text:
Malone (village), New York

Malone is a village in, and the county seat of, Franklin County, New York, United States. Its population was 5,911 at the 2010 census. The village is in the town of Malone. It is home to a campus of North Country Community College.

History
The community was first settled around 1802. During the War of 1812, the village was sacked by British troops making incursions from what would become Canada.

Malone was incorporated as a village in 1853. It served as a staging point for one arm of the 1866 and 1870 Fenian raids of Canada, which took place at many points along the Canada–United States border. The Fenian Brotherhood (Fenians) attempted to capture Canada to end British rule of Ireland.

Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote the book Farmer Boy about Almanzo Wilder, who attended Franklin Academy here. The school is now the site of the Malone Middle School, and the Wilder Homestead is a historical site that lies about 5 mi east of the village of Malone in the town of Burke. The First Congregational Church, likely the one mentioned in Farmer Boy, was the first Christian congregation founded and the first church building built in Franklin County. There is anecdotal evidence that the second church building (1852–1883) was one of the final stops in the Underground Railroad. A tunnel for the persons seeking freedom can still be found in the church's basement.

In 1935, Dutch Schultz had his tax evasion trial moved from Manhattan to Malone. After a media-saturated trial before a Malone-area jury, he was acquitted. In 1998, the village suffered a natural disaster as part of the North American Ice Storm of 1998. On November 6, 2012, a proposal to dissolve the village into the surrounding town of Malone was defeated by a 2-to-1 margin, with village residents voting 1,117–562 to keep the village intact.

In addition to the First Congregational Church and Wilder Homestead, the Horton Gristmill, Anselm Lincoln House, Malone Armory, Malone Freight Depot, Paddock Building, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Economy
Primarily a farming community, Malone is surrounded by dairy farms and potato producers, and was previously known for growing hops.

The New York Central and Rutland Railroads once had major switching and maintenance yards here.

Products manufactured in Malone included Sno-Pruf waterproofer for boots, woolen winter wear produced by Ballard Mill, and Sioux-Mocs slippers. Malone became known as the snowmobile capital of the United States when a local farm equipment dealer agreed to become the exclusive distributor for Bombardier Recreational Products east of the Mississippi.

A number of prisons have been built in the vicinity, becoming major employers.

The latest economic controversy to impact the community is the advent of significant wind farms in the region. Several decades ago, local farmers staged protests against the eminent domain-backed incursion of 765 MW transmission lines that crossed their pastures to bring Saint Lawrence Seaway power through Northern New York to downstate urban users.

Tourism is a major economic contributor, with Titus Mountain 6 mi south of the village drawing skiers, and the 36-hole Robert Trent Jones-designed Malone Golf Club drawing golfers from Montreal, Quebec.

Geography
Malone village is located in the northern part of the town of Malone at 44.85056°N, -74.28889°W (44.850676, −74.28907), in north-central Franklin County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 8.23 sqkm, of which 8.06 sqkm is land and 0.17 sqkm 2.08%, is water.

Malone is at the convergence of U.S. Route 11, New York State Route 11B (NY 11B), NY 30, and NY 37. County Road 25 enters the village from the south. US-11 leads east 46 mi to Champlain and southwest 37 mi to Potsdam. NY-30 leads south 58 mi to Tupper Lake in the Adirondacks and north 11 mi to Trout River at the Canada–US border. Cornwall, Ontario, is 31 mi to the northwest via NY-37.

The Salmon River, a tributary of the St. Lawrence River, flows northward through the village.

Climate
The climate of Malone is hemiboreal (Köppen climate classification "Dfb").

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,075 people, 2,583 households, and 1,511 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,920.0 PD/sqmi. There were 2,847 housing units at an average density of 899.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.58% White, 0.49% Black or African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 0.44% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.05% of the population.

There were 2,583 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.6% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.5% were non-families. 36.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $25,200, and the median income for a family was $35,077. Males had a median income of $29,200 versus $20,163 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,960. About 10.8% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.8% of those under age 18 and 11.6% of those age 65 or over.

Government and infrastructure
Upstate Correctional Facility, a prison of the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision, is near the town.

title: Malone (village), New York


text:
Malone, New York

Malone is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. The population was 12,433 at the 2020 census. The town contains a village also named Malone. The town is an interior town located in the north-central part of the county.

History

The town was formed from part of the town of Chateaugay in 1805. The town was originally named "Harison", after Richard Harison, who had purchased the land and founded the town. The name was changed in 1808 to "Ezraville", after Ezra L'Hommedieu, and in 1812 to "Malone".

During the War of 1812, the village was sacked by British troops making incursions from what would become Canada.

Former Governor Mario Cuomo instituted financial measures to increase economic stability to the county by bringing in many prisons (state and federal).

Between 1901 and 1958, a commuter train service run by the New York Central Railroad connected Malone with Montreal, Quebec.

Notable people

 * Tom Browning, MLB pitcher who won the World Series with the Cincinnati Reds
 * Ovila Cayer (1844–1909), recipient of the Medal of Honor for actions during the Battle of Globe Tavern
 * Alexander Duane (1858–1926), ophthalmologist
 * Orville Gibson (1856–1911), founder of Gibson Guitar Corporation
 * William H. Flack (1861–1907), US congressman
 * Michael Hastings (1980–2013), investigative journalist
 * William H. Huntington (1848–1916), former Wisconsin State Assemblyman
 * Clarence E. Kilburn (1893–1975), Republican member of the United States House of Representatives
 * Bob Mould (born 1960), solo musician and former guitarist, singer, and songwriter with alternative rock bands Hüsker Dü and Sugar
 * Charles L. Russell (1844–1910), recipient of the Medal of Honor for actions during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
 * Frank Tolan (1854–99), recipient of the Medal of Honor for actions at the Battle of the Little Bighorn
 * William A. Wheeler (1819–87), the 19th Vice President of the United States. Buried at Morningside Cemetery in Malone, his mansion on Elm Street is now the site of the Elks Lodge
 * Almanzo Wilder (1857–1949), husband of Little House on the Prairie author Laura Ingalls Wilder
 * Philip Woolley (1831–1912), Canadian American businessman

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 266.3 sqkm, of which 262.9 sqkm is land and 3.3 sqkm, or 1.25%, is water.

U.S. Route 11 and New York State Route 11B are east-west highways across the town, and New York State Route 30 and New York State Route 37 are north-south highways.

The Salmon River flows northward through the center of town, and the Trout River flows across the northeastern corner.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Malone has a warm-summer humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Malone was 95 F on July 10, 2020, while the coldest temperature recorded was -31 F on February 7, 1993.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 14,981 people, 4,114 households, and 2,620 families in the town. The population density was 147.1 PD/sqmi. There were 4,644 housing units at an average density of 45.6 /sqmi. The ethnic makeup of the town was 73.61% White, 18.56% Black or African American, 0.49% Native American, 0.63% Asian, 6.25% from other races, and 0.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.19%. Malone, New York has a far more diverse demographic profile compared to the surrounding region, due to hosting multiple state correctional facilities, which house prisoners from the entirety of New York state. Malone also hosts the county correctional facility for Franklin County.

Of the 4,114 households 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.5% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 30.7% of households were one person and 14.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.91.

The age distribution was 16.3% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 42.1% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 179.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 201.5 males.

The median household income was $27,716 and the median family income was $37,500. Males had a median income of $25,996 versus $20,506 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,352.

According to the Census 2017 ACS 5Year Estimates, the poverty rate in Malone is 24%. The child poverty rate is 31%. (A previous statistic here said the poverty rate was only 8%).

