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Hogarth Press

The Hogarth Press is a book publishing imprint of Penguin Random House that was founded as an independent company in 1917 by British authors Leonard Woolf and Virginia Woolf. It was named after their house in Richmond (then in Surrey and now in London), in which they began hand-printing books as a hobby during the interwar period.

Hogarth originally published the works of many members of the Bloomsbury Group, and was at the forefront of publishing works on psychoanalysis and translations of foreign, especially Russian, works.

In 1938, Virginia Woolf relinquished her interest in the business and it was then run as a partnership by Leonard Woolf and John Lehmann until 1946, when it became an associate company of Chatto & Windus. In 2011, Hogarth Press was relaunched as an imprint for contemporary fiction in a partnership between Chatto & Windus in the United Kingdom and Crown Publishing Group in the United States, which had both been acquired by Random House.

History
Printing was a hobby for the Woolfs, and it provided a diversion for Virginia when writing became too stressful. The couple bought a handpress in 1917 for £19 (equivalent to about £1295 in 2018) and taught themselves how to use it. The press was set up in the dining room of Hogarth House, where the Woolfs lived, lending its name to the publishing company they founded. In July they published their first text, a book with one story written by Leonard and the other written by Virginia.

Between 1917 and 1946 the Press published 527 titles. It moved to Tavistock Square in 1924.

Series
The Hogarth Press produced a number of publication series that were affordable as well as being attractively bound and printed, and usually commissioned from well known authors. These include the initial Hogarth Essays in three series 1924–1947 (36 titles), Hogarth Lectures on Literature (2 series 1927–1951), Merttens Lectures on War and Peace (8 titles 1927–1936), Hogarth Living Poets (29 titles 1928–1937), Day to Day Pamphlets (1930–1939), Hogarth Letters (12 titles 1931–1933) and World-Makers and World-Shakers (4 titles 1937).

The Essays were the first series produced by the press and include works by Virginia Woolf, Leonard Woolf and Gertrude Stein. Virginia Woolf's defence of modernism, Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown (1924) was the initial publication in the series. Cover illustrations were by Woolf’s sister Vanessa Bell. Bell also designed book jackets for all of Woolf’s books that were published by Hogarth Press.

The Letters are less well known, and are epistolary in form. Authors include E.M. Forster and Virginia Woolf. Woolf's A Letter to a Young Poet (1932), was number 8, and addressed to John Lehmann as an exposition on modern poetry. Cover illustrations were by John Banting. In 1933, the entire series was reissued as a single volume, and are available on the Internet Archive in a 1986 edition.

 * 1) A letter to Madam Blanchard, E. M. Forster (1931)
 * 2) A letter to an M.P. on disarmament, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood (1931)
 * 3) A letter to a sister, Rosamond Lehmann (1931)
 * 4) The French pictures: a letter to Harriet, Robert Mortimer and John Banting (1932)
 * 5) A letter from a black sheep, Francis Birrell (1932)
 * 6) A letter to W. B. Yeats, L. A. G. Strong (1932)
 * 7) A letter to a grandfather, Rebecca West (1933)
 * 8) A letter to a young poet, Virginia Woolf (1932)
 * 9) A letter to a modern novelist, Hugh Walpole (1932)
 * 10) A letter to an archbishop, J. C. Hardwick (1932)
 * 11) A letter to Adolf Hitler, Louis Golding (1932)
 * 12) A letter to Mrs. Virginia Woolf, Peter Quennell (1932)

Notable title history

 * Paris: A Poem (1920) by Hope Mirrlees
 * Monday or Tuesday (1921) by Virginia Woolf, with woodcuts by Vanessa Bell
 * Jacob's Room (1922) by Virginia Woolf; the first of her novels published by The Hogarth Press
 * The Devils (1922) by Dostoyevsky – co-translated by Virginia Woolf
 * The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot (1924) – first UK book edition
 * The Common Reader (1925) by Virginia Woolf
 * Karn (1922) and Martha Wish-You-Ill (1926) – poetry by Ruth Manning-Sanders
 * Orlando (1928) by Virginia Woolf
 * Living (1929) by Henry Green
 * A Room of One's Own (1930) by Virginia Woolf
 * The Waves (1931) by Virginia Woolf
 * In a Province (1934) – first book by Laurens van der Post
 * What I Believe (1939) by E. M. Forster
 * Party Going (1939) by Henry Green
 * Twilight in Delhi (1940) by Ahmed Ali
 * Loving by Henry Green (1945)
 * The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (1956–1974), in collaboration with Anna Freud
 * The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (1977) by Jacques Lacan, his first published Seminar.

The Hogarth Shakespeare Project
In 2015 Hogarth Press began producing a series of modern retellings of William Shakespeare plays, known as the Hogarth Shakespeare Project, for which it hired a variety of authors:

 * 1) The Gap of Time (based on The Winter's Tale), Jeanette Winterson (published 2015)
 * 2) Shylock is my Name (based on The Merchant of Venice), Howard Jacobson (published 2016)
 * 3) Vinegar Girl (based on The Taming of the Shrew), Anne Tyler (published 2016)
 * 4) Hag-Seed (based on The Tempest), Margaret Atwood (published 2016)
 * 5) New Boy (based on Othello), Tracy Chevalier (published 2017)
 * 6) Dunbar (based on King Lear), Edward St Aubyn (published 2017)
 * 7) Macbeth (based on Macbeth), Jo Nesbo (published 2018)

title: Hogarth Press


text:
Professor Potter

Professor Phineas Potter is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics and appears in the comics that feature Superman and several related characters, most notably Jimmy Olsen.

Publication history
Phineas Potter first appeared in Superman's Pal, Jimmy Olsen #22 (August 1957) and was created by Otto Binder and Curt Swan.

Pre-Crisis
The original incarnation of Professor Potter was the maternal uncle of Lana Lang and first encountered the Man of Steel during his teenage years as Superboy. A professor and eccentric scientist, Potter often invented odd or fantastical devices which he intended to use for the betterment of humanity. However, he rarely considered the potential downsides of his inventions. While several of his devices were harmless, many others were not and chaos often ensued when they were activated.

Potter befriended three newspaper reporters from the Daily Planet: Lois Lane, Jimmy Olsen and Clark Kent. Olsen, in particular, was often the intended victim of Potter's inventions gone awry. Thanks to Potter and his inventions, Olsen was briefly evolved into a super-intelligent being from one million A.D., given an elongated nose like the character Pinocchio, stricken with "flame-breath", and cursed with an evil twin, among other calamities. However, Potter was able to recreate a serum which had once given Olsen stretchability powers. Thus, Olsen was able to occasionally use those powers as Elastic Lad.

Post-Crisis
Following the Crisis on Infinite Earths limited series, Superman's history was revised, such that Clark Kent did not begin his public superhero career until adulthood, and thus never operated as Superboy. In the revised continuity, Phineas Potter's role in the Superman mythos has been largely replaced by a seemingly more competent professor named Emil Hamilton. Potter eventually appears as a scientist working at the Hawaiian branch of S.T.A.R. Labs. The Superboy he encounters is Conner Kent, the hybrid clone of Superman and Lex Luthor. There is no apparent relationship to Lana Lang.

In other media
A similar themed character appeared on the Adventures of Superman television series in the 1950s. The absent-minded Professor Pepperwinkle is portrayed by Phil Tead in five episodes of the series, which featured George Reeves as Superman. Pepperwinkle also appeared in Superman comics during the 1970s.

Professor Potter appears in The Adventures of Superboy.

In Smallville, Lana Lang has a maternal aunt named Nell Potter (played by Sarah-Jane Redmond).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Professor Potter


text:
Kelly McGillis

Kelly Ann McGillis (born July 9, 1957) is an American actress. She is known for her film roles such as Rachel Lapp in Witness (1985), for which she received Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations; Charlie in Top Gun (1986); Made in Heaven (1987); The House on Carroll Street (1988); and as Katheryn Murphy in The Accused (1988). In her later career, she has starred in horror films such as Stake Land (2010), The Innkeepers (2011), and We Are What We Are (2013).

Early life
McGillis was born on July 9, 1957, in the Southern California suburb of Newport Beach, the eldest of three daughters born to Virginia Joan (née Snell), a homemaker, and Donald Manson McGillis, a physician. Her direct paternal descent is Scots-Irish, including German and Welsh ancestry. She attended Newport Harbor High School.

McGillis attended the Pacific Conservatory of the Performing Arts at Allan Hancock College in Santa Maria, California. After getting her GED after dropping out of high school in 1975, she moved to New York City to study acting at the Juilliard School, where she graduated in 1983, Group 12.

Film
After making her film debut in Reuben, Reuben in 1983, McGillis's breakout role was that of an Amish mother in Witness (1985) for which she received Golden Globe and BAFTA award nominations. Her next high-profile role was that of flight instructor Charlotte Blackwood (call sign "Charlie") in the 1986 fighter-pilot film Top Gun starring Tom Cruise.

In 1987, McGillis acted in the romance film Made in Heaven, directed by Alan Rudolph, which was produced by Lorimar Productions.

McGillis played the part of caretaker for Miss Venable (Jessica Tandy) in 1988's The House on Carroll Street, which also starred Jeff Daniels. She overhears a suspicious conversation in the house next door and suspects that she's stumbled on a conspiracy to smuggle Nazi war criminals into the United States.

After 1988's The Accused, she appeared in Cat Chaser with Peter Weller, a film she despised and which discouraged her from pursuing an acting career. McGillis appeared in dozens of television and film roles throughout the 1990s before taking a break from acting for a few years.

McGillis played the part of Babe Ruth's second wife, Claire Merritt Ruth, in The Babe (1992). From the late-1980s to the mid-1990s, McGillis appeared in Winter People (1989), and North (1994), her second Amish part in television or film, as well as several made-for-TV films.

In 1999, McGillis co-starred with Val Kilmer (who plays Virgil, a blind man), for a second time as his over protective sister in At First Sight.

She played the suspect in the disappearance of a young woman in The Monkey's Mask, an international lesbian cult film from 2000 starring Susie Porter. The film is based on the verse novel of the same name by Australian poet Dorothy Porter.

Television
McGillis's early television roles included a part on the daytime soap One Life to Live in 1984.

She starred in the 1984 television movie Sweet Revenge (also known as Bittersweet Revenge) with Alec Baldwin.

Other television films during the 1980s included Private Sessions in 1985, and as a narrator in Santabear's First Christmas. She also narrated the documentary Out of Ireland for PBS in 1995.

Stage
While at Juilliard she performed in William Congreve's Love for Love, directed by John Bletchley. She appeared in a couple of off-broadway and Broadway theater productions during the 1980s in New York City.

During the late-1980s and through the mid-2000s, McGillis was a featured actress at the prestigious Shakespeare Theatre Company in Washington DC. In 2002, she appeared in production of John Webber's play "The Duchess of Malfi" at the Shakespeare Theatre, Washington, DC.

In 2004, she appeared in the stage play The Graduate as Mrs. Robinson, touring the United States. McGillis starred in a Pasadena Playhouse stage production of The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman in May 2009, co-starring with Julia Duffy.

