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Kerner Commission

The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, known as the Kerner Commission after its chair, Governor Otto Kerner Jr. of Illinois, was an 11-member Presidential Commission established in July 1967 by President Lyndon B. Johnson in to investigate the causes of over 150 riots throughout the country in 1967 and to provide recommendations that would prevent them from reoccurring.

The report was released in 1968 after seven months of investigation. Rather than attributing the rioting to a small group of outsiders or trouble-makers ("riffraff") as many prior riot investigations had done or to radicals or a foreign conspiracy as almost three-fourths of white America believed, the Commission concluded that the rioting was a response to decades of "pervasive discrimination and segregation." Said the Commission, "White racism is essentially responsible for the explosive mixture which has been accumulating in our cities since the end of World War II . . . What white Americans have never fully understood--but what the Black can never forget, is that white society is deeply implicated in the ghetto. White institutions created it, white institutions maintain it, and white society condones it."

The Commission's 426-page report is regarded as "the touchstone for race relations" and as "one of the two seminal works" on race in this country. It was also a bestseller, outselling even the Warren Report which dealt with President Kennedy's assassination.

Background
President Johnson appointed the Commission on July 28, 1967, while rioting was still underway in Detroit. There had been mounting civil unrest in a few predominantly Black and some Puerto Rican neighborhoods since 1965, but what happened in 1967 shocked and terrified much of America as the evening news seemed to regularly show National Guardsmen and police crouching behind parked cars, tanks rumbling down dark streets, towering fires, and blocks and blocks of rubble and broken windows.

In his remarks upon signing the order to establish the Commission, Johnson asked for answers to three basic questions about the riots: "What happened? Why did it happen? What can be done to prevent it from happening again and again?"

Operations
David Ginsburg was selected by President Johnson to serve as the Commission's executive director within two days of the Commission's official creation. Victor Palmieri was then hired by Ginsburg several weeks later to serve as the Commission's deputy executive director. A staff of approximately 200 was quickly hired and an elaborate, multi-faceted strategy for investigating the rioting, determining who had rioted and why, and for developing recommendations was developed. This methodology featured examining the characteristics of 13,000 people who had been arrested for rioting, sending six-member field teams to over twenty cities, interviewing state and local law enforcement personnel, using FBI reports, studying census bureau data, and talking to and conducting public opinion polling of riot area residents.

The Commission was also aided by the work of the National Advisory Panel on Insurance in Riot-Affected Areas, which was appointed by President Johnson and by an advisory panel on private enterprise that the Commission itself created. The insurance committee, which became known as the Hughes Panel after its chairman, New Jersey governor Richard Hughes, was created because of the concern that insurance companies, which had already begun abandoning minority areas in the years before 1967, would only accelerate this trend now that massive property damage had occurred in cities like Newark and Detroit. This committee's recommendations were summarized and included as Chapter 14 in the Kerner Report. The Commission's private enterprise panel was created to identify what incentives might encourage businesses to hire low-income workers or expand or relocate to low-income/minority areas. Its recommendations were included in the "employment" subsection of Chapter 17 in the Kerner Report.

Report summary
The Commission's final work, Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders or Kerner Report, was issued on February 29, 1968. The Report became an instant bestseller, and more than two million Americans bought copies of the 426-page document. Its primary finding was that the riots resulted from Black frustration at the lack of economic opportunity and the manner in which they were treated by white society, especially by the police. Martin Luther King Jr. pronounced the report a "physician's warning of approaching death, with a prescription for life."

The report was made available through the US Government Printing Office, but it was Bantam Books who published the full report that most people purchased or read. Bantam published it in an inexpensive, mass-market paperback book format with an introduction written by Tom Wicker of The New York Times.

The report berated federal and state governments for failed housing, education, and social-service policies. The report also aimed some of its sharpest criticism at the media. "The press has too long basked in a white world looking out of it, if at all, with white men's eyes and white perspective." The report combined a detailed description of how eight riots unfolded and ended with governmental statistics that demonstrated the differences in living conditions between America's Black and white populations. It also included a chapter on African American history and a chapter on how the European immigrant experience differed from what Blacks were experiencing and a vast array of recommendations pertaining to the police, the justice system, property insurance, the media, employment, education, welfare, and housing".

The report's best-known passage warned: "Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white—separate and unequal."

It concluded that the main cause of the violence was white racism and suggested that white America bore much of the responsibility for Black rioting and rebellion. Its study of arrested rioters found that these individuals were not transients, habitual criminals, or unemployed troublemakers. In fact, these individuals were usually lifelong residents of the city where they rioted, they had actually stayed in school a little longer and had previously been arrested no more than the average person from their neighborhood, and they had a job (albeit one that did not pay particularly well).

It is also important to note that neither the Commission nor the FBI found any evidence that the rioting was the result of a local, national or foreign conspiracy.

The Report called for an end to de facto segregation, the creation of new jobs, the construction of new housing, major changes to the welfare program, and the diversification of local police and the media.

The Commission further noted that:

 * "Unless there are sharp changes in the factors influencing Negro settlement patterns within metropolitan areas, there is little doubt that the trend toward Negro majorities will continue."
 * "Providing employment for the swelling Negro ghetto population will require ...opening suburban residential areas to Negroes and encouraging them to move closer to industrial centers..."
 * "[c]ities will have Negro majorities by 1985 and the suburbs ringing them will remain largely all white unless there are major changes in Negro fertility rates, in migration settlement patterns or public policy."
 * "[w]e believe that the emphasis of the program should be changed from traditional publicly built slum based high rise projects to smaller units on scattered sites."

Findings from the Hughes Panel were also published separately from the Kerner Report under a report titled, Meeting The Insurance Crisis Of Our Cities, in January 1968. This panel found that insurance not being available was a contributor toward creating the conditions that spawned these civil disturbances. It specifically found that, from a survey of 3,000 businesses and homeowners in six major cities, 30% of homeowners and 40% of businesses had "faced serious insurance problems".

Reception
The report received widespread media coverage and had many mixed responses. Media coverage primarily looked at the recommendations and the report's summary.

Conservatives disliked that blame was placed on white institutions and society and thought rioters were "let off the hook." The response of Black news groups was mixed towards the report. Some Black newspapers like the New York Amsterdam News and those they interviewed thought that the report did not have any new findings and was simply mirroring what Black people already knew. Others were happy that the report was simply acknowledging racism.

President Johnson, who had already pushed through the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act, largely rejected the Commission's report. It is thought that he disliked it because of a number of reasons: that the report did not adequately acknowledge the accomplishments of his Administration, that its call for "unprecedented levels of funding" was unrealistic and only exacerbated the budget problems that he was already having with Congress, and that he felt that a conspiracy had to be involved given the magnitude of the rioting.

A Harris poll taken about a month after the report was released found that only 37% of surveyed whites believed that the riots were mainly caused by racism. However, an earlier poll taken immediately after the Newark and Detroit riots had found that a much smaller amount—16%--had believed this to be true eight months earlier.

Legacy
In April 1968, one month after the Kerner Report was published, Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated and rioting of protest and grief broke out in more than 100 cities. Although this rioting seemed to indicate that America was on its way to successive years of racially-oriented urban violence, which many feared, the rioting largely disappeared after 1968. It was not until 1980 that such rioting returned, and it was only in one city—Miami. It was then another twelve years until the Rodney King riot in Los Angeles that another significant disorder occurred.