Communities and locations in the Town of Malone

 * Bare Hill Correctional Facility – a New York state medium security state prison
 * Chasm Falls – a hamlet in the southeastern part of the town on County Road 25; originally called Titusville
 * Fay – a hamlet by the northern town line
 * Franklin Correctional Facility – a New York state medium security state prison
 * Lake Titus – a lake in the southwestern part of the town
 * Malone – a village located in the center of the town and the county seat of Franklin County
 * Malone-Dufort Airport (MAL) – an airport west of the village of Malone
 * Malone Junction – a hamlet northeast of the village of Malone
 * Teboville – a hamlet in the central part of the town, east of Whippleville
 * Titus Mountain – a ski area spread over three mountains, 7 mi south of the village of Malone
 * Upstate Correctional Facility – a New York state maximum security state prison
 * Whippleville – a hamlet in the central part of the town, located south of the village of Malone on County Road 25

Sports
The Malone Border Hounds began play at American Legion Field with the Empire Professional Baseball League in 2023 and they won the league championship in their first season.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Malone, New York


text:
Broadalbin (village), New York

Broadalbin is a village in Fulton County, New York, United States. The name derives from the Breadalbane Region in Scotland. The majority of the village lies in the town of Broadalbin, but a small part is located in the town of Mayfield.

The population of the village was 1,327 at the 2010 census.

History
The village is near the site of the first settlement in the town, which took place c.1770.

The Hotel Broadalbin, built in 1854 as a glove store and expanded in 1881 when it was converted into a hotel, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. It was recently renovated and continues to operate year-round as a hotel.

In 1879, the east side of North Main Street was devastated by fire. Although 16 businesses were destroyed, there was no loss of life.

Geography
Broadalbin is located in southeastern Fulton County at 43.05917°N, -74.19806°W (43.05917, -74.198057). Most of the village is in the western part of the town of Broadalbin, but a portion of the village extends west into the town of Mayfield.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.92 sqkm, of which 0.01 sqkm, or 0.36%, is covered with water.

New York State Route 29 passes through the south part of the village, leading east 22 mi to Saratoga Springs and west 10 mi to Johnstown, the Fulton County seat. County Roads 110, 117, 126, and 155 serve the village.

Kennyetto Creek flows through the village, running west, then north, to Great Sacandaga Lake. The village is at the south edge of the Adirondack Park.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,411 people, 555 households, and 380 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,392.8 PD/sqmi. There were 596 housing units at an average density of 588.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.65% White, 0.35% Black or African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.07% from other races, and 0.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.35% of the population.

There were 555 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.2% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $35,664, and the median income for a family was $40,956. Males had a median income of $31,618 versus $24,211 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,036. About 3.2% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.4% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over.

title: Broadalbin (village), New York


text:
Broadalbin, New York

Broadalbin is a town in Fulton County, New York, on the eastern border of the county and northwest of Albany. The town was named after the Breadalbane Region in Scotland by an early settler. The town contains a village also called Broadalbin. The population was 5,260 at the 2010 census.

History
The town was part of the Sacandaga Patent of 1741. It was first settled by Europeans c. 1770, near the location of the present Broadalbin village.

Castle Cumberland was a short-lived fortification in the town during the American Revolutionary War.

Broadalbin was created from the towns of Johnstown and Mayfield in 1793, before Fulton County was formed. In 1799, part of Broadalbin was used to form the town of Northampton. Broadalbin lost the southern part of the town in 1842 to form Perth.

When the Great Sacandaga Lake was created in 1930, some of the town's land was covered with water, including the Sacondaga Vlaie, a broad expanse of marshy land.

Geography
Broadalbin is located along the eastern edge of Fulton County, at the southern end of Great Sacandaga Lake. The eastern town line is the border of Saratoga County. The village of Broadalbin is on the western side of the town and extends west into the town of Mayfield. The town is partially in the Adirondack Park.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 102.9 sqkm, of which 82.2 sqkm is land and 20.9 sqkm, or 20.26%, is water.

New York State Route 29 crosses the center of the town, leading east to Saratoga Springs and west to Johnstown, the Fulton County seat.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,066 people, 1,951 households and 1,404 families residing in the town. The population density was 159.7 PD/sqmi. There were 2,625 housing units at an average density of 82.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.34% White, 0.55% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.22% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.11% of the population.

There were 1,951 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.1% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,417, and the median income for a family was $44,957. Males had a median income of $34,263 versus $25,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,575. About 3.8% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.8% of those under age 18 and 2.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the town

 * Beatty Corners – A location on County Road 126 in the southern part of the town.
 * Benedict – A hamlet east of North Broadalbin, on County Road 110 at County Road 138.
 * Broadalbin – Most of the village of Broadalbin is in the town of Broadalbin; a small portion is in the town of Mayfield.
 * Fish House – A hamlet at the shore of Great Sacandaga Lake, in the northeastern corner of Broadalbin at the junction of County Roads 109 and 110.
 * Gorthey Corners – A location southwest of North Broadalbin on County Road 110.
 * Hill Corners – A location in the southwestern part of the town on County Road 107.
 * Hoesville – A hamlet at the eastern town line on County Road 107.
 * Honeywell Corners – A location in the southeastern section of the town at the end of what is now Honeywell Corners Road (Opelka Road) and Ridge Road.
 * Mills Corners – A location north of NY-29, at the present intersection of Old State Road and Eagles Road (rt. 138). Also known as "Flea Hill".
 * North Broadalbin (formerly "Averys" and "Spencers Corners") – A hamlet on the shore of Great Sacandaga Lake and County Road 110.
 * Sand Island – A small island in the Great Sacandaga Lake, north of North Broadalbin.
 * Steeles Corners – A location north of Mills Corners.
 * Stever Mill – A location east of Broadalbin village on NY-29.
 * Union Mills – A hamlet near the eastern town line on County Road 138. It was founded by the construction of a saw mill in 1827.

title: Broadalbin, New York


text:
Johnstown (town), New York

Johnstown is a town located in Fulton County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 7,098. The name of the town is from landowner William Johnson. The town of Johnstown is located on the southern border of the county. It borders on three sides the city of Johnstown and the city of Gloversville.

History
Johnstown was founded by William Johnson, a British military officer and colonial government official, in a region once known as "Kingsborough". Johnson named the settlement after his son, John Johnson, and by 1762 constructed a baronial hall.

In 1781, during the American Revolution, colonial forces, consisting of militia and Oneida allies, were victorious over a mixed force of Loyalists and Native allies. All of the holdings of the Johnson family were forfeited due to the family's allegiance to Britain.

The town of Johnstown was formed in 1793 from the town of Caughnawaga and served as the seat of sprawling Montgomery County, which encompassed a major portion of upstate New York. The town was divided afterwards to form new towns in the county: Mohawk (1837 and now in Montgomery County), Bleecker (1831), and Caroga (1842). In 1772, Johnson constructed a courthouse and jail, partly at his own expense, leading to further development.

The core of the town was incorporated as a village in 1808. Later, in 1895, the village was chartered as the city of Johnstown.

The town was early involved in the tanning of leather and manufacture of leather goods, primarily gloves.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 184.7 sqkm, of which 181.9 sqkm is land and 2.8 sqkm, or 1.52%, is water.

The southern town line is the border of Montgomery County.

New York State Route 29, New York State Route 29A, and New York State Route 67 are east–west highways. New York State Route 30A, a north–south highway, intersects NY-29A in the eastern part of the town, just east of the Gloversville city limits. NY-30A intersects NY-29 in the city of Johnstown. New York State Route 309 is north of Gloversville.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,166 people, 2,471 households, and 1,840 families residing in the town. The population density was 102.1 PD/sqmi. There were 2,728 housing units at an average density of 38.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 92.44% White, 4.63% Black or African American, 0.04% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 1.56% from other races, and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.28% of the population.