Her stage work includes: Don Juan (1982), The Sea Gull (1985), Peccadillo (1985), The Merchant of Venice (1988), Twelfth Night (1989), Mary Stuart (1990), The Merry Wives of Windsor (1990), Hedda Gabler (1994), Mourning Becomes Electra (1997), A Midsummer Night's Dream (1999), Measure for Measure (1999) and The Graduate (2004), together with additional roles in Love for Love, Six Characters in Search of an Author, Three Sisters and The Winter's Tale.

She also appeared in a production of Frankie and Johnny in the Clair de Lune by Terrence McNally, which toured the United Kingdom in 2010.

Return to film and TV
She began working in television again in 2006, then in 2007 joined the cast of Showtime's The L Word for its fifth season.

She had a role in the 2010 vampire film Stake Land, directed by Jim Mickle, starring alongside Nick Damici, Connor Paolo and Danielle Harris.

McGillis was featured in a breast cancer docu-drama titled 1 a Minute, released in 2010.

She starred in Ti West's 2011 thriller The Innkeepers, We Are What We Are and Tio Papi in 2013, Grand Street, Love Finds You in Sugarcreek, Ohio (which was McGillis's third Amish-themed film), Z Nation, and an episode of Sisters of Mercy in 2014, and Blue in 2015.

An Uncommon Grace on Hallmark Channel was McGillis's fourth Amish themed film and she had the lead role in Mother of All Secrets in 2017 as Rose Lewis.

Personal life
McGillis married fellow Juilliard student Boyd Black in 1979; the couple divorced in 1981. In the mid-1980s, she dated actors Warren Beatty and Jodie Foster. She married Fred Tillman in 1989, and they have two daughters. The couple divorced in 2002.

The Centurion, a 110-foot schooner valued at $1.5 million owned by McGillis and her then-husband, Fred Tillman, was destroyed by fire in April 1996 at a marina in Dania, Florida. The fire started on an adjacent boat at the Port LauDania marina on a Dania Cutoff Canal and spread to the schooner. Tillman had brought the boat from the couple's home in Key West in hopes of selling it at the Fort Lauderdale Boat Show.

McGillis came out as a lesbian in 2009 during an interview with SheWired. In 2010, she entered into a civil union with Melanie Leis, a Philadelphia sales executive. They had met in 2000 when Leis was a bartender at the Caribbean Bar Grill & Brewery in Key West, Florida, which McGillis owned with her then-husband.

McGillis worked full-time with drug addicts and alcoholics at Seabrook House Drug Alcohol Rehab Center, a rehabilitation center in Bridgeton, New Jersey, when she and Leis shared a home in Collingswood.

McGillis currently lives in Hendersonville, North Carolina. As of 2013, she has taught acting at the New York Studio for Stage and Screen (NYS3) in Asheville, North Carolina.

2016 home invasion
McGillis was left scratched and bruised after being assaulted by a woman who broke into her home on June 17, 2016. She said the attack, as well as others she has experienced in the past, led her to apply for a concealed carry permit to protect herself. Following the incident, a 38-year-old woman, Laurence Marie Dorn, was charged with second-degree burglary, misdemeanor larceny, misdemeanor stalking, assault and battery, and interfering with emergency communication. Dorn was later convicted of misdemeanor breaking and entering and sentenced to probation.

title: Kelly McGillis


text:
Talk:Senoi

August 2003
I think that it is such a shame that we couldn't preserve this people's culture into these days and beyond. They had to abandon their rich dreaming culture because of us, which is even of loss to us. We killed much knowledge about dreaming, by doing this to them, and now we'll have to research it again. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.209.63.202 (talk) 18:11, 12 August 2003 (UTC)

Response: Consider it the consequence of the generally assimilated humanity of pundits with many predisposed assumptions. It is very unfortunate, and perhaps it can be realised that dogmatism in any regard is not expedient of attaining a rudimentary understanding of the world on an a priori level--or logical-metaphysical or even mathematical. Case in point, the scientific method is simply a manifestation of dogmatism within the scientific community and is widely cultivated with approval.

/* Kilton Steward misnamed */
The article refers to "Kilton Stewart", yet all external references I've seen name the author as "Kilton Steward". I propose to make this correction, unless somebody soon persuades me not to.

yoyo (talk) 05:14, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

..................... Comment by TBL [ sunfreedom76@yahoo.com}: Please see my comment under SEMANG. ............. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.203.207.120 (talk) 01:40, 24 October 2010 (UTC)

The Demographics section says there are five groups of the Senoi but then lists six. I will change the number to six and hopefully that will not be a problem!Soulfulpsy (talk) 03:41, 14 April 2013 (UTC)

The picture should change
The hiker is easier to see than the actual Senoi person the emphasis is on. I think we should change it to some other image, perhaps the one we use for Semai?--Yellow Diamond (talk) 21:23, 7 December 2016 (UTC)

Unless I've got their identities confused. Which also might be a problem. We should get a photo with just Senoi. --Yellow Diamond (talk) 21:24, 7 December 2016 (UTC)

 * I chose the current infobox photo because that's the only one that I can find in wikicommons and it has not been used in any articles; besides the Senoi guard photo which has already been used in various articles. I thought it is best to look for sources that specifically mentions the Senoi for reference sake. I've also searched for public domain / no restrictions photos in websites like flickr and found none. Unless if you have a photo of the Senoi people that you would like to contribute to the wikicommons, then it would be great. -Jeblat (talk) 03:41, 8 December 2016 (UTC)

Can't we just use the one we have on Semai? Is there a rule about using the same photo twice? I've seen photos duplicated as the lead image before - especially in taxonomy articles, so I don't see why we can't use the Semai one.--Yellow Diamond (talk) 17:03, 8 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Yes, you can use the same photo twice, especially when there is only one photo available on the subject matter in wikicommons. There is also no rule stating that it is not allowed to reuse a photo on different articles. However, whether it is okay to use a Semai photo as Senoi in this article is not entirely for me to decide and is best to also let others to decide/discuss on it here and then go with the majority. In the mean time, I will put a "request image" tag here. Other possible options would be getting the existing photo cropped with the permission of the owner. -Jeblat (talk) 09:55, 10 December 2016 (UTC)

I thought that the Semai were just a Senoi subgroup. It seems to state as much in the article. Every Senoi is going to be in a subgroup, Semai, Jah Hut, Temiar, etc., right? The man in the current photo must be from some subgroup too. So I think any subgroup photo is probably fine.--Yellow Diamond (talk) 03:47, 11 December 2016 (UTC)

... I don't think there are any others to discuss this,--User:Yellow Diamond Δ Direct Line to the Diamonds  04:04, 21 December 2016 (UTC)

 * What photo do you have in mind? I'm considering to use this photo of a Besisi wedding celebration. They are still under the Senoi group. The wikicommon is a treasure trove of photos where most of them will likely go unnoticed. Which is also part of the reason I choose this photo. --Jeblat (talk) 08:04, 22 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Senoi


text:
User:Mkmcconn/Clipboard

WP:STUB

title: User:Mkmcconn/Clipboard


text:
Cross-correlation matrix

The cross-correlation matrix of two random vectors is a matrix containing as elements the cross-correlations of all pairs of elements of the random vectors. The cross-correlation matrix is used in various digital signal processing algorithms.

Definition
For two random vectors $$\mathbf{X} = (X_1,\ldots,X_m)^{\rm T}$$ and $$\mathbf{Y} = (Y_1,\ldots,Y_n)^{\rm T}$$, each containing random elements whose expected value and variance exist, the cross-correlation matrix of $$\mathbf{X}$$ and $$\mathbf{Y}$$ is defined by

and has dimensions $$m \times n$$. Written component-wise:

 * $$\operatorname{R}_{\mathbf{X}\mathbf{Y}} =

\begin{bmatrix} \operatorname{E}[X_1 Y_1] & \operatorname{E}[X_1 Y_2] & \cdots & \operatorname{E}[X_1 Y_n] \\ \\ \operatorname{E}[X_2 Y_1] & \operatorname{E}[X_2 Y_2] & \cdots & \operatorname{E}[X_2 Y_n] \\ \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ \\ \operatorname{E}[X_m Y_1] & \operatorname{E}[X_m Y_2] & \cdots & \operatorname{E}[X_m Y_n] \\ \\ \end{bmatrix} $$

The random vectors $$\mathbf{X}$$ and $$\mathbf{Y}$$ need not have the same dimension, and either might be a scalar value.

Example
For example, if $$\mathbf{X} = \left( X_1,X_2,X_3 \right)^{\rm T}$$ and $$\mathbf{Y} = \left( Y_1,Y_2 \right)^{\rm T}$$ are random vectors, then $$\operatorname{R}_{\mathbf{X}\mathbf{Y}}$$ is a $$3 \times 2$$ matrix whose $$(i,j)$$-th entry is $$\operatorname{E}[X_i Y_j]$$.

Complex random vectors
If $$\mathbf{Z} = (Z_1,\ldots,Z_m)^{\rm T}$$ and $$\mathbf{W} = (W_1,\ldots,W_n)^{\rm T}$$ are complex random vectors, each containing random variables whose expected value and variance exist, the cross-correlation matrix of $$\mathbf{Z}$$ and $$\mathbf{W}$$ is defined by

 * $$\operatorname{R}_{\mathbf{Z}\mathbf{W}} \triangleq\ \operatorname{E}[\mathbf{Z} \mathbf{W}^{\rm H}]$$

where $${}^{\rm H}$$ denotes Hermitian transposition.

Uncorrelatedness
Two random vectors $$\mathbf{X}=(X_1,\ldots,X_m)^{\rm T} $$ and $$\mathbf{Y}=(Y_1,\ldots,Y_n)^{\rm T} $$ are called uncorrelated if
 * $$\operatorname{E}[\mathbf{X} \mathbf{Y}^{\rm T}] = \operatorname{E}[\mathbf{X}]\operatorname{E}[\mathbf{Y}]^{\rm T}.$$

They are uncorrelated if and only if their cross-covariance matrix $$\operatorname{K}_{\mathbf{X}\mathbf{Y}}$$ matrix is zero.

In the case of two complex random vectors $$\mathbf{Z}$$ and $$\mathbf{W}$$ they are called uncorrelated if
 * $$\operatorname{E}[\mathbf{Z} \mathbf{W}^{\rm H}] = \operatorname{E}[\mathbf{Z}]\operatorname{E}[\mathbf{W}]^{\rm H}$$

and
 * $$\operatorname{E}[\mathbf{Z} \mathbf{W}^{\rm T}] = \operatorname{E}[\mathbf{Z}]\operatorname{E}[\mathbf{W}]^{\rm T}.$$

Relation to the cross-covariance matrix
The cross-correlation is related to the cross-covariance matrix as follows:
 * $$\operatorname{K}_{\mathbf{X}\mathbf{Y}} = \operatorname{E}[(\mathbf{X} - \operatorname{E}[\mathbf{X}])(\mathbf{Y} - \operatorname{E}[\mathbf{Y}])^{\rm T}] = \operatorname{R}_{\mathbf{X}\mathbf{Y}} - \operatorname{E}[\mathbf{X}] \operatorname{E}[\mathbf{Y}]^{\rm T}$$
 * Respectively for complex random vectors:
 * $$\operatorname{K}_{\mathbf{Z}\mathbf{W}} = \operatorname{E}[(\mathbf{Z} - \operatorname{E}[\mathbf{Z}])(\mathbf{W} - \operatorname{E}[\mathbf{W}])^{\rm H}] = \operatorname{R}_{\mathbf{Z}\mathbf{W}} - \operatorname{E}[\mathbf{Z}] \operatorname{E}[\mathbf{W}]^{\rm H}$$

title: Cross-correlation matrix


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Richard Stevenson (poet)

Richard Stevenson (4 March 1952 – 18 October 2023) was a Canadian teacher and poet. Stevenson taught English at Lethbridge College in Lethbridge, Alberta, and also taught in Nigeria for a few years.