It is generally thought that much of the Report has been ignored and that its recommendations have not been implemented.

A number of its "National Action" recommendations have been addressed to questionable effectiveness, as per the criticism of each policy: Congress passed the Fair Housing Act about one month after the report's completion, and within a few years, funding for the nation's two largest urban aid programs (Model Cities and urban renewal), as well as federal aid for education, had been doubled. As of 2023, average annual college and university costs in the United States were $36,436 per year. In addition, Congress passed the Community Development Act to build on the Fair Housing Act towards helping housing equality. Many of its major policing and riot control recommendations were also adopted: police forces are much more racially diverse than they were in 1967, formal grievance processes are now in place in almost every city, many cities utilize community policing programs which seek to get officers out of the patrol car so that they can build a rapport with the people on their beats. Police brutality is a massive social issue as evidenced by the many protests against them, such as those for George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and Freddie Gray. Mental disorders are now handled much differently than they were in 1967, police utilize new crowd control techniques like banning the firing of weapons over the heads of the crowd as a dispersal technique. Funding for mental asylums has been decimated as a result of the deinstitutionalization trend in public policy of the 1980s and austerity measures. The report itself has been cited in major housing discrimination and desegregation court cases and in economic studies. Its "two societies" warning has become a form of socio-political shorthand that is frequently used whenever there is a tragic police incident. Presidents Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, and Donald Trump espoused a law and order platform that favored strong policing and suppression of riots. As the Report predicted, incidents of police brutality continued to spark riots and protest marches even after the 1960s had ended, although substantially much smaller in number, frequency and intensity, including the 1980 Miami riots, 1989 Miami riot, 1992 Los Angeles riots and West Las Vegas riots, 1992 Washington Heights riots, St. Petersburg, Florida riots of 1996, Cincinnati riots of 2001, 2013 Flatbush Riots, 2009 and 2010 riots associated with the shooting of Oscar Grant, 2014 Oakland riots, 2014 Ferguson unrest, 2015 Baltimore protests, 2016 Charlotte riot, 2016 Milwaukee riots, 2017 Anaheim protests, 2017 St. Louis protests and the 2020 George Floyd protests.

Many of its recommendations have not been enacted as of 2024. Head Start has never been funded at the level that the Commission desired nor has the Commission's major welfare and job training recommendations been adopted. What may be more accurate to state about the Report is that instead of it being ignored or forgotten is that its implementation has not been "consistent with the scope and urgency" of its recommendations.

Continuation of the Commission
The Milton S. Eisenhower Foundation (the Eisenhower Foundation) was formed in 1981 to support the findings of the Kerner Commission and of the 1968 National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence (the National Violence Commission). Kerner Commission Executive Director Ginsburg, Kerner Commissioner and Senator Fred Harris (D-OK) and Kerner Commissioner and Senator Edward Brooke (R-MA) were among the founding trustees of the Eisenhower Foundation. The Foundation has released 25 year, 30 year and 40 year updates of the Kerner Commission's final report.

To mark the 30th anniversary of the Kerner Report, the Eisenhower Foundation in 1998 sponsored two complementary reports, The Millennium Breach and Locked in the Poorhouse. The Millennium Breach, co-authored by commissioner Harris, found the racial divide had grown in the subsequent years with inner city unemployment at crisis levels. The Millennium Breach found that most of the decade that followed the Kerner Report, America made progress on the principal fronts the report dealt with: race, poverty, and inner cities. Then progress stopped and in some ways reversed by a series of economic shocks and trends and the government's action and inaction.

Harris reported in Locked in the Poorhouse, "Today, thirty years after the Kerner Report, there is more poverty in America, it is deeper, blacker and browner than before, and it is more concentrated in the cities, which have become America's poorhouses."

Criticism
Gary T. Marx, one of the Commission's consultant sociologists, wishes the report would have given every-day examples of the discrimination that existed in 1967. Without them, it enabled whites to believe that the Commission was incorrect or talking about someone else.

Conservatives were critical of the cost of the Commission's many recommendations (there were over 170) at a time when the nation was already trying to fight both a domestic war on poverty and a war in Vietnam. Said one congressman: "The recommendations of the President's panel can be summed up in three words. 'Spend more money.'"

At a 1998 lecture commemorating the 30th anniversary of the Report, Stephan Thernstrom, a conservative voice and a professor of history at Harvard University, argued: "Because the commission took for granted that the riots were the fault of white racism, it would have been awkward to have had to confront the question of why liberal Detroit blew up while Birmingham and other Southern cities — where conditions for blacks were infinitely worse — did not. Likewise, if the problem was white racism, why didn't the riots occur in the 1930s, when prevailing white racial attitudes were far more barbaric than they were in the 1960s?"

Others refute this criticism by pointing to the importance of expectations; in Alabama and other states black people could only survive by "knowing their place", in the North Black people expected fair treatment. In broader writings on revolution, this has been referred to as the Tocqueville effect or paradox. This criticism also seems to ignore that there were serious/major riots in southern cities like Tampa, Houston, and Jackson (MS) and that the Black populations in northern cities like Detroit were larger than the entire populations of most southern towns and cities. As for why there was no rioting in the 1930s, this was a time of such economic deprivation for so many people of every race, that had there been rioting, it would have likely been of a class nature rather than of a racial nature.

Commission

 * Otto Kerner, Governor of Illinois and chairman
 * John Lindsay, Mayor of New York and vice chairman
 * Edward Brooke, Senator (R-MA)
 * Fred R. Harris, Senator (D-OK)
 * James Corman, Congressman (D-CA)
 * William McCulloch, Congressman (R-OH)
 * Charles Thornton, Founder of defense contractor Litton Industries
 * Roy Wilkins, executive director of the NAACP
 * I.W. Abel, President of United Steelworkers of America
 * Herbert Turner Jenkins, Police chief, Atlanta, Georgia
 * Katherine Graham Peden, Commissioner of Commerce, Kentucky
 * David Ginsburg, Commission Executive Director appointed by President Johnson

Hughes Panel

 * Richard J. Hughes, chairman
 * William Scranton, vice chairman
 * Frank L. Farrell
 * A. Addison Roberts
 * George S. Harris
 * Walter Washington
 * Frank M. Wozencraft

Advisory Panel on Private Enterprise

 * Charles Thornton, chairman
 * John Leland Atwood
 * Walter E. Hoadley
 * Martin R. Gainsbrugh
 * Louis F. Polk, Jr.
 * Lawrence M. Stone

title: Kerner Commission


text:
Talk:Mithridates II of Parthia

Untitled
I was under the impression that the Mithridates of poison fame was Mithridates VI of Pontus. See http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa053000a.htm -- Error

 * It would appear you are correct. The Mithridates of Pontus was also the fellow who allegedly spoke more than 25 languages, and who not only could address each soldier in his army by name, but also in his own language. -- IHCOYC 14:04, 7 Aug 2003 (UTC)

"In an inscription from Delos he is called "the great King of Kings Arsakes."" I moved this here because it must refer to one of the Parthians named Arsaces, no? I don't have access to it, but I think the reference from Encyclopaedia Brittanica is to volume I in the series Corpus inscriptionum Graecarum, titled Inscriptiones Graecae, Inscriptiones Megaridis, Boeotiae, et Oropiae edited by W. Dittenberger, 1892, p. or no. 430. Not on my shelves... Wetman 22:47, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Bivar (2002), pp. 135-136
Source is not listed in the Bibliography section. - LouisAragon (talk) 15:55, 6 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Ah shiet. The question is now whether I put the name of the author or the date wrong, since I can't find the source as of now. I'll have to investigate later. --HistoryofIran (talk) 15:58, 6 May 2019 (UTC)

Transfer offer
Hello, I suggest that the name of this page be transferred to Mithridates the Great. Because this name is common and is also known by the same name in Iran, please comment. Parsbod (talk) 18:23, 12 September 2021 (UTC)

I've never seen a source that says he expaned until iberia and caucasian albania
That's nonsense, information like this always need source LexaneAlex (talk) 20:43, 7 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Again, read the article, it's sourced down below. Again, ledes are not supposed to be sourced if the body of the article covers the same info with a source. --HistoryofIran (talk) 20:45, 7 February 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Mithridates II of Parthia


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Mazu (disambiguation)

Mazu is a goddess worshipped in China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia.

