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Talk:James Busby

[Untitled]
The first vines where brought to Australia in 1788 with Arthur Philip. Further the quoted source Oxford Companion to Wine does not support that James Busby brought the first vines to Australia. Although he did bring a lot of different varieties.

Discussion header
John Busby and James Busby were created by me after someone made John & James Busby. That article didn't contain too much info, so I did a bit of web research to create these. Just a note of caution - web research is often dodgy. :-) Any corrections welcome. Evercat 23:19 25 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Added x-ref to bio at Friends of West Norwood Cemetery where he is buried Ephebi 13:22 31 Oct 2006

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james busby was a very important guy of the treaty

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title: Talk:James Busby


text:
Prince Johnson

Prince Yormie Johnson (born 6 July 1952) is a Liberian politician and former warlord who has served as a senator for Nimba County since 2006. A former rebel leader, Johnson played a prominent role in the First Liberian Civil War.

A former officer in the Armed Forces of Liberia, Johnson allied himself with Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) rebel group when it launched the First Liberian Civil War in 1989 to overthrown President Samuel Doe. Due to a rift with Taylor, Johnson soon formed an NPFL splinter group, the Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia (INPFL), which captured, tortured and executed Doe in 1990. Following continued clashes with Taylor and the pro-Doe ULIMO group, the INPFL was disbanded and Johnson was forced into exile in Nigeria in 1992.

Johnson returned to Liberia in 2004 following the end of the Second Liberian Civil War and was elected to the Senate of Liberia in the 2005 Liberian general election. He founded a political party, the National Union for Democratic Progress (NUDP) in 2010, before being expelled from it in 2014. He founded a new party, Movement for Democracy and Reconstruction (MDR) in 2016. He has since been re-elected to the Senate in 2014 and 2023. He was also an unsuccessful candidate for President in 2011 and 2017, respectively finishing in third and fourth place in the first round.

Early life
Johnson was born in Tapeta, Nimba County, in the east-central interior of the country, and was brought up by an uncle in the capital city of Monrovia. In 1971, while living in Monrovia, he joined the Liberian National Guard (LNG), which was transformed into the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) in the aftermath of Samuel Doe's 1980 overthrow of President William R. Tolbert.

He rose to the rank of Lieutenant, receiving military training in both Liberia and the United States, where he was instructed in military police duties in South Carolina. A stern, often draconian, disciplinarian, he served as aide-de-camp to Gen. Thomas Quiwonkpa, the Commanding General of the Armed Forces of Liberia, and accompanied him into exile in 1983, after Quiwonkpa was accused of plotting a coup against Doe.

Liberia's civil war and warlordship
Johnson later allied with Charles Taylor as part of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), serving as the NPFL's Chief Training Officer. Taylor's fighters crossed the border from Ivory Coast and began operations in Liberia on Christmas Eve, 1989.

Formation of the INPFL
An internal power struggle resulted in Johnson breaking off from the Taylor-led NPFL and forming the Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia (INPFL). Despite intervention in the civil war by the Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG), INPFL forces captured most of Monrovia in the late summer of 1990.

During the civil war, Johnson was notorious for killing anyone who opposed or criticised his actions. When Hare Krishna devotees, who were distributing food to starving people in Monrovia in the midst of the chaos of the civil war, sent him a letter begging him to stop killing people, he personally orchestrated the murder of Hladini devi dasi—born Linda Jury—and five of her students on the bank of the Saint Paul River on the night of Thursday, 13 September 1990.

Killing of President Doe
On 9 September 1990, Johnson's supporters abducted President Samuel Doe from ECOMOG headquarters in the Monrovia port district. Doe was tortured and executed in Johnson's custody on 9 September, with the spectacle videotaped and broadcast around the world. The video showed Johnson sipping a Budweiser beer and being fanned by an assistant as his men cut off Doe's ear.

Johnson later denied killing Doe.

Claim to power
After Doe's death Johnson briefly claimed the presidency of Liberia. Johnson's claim to power ended following the consolidation of rebel power under Charles Taylor. In an attempt by the weak national government to reconstruct Liberian politics, the INPFL was recognised at a conference held in Guinea, where Amos Sawyer was elected president.

Flight to Nigeria
Johnson was forced to flee to Nigeria to avoid capture by rebel forces supporting Taylor and was not involved in the Second Liberian Civil War.

While in Nigeria, Johnson became a Christian and reconciled with the Doe family through the intervention of Nigerian pastor T. B. Joshua.

Return and public office
Johnson returned to Liberia in March 2004, following the resignation of Taylor as president and the installation of a transitional government. He stated his intention to return to politics, though he briefly left Liberia again on 7 April due to death threats he had received from the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) rebel group. In the 2005 general elections, Johnson contested and won a Senate seat representing Nimba County. For a period he served as the chair of the Senate's defence committee.

In the June 2009 final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which was established as part of the 2003 peace deal, the TRC recommended Johnson's inclusion on a list of 50 people who should be "specifically barred from holding public offices; elected or appointed for a period of thirty (30) years" for "being associated with former warring factions." Johnson labelled the recommendation a "joke," noting the absence of several other combatants from the list, and vowed to resist any charges brought as a result of the report.

In January 2011, the Supreme Court ruled in Williams v. Tah, a case brought by another person recommended for disqualification in the TRC report, that the TRC's recommendation was an unconstitutional violation of the listed individuals' right to procedural due process, and that it would be unconstitutional for the government to implement the proposed bans.

Johnson ran in Liberia's 2011 presidential election as the candidate of the newly formed National Union for Democratic Progress party. He placed third, with 11.6% of the vote; the election was won by the country's previous president, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.

Ahead of the 2014 Senate election, Johnson was expelled from the NUDP. Johnson won re-election to the Senate as an independent.

By 2017, Johnson formed a new party, the Movement for Democracy and Reconstruction (MDR). Johnson contested the presidency with the party in the 2017 election. Johnson supported Coalition for Democratic Change (CDC) candidate George Weah in the subsequent run-off election. Weah was ultimately elected president.

On 9 December 2021, Johnson was sanctioned by the United States Department of Treasury for alleged political corruption, claiming he would sell votes in elections for financial gains.

Towards the ending of 2022, Johnson withdrew his support for President Weah and the CDC. Johnson cited the lack of Nimba County representation in top appointed positions. In December 2022, Johnson resigned as head of the MDR. In an MDR convention on 22 December, Senator Jeremiah Koung was elected standard bearer. As standard bearer, Koung continued Johnson's policy of opposing the CDC.

In the 2023 Senate election, Johnson was re-elected with the MDR.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Prince Johnson


text:
User:ChrisMcCurdy

I have just been turned on to this site! What a lovely idea.

title: User:ChrisMcCurdy


text:
Talk:Prince Johnson

Comments
I don't think Johnson ever claimed to "be a prince" of any monarchy or royal house. It may well have been his first given name, or maybe a nickname acquired later, in any case it was used as an ordinary name, and therefore does belong in the title. In fact the most common form is simply "Prince Johnson" rather than "Prince Yormie Johnson" (let alone just "Yormie Johnson").

 * Fixed. Qero 15:24, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

Year of birth
1959 or 1952? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mariansavu (talk • contribs) 22:01, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Prince Johnson


text:
User:CyaArroyo

Hello me :)

Image:Wikipedesketch1.png

title: User:CyaArroyo


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Talk:Ice dance

This article may be incorrectly titled
Hello, I have realised that this Wikipedia article may be fundamentally flawed because it keeps referring to "ice dance" as "ice dancing", the first example being in the page title itself, not to mention the filename! Just to be sure, I've checked with the ISU website and they do indeed refer to the discipline as Ice Dance, one of the four disciplines encompassed by the term "figure skating", i.e. singles (men), singles (women), pairs, ice dance.

Just to clarify my position/opinion, "Ice dancing" is an informal description of the activity of dancing on ice (granted) but in a more formal sense, the discipline itself is officially termed Ice Dance. I would like to suggest that we reflect this fact by changing the title of the article accordingly and correcting the wording, where necessary, in the page text. Not every mention of the term "ice dancing" would need to be changed, it would depend entirely on the context in which it appeared within the article.

The article is held in a file called https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_dancing and I believe that could not easily be changed! I'm also aware that there would be repercussions for pages linking to the article if we were to change its title, but this can easily be bypassed using a redirect if necessary.