Stevenson held degrees in English and creative writing from the University of Victoria and University of British Columbia. He was also a musician with the young adult group Sasquatch and the jazz/poetry ensemble Naked Ear.

Stevenson was an accomplished writer, publishing more than 40 works of poetry, haiku, and fiction, with five titles forthcoming posthumously. A former editor-in-chief of PRISM international, he served in various editorial, jury, and writing and arts group executive capacities over the years. Stevenson's reviews and poems have appeared in hundreds of magazines, anthologies, e-zines, and journals published in Canada, the United States, and overseas.

Awards

 * Norma Epstein Award for Creative Writing (co-winner), 1983.
 * Vancouver Literary Storefront Chapbook Award, 1983.
 * Stephan G. Stephansson Award for Poetry, for the book, From the Mouths of Angels. The award is bestowed annually by the Writers' Guild of Alberta.
 * ACIFA Excellence in Promoting Student Learning Award, 1996.
 * Pyrowords' Literary Rose Award, 1997.
 * Second Prize, Sketches of Miles Contest, 2001.

Source: University of Toronto Libraries: Canadian Poetry Online and University of Manitoba: The Canadian Literature Archive

Partial list of works
Books & CD

 * Driving Offensively (Sono Nis Press, 1985 )
 * Suiting Up (Third Eye Publications, 1986 )
 * Horizontal Hotel: A Nigerian Odyssey (TSAR Publications, 1989 )
 * Whatever It Is Plants Dream (Goose Lane Editions, 1990 )
 * Learning To Breathe (Cacanadadada Press, 1992)
 * From The Mouths of Angels (Ekstasis Editions, 1993)
 * Flying Coffins (Ekstasis Editions, 1994)
 * Why Were All The Werewolves Men? (Thistledown Press, 1994)
 * Wiser Pills (HMS Electronic Books, 1994)
 * A Murder of Crows: New & Selected Poems (Black Moss Press, 1998)
 * Nothing Definite Yeti (Ekstasis Editions, 1999)
 * C4/4 Miles [CD] (a Muse 'n' Blues Production of Sound Gallery Enterprises, 1999) with poetry/jazz troupe Naked Ear and composer Gordon Leigh
 * Live Evil: A Homage To Miles Davis (Thistledown Press, 2000 )
 * Hot Flashes: Maiduguri Haiku, Senryu, and Tanka (Ekstasis Editions, 2001)
 * Take Me To Your Leader! (Bayeux Arts Inc., 2003)
 * A Charm of Finches (Ekstasis Editions, 2004)
 * Parrot With Tourette's (Black Moss Press, Palm Poets Series, 2004)
 * Alex Anklebone & Andy The Dog (Bayeux Arts Inc., 2005)
 * Flicker at the Fascia: Poems (Serengeti Press, 2005)
 * Riding On a Magpie Riff (Black Moss Press, memoir for their Settlements series, 2006)
 * Bye Bye Blackbird: An Elegiac Suite for Miles Davis (Ekstasis Editions, 2007)
 * The Emerald Hour: Haiku, Senryu, Tanka, and Zappai; photographs by Ellen McArthur (Ekstasis Editions, 2008)
 * Tidings of Magpies: Haiku, Senryu, and Tanka (Spotted Cow Press, 2008)
 * Wiser Pills (Revised Edition, Frontenac Editions, 2008)
 * Windfall Apples (Athabasca University Press, 2010)
 * Casting Out Nines (Ekstasis Editions, 2011)
 * The Haunting of Amos Manor (Palimpsest Press / Magpie Books, 2011)
 * A Dog Named Normal (Ekstasis Editions, 2013)
 * Fruit Wedge Moon (Hidden Brook Press, 2015)
 * The Heiligen Effect: Selected Haikai Poems & Sequences (Ekstasis Editions, 2015)
 * Rock, Scissors, Paper: The Clifford Olson Murders (Grey Borders Press, 2016)
 * A Gaggle of Geese: Haiku, Senryu, Tanka, Kyoka, and Zappai (Alba Publishing, 2017)
 * Eye to Eye with My Octopi (Cyberwit, 2022)
 * Bature! West African Haikai (Mawenzi House Publishers, 2022)
 * Hairy Hullabaloo (Starship Sloane Publishing, 2024)

Chapbooks

 * Hierarchy At The Feeder (dollarpoem editions, 1984)
 * Twelve Houseplants (dollarpoem editions, 1985)
 * Dick and Jane Have Sex (greensleeve editions, 1990)
 * Fuzzy Dice (Cubicle Press, 2004)
 * Frank's Aquarium (Cubicle Press, 2004)
 * Tempus Fugit (Laurel Reed Books, 2005)
 * Jazz Pops for Jack (Laurel Reed Books, 2011)
 * Neon Headband (Leaf Press, 2012)

Selected Anthologies

 * Landmarks (Acorn Press, 2001)

Source: University of Toronto Libraries: Canadian Poetry Online, The University of British Columbia, and University of Manitoba: The Canadian Literature Archive

title: Richard Stevenson (poet)


text:
Gulfport–Biloxi International Airport

Gulfport–Biloxi International Airport is a joint civil–military public-use airport three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the central business district of Gulfport, a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, United States. It is owned by the Gulfport–Biloxi Regional Airport Authority and serves the Gulf Coast area.

This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a primary commercial service airport (more than 10,000 enplanements per year). As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 487,907 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008; 411,978 enplanements in 2009; and 325,437 emplacements in 2014. Despite its title, all regularly scheduled commercial passenger flights at the airport are domestic flights only.

History
The airport was originally built in 1942 by the United States Army Air Forces as a training base for Air Corps Flying Training Command. Gulfport Army Airfield opened on July 7, and the Eastern Technical Training Command conducted technical training and basic training unit transferred to Third Air Force on March 31, 1944 with joint use by Technical Training Command for marine training of Emergency Rescue School (3d Air Rescue Group) at Keesler Army Airfield. With the end of the war and the drawdown of the military, Gulfport AAF was placed into reserve status on January 31, 1946.

Gulfport Field was declared excess by the Air Force and conveyed by the War Assets Administration to the City of Gulfport in 1949 for use as a civil airport. The city negotiated airline service contracts with Southern Airways and later National Airlines to provide passenger and cargo service beginning in the early 1950s.

Due to the large expansion of the United States Air Force as a result of the Cold War, a new lease was obtained for military use of the airport, and Gulfport Air Force Base was opened as a joint-use civil–military facility. Gulfport AFB was closed as an active Air Force installation and its military facilities were transferred to the Mississippi Air National Guard, with the airport remaining a joint-use airport and Air National Guard base. Although no military aircraft are permanently assigned, the base serves as the home of the Gulfport Combat Readiness Training Center.

Through the late 1970s, Southern Airways continued as the primary airline, followed by successors Republic Airlines and Northwest Airlines into the 1990s.

Facilities and aircraft
Gulfport–Biloxi International Airport covers an area of 1,400 acres (567 ha) at an elevation of 28 feet (9 m) above mean sea level. It has two runways: 14/32 is 9,002 by 150 feet (2,744 x 46 m) with an asphalt and concrete surface; 18/36 is 4,935 by 150 feet (1,504 x 46 m) with an asphalt surface.

For the 12-month period ending January 31, 2018, the airport had 48,868 aircraft operations, an average of 134 per day: 52% military, 26% general aviation, 8% air taxi, and 14% scheduled commercial. As in 4Q of 2023, there were 41 aircraft based at this airport: 32 single-engine, 4 jet, 2 multi-engine, 3 helicopter,.

Cargo facility
A 40000 sqft cargo facility is at Gulfport–Biloxi International Airport. It includes 20000 sqft of chiller space; 20000 sqft of cargo sorting and distribution space; and 6000 sqft of office space. Airside access from the runway system has been designed with safety and efficiency in mind. The ramp can facilitate two MD11s, DC10s or B747s. The area is also expandable with 120 acre reserved for air cargo on airport property.

Hurricane Katrina
The airport was closed for repairs following severe damage by Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. On August 30, 2005, the airfield reopened to first responder flights, and on September 8 it reopened for commercial flights. The airport underwent an extensive renovation that was completed in 2007.

title: Gulfport–Biloxi International Airport


text:
World Junior Chess Championship

The  World Junior Chess Championship is an under-20 chess tournament (players must have been under 20 years old on 1 January in the year of competition) organized by the World Chess Federation (FIDE).

The idea was the brainchild of William Ritson-Morry, who organized the 1951 inaugural event to take place in Birmingham, England. Subsequently, it was held every two years until 1973, when an annual schedule was adopted. In 1983, a separate tournament for girls was established.

Some players are seeded into the tournament based on Elo rating and top finishes in previous championships. The first championship was an 11-round Swiss system tournament. In subsequent championships, the entrants were divided into sections, and preliminary sectional tournaments were used to establish graded finals sections (Final A, Final B, etc.). Since 1975 the tournaments have returned to the Swiss format.

Originally the winner of the open tournament was awarded the title International Master if he had not already received it. Currently the winner receives the Grandmaster title, and the second and third-place finishers receive the International Master titles. The winner of the girls' tournament receives the Woman Grandmaster title, and the second and third-place finishers receive the Woman International Master titles.

Four winners – Boris Spassky, Anatoly Karpov, Garry Kasparov and Viswanathan Anand – have gone on to win the World Chess Championship.