There were 2,471 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.0% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.0% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $39,591, and the median income for a family was $44,167. Males had a median income of $27,940 versus $24,688 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,910. About 6.9% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.4% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the town

 * Albany Bush – A former location in the town near Johnstown city.
 * Berkshire – A location east of Gloversville on NY-29A.
 * Cork – A location near the western town line on NY-29.
 * Dennies Crossing – A hamlet northeast of Gloversville on NY-30A.
 * Eppie Corners – A location near the western town line on NY-67.
 * Fulton County Airport (NY0) – A general aviation airport southeast of Johnstown city.
 * Hale Mills – A hamlet east of Johnstown on NY-29.
 * Kecks Center – A hamlet west of Johnstown on NY-67.
 * Kingsboro – A location in the northern part of Gloversville, extending into the town.
 * Meco – A hamlet north of Johnstown and west of Gloversville at the junction of County Roads 101 and 122.
 * Pleasant Square – A hamlet directly north of Gloversville, mostly around Phelps Street.
 * Progress – A hamlet east of Gloversville, on the eastern town line. The Log Cabin Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
 * Sammonsville – A hamlet by the southern town line on NY-334.
 * Smiths Corners – A location northwest of Gloversville near West Bush.
 * Tryon Girls Secure Facility – A state correctional facility for girls.
 * West Bush – A hamlet northwest of Gloversville.

title: Johnstown (town), New York


text:
Johnstown, New York

Johnstown is a city in and the county seat of Fulton County in the U.S. state of New York. The city was named after its founder, Sir William Johnson, Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the Province of New York and a major general during the Seven Years' War in North America. It is located approximately 45 mi northwest of Albany, about one-third of the way between Albany and the Finger Lakes region to the west, in the Mohawk Valley region, within the foothills of the Adirondack Mountains.

The city of Johnstown is mostly surrounded by the town of Johnstown, of which it was once a part when it was a village. Adjacent to Johnstown is the City of Gloversville. The two cities are together known as the "Glove Cities" due to their history of manufacturing gloves and other leather apparel. Gloversville and Johnstown together constituted the center of the American glove industry for 90 years until competition from other countries drove most of the manufacturers out of business.

As of the 2010 Census, the city had population of 8,743.

Early colonial history
The Irishman William Johnson came to the Province of New York from Ireland in 1738. Johnson was a trader who learned Native American languages and culture, and formed close relationships with many Native American leaders, especially those of the Mohawks and other members of the Iroquois Confederacy. His alliances and influence with the Iroquois played a significant part in the French and Indian War, in which he was a major general.

As a reward for his services, Johnson received large tracts of land in what are now Hamilton and Fulton counties. He established Johnstown and became one of New York's most prosperous and influential citizens. He was the largest landowner in the Mohawk Valley, with an estate of more than 400000 acre before his death. Having begun as an Indian trader, he expanded his business interests to include a sawmill and lumber business, and a flour mill that served the area. Johnson, the largest slaveholder in the county and perhaps in the state of New York, had some 60 enslaved Africans working these businesses. He also recruited many Scottish Highlander and Irish tenant farmers to work his lands. Observing Johnson's successful business endeavors, the local Native American inhabitants dubbed him Warragghivagey, or "he who does much business."

Johnson founded the village of Johnstown – originally "John's Town" – in 1762, naming it after his son John Johnson. Johnson built a school, which was free but not mandatory, to educate both Mohawk and white children. He was also instrumental in the organization of St. John's Espiscopal Church. Johnson, who had been living in what is now known as Old Fort Johnson, also built a large manor house and estate for himself in 1763, Johnson Hall, where he lived until his death. Johnson Hall was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960. It is operated by New York State as an historic site.

As the area owned and settled by Johnson grew, he convinced the governor, William Tryon, to establish a new county in upstate New York west of Albany County. This new county was named Tryon, after the governor, and Johnstown was made the county seat. The county courthouse, built by William Johnson in Johnstown in 1772, partly at his own expense, still stands today, as the oldest operating courthouse in New York. Sir William Johnson died in 1774 before the American colonies declared their independence from Britain.

Revolutionary War and aftermath
After the onset of the American Revolutionary War, many British Loyalists, including Johnson's son John and his family fled both Johnstown and the surrounding area for Canada. All of the Johnson property was confiscated by the state in 1779 because of the family's Loyalist sentiments and support for the British cause. Johnson Hall suffered vandalism at the hands of Continental soldiers quartered there. The house and estate were subsequently sold to Silas Talbot, a naval officer and hero of the American Revolution.

Although the majority of the fighting during the Revolution took place elsewhere, Johnstown did see some fighting late in the war. With area residents not knowing of Cornwallis' defeat and surrender at the Battle of Yorktown in Virginia, about 1,400 soldiers fought at the Battle of Johnstown, one of the last battles of the Revolution, on October 25, 1781. The Continental forces, led by Col. Marinus Willett of Fort Johnstown, ultimately put the British to flight after they had burned large tracts of land in the Mohawk Valley.

After the war, Johnstown became part of Montgomery County when the name of Tryon County was changed to honor the Continental General Richard Montgomery, who died at the Battle of Quebec.

19th century to the present
In 1803, the community of Johnstown was incorporated as a village. In 1838, Johnstown's county affiliation changed yet again when what by then remained of Montgomery County was divided into two separate counties: Montgomery and Fulton. While the village of Fonda became the new county seat of Montgomery County, Johnstown became the county seat of Fulton County. The village of Johnstown became a city in 1895, becoming separate from the surrounding town.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who became a prominent activist for women's rights, was born in Johnstown in 1815, and was educated at the Johnstown Academy.

In 1889, Johnstown suffered a devastating flood. The Cayadutta Creek rampaged, Schreiber's Skin Mill was swept away, as was the State Street bridge, and over twenty people were drowned or missing when the flood carried away the Perry Street bridge.

In 1906, the state of New York bought Johnson Hall from its private owners in order to renovate and preserve it.

Industrialization
With plentiful forests of hemlock trees and the wood bark they produced, Johnstown became a center for tanning of leather during the late 19th century. By the early 20th century Johnstown, along with neighboring Gloversville, became known as the glove-making capital of the world. Nicknamed the "Glove Cities", the two cities are still called that today. Many fringe business once existed to support the glove and leather industries around Johnstown. Box manufacturers, thread dealers, sewing machine repairmen, chemical companies and many others made a living helping to supply and service the industry.

One of the early industries to establish itself in Johnstown was the Knox gelatine plant. It was built in 1890 by Charles B. Knox, a prominent Johnstown resident, who developed the granulated, unflavored gelatin still used in food preparation today. When Knox died in 1908, his wife Rose Knox assumed management of the business. She became one of the earliest successful American businesswomen. The Knox family and its philanthropic foundation were generous to the city. Results of their philanthropy can still be found there today. They gave the city the block of land known as Knox Field, where the playgrounds, athletic fields, and bridle path are located. Knox Junior High School was named in honor of the family. The Knox Gelatin plant, once a major employer in Johnstown, closed in 1975 following the sale of the company to the Lipton Tea Company.

Geography
Johnstown is located along the southern edge of Fulton County, in the picturesque Mohawk Valley of upstate New York. It is slightly north of the route developed for the Erie Canal through what is now Montgomery County. Although not a hilltown, Johnstown is close to the Adirondack Mountains that stretch across the northern portion of Fulton County. It is situated near the southern border of the Adirondack Park.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.65 sqkm, of which 12.63 sqkm is land and 0.02 sqkm, or 0.17%, is water. The city is bordered to the north, east, and west by the town of Johnstown, to the northeast by the city of Gloversville, and to the south by the town of Mohawk in Montgomery County.

Cayadutta Creek, which runs through the city, provided water power needed to generate the electricity required by the various industries that grew up in Johnstown. The creek flows south to join the Mohawk River at Fonda.

East-west highways, New York State Route 29 and New York State Route 67, intersect in the city and also cross the north-south highway New York State Route 30A. NY 29 leads east 32 mi to Saratoga Springs and northwest 8 mi to Rockwood. NY 67 leads southeast 11 mi to Amsterdam and west 18 mi to St. Johnsville. NY 30A leads northeast 4 mi to Gloversville and 10 mi to Mayfield, as well as south 4.5 mi to Fonda and 6 mi to the New York Thruway.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,511 people, 3,579 households, 2,208 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,751.1 PD/sqmi. There were 3,979 housing units at an average density of 818.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 96.6% White, 0.6% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.0% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.