Rodney Baggins (talk) 20:03, 19 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose This figure skating competition is commonly called "ice dancing" as can be seen by current coverage in the New York Times and the Washington Post. A book on the event called Ice Dancing was published this year. According to WP:COMMONNAME, "Wikipedia does not necessarily use the subject's "official" name as an article title; it generally prefers to use the name that is most frequently used to refer to the subject in English-language reliable sources." Cullen328  Let's discuss it  02:13, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * A widely cited book called The Key to Rhythmic Ice Dancing was published 60 years ago, which shows that the term "ice dancing" is well established. Cullen328  Let's discuss it''  02:27, 20 February 2018 (UTC)

OK I submit to your argument in this case because I suppose this article is more generic. And having had a closer look at it I admit that the term "ice dance" is heavily used throughout in the appropriate context, so that's fine. However, I think the discipline of "ice dance" should be correctly termed in articles that refer to it specifically as a sport rather than just the leisure activity. I am of course talking about the Olympics! So I am going to suggest the change on the relevant articles there. Rodney Baggins (talk) 09:08, 20 February 2018 (UTC)

 * Support, in the interest of accuracy. I know that I'm late to the game, but there have been plenty of other instances where the term for something was changed and we needed to change articles to reflect it.  The governing body of the sport of ice dance refers to the sport in that way, so that should be reflected here.  Bots can take care of changing the term and making redirects. Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 21:39, 9 July 2018 (UTC)

Discussion currently going on about this here:. Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 18:26, 11 July 2018 (UTC)

Competition segments
I'd like to suggest that we change the structure of this section to reflect the sport's current practices. What that would mean is that we'd move the CD and OD subsections into the intro part of the section and retain the SD and FD subsections as is. I'll create a version of what I'm thinking in my sandbox and provide a link here before I make the changes. Please discuss. Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 22:45, 9 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Hi all, no discussion, but here's the promised link:  It turned out a little different than I was thinking above.  As you can see, I also revamped the section and updated it.  If there's still no discussion about my changes in another 7 days (21 July 2018), I'll go ahead and publish it, replacing my version with the current one.  Thanks, it was fun. Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 03:19, 15 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Hello again. No-one else seems to be interested in any of this, but we can carry on working on it together... I've had a quick look at your draft and it looks like a good idea. The only problem is the way you've structured it, the Compulsory dance and Original dance appear to be subsections of Free dance (as shown up in the contents list) so it looks as if they are part of the Free dance, which they obviously are not. I can see that you wanted CD and OD to have less significance in the order of things, but making them level 4 headings has automatically made them part of the previous level 3 section above. What I would suggest is creating two new level 3 headings: "Current competition segments" and "Discontinued competition segments", with SD & FD at level 4 under the first and CD & OD at level 4 under the second. Thus:

===Current competition segments=== (quick intro about how things are today) ====Short dance==== (SD text) ====Free dance==== (FD text) ===Discontinued competition segments=== (quick intro about how things were before the 2011–2012 season: FD was part of the competition, along with...) ====Compulsory dance==== (CD text) ====Original dance==== (OD text)

I can take a closer look at the content later today. Bye for now. Rodney Baggins (talk) 09:51, 16 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Duh, I just saw this before posting on your talk page, Rodney. My weakness on WP has always been the technical aspects of things, so I thank you for your help.  Marvelous, I'll go and fix it now, as per your suggestions.  Looking forward to further collaborations with you! Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 16:50, 16 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Symbol confirmed.svg Done, although I didn't include an intro under the "Discontinued competition segment" section because there's really nothing to add that isn't already there, unless you have suggestions. Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 18:08, 16 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Hi Christine. I've been through your draft. How do you want me to tell you my changes? Is it OK if I edit your sandbox directly? You can always revert anything you don't like if I do it in stages. I may as well tell you now that I'm not sure the dates are right. The decision to change the ice dance comp. format was taken at ISU Congress 2010 and first implemented in 2010–2011 season (re. Communication No. 1621), but you've said the decision was taken in 2011 and first put into effect in the 2011–2012 season. I've also got a slightly different section structure to suggest, along with quite a lot of wording edits... Rodney Baggins (talk) 22:08, 16 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Hi Rodney, whenever I've collaborated with other editors, I let them take the lead in how they want to proceed with suggestions. I've worked with editors who follow the FAC-method, where they describe the edits they want made and then we discuss them.  I've also worked with editors who have made contributions to the sandbox where we work and then others chime in if they disagree.  You seem to be the messing-around-in-the-sandbox type, and I'm fine with that. ;)  I think that the reasons I got the the dates wrong is that the sources are confused, and I was following them, and then got distracted and didn't check for accuracy.  I appreciate the catch; that's why we work collaboratively and in userspace.  So please, go ahead and make your changes in the sandbox; if you're uncomfortable with being in my space, we can create another sandbox if you like. Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 02:41, 17 July 2018 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks, I don't feel uncomfortable with it, I just wanted to ask your permission first. I hope you don't regret it! I'll do it in stages so you can revert whatever you don't like:
 * (slight restructure)
 * copyedit Competition segments (intro)
 * copyedit Short dance
 * copyedit Free dance
 * copyedit Compulsory dance
 * copyedit Original dance
 * I wonder why no-one else is interested in this? Maybe they just trust us to get on with it and they're patiently watching... Rodney Baggins (talk) 07:00, 17 July 2018 (UTC)
 * OK, so I've done that. I hope you're not too horrified with it all. I'll put in a page move request for the Ice dancing page next and see what happens. Rodney Baggins (talk) 17:18, 17 July 2018 (UTC)

And I just beat you to it, despite being confused about where we're discussing things. Yikes, sorry about that. No, I'm good with your changes. I'm also good with going ahead and replacing the new content, but I'll wait until your okay. ;) Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 17:40, 17 July 2018 (UTC)

Request for advice/direction
Hey Ice dance fans:

So the ISU renamed the Short dance to the Rhythm dance, effective this season, 2018-2019. I wanted some advice and/or direction about how to reflect that in the Competition segments section. My understanding is that it's just a re-name, not an entirely new dance like when they changed the CD and OD to the SK and FD. Here are some possible options:
 * We can change the Short dance segment title to Rhythm dance. The problem with that is the sources all refer to it as the SD, although the required elements are the same with the re-name.
 * Place the SD section into the Discontinued segments and add a new RD section, stating that the RD and the SD are the same. The problem with that is that the SD isn't a discontinued segment; its name is just different now.
 * Keep the segments as-is, but explain that the SD and the RD are the same. Perhaps we can rename the section "Short/Rhythm dance".
 * Other options anyone can think of.

I'm leaning towards keeping the segments as-is. There has been a new article created, Rhythm dance, which was a good idea because the yearly Required elements can go there. Please advise. Thanks. Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 17:31, 8 August 2018 (UTC)

 * Hi Christine, I swear the ISU keep making these changes just to annoy us and make life difficult! Assuming that the new rhythm dance is the same as the short dance (just a name change), then I would say keep the short dance section the same as it is, but maybe just rename it like you suggested. I would leave the text alone but add a sentence at the end along the lines of: "In the 2018-19 season, the short dance came to be known as the "rhythm dance", but the structure and rules for this competition segment remained essentially the same." The intro will probably also need a sentence at the end saying "In 2018, the short dance (SD) was renamed the rhythm dance (RD); the ice dance competition format therefore now incorporates the two segments RD and FD." The chances are the ISU will change their minds again next season anyway, they seem to be extremely fickle!
 * On the subject of the SD, have you noticed the errant  {{refn|group=note|  in a couple of places in the text that need sorting out? Also, I hope you don't mind I've been copyediting the OD again after taking a break from it, and I'll move on to the SD next anyway. Rodney Baggins (talk) 23:22, 11 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Hey Rodney, just saw this. Yah, don't the good people at the ISU know we have WP articles to maintain!  It makes me wonder; do other sports go through so many rule changes?  I think your suggestions are sound; I'll make the changes shortly.  I just looked, and added back the missing back ellipses.  I appreciate the copyediting assistance.  I assume that you're a figure skater, and I am not, so there needs to be someone like you going behind me and making sure the language is right.  I learned a new referencing trick last week; I was going to just let the articles stand, but I'm going to use it, anyway.  Then I'll tackle the History section of this article, even though I've been avoiding it for the past half-week.  I need more resources to do it justice, but in the meantime, I'll clean up the sources and do a copyedit/re-write. Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 22:33, 13 August 2018 (UTC)

Equipment section
Everyone, I just removed this section because I couldn't find any sources about ice dance equipment (skates). If any of you skaters out there has information about the kind of skates and other equipment ice dancers use, please let us know so we can put the information back in again. Thanks. Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 02:20, 22 August 2018 (UTC)

 * Hi I'm a skater and trained in ice dance as a kid. There are dance specific figure blades made by the major skate blade companies. They have a shorter heel, which allows for close footwork and intricate ice dance steps, reducing the risk of the blades clashing with each other in such. There's an article on ThoughCo that has a short passage that notes the shorter dance blade but doesn't give the reason. It notes that a longer blade helps landing jumps so is not a good choice for free or pairs skaters (ice dancers jump but not those really big jumps!). If you zoom in on the article picture you can see this ice dance couple using that shorter blade, notice it stops at the boot heel. By contrast, if you zoom in on the picture of Caroline Pere in the article on Single Skating, you'll notice the blade goes way past the heel of her boot.