World U-20 Championship

 * {| class="sortable wikitable"

! No. !! Year !! Location !! Champion !! Winning country
 * 1
 * 1951
 * Coventry/Birmingham
 * Borislav Ivkov
 * 2
 * 1953
 * Copenhagen
 * Oscar Panno
 * 3
 * 1955
 * Antwerp
 * Boris Spassky
 * undefined
 * 4
 * 1957
 * Toronto
 * William Lombardy
 * 🇺🇸 united states
 * 5
 * 1959
 * Münchenstein
 * Carlos Bielicki
 * 6
 * 1961
 * The Hague
 * Bruno Parma
 * 7
 * 1963
 * Vrnjačka Banja
 * Florin Gheorghiu
 * 🇷🇴 romania
 * 8
 * 1965
 * Barcelona
 * Bojan Kurajica
 * 9
 * 1967
 * Jerusalem
 * Julio Kaplan
 * 🇵🇷 puerto rico
 * 10
 * 1969
 * Stockholm
 * Anatoly Karpov
 * undefined
 * 11
 * 1971
 * Athens
 * Werner Hug
 * 12
 * 1973
 * Teesside
 * Alexander Beliavsky
 * undefined
 * 13
 * 1974
 * Manila
 * Anthony Miles
 * 14
 * 1975
 * Tjentište
 * Valery Chekhov
 * undefined
 * 15
 * 1976
 * Groningen
 * Mark Diesen
 * 16
 * 1977
 * Innsbruck
 * Artur Yusupov
 * undefined
 * 17
 * 1978
 * Graz
 * Sergey Dolmatov
 * undefined
 * 18
 * 1979
 * Skien
 * Yasser Seirawan
 * 19
 * 1980
 * Dortmund
 * Garry Kasparov
 * undefined
 * 20
 * 1981
 * Mexico City
 * Ognjen Cvitan
 * 21
 * 1982
 * Copenhagen
 * Andrei Sokolov
 * 22
 * 1983
 * Belfort
 * Kiril Georgiev
 * 🇧🇬 bulgaria
 * 23
 * 1984
 * Kiljava
 * Curt Hansen
 * 24
 * 1985
 * Sharjah
 * Maxim Dlugy
 * 25
 * 1986
 * Gausdal
 * Walter Arencibia
 * 26
 * 1987
 * Baguio
 * Viswanathan Anand
 * 27
 * 1988
 * Adelaide
 * Joël Lautier
 * 28
 * 1989
 * Tunja
 * Vasil Spasov
 * 🇧🇬 bulgaria
 * 29
 * 1990
 * Santiago
 * Ilya Gurevich
 * 30
 * 1991
 * Mamaja
 * Vladimir Akopian
 * 31
 * 1992
 * Buenos Aires
 * Pablo Zarnicki
 * 32
 * 1993
 * Kozhikode
 * Igor Miladinović
 * 33
 * 1994
 * Matinhos
 * Helgi Grétarsson
 * 34
 * 1995
 * Halle
 * Roman Slobodjan
 * 35
 * 1996
 * Medellín
 * Emil Sutovsky
 * 36
 * 1997
 * Żagań
 * Tal Shaked
 * 37
 * 1998
 * Kozhikode
 * Darmen Sadvakasov
 * 38
 * 1999
 * Yerevan
 * Aleksandr Galkin
 * 39
 * 2000
 * Yerevan
 * Lázaro Bruzón
 * 40
 * 2001
 * Athens
 * Péter Ács
 * 41
 * 2002
 * Goa
 * Levon Aronian
 * 42
 * 2003
 * Nakhchivan
 * Shakhriyar Mamedyarov
 * 43
 * 2004
 * Kochi
 * Pentala Harikrishna
 * 44
 * 2005
 * Istanbul
 * Shakhriyar Mamedyarov
 * 45
 * 2006
 * Yerevan
 * Zaven Andriasian
 * 46
 * 2007
 * Yerevan
 * Ahmed Adly
 * 47
 * 2008
 * Gaziantep
 * Abhijeet Gupta
 * 48
 * 2009
 * Puerto Madryn
 * Maxime Vachier-Lagrave
 * 49
 * 2010
 * Chotowa
 * Dmitry Andreikin
 * 50
 * 2011
 * Chennai
 * Dariusz Świercz
 * 51
 * 2012
 * Athens
 * Alexander Ipatov
 * 52
 * 2013
 * Kocaeli
 * Yu Yangyi
 * 53
 * 2014
 * Pune
 * Lu Shanglei
 * 54
 * 2015
 * Khanty-Mansiysk
 * Mikhail Antipov
 * 55
 * 2016
 * Bhubaneswar
 * Jeffery Xiong
 * 56
 * 2017
 * Tarvisio
 * Aryan Tari
 * 57
 * 2018
 * Gebze
 * Parham Maghsoodloo
 * 58
 * 2019
 * New Delhi
 * Evgeny Shtembuliak
 * 59
 * 2022
 * Cala Gonone
 * Abdulla Gadimbayli
 * 60
 * 2023
 * Mexico City
 * Marc'Andria Maurizzi
 * 61
 * 2024
 * Gandhinagar
 * Kazybek Nogerbek
 * }
 * 44
 * 2005
 * Istanbul
 * Shakhriyar Mamedyarov
 * 45
 * 2006
 * Yerevan
 * Zaven Andriasian
 * 46
 * 2007
 * Yerevan
 * Ahmed Adly
 * 47
 * 2008
 * Gaziantep
 * Abhijeet Gupta
 * 48
 * 2009
 * Puerto Madryn
 * Maxime Vachier-Lagrave
 * 49
 * 2010
 * Chotowa
 * Dmitry Andreikin
 * 50
 * 2011
 * Chennai
 * Dariusz Świercz
 * 51
 * 2012
 * Athens
 * Alexander Ipatov
 * 52
 * 2013
 * Kocaeli
 * Yu Yangyi
 * 53
 * 2014
 * Pune
 * Lu Shanglei
 * 54
 * 2015
 * Khanty-Mansiysk
 * Mikhail Antipov
 * 55
 * 2016
 * Bhubaneswar
 * Jeffery Xiong
 * 56
 * 2017
 * Tarvisio
 * Aryan Tari
 * 57
 * 2018
 * Gebze
 * Parham Maghsoodloo
 * 58
 * 2019
 * New Delhi
 * Evgeny Shtembuliak
 * 59
 * 2022
 * Cala Gonone
 * Abdulla Gadimbayli
 * 60
 * 2023
 * Mexico City
 * Marc'Andria Maurizzi
 * 61
 * 2024
 * Gandhinagar
 * Kazybek Nogerbek
 * }
 * 56
 * 2017
 * Tarvisio
 * Aryan Tari
 * 57
 * 2018
 * Gebze
 * Parham Maghsoodloo
 * 58
 * 2019
 * New Delhi
 * Evgeny Shtembuliak
 * 59
 * 2022
 * Cala Gonone
 * Abdulla Gadimbayli
 * 60
 * 2023
 * Mexico City
 * Marc'Andria Maurizzi
 * 61
 * 2024
 * Gandhinagar
 * Kazybek Nogerbek
 * }
 * 60
 * 2023
 * Mexico City
 * Marc'Andria Maurizzi
 * 61
 * 2024
 * Gandhinagar
 * Kazybek Nogerbek
 * }
 * Kazybek Nogerbek
 * }
 * }

World Girls U-20 Championship

 * {| class="sortable wikitable"

! No. !! Year !! Location !! Champion !! Winning country
 * 1
 * 1982
 * Senta
 * Agnieszka Brustman
 * 🇵🇱 Poland
 * 2
 * 1983
 * Mexico City
 * Fliura Khasanova
 * USSR
 * 3
 * 1985
 * Dobrna
 * Ketevan Arakhamia
 * USSR
 * 4
 * 1986
 * Vilnius
 * Ildikó Mádl
 * 🇭🇺 Hungary
 * 5
 * 1987
 * Baguio
 * Camilla Baginskaite
 * USSR
 * 6
 * 1988
 * Adelaide
 * Alisa Galliamova
 * USSR
 * 7
 * 1989
 * Tunja
 * Ketino Kachiani
 * USSR
 * 8
 * 1990
 * Santiago
 * Ketino Kachiani
 * USSR
 * 9
 * 1991
 * Mamaja
 * Nataša Bojković
 * 10
 * 1992
 * Buenos Aires
 * Krystyna Dąbrowska
 * 11
 * 1993
 * Kozhikode
 * Nino Khurtsidze
 * undefined
 * 12
 * 1994
 * Matinhos
 * Zhu Chen
 * PRC
 * 13
 * 1995
 * Halle
 * Nino Khurtsidze
 * undefined
 * 14
 * 1996
 * Medellín
 * Zhu Chen
 * PRC
 * 15
 * 1997
 * Żagań
 * Harriet Hunt
 * 16
 * 1998
 * Kozhikode
 * Hoang Thanh Trang
 * 17
 * 1999
 * Yerevan
 * Maria Kouvatsou
 * 18
 * 2000
 * Yerevan
 * Xu Yuanyuan
 * PRC
 * 19
 * 2001
 * Athens
 * Humpy Koneru
 * 20
 * 2002
 * Goa
 * Zhao Xue
 * PRC
 * 21
 * 2003
 * Nakhchivan
 * Nana Dzagnidze
 * undefined
 * 22
 * 2004
 * Kochi
 * Ekaterina Korbut
 * 23
 * 2005
 * Istanbul
 * Elisabeth Pähtz
 * 24
 * 2006
 * Yerevan
 * Shen Yang
 * PRC
 * 25
 * 2007
 * Yerevan
 * Vera Nebolsina
 * 26
 * 2008
 * Gaziantep
 * Harika Dronavalli
 * 27
 * 2009
 * Puerto Madryn
 * Soumya Swaminathan
 * 28
 * 2010
 * Chotowa
 * Anna Muzychuk
 * 🇸🇮 Slovenia
 * 29
 * 2011
 * Chennai
 * Deysi Cori
 * 🇵🇪 Peru
 * 30
 * 2012
 * Athens
 * Guo Qi
 * 31
 * 2013
 * Kocaeli
 * Aleksandra Goryachkina
 * 32
 * 2014
 * Pune
 * Aleksandra Goryachkina
 * 33
 * 2015
 * Khanty-Mansiysk
 * Nataliya Buksa
 * 34
 * 2016
 * Bhubaneswar
 * Dinara Saduakassova
 * 35
 * 2017
 * Tarvisio
 * Zhansaya Abdumalik
 * 36
 * 2018
 * Gebze
 * Aleksandra Maltsevskaya
 * 37
 * 2019
 * New Delhi
 * Polina Shuvalova
 * 38
 * 2022
 * Cala Gonone
 * Govhar Beydullayeva
 * 39
 * 2023
 * Mexico City
 * Candela Francisco
 * 40
 * 2024
 * Gandhinagar
 * Divya Deshmukh
 * }
 * 31
 * 2013
 * Kocaeli
 * Aleksandra Goryachkina
 * 32
 * 2014
 * Pune
 * Aleksandra Goryachkina
 * 33
 * 2015
 * Khanty-Mansiysk
 * Nataliya Buksa
 * 34
 * 2016
 * Bhubaneswar
 * Dinara Saduakassova
 * 35
 * 2017
 * Tarvisio
 * Zhansaya Abdumalik
 * 36
 * 2018
 * Gebze
 * Aleksandra Maltsevskaya
 * 37
 * 2019
 * New Delhi
 * Polina Shuvalova
 * 38
 * 2022
 * Cala Gonone
 * Govhar Beydullayeva
 * 39
 * 2023
 * Mexico City
 * Candela Francisco
 * 40
 * 2024
 * Gandhinagar
 * Divya Deshmukh
 * }
 * Polina Shuvalova
 * 38
 * 2022
 * Cala Gonone
 * Govhar Beydullayeva
 * 39
 * 2023
 * Mexico City
 * Candela Francisco
 * 40
 * 2024
 * Gandhinagar
 * Divya Deshmukh
 * }
 * 40
 * 2024
 * Gandhinagar
 * Divya Deshmukh
 * }
 * }
 * }

Medal table
As of 2024 (61 men and 40 women)

Details by year

 * The main source of reference is indicated beneath each year's entry.

1951 – Coventry and Birmingham, England – (July) – Eighteen players played an 11-round Swiss-system tournament. Borislav Ivkov dominated the tournament with an undefeated 9.5-1.5, 1.5 points ahead of the second-place finisher. Also-rans included future leading grandmasters Bent Larsen (6.5–4.5) and Friðrik Ólafsson (5.5–5.5).

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Borislav Ivkov (YUG) 2. Malcolm Barker (ENG) 3. R. Cruz (ARG)

 * --- Kažić, B.M., International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events, Pitman Publishing, 1974, pp. 269–70. ISBN 0-273-07078-9.