Mazu may also refer to:
 * Matsu Islands, also spelled Mazu
 * Mazu Daoyi (709–788), master of Chan Buddhism
 * Mazu (TV series), 2012 Chinese mythology fantasy television series starring Liu Tao, Stephen Wong Ka-lok, and Yan Kuan

Iran

 * Mazu, Fars, a village in Fars Province, Iran
 * Istgah-e Mazu, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran
 * Mazu, Iran, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran
 * Mazu Rural District, an administrative subdivision of Khuzestan Province, Iran

title: Mazu (disambiguation)


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Talk:Donovan

Associated acts
How do Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Brian Jones, or The Beatles qualify as associated acts? See Template:Infobox musical artist. Was Donovan in a group with any of them? Did Donovan collaborate with any of them on multiple occasions, or on an album, or tour with them as a single collaboration act playing together? Sundayclose (talk) 02:26, 28 April 2016 (UTC)

First name
Donovan Philips Leitch is known simply by his first name "Donovan", what is the reason this should not be included? Plenty of famous people are known by their first names e.g Elvis, Prince, Kylie, Madonna, etc.--James Joseph P. Smith (talk) 21:51, 5 April 2018 (UTC)
 * When the name of the article is "Donovan", editorializing on the details is redundant. -- SarekOfVulcan (talk) 21:52, 5 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Well, "other rollerskates exist", as they say. But I know what you mean. Maybe there's a precedent we can follow somewhere. Martinevans123 (talk) 21:55, 5 April 2018 (UTC) ... sometimes I feel I could scream.

I came here looking to find out whether the proper attribution for this individual is "Donovan Leitch" or "Donovan" - no help. I note elsewhere that internet searches for Donovan Leitch invariably refer to his son. What name is credited on the father's records as the composer? I don't have any of them. This seems to be something that could have been resolved very simply or at the very least mentioned in the article a long time ago.Ramseyman (talk) 18:47, 19 November 2021 (UTC)

Brian Wilson edit
I removed the claim of Brian Wilson being in Rishikesh until a reliable source can be found. I followed these artists very closely during this time. While I cannot "prove" Wilson was not there, I have neither read, seen nor heard mention - print or photo - of him being there. (This includes biographies and the like.) Especially convincing, for me, is the group photo that was taken at the time and was later published in a Beatles tome. Wilson is nowhere to been seen although all the Beatles and their wives/girlfriend (Jane Asher), Mike Love, Donovan, Mia Farrow and others are pictured. I think it is prudent to remove the Wilson mention until a source can be found to confirm his inclusion in the group of folks there at the time covered. THX1136 (talk) 18:02, 30 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Donovan


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User talk:Eru~enwiki

Hello Eru and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date
 * Ask questions on Village pump
 * Have fun.

-- Tim Starling 01:22 4 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Eru. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Eru~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:46, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 12:39, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eru~enwiki


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Kennebunk (CDP), Maine

Kennebunk is a census-designated place (CDP) comprising the central village in the town of Kennebunk in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 5,214 at the 2010 census, out of a total town population of 10,798. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Kennebunk is located at 43.38639°N, -70.54028°W (43.386508, -70.540454).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.7 square miles (17.5 km2), all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,804 people, 2,109 households, and 1,284 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 712.3 PD/sqmi. There were 2,295 housing units at an average density of 340.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.31% White, 0.17% Black or African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.19% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.29% of the population.

There were 2,109 households, out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 22.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $49,015, and the median income for a family was $60,885. Males had a median income of $42,206 versus $25,556 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $26,562. About 3.6% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

title: Kennebunk (CDP), Maine


text:
Kennebunk, Maine

Kennebunk is a town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 11,536 at the 2020 census. Kennebunk is home to several beaches, the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge, the 1799 Kennebunk Inn, many historic shipbuilders' homes, the Brick Store Museum and the Nature Conservancy Kennebunk Plains (known locally as the Blueberry Plains), with 1,500 acres (6 km$2$) of nature trails and blueberry fields.

The municipality includes the constituent villages of Kennebunk Village (Town), the Lower Village (Lower Kennebunk), Kennebunk Landing (the Landing), Bartlett Mills, West Kennebunk, Kennebunk Beach, Lords Point, Coopers Corner Crossing, Sea Roads Crossing, Webahennet Grove, and Vinegarhill, Cheshire Commons, Kennebunk Meadows, and various newer neighborhoods. It does not include Kennebunkport, which is a separate town.

History
First settled in 1621, the town developed as a trading and, later, shipbuilding until 1918, and shipping center with light manufacturing. It was part of the town of Wells and Arundel until 1820, when it incorporated as a separate town. "Kennebunk, the only village in the world so named," was featured on a large locally famous sign attached to the Kesslen Shoe Mill on Route One. To the Abenaki peoples, Kennebunk means "the long cut bank," presumably the long bank behind Kennebunk Beach.

In the 19th century and early 20th century, many industrial concerns were attracted to Mousam River at Kennebunk to provide motive force for their mills. Among the firms to do business there were the Kennebunk Manufacturing Company, the Mousam Manufacturing Company, the Leatheroid Company and the Rogers Fibre Company.

The Lafayette Elm was a tree which was planted to commemorate General Lafayette's 1825 visit to Kennebunk. It became famous for its age, size, and survival of the Dutch elm disease that destroyed the hundreds of the other elms that once lined Kennebunk's streets. The elm is featured on the town seal.

The restored Kesslen Shoe Mill has been renamed the Lafayette Center. Kennebunk is home to two of the state's oldest banks—Ocean Bank (1854) and Kennebunk Savings Bank (1871). Only Saco & Biddeford Savings Institution (1827) and Bangor Savings Bank (1852) are older.

The town's archives are located at the local history and art center, the Brick Store Museum, on Main Street.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 43.87 sqmi, of which 35.05 sqmi is land and 8.82 sqmi is water. Kennebunk is drained by the Kennebunk River and Mousam River.

Transportation
Amtrak passenger rail also goes through Kennebunk, but does not stop at the historic train station there. Passenger rail service at Kennebunk station ceased in 1965. The closest Amtrak stops along the Downeaster are at Wells station, south towards Boston, or Saco station, north towards Portland.
 * Interstate 95
 * U.S. 1 which goes through the center of Kennebunk and is part of the main street.
 * Route 9A
 * Route 35

Adjacent municipalities

 * Arundel (north)
 * Kennebunkport (north)
 * Wells (south)
 * Sanford (west)
 * Alfred (west)
 * Lyman (northwest)

Beaches
Kennebunk's coastline is divided into three major sections: Mother's Beach; Middle Beach or Rocky Beach; and Gooch's Beach or Long Beach. Separate from Kennebunk Beach is secluded Parson's Beach, a quiet alternative to the summer crowds.