 * Likewise, John Wilson and MK skate companies have dance specific versions of thier blades across their ranges. There may be other technical design differences that tailor a blade to dance or free & pairs skating. I hope this helps.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by CurvyEdges (talk • contribs) 18:33, 16 November 2018 (UTC)

 * thanks for that info, it's very interesting. Would you mind pointing me to the ThoughtCo article you mention, and provide the URL?  We can't really add anything that's not cited; see WP:WHYCITE.  We also need to make sure the sources we use are reliable; see WP:RS.  That's why I deleted the section in the first place, because it had no sources. Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 22:25, 17 November 2018 (UTC)

Update and next questions
So I've gotten really far in the improvement of this article. All that needs to be done is to improve the intro, and then some general improvements. I've removed the lack of references tag, because it's no longer true. I think that we should submit it to GAN and then to FAC.

I have a couple of questions I'd like to throw out there to the general community:
 * How are the images? Are they appropriate, and are there others we can add?
 * Is this article comprehensive enough? Is there content that needs to added that's currently missing?  Do we need additional sections?
 * This is the most important question I have: how specific should we be? For example, Pair skating is very specific in its "Accidents" section, citing specific examples.  The problem is see with that is that it can become a trivia list of accidents, and they tend to be contemporary to the writing of the section.  If we were to get as specific about costume malfunctions and falls in this article, I can see the same thing happening.  On the other hand, it may be a good thing to include examples (with reliable sources like this about the most recent Olympics ) because it gives readers specific examples of what's being described.  What does everyone think?

Perhaps once this article goes through some vetting and reviews, we'll get some of the answers from outsiders and non-fans. But I thought I'd throw it out here, much like a triple throw done without a mishap. ;) Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 23:35, 2 September 2018 (UTC)

Segments
on original dance page it says The original dance (OD) was added to ice dance competitions in 1967, when it became a replacement for one of the two compulsory dances.  Compulsory dance segment was (I guess) one of those compulsory dances, until it was removed in 2010. Which is the second that was replaced in 1967? Haven't found it in the article. 213.149.51.93 (talk) 19:29, 25 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Perhaps the wording isn't clear enough. The inference from the sources is that up to 1967, there were two CDs in competition; afterwards, there was only one, and the OD was added.  I'll go and tighten up the prose now.  Thanks for the question; it always helps to get feedback to help clarify the content of an article. Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 20:03, 25 January 2019 (UTC)}}

title: Talk:Ice dance


text:
Krisse Salminen

Krisse Salminen (born Heidi Kristiina Salminen; 28 May 1976) is a Finnish stand-up comedian and television talkshow hostess. She is the daughter of game show host Reijo Salminen. Her shtick is to present herself as a cow-eyed and stuck-up, self-centered blonde girly girl, speaking an exaggerated, urban, Helsinki-style nasal accent. She is one of the central figures of the burgeoning Finnish stand-up scene.

She made an appearance in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 as a guest host and green room reporter. She has had TV shows called Krisse Show and Krisse Road Show. She appeared on the 2012 series of Tanssii tähtien kanssa, the Finnish version of Strictly Come Dancing, with professional partner Matti Puro. She just won with 57% of the vote.

Awards

 * Telvis (2003): Best TV actress
 * Venla (2003): Best performer
 * Telvis (2004): Best TV actress
 * Telvis (2005): Best TV actress

TV series

 * Krisse (2004–2005)
 * Krisse Show (2006–2007)
 * Krisse Road Show (2007)
 * Röyhkeä diplomaatti (2007)
 * Ne Salmiset (2009–2010)
 * Krissen vaaligrilli (2011–)
 * YleLeaks (2013)

Films

 * Robots (2005) (Finnish voice of Piper)
 * Keisarin salaisuus (2006) (voice)
 * Shrek the Third (2007) (Finnish voice of Snow White)
 * Toy Story 3 (2010) (Finnish voice of Barbie)

title: Krisse Salminen


text:
Aero Virgin Islands

Aero Virgin Islands was an airline based in St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands.

History
Aero Virgin Islands Corp. began operating in the Caribbean during the late 1970s. Operations specifications issued by the Federal Aviation Administration under the Federal Aviation Regulations, part 121 issued on March 2, 1977, specialized in inter-island flights to and from St. Thomas Harry S Truman Airport, Alexander Hamilton Airport on Saint Croix and Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The names of some of these airports have been changed over the years. The airline had scheduled flights to the three above Islands, plus charter flights to many points in the Caribbean. The airline used DC-3-202 airplanes in the early years for their flights. Around 1984, they began using the DC-3 A, B and C's (C-47). The aircraft, DC-3 A, B and C's were leased out of Puerto Rico and were formally Air BVI's fleet of aircraft.

Aero Virgin Islands' main competitor was the Puerto Rico based airline, Prinair, until 1984, when Prinair went bankrupt. Aero Virgin Islands was the major mover of passengers for the next few years. However, by middle 1989, most of the fleet was nonoperational with no engines on the aircraft. In September 1989, with only two DC-3 operating, Aero Virgin Islands suffered a setback when N28346 was destroyed in St. Thomas Cyril E. King Airport by Hurricane Hugo. Only the N5117X DC-3 (C-47) was able to be repaired of the damage it suffered during the hurricane and returned to service; it had been put in the hangar at Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport. The rest of the fleet outside on the ramp in San Juan Int'l Airport were totally destroyed by Hurricane Hugo.

In 1986, Aero Virgin Islands Corp. recruited four pilots with DC-3 experience to fly for the airline while they tried unsuccessfully to upgrade their FAA part 135 certificate back to a part 121 certificate and place a Martin 404 on the certificate. The four pilots would be used to offset other pilots who were to be pulled off the line to train on the 404, which they did get. Mr. Peter Pess and Mr. James Beekman were unsuccessful in transitioning Aero Virgin Islands back to be the flag carrier of the Caribbean. Mr. Pess was supposed to supply engines for the DC-3s. Increased competition from such airlines as LIAT, and American Eagle forced Aero Virgin Islands out of operations by 1990.

Key people
Joseph A. Cranston is listed as general manager in the manual issued on March 21, 1978. Mark K. Odiorne was also one of founders, and he has since died. Mark was listed as vice president of maintenance. James H. Masters was director of operations in one the memos dated March 1980. He was born on the island of St. Croix and grew up on that island. For a short period of time during 1982–1983, Melvin R. Mann (formerly with Peat Marwick Mitchell CPAs in Miami) served as financial VP. Reuben B. Wheatley was the president of Aero Virgin Islands Corp. from the beginning to the end of the airline.

Fleet

 * Douglas DC-3

Accidents and incidents

 * On January 2, 1978, Douglas DC-3 N15598 ditched in the sea 1000 ft off San Juan. The aircraft was on an international scheduled passenger flight from Saint Thomas Airport, United States Virgin Islands to San Juan. All five people on board survived. The cause of the accident was pilot mismanagement of the fuel system, running the starboard tanks dry when there was fuel available in the port tanks.

 * On September 17, 1989, Douglas DC-3 N4425N, Douglas C-47s N100SD, N4471J and N4577Z, were damaged beyond economic repair by Hurricane Hugo at Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan Puerto Rico. Douglas C-49J N28346 was damaged beyond economic repair at Cyril E. King Airport, Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands by Hurricane Hugo.