There were 3,579 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,603, and the median income for a family was $39,909. Males had a median income of $30,636 versus $22,272 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,324. About 9.3% of families and 13.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over.

Silas Talbot
Silas Talbot moved with his family to Johnstown, where he purchased Sir William Johnson's estate and manor house. A hero of the American Revolution, he later served as a member of the New York Assembly (1792–1793) and as a congressman in the U.S. House of Representatives (1793–1794) from that district.

In 1797 he supervised the building of the USS Constitution ("Old Iron Sides") at the Charlestown Navy Yard in Boston, Massachusetts. Talbot commanded the USS Constitution, largely in the West Indies, from 1799 to 1801, when he retired from the U.S. Navy.

Daniel Cady
One of the men instrumental in shaping Fulton County was Judge Daniel Cady, a prominent Johnstown resident. Sometimes called "the father of Fulton County", Cady named the new county after Robert Fulton, who was related by marriage to Cady's wife, Margaret Livingston. Robert Fulton, an inventor, is perhaps best known for devising the improvements that made steamboats commercially viable.

Judge Daniel Cady was one of Johnstown's most important citizens. With indirect connections by marriage to John Jacob Astor and that family's lucrative fur business interests, Daniel Cady, adept at managing these connections and his own business interests, joined the ranks of the wealthiest landowners in New York. After moving to Johnstown in 1799, he married Margaret Livingston, whose father, Col. James Livingston, fought in the Continental Army at the battles of Quebec and Saratoga during the American Revolution. Col. Livingston is credited with frustrating Benedict Arnold's attempted treason by firing on The Vulture, the boat intended to carry Arnold to safety. A public servant as well as astute lawyer and businessman, Judge Cady served in the New York state legislature from 1808 until 1814. In 1814 he was elected as a Federalist to one term in the United States House of Representatives. In 1816, he returned to Johnstown from Washington and resumed his legal practice. He later served as a judge on the New York Supreme Court, Fourth District, from 1847 until 1855. Cady died in Johnstown in 1859 and is buried in the cemetery there.

John D. McDonald
John D. McDonald (1816–1900) was born in Johnstown. Orphaned at 12, he took off for the Wisconsin Territory at age 20, where he was a farmer (lived on the same farm for 63 years) and served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and in various local office.

Israel T. Hatch
Hatch was born in Johnstown. He went on to become mayor of Buffalo, New York, and was also elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. He was law partners with Henry K. Smith, who also became a mayor of Buffalo.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Daniel Cady is today perhaps best known as the father of the prominent women's rights activist Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who was born in Johnstown in 1815. Stanton, who later worked in partnership with Susan B. Anthony and served for many years as president of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA), spent her childhood in Johnstown, where she studied at the Johnstown Academy. It was one of the first schools in New York to receive a teaching certificate issued by the newly formed state education system in the later 19th century. After leaving to continue her education in Troy, New York, Stanton returned to Johnstown with her husband Henry Brewster Stanton, a lawyer and abolitionist who studied law under her father, Daniel Cady. Because of her role, Johnstown, together with Seneca Falls, New York, where Elizabeth Cady Stanton helped organize the first Women's Rights Convention held in 1848, lays claim to being the birthplace of the women's rights movement in the United States. Stanton's speech, the Declaration of Sentiments, given at the Seneca Falls convention and modeled on the Declaration of Independence, is generally credited with instigating the women's suffrage movement in the United States.

George Linius Streeter
George Linius Streeter was a noted embryologist and Director of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Son of George Austin Streeter, a glove-maker.

title: Johnstown, New York


text:
Mayfield (village), New York

Mayfield is a village in Fulton County, New York, United States, located in the center of the town of Mayfield, northeast of Gloversville. As of the 2010 census, the village population was 832.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.8 sqkm, of which 2.3 sqkm is land and 0.5 sqkm, or 16.37%, is water.

Mayfield is at the southwestern end of Great Sacandaga Lake and at the southern edge of the Adirondack Park. The village is located on the north side of Mayfield Lake, where Mayfield Creek enters the lake.

New York State Route 30 passes the western side of the village, leading northeast 10 mi to Northville and south 14 mi to Amsterdam. Route 30A branches off just west of the village limits, leading southwest 6 mi to Gloversville and 10 mi to Johnstown, the Fulton County seat.

History
The village was incorporated in 1896.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 800 people, 307 households, and 221 families residing in the village. The population density was 896.9 PD/sqmi. There were 349 housing units at an average density of 391.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.38% White, 0.50% Black or African American, 0.75% Native American, and 0.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.75% of the population.

There were 309 households, out of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.1% were married couples living together, 16.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 29.5% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 17.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $35,781, and the median income for a family was $39,792. Males had a median income of $30,139 versus $21,620 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,604. About 8.7% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.1% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

title: Mayfield (village), New York


text:
Mayfield, New York

Mayfield is a town in Fulton County, New York, United States, northeast of Gloversville and Johnstown. The town contains a village also named Mayfield. The population of the town was 6,495 at the 2010 census.

History
The land that is now the town was part of the Mayfield Patent of 1770. The town was established in 1793 from the town of Caughnawaga in Montgomery County before the formation of Fulton County in 1838. It was one of the first three such towns formed. Part of Mayfield was taken in 1805 to form the town of Wells (now in Hamilton County). An additional part of Mayfield was added to Wells in 1812. Mayfield was reduced once again in 1842 to form the town of Perth. The early economy was based on lumber and leather production. The Oliver Rice House located on Old NY 30 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 167.5 sqkm, of which 151.2 sqkm is land and 16.3 sqkm, or 9.74%, is water. Mayfield is mostly within the Adirondack Park and is on the southwestern shore of Great Sacandaga Lake. New York State Route 30 is an important north-south highway in Mayfield. NY-30 intersects New York State Route 30A at Riceville. New York State Route 349 is an east-west highway in the southern part of the town. East-west highways New York State Route 29 and New York State Route 29A converge in the southern part of Mayfield, east of Vail Mills.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,432 people, 2,535 households, and 1,804 families residing in the town. The population density was 110.1 PD/sqmi. There were 3,211 housing units at an average density of 55.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.99% White, 0.39% Black or African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.42% Asian, 0.47% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population.

There were 2,535 households, out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,982, and the median income for a family was $42,289. Males had a median income of $30,326 versus $22,105 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,972. About 5.9% of families and 8.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.9% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.

Inhabited locations

 * Broadalbin – A small western part of the village of Broadalbin, located on NY-29, is inside the town of Mayfield.
 * Broadalbin Junction – A hamlet by the western town line on NY-30A southwest of Riceville.
 * Cranberry Creek – A hamlet in the northeastern corner of the town on NY-30. A stream called Cranberry Creek flows into Great Sacandaga Lake at the village.
 * Dennies Hollow – A hamlet north of Mayfield village on NY-30.
 * Jackson Summit – A location west of Mayfield village at the southern end of the Jackson Summit Reservoir.
 * Mayfield – The village of Mayfield is in the southeastern part of the town.
 * Munsonville – A hamlet at the western end of Great Sacandaga Lake, south of Mayfield village.
 * Red Bunch Corners – A hamlet in the southern part of the town on NY-30.
 * Riceville – A hamlet by the junction of Routes NY-30 and NY-30A.
 * Tolmantown – A former settlement in the northwestern quarter of Mayfield.
 * Vail Mills – A hamlet in the southeastern part of Mayfield on NY-30.
 * Wilkins' Corners – A former community near Mayfield village.

