea level and has no shoreline. It has a dirt airstrip for light aircraft. A regular ferry runs the Batan-Itbayat route. Travel time is about four hours by falowa from Basco Seaport. A light plane flies from Basco Airport to Itbayat at around P1,875 per person and leaves only when the plane is full.
 * Batan Island is the most populated island of the province. It is composed of four municipalities: Basco, Ivana, Uyugan, and Mahatao. Basco is the center of commerce and the seat of the provincial government.
 * Mount Iraya is a dormant volcano standing at 1,517 m whose last eruption was recorded in 505 AD. Mountaineering, trekking, and trailblazing are recommended sports activities on the mountain. Walking distance from Basco, the top of Mt. Iraya can be reached in about three hours.
 * Mavulis Island is the northernmost island of Batanes. From this location, one can see Formosa (Taiwan) on a clear day. Tatus or coconut crabs abound on the island surrounded by rich marine life.
 * Di-atay Beach is a cove with multi-colored rocks and white sand ideal for picnics and beachcombing. Located along the highway of Mahatao, it is 9.85 km from Basco.
 * Songsong in Chadpidan Bay is an hour of exhilarating trek from Basco proper (3 km). It is famous for its beautiful sunset view.
 * Naidi Hills is walking distance from Basco.
 * Chawa Cave is for the more adventurous. An enchanted cave with a natural salt bed whose mouth opens to the south China Sea and is accessible through the boulders of Chawa Point in Mahatao. It is 4 km from Basco.
 * Sitio Diura at Racuj-a-Ide is the fishermen's village at Mananoy Bay. Fishing season is marked by a festival in mid-March called Kapayvanuvanua. Visitors are treated with fresh fish delicacies from the Pacific Ocean. Within the area is the legendary Spring of Youth and living cave with crystal limestone formations. The bay is 9 km from Basco.
 * Nakabuang Cave is 5.5 km from San Vicente Centro in Sabtang.
 * Mt. Matarem is an extinct volcano 495 m at its summit. It is 8 km from Basco.
 * White Beach at Vatang, Hapnit, and Mavatuy Point, all in Mahatao.
 * Storm-proof Stone houses in Batanes many residents during typhoon made up their already-fortified houses with wood and secured the roofs with nets and ropes. This was done to ensure that the structures—which symbolize the Ivatan's strength and resilience against disasters—outlast the high-pressure winds of a typhoon that is expected to unleash. Tapangkos or covering were also installed on the doors and windows of several buildings in Batanes, including the capitol building. During heavy storms, it was also a time for Bayanihan of the residents as they helped each other tie-down roofs.

Man-made

 * Radar Tukon was a United States weather station on a hilltop. It offers a magnificent 360-degree view of Batan Island, the South China Sea, Mt. Iraya, Basco proper, boulder lined cliffs and the Pacific Ocean. At present, it houses the northernmost weather station in the Philippines, the Basco Radar Station, and is only 2.75 km from Basco.
 * Old Loran Station housed a US Coast Guard detachment for almost two decades and is about 25 km from Basco.
 * Ruins Of Songsong is a ghost barangay which is a cluster of roofless shells of old stone houses abandoned after a tidal wave that hit the island of Batan in the 1950s. It has a long stretch of beach. The ruins are 23 km from Basco.
 * San Jose Church in Ivana was built in 1814. It has a crenelated fortress-like campanile. The church fronts the Ivana Seaport and is 14 km from Basco.
 * Kanyuyan Beach & Port at Baluarte Bay in Basco is the port of call of the cargo ships bringing goods from Manila.
 * San Carlos Borromeo Church and a convent at Mahatao are 6 km from Basco. It was completed in 1789 and still retains its centuries-old features.
 * Idjangs or fortified stone fortresses where the native Ivatans' ancestors migrated to Batanes as early as 4,000 BC lived in them for defensive cover.
 * Fundacion Pacita is a lodging house and restaurant, which was formerly owned by Pacita Abad, the most iconic Ivatan visual artist. The house has been redecorated and filled with numerous art works of Pacita Abad after she died in 2004.

Historical

 * Radiwan Point at Ivana Seaport is where the Katipuneros landed on September 18, 1898. It is also the ferry station of the falowas plying the islands of Sabtang and Itbayat.
 * Boat-shaped Stone Grave Markers, Chuhangin Burial Site, Ivuhos Island, Sabtang, Batanes
 * Chavulan Burial Jar Site, Ivuhos Island, Sabtang Island
 * Arrangement of Stone with Holes, Sumnanga, Sabtang
 * Columnar Stones, Post Holes, Stone Anchors, Itbud Idyang, Uyugan, Batanes
 * Arrangement of Stone Walls, Idyang Site, Basco, Batanes
 * Paso Stone Formation, Ivuhos Island, Sabtang, Batanes
 * Columnar Stone with Holes, Mahatao, Batanes

Intangible heritage
In 2012, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the ICHCAP of UNESCO published Pinagmulan: Enumeration from the Philippine Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The first edition of the UNESCO-backed book included (1) Laji, (2) Kapayvanuvanuwa Fishing Ritual, (3) Kapangdeng Ritual, (4) Traditional Boats in Batanes, (5) Sinadumparan Ivatan House Types, (6) Ivatan Basketry, and (7) Ivatan (Salakot) Hat Weaving, signifying their great importance to Philippine intangible cultural heritage. The local government of Batanes, in cooperation with the NCCA, is given the right to nominate the 7 distinct elements into the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.

title: Batanes


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Macedonius I of Constantinople

Macedonius (Greek: Μακεδόνιος; died after 360) was a Greek bishop of Constantinople from 342 up to 346, and from 351 until 360. He inspired the establishment of the Pneumatomachi (also called Macedonians), a sect later declared heretical.