There is some local controversy regarding the "Mother's Beach" nickname. According to many local residents, the smaller of the three main beaches—at the intersection of Beach Avenue and Ridge Avenue—is officially Kennebunk Beach or, alternatively, Boothby Beach. The term Boothby Beach was from the mid-1730s when a Mabel Littlefield married Richard Boothby and settled on land near what came to be known as Boothby Beach. The information about the Boothbys was taken from the "Old News From Southern Maine" article on Mable and Richard Boothby, by Sharon Cummins. Many natives today may not remember it being called Boothby Beach, and over the years it came to be known as Kennebunk Beach or Mothers Beach. Older residents also recall the name Dipsy Bath Beach, a reference to the baths once located there. The term Mother's Beach didn't come into widespread use until the mid-1980s; however, other native residents dispute that date and say they remember it being called "Mothers Beach" as far back as the late 1950s. The name likely evolved due to its small size and generally calmer water, due to the rocks under and above the ocean, thus making it a natural harbor of refuge that is safer for swimming and which makes it popular with mothers keeping a watchful eye on their children. The name is clearly descriptive rather than official, in spite of the recent installation of road signs pointing the way to "Mother's Beach". Contradicting the above beach naming is the town's website, which states, "Permits are valid for Gooch’s Beach, Kennebunk Beach (Middle Beach) and Mother’s Beach."

Additionally, without public parking access, both Libbys and Crescent beaches are in Kennebunk between Parson's Beach and Mother's Beach.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 10,798 people, 4,689 households, and 2,966 families living in the town. The population density was 308.1 PD/sqmi. There were 5,906 housing units at an average density of 168.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.9% White, 0.00% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 4,689 households, of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.7% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.85.

The median age in the town was 48.2 years. 20.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.7% were from 25 to 44; 33.4% were from 45 to 64, and 21.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 46.5% male and 53.5% female.

2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 10,476 people, 4,229 households and 2,901 families living in the town. The population density was 298.5 PD/sqmi. There were 4,985 housing units at an average density of 142.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.04% White, 0.18% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.85% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.51% of the population.

There were 4,229 households, of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.97.

Age distribution was 25.6% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.1 males.

The median household income was $50,914, and the median family income was $59,712. Males had a median income of $42,417 versus $25,788 for females. The per capita income for the town was $26,181. About 2.9% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.3% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those aged 65 or over.

Economy
The headquarters for the natural health-care product manufacturer Tom's of Maine is located in Kennebunk. Many residents commute to Portland, or out-of-state to New Hampshire, or Massachusetts.

Tourism

The town is a popular summer tourist destination, which drives the local economy. Summer Street was Maine's first Historic District that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Lower Alewive Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Kennebunk contains fine examples of early architecture, the most noted of which is the Wedding Cake House, a Federal-style dwelling extensively decorated with scroll saw Gothic trim. This was added to the house for his wife of many years by George Washington Bourne late in his life, and not as legend has it by a ship captain for a young bride lost at sea.

Site of interest

 * Brick Store Museum
 * Wedding Cake House
 * Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge
 * Kennebunk River Club
 * Lower Alewive Historic District

Education
Kennebunk, along with neighboring Kennebunkport and Arundel, form Regional School District 21. The schools in RSU 21 are Consolidated School, Kennebunk Elementary School, Mildred L. Day School, Sea Road School, Middle School of the Kennebunks, and Kennebunk High School. The Middle School of the Kennebunks is part of Maine's project that gives laptops to all of the 6th, 7th and 8th graders in the school called MLTI, or Maine Learning Technology Initiative.

In 2000, a group of students teamed up with parents and local community members to found The New School, a small alternative high school, with students coming from as close as Kennebunk and Wells and as far away as Portland and Somersworth. The school is accredited by the State of Maine and the first group of students graduated in June 2001. The New School has a focus on community-based learning.

Notable people

 * Edward H. Betts, painter and art educator. Lived in Kennebunk from 1984-2008.
 * Kate Chappell, businesswoman
 * Tom Chappell, businessman
 * Eunice Hale Waite Cobb, writer, public speaker, activist
 * Jack Coombs, baseball player who grew up in Kennebunk
 * Joseph Dane, US congressman
 * Turney Duff, author and businessperson
 * Judith Hunt, illustrator
 * Hugh McCulloch, secretary of the U.S. Treasury
 * Brooke McEldowney, cartoonist
 * Bruce McMillan, children's book author, photo-illustrator, and watercolor artist
 * Thomas W. Murphy Jr., eight-term State Representative and chair of the Maine Republican Party
 * Edmund S. Muskie, U.S. Senator and 58th U.S. Secretary of State, summer resident of Kennebunk Beach
 * Erik Nedeau, runner
 * Jeff Olson, musician
 * Pinkerton Thugs, musicians
 * Kenneth Roberts, author
 * Daniel Sayre, politician
 * Clement Storer, US congressman and senator
 * Mary Alice Willcox, zoologist

title: Kennebunk, Maine


text:
Kennebunkport (CDP), Maine

Kennebunkport is a census-designated place (CDP) consisting of the central village in the town of Kennebunkport in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,238 at the 2010 census, out of a total town population of 3,474. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Kennebunkport is located at 43.36°N, -70.46611°W (43.360221, -70.466142).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.1 square miles (8.0 km2), of which 2.9 square miles (7.6 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km2), or 4.76%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,376 people, 631 households, and 401 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 467.5 PD/sqmi. There were 945 housing units at an average density of 321.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.69% White, 0.36% Black or African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.36% of the population.

There were 631 households, out of which 19.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.69.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 18.2% under the age of 18, 4.0% from 18 to 24, 20.6% from 25 to 44, 33.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $54,167, and the median income for a family was $66,477. Males had a median income of $42,500 versus $36,071 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $45,640. None of the families and 3.7% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Kennebunkport (CDP), Maine


text:
Kennebunkport, Maine

Kennebunkport is a resort town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,629 people at the 2020 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.

The town center, the area in and around Dock Square, is located along the Kennebunk River, approximately 1 mi from the mouth of the river on the Atlantic Ocean. Historically a shipbuilding and fishing village, for well over a century the town has been a popular summer colony and seaside tourist destination. The Dock Square area has a district of souvenir shops, art galleries, schooner attractions, seafood restaurants, and bed and breakfasts. Cape Porpoise, while retaining its identity as a fishing harbor, has a very small village area with several restaurants, a church, grocery store, coffee shop, small library, and art gallery. Kennebunkport has a reputation as a summer haven for the upper class and is one of the wealthiest communities in the state of Maine. The Municipality of Kennebunkport includes the constituent villages of Kennebunkport Village, Cape Arundel & Colony Beach, the Cottage Coast, Wilde's District (Wildwood), Goose Rocks Beach, Turbatts Creek, Cape Porpoise Village, North Village Crossing (Townhouse Corner), among various other newer developments. The town is the home of Walker's Point, a summer estate of the Bush family.

Kennebunkport and neighboring towns Kennebunk and Arundel comprise school district RSU 21.

The Kennebunkport Christmas Prelude takes place annually in the town, beginning either in late November or early December.