Geographic locations

 * Beacon Island – A small island in Great Sacandaga Lake, north of Kunkel Point.
 * Cameron Reservoir – A small reservoir near the northern town line.
 * Jackson Summit Reservoir – A reservoir located in the northwestern part of the town.
 * Kenyetto Creek – A stream in the southeastern section of the town flowing westward, then north into Great Sacandaga Lake.
 * Kunkel Point – A projection into Great Sacandaga Lake, north of Vandenburgh Point. The point, and road leading to it, are named for the late Robert S. Kunkel a prominent Gloversville doctor and one of the first people to buy property there. The Point remains in the Kunkel family.
 * Mayfield Creek – A stream flowing eastward into Mayfield Lake.
 * Mayfield Lake – A small lake south of Mayfield village, connecting to Great Sacandaga Lake.
 * Paradise Point – A short projection into Great Sacandaga Lake northeast of Dennies Hollow.
 * Scout Island – An island in the southwestern part of Great Sacandaga Lake.
 * Vandenburgh Point – A short peninsula into Great Sacandaga Lake, northeast of Munsonville.

Landmark

 * Oliver Rice House – A 1790 historical colonial home, now a museum.

title: Mayfield, New York


text:
Alexander (village), New York

Alexander is a village in Genesee County, New York, United States. The population was 509 at the 2010 census. The village is named after early settler, Alexander Rea.

The village of Alexander is within the town of Alexander. The village is in the south-central part of the town, south of Batavia.

Alexander is one of only twelve villages in New York still incorporated under a charter, the other villages having incorporated or re-incorporated under the provisions of Village Law.

History
The village was founded by Alexander Rea on land he purchased in 1802 and was incorporated in 1834.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.1 sqkm, all land.

Tonawanda Creek flows to the northeast through the village. It eventually turns west and is a tributary of the Niagara River. Alexander is at the junction of Alexander Road (NY Route 98) and Broadway (US Route 20). NY 98 leads north 8 mi to Batavia, the county seat, and south 3 mi to Attica. US 20 leads east 26 mi to Avon and west 22 mi to Depew. Buffalo is 32 mi to the west of Alexander.

Notable person

 * Barber Conable (1922–2003), U.S. congressman from Genesee County from 1965 to 1985 and president of the World Bank from 1986 to 1991

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 481 people, 172 households, and 121 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,099.4 PD/sqmi. There were 178 housing units at an average density of 406.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.34% White, 0.21% Native American, 0.83% Asian, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.42% of the population.

There were 172 households, out of which 41.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.30.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 33.3% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $51,528, and the median income for a family was $60,000. Males had a median income of $42,917 versus $21,071 for females. The per capita income for the village was $26,837. None of the families and 0.8% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

title: Alexander (village), New York


text:
Alexander, New York

Alexander is a town in Genesee County, New York, United States. The population was 2,491 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Alexander Rea, an early settler, and is on the southern border of the county. It includes a village also named Alexander.

History
Alexander Rea purchased 28.1 acre in the town in 1802 for $56.20 and founded the village of Alexander. The next year he laid out a road, now Walnut Street and Route 98, north of the settlement. The town of Alexander was incorporated in 1812, from a part of the town of Batavia.

The town includes the Alexander Classical School, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.5 square miles (92.0 km2), of which 35.5 square miles (92.0 km2) is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1 km2, or 0.08%) is water. Tonawanda Creek, a tributary of the Niagara River, flows northward through the town.

The southern town line is the border of Wyoming County.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,451 people, 860 households, and 651 families residing in the town. The population density was 69.0 PD/sqmi. There were 893 housing units at an average density of 25.1 per square mile (9.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.45% White, 0.29% Black or African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.49% of the population.

There were 860 households, out of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.4% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.2% were non-families. 19.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 30.5% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $43,500, and the median income for a family was $51,364. Males had a median income of $37,553 versus $21,020 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,031. About 5.0% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.3% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the town of Alexander

 * Alexander – The village of Alexander is in the south central part of the town.
 * Attica – A part of the village of Attica is within the south town line.
 * Brookville – A hamlet near the east town line.
 * East Alexander – A hamlet located near the intersection of Brookville and West Bethany roads at the east town line.
 * Little Tonawanda Creek – A stream that flows past Brookville, East Alexander, and West Bethany before joining Tonawanda Creek north of the town.
 * North Alexander – A location north of Alexander village on the Alexander Road (Route 98).
 * Ray – A hamlet in the northeast corner of the town.
 * West Bethany – A community located east of Alexander Village on Bethany Road, at the town line with Bethany.

Notable people

 * Daniel Burling, former New York State assemblyman
 * Barber Conable, former U.S. congressman and president of the World Bank
 * Alvarus E. Gilbert, former Wisconsin State assemblyman
 * Henry Hawkins (1790–1845), businessman, state assemblyman, founder of Alexander Classical School
 * Horace E. Houghton (1835-1897), Washington and Wisconsin state legislator
 * Al Keller, NASCAR and Champ Car driver
 * Allen Manvel, eleventh president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
 * John M. Stowell, former Wisconsin State assemblyman, mayor of Milwaukee

title: Alexander, New York


text:
Batavia (town), New York

Batavia is a town in Genesee County, New York, United States. The population was 6,293 at the 2020 census. The name is derived from the Roman name for part of the Netherlands.

The Town of Batavia was formed in 1802 along with the county. Batavia is centrally located in the county. The City of Batavia is surrounded by the town, but not part of the town.

History
The town was settled at the end of the 18th century. When Genesee County was created in 1802, it was created with one town: the Town of Batavia. At that time the county and its coterminous town encompassed most of western New York. The regional office of the Holland Land Company, the owner of all this territory, was located in the town, in the Village of Batavia, founded by Joseph Ellicott, the company's land agent. As other counties and towns were created, the territory of both the county and Town of Batavia shrank to its current size.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 48.4 square miles (125.4 km2), of which 48.2 square miles (124.8 km2) is land and 0.2 square mile (0.6 km2)  (0.45%) is water.

The Tonawanda Creek flows westward through the town, and the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90) passes across the town.

Adjacent towns and areas
To the north of the Town of Batavia are the Towns of Oakfield and Elba. The Town of Pembroke is on the west side, and the Town of Stafford is on the east side. The south border is shared by the Towns of Alexander and Bethany.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,915 people, 2,334 households, and 1,645 families residing in the town. The population density was 122.1 PD/sqmi. There were 2,447 housing units at an average density of 50.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.80% White, 0.85% Black or African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.85% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.66% of the population.

There were 2,334 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,449, and the median income for a family was $43,425. Males had a median income of $32,098 versus $24,404 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,563. About 7.3% of families and 9.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.3% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Batavia

 * Bushville – A hamlet west of the City of Batavia on Route 5, located on the Tonawanda Creek.
 * Daws Corners (also called Daws) – A location at the intersection of Quaker Hill Road (Route 98) and Town line Road, north of the City of Batavia on the northern town line.
 * East Pembroke – A part of this community is located at the west town line on Route 5.
 * Five Corners ("Newkirk") – A hamlet on the Batavia-Elba town line in the northeast corner of the town.
 * Genesee Community College – The two-year college is northeast of the City of Batavia.
 * Genesee County Airport (GVQ) – A general aviation airport north of the City of Batavia. The airport also accommodates corporate and government aircraft.
 * Putnam Settlement – A location on the Batavia-Bethany town line.
 * West Batavia – A hamlet in the southwest corner of the town on Route 33.

Notable person

 * David Buckel, LGBT rights lawyer

title: Batavia (town), New York


text:
Bergen (village), New York

Bergen is a village in Genesee County, New York, United States. The population was 1,176 at the 2010 census.

The village lies on the eastern edge of the town of Bergen. The village is north of the junction of Routes 19 and 33.

History
See also Bergen (town), New York.

The Bergen area was opened up in 1801 when a road was hacked through the thick "Northwoods" from LeRoy to Lake Ontario. (In its early days of settlement, Bergen was called "Northwoods".) Bergen was first settled in 1801 by Samuel Lincoln. In the same year George Letson, William Letson, Benajah Worden, Richard Abbey, Solomon Levi, Jesse Leach, James Letson, Gideon Elliott, and David Scott settled in town.