Biography
After Bishop Alexander's death in 336, his orthodox followers supported Paul I of Constantinople. On the other hand, the Arians rallied round Macedonius. The former was ordained bishop, but did not hold his bishopric long. The Semi-Arian emperor Constantius II came to Constantinople, convened a synod of Arian bishops, banished Paul I, and, to the disappointment of Macedonius, translated Eusebius of Nicomedia to the vacant see. This was thought to have been in 338.

Eusebius's death in 341 restarted hostilities between the partisans of Paul and Macedonius. Paul returned, and was introduced into the Irene church of Constantinople; Arian bishops immediately ordained Macedonius in St. Paul's church. So violent did the tumult become that Constantius sent his general Hermogenes to eject Paul for a second time. His soldiers met with open resistance; the general was killed and his body dragged through the city.

Constantius at once left Antioch and punished Constantinople by depriving the people of half their daily allowance of corn. Paul was expelled; Macedonius was severely blamed for his part in these disturbances, and for allowing himself to be ordained without imperial sanction; but over all the Arians triumphed. Macedonius was permitted to officiate the church in which he had been consecrated. Paul went to Rome, and he and Athanasius of Alexandria and other orthodox bishops expelled from their sees were sent back by Pope Julius I with letters rebuking those who had deposed them. Philip the prefect executed the fresh orders of the emperor in hurrying Paul into exile to Thessalonica, and in reinstating Macedonius, but not without bloodshed.

Macedonius held the see for about six years, while letters and delegates, the pope and the emperors, synods and counter-synods, were debating and disputing the treatment of Paul and Athanasius. In 349 the alternative of war offered by Constans, emperor of the West, induced Constantius to reinstate Paul; and Macedonius had to retire to a private church. The murder of Constans in 350 placed the East under the sole control of Constantius, and Paul was at once exiled. Imperial edicts followed, which permitted the Arians to claim to be the dominant faction in the church.

Macedonius is said to have signalled his return to power by acts which, if truly reported, brand him as a cruel bigot. The Novatianists suffered perhaps even more fearfully than the orthodox and some of them were stung into a desperate resistance: those of Constantinople removing the materials of their church to a distant suburb of the city; those at Mantinium in Paphlagonia daring to face the imperial soldiers sent to expel them from their home. "The exploits of Macedonius," says Socrates Scholasticus, "on behalf of Christianity, consisted of murders, battles, incarcerations, and civil wars".

An act of presumption finally lost him the imperial favor in 358. The Sepulchre containing the body of Constantine I was in danger of falling to pieces, and Macedonius determined to remove them. The question was made a party one. The orthodox assailed as sacrilege "the disinterment of the supporter of the Nicene faith," the Macedonians pleaded the necessities of structural repair. When the remains were conveyed to the church of Acacius the Martyr, the excited populace met in the church and churchyard; so frightful a carnage ensued that the place was filled with blood and slaughtered bodies. Constantius's anger was great against Macedonius because of the slaughter, but even more because he had removed the body without consulting him.

When Macedonius presented himself at the council of Seleucia in 359, it was ruled that being under accusation it was not proper for him to remain (Socr. ii. 40). His opponents, Acacius, Eudoxius, and others, followed him to Constantinople, and, availing themselves of the emperor's indignation, deposed him in 360 on the ground of cruelty and canonical irregularities. Macedonius retired to a suburb of the city, and died there.

He is said to have elaborated the views with which his name is connected in his retirement. The "Macedonians", his followers, did not believe in the divinity of the Holy Spirit.

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title: Macedonius I of Constantinople


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Silky-flycatcher

The silky-flycatchers are a small family, Ptiliogonatidae, of passerine birds. The family contains only four species in three genera. They were formerly lumped with waxwings and hypocolius in the family Bombycillidae, and they are listed in that family by the Sibley-Monroe checklist. The family is named for their silky plumage and their aerial flycatching techniques, although they are unrelated to the Old World flycatchers (Muscicapidae) and the tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae).

They occur mainly in Central America from Panama to Mexico, with one species, the phainopepla, extending northwards into the southwestern US. Most do not engage in long-distance migration (instead wandering widely in search of fruit), but the phainopepla is migratory over the northern part of its range.

They are related to waxwings, and like that group have soft silky plumage, usually gray or pale yellow in color. All species, with the exception of the black-and-yellow phainoptila, have small crests. They range in size from 18 to 25 cm in length and are mostly slender birds (with the exception again of the black-and-yellow phainoptila). All the species in this family are sexually dimorphic in both plumage color and tail length. Juveniles of both sexes are colored like the female.

These birds eat fruit or insects. The phainopepla is particularly dependent on desert mistletoe, Phoradendron californicum.

They are found in various types of woodland (semi-desert with trees for the phainopepla), and they nest in trees.

title: Silky-flycatcher


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Screen test

A screen test is a method of determining the suitability of an actor or actress for performing on film or in a particular role. It is typically a secondary or later stage in the audition process. The performer is generally given a scene, or selected lines and actions, and instructed to perform in front of a camera to see if they are suitable. The developed film is later evaluated by the relevant production personnel such as the casting director and the director. The actor may be asked to bring a prepared monologue or alternatively, the actor may be given a script to read at sight ("cold reading"). In some cases, the actor may be asked to read a scene, in which another performer reads the lines of another character.