Livery
All cherry-red fuselage, with the name Aero Virgin Islands in black over the front passenger windows.

title: Aero Virgin Islands


text:
Timetable (disambiguation)

A timetable is a kind of schedule that sets out times at which specific events are intended to occur. It may also refer to:

 * School timetable, a table for coordinating students, teachers, rooms, and other resources
 * Time horizon, a fixed point of time in the future at which point certain processes will be evaluated or assumed to end
 * Timeline, a project artifact. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labeled with dates alongside itself and (usually) events labeled on points where they would have happened. It is used to show events along a period of time
 * "Time Table", a track on the 1972 album Foxtrot, by English progressive rock band Genesis
 * Time Table (film), a 1956 American black-and-white crime film noir

Transport

 * Airline timetable, booklets that many airlines worldwide use to inform passengers of several different things, such as schedules, fleet, security, in-flight entertainment, food menu, restriction and phone contact information
 * Public transport timetable, a listing of the times that public transport services arrive and depart specified locations
 * Timetable and train order, a method of railroad traffic control

title: Timetable (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:List of women composers by birth date

Comments
Shouldn't it be "female" composers? Maybe some young people (i.e. Mozart) composed. Dmsar 00:05 26 Jul 2003 (UTC)

also, BTW, shouln't this be classical? Because there are a lot of popular women who write and compose songs, i.e. Meredith Brooks, Sara MacClaughlin... Dmsar 00:07 26 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I agree it should be "female". I'm not sure about "classical" - people who just write songs are normally called "songwriters", aren't they? Anyway, I'll move this to List of female composers, and if you want to move it somewhere else with "classical" in the title, feel free. --Camembert

 * Actually, as the article itself says "classical", I guess it would make sense to put that in the title (I didn't like it because it could be said to exclude film composers, for example). Anyway, as I say, I'll leave it to you (or somebody else). --Camembert

Don't leave it to me... everytime I try to move something I either piss people off or screw it up. haha. Dmsar 10:09 26 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * i disagree! both terms are possible, but they do have different connotations! (speaking from a women's studies perspective) i feel that the term "female composers" puts undue emphasis on the women's physical sex (and/or gender identity) and obscures the real reason "women composers" were so rare (back in those days): because of sexism, socially and professionally. who knows if maybe some women were really intersexed? or if some men secretly cross-dressed? it doesn't matter! as feminists, we admire these historical "women composers" not for being female per se, but because they were able to overcome societal hurdles, and pave the way for future women musicians/composers. bethchen 2006.0214.1526 (EST)

Source on Anne Boleyn if anyone is curious: Historical Anthology of Music by Women (ISBN 0253212960), Indiana University Press, 1986. Antandrus 17:28, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I notice that someone removed Anne Boleyn; I put her back. She appears with one composition in the anthology listed above, and listed under "references" in the article; while no autograph manuscript of the piece remains, I believe the attribution is reliable enough to allow her a place on the list.  The piece in question "O Deathe, rock me asleepe" was written while she was awaiting execution in the Tower of London. Antandrus  (talk) 17:07, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I have attempted to add Bianca Maria Meda to the list of 17th century female composers, however Wiki is bizarrely not accepting the edit. Is there a possibility that someone else could add her to the list? She composed a set of motets in 1691. Couperin clavecin (talk) 03:46, 1 May 2022 (UTC)

Category:Women composers
Wouldn't this list be redundant if Category:Women composers were populated? Karol 12:30, Jun 26, 2005 (UTC) P.S.: I just ran through this list, and there seems to be alot of duplicates... for instance, Fanny Mendelssohn is there twice.

 * No: lists are not the same as categories.  For one thing, you cannot put redlinks in a category, and you need redlinks to know which entries still need to be written.  Also you cannot annotate a category (for example, include the birth and death dates).  Antandrus  (talk)  14:38, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Ha! Antandrus, duplication of effort; see Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Composers. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 14:43, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

OK... case closed :) Thanks for pointing out the distance. Refer also to discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Composers. I've added the list to the category, hope that's right. Karol 15:33, Jun 26, 2005 (UTC)

A Bigger List
I've just been "exploring" New Grove, and I've figured out they have a list of women composers, which currently has 578 articles in it. So that's something to aim for. I'm working on it. Mak emi 06:14, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

Troubadours / Trouvères / Trobairitz
I'm guessing no one is actually watching this, but what would people think of one article, which would list and give info for all of the female troubadours. There's just so little info which is still around, I think it's worthwhile, but after having added a couple articles on these women, I think almost more could be said if they were collapsed into one article. See, for instance: Azalais de Porcairagues, Castelloza,Comtessa de Dia. Mak emi 06:14, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I think you could do that. It would be an interesting article.  (I usually make articles for individual composers, but when you have only one line's worth of information on each of ten composers who can otherwise be grouped together, why not?) Antandrus  (talk) 06:17, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Cool, I'll work on it later, and hopefully get some larger background (larger societal mvmt. etc.), and link it from the Troubadour page. Hey! I might even get to list my dad's book as a source :) Mak emi 06:24, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * hey, that's a great idea! just make sure you don't conflate the women troubadours and women trouvères (official term: "trobairitz"). bethchen 2006.0214.1456 (EST)
 * Sorry, I'm a little confused. According to what I've read so far, trobairitz is the term for a woman troubadour, not a a woman trouvere (although I haven't looked into the latter yet). Mak emi 21:56, 14 February 2006 (UTC) ps. a beginning at User:Makemi/Workspace

 * oops! you're right! (see how easy it is to get them mixed up?) in any case, there is currently no wikipedia page for "trobairitz". bethchen 2006.0214.2100 (EST)

Alright, it took me a while but I have now created the page Trobairitz. It still needs some work, but at least it's there. If anyone comes across info on another trobairitz, I encourage you to toss it on in there. Mak emi 04:29, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

Bigger List
took from main page - otherwise we'll have a boatload of red links

Note: These women all have CD recordings of their music, listed in the WorldCat database.