A colony of 60 families from Connecticut settled the area along Route 19 from Fort Hill (near Parmalee Road) to Black Creek from 1805 to 1810. The first store was a mile south of Route 33 on Route 19 on the east side of the road. The first group of stores was located from the intersection of Lake Road (Route 19) and Route 262 to the intersection of Route 19 and the Scottsville Road (Route 33A). This area was called "Buell's Corner", later "Bergen Corners" or "High Bergen". The first church organization was established in December 1807. The Congregational church was founded January 25, 1808. Harry Kelsey, a graduate of Yale College, taught the first school. The first frame house in the town was erected by Levi Ward, a pioneer physician. Jared Merritt built the first sawmill. Dr. Ward was proprietor of the first store, in 1808. The first inn was opened in 1809 by Samuel Butler. Colonel W.H. Ward was the first postmaster.

After the railroad came through in 1836, an area was laid out around the intersection of Lake Road (Route 19) and the railroad for businesses and houses. It was called "Wardville" after the Levi Ward family who laid it out. It was also called "Cork", after the Irish who settled there while and after the building of the railroad, and "Lower Bergen". The two areas were soon connected by residences and churches. Fire initially destroyed the business area around the railroad tracks in 1866.

This area, along with the surrounding residences, was incorporated in on March 5, 1877, as the Village of Bergen. The village is near the center of the eastern boundary line, on the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad.

Fire destroyed the business area around the railroad tracks again in 1880. The Village Board passed an ordinance requiring that all structures in this area should be built of brick, stone, or wrought iron.

The west side of the district south of the railroad is on the National Register as the Lake Street Historic District due to its 1880 wrought-iron storefronts, transom windows and probably, also, because of the famous family who founded "Wardville". Some of the family went on from Bergen to the Rochester area and were primary developers of that area.

Due to better building material and firefighting equipment, another fire in 1906 destroyed only some of the buildings on the west side of the street. A fire in 1932 leveled some of the buildings on the east side of the street. Since then, fires in individual buildings have caused some alteration of their facades.

Geography
The village of Bergen is located in northeastern Genesee County at 43.08339°N, -77.94175°W (43.083388, -77.941754), on the eastern side of the town of Bergen. New York State Route 19 passes through the village center as Lake Avenue, leading north 9 mi to Brockport and south 8 mi to Le Roy. New York State Route 33 passes along the southern and eastern edges of the village, leading northeast 3 mi to Churchville and 19 mi to Rochester. To the southwest NY 33 leads 14 mi to Batavia. New York State Route 262 leads west 13 mi to Elba. Interstate 490 passes just southeast of Bergen village, with access from exit 2 (NY Route 33A); I-490 leads northeast into Rochester and southwest 3.5 mi to Interstate 90, the New York State Thruway.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.91 sqkm, all land. The village area drains north to Black Creek, an eastward-flowing tributary of the Genesee River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,240 people, 466 households, and 317 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,002.3 PD/sqmi. There were 477 housing units at an average density of 770.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 95.32% White, 0.56% Black or African American, 0.40% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 0.97% from other races, and 1.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.45% of the population.

There were 466 households, out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.5% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.8% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.23.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $51,016, and the median income for a family was $54,327. Males had a median income of $35,909 versus $26,364 for females. The per capita income for the village was $19,689. About 2.2% of families and 3.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.8% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

title: Bergen (village), New York


text:
Bergen, New York

Bergen is a town in Genesee County, New York, United States. The town is in the northeastern corner of the county. The population was 3,120 at the 2010 census. There is also a village of Bergen in the town.

History
Bergen is one of the mid-sized towns in Genesee County. It was part of the Triangle Tract and the 100,000 Acre Tract (or the Connecticut Tract) in the Morris Reserve. It is a portion of the triangular tract sold to Le Roy and others from the Morris Reserve, and it contains two tiers of lots from the Connecticut tract. The latter are in the western part of the town. The community was named for a city on the west coast of Norway.

The Bergen area was opened up in 1801 when a road was hacked through the thick "Northwoods" region from LeRoy to Lake Ontario. (In its early days of settlement, Bergen was in fact called "Northwoods".) Bergen was first settled in 1801 by Samuel Lincoln. In the same year George Letson, William Letson, Benajah Worden, Richard Abbey, Solomon Levi, Jesse Leach, James Letson, Gideon Elliott and David Scott settled in town. A colony of 60 families from Connecticut settled the area along present-day Route 19 from Fort Hill (near Parmalee Road) to Black Creek between 1805 and 1810. The first store was a mile south of current Route 33 on Route 19 on the east side of the road. The first group of stores was located from the intersection of Lake Road (Route 19) and Route 262 to the intersection of Route 19 and Scottsville Road (Route 33A). This area was called "Buell's Corner", later "Bergen Corners" or "High Bergen". The first church organization was established in December 1807. The Congregational church was founded January 25, 1808. Harry Kelsey, a graduate of Yale College, taught the first school. The first frame house in the town was erected by Dr. Levi Ward, the pioneer physician. Jared Merritt built the first sawmill. Dr. Ward was also proprietor of the first store, in 1808. The first inn was opened in 1809 by Samuel Butler. Colonel W. H. Ward was the first postmaster.

Bergen was erected from the town of Murray (which was divided into three towns) on April 2, 1813. It was also part of the town of Northampton. The town of Byron was part of Bergen until 1820.

After the railroad came through in 1836, an area was laid out around the intersection of Lake Road (Route 19) and the railroad for businesses and houses. It was called "Wardville" after the Levi Ward family who laid it out. It was also called "Cork", after the Irish who settled there during and after the building of the railroad, and "Lower Bergen". The two areas were soon connected by residences and churches.

Fire initially destroyed the business area around the railroad tracks in 1866.

This area, along with the surrounding residences, was incorporated in on March 5, 1877, as the village of Bergen. The village of Bergen is located near the center of the eastern boundary line, on the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad.

Fire destroyed the business area around the railroad tracks again in 1880. The Village Board passed an ordinance requiring that all structures in this area should be built of brick or stone or wrought iron.

The west side of the district south of the railroad is on the National Register of Historic Places due to its 1880 wrought-iron store fronts, transom windows and probably, also, because of the famous family who founded "Wardville". Some of the family went on from Bergen to the Rochester area and were also primary developers of that area.

Due to the building material and better fire fighting equipment, a fire in 1906 destroyed only some of the buildings on the west side of the street. A fire in 1932 leveled some of the buildings on the east side of the street. Since then fires in individual buildings have caused some alteration of the facade of the buildings.

When glaciers of the fourth ice age retreated from the northeast corner of New York State 125,000 years ago, they left behind 2000 acre of forested wetlands now known as the Bergen Swamp. The three-mile (5 km) long wildlife area is home to dozens of species of unusual birds, reptiles and rare flowers that thrive in an undisturbed, natural environment.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 27.6 square miles (71.6 km2), of which 27.6 square miles (71.6 km2) is land and 0.04% is water.

Bergen Swamp, a glacial feature now kept as a wildlife preserve, is home to a small endangered rattlesnake, the Eastern Massasauga, as well as a large diversity of other species.

The eastern town line is the border of Monroe County, and the northern town line is the border of both Monroe County and Orleans County.

Interstate 490 passes through the southeast part of the town.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,182 people, 1,196 households, and 857 families residing in the town. The population density was 115.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,240 housing units at an average density of 44.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.27% White, 0.31% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 0.79% from other races, and 0.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.01% of the population.