A screen test can also be used to determine the chemistry between two potential actors or actresses, to see if they work well together or not. They may be told to read out their characters' lines from a scene, and perform them together.

Types
Screen tests can also be used to judge the suitability of costume, make-up and other details, but these are generally called costume or make-up tests. Different types of actors can have different tasks for each individual test. For example, a lead for a musical theater-type movie could be requested to sing a popular song or learn a dance routine. Screen tests are routinely used in films and commercials. They are also used for short films.

International actors such as Bruce Lee were given screen tests to demonstrate that they are sufficiently articulate in the relevant language. In Lee's case, for the role of Kato in The Green Hornet, he was asked to converse about Chinese culture in English to judge his grasp of the language, then to demonstrate some martial arts moves to show off his physical skills.

title: Screen test


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User:Jesse h

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title: User:Jesse h


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Eudoxius of Antioch

Eudoxius (Εὐδόξιος; died 370) was the eighth bishop of Constantinople from January 27, 360 to 370, previously bishop of Germanicia and of Antioch. Eudoxius was one of the most influential Arians.

Biography
Eudoxius was from Arabissos of Asia Minor. Eudoxius came to Eustathius, bishop of Antioch between 324 and 331, seeking holy orders. However, Eustathius found his doctrine unsound and refused him. Nevertheless, when Eustathius was deposed, the Arians or Eusebians had everything their own way and admitted Eudoxius to orders and made him bishop of Germanicia, on the confines of Syria, Cilicia, and Cappadocia. This bishopric he held at least 17 years, the period of the principal intrigues against Athanasius, and of the reigns of Constantine the Great's sons.

In 341 the council of the Dedication or Encaenia was held under Placillus at Antioch. Eudoxius of Germanicia attended. He was an Arian pure and simple, a disciple of Aetius, a friend of Eunomius. The council produced four creeds, in which the Eusebian party succeeded in making their doctrine as plausible as might be, and the second of these became known as the "Creed of the Dedication". Athanasius says that Eudoxius was sent with Martyrius and Macedonius to take the new creed of Antioch to Italy. This new creed may, however, have been the Macrostich, or Long Formula, drawn up at a later council of Antioch.

In 343 or 347 the rival councils of Sardica and Philippopolis were held. At the latter was drawn up a creed more Arian than those of Antioch, and it was signed by Eudoxius. Between 355 and 359 Eudoxius was in attendance on the emperor in the West, when news came of the death of Leontius of Antioch. Against the canons, he took over the see of Antioch. Allegedly excusing himself on the plea that the affairs of Germanicia required his presence, Eudoxius hastened to Antioch, and, representing himself as nominated by the emperor, got himself made bishop, and sent Asphalus, a presbyter of Antioch, to make the best of the case at court. Emperor Constantius II wrote to the church of Antioch: "Eudoxius went to seek you without my sending him. . . . To what restraint will men be amenable, who impudently pass from city to city, seeking with a most unlawful appetite every occasion to enrich themselves?". Nonetheless, the emperor confirmed the election.

In the first year of his episcopate at Antioch Eudoxius held a council, which received the creed of Sirmium. An idea may be formed of the Homoousian reception of his sermons from three different sources. Hilary of Poitiers, then in the East, heard Eudoxius in his cathedral, and wished his ears had been deaf. Theodoret and Epiphanius of Cyprus reported him as boasting that he had the same knowledge about God as God had about Himself.

In September 359, a Council of Seleucia was held at Seleucia Isauria, the orthodox forming a very small minority. The majority signed the "Creed of the Dedication"; Eudoxius who was present, was deposed by Basil of Ancyra's party, and appears to have sought the shelter of the court at Constantinople. Here, by the aid of the Acacians, he secured his appointment as bishop on the deposition of Macedonius, and on January 27, 360, took possession of his throne in the presence of 72 bishops. On February 15 the great church of Constantinople, Saint Sophia, begun in 342 by the emperor Constantius II, was dedicated.

Eudoxius, it is claimed, mounting his episcopal throne before the expectant multitude of courtiers, ecclesiastics, and citizens, began with the words: "The Father is asebes, the Son is eusebes." A great tumult of indignation arose on all sides in St. Sophia. The orator, unabashed, explained: "The Father is asebes because He honours nobody; the Son is eusebes because He honours the Father." The new cathedral echoed with peals of uncontrollable laughter. Thus, says Socrates Scholasticus, these tore the church to pieces by their captious subtilties.

Eudoxius consecrated his friend Eunomius to the see of Cyzicus; but such complaints were brought to the emperor Constantius II that he ordered Eudoxius to depose him. Eudoxius acquiesced to the emperor's command and quietly persuaded Eunomius to retire.

In 365 an attack was made on Eudoxius by the semi-Arians, now called Macedonians. Holding a meeting at Lampsacus, they signed the "Creed of the Dedication," cited Eudoxius and his party before them, and, as they did not come, sentenced them to deprivation; but emperor Valens refused to confirm the proceedings.

In 367 Valens, as he was setting out for the Gothic War, was induced by his wife Albia Dominica to receive baptism from Eudoxius. In the same year he issued, likely under the advice of Eudoxius, an order that such bishops as had been banished by Constantius and had returned under Julian should again be exiled.