 * (0810-0867) Kassia/Kassiane
 * (1098-1197) St Hildegard von Bingen
 * (1140-1173) Azalais de Porcairagues
 * (1150?-1200?) Na Carenza
 * (1150?-1200?) N'Alais
 * (1150?-1200?) N'Iselda
 * (1160-1212) Comtessa Beatriz de Día
 * (1175?-1225?) Marie de France
 * (1175?-1225?) Na Castelloza
 * (1188-1252) Queen Blanche de Castille
 * (1193-1229) Condesa de Provenza/Proensa Garsenda
 * (1200?-1250?) (Anonymous)
 * (1200?-1250?) Beatriz de Romans
 * (1200?-1250?) Iseut de Capio
 * (1200?-1250?) Almuc de Castelnau
 * (1200?-1300?) (Las Huelgas Codex)
 * (1250?-1300?) (Anonymous)
 * (1250?-1300?) Maroie de Dregnau/Diergnau de Lille
 * (1250?-1300?) Dame Margot
 * (1300?-1350?) (Anonymous)
 * (1350?-1400?) (Anonymous)
 * (1350?-1400?) Daughter of Ioannes Kladas
 * (1400?-1450?) (Anonymous)
 * (1480-1530?) Margaret/Marguerite von Österreich
 * (1500?-1550?) Sor Gracia Baptista
 * (1507-1536) Anne Boleyn
 * (1530-1600?) Teodora Gines
 * (1540-1590) Maddalena Casulana de Mezarii
 * (1550?-1600?) Contessa Maria Paterina
 * (1550?-1600?) Susanna/Susanne van Soldt
 * (1570-1610) Caterina Assandra
 * (1575-16200 Vittoria Aleotti
 * (1584-1655) Anna Ovena Hoijer/Hoyers
 * (1587-1645) Francesca Caccini
 * (1590-1662) Lucrezia Orsina Vizzana
 * (1600?-1650?) Jane Pickering
 * (1600?-1650?) Lady Killigrew
 * (1602-1678) Chiara Margarita Cozzolani
 * (1619-1677) Barbara Strozzi
 * (1620-1704) Isabella Leonarda
 * (1629-1704) Lady Mary Harvey Dering
 * (1643-1715) Antonia Bembo
 * (1648-1695) Sor Juana de Asbaje Inés de la Cruz
 * (1650?-1700?) Anonymous
 * (1650?-1700?) Lupe Ortiz
 * (1650?-1700?) Maria Joachina Rodrigues
 * (1652-1709) Maria Xaveria Peruchona
 * (1660-1715) Rosa Giacinta Badalla
 * (1665-1700?) Bianca Maria Meda
 * (1665-1729) Elisabeth Claude Jacquet de la Guerre
 * (1675?-1725?) Camilla de Rossi
 * (1675?-1725?) Maria Margherita Grimani
 * (1700?-1750?) A Lady
 * (1700?-1750?) Mrs Philharmonica
 * (1704-1769) Louise Duval
 * (1723-1787) Anna Amalia, Princess of Prussia
 * (1724-1780) Maria Antonia Walpurgis
 * (1725-1784) Elizabeth Turner
 * (1731-1765) Elisabetta de Gambarini
 * (1738-1767) Anna Bon di Venezia
 * (1739-1807) Anna Amalia, Duchess of Sachsen Weimar
 * (1740-1828) Elisabeth Olin
 * (1744-1812) Marianna/Marianne Anna Catharina Martínes
 * (1745-1818) Maddalena Laura Lombardini Sirmen
 * (1749-1799) Maria Polly Young Barthélemon
 * (1750?-1784) Ekaterina Alexeievna Siniavina
 * (1750?-1800?) Elizabeth Hardin
 * (1750?-1800?) Miss L H of Liverpool
 * (1750?-1800?) Miss Steemson
 * (1750?-1800?) Advotia Ivanova
 * (1751-1802) Corona Elisabeth Wilhelmine Schröter
 * (1756-1791) Francesca/Franziska Dorothea Danzi Lebrun
 * (1759-1782) Marianna von Auenbrugger
 * (1759-1824) Maria Theresia von Paradis
 * (1760-1813) Maria Hester Reynolds Park
 * (1765?-1790?) Madame de Villeblanche
 * (1766-1831) Princess Natalia Ivanovna Golovina Kurakina
 * (1767-1859) Cecilia Maria Barthélemon
 * (1768-1800) Maria Margarethe Marchand Danzi
 * (1775-1847) Sophia Corri Dussek
 * (1779-1826) Louise (C. Luise) Reichardt
 * (1780-1840) Ekaterina Lykochina
 * (1782-1849) Elise Müller
 * (1785-1859) Elisabeth Brentano von Arnim (Bettine)
 * (1786-1820) Marie Kiéné Bigot de Morogues
 * (1789-1831) Maria Agata Wolowska Szymanowska
 * (1796-1835) Helene Riese Liebmann
 * (1799-1850?) Jeannette Bürde
 * (1804-1875) Jeanne Louise Dumont Farrenc
 * (1805-1847) Fanny Cäcilie Mendelssohn Hensel
 * (1808-1836) Maria Malibran
 * (1808-1877) Caroline Elizabeth Sarah Sheridan Norton
 * (1810-1858) Johanna Katharina Mockel Mathieux Kinkel
 * (1810-1900) Alicia Anne Spottiswoode Scott
 * (1812-1883) Emilie Mayer
 * (1815-1880) Josephine Lang
 * (1819-1895) Elizabeth Stirling
 * (1819-1896) Clara Josephine Wieck Schumann
 * (1821-1910) Michelle Ferdinande Pauline García Viardot
 * (1825-1877) Mary Ann Virginia Gabriel
 * (1825?-1875?) Renée Eldèse
 * (1835-1903) Amelia Lehmann
 * (1830-1908) Marie Félicie Clémence de Reiset Grandval
 * (1839-1927) Laura Pistolekors Netzel (Lago)
 * (1841-1919) Louise Pauline Marie Viardot Héritte
 * (1841-1929) Elfrida Andrée
 * (1844-1931) Clara Kathleen Rodgers
 * (1846-1918) Sophie Menter
 * (1847-1903) Augusta Mary Anne Holmès
 * (1847-1907) Agathe Backer Grøndahl
 * (1850-1927) Luise Adolpha Le Beau
 * (1850?-1900?) Sarah Lancaster
 * (1851-1944) Annie Fortescue Harrison
 * (1853-1894) Amanda Maier Röntgen
 * (1853-1917) Maria Teresa Carreño
 * (1855-1933) Kate Vannah
 * (1855-1937) Maude Valérie White
 * (1856-1930) Eva Dell'Acqua
 * (1857-1944) Cécile Louise Stéphanie Chaminade
 * (1857-1944) Mary Knight Wood
 * (1858-1936) Helen Guy Rhodes (d'Hardelot)
 * (1858-1937) Mélanie Bonis
 * (1858-1944) Dame Ethel Mary Smyth
 * (1860-1919) Amelia Ward Woodforde Finden (Amy)
 * (1860-1928) Valborg Aulin
 * (1862-1918) Elisabetha Nina Mary Frederica Lehmann (Liza)
 * (1862-1946) Carrie Minetta Jacobs Bond
 * (1864-1942) Eleanor Everest Freer
 * (1864-1943) Alice Tegnér
 * (1866-1946) Florence Newell Barbour
 * (1867-1944) Amy Marcy Cheney Beach
 * (1867-1971) Margaret Ruthven Lang
 * (1871-1950?) Estelle D Ricketts
 * (1871-1955) Jane Vieu (Pierre Valette)
 * (1872-1948) Clara Faisst
 * (1875-1956) Henriette Renié
 * (1876-1968) Teresa del Riego
 * (1877-1964) Imogene Giles
 * (1877-1960) Fay Foster
 * (1879-1932) Irene Regine Wieniawska (Poldowski)
 * (1879-1961) Johanna Senfter
 * (1879-1964) Alma Maria Schindler Mahler Werfel
 * (1880-1972) Clara Gerlich Edwards (a.k.a. Bernard Haig)
 * (1881-1947) Fannie Charles Dillon
 * (1882-1955) Marion Eugenie Bauer
 * (1882-1964) Mary Carlisle Howe
 * (1883-1950) Adaline Shepherd
 * (1883-1956) Geraldine Dobyns
 * (1884-1956) Mary Hannah Dickson Brahe
 * (1885-1974) Nora Douglas Holt
 * (1885-1979) Charlotte Blake
 * (1886-1961) Eugenia Scarpa (Geni Sadero)
 * (1886-1968) Julia Lee Niebergall
 * (1886-1979) Rebecca Clarke
 * (1887-1953) Florence Beatrice Smith Price
 * (1887-1958) Lily Teresa Strickland
 * (1887-1979) Nadia Juliëtte Boulanger
 * (1884-1981) Gisella Augusta Zuckermann Cassel (Mana Zucca)
 * (1888-1944) Johanna Magdalena Beyer
 * (1888-1949) Rosaly Marie Wertheim
 * (1888-1970) Marian I Davis Ginsberg
 * (1888-1970) Irene Cozad
 * (1888-1972) May Frances Aufderheide
 * (1888-1974) Irene M Giblin
 * (1888-1982) Camille Nickerson
 * (1888-1986) Ilse Fromm Michaels
 * (1889-1979) Carol Robinson
 * (1890-1951) Kathleen Lockhart Manning
 * (1890-1984) Mary Baugh Watson
 * (1891-1957) Gladys Yelvington
 * (1892-1972) Gladys Rich
 * (1892-1980) Katherine K Davis
 * (1892-1983) Germaine Tailleferre
 * (1892-1986) Mirrie Hill
 * (1893-1918) Juliëtte Marie Olga Boulanger (Lili)
 * (1894-1982) Edna Frida Pietsch
 * (1894-1987) Iris de Cairos Rego
 * (1896-1966) Lucie Vellère
 * (1896-1975) Evangeline Lehman
 * (1897-1984) Margaret Sutherland
 * (1899-1950?) Gladys Mary Sheldon
 * (1899-1974) Sophie Carmen Friedman Gramatté Eckhardt
 * (1899-1982) Vally Pick Weigl
 * (1899-2001) Grete von Zieritz
 * (1895-1989) Mildred Lund Tyson (Mrs. Harold Canfield)
 * (1886-1953) Molly Carew (Mrs. Walter Heaton-Smith)
 * (1898-1989) Dorothy Hogben
 * (1901-1953) Ruth Porter Crawford Seeger
 * (1903-1944) Ilse Weber
 * (1903-1986) Priaulx Rainier
 * (1903-1990) Claude Arrieu
 * (1904-1988) Lillie M Jackson
 * (1904-1989) Undine Smith Moore
 * (1905-1987) Elizabeth Poston
 * (1906-1983) Elisabeth Lutyens
 * (1906-1996) Louise Talma
 * (1906-1996) Miriam Gideon
 * (1907-1994) Elizabeth Maconchy
 * (1908-2000) Jean Coulthard
 * (1908-2004) Zenobia Powell Perry
 * (1908-) Roberta Bitgood
 * (1909-1969) Grazyna Bacewicz
 * (1910-1999) Elsa Barraine
 * (1910-) Frances Roots Hadden
 * (1911-1987) Phyllis Margaret Duncan Tate
 * (1911-1989) Julia Smith
 * (1912-1990) Peggy Glanville Hicks
 * (1912-2000) Barbara Pentland
 * (1913-1972) Margaret Allison Bonds
 * (1913-2000) Violet Archer
 * (1913-2000) Vivian Fine
 * (1914-2005) Nancy Plummer Faxon
 * (1914-) Pauline Jackson Driggs
 * (1915-1940) Vítezslava Kaprálová
 * (1915-1973) Esther Williamson Ballou
 * (1915-1989) Eunice Katunda
 * (1916-1993) Erna Tauro
 * (1918-) Lynn Wainwright Palmer
 * (1919-) Galina Ivanovna Ustvolskaya
 * (1921-1968) Jeanne Marie Madeleine Demessieux
 * (1921-) Graciela Rivera
 * (1921-) Margaret Vardell Sandresky
 * (1922-) Ester Magi
 * (1922-) Jeanine Rueff
 * (1923-1977) Madeleine Dring
 * (1923-1978) Hariette Davison
 * (1923-) Jean Eichelberger Ivey
 * (1924-1979) Julia Amanda Perry
 * (1924-) Erzsébet Szönyi
 * (1924-) Ruth Schonthal
 * (1925-) Edith Borroff
 * (1925-) Gertrud Firnkees
 * (1925- Jeanne Ellison Shaffer
 * (1925-) Margaret Fairlie Kennedy
 * (1925-) Orpha Ochse
 * (1907-1999) Irene Britton Smith
 * (1922-) Rachel Eubanks
 * (1926-) Carmen Petra Basacopol
 * (1926-) Marga Richter
 * (1927-) Emma Lou Diemer
 * (1927-) Janet Maguire
 * (1927-) Margaret Garwood
 * (1927-) Mary Jeanne van Appledorn
 * (1928-1994) Betty Jackson King
 * (1928-) Elizabeth Bell
 * (1928-) Joyce Hope Suskind
 * (1928-) Thea Musgrave
 * (1928-) Ursula Mamlok
 * (1929-) Lena Johnson McLin
 * (1930-1994) Yardena Alotin
 * (1930-) Ann Silsbee
 * (1930-) Nancy Van de Vate
 * (1930-) Ruth Lomon
 * (1931-2000) Lucia Dlugoszewski
 * (1931-) Felicia Donceanu
 * (1931-) Sofia Asgatovna Gubaidulina
 * (1932-1996) Tera de Marez Oyens
 * (1932-) Elizabeth Lauer
 * (1933-) Ida Rose Esther Gotkovsky
 * (1935-) Valerie Capers
 * (1936-) Barbara Heller Reinchenbach
 * (1936-) Margaret Shelton Meier
 * (1936-) Vivian Adelberg Rudow
 * (1937-) Katherine Hoover
 * (1938-) Barbara Niewiadomska
 * (1938-) Dianne Goolkasian Rahbee
 * (1938-) Elizabeth R Scheidel Austin
 * (1938-) Gloria Coates
 * (1938-) Joan Tower
 * (1939-) Annea Lockwood
 * (1939-) Barbara Kolb
 * (1939-) Elinor Armer
 * (1939-) Ellen Taaffe Zwilich
 * (1939-) Jennifer Fowler
 * (1940-) Dorothy Rudd Moore
 * (1940-) Eleanor Hovda
 * (1940-) Marica Penney Preston
 * (1941-2002) Kay Gardner
 * (1941-) Elizabeth Walton Vercoe
 * (1941-) Jeraldine Saunders Herbison
 * (1942-) Diane Thome
 * (1942-) Meredith Monk
 * (1943-) Eleanor Cory
 * (1940-) Lucy Simon
 * (1943-) Tania León
 * (1944-) Alison Bauld
 * (1944-) Rhian Aberdare Samuel
 * (1944-) Silvia Sommer
 * (1945-) Donna Kelly Eastman
 * (1945-) Judith Lang Zaimont
 * (1945-) Victoria Bond
 * (1946-) Barbara Harbach
 * (1946-) Marilyn Shrude
 * (1946-) Sheila Silver
 * (1946-) Susan Hurley
 * (1947-) Faye Ellen Silverman
 * (1947-) Gwyneth V Walker
 * (1947-) Hilary Tann
 * (1948-) Kristan Aspen
 * (1949-) Alexina Louie
 * (1949-) Ann Callaway
 * (1949-) Eleanor Alberga
 * (1949-) Jane Brockman
 * (1949-) Judith Shatin
 * (1949-) Mary Jane Leach
 * (1949-) Maxine Warshauer
 * (1949-) Odaline de la Martinez
 * (1949-) Shulamit Ran
 * (1950-) Libby Larsen
 * (1950-) Teresa Marie Ranaletta Guanciale Bogner Edel (Therese Edell)
 * (1950-) Elena Firsova
 * (1950?-) (Billy Tipton Memorial Saxophone Quartet)
 * (1961-) Amy Denio
 * (1950?-) Barbara Poulshock
 * (1952-) Bunita Marcus
 * (1950?-) Cathy Travers
 * (1950?-) Cheryl Ann Fulton
 * (1950?-) Christina Harmon
 * (1950?-) Dolores White
 * (1950?-) Eliza Gilkyson
 * (1950?-) Elizabeth C Brown
 * (1932-) Jacqueline Butler Hairston
 * (1950?-) Jessica Lurie
 * (1950?-) Joyce Todd McBride
 * (1950?-) Kathy Fire
 * (1950?-) Kay Kellogg
 * (1960-) Laura Greenberg
 * (1951-) Lois V Vierk
 * (1940-) Margaret Brouwer
 * (1957-) Mary Ellen Childs
 * (1950?-) Melina Maxwell
 * (1950?-) Merryl Ruth Goldberg
 * (1950?-) Nancy Ford
 * (1950?-) Robin Holcomb
 * (1950?-) Sharon J Willis
 * (1962-) Victoria Jordanova
 * (1937-) Keiko Abe
 * (1951-) Anneli Arho
 * (1951-) Janna MacAuslan
 * (1951-) Marjorie Merryman
 * (1951-) Nancy Galbraith
 * (1952-) Dorothee Eberhardt
 * (1952-) Kaija Anneli Laakkonen Saariaho
 * (1952-) Nurit Tilles
 * (1952-) Tina Davidson
 * (1953-) Evelyn Simpson Curenton
 * (1953-) Lettie Beckon Alston
 * (1953-) Susan Blaustein
 * (1953-) Theresa Clark
 * (1953-) Violeta Dinescu
 * (1953-) Chen Yi
 * (1954-) Cynthia Folio
 * (1954-) Judith Weir
 * (1955-) Elisenda Fábregas
 * (1955-) Kathryn Alexander
 * (1955-) Sarah Aderholdt
 * (1955-) Sheree Clément
 * (1956-) Akemi Naito
 * (1956-) Laura Kaminsky
 * (1956-) Marjorie Hess
 * (1956-) Michelle Ekizian
 * (1956-) Paula M Kimper
 * (1956-) Regina Harris Baiocchi
 * (1957-) Geri Allen
 * (1957-) Linda Bouchard
 * (1957-) Marilyn Lerner
 * (1957-) Karin Rehnqvist
 * (1958-) Julia Wolfe
 * (1958-) Juliana Hall
 * (1959-) Marti Epstein
 * (1960-) Mary C Wright
 * (1950-) Dorothy J Papadakos
 * (1961-) Cindy Annice Cox
 * (1961-) Shira Kammen
 * (1961-) Stefania de Kenessey
 * (1962-) Diana Arismendi
 * (1962-) Jennifer Higdon
 * (1962-) Serra Miyeun Hwang
 * (1963-) Elena Butuzova
 * (1964-) Sarah Peebles
 * (1964-) Augusta Read Thomas
 * (1965-) Anna Weesner
 * (1966-) Dorothy Elliston Hindman
 * (1970-) Molly Thompson
 * (1972-) Linda Antas