There were 1,196 households, out of which 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.3% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $49,412, and the median income for a family was $54,012. Males had a median income of $36,913 versus $26,571 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,932. About 1.6% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.8% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Galusha Anderson, theologian
 * Bucky Freeman, former football and baseball coach
 * William Henry Munger, former US federal judge
 * Lewis S. Payne, former New York state senator
 * Billy Sands, character actor

Communities and locations in the Town of Bergen

 * Bergen – A village in the eastern part of the town on Route 19.
 * East Bergen – A hamlet on Route 19 in the northeast corner of the town.
 * Jerico Corners – A location at the intersection of Jerico and Swamp Roads.
 * Little Boston
 * North Bergen – A hamlet in the northwest corner of the town.
 * Sheepskin Corners
 * Stone Church – A hamlet south of Bergen village on Route 19.
 * West Bergen – A hamlet near the western town line.
 * West Sweden

title: Bergen, New York


text:
Elba (village), New York

Elba is a Administrative divisions of New York in Genesee County, New York, United States. The population was 676 at the 2010 census. The town is named after the island of Elba.

The village of Elba is in the town of Elba. The village is north of Batavia at the intersection of NYS Route 98 and NYS Route 262.

Elba claims to be the "Onion Capital of the World." Torrey Farms, one of the largest farms in New York, is located in Elba with about 8000 acres. They also own about 2000 acre of muckland in Potter, New York, where they grow a large number of onions.

Elba hosts its annual "Onion Festival" on the first weekend of August. The festival draws the vast majority of Elba residents as well as people from neighboring towns in Genesee County, and some from all over New York. Among the events are the Fireman's Parade, Kiddie Parade, raffling of a car (usually a new Mustang GT), and the crowning of an "Onion Queen". All profits from the festival go towards the funding of the Elba Fire Department. Although in 2016 the Onion Festival was not held, an Onion Queen was announced at a replacement town event in July.

History
The site of the village was first settled in 1804, by John Roraback, a weaver. The village of Elba was incorporated in 1884. Previously, in 1882, an attempt to incorporate "Pine Hill" as the town's name led to dissension and a lawsuit. The name "Pine Hill" was derived from a Native American name for the area.

Elba was a stop on the Underground Railroad. There literally was an underground section, as there was a tunnel underneath Main Street between the inn and the home of its owner, Elias Pettibone, which is now collapsed.

Geography
The village is located in northern Genesee County near the center of the town of Elba. New York State Route 98 runs through the village as Main Street, leading north 11 mi to Albion and south 5 mi to Batavia, the Genesee County seat. New York State Route 262 passes through the southern part of the village, leading east 6 mi to Byron and west 4 mi to Oakfield.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.6 sqkm, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 696 people, 245 households, and 190 families residing in the village. The population density was 684.2 PD/sqmi. There were 258 housing units at an average density of 253.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.41% White, 1.44% Black or African American, 0.57% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 1.15% from other races, and 0.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.30% of the population.

There were 245 households, out of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.7% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.4% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.28.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.3% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $47,614, and the median income for a family was $51,042. Males had a median income of $40,156 versus $30,192 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,246. About 5.6% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Bill Kauffman, paleoconservative political writer
 * B. S. Potter, former Wisconsin State Assembly member
 * Oz Asbjorn, concert promoter, bassist for National recording Metal act Necrostalker

title: Elba (village), New York


text:
Elba, New York

Elba is a town in Genesee County, New York, United States. The population was 2,370 at the 2010 census. The town is at the northern border of the county and is north of the city of Batavia. The town contains the village of Elba, located near the town's center.

History
The area was first settled in 1803. The town of Elba was established in 1820, from a partition of the town of Batavia. In 1842, part of Elba was used to form the town of Oakfield.

In 1884, the community of Elba set itself off from the town by incorporating as a village.

In 1948, as his "Whistle Stop" Campaign Tour passed through, Harry Truman referred to the onion smell from the local muck fields. He then stated that the town should be renamed "Smell-ba".

Elba had three mines under its main land, which originated in 1788.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.7 square miles (92.5 km2), all land.

The north town line is the border of Orleans County (town of Barre).

Part of the Alabama Swamp is in the northwest corner of the town, through which flows Oak Orchard Creek.

North-South NYS 98 and east-west NYS 262 intersect in Elba village.

USGS maps of the area name the section including Ridge Road as "Bulgary Ridge". Prior to more recent maps, in 1897 USGS maps, the area was called "Vulgary".

Torrey Farms, one of the largest farms in New York, is located in the town of Elba.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,439 people, 853 households, and 668 families residing in the town. The population density was 68.3 PD/sqmi. There were 910 housing units at an average density of 25.5 per square mile (9.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 93.07% White, 1.72% Black or African American, 0.49% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 3.90% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.25% of the population.

There were 853 households, out of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.4% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.6% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.7% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $46,161, and the median income for a family was $51,058. Males had a median income of $37,244 versus $24,688 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,470. About 5.9% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.4% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Elba

 * East Elba – A hamlet on Norton Road in the southeast corner of the town. Home to the East Elba Motorcycle Gang from the 1970s.
 * Elba – The village of Elba is located on Route NY-98.
 * Davis Corners – A former community in the south part of the town.
 * Daws (also called "Daws Corners") – A location south of Elba village on Route NY-98 at the south town line.
 * Five Corners – A hamlet south of East Elba on the town line.
 * Langton Corners – A community north of the village on Oak Orchard Road.

title: Elba, New York


text:
Le Roy (village), New York

Le Roy is a village in Genesee County, New York, United States. The population was 4,391 at the 2010 census. The village lies in the center of the town of Le Roy at the intersection of State Routes 5 and 19.

History
Prior to its incorporation in 1834, the first settlements in the village were to the east of the present village site.

The village was an early center for the manufacture of patent medicines by companies such as S. C. Wells & Co. and household chemicals. Products produced in Le Roy included Mustarine, a patent mustard-plaster compound, and Rough On Rats, a rodent poison. Earliest businesses in the village are the Bank of LeRoy (founded 1834, now Bank of America) and the Gazette-News newspaper (defunct 1993). Le Roy is the birthplace of Jell-O.

Le Roy holds the Oatka Festival every summer, the tradition originating in 1989. This festival includes celebration of the rich culture and history of the local area with vendors and several local businesses and restaurants participating each year.

The First Presbyterian Church of Le Roy, Keeney House, Machpelah Cemetery, Le Roy House and Union Free School, Augustus S. Tyron House, U.S. Post Office, and Marion Steam Shovel are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Le Roy is located in eastern Genesee County at 42.97556°N, -77.99056°W (42.975656, -77.990792), southwest of the center of the town of Elba.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.7 sqmi, of which 6678 m2 is water. Oatka Creek, a tributary of the Genesee River, flows through the village.

New York State Route 19 intersects New York State Route 5 in LeRoy. NY 19 (Lake Street to the north, Clay Street to the south) leads north 8 mi to Bergen and south 19 mi to Warsaw. NY 5 (Main Street) leads east 7 mi to Caledonia and west 10 mi to Batavia, the Genesee County seat. Interstate 90, the New York State Thruway, passes north of Le Roy, with access from Exit 47 (I-490/NY 19) 4.5 mi north of the village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,462 people, 1,845 households, and 1,114 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,654.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,980 housing units at an average density of 734.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 94.73% White, 2.47% Black or African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.56% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.22% from other races, and 1.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.92% of the population.

There were 1,845 households, out of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $33,168, and the median income for a family was $43,594. Males had a median income of $36,740 versus $21,306 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,565. About 6.1% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.1% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Bob Beyer, assistant basketball coach currently with the Sacramento Kings
 * Warren A. Cowdery, early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement
 * Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis, abolitionist
 * Graham N. Fitch, former US senator from Indiana, brigade commander in the Union Army during the American Civil War
 * John Ganson, former congressman
 * Augustus P. Hascall, former congressman
 * S. Percy Hooker, former New York state senator
 * Emily E. Ingham, founded former Ingham University
 * William Lathrop, former congressman from Illinois
 * Mary Macaulay, first woman telegrapher to hold a national elective office in a union
 * Lorenzo Sawyer, former judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
 * Vince Scott, CFL player

title: Le Roy (village), New York


text:
Le Roy, New York

Le Roy, or more commonly LeRoy, is a town in Genesee County, New York, United States. The population was 7,641 at the time of the 2010 census. The town is named after one of the original land owners, Herman Le Roy. The town lies on the southwestern edge of Monroe County. Within the town is a village of Le Roy. The Jell-O gelatin dessert was invented and first manufactured in Le Roy.