1953 – Copenhagen, Denmark – (July) – Twenty players began play in each of two sections, with the top four from each section advancing to the championship final. Oscar Panno and Klaus Darga tied for first in the final with undefeated 5.5-1.5 scores, with Panno taking the title on Sonneborn–Berger points. Former champion Ivkov and Olafsson tied for third and fourth place with even scores, with Ivkov finishing third on tiebreak. Larsen tied for fifth-eighth place with the remaining players at 2.5–4.5, finishing last of the eight finalists on tiebreak.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Oscar Panno (ARG) 2. Klaus Darga (FRG) 3. Borislav Ivkov (YUG

--- Kažić, B.M., International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events, Pitman Publishing, 1974, pp. 270–71. ISBN 0-273-07078-9.

1955 – Antwerp, Belgium – (July) – There were 24 players in total, comprising an original entry of 23, plus an additional player from the home country to make a more manageable number. The competitors were split into three groups of eight; the representatives of USSR, Argentina and Yugoslavia (the top three teams at the 1954 Olympiad) were seeded into separate groups, and the remainder allocated their group randomly. The top three finishers of each group plus the highest scoring fourth place then went forward to a final ten player all-play-all contest. Surprise casualties at the group stage were John Purdy (Australia) and Ciric (YUG). In the final, future world champion Boris Spassky gave up just two draws to score 8–1, the also-undefeated Edmar Mednis scored 7–2, and Miguel Farre of Spain scored 6.5–2.5. Future grandmasters Lajos Portisch (HUN) (5.5–3.5) and Georgi Tringov (BUL) (5–4) finished fourth and fifth.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Boris Spassky (USSR) 2. Edmar Mednis (USA) 3. Miguel Farré (ESP)

 * --- British Chess Magazine No. 9, Vol. 75 pp. 262–65; Kažić, B.M., International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events, Pitman Publishing, 1974, p. 272. ISBN 0-273-07078-9.

1957 – Toronto, Canada – (August) – Only twelve players from eleven countries competed in a round-robin tournament. William Lombardy won all eleven games, becoming the only player ever to achieve a perfect score in this tournament.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. William Lombardy (USA), 11/11 2. Mathias Gerusel (FRG), 9 3. Alexander Jongsma (NED), 8.5

 * --- Kažić, B.M., International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events, Pitman Publishing, 1974, pp. 273–74. ISBN 0-273-07078-9.

1959 – Münchenstein, Switzerland – (July–August) – Twenty-six players from all the populated continents competed. Bobby Fischer and Vlastimil Hort, the talented fifteen-year-old who had finished second in the Czechoslovakian championship, were not present. The players were divided into three preliminary groups, with the top four finishers from each group competing in the "Final A", a round-robin. Bielecki won with 8.5/12, two points ahead of the second-fourth-place finishers.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Carlos Bielecki (ARG) 2-4. Bruno Parma (YUG), David Rumens (ENG), Josif Stefanov (BUL)

 * --- Kažić, B.M., International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events, Pitman Publishing, 1974, p. 274. ISBN 0-273-07078-9.

1961 – The Hague, Netherlands – (August–September) – Twenty-nine players competed. Raymond Weinstein of the United States had also registered, but was ruled too old to compete. The top three finishers from each of four preliminary groups qualified for Final A. Hort competed this time, scoring 4/6 to tie with three others for first place in Preliminary Group B. Unfortunately, he finished fourth on Sonneborn–Berger tiebreak, so did not qualify for Final A. Final A saw a battle between two future grandmasters, with Bruno Parma of Yugoslavia, who had tied for second the year before, beating Florin Gheorghiu in their individual game and edging out the latter by a half-point (9/11 to Gheorghiu's 8.5). The third-place finisher, Kuindzhi of the Soviet Union, scored 8 points. He beat both Parma and Gheorghiu, but lost to the last place finisher, Thomson of Scotland, who scored only two draws against the rest of the field.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Bruno Parma (YUG) 2. Florin Gheorghiu (ROM) 3. Alexander Kuindzhi (USSR)

 * --- Kažić, B.M., International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events, Pitman Publishing, 1974, pp. 275–76. ISBN 0-273-07078-9.

1963 – Vrnjacka Banja, Yugoslavia – (August–September) – Thirty juniors competed in each of five preliminary groups, with the top two from each group advancing to the A Final. Once again a player who had finished second two years before became the champion, although not without difficulty. Gheorghiu of Romania and Janata tied for first with 7.5/9 scores, with Gheorghiu winning their individual game. They finished three points ahead of the third-place finisher, future grandmaster Bojan Kurajica of Yugoslavia. The match called for the tie to be broken by a four-game match, but this finished with four draws. Because Gheorghiu had the superior Sonneborn–Berger score, he was declared the champion.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Florin Gheorghiu (ROM) 2. Michal Janata (CZE) 3. Bojan Kurajica (YUG)

 * --- Kažić, B.M., International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events, Pitman Publishing, 1974, p. 277. ISBN 0-273-07078-9.

1965 – Barcelona, Spain – (August–September) – Twenty-eight juniors competed in five preliminary groups, with the top two from each group advancing to the A Final. In Preliminary Group A, future grandmasters Vladimir Tukmakov and Raymond Keene tied for second with 2.5/4. Their Sonneborn–Berger scores were identical, and they had drawn their individual game, so they drew lots to break the tie. Tukmakov drew the right number to advance to the Final A. There, experience again proved helpful, with Kurajica, who had been third in Vrnjacka Banja, scoring 6.5/9 to nose out Hartoch and Tukmakov by a half-point. Future World Championship candidate Robert Hübner of West Germany finished with an even score.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Bojan Kurajica (YUG) 2. Robert Hartoch (NED) 3. Vladimir Tukmakov (USSR)

 * --- Kažić, B.M., International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events, Pitman Publishing, 1974, pp. 278–89. ISBN 0-273-07078-9.

1967 – Jerusalem, Israel – (August) – The June Six-Day War made it questionable whether the tournament could be held in Israel at all, and some federations asked for it to be postponed. Although the event went ahead as scheduled, a number of countries chose not to send representatives. Only nineteen players participated, with the top three finishers from each of the three preliminary groups advancing to Final A. Julio Kaplan of Puerto Rico scored 6.5/8, a point ahead of second-place finisher Raymond Keene (who, by virtue of the drawing of lots, had missed out on Final A the previous time). Future World Championship candidate Jan Timman finished third with 5/8. Hübner scored 4.5/8 to finish fourth.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Julio Kaplan (PUR) 2. Raymond Keene (ENG) 3. Jan Timman (NED)

 * --- Kažić, B.M., International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events, Pitman Publishing, 1974, p. 280. ISBN 0-273-07078-9.

1969 – Stockholm, Sweden – (August) – Thirty-eight players played in six preliminary sections, with the top two in each advancing to Final A. Among those who did not qualify for Final A was future World Championship candidate Eugenio Torre of the Philippines, who won Final B with 9/11. Final A was dominated by the rising young Soviet junior Anatoly Karpov (who would become World Champion just six years later), who gave up only two draws (10/11). András Adorján (Hungary) and Urzica (Romania) finished three points behind. The strength of the field is shown by the fact that former Champion Kaplan could only finish fourth with 6.5/11.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Anatoly Karpov (USSR) 2. András Adorján (HUN) 3. Aurel Urzica (ROM)

 * --- Kažić, B.M., International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events, Pitman Publishing, 1974, pp. 281–83. ISBN 0-273-07078-9.

1971 – Athens, Greece – (July–August) – A record forty-four players from forty-three countries participated in six preliminary groups. Werner Hug of Switzerland was the surprise winner, scoring 8.5/11. Two years before, he had only finished fifth in Final C. More highly touted players finished lower: Hungarian Chess Olympiad team member and future World Championship candidate Zoltán Ribli (8/11, second); the strong American player Kenneth Rogoff (7.5/11, third); and Torre and the Soviet Grandmaster Rafael Vaganian, who were among three players scoring 7/11.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Werner Hug (SWZ) 2. Zoltán Ribli (HUN) 3. Kenneth Rogoff (USA)

 * --- Kažić, B.M., International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events, Pitman Publishing, 1974, p. 283. ISBN 0-273-07078-9.

1973 – Teesside, England – (July–August) – A record fifty players from forty-eight countries competed in two preliminary Swiss-system tournaments; the top six from each qualified for Final A. The favorite, Alexander Beliavsky of the Soviet Union, won Final A with 8.5/11 despite losing to both of the English players. Tony Miles of England finished a half-point behind. There was a three-way tie for third at 7.5/11 among Michael Stean (England), Larry Christiansen (United States), and Slavoljub Marjanović of Yugoslavia, with Stean taking third on tiebreak.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Alexander Beliavsky (USSR) 2. Tony Miles (ENG) 3. Michael Stean (ENG)

 * --- Kažić, B.M., International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events, Pitman Publishing, 1974, pp. 285–86. ISBN 0-273-07078-9.

1974 – Manila, Philippines – (August) – This was the first championship since the switch to an annual format. Tony Miles, who had finished second the year before, won, scoring 7/9 in the A Final. Dieks, Marjanović, and Schneider tied for second-fourth at 5.5/9.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Tony Miles (ENG) 2–4. Roy Dieks (NED), S. Marjanović (YUG), Schneider (SWE)

 * --- Chess Informant, Volume 18, Sahovski Informator, 1975, p. 258.

1975 – Tjentiste, Yugoslavia – (July) – Set in the mountains about 100 miles north of Dubrovnik, the small town was the scene of World War II's Battle of the Sutjeska. Dr. Max Euwe laid a wreath on the war memorial at the opening ceremony. The tournament was organised at the last minute by the Yugoslav Chess Federation after the Puerto Ricans withdrew their early offer, due to mounting financial pressure. Winner Valery Chekhov played skilfully throughout, scoring an undefeated 10-3 for a deserved victory; he had recently finished second in the Moscow senior championship. Larry Christiansen finished a half-point behind. He had a winning adjournment against the Soviet, but was less well prepared for the resumption and allowed it to fizzle out to a draw. The Englishman Jonathan Mestel managed a top three finish despite being one of the younger competitors. Ventzislav Inkiov of Bulgaria, like Mestel, scored 9–4, but due to an inferior Bucholz tie-splitting score, had to settle for fourth place. Forty-eight players took part including future grandmasters Jaime Sunye Neto and Murray Chandler. It was the first World Junior to feature a 13-round Swiss format.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Valery Chekhov (USSR) 2. Larry Christiansen (USA) 3. Jonathan Mestel (ENG)

 * --- CHESS magazine Vol. 41 October p. 6; Chess Informant, Vol. 20, p. 262.

1976 – Groningen, Netherlands – (December 21, 1976 – January 5, 1977) – Mark Diesen exceeded expectations, scoring 10–3 to win the event. Some credited Diesen's success to the considerable coaching and adjournment skills of his second, GM Lubomir Kavalek, who later helped Nigel Short beat Anatoly Karpov and reach a World Championship match against Garry Kasparov. This year the tournament was combined with the European Junior Chess Championship. Ľubomír Ftáčnik, who finished half a point behind Diesen, was the top-placed European and thereby became the European Junior Champion. Nir Grinberg of Israel finished third with a 9–4 score. Tied for 4th-8th places were Daniel Cámpora from Argentina, Leslie Leow from Singapore, Marcel Sisniega from Mexico and Evgeny Vladimirov from the USSR. Also in the chasing pack were Ian Rogers (AUS), Krum Georgiev (BUL), Attila Grószpéter (HUN), Jonathan Mestel (ENG), Petar Popović (YUG), Reynaldo Vera (CUB), Murray Chandler (NZL) and Margeir Petursson (ISL).