History
Kennebunkport was first incorporated in 1653 as Cape Porpus, subject to the government of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Maine was admitted to the Union in 1820 as part of the Missouri Compromise). Due to Abenaki Indian resistance to colonial expansion, European settlers abandoned the town by 1689 and did not return for at least ten years. The Wabanaki Confederacy again expelled English from the area from 1703 to 1717, and continued violent resistance to colonization until the end of King George's War in 1748.

The town was renamed Arundel, and the town center located inland at Burbank Hill. In 1821 the town was renamed again, this time to Kennebunkport in reflection to its economy becoming one of shipbuilding and trade along the Kennebunk River.

By the 1870s the town had developed as a popular summer destination, with both hotels and homes constructed along its coastline. Cape Arundel, Cape Porpoise, and Beachwood (now called Goose Rocks) were some of the early summer colonies; although Cape Porpoise was, and still is, a working fishing harbor. Since 1939, Kennebunkport has been home to the Seashore Trolley Museum.

The Great Fires of 1947, which devastated much of York County, affected Kennebunkport and especially the area near Goose Rocks Beach. Much of the housing near Goose Rocks Beach was destroyed by the fire, but the area has since recovered and been rebuilt.

Geology
Like much of the northeast coast, the geography of the southern Maine coast was largely directed by the retreat of the Laurentide ice cap about 23,000 years ago. The coast is framed by bedrock, left during the formation of the Appalachian mountains, and the irregular shape of the coast (characteristic of much of the New England coast, with the exception of Cape Cod and the islands) is attributed to differential erosion of the underlying rock layer.

The coast along Kennebunkport differs sharply from the Maine coast north and east of Portland due to differences in the composition of this rock layer. Beyond Portland, the layer is a largely metamorphic rock, but here the coast is a mixture of igneous rock, and embayments of more deeply eroded sedimentary and metamorphic rock. These embayments result in the sandy beaches that can be found in southern Maine (such as Goose Rocks Beach, Colony Beach, and nearby Kennebunk Beach) but are uncommon north of Portland. Likewise, the geology here differs from that of the outer lands (Cape Cod, Nantucket, and Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts, Block Island in Rhode Island, and Long Island in New York), which were formed as terminal and recessional moraines, and do not contain much in the way of a bedrock skeleton.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 49.35 sqmi, of which 20.52 sqmi is land and 28.83 sqmi is water.

The town has several distinct areas, each developed during a phase of the town's history. The original town center was at Cape Porpoise, which today has a small village center, is both a summer colony and year-round community, and hosts a working fishing harbor. Inland from Cape Porpoise is a mix of forest and agricultural land, punctuated by a historic town center at Burbank Hill (there are a few historic buildings of interest here, including a schoolhouse and jail). Heading west, towards the mouth of the Kennebunk River is Dock Square, the current town center.

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Kennebunkport, and especially Cape Arundel (also known as Point Arundel), developed as a summer colony for the wealthy. Traveling from Dock Square along Ocean Avenue is the Cape Arundel Summer Colony Historic District. This district of many well-preserved examples of early-20th-century shingle-style cottages begins at Chick's Creek and ends at Walker's Point.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Biddeford (north)
 * Kennebunk (southwest)
 * Arundel (west)

Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge
The Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge has a significant portion of lands in Kennebunkport, northeast of Cape Porpoise and through Goose Rocks. Within Kennebunkport, much of this protected land is salt-water marsh.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Kennebunkport has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Summer home of the Bush family
Kennebunkport was also the summer home of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush, father of former U.S. President George W. Bush. First built by Bush's maternal grandfather George Herbert Walker, it has been a family home ever since, and has been owned by the Bush family since sometime in the early 1980s. The Bushes' ancestry is distinct from the Walker family that settled York County, Maine. Some of this family's Walker relatives are buried in the Kennebunkport area ancient cemeteries. During his presidency, George H.W. Bush often invited world leaders, from Margaret Thatcher to Mikhail Gorbachev, to Kennebunkport. In 2007, his son George W. Bush invited Vladimir Putin and Nicolas Sarkozy. The Bush compound is on Walkers Point, called Point Vesuvius prior to the Walker family's acquisition.

Demographics
As of 2000, the median income for a household in the town was $54,219, and the median income for a family was $66,505. Males had a median income of $43,125 versus $34,028 for females. The per capita income for the town was $36,707. About 1.7% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.4% of those under age 18 and 1.4% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,474 people, 1,578 households, and 1,039 families residing in the town. The population density was 169.3 PD/sqmi. There were 2,897 housing units at an average density of 141.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 99.0% White, 0.2% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 1,578 households, of which 22.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.7% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.2% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.68.

The median age in the town was 51.8 years. 17.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.2% were from 25 to 44; 36.5% were from 45 to 64, and 24.7% were 65 years of age or older. The sex makeup of the town was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.

Notable people

 * Margaret Deland, novelist
 * Patrick Dempsey, actor
 * Dan Goodwin, building, rock, and sports climber
 * Frank Handlen, painter
 * Garnet Hathaway, professional ice hockey player
 * Joshua Herrick, US congressman
 * Dick McCabe, racing driver and champion
 * Wiley Miller, cartoonist
 * Jane Morgan, singer, actress
 * Russell Nype, actor
 * Shiloh Pepin, Sirenomelia patient with legs fused
 * George Clement Perkins, 14th governor of California
 * Kenneth Roberts, author
 * Rex Smith, American singer and actor
 * Booth Tarkington, novelist and dramatist
 * George Herbert Walker, banker, businessman, grandfather of US President George H. W. Bush, and great-grandfather of George W. Bush
 * Bentley Warren, racecar driver
 * Neil Clark Warren, online dating service chairman

In popular culture
Kennebunkport was featured in the 2003 filming of the film Empire Falls by Maine author Richard Russo, with a downtown book shop making a notable appearance. Robin Wright appeared on set in Kennebunkport.

Other films with scenes shot in Kennebunkport include Lost Boundaries (1949), The Man Who Knew Bush (2004 documentary), The Living Wake (2007), 41 (2012 documentary) and US Route 1-ME (2012). My Husband's Double Life was partially set in the town, but filmed in Toronto.

title: Kennebunkport, Maine


text:
Kittery (CDP), Maine

Kittery is a census-designated place (CDP) consisting of the main village in the town of Kittery in York County, Maine, United States. The village is also known as Kittery Foreside. The population of the CDP was 4,562 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Kittery is located at 43.08972°N, -70.74111°W (43.089738, -70.741148).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.6 square miles (9.2 km$2$), of which 2.8 square miles (7.3 km$2$) is land and 0.8 square miles (2.0 km$2$) (21.07%) is water.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 4,884 people, 2,085 households and 1,221 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,737.1 PD/sqmi. There were 2,207 housing units at an average density of 785.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.06% White, 2.74% Black or African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.80% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.82% from other races, and 1.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.33% of the population.

There were 2,085 households, of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.6% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% were non-families. 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.92.

Age distribution was 22.1% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 34.1% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.

The median household income was $40,510, and the median family income was $52,532. Males had a median income of $35,850 versus $27,198 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,451. About 4.4% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.6% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over

title: Kittery (CDP), Maine


text:
Kittery, Maine

Kittery is a town in York County, Maine, United States, and the oldest incorporated town in Maine. Home to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard on Seavey's Island, Kittery includes Badger's Island, the seaside district of Kittery Point, and part of the Isles of Shoals. The southernmost town in the state, it is a tourist destination known for its many outlet stores.