 * Huh, I must have been distracted when this happened - I think it makes sense for this list to have redlinks. That's part of why we have lists, as opposed to categories. Well, I've re-added a bunch of these names, and will probably add more. I think we should include every woman composer who is sufficiently notable to have a WP article on her on this list. Mak (talk)  02:13, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Absolutely. Redlinks are good.  They are how the encyclopedia grows.  Otherwise how will we know what is missing?  On lists, redlinks are not only good, they're essential.  Antandrus  (talk) 02:20, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

birth/deathdates for a few redlinked composers born around 1904
confirms (if it is confirmation) that Martha Alter died in 1976, perhaps confirmed further by. For Andrée Bonhomme (Dec 1 1905-Mar 1 1982), this site. For Dinorá de Carvalho (relative of Eleazar de Carvalho?) "Brainyhistory" does claim June 1 1905 but as ever I have no clue where they get their information. this site agrees 1903-2000 for Rhoda Coghill. Avril Coleridge-Taylor, daughter of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, died 1998 according to British Library this link. Schissel | Sound the Note! 22:35, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks Schissel. I actually meant in general those who were born very early in this century but who didn't have death dates, but that's also useful. Mak (talk)  01:33, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

List organisation
I'm working on putting this list in birth order, and it occurs to me that this might be a more informative way for this list to be organised. Any thoughts? If there are no objections, I'll probably cut and paste it over from my userspace once I'm done (it's taking a surprisingly long time). Mak (talk)  01:33, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

bettina brentano b.1785
she is in red on the page but she has a wiki page as Bettina Brentano von Arnim.

can someone fix this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.22.213.76 (talk • contribs)
 * Why not be bold and fix it yourself? ♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ 16:09, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Because making redirects is confusing? I'll do it, although 69.22. is welcome to make such changes in the future. Mak (talk)  17:21, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