The years during which Eudoxius and Valens acted together were allegedly troubled by portents, which Homoousians attributed to the anger of Heaven at Valens' banishment of bishops who would not admit Eudoxius to their communion. Eudoxius died in 370.

title: Eudoxius of Antioch


text:
Macquarie Dictionary

The Macquarie Dictionary is a dictionary of Australian English. It is considered by many to be the standard reference on Australian English. It also pays considerable attention to New Zealand English. Originally it was a publishing project of Jacaranda Press, a Brisbane educational publisher, for which an editorial committee was formed, largely from the Linguistics department of Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. It is now published by Macquarie Dictionary Publishers, an imprint of Pan Macmillan Australia Pty Ltd. In October 2007 it moved its editorial office from Macquarie University to the University of Sydney, and later to the Pan Macmillan offices in the Sydney central business district.

In addition to its two-volume flagship dictionary, shorter editions including the Macquarie Concise Dictionary, Macquarie Compact Dictionary, Macquarie Budget Dictionary and Macquarie Little Dictionary are published.

History
The first seven editions of the Macquarie Dictionary were edited by lexicographer Susan Butler, who joined the project in 1970 as a research assistant, and was its chief editor by the time the first edition was published in 1981. Butler retired as the Macquarie's editor in March 2018 after 48 years with the publisher.

A detailed history of the dictionary and its associated publications is Pat Manser's More Than Words: The Making of the Macquarie Dictionary (Sydney: Macquarie Dictionary, 2021).

First Edition
The original version of the Macquarie Dictionary was based on Hamlyn's Encyclopedic World Dictionary of 1971, which in turn was based on Random House's American College Dictionary of 1947, which was based on the 1927 New Century Dictionary, which was based on The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language, which itself was based on Noah Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language second edition of 1841.

The first edition had an introduction by Australian historian Manning Clark.

Since its first publication in 1981, its use has grown so that it has come to rival longer-established dictionaries from elsewhere in the English-speaking world as a standard authority on the English language within Australia.

Second Edition
The second edition was published in 1991 and introduced encyclopedic content to many entries. It has an introduction by Australian author Donald Horne.

Third Edition
The third edition, published in 1997, made use of an in-house corpus of Australian writing, Ozcorp, to add a large number of examples of Australian usage, to give some of the flavour of an historical dictionary. This edition also gave a good coverage of English in Asia. It has an introduction by Australian author David Malouf.

Fourth Edition
The fourth edition, published in 2005, increased the number of citations, includes etymologies for many phrases, and pays particular attention to Australian regionalisms. It has an introduction by Australian author Thomas Keneally.

Fifth Edition
The fifth edition was published in October 2009 and places particular emphasis on words relating to the environment and climate change. It has an introduction by the then Australian Governor-General Quentin Bryce.

Sixth Edition
The sixth edition was published in October 2013 and includes an update of new words and senses as well as words and phrases from other varieties of English that impinge on Australian English, such as British English, American English and English in Southeast Asia, China and India. It has an introduction by Australian author Les Murray.

Seventh Edition
The seventh edition of the Macquarie Dictionary was published on 28 February 2017. With a foreword by Australian author Kate Grenville, this edition included thousands of new words and senses along with Australian regionalisms and a collection of words from the Australian experience in World War I.

Eighth Edition
The eighth edition of the Macquarie Dictionary was published on 28 July 2020. With a foreword by Australian author Kim Scott, it featured 3500 new entries.

Ninth Edition
The ninth edition of the Macquarie Dictionary was published on 12 September 2023. With a foreword by Australian author Markus Zusak, the ninth edition featured hundreds of new entries and updated definitions.

Preferred spellings
The dictionary records standard Australian English spelling, which is closer to British than American spelling, with spellings like colour, centre, defence and practice/practise (noun/verb). It gives -ise spellings first, listing -ize spellings as acceptable variants, unlike the Oxford English Dictionary and some other dictionaries of British English, which continue to prefer -ize to -ise in spite of the opposite tendency among the British general public (see Oxford spelling). Labour, however, is spelled Labor when referring to the Australian political party. One difference from British spelling is the noun program, which the Macquarie Dictionary gives as the preferred spelling in preference to programme.

Word of the Year
Each year the editors select a short-list of new words added to the dictionary, and invite the public to vote on their favourite. The public vote is held in December and results in the People's Choice winner. There is also a word selected by a committee.

Word for Word podcast
The team behind the Macquarie Dictionary produced a podcast called Word for Word from 2016 through to the end of 2021. The podcast explored surprising histories behind everyday words and phrases, went behind the scenes with the dictionary editors, and highlighted some of Australia's word lovers, from Scrabble champions to hip-hop artists.

Versions
A number of smaller versions of the dictionary are available, including a compact edition, as well as companion volumes such as a thesaurus. The latest edition of the main complete version of the Macquarie Dictionary is the eighth, published in 2020. Both the complete dictionary and a student dictionary are available as iOS applications.

Macquarie Dictionary Online
The Macquarie Dictionary Online is the most comprehensive and up-to-date version of the dictionary available, with new words, phrases, and definitions added twice annually. It has the greatest coverage of encyclopedic and non-encyclopedic entries, and provides spoken pronunciations. Subscriptions are available to the complete version as well as a student version.