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Mark Diesen (USA) 2. Ľubomír Ftáčnik (CZE) 3. Nir Grinberg (ISR)

 * --- British Chess Magazine No. 5, Vol. 97 p. 222; Chess Informant, Vol. 23, p. 258

1977 – Innsbruck, Austria – (September 4–19) – Artur Yusupov, a 17-year-old economics student at Moscow University, won the event with 10.5 points out of 13. Second-placed Zapata, a point behind, was also studying economics, at the University of Bogotá. Yusupov's second was the Russian IM Mark Dvoretsky and their alliance heralded the start of a long-running and mutually beneficial relationship. Marcel Sisniega of Mexico hired experienced Soviet GM Vasiukov to be his second and it may have boosted his performance, but not enough to make a difference to the medals. Petar Popović scored 8.5 points for the bronze medal. Also challenging for honours were Skembris of Greece, Fries-Nielsen of Denmark and Vera of Cuba, who lost out to Popović on tie-break.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Artur Yusupov (USSR) 2. Alonso Zapata (COL) 3. Petar Popović (YUG)

 * --- British Chess Magazine No. 11, Vol. 97 pp. 481–90; Chess Informant, Vol. 24, p. 264

1978 – Graz, Austria – (September 2–18) – Yusupov narrowly failed to win the tournament for a second year in succession, but could be pleased that his friend Sergei Dolmatov captured the title. Both are students of Mark Dvoretsky.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Sergey Dolmatov (USSR), 10.5/13 2. Artur Yusupov (USSR), 10 3. Jens Ove Fries-Nielsen (DEN), 9

 * --- British Chess Magazine No. 3, Vol. 99 p. 121; Chess Informant, Vol. 26, p. 266

1979 – Skien, Norway – (July 27 – August 10) – The first three finishers were expected to do well, but disappointing was the form of the highly rated Artur Yusupov, who only scored 7.5-5.5, tying for 12th-17th out of 56 players. Among the chasing pack were James Plaskett, Margeir Petursson, Ivan Morovic and Attila Grószpéter.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Yasser Seirawan (USA), 10/13 2. Alexander Chernin (USSR), 9.5 3. Predrag Nikolić (YUG), 8.5

 * --- British Chess Magazine No. 11, Vol. 99 p. 551; Chess Informant, Vol. 28, p. 291

1980 – Dortmund, Germany – 1. Garry Kasparov (URS), 10.5/13 2. Nigel Short (ENG), 9 3–5. Iván Morovic (CHI), A. Negulescu (ROM), K. Bischoff (FRG) 8.5

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 30, p. 295

1981 – Mexico City, Mexico – 1. Ognijen Cvitan (YUG), 10.5/13 2. Jaan Ehlvest (URS), 10 3. Nigel Short (ENG), 9

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 32, p. 311

1982 – Copenhagen, Denmark – 1. Andrei Sokolov (URS), 10/13 2. Igor Stohl (CSR), 9 3–7. Joel Benjamin (USA), Iván Morovic (CHI), Curt Hansen (DEN), Nigel Short (ENG), Milos (BRS), 8.5

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 34, p. 346

1982 – Senta, Yugoslavia – The inaugural Girls' World Championship attracted 21 participants from 17 different countries. Agnieszka Brustman took the title with 8.5/11, a half a point ahead of Tatiana Rubzova. Maia Chiburdanidze attended the tournament as a spectator.

 * Girls U-20 – 1. Agnieszka Brustman (POL) 2. Tatiana Rubzova (URS) 3–4. Marta Kovacs (HUN), Biljana Verus (YUG)

 * --- British Chess Magazine No. 8, Vol. 102 p. 352

1983 – Belfort, France – 1. Kiril Georgiev (BUL), 11.5/13 2. Valery Salov (URS), 10.5 3. Ahmed Saeed (UAE), 9

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 36, p. 344

1984 – Kiljava – 1. Curt Hansen (DEN), 10.5/13 2. Alexey Dreev (URS), 10 3–4. Kiril Georgiev (BUL), Thorsteins (ISL) 9

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 38, p. 381

1985 – Sharjah, United Arab Emirates – 1. Maxim Dlugy (USA), 10/13 2. Pavel Blatny (CZE), 9 3. Josef Klinger (AUT), 9

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 40, p. 387

1986 – Gausdal, Norway – 1–2. Walter Arencibia (CUB), Simen Agdestein (NOR), 9.5/13 3–5. Ferdinand Hellers (SWE), Evgeny Bareev (URS), Josef Klinger (AUT), 9

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 42, p. 400

1987 – Baguio, Philippines – 1. Viswanathan Anand (IND), 10/13 2. Vasyl Ivanchuk (URS), 9.5 3–4. Grigory Serper (URS), Patrick Wolff (USA), 9

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 44, p. 385

1988 – Adelaide, Australia – 1–4. Joël Lautier (FRA), Vasyl Ivanchuk (URS), Grigory Serper (URS), Boris Gelfand (URS), 9/13

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 46, p. 448

1989 – Tunja, Colombia – (August 15–31) – Due to the drug wars then raging in Colombia, some countries, including the British Chess Federation, boycotted the event. Vasil Spasov of Bulgaria was the surprise winner of the boys/open event, benefiting from a slip by his closest rival, Jacek Gdański of Poland. Gdanski managed to lose his last 2 games to throw away a 1½ point lead. Consequently, his earlier loss to Spasov was decisive in the tie-break. Sharing 3rd-5th with Swede Richard Wessman were the Soviets, Alexey Dreev and Mikhail Ulibin. Slightly off the pace were Alexei Shirov (1 point behind) and Zsuzsa Polgar (2 points behind).

 * Boys/Open U-20 – 1. Vasil Spasov (BUL), 9.5/13 2. Jacek Gdański (POL), 9.5 3. Richard Wessman (SWE), 9.

 * Girls U-20 – 1. Ketino Kachiani (USSR) 2. Ildikó Mádl (HUN) 3. Alisa Galliamova (USSR).

 * --- CHESS magazine Vol 54. November p. 5; Chess Informant, Vol. 48, p. 456

1990 – Santiago, Chile – 1. Ilya Gurevich (USA), 10.5/13 2. Alexei Shirov (URS), 10.5 3. Vladimir Akopian (URS), 9.5

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 50, p. 371

1991 – Mamaia, Romania – (August) – The tournament had to be put together in hasty fashion when the planned hosts (the Chilean Chess Federation) dropped out at the last minute. Despite this setback, the proceedings went without any serious hitch and the players appreciated the excellent conditions and sound organising skills of the Romanian officials. Hot favourites for a clean sweep in the Boys/Open U-20 event were the Soviets Vladimir Akopian, Sergei Tiviakov and Mikhail Ulibin. It turned out that all three were in good form and the medals were divided between them, following a tie-break to separate the top two. The Girls U-20 event was a two-horse race between Bojkovic of Yugoslavia and Botsari of Greece, the Yugoslav girl winning out by a half point:

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Vladimir Akopian (USSR), 10.5/13 2. Mikhail Ulibin (USSR), 10.5 3. Sergei Tiviakov (USSR), 8.5.

 * Girls U-20 – 1. Nataša Bojković (YUG), 10/13 2. Anna-Maria Botsari (GRE), 9.5 3. Maja Koen (BUL), 9.

 * --- CHESS magazine Vol 56. December pp. 16-18; Chess Informant, Vol. 52, p. 364

1992 – Buenos Aires, Argentina (October) – 1. Pablo Zarnicki (ARG), 10/13 2. Vadim Milov (ISR), 10 3–8. Michelakis (SAF), O. Danielian (ARM), Dimitri Reinderman (NED), Miroslav Marković (FIDE), Egger (CHI), Rasik (CFSR), 8.5

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 56, p. 371

1993 – Kozhikode, India – (November – December) – Top seed in the Boys / Open event, Matthew Sadler of England, led with the Czech Republic's Vlastimil Babula for much of the tournament. With both players facing top quality opposition each round, the pressure finally became too great and both failed at the final hurdle in their quest for the gold medal. Sadler also suffered from serious and frequent time trouble. This strong event contained many players who went on to become top-flight grandmasters; Alexander Onischuk, Christian Gabriel, Vladislav Tkachiev and Peter-Heine Nielsen were just four of the strong finishers not amongst the medals. Swede Jonas Barkhagen also played some enterprising chess, but was just unable to keep up with the leading group. In the Girls event, Armenian Elina Danielian, Krystina Dabrowska of Poland and Adrienn Csőke of Hungary were among those challenging for the medals. FIDE President Florencio Campomanes attended the closing ceremony and announced a new directive that assured future winners of the Boys / Open event an automatic Grandmaster title.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Igor Miladinović (YUG), 9.5/13 2. Vlastimil Babula (CZE), 9 3. Sergei Rublevsky (RUS), 9.

 * Girls U-20 – 1. Nino Khurtsidze (GEO) 2. Ilaha Kadimova (AZE) 3. Mekhri Ovezova (TKM).

 * --- CHESS magazine Vol 58. March pp. 20-22; Chess Informant, Vol. 59, p. 395

1994 – Matinhos, Brazil (November) – 1. Helgi Grétarsson (ISL), 9.5/13 2. Sofia Polgar (HUN), 9 3–7. Giovanni Vescovi (BRA), Mariano (PHI), Kumaran (ENG), Hugo Spangenberg (ARG), ''Ch. Gabriel'' (GER), 8.5

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 61, p. 417

1995 – Halle, Germany (November–December) – There were 80 entrants in the Boys / Open section, representing nearly 70 different countries. The Girls' event had 66. Giovanni Vescovi of Brazil was another star performer in the Boys' section, narrowly missing out on a medal. The Girls' category was even more closely contested with second, third and fourth places being decided on tie-break; Natalia Zhukova was the unlucky runner-up.

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Roman Slobodjan (GER), 10/13 2. Alexander Onischuk (UKR), 10 3. Hugo Spangenberg (ARG), 9.5.

 * Girls U-20 – 1. Nino Khurtsidze (GEO) 2. Eva Repkova (SVK) 3. Corina Peptan (ROM).

 * --- CHESS magazine Vol 60. March pp. 46-48; Chess Informant, Vol. 64, p. 360

1996 – Medellín, Colombia (November) – 1. Emil Sutovsky (ISR), 10/13 2–3. Zhang Zhong (CHN), Zoltan Gyimesi (HUN), 9

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 68, p. 363

1997 – Zagan, Poland (July 13–27) – Most of the top players were able to make it, with the exception of Antoaneta Stefanova in the Girls' event; she had reportedly fallen out with the Bulgarian Chess Federation. Tal Shaked, the winner of the Open/Boys' section, secured the title on tie-break; top seed was Alexander Morozevich. Other promising young players in attendance included Vladimir Baklan, Hristos Banikas and Sergei Movsesian. In the Girls' event, Corina Peptan started as the top seed but was not in her best form. Results were as follows:

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Tal Shaked (USA), 9.5/13 2. Vigen Mirumian (ARM), 9.5 3. Hristos Banikas (GRE), 9.