Red links or not ?
Hello,

I added recently several female composers in the article "list of female composers". But of course, Wikipedia don't have articles about all of them, so there was some red links. And a user named Epeefleche has deleted all the red link names. But according to me, a list (instead of a category) must repertory ALL the names (even the female composers without article on wikipedia). So do I repertory the "red-linked-names", do I delete them, or do I add an external links toward an internet site which has an article for each name ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.243.236.99 (talk) 10:25, 11 September 2011 (UTC)
 * The general rule is that if an article COULD be made, it's allowed. Having a ref toward the notability -- emphatically NOT a direct link -- would not be a bad thing as a temporary measure. It has to be a reliable source establishing notability. But if there's no way a person could have an article that wouldn't be deleted, then they should not be added. ♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ (talk) 13:48, 11 September 2011 (UTC)
 * The specific rule, for lists of people, is not what you indicate. Please see below.--Epeefleche (talk) 00:35, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

For some female composers, there are Wikipedia articles about them only on other languages than English. These composers have significiance as there are articles about them on Wikipedia. But Wikipedia-user Deskford has deleted all the names of the list which haven't articles in English (but which have articles in other languages). Why delete these names ? If in each language wikipedists keep only names which have a Wikipedia article in the corresponding language, so there will be an important proportion of French persons in the lists in French language, German persons in the lists in German language, etc. That seems silly, right ? So I think we must keep in the list all the names which have Wikipedia articles about them (in any language).User:JonathanRobrick (talk)
 * Please see WP:LISTPEOPLE -- the guideline pointed to in the relevant edit summaries. For a list of people, you are required to have either a wp article, or appropriate refs reflecting both the person's notability and that the person is a member of the list.--Epeefleche (talk) 00:35, 12 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Every language Wikipedia establishes its own notability guidelines. Some are more strict than we are (German, for example); others less.  We should determine whether or not a redlinked name can stay based on our own notability guideline (links to it provided above). Antandrus  (talk) 14:11, 28 December 2011 (UTC)
 * More information would be helpful. For example, do the articles on other wikis have RS-backed info that reflects both the notability of the person per eng wp standards, and that they are female composers, their birth dates, etc., as is suggested by listing them on the list?--Epeefleche (talk) 22:29, 29 December 2011 (UTC)

Selection of notable composers to mention in the text
There are nine listed in the text. Although it is not said, it might be implied that these are the best women classical composers? At any rate there are other lists, which can be compared. Radio station WQXR, New York, posted on March 11, 2011 a list "Top 5 Women Composers": Clara Schumann 1819–1896, Fanny Mendelssohn 1805—1847, Amy Beach 1867–1944, Hildegard von Bingen 1098—1179, and Lili Boulanger 1893—1918. These five are all amongst the 9 of today. So far, so good.

The Kapralova Society website gives, besides a long list of female composers, a short list of 6, verbal "portraits of selected women composers", Clara S., Fanny M., Amy Beach, Ethel Smyth 1858-1894, and two composers of special interest to the Society, Agathe Backer-Grøndahl, and Vitĕzslava Kaprálová 1915—1940, whose short life gave rise to commemoration. Marlindale (talk) 04:19, 5 May 2016 (UTC) Marlindale (talk) 04:27, 5 May 2016 (UTC) Marlindale (talk) 04:31, 5 May 2016 (UTC)

Also at the Kapralova Society site, a banner over the first page (accessed 5 May 2016) shows the following 12 women composers: Amy B., Lili Boulanger 1893—1918 (another life span about 25 years), Rebecca Clarke 1886—1979, Ruth Crawford Seeger 1901—1953, V. Kapralova, Elizabeth Maconchy 1907—1994,  Ester Mägi 1922—, Fanny M., Dora Pejacevic 1885—1923, Clara S., Ethel Smyth, and Germaine Tailleferre 1892—1983. Marlindale (talk) 17:16, 5 May 2016 (UTC

Another classical radio station, "Classic fM", evidently in the UK and possibly in London, has posted a list "The great women composers", accessed 4 May 2016. The list of 21 composers is chronological by date of birth. The composers on this and at least one of the above-mentioned lists (current text, WQXR, Kapralova Soc. two lists) are Hildegard, Fanny M., Clara S., Amy B., Rebecca Clarke, Germaine Tailleferre, Lili Boulanger, and Ethel Smyth. Marlindale (talk) 17:31, 5 May 2016 (UTC)

On the current list in the text, but not on any of the four lists mentioned in this Talk entry above, are the following four names: Nadia Boulanger 1887—1979, Imogen Holst 1907—1984 (daughter of the composer Gustav Holst), Violet Archer 1913—2000, and Thea Musgrave 1928—. Nadia Boulanger is highly notable as a teacher of composition, having had several leading composers among her students, for example Aaron Copland. Clara Schumann, who is on all the lists, is highly notable as a pianist.

I suggest omitting Holst, Archer, and Musgrave from the list of 9 in the text up until now, but I'll wait perhaps a week for reaction before acting. Nadia Boulanger seems a special case meriting special mention. Which names if any to add seems more complicated, I'll go into that in a separate edit. Marlindale (talk) 18:04, 5 May 2016 (UTC)

To be added to the list in the text, I suppose a composer should be on at least two of the other four lists, and not just on both Kapralova Society lists. I'll give specific names in due course and wait some time about a week before implementing. Marlindale (talk) 18:25, 5 May 2016 (UTC)

A name that could and I think should be added is Sofia Gubaidulina. She has won some 20 prizes for music, including the Polar Prize which seems to be a very high honor. She seems eminent not only among women composers but all composers. Marlindale (talk) 23:15, 5 May 2016 (UTC)

Picture caption: Clara Wieck?
It seems that "Clara Schumann" is shown at a young age when probably she was still Clara Wieck? Marlindale (talk) 21:06, 8 May 2016 (UTC) The same picture appears in the Clara Schumann article, there captioned "Clara Wieck, from an 1835 lithograph". So this was about 5 years before she married Robert. i'll see about changing the caption here. Marlindale (talk) 21:15, 8 May 2016 (UTC)

Sappho
Was Sappho technically a composer? She wrote lyric poetry " designed to be accompanied by music". Did she write this music? OTOH, back then little difference was made between poetry and music. Then again, the term mousike was used for all the arts associated with the Muses... Thoughts? Iadmc (Jubileeclipman) (talk) 03:24, 3 December 2016 (UTC)
 * This is a perennial problem. Sappho is "traditionally" credited with various musical accomplishments, but of course there is no surviving music by her. Not only that, but the "traditional" attributions are vague, unlikely, and non-contemporary. For example, Pseudo-Plutarch claims she invented the Mixolydian tonos, which is a fairly tall claim to start with. Add to this the fact that Pseudo-Plutarch is generally dated about a millenium after Sappho's time, and that he vaguely waves his hand at Aristoxenus as his authority, but there is nothing in the surviving Aristoxenian literature about this, and you have got a very large pile of horse feathers.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 03:44, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

Nothing is mentioned of this in her article... I'll see if can source it. Any pointers? Thanks for the info Iadmc (Jubileeclipman) (talk) 03:54, 3 December 2016 (UTC)
 * See the article Mixolydian mode for an even more second-hand (fourth-hand?) source for Pseudo-Plutarch.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 06:54, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

Thanks — Iadmc  ♫ talk 07:24, 3 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Ooh... my new sig looks quite nice! — Iadmc  ♫ talk 07:25, 3 December 2016 (UTC)
 * You'd better watch out. You can break your arm patting yourself on the back like that!—Jerome Kohl (talk) 07:35, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

A flounder(er) has no arms... Anyway: not sure in what sense this is "Sappho's" Wedding Hymn... but there it is. Also, this points out what we knew, that poetry was intended to be sung (as well as adding to the Mixolydian myth). Perhaps she did write the music as well—as opposed to expecting her poetry to be intoned/sung by skilled improvizers or to music composed by others. I need to look into this more. This was just a quick search. I won't quibble about her entry here until I get more evidence. Thanks for piquing my interest! — Iadmc  ♫ talk 09:23, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

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Nannerl
Can we just remove Maria Anna Mozart? It's far from certain she was a composer, and any compositions by her have been lost. You wouldn't mention a male musician with the same status (performer and possibly a composer but nobody knows what any of their pieces were like) on any list of composers. Can't we just limit this list to figures whose contributions to music can be assessed and who are actually known to have composed? Steinbach (talk) 11:57, 16 March 2024 (UTC)

 * Is it uncertain? We know a LOT about the life of the Mozart family from their letters. ♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ (talk) 12:14, 16 March 2024 (UTC)

 * I'll quote the article: "There is evidence that Marianne wrote musical compositions, as there are letters from Wolfgang praising her work, but the voluminous correspondence of her father never mentions any of her compositions, and none have survived." But even if you accept this to be certain, there's still the problem that her contributions to music hardly qualify her as a composer. That's my problem with this list: it contains many biographies that say "she was a princess who wrote poetry, some of which she set to music." This list combines full-fledged women composers and people who were known for other things but happen to have jotted down a few notes as well - or might have done so.
 * I consulted this list to look for women composers from the classical era, whose music I might include in a radio broadcast. It isn't very helpful when many links lead to people whose contributions to music turn out to very meagre. I expect a link on a list of composers (women or otherwise) to lead to ... a composer.
 * Oh, and by the way: I hold a MA degree in musicology. You don't need to teach me about the Mozart family correspondence. Steinbach (talk) 15:58, 16 March 2024 (UTC)


text:
User:ShaunOfTheLive

How did you stumble upon my page? Go away; there's nothing to see here.