History
The area was first settled in 1793. The town of Le Roy was established in 1812 as the "Town of Bellona" from part of the town of Caledonia (Livingston County). The name was later changed to "Le Roy" in 1813, after New York City merchant and land speculator Herman LeRoy.

The Jell-O gelatin dessert was invented and first manufactured in Le Roy, and the Jell-O Museum is located in the town. General Foods closed the Jell-O factory in 1964 and relocated to Dover, Delaware.

Le Roy was the home of Calvin Keeney, who was the first breeder to successfully produce a stringless green bean.

Le Roy also has a 100-inch tall, 290 lb. replica of the Statue of Liberty located on Wolcott Street on the banks of Oatka creek.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 42.2 square miles (109.2 km$2$), all land.

The east town line is the border of Monroe and Livingston counties.

Oatka Creek, a tributary of the Genesee River, flows northward through the town and was a source of water power for early mills. The New York State Thruway (Interstate 90) passes across the northern part of the town. The western terminus of Interstate 490 is also here.

The town rests atop the Onondaga Formation which forms an escarpment that faces north and runs east/west, just north of the village. The limestone rock is highly fossiliferous, of Devonian age, and extensively quarried. It is used for road building as crushed rock, and for the manufacture of portland cement. In the eastern part of the town is a community named Lime Rock.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 7,790 people, 3,037 households, and 2,034 families in the town. The population density was 184.7 PD/sqmi. There were 3,219 housing units at an average density of 76.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.01% White, 1.87% Black or African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 1.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 0.78%.

Of the 3,037 households 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 26.9% of households were one person and 11.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.04.

The age distribution was 25.2% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males.

The median household income was $39,690 and the median family income was $49,189. Males had a median income of $36,810 versus $23,024 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,342. About 3.8% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.0% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the town of Le Roy

 * Fort Hill – a hamlet in the northwest part of the town, north of Le Roy village on Route 19. It is the site of a prehistoric Native American village.
 * Le Roy – a village on Route 5 and Oatka Creek
 * Le Roy Airport (5G0) – a small general aviation airport east of the village on Route 5
 * Lime Rock – a hamlet on Route 5 near the eastern town line, east of Le Roy village

2011 illness outbreak
Beginning in August 2011, 14 students (13 girls and one boy) from the LeRoy Junior-Senior High School began reporting perplexing medical symptoms including verbal outbursts, tics, seizure activity and speech difficulty. In mid-January, five days after a community meeting in which the New York State Department of Health stated their diagnosis could not be revealed publicly due to privacy concerns, two of the girls appeared on NBC's Today Show to discuss their frustration with not getting adequate answers.

The next day, Laszlo Mechtler, a neurologist treating most of the girls, was given permission to share the diagnosis of conversion disorder and mass psychogenic illness. Unsatisfied with the investigation's results, the girls and their parents spoke out publicly against their diagnosis, stating they believed the situation warranted further scrutiny from outside sources. Alternative medical theories were suggested, including Tourette syndrome and PANDAS, which Mechtler and his team ruled out. Erin Brockovich, noted environmental activist, was called to town to investigate environmental pollution from the 1970 Lehigh Valley Railroad derailment as a possible cause. During this time, many of the girls appeared in the local and national media, as well as posting on social media. As this happened, the illness spread to 20 individuals. Eventually, as doctors encouraged their patients to stay away from the media and the media attention died down, many of the girls' symptoms improved. By the end of the school year in June, one girl was diagnosed with Tourette syndrome, and most of the girls who received treatment for conversion disorder were healthy in time for graduation. No environmental causes were found after repeated testing around the school and surrounding areas of town.

Bartholomew, Wessely and Rubin questioned in 2012 whether interaction on social media (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Internet blogs) contributed to mass psychogenic illness when the adolescent girls reported tic-like movements. Bartholomew et al reported twitching epidemics in the US as early as 1939, and wrote that the Leroy outbreak was the "third recorded school outbreak of conversion disorder with motor disturbances to occur in the USA since 2002", but the first in which reports of affected individuals spread via social networks.

Notable people

 * Seth M. Gates, former U.S. congressman from New York
 * Ruth Webster Lathrop, physician, medical college professor in Philadelphia
 * Erin K. O'Shea, President of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Harvard University
 * Pearle Bixby Waite, native Le Roy man who invented the modern recipe for JELL-O. His wife is noted for coining the name. Jell-O 1-2-3.

title: Le Roy, New York


text:
Oakfield (village), New York

Oakfield is a village in Genesee County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the village population was 1,813. The village lies within the town of Oakfield in northern Genesee County. The village is at the intersection of Route 63 (Lewiston Road) and Route 262. It is northwest of Batavia.

History
The community was called "Caryville" and "Plain Brook" in the past. The village was incorporated in 1858, changing its name to "Oakfield" at that time.

Geography
The village is in the southern part of the town of Oakfield, 6 mi northwest of Batavia, the county seat, by NY Route 63, and 16 mi southeast of Medina. NY Route 262 leads east 4 mi to Elba.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.7 sqkm, all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,805 people, 648 households, and 465 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,721.4 PD/sqmi. There were 702 housing units at an average density of 1,058.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.95% White, 1.22% Black or African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.66% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. 0.94% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 648 households, out of which 39.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.3% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.25.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 29.7% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $40,580, and the median income for a family was $45,270. Males had a median income of $32,981 versus $21,897 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,962. 11.6% of the population and 8.0% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 15.8% of those under the age of 18 and 7.8% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Religion
Religious diversity is low, with all religious institutions adhering to Christianity. There are presently five churches in the village:
 * Oakfield United Methodist Church
 * Oakfield Community Bible Church
 * St. Cecilia's Roman Catholic Church
 * St. Michael's Episcopal Church
 * Genesee Country Church

title: Oakfield (village), New York


text:
Oakfield, New York

Oakfield is a town in Genesee County, New York, United States. The population was 3,250 at the 2010 census. The name of the town is derived from a number of trees, including the oak. The town is on the northern border of Genesee County. Within the town is a village also named Oakfield.

History
Prehistoric earthworks indicate a previous occupation by Native Americans. The local tribe during historic time were the Seneca people. The manner in which they cut down the trees on their land gave rise to the phrase "Oak Orchard," which has current usage in the area.

The area was once known as "Plain Brook", after it was first settled around 1801. The town was formed in 1842 from the town of Elba and named "Oakfield".

In 1858, the community of Caryville set itself off from the town by incorporating as the village of Oakfield.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 23.9 square miles (62.0 km2), of which 23.5 square miles (60.7 km2) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.2 km2, or 1.96%) is water.

Oak Orchard Creek flows across the north part of the town.

The north town line is the border of Orleans County (town of Barre).

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 3,782 people, 1,390 households, and 1007 families residing in the town. The population density was 136.6 PD/sqmi. There were 1,250 housing units at an average density of 53.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 95% White, 1.4% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 1.1% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.2% of the population.

There were 1,390 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 22% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 19, 6.1% from 20 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 28% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $49,023. Males had a median income of $32,355 versus $23,403 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,174. About 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line.

Communities and locations in the Town of Oakfield

 * Dunhams Grove – A former location in the town, where Lewiston Road crosses Oakfield-Batavia Townline Road.
 * East Oakfield – A hamlet on the Lockport Road east of the village of Oakfield.
 * Five Corners (previously "Oakfield Corners") – A location northwest of the village of Oakfield.
 * Oak Orchard Wildlife Management Area – A conservation area in the north part of the town.
 * Oakfield (named at first "Plain Brook," then "Caryville" until 1858) – The village of Oakfield, located on NY-63.

title: Oakfield, New York