Apps
The Macquarie Dictionary is available in two iOS app editions: the Macquarie Dictionary Complete app, and the Macquarie School Dictionary app.

title: Macquarie Dictionary


text:
Perry Farrell

Perry Farrell (born Peretz Bernstein; March 29, 1959) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician referred to as the "Godfather of Alternative Music". Farrell began his career with Psi Com in the early 1980s, before becoming the frontman of the band Jane's Addiction. He became well known for his success with Jane's Addiction; the band quickly became a key act in the '80s Los Angeles music scene, blending punk, metal, and psychedelic rock to create a unique sound. Their daring live performances and experimental approach resonated with disillusioned youth, contributing to the rise of alternative music as a form of rebellion and self-expression.

As part of Jane's Addiction farewell in 1991, Farrell founded Lollapalooza, which has evolved into an annual festival of multiple genres. Farrell is the frontman of Porno for Pyros, who are releasing new music and touring North America throughout 2024.

Farrell has also released a number of solo albums, and also launched a number of other music related projects, including Kind Heaven Orchestra and Heaven After Dark.

Early life
Peretz Bernstein was born in the Queens borough of New York City on March 29, 1959. He was raised in a Jewish family, his mother was an artist and his father was a jeweler. When Farrell was three, his mother committed suicide, an event which he later wrote about in Jane's Addiction songs "Then She Did" and "Twisted Tales". In an interview with The Guardian, Farrell spoke of his mother's suicide, saying, "'I remember it, yeah. There are some things that have deep-seated emotions for me, but you can't change it and you move on. I think it has a huge part in my appreciation for life, for sure.'" He spent his grade-school years in Woodmere, Long Island, before his family relocated to Florida.

Farrell's family moved to North Miami Beach, Florida when he was a teenager. At the age of seventeen, after graduating from high school, Farrell wanted adventure in his life and caught a bus to California. Aside from some belongings, Farrell took a surfboard, art materials and some weed. He stated in interviews since that he really wanted to focus on surfing, but had at that point in his life also started taking an interest in music with influences from The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, Sly and the Family Stone and James Brown.

He spent time as a club singer for a short period in the early 1980s while living in Los Angeles. Farrell also stated that he worked construction, waited tables and spent some of his time in LA living in his car. While living in California, he discovered David Bowie, Iggy Pop and Lou Reed.

1981–1991: Psi Com & founding Jane's Addiction
In the early 1980s, Farrell was living in LA and noticed an ad in a local magazine. It had been placed by Vince Duran and Aaron Sherer, who were looking for a drummer for their band. Following discussions, it was agreed Farrell would become the lead singer and frontman for the post-punk, goth rock band, Psi Com. At the time, they mixed with a number of upcoming bands from California, including X, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Fishbone, Oingo Boingo, and the Minutemen. While performing with Psi Com, it was the first time the pseudonym Perry Farrell was used by Bernstein, since it was a play on the word "peripheral".

Despite being together for over three years, the band only released a small batch of cassettes called "Worktape 1". In 1985, they attempted to record more music at Radio Tokyo Studios in Venice Beach, California, with Ethan James responsible for a lot of the production. Problems with distribution meant the new tracks weren't released while the band was together, but later released by Triple X in the 1990s after demand to hear the tracks grew.

Psi Com finally ended recording and playing together in late 1985. Farrell had previously met guitarist Eric Avery through mutual friends. Avery was classmates with both drummer Stephen Perkins and Dave Navarro. Avery and Farrell decided to jam together, forming the initial foundation for Jane's Addiction. Perkins was invited to join, followed by Navarro.

Jane's Addiction became popular in the mid-1980s, starting in LA but soon becoming a household name across the United States. They built a rabid fan base with high-energy shows in small venues across Los Angeles. The band released three albums in quick succession, Jane's Addiction, Nothing's Shocking and Ritual de lo Habitual. A B-sides album from the Ritual sessions, titled Live and Rare, was released in Japan. In late 1991, Jane's Addiction announced they were splitting. Numerous reasons and rumours circulated including Farrell's battle with addiction, but also many baseless rumors. Once the rumours died down, it became evident Farrell and Avery had different visions on the band's progression.

1992–1999: Porno for Pyros, solo music & Jane's Addiction reunion
Shortly after Jane's Addiction split up, Farrell and drummer Stephen Perkins formed Porno for Pyros. Guitarist Peter DiStefano and bass player Martyn LeNoble completed the original four members of the band. Porno for Pyros undertook a huge North American tour in 1992, prior to the release of their eponymous first album. The album was eventually released in 1993, with demand for new music from the band pushing the album to the No. 3 position on the Billboard top 200 list. The video for the album's second single, "Pets", received heavy airplay on MTV. Following the album's release, Porno for Pyros continued a heavy touring schedule, including an appearance at Woodstock '94 along with a cameo on HBO's The Larry Sanders Show. Unlike the relatively straight-ahead rock shows that were the hallmark of live Jane's Addiction, Porno for Pyros live shows relied heavily on props and special effects (including pyrotechnics).

In 1997, Jane's Addiction reformed for a brief reunion tour with Flea replacing Avery on bass. Kicking off his solo career, Farrell released rev in 1999, a compilation featuring songs from his previous two bands as well as two new solo songs.

2000–2008: Jane's Addiction new music & Satellite Party
In 2001, he released his debut solo album, Song Yet to Be Sung, with lyrics inspired by Kabbalah. Farrell again toured with Jane's Addiction later that year. He has been credited with changing the fortunes of the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, after performing in 2001. Coachella's first year in 1999 was considered a disaster, which led to the event not being held in 2000. In 2001, a decision was made to organize the festival again, but just a few months before the festival was set to occur, there was still no headlining group. Farrell, who was friends with the festival organizers, decided to reunite Jane's Addiction for the 2001 event, which helped draw large crowds and allowed the festival to yield a profit (which was not the case in 1999). This began a Coachella tradition of reuniting at least one major act each year.