 * Girls U-20 – 1. Harriet Hunt (ENG) 2. Joanna Dworakowska (POL) 3. Tatiana Vasilevich (UKR).

 * --- CHESS magazine Vol 62. October pp. 28-31, 34-35; Chess Informant, Vol. 70, p. 377

1998 – Calcutta, India (November–December) – 1. Darmen Sadvakasov (KAZ), 10.5/13 2. Zhang Zhong (CHN), 9.5 3–4.Hristos Banikas (GRE), Đào Thiên Hải (VIE), 9

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 74, p. 382

1999 – Yerevan, Armenia (November) – 1. Aleksandr Galkin (RUS), 10.5/13 2. Rustam Kasimdzhanov (UZB), 10 3–4.Karen Asrian (ARM), Lev Aronian (ARM), 9

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 76, p. 353

2000 – Yerevan, Armenia (November) – 1. Lázaro Bruzón (CUB), 10/13 2–8. Kamil Mitoń (POL), Karen Asrian (ARM), Gershon (ISR), D. Solak (YUG), Simutowe (ZAM), Bunzmann (GER), Vladimir Malakhov (RUS), 8.5

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 80, p. 395

2001 – Athens, Greece (August) – 1. Péter Ács (HUN), 10/13 2. Merab Gagunashvili (GEO), Lev Aronian (ARM), 9.5

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 82, p. 355

2002 – Goa, India – 1. Lev Aronian (ARM), 10/13 2. Luke McShane (ENG) 9.5 3. Surya Sekhar Ganguly (IND) 9.0.

2003 – Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan (November) – 1. Shakhriyar Mamedyarov (AZE), 10/13 2. S. Azarov (BLR), 9.5 3–7. A. Zubov (UKR), K. Guseinov (AZE), Vugar Gashimov (AZE), V. Bachin (RUS), Erenburg (ISR), 8.5

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 88, pp. 350-51

2004 – Kochi, India (November–December) – 1. Pendyala Harikrishna (IND), 10/13 2–3. Tigran L. Petrosian (ARM), Zhao Jun (CHN), 9.5

 * --- Chess Informant, Vol. 92, p. 375

2005 – Istanbul, Turkey (November)

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Shakhriyar Mamedyarov (AZE), 10.5/13 2. Ferenc Berkes (HUN), 9.5 3. Evgeny Alekseev (RUS), 9

 * Girls U-20 – 1. Elisabeth Pähtz (GER), 10 2. Gu Xiaobing (CHN), 9.5 3. Beata Kądziołka (POL) 9.

2006 – Yerevan, Armenia (October 2–17)

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Zaven Andriasian (ARM), 9.5/13 2. Nikita Vitiugov (RUS), 9 3. Yuriy Kryvoruchko (UKR), 9

 * Girls U-20 – 1. Shen Yang (CHN), 9/13 2. Hou Yifan (CHN), 9 3. Salome Melia (GEO), 9.

2007 – Yerevan, Armenia (October)

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Ahmed Adly (EGY), 10/13 2. Ivan Popov (RUS), 9.5 3. Wang Hao (CHN), 9

 * Girls U-20 – 1. Vera Nebolsina (RUS), 10/13 2. Jolanta Zawadzka (POL), 9.5 3. Salome Melia (GEO), 9.5.

2008 – Gaziantep, Turkey (August 2–16)

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Abhijeet Gupta (IND), 10/13 2. Parimarjan Negi (IND), 9.5 3-7. Arik Braun (GER), David Howell (ENG), Eltaj Safarli (AZE), Hou Yifan (CHN), Bassem Amin (EGY), 9

 * Girls U-20 – 1. Harika Dronavalli (IND), 10.5/13 2-5. Mariya Muzychuk (UKR), Kübra Öztürk (TUR), Mary Ann Gomes (IND), Nazí Paikidze (GEO), 9.

2009 – Puerto Madryn, Argentina – 1. Maxime Vachier-Lagrave (FRA), 10.5/13 2. Sergei Zhigalko (BEL), 10.5 3. Michał Olszewski (POL) 9.

2010 – Chotowa, Poland (August 2–17)

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Dmitry Andreikin (RUS), 10.5 2. Sanan Sjugirov (RUS), 10 3. Dariusz Świercz (POL), 9

 * Girls U-20 – 1. Anna Muzychuk (SLO), 11/13 2. Olga Girya (RUS), 10.5 3. Padmini Rout (IND), 10.

2011 – Chennai, India (August 1–16)

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Dariusz Świercz (POL), 10.5/13 2. Robert Hovhannisyan (ARM), 10.5 3. Sahaj Grover (IND), 9.5

 * Girls U-20 – 1. Deysi Cori (PER), 11/13 2. Olga Girya (RUS), 10.5 3. Nazí Paikidze (GEO), 9.5.

2012 – Athens, Greece – 1. Alexander Ipatov (TUR), 10/13 2. Richárd Rapport (HUN), 10 3. Ding Liren (CHN) 9.

2013 – Kocaeli, Turkey (September 12–27)

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Yu Yangyi (CHN), 11/13 2. Alexander Ipatov (TUR), 10.5 3. Vidit Santosh Gujrathi (IND) 9.5.

 * Girls U-20 – 1. Alexandra Goryachkina (RUS), 10.5/13 2. Zhansaya Abdumalik (KAZ), 9.5 3. Alina Kashlinskaya (RUS), 9.0.

2014 – Pune, India (October 5–20) 19-year-old Lu Shanglei of China won with 10–3, edging out his countryman, 15-year-old prodigy Wei Yi; the top-rated player Vladimir Fedoseev (2661) of Russia; and Jan-Krzysztof Duda of Poland by half a point. The top finishers (on tiebreak) were:

 * Boys U-20 – 1. Lu Shanglei (CHN), 10/13 2. Wei Yi (CHN), 9.5 3. Vladimir Fedoseev (RUS), 9.5.

 * --- New In Chess, 2014, No. 8, pp. 66, 72

title: World Junior Chess Championship


text:
User talk:Audin/experiment

Funded by the NIH *  Developed at the University of Washington, Seattle

3-M Syndrome
[3M Dwarfism] - Authors: Muriel Holder-Espinasse, MD                      Robin M Winter, FRCP, F Med Sci

About the Authors

Initial Posting:   25 March 2002  Last Revision:   8 May 2002  - =Summary=

Disease characteristics. 3-M syndrome is characterized by pre- and postnatal growth retardation, distinctive dsflkgjd facial features (relatively large head, frontal bossing, triangular face, pointed djhgls and prominent chin, fleshy and upturned nose, full lips, full eyebrows, and a hypoplastic midface), and radiological abnormalities. Intelligence is normal.

Diagnosis/testing. The diagnosis of 3-M syndrome is suggested in children with a low birth weight, severe growth retardation, a final height between 5 and 6 SD below the mean, and characteristic facies. Characteristic radiological findings are slender long bones, thin ribs, foreshortened vertebral bodies appearing tall, spina bifida occulta, small pelvis, small iliac wings, and retarded bone age. There are no diagnostic laboratory findings, and the molecular basis of the syndrome is still unknown.

Genetic counseling. 3-M syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Sibs of a proband with 3-M syndrome have a 25% chance of being affected, a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier, and a 25% chance of being unaffected and not a carrier. There is no molecular genetic testing. Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound examination has been performed, showing shortening of long bones and thoracic hypoplasia.

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=Diagnosis=

Clinical Diagnosis
The diagnosis of 3-M syndrome is suggested in children with :

 * Severe pre- and post-natal growth retardation
 * Typical facial features including triangular or "hatchet-shaped" face, relatively large head, hypoplastic midface, full eyebrows, fleshy nose tip, long philtrum, prominent mouth and lips and pointed chin [Cantu et al 1981, Winter et al 1984]. Facial phenotypes vary among patients [van der Wal et 2001].
 * Additional features such as a short broad neck, prominent trapezii, deformed sternum, short thorax, square shoulders, winged scapulae, hyperlordosis, and short fifth fingers [Winter et al 1984, van der Wal et al 2001]
 * Prominent heels and loose joints
 * Normal intelligence
 * A family history consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. A positive family history is helpful but not necessary.

Testing
Radiographic findings. The diagnosis can be established by the observation of the following non-specific radiographic findings, which may not be present in the first two years of life.

 * Slender long bones with diaphyseal constriction and flared metaphyses seem to be the main radiological features of 3-M syndrome. Increased radiolucency is unusual [Miller et al 1975, Winter et al 1984, Hennekam et al 1987, van Goethem & Malvaux 1987, van der Wal et al 2001]. The metacarpal index, used to document slender long bones, is usually high.
 * Vertebral bodies are tall and have a reduced anterior-posterior and transverse diameter, especially in the lumbar region. Foreshortening of the vertebral bodies becomes more apparent with increasing age. Calculation of the vertebral index at different ages reveal that the vertebral index of L1 is a useful tool to document 3-M syndrome, alkthough tall vertebrae are a non-specific finding that may be secondary to scoliosis or hypotonia. Anterior wedging of thoracic vertebral bodies, irregular upper and lower endplates, thoracic kyphoscoliosis, and spina bifida occulta are also features of 3-M syndrome.
 * The pelvic bones, especially the pubis and the ischium, are small [Miller et al 1975]. The iliac wings are flared and the obturator foramina are small, although the latter may be positional. The femoral necks can be short.
 * Thorax is broad with slender and horizontal ribs.
 * Bone age is slightly delayed.
 * Dolicocephaly, flattened coronal suture, narrowed intraorbital distance, elbow dysplasia, shortened ulna, pseudo-epiphyses of the second metacarpal bone, clinodactyly of the little fingers, dislocated hips, and prominent talus have also been reported in 3-M syndrome.

Molecular Genetic Testing
''GeneReviews designates a molecular genetic test as clinically available only if the test is listed in the GeneTests Laboratory Directory by at least one US CLIA-certified laboratory or a clinical laboratory outside the US. -ED.''

The molecular basis of 3-M syndrome is still unknown. Therefore, no molecular genetic testing is available.

=Clinical Description=
 * The most striking feature of 3-M syndrome is the severe growth retardation, starting in utero [Cantu et al 1981, Feldmann et al 1989]. Birth length is between 40 and 42 cm, whereas the head size is normal for gestational age, giving a disproportionate appearance [Feldmann et al 1989]. Catch-up growth does not occur; final height is between 5 and 6 SD below the mean (i.e., 120-130 cm) [Feldmann et al 1989, van der Wal et al 2001].
 * Whereas female gonadal function appears normal, males with 3-M syndrome may have gonadal dysfunction and subfertility or infertility as documented by high FSH levels, low testicular volume, and abnormal semen analysis [van der Wal et al 2001]. Hypospadias has been seen in a few patients [Winter et al 1984].
 * Two reports suggested that the association of joint hypermobility and intracerebral vascular aneurysms in 3-M syndrome could be linked to a generalized disorder of connective tissue [Mueller et al 1992, Hennekam et al 1994].

Prevalence
Three-M syndrome is a rare condition. The prevalence is not known, but less than 40 patients have been reported in the literature since the first case in 1975 [Miller et al 1975].