Kittery is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. The town's population was 10,070 at the 2020 census.

History
English settlement around the natural harbor of the Piscataqua River estuary began about 1623. By 1632 the community was protected by Fort William and Mary on today's New Hampshire side of the river; in 1689 defensive works that later became Fort McClary in Kittery Point were added on today's Maine side to the north.

Kittery was incorporated in 1647, staking a claim as the "oldest incorporated town in Maine." It was named after the birthplace of a founder, Alexander Shapleigh, from his manor of Kittery Court at Kingswear in Devon, England. Shapleigh arrived in 1635 aboard the ship Benediction, which he co-owned with another prominent settler, Captain Francis Champernowne, a cousin of Sir Ferdinando Gorges, lord proprietor of Maine. Together with the Pepperrell family, they established fisheries offshore at the Isles of Shoals, where fish were caught, salted, and exported to Europe. Other pioneers were hunters, trappers, and workers of the region's abundant timber. The settlement at the mouth of the Piscataqua River was protected by Fort McClary.

Thomas Spencer, Esquire, immigrant from Gloucestershire, England, is also a notable settler of Kittery with his wife Patience Chadbourne. Their story is included in ''The Maine Spencers: a history and genealogy, with mention of many associated families.'

Kittery originally extended from the Atlantic Ocean inland up the Salmon Falls River, including the present-day towns of Eliot, South Berwick, Berwick, and North Berwick. Located opposite Portsmouth, New Hampshire, the town developed into a center for trade and shipbuilding. In 1652, after the death of Gorges, Maine became part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Francis Small was a pioneer resident of Kittery, and operated a trading post near the confluence of the Ossipee River and Saco River. Here major Indian trails converged—the Sokokis Trail (now Route 5), the Ossipee Trail (now Route 25), and the Pequawket Trail (now Route 113). The site supported the lucrative fur trade with Indians, but had the risks of living isolated in the wilderness. Small became the largest property owner in the history of Maine, and was known as "the great landowner".

In 1663, John Josselyn wrote: "Towns there are, are not many in this province. Kittery, situated not far from Passacataway (Portsmouth), is the most populous."

In late 1694 or early 1695 the enslaved woman Rachel of Kittery, Maine was murdered by her enslaver, Nathaniel Keen in Kittery. During the colonial era in Kittery Parish, which included present-day Kittery, Eliot, Berwick and South Berwick, as many as 500 enslaved people were brought to Kittery Parish and striped of their identities The Maine Historical Society calls Sir William Pepperrell (1696 – 1759) of Kittery "Maine's most prolific and infamous slave owner."

In 1705, during Queen Anne's War, tribes of the Wabanaki Confederacy raided the town, killing six residents and taking five prisoners.

During the Revolution, the first vessels of the U.S. Navy were constructed on Badger's Island, including the USS Ranger (1777) commanded by John Paul Jones. The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, the nation's first federal navy yard, was established in 1800 on Fernald's Island. It connects to the mainland by two bridges. During the Civil War, the facility rebuilt the USS Constitution, and built the Civil War USS Kearsarge. Seavey's Island was annexed and became site of the now defunct Portsmouth Naval Prison.

In 1905, the Treaty of Portsmouth, which formally ended the Russo-Japanese War, was signed at the shipyard.

From 1946 and 1977, when racial discrimination in public accommodations was common, Clayton and Hazel Sinclair operated the Rock Rest summer guest house in Kittery Point providing lodging to Black vacation travelers. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. Rock Rest was featured in the 2020 documentary Driving While Black, that aired on PBS.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 75.30 sqmi, of which 57.52 sqmi are covered by water. Situated beside the Gulf of Maine and Atlantic Ocean, Kittery is drained by Spruce Creek, Spinney Creek, Chauncey Creek, and the Piscataqua River.

The town is crossed by Interstate 95, U.S. Route 1, Maine State Route 101, Maine State Route 103, and Maine State Route 236.

Demographics

 * See also Kittery (CDP), Maine and Kittery Point, Maine for village demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,490 people, 4,302 households, and 2,488 families living in the town. The population density was 533.7 PD/sqmi. There were 4,942 housing units at an average density of 278.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.1% White, 0.01% African American, 0.1% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.5% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.6% of the population.

There were 4,302 households, of which 23.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.3% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.2% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.77.

The median age in the town was 43.2 years. 18.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26% were from 25 to 44; 30.3% were from 45 to 64; and 17.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,543 people, 4,078 households, and 2,528 families living in the town. The population density was 535.5 PD/sqmi. There were 4,375 housing units at an average density of 245.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 95.98% White, 1.78% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.45% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.50% of the population.

There were 4,078 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.1% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.0% were non-families. 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $52,200, and the median income for a family was $53,343. Males had a median income of $37,096 versus $29,850 for females. The per capita income for the town was $24,153. About 5.7% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.9% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The Kittery economy is driven by the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. In 2021, 438 shipyard workers lived in Kittery and were paid a combined $37,784,774. The shipyard's total economic impact on the whole region in 2022 was $1,457,952,317 and in 2021 was $1,322,611,898. In 2022, 7,251 people were employed at the shipyard.

The Kittery Outlets is an outdoor shopping area located on Route 1 next to Interstate 95 with over 100 retailers, including national brands and local shops. The town in 2024 approved the removal of one of the shopping plazas, The Outlets at Kittery, to be replaced with apartment housing, a hotel, and a restaurant.

Kittery Foreside is a popular, walkable neighborhood adjacent to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard that has many commercial businesses, including boutique shops, restaurants, and cafes. It also features historic homes, large shade trees, and a number of arts and culture organizations.

The Weathervane Restaurant chain was founded in Kittery in 1969. In 2023, the Portland Press Herald reported that Kittery has the highest per capita number of vegan and vegetarian restaurants and food businesses in Maine.

Climate change
In Kittery, coastal property, shoreland infrastructure, and the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard are all vulnerable to rising seas caused by the changing climate. Most vulnerable are low-lying roads, the bridges to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, other bridges, businesses, a church, a fire station, and the working waterfront. To respond to these threats, the town formed a Climate Change Adaptation Committee.

Arts and culture
The Kittery Art Association was formed in 1958. It manages the KAA Gallery at 2 Walker Street in Kittery Foreside, as a cultural center and exhibition gallery. The Kittery Art Association purchased the gallery building in 2022 from the town library, where the property was known as the Taylor Building, for $558,700. The Kittery Art Association used to be located at 8 Coleman Avenue in Kittery Point. The Rice Public Library was built in 1889 at 8 Wentworth Street. The library reopened in 2022 after a $6.1 million renovation.

The nonprofit The Dance Hall is located in the former Grange Hall in Kittery Foreside. It hosts performances and classes in dance and music.

Sites of interest
Sites of interest include:

 * William Pepperrell House, built in 1733
 * Lady Pepperrell House, built in 1760.
 * John Bray House, built in 1662, believed to be the oldest extant house in Maine.
 * John Paul Jones Memorial Park, which includes the Maine Sailors' and Soldiers' Memorial by Bashka Paeff.
 * The Kittery Historical and Naval Museum, opened in 1977.
 * Seapoint Beach and Fort Foster, originally a harbor defense, at Kittery Point.
 * Fort McClary State Historic Site
 * Rock Rest
 * Kittery Community Center

Parks and recreation
Kittery includes many parks, beaches, and recreational spaces. The largest is Fort Foster, a former federal military installation from the 19th century until the 1950s.