In 2003, Jane's Addiction released an album, Strays. It quickly became one of their best selling records and was certified Gold in the USA and Silver in UK. They toured extensively in North America and Europe, brought back Lollapalooza for the first time since 1997, as well as performing at the Big Day Out festivals in Australia and New Zealand. Internal struggles saw the band split up again in early 2004. A "best of" release following the breakup of this incarnation of the band was released in 2006, titled Up from the Catacombs.

Farrell formed a new band/theatrical entity entitled the Satellite Party. Satellite Party is a concept album and is the story of a fictional band of musicians called the Solutionists who are trying to change the world. Farrell conceived the project with his wife Etty Lau Farrell. Etty sings and plays her part on the record as well as the live stage shows. Satellite Party made its debut in Los Angeles at The Key Club on July 18, 2005, followed by a performance at Lollapalooza 2005, held in Grant Park in downtown Chicago on July 24, 2005.

Their debut album, Ultra Payloaded, was released on May 29, 2007, on Columbia Records, with contributions from artists such as John Frusciante and Flea of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, electronic dance producers Hybrid, former Red Hot Chili Peppers/Pearl Jam drummer Jack Irons, Joy Division/New Order bassist Peter Hook, and Fergie of the Black Eyed Peas.

Satellite Party performed at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival on April 27, 2007. On June 8 they performed at the Download Festival at Donington, UK. On June 29 they performed alongside Pearl Jam, Kings of Leon and Queens of the Stone Age at Rock Werchter, Belgium. They performed at Buzz Beach Ball 3 in Kansas City (a concert sponsored by KRBZ), and EndFest 16 in Seattle.

The four original members of Jane's Addiction played their first show together in 17 years at the first United States edition of the NME Awards on April 23, 2008, and played two small shows in Los Angeles during late 2008. Farrell has released a number of solo tracks online, all of them recorded with the involvement of wife Etty Lau. Their song "Go All the Way (Into the Twilight)" appeared on the Twilight film soundtrack.

2009–present: Recent career & Kind Heaven Orchestra
The reunited Jane's Addiction re-debuted at SXSW in 2009 and kicked off a summer tour with Nine Inch Nails. Eric Avery again left the band in late 2009, leaving Farrell, Navarro and Perkins as the remaining members of Jane's Addiction. The band with Dave Sitek on bass released The Great Escape Artist in 2011 and have continued to tour.

In 2018, Farrell announced that he would be the frontman for a new music project, the Kind Heaven Orchestra. Farrell's wife Etty Farrell was on backing vocals, Matt Chamberlain of Pearl Jam, Chris Cheney and keyboardist Matt Rohde from Jane's Addiction also part of the lineup. Kind Heaven Orchestra debuted at the first ever Bill Graham Festival of Lights.

In October 2018, Farrell signed with BMG Rights Management, which released his second studio album Kind Heaven in 2019. The demand for new music by Farrell led to the album reaching 2nd position in the Heatseekers album chart. Metacritic gave the album an aggregate score of 70, meaning the album generally received positive reviews.

In 2020, Jane's Addiction reformed after a three year hiatus to perform at Lollapalooza that year. When asked if we could expect a new album from Jane's Addiction, Farrell stated ''“I wouldn't think albums, I'd think songs. We’ve got so much Jane's material in the can. We'll be releasing a couple of tracks, maybe writing some new ones."''

In February 2022, Farrell launched Heaven After Dark; each event combines music and sensation, visual stimulation, and supports the nurture of up-and-coming artists. Later that year, Heaven After Dark expanded to become its own record label where artists are treated more fairly than traditional models. The label has since gone on to release “Turn Over The World” (Idles remix), Etty Lau Farrell’s "He’s A Rebel” Pink Panda Remix (The Crystal's number 1 single), Telling Stories & Until The Night Fades which was a collaboration between Etty Lau Farrell and award-winning English producer and DJ Hyper in 2023.

In May 2022, Farrell announced he would be releasing a new single titled Mend, with Kind Heaven Orchestra. During the same month, Jane's Addiction had to pull out of performing at Welcome to Rockville after Dave Navarro contracted Covid-19. Farrell on Welcome to Rockville's Facebook page that Porno for Pyros would be reuniting for the first time in 26 years.

Lollapalooza
In 1991, Farrell created Lollapalooza, initially as the farewell tour for Jane's Addiction. It has since become a defining cultural event for alternative music enthusiasts worldwide, showcasing diverse talents and fostering a global community of music and art lovers. Lollapalooza has also become a platform for social change, encouraging activism and environmental consciousness. The festival has since expanded into eight territories around the world including Chicago, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Germany, France, Sweden and India.

Kidzapalooza
In 2005, music producer Tor Hyams approached Farrell with the idea of creating a kids' stage with family-friendly fare at Lollapalooza. Kidzapalooza came to be that year, produced by Hyams and continues to this day with guests like Slash, Patti Smith and LeAnn Rimes appearing in the lineup of artists.

PurimPalooza 2006
In 2006, Farrell performed at Purimpalooza, which celebrates the Jewish holiday of Purim. It was a concert for all ages and presented different Jewish musical groups. It took place in Ruby Skye in San Francisco, and featured bands including Moshav, Chutzpah, and Matisyahu.