=Differential Diagnosis=

Intrauterine growth retardation is a non-specific finding that occurs in approximately 0.17% of all live-born children [Spranger et al 1976]. Three-M syndrome must be distinguished from other forms of intrauterine growth retardation-malformation syndromes, including:

 * Russell-Silver syndrome.  Differentiation from Russell-Silver syndrome is difficult because of the clinical heterogeneity of this syndrome [Feldmann et al 1989]. The small triangular face is similar. Final height is smaller in 3-M syndrome. Head circumference is below the 3rd centile in Russell-Silver syndrome, but normal in 3-M syndrome. Characteristic radiological findings of 3-M syndrome are not found in Russell-Silver syndrome. Russell-Silver syndrome usually occurs sporadically [Spranger et al 1976].
 * Bloom syndrome. Patients with this condition have microcephaly, a telangiectatic erythema after exposure to sunlight, multiple chromosome breaks, and a very different facial appearance [Spranger et al 1976].
 * Dubowitz syndrome.  Microcephaly, eczema, a characteristic facial appearance and mental retardation are the main differences with 3-M syndrome.
 * Mulibrey nanism.  At birth, patients with mulibrey nanism are usually not as small as patients with 3-M syndrome. The facial features are different with a high forehead and a pseudo-hydrocephalic skull configuration. A high-pitched voice, abnormal retinal pigmentation, cardiomyopathy, limited physical capacity, elongated sella turcica, and cystic bone changes of the tibiae are the main features of this condition [Spranger et al 1976] The gene for this disorder has been identified (chromosomal locus 17q22-q23), and molecular genetic testing can be used in differentiating mulibrey nanism from 3-M syndrome [Avela et al 2000].
 * Fetal alcohol syndrome.  Microcephaly, hirsutism, nail hypoplasia, facial appearance and mental retardation are the main differences with 3-M syndrome.
 * Gloomy face dwarfism.  The significant features of this syndrome include facial dysmorphism with gloomy face and very short stature, but no radiologic abnormality or hormone deficiency. Mental development is normal. The mode of inheritance seems to be autosomal recessive [Le Merrer et al 1991]. This condition may in fact represent 3-M syndrome in the first year or so of life.

=Management=

 * The predominant management issues are ultimate adult stature and growth. Careful monitoring of growth with special attention to growth velocity is essential. Most children with 3-M syndrome are evaluated for growth hormone deficiency. Only one individual has been reported with an incomplete response to growth hormone (GH) stimulation; this suggests partial deficiency of GH [Miller et al 1975] in 3-M syndrome. Because of their short stature, several patients have been treated with exogenous GH without positive result [Miller et al 1975]. However, a recent report suggested that high dose GH treatment may be effective in 3-M syndrome [van der Wal et al 2001].
 * Treatment with growth hormone is necessary in the presence of documented growth hormone deficiency, but treatment of children with normal serum concentration of growth hormone is experimental. This treatment needs to be carried out in a center with experience in managing growth disorders. Surgical bone lengthening may sometimes be offered as an option.
 * Significant joint laxity should prompt an orthopedic evaluation.
 * Males with 3-M syndrome should be referred for endocrinological evaluation regarding gonadal function at puberty.

=Genetic Counseling=

Genetic counseling is the process of providing individuals and families with information on the nature, inheritance, and implications of genetic disorders to help them make informed medical and personal decisions. The following section deals with genetic risk assessment and the use of family history and genetic testing to clarify genetic status for family members. This section is not meant to address all personal or cultural issues that individuals may face or to substitute for consultation with a genetics professional. -ED.

Mode of Inheritance
3-M syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.

Risk to Family Members
Parents of a proband. The unaffected parents are obligate carriers (heterozygotes) and are usually asymptomatic, although some reports suggested that characteristic facies, a prominent talus, and slender long bones could be observed in carriers [Garcia-Cruz & Cantu 1979, Hennekam et al 1987].

Sibs of a proband. At conception, sibs have a 25% chance of being affected, a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier, and a 25% chance of being unaffected and not a carrier. The unaffected sibs of a proband have a 2/3 chance of being a carrier.

Offspring of a proband. The offspring of an individual with 3-M syndrome are obligate heterozygotes (carriers). Females with 3-M syndrome are fertile. One patient who gave birth to a son with no clinical or radiological manifestations of 3-M syndrome has been reported [Hennekam 1989].

Males with 3-M syndrome may be infertile.

The risk that the child of an individual with 3-M syndrome would be affected depends upon her/his partner's carrier status. As this condition is very rare, this risk is probably very low, unless an affected individual marries a relative.

Other family members. Sibs of the proband's parents are at 50% risk of also being carriers.

Related Genetic Counseling Issues
Carrier testing. It is not possible to detect carrier status on a molecular basis, as the gene responsible for 3-M syndrome is unknown.

Family planning. The optimal time for determination of genetic risk is before pregnancy.

DNA banking. DNA banking is the storage of DNA (typically extracted from white blood cells) for possible future use. Because it is likely that testing methodologies and our understanding of genes, mutations, and diseases will improve in the future, consideration should be given to banking DNA particularly when molecular genetic testing is available on a research basis only. See DNA Banking for a list of laboratories offering this service.

Prenatal Testing
Prenatal testing using molecular genetic techniques is not offered because it is not clinically available. In the one report about prenatal ultrasonographic findings of 3-M syndrome, femur and tibia lengths were reported to be on the fifth centile and the radius, ulna, and humerus lengths were below the fifth centile at 18 weeks' gestation. At 22 weeks' gestation, slowing of growth of all long bones was observed [Meo et al 2000].

=Molecular Genetics=

Table 1. Molecular Genetics of 3-M Syndrome

Gene Locus Product Genomic Databases

Unknown Unknown Unknown

=Resources=

GeneReviews provides information about selected national organizations and resources for the benefit of the reader. GeneReviews is not responsible for information provided by other organizations. -ED.

The Little People of America (LPA) PO Box 65030 Lubbock, TX 79464-5030 Phone: 888-LPA-2001 Fax: 806-797-8830 Email: LPADatabase@juno.com www.lpaonline.org

MAGIC Foundation for Children's Growth 6645 W North Ave Oak Park, IL 60301 Phone:  708-383-0808 Fax: 708-383-0899 Email:  mary@magicfoundation.org www.magicfoundation.org

Human Growth Foundation 997 Glen Cove Road Glen Head, NY 11545 Phone: 800-451-6434 Fax: 516-671-4055 Email: hgf1@hgfound.org www.hgfound.org =References=

Articles on 3-M Syndrome

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Literature Cited

 * Avela K, Lipsanen-Nyman M, Idanheimo N, Seemanova E, Rosengren S, Makela TP, Perheentupa J, Chapelle AD, Lehesjoki AE (2000) Gene encoding a new RING-B-box-Coiled-coil protein is mutated in mulibrey nanism. Nat Genet 25:298-301 [Medline]
 * Cantu JM, Garcia-Cruz D, Sanchez-Corona J, Fragoso R, Hernandez A, Nazara-Cazorla Z (1981) 3-M slender-boned nanism. An intrauterine growth retardation syndrome. Am J Dis Child 135:905-8 [Medline]
 * Feldmann M, Gilgenkrantz S, Parisot S, Zarini G, Marchal C (1989) 3M dwarfism: a study of two further sibs. J Med Genet 26:583-5 [Medline]
 * Flannery DB (1989) 3-M syndrome. Am J Med Genet 32:252-4 [Medline]
 * Garcia-Cruz D, Cantu JM (1979) Heterozygous expression in 3-M slender-boned nanism. Hum Genet 52:221-6 [Medline]
 * Hennekam RC, Bijlsma JB, Spranger J (1987) Further delineation of the 3-M syndrome with review of the literature. Am J Med Genet 28:195-209 [Medline]
 * Hennekam RCM (1989) Comment by Raoul C.M. Hennekam on the letter to the editor by Flannery. Am J Med Genet 32:253
 * Hennekam RC, Limburg M, Pals G (1994) 3-M syndrome and intracerebral aneurysms. J Med Genet 31:898 [Medline]
 * Le Merrer M, Brauner R, Maroteaux P (1991) Dwarfism with gloomy face: a new syndrome with features of 3-M syndrome. J Med Genet 28:186-91 [Medline]
 * Meo F, Pinto V, D Addario V (2000) 3-M syndrome: a prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 20:921-23 [Medline]
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=Author Information=

Muriel Holder-Espinasse, MD  Clinical Genetics Department Email: m.holder@ich.ucl.ac.uk Robin M Winter, FRCP, F Med Sci Clinical Genetics Department Email: r.winter@ich.ucl.ac.uk Institute of Child Health London

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Alan Miller (game designer)

Alan Miller is an American video game designer who was the co-founder of the video game company Activision.

Career
Miller studied electrical engineering and computer science at the University of California, Berkeley, graduating in 1973.

Miller joined Atari, Inc. in February 1977 and was one of the first four Atari 2600 game designers. His 2600 titles include Surround, Hangman and Basketball. With others, he co-authored the operating system for the Atari 400/800 computers in late 1978 and early 1979. His last game for Atari, Basketball, was one of the first ROM games for the Atari computers. Miller did not work on any Atari 2600 cartridges during his last year with Atari.

In late 1979, Miller left Atari with three other programmers, David Crane, Larry Kaplan and Bob Whitehead. They were disillusioned and disappointed with Atari's refusal to give them screen credit for any of the games they worked on. With music industry executive, Jim Levy, they formed Activision, the first independent video game developer and publisher. Activision rapidly grew to US$159 million in revenue in 1983, its third year of sales. Miller acted as Vice President of Product Development and designed several of the company's first games. Among his games designed while with Activision are Checkers, Tennis, Ice Hockey, Starmaster and Robot Tank. Miller experimented with implementing a 3D display for the game Checkers but due to technical limitations of both the Atari 2600 and television sets of the era, the idea was dropped.

Miller and Whitehead thought that diversification to other platforms, such as the home computers like the Commodore 64, was essential for success. Activision was resistant to this idea, so he and Whitehead left Activision in 1984 and together formed the game publisher Accolade. While with his new company, he designed only one game, Law of the West for the Commodore 64. Miller started as Vice President of Product Development but in a few years rose to chairman and CEO.

After ten years at Accolade, Miller left in 1994. Accolade hit hard times and in 1999 was purchased by Infogrames, which later changed its subsidiaries' names to Atari, Atari Europe, Atari Australia, and Atari Japan respectively.

In September 2001, Miller rejoined David Crane at Crane's company, Skyworks Technologies, a leading developer of custom branded online games (advergames) for Fortune 100 companies, where he served as Vice President of Business Development for four years.

Click Health
In 1997, Miller co-founded Click Health, a pioneering publisher of health education games for children with asthma and diabetes. The games were made available for Nintendo consoles and IBM PCs. Miller served as chairman and CEO. Clinical trials of the company's games demonstrated significant effectiveness. In a clinical trial with pediatric diabetes patients at Stanford University Medical Center and Kaiser Permanente, children who played the company's diabetes game, Packy and Marlon, experienced a 77% reduction in urgent care visits over six months, compared to children in the control group who were given a standard video game to play. The company's anti-smoking game, Rex Ronan: Experimental Surgeon, is an interactive exhibit in the Health Odyssey Museum at the Centers for Disease Control headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, played by thousands of children each year as they tour the museum.

Unable to find significant interest in distribution of the effective games through health care providers, insurers, and government agencies, Click Health closed its doors in September 2001.

title: Alan Miller (game designer)