Other parks include

Beaches include:
 * John Paul Jones Memorial Park
 * Fort McClary State Historic Site
 * Inspiration Park
 * Rogers Park Conservation Area
 * Kittery Memorial Field
 * Cutts Island Trail on the Rachel Carson Nature Preserve

 * Seapoint Beach
 * Crescent Beach
 * Fort Foster Scuba Beach
 * Fort Foster Horn Point - East Cove Beach
 * Fort Foster Pier Beach

Education
Kittery is home to Robert William Traip Academy (9–12), a formerly private, preparatory school which became public and town-run in 1967. Kittery is also home to Horace Mitchell Primary School (K–3) and Shapleigh School (4–8).

Media
The movie Thinner (1996), based on the 1984 Stephen King novel, was filmed in Kittery.

Notable people

 * Jess Abbott, guitarist of the band Now, Now
 * William Badger, master shipbuilder
 * Devin Beliveau, state representative
 * John Haley Bellamy, woodcarver, folk artist
 * George Berry, captain, shipbuilder
 * Dennis C. Blair, admiral
 * Scott Brown, ambassador, senator from Massachusetts (2010–2013)
 * Tunis Craven, naval officer
 * Shem Drowne, metalworker, creator of Boston's Grasshopper Weathervane
 * Elisha T. Gardner, Wisconsin politician, lawyer
 * William Dean Howells, writer, magazine editor
 * Sandi Jackson, Chicago city alderman
 * Kenneth F. Lemont, state legislator
 * Jeremiah O'Brien, naval officer
 * John O'Hurley, television actor and game show host
 * Joseph T. Palastra Jr., U.S. Army General
 * Sir William Pepperrell, merchant, soldier
 * Arthur Shawcross, serial killer
 * Hunt Slonem, artist
 * Francis Small, trader and landowner
 * Celia Thaxter, poet
 * John Treworgie, last proprietary governor of Newfoundland
 * Donald Valle (1908–1977), American businessman and owner of the eponymously named Valle's Steak House
 * Walter Wheeler, state representative
 * William Whipple, signer of the Declaration of Independence
 * Rachel of Kittery, Maine, an enslaved women who was murdered by her enslaver

In popular culture
The Saturday morning cartoon DinoSquad is based in Kittery/Kittery Point.

title: Kittery, Maine


text:
North Berwick (CDP), Maine

North Berwick is a census-designated place (CDP) consisting of the primary settlement in the town of North Berwick in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,615 at the 2010 census, out of a total town population of 4,576. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
North Berwick is located at 43.30389°N, -70.735°W (43.303999, -70.734949).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km$2$), all land. North Berwick is drained by the Great Works River and its tributary, the Neoutaquet River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,580 people, 601 households, and 420 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 493.5 PD/sqmi. There were 626 housing units at an average density of 195.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.33% White, 1.08% Black or African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.70% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 1.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.70% of the population.

There were 601 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $39,931, and the median income for a family was $46,964. Males had a median income of $34,000 versus $20,662 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,992. About 4.5% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.3% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

title: North Berwick (CDP), Maine


text:
North Berwick, Maine

North Berwick is a town in York County, Maine, United States. The town was set off from Berwick in 1831, following South Berwick in 1814.

North Berwick's population was 4,978 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area.

History
Originally a part of Kittery called Kittery Commons, the area was first settled in 1693 by John Morrell, a Quaker who built a log cabin on Wells Street. It was set off from Kittery in 1713 as part of Berwick, named for Berwick-upon-Tweed on the Anglo-Scottish border. Doughty Falls in the Great Works River provided water power for a sawmill, gristmill and carding mill. After the Revolutionary War, the small mill town grew rapidly. It was set off and incorporated as North Berwick on March 22, 1831. The town was named after Berwick, England.

Development was spurred in 1842 by the arrival of the Portland, Saco & Portsmouth Railroad, joined by the Boston & Maine Railroad in 1873. North Berwick became a railroad hub from which its manufactured goods were shipped, including lumber, shingles, clapboards, wooden boxes, firewood, bricks, carriages, caskets, clocks, stove and shoe polish, toboggans and sleds. Also loaded aboard the boxcars were barrels of apples, blocks of ice cut from frozen ponds, granite from quarries, and tins of corn packed at a canning factory. But the 2 biggest North Berwick businesses during the 19th-century made woolens and farm implements.

In 1834, the Maine Legislature incorporated Lang, Hill & Company to manufacture woolen blankets, called "printing blankets," at a mill beside the Great Works River. Renamed the North Berwick Company, by 1850 its principal owner was "Friend" William Hill, who trained as a machinist at the Great Falls Manufacturing Company in Somersworth, New Hampshire. The wooden mill was destroyed by fire in 1861 but rebuilt in brick in 1862. It produced blankets for Civil War troops. The factory had 40 looms turning out 1,500 yards of flannel daily, in addition to blankets. In 1955, the North Berwick Company would close. Its landmark Greek Revival building was used as the Parrish Shoes factory in the 1995 movie Jumanji, and has since been renovated and adapted as housing.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 38.16 sqmi, of which 38.02 sqmi is land and 0.14 sqmi is water. North Berwick is drained by the Great Works River and its tributary, the Negutaquet River. Bauneg Beg Hill, at an elevation of 866 feet (264 m) above sea level, is the town's highest point.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 4,576 people, 1,773 households, and 1,269 families residing in the town. The population density was 120.4 PD/sqmi. There were 1,930 housing units at an average density of 50.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.1% White, 0.5% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population.

There were 1,773 households, of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.4% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.97.

The median age in the town was 42.3 years. 22.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.6% were from 25 to 44; 32.2% were from 45 to 64, and 14.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,293 people, 1,587 households, and 1,177 families residing in the town. The population density was 112.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,705 housing units at an average density of 44.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.09% White, 0.65% Black or African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.77% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.07% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.61% of the population.

There were 1,587 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.7% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $46,883, and the median income for a family was $51,753. Males had a median income of $35,938 versus $26,007 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,558. About 4.2% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 1.0% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
Local farmer William Hussey designed a cast iron plow in 1835, which led to the founding of the Hussey Plow Company. The North Berwick firm fabricated farm implements. It evolved into the Hussey Manufacturing Company, which produced a variety of items including sewer grates, manhole covers, ladders, ski jumps and chair lifts. Today, it is the Hussey Seating Company, a manufacturer of seats for auditoriums, bleachers for stadiums as well as other spectator facilities. In 2003, it was honored as Maine's oldest family-owned business.

The town's other major contemporary employer is a Pratt & Whitney aircraft engine parts factory and overhaul facility. Built as Simplex Wire & Cable, the structure was purchased and expanded by Pratt & Whitney in 1979 to cover 875000 sqft, making it the largest manufacturing plant under one roof in Maine.

Parks and recreation
North Berwick includes Bauneg Beg Pond, a recreational area.

Education
North Berwick is part of MSAD60/RSU 60.

North Berwick is home to three schools: Noble High School, North Berwick Primary School and the Mary R. Hurd School. Middle school students attend Noble Middle School in the neighboring town of Berwick.