Work outside music
Farrell has also made a docudrama titled Gift released in 1993 which featured various songs by Farrell and included Farrell's then-girlfriend Casey Niccoli. Gift was released to VHS home video by Warner Bros but never released to DVD.

He joined forces with Tom Morello and his Axis of Justice tour to raise money for the homeless in Los Angeles and together they both physically removed debris in the Ninth Ward of New Orleans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina to assist local musicians. They also fund-raised for "Road Recovery" a New York non-profit organization which helps young people battling with addiction and other adversities.

Farrell is an environmentalist. He met British prime minister Tony Blair at 10 Downing Street on January 31, 2007, to discuss global warming. He presented Blair with a CD of the Satellite Party track "Woman in the Window".

He worked with Global Cool in 2007 to help promote green living.

Farrell has worked to bring music festivals to Israel, including Lollapalooza, and Jane's Addiction themselves have performed in Israel. However, the Lollapalooza event fell through, with the organizers citing financial concerns and lack of talent willing to perform in Israel. Farrell sang at a "Stand with Israel" party held at 7 World Trade Center which is by Ground Zero in New York City.

Personal life
Farrell met his wife, Etty Lau Farrell, while touring with Jane's Addiction; she was a backing dancer on the tour in 1997. They married in 2002. They have two children.

Discography
Psi Com
 * 1985 Psi Com EP

Jane's Addiction
 * 1987 Jane's Addiction
 * 1988 Nothing's Shocking
 * 1990 Ritual de lo Habitual
 * 1991 Live and Rare (Compilation of B-Sides and the remix of "Been Caught Stealing")
 * 1997 Kettle Whistle (compilation of live tracks, demos and unreleased material)
 * 2003 Strays
 * 2006 Up from the Catacombs (greatest hits album)
 * 2009 A Cabinet of Curiosities (box set)
 * 2011 The Great Escape Artist

Porno for Pyros
 * 1993 Porno for Pyros
 * 1996 Good God's Urge

Kind Heaven Orchestra
 * 2021 Mend (Kind Heaven Orchestra album)

Solo
 * 1999 Rev (Compilation)
 * 2001 Song Yet to Be Sung
 * 2019 Kind Heaven
 * 2021 The Glitz; The Glamour (box set)

Satellite Party
 * 2007 Ultra Payloaded

Miscellaneous musical appearances and collaborations
 * Sampled on the track "Ringfinger" on the Nine Inch Nails album Pretty Hate Machine (1989).
 * Featured on the track "Ripple" on a tribute/environmental benefit to the Grateful Dead called Deadicated (1991).
 * Contributed vocals to the song "Hot Lava" on Chef Aid: The South Park Album (1998).
 * Contributed vocals to the song "Children of Night" along with Exene Cervenka for the Doors tribute album Stoned Immaculate: The Music of the Doors (2000).
 * Featured on the track "King Z" on Mad Professor's "best of" album Method to the Madness (2005).
 * Featured on the track "Time of your Life" on Paul Oakenfold's album Bunkka (2002).
 * Contributed vocals to the song "The Patience Bossa" along with Debbie Harry for the compilation album A World of Happiness (2004).
 * Featured on the track "Revolution Solution" on Thievery Corporation's album The Cosmic Game (2005).
 * Featured on the track "Dogstar" on Hybrid's album I Choose Noise (2006).
 * Featured on the track "Shake My Shit" on the Nightwatchman's album The Fabled City (2008).
 * Contributed the song "Go All the Way (Into the Twilight)" to the Twilight Soundtrack (2008).
 * Contributed the song "Nasty Little Perv" to NCIS: The Official TV Soundtrack (2009).
 * Contributed the song "New Moon" to the compilation album A World of Happiness (2009 re-release only).
 * Contributed vocals to the song "Killing Time" on Infected Mushroom's album Legend of the Black Shawarma (2009).
 * Featured on the track "Honey If You Love Him" on Erasure singer Andy Bell's album Non-Stop (2010).
 * Featured on the track "Blink" on the Zed's Dead's album Somewhere Else (2014).
 * Featured on the track "Got to Get You into My Life" on the Paul McCartney tribute album The Art of McCartney (2014).
 * Featured on the tracks "I Got a Line on You" and "One/Jump into the Fire" on the self-titled album from the supergroup Hollywood Vampires (2015).
 * Featured on the track "I Really Blew It" on the Taylor Hawkins and the Coattail Riders album Get the Money (2019).
 * Featured on the track "Rock On" on the Marc Bolan tribute album AngelHeaded Hipster: The Songs Of Marc Bolan & T. Rex (2020).
 * Featured on the track "Oh the Sunn!" on  the Avalanches album We Will Always Love You (2020)
 * Featured on the track  "So Trendy"  with Sleaford Mods on the album UK Grim (2023)

title: Perry Farrell


text:
Talk:Porno for Pyros

Untitled
Porno for Pyros was not a solo project. It was a band. It featured ex-Jane's Addiction's drummer Al Perkins as well as guitarist Peter DiStefano and basist Martyn LeNoble. Nahum 05:40 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Great! You should add that in! Jeez, there's practically nothing there now. -- ESP 05:43 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Porno for Pyros (named after the orgy of destruction that was the Los Angeles/Rodney King riots) -- I am wondering if that is indeed accurate. I have other information (no reliable attribution right now, however), that Ferrell was browsing a pyrotechnics catalog when the name came to him. Can someone confirm or discredit that? --JG Santa Cruz CALIF USA--66.166.22.146 17:13, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