Notable people

 * James N. Buffum, Massachusetts politician who served as the twelfth and fourteenth Mayor of Lynn, Massachusetts; born in North Berwick
 * Paul Chadbourne, educator and naturalist, served as President of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, President of Williams College and President of the Massachusetts Agricultural College; born in North Berwick
 * Mark Eves, Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives
 * Ichabod Goodwin, 27th governor of New Hampshire
 * John W. Goodwin, minister
 * Daniel Johnson Morrell, Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania; born in North Berwick

title: North Berwick, Maine


text:
Sanford (CDP), Maine

Sanford is a former census-designated place (CDP) comprising the downtown portion of the city of Sanford in York County, Maine, United States. The population of the CDP was 9,761 at the 2010 census. The CDP was abolished after the town of Sanford reincorporated as a city.

Geography
Sanford is located at 43.44°N, -70.78028°W (43.4400724, -70.7801460).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.2 mi2 (13.5 km2); 5.1 mi2 (13.3 km2) of it is land and 0.1 mi2 (0.2 km2) of it (1.69%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 10,133 people, 4,120 households, and 2,542 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,978.0 PD/sqmi. There were 4,338 housing units at an average density of 864.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.58% White, 0.59% African American, 0.35% Native American, 1.92% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.39% from other races, and 1.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.28% of the population.

There were 4,120 households, out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.8% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $29,881, and the median income for a family was $36,278. Males had a median income of $32,917 versus $24,141 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,002. About 16.4% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.2% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

title: Sanford (CDP), Maine


text:
Chevy Chase (town), Maryland

Chevy Chase —formally, the Town of Chevy Chase—is an incorporated town in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. The population was 2,904 at the 2020 census.

The town is part of a larger community, colloquially referred to as Chevy Chase, that includes several adjoining settlements in Montgomery County and one neighborhood of Washington.

History
In the 1890s, a real estate syndicate led by Francis G. Newlands bought more than 1,700 acres in upper Northwest D.C. and southern Montgomery County to create a Maryland streetcar suburb he dubbed Chevy Chase. In 1918, the subdivision called Section IV was incorporated as a municipality called the Town of Chevy Chase, creating a town government empowered to collect taxes and provide services.

Geography
The Town of Chevy Chase is located in southern Montgomery County. Its southern border is 1 mi north of the District of Columbia. The town is bordered by the villages of Chevy Chase Section Five and Chevy Chase Section Three to the east, by unincorporated portions of Chevy Chase to the north, and by Bethesda to the west. The town is bordered to the south by the Chevy Chase Club.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Town of Chevy Chase has a total area of 0.47 sqmi, all land.

Coquelin Run, a tributary of Rock Creek, rises in the town.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,824 people, 1,003 households, and 835 families living in the town. The population density was 6008.5 PD/sqmi. There were 1,042 housing units at an average density of 2217.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 92.1% White, 1.0% African American, 0.1% Native American, 3.9% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.7% of the population.

There were 1,003 households, of which 41.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.0% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 16.7% were non-families. 13.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.06.

The median age in the town was 46.3 years. 27.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.8% were from 25 to 44; 37.5% were from 45 to 64; and 14.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,726 people, 987 households, and 802 families living in the town. The population density was 5,822.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,024 housing units at an average density of 2,187.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 95.01% White, 0.88% Black or African American, 0.04% Native American, 2.20% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.51% from other races, and 1.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.37% of the population.

There were 987 households, out of which 42.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.6% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.7% were non-families. 14.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.5% under the age of 18, 2.7% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 32.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $160,331, and the median income for a family was $167,790. Males had a median income of $100,000 versus $66,705 for females. The per capita income for the town was $70,325. About 0.9% of families and 2.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.8% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation
Three state highways form the northern, eastern and southern borders of the town, with a fourth lying just beyond the western border. Of the three highways directly bordering the town, the most prominent is Maryland Route 185 (Connecticut Avenue), which forms the eastern border of the town. MD 185 extends south to Washington, D.C., and north to the nearest Interstate highway, Interstate 495 (the Capital Beltway). From the north side of town, Maryland Route 410 (East–West Highway) extends eastward, providing local connections to many other suburban towns north and northeast of Washington, D.C. On the south edge of town, Maryland Route 191 extends west through Bethesda to Potomac. The fourth highway, lying just beyond the town's western edge, is Maryland Route 355 (Wisconsin Avenue), which provides many of the same connections as MD 185 does on a slightly more west alignment.

Education
The Town of Chevy Chase sends students to the Montgomery County Public Schools.

Residents are zoned to Rosemary Hills Elementary School (PreK-2) (unincorporated Montgomery County), North Chevy Chase Elementary School, Westbrook Elementary School, Chevy Chase Elementary School (3-6) (in the Town of Chevy Chase), Westland Middle School (unincorporated Montgomery County) and Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School (unincorporated Montgomery County).

title: Chevy Chase (town), Maryland


text:
Chevy Chase (CDP), Maryland

Chevy Chase is a census-designated place (CDP) in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. The population was 10,176 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Part of a broader area colloquially named Chevy Chase, the CDP is encompasses 2.5 square miles (6.3 km$2$), all land.

The CDP is bounded on its northern and eastern sides by Rock Creek, a tributary of the Potomac River, and bisected by the Rock Creek tributary of Coquelin Run. The latter stream was dammed in 1892 to form Chevy Chase Lake and support an eponymous trolley park. The lake was drained in the 1930s but the adjacent neighborhood retains the name.

Demographics
As of 2010 Chevy Chase had a population of 9,545. The population was 86.7% white, 4.8% African-American, 0.2% Native American, 1.0% Asian India, 3.3% other Asian, 0.3% non-Hispanic from some other race, 3.0% from two or more races and 5.5% Hispanic or Latino.

At the 2000 census there were 9,381 people, 3,831 households, and 2,463 families in the CDP. The population density was 3,828.8 PD/sqmi. There were 3,959 housing units at an average density of 1,615.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.99% White or European American, 3.68% Black or African American, 0.14% Native American, 2.97% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.11% from other races, and 2.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.73%.

Of the 3,831 households 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were non-families. 29.4% of households were one person and 17.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.87.

The age distribution was 20.6% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 23.9% 65 or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.4 males.

The median household income was $99,520 and the median family income was $127,254. Males had a median income of $87,688 versus $56,411 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $60,893. About 0.4% of families and 2.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.9% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The CDP is home to the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the second-wealthiest philanthropic organization in the United States.

Education
Montgomery County Public Schools operates public schools.

Rochambeau French International School operates the Rollingwood Campus, for elementary grades, in Chevy Chase CDP, while its other campuses and its administrative headquarters are in Bethesda. c. 2022 a new preschool and primary campus will open in Bethesda.

title: Chevy Chase (CDP), Maryland


text:
Bourne (CDP), Massachusetts

The village of Bourne is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Bourne in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 1,418 at the 2010 census, out of 19,754 in the town of Bourne as a whole.

Geography
Bourne is located at 41.73503°N, -70.6128°W (41.735027, -70.6128).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 7.7 sqkm, of which 4.4 sqkm is land and 3.3 sqkm (43.13%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,443 people, 663 households, and 422 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 323.9 /km2. There were 946 housing units at an average density of 212.4 /km2. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.66% White, 0.28% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.42% Asian, 0.17% from other races, and 0.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population.

There were 663 households, out of which 22.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 81.3% were married couples living together, 2.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.70.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 18.3% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 29.3% from 45 to 64, and 23.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $104,830, and the median income for a family was $160,417. Males had a median income of $88,661 versus $62,981 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $83,055. About 0.2% of families and 0.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.3% of those under age 18 and 0.6% of those age 65 or over.

title: Bourne (CDP), Massachusetts