I saw an interview on MTV in Singapore and I believe you are right, the name came to him while browsing a pyrotechnics catalogue when he showed it to the others and said hey its "Porno for Pyros" the name stuck --CJ Aussie 15:23, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Yes, I recalled reading that the name came from a pyrotechnics catalogue in a Time magazine article which I have found online and confirmed. The Time magazine article as well as an Entertainment Weekly article do draw a connection between the band name, song lyrics, and the LA riots. I will make the edit including these references. Wik-e-wik (talk) 09:12, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Both explanations have relevance- the name originally comes from the catalogue, but the decision to use it for the band also results from its timely relevance- much of the lyrical content and soundscape of the eponymous album is a result of the impact of the riots. For instance 'Black Girlfriend'- 'Ever since the riots all I really wanted was a black girlfriend'- 'Bad Shit' and 'Packin .25'- also refer to violent street scenes and the need to carry arms in LA and precede the calmness of BGF with a comparatively riotous sound. The drummer's name is Steve Perkins not Al. Sorry no refs.

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title: Talk:Porno for Pyros


text:
UPC

UPC may refer to:

Companies

 * UPC Broadband, a European provider of cable television, telephone and broadband content owned by Liberty Global
 * UPC Magyarország, Hungary
 * UPC Switzerland, TV, radio, Internet, telephone provider in Switzerland
 * UPC Poland, TV, Internet, telephone provider in Poland
 * Uranium Participation Corporation, an Ontario-based holding company
 * Union Pacific Corporation, a freight rolling-stock railroad holding company
 * United Pictures Corporation, a mid-1960s American film production company

Institutions

 * Uganda People's Congress, political party in Uganda
 * Union for Peace in the Central African Republic, rebel group in the Central African Republic
 * Union of the Peoples of Cameroon (Union des Populations du Cameroun), political party in Cameroon
 * United Party of Canada, political party in Canada
 * Union for Progress and Reform, political party in Burkina Faso
 * Union of Congolese Patriots, political militia group in Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo
 * United Poultry Concerns, animal rights organization in the USA

Universities

 * Polytechnic University of Catalonia (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya), Barcelona
 * Pilot University of Colombia (Universidad Piloto de Colombia)
 * Peruvian University of Applied Sciences (Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas)
 * University of Plymouth Colleges network
 * University of the Philippines Cebu
 * University Park Campus, Nottingham
 * China University of Petroleum (Huadong)

Law

 * Unified Patent Court, a common patent court of several European countries
 * Uniform Probate Code

Religion

 * Universal Pentecostal Church, also known as The Pentecostal Mission
 * United Pentecostal Church International
 * United Presbyterian Church (disambiguation)

Technology

 * Universal Product Code, a barcode symbology
 * Unified Parallel C, a programming language
 * Uniform Plumbing Code
 * Uplink Power Control
 * Usage Parameter Control, in Asynchronous Transfer Mode networks
 * Unique Porting Code, for mobile number portability in India

Other uses

 * UPC-Arena, an association football stadium in Austria

title: UPC


text:
Talk:List of patriarchs of Antioch

Multiple Patriarchs?
I have a question...when the list gets to the point where Antioch becomes a Crusader state, will there be a list of both Latin and Greek Patriarchs? Or should there be a separate article for the Latin ones? (On the other hand, it may not matter...I can't remember if there were two at the same time, or if they just kept alternating depending on the political situation...) Adam Bishop

 * Adam, as I started on this article, I soon discovered that the lineage of this Patriachate is very much a mess. Only yesterday did I at last understand where the Syriac/Jacobite Church & the Greek Orthodox churches forked in their lineage, & my most recent edits reflect this. (Although there are still some points in this list where I've probably made the wrong decision in names & dates.)

 * My plan at present, is to list in this article the undesputed (well, more or less) line of this office, then link to the Syriac/Jacobite Church & the Greek Orthodox lines, from which there will be linked the branches of the Marionite & Latin lineages. If I can show this to be the cleanest & simplest way to present this information, maybe it will be adopted in the articles on the patriarchs of Alexandria & Jerusalem. (Or maybe I'll show that their way is the best.) -- llywrch 00:10 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I would like to add some clarification here, if I may. I think the lists are in good shape, but I think that anyone who is not aquainted with the church traditions of the Near East might just find it a bit awkward to work out who is who.
 * Gareth Hughes 17:24, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Looking at this list after a long time away from it, the I'm finding it a bit hard to follow due to all of the notes that have since been added to it. And yet the notes help explain the history (& politics) of this see. Does anyone else think that it would be more readable if we put this material into a table format? -- llywrch 15:57, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Chronology
There appear to be problems with the dates on this page, for at least two entries that I looked at. These need to be checked with more rigor. In one case, the martyrdom was in the Decian persecution, and Decius died before the date listed here. The second case is the death Euphrasius, which is here dated 528. I noted the source I consulted; looking further shows that Emperor Justin died in 527. My addition of Nicephorus to the references needs formatting; please lend it the help it requires. Mallonb —Preceding undated comment was added at 05:33, 25 December 2008 (UTC).

 * As far as Justin is concerned, it it the original historian quoted who was wrong not the 528 date. There is a footnote in the new reference explaining this. But thanks. Could be misleading.Student7 (talk) 14:26, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:List of patriarchs of Antioch