Find out how to keep an idiot busy!

title: User:ShaunOfTheLive


text:
Hundred Schools of Thought

The Hundred Schools of Thought were philosophies and schools that flourished during the late Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period (c. 500 – 221 BC). The term was not used to describe these different philosophies until Confucianism, Mohism, and Legalism were created. The era in which they flourished was one of turbulence in China, fraught with chaos and mass militarization, but where Chinese philosophy was developed and patronized by competing bureaucracies. This phenomenon has been called the Contention of a Hundred Schools of Thought.

The philosophies that emerged during this period have profoundly influenced East Asian culture and societies. The intellectual landscape of this era was characterized by itinerant scholars, who were often employed by various state rulers as advisers on the way of government, war, and diplomacy. Often, members and traditions of the same school had little in common other than the same influential figure that their beliefs were based on. This period ended with the rise of the imperial Qin dynasty and the subsequent burning of books and burying of scholars as part of an ideological suppression effort by Qin Shi Huang and Li Si.

In the Records of the Grand Historian
A traditional source for this period is the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian. Its autobiographical section describes several schools of thought.

Confucianism
Confucianism is arguably the most enduring body of thought on Chinese life. Its written legacy lies in the Confucian classics, which later became the foundation of traditional society. Confucius (551–479 BC) looked back to the earlier days of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties for an ideal sociopolitical order.

He believed that the only effective system of government necessitated prescribed relationships for each individual: "Let the ruler be a ruler and the subject a subject". He contended that a king must be virtuous in order to rule the state properly. To Confucius, the functions of government and social stratification were facts of life to be sustained by ethical values. His ideal human was the junzi, which is translated as 'gentleman' or 'superior person'.

Mencius (371–289 BC) formulated his teachings directly in response to Confucius. The effect of the combined work of Confucius, the codifier and interpreter of a system of relationships based on ethical behavior, and Mencius, the synthesizer and developer of applied Confucianist thought, was to provide traditional Chinese society with a comprehensive framework by which to order virtually every aspect of life.

There were many accretions to the body of Confucian thought, both immediately and over the millennia, from within and without the Confucian school. Interpretations adapted to contemporary society allowed for flexibility within Confucianism, while the fundamental system of modeled behavior from ancient texts formed its philosophical core.

Diametrically opposed to Mencius, in regards to human nature, was the interpretation of Xunzi (c. 300 – 237 BC), another Confucian follower. Xunzi preached that man is not innately good; he asserted that goodness is attainable only through training one's desires and conduct.

Legalism
Legalist doctrine was formulated by Li Kui, Shang Yang (d. 338 BC), Han Fei (d. 233 BC), and Li Si (d. 208 BC), who maintained that human nature was incorrigibly selfish; accordingly, the only way to preserve the social order was to impose discipline from above, and to see to a strict enforcement of laws. The Legalists exalted the state above all, seeking its prosperity and martial prowess over the welfare of the common people.

Legalism greatly influenced the philosophical basis for the imperial form of government. During the Han dynasty, the most practical elements of Confucianism and Legalism were taken to form a sort of synthesis, marking the creation of a new form of government that would remain largely intact until the late 19th century, with continuing influence into the present.

Taoism
Taoism developed into the second most significant stream of Chinese thought. Its formulation is often attributed to the legendary sage Laozi. The focus of Taoism is on the individual within the natural realm, rather than the individual within society. Accordingly, the goal of life for each individual is seeking to adjust oneself and adapting to the rhythm of nature (and the Fundamental) world, to follow the Way (Tao) of the universe, and to live in harmony.

In many ways the opposite of Confucian morality, Taoism was for many of its adherents a complement to their ordered daily lives. A scholar serving as an official could usually follow Confucian teachings, but in retirement might seek harmony with nature as a Taoist recluse. Politically, Taoism advocates for rule through inaction, and avoiding excessive interference.

Mohism
Mohism was developed by followers of Mozi (c. 470). Though the school did not survive through the Qin dynasty, Mohism was seen as a major rival of Confucianism in the period of the Hundred Schools of Thought. Its philosophy rested on the idea of : Mozi believed that "everyone is equal before heaven", and that people should seek to imitate heaven by engaging in the practice of collective love.

This is often translated and as 'universal love', which is misleading as Mozi believed that the essential problem of human ethics was an excess of partiality in compassion, not a deficit in compassion as such. His aim was to re-evaluate behavior, not emotions or attitudes. His epistemology can be regarded as primitive materialist empiricism. He believed that human cognition ought to be based on one's perceptions – one's sensory experiences, such as sight and hearing – instead of imagination or internal logic, elements founded on the human capacity for abstraction.

Mozi advocated frugality, condemning the Confucian emphasis on ritual and music, which he denounced as extravagant. He regarded offensive warfare as wasteful and advocated pacifism or at the most, defensive fortification. The achievement of social goals, according to Mozi, necessitated the unity of thought and action. His political philosophy bears a resemblance to divine-rule monarchy: the population ought always to obey its leaders, as its leaders ought always to follow the will of heaven.

Mohism might be argued to have elements of meritocracy: Mozi contended that rulers should appoint officials by virtue of their ability instead of their family connections. Although popular faith in Mohism had declined by the end of the Qin dynasty, its views are said to be strongly echoed in Legalist thought.

School of Naturalists
The School of Naturalists was a philosophy that synthesized the concepts of yin and yang and the Five Elements; Zou Yan is considered the founder of this school. His theory attempted to explain the universe in terms of basic forces in nature: the complementary agents of yin (dark, cold, wet, passive, contracting, negative) and yang (light, hot, dry, active, expanding, positive) and the Five Elements or Five Phases (water, fire, wood, metal, and earth).

In its early days, this theory was most strongly associated with the states of Yan and Qi. In later periods, these epistemological theories came to hold significance in both philosophy and popular belief. This school was absorbed into Taoism's alchemic and magical dimensions as well as into the Chinese medical framework. The earliest surviving recordings of this are in the Mawangdui Silk Texts and Huangdi Neijing.

School of Names
The School of Names grew out of Mohism, and focused on definitions and logic. It is said to have parallels with that of the Ancient Greek sophists or dialecticians. Its most notable member was Gongsun Long.

In the Book of Han
In addition to the above six major philosophical schools within the Hundred Schools of Thought, the "Yiwenzhi" of the Book of Han adds four more into the Ten Schools (十家; Shijia).

Agriculturalism
Agriculturalism was an early agrarian social and political philosophy that advocated peasant utopian communalism and egalitarianism. The philosophy is founded on the notion that human society originates with the development of agriculture, and societies are based upon "people's natural propensity to farm."

The Agriculturalists believed that the ideal government, modeled after the semi-mythical governance of Shennong, is led by a benevolent king, one who works alongside the people in tilling the fields. The Agriculturalist king is not paid by the government through its treasuries; his livelihood is derived from the profits he earns working in the fields, not his leadership.

Unlike the Confucians, the Agriculturalists did not believe in the division of labour, arguing instead that the economic policies of a country need to be based upon an egalitarian self sufficiency. The Agriculturalists supported price fixing, in which all similar goods, regardless of differences in quality and demand, are set at exactly the same, unchanging price. For example, Mencius once criticized its chief proponent Xu Xing for advocating that rulers should work in the fields with their subjects. One of Xu's students is quoted as having criticized the duke of Teng in a conversation with Mencius by saying:

"A worthy ruler feeds himself by ploughing side by side with the people, and rules while cooking his own meals. Now Teng on the contrary possesses granaries and treasuries, so the ruler is supporting himself by oppressing the people."

Syncretism
Syncretism integrated teachings from different schools; for instance, Lü Buwei found scholars from different schools to write a book called Lüshi Chunqiu cooperatively. This school tried to integrate the merits of various schools and avoid their perceived flaws. The Shizi (c. 330 BC) is the earliest textual example of the Syncretic School.

Unlisted schools
These schools were not listed in the Book of Han, but had substantial influence.

School of the Military
The School of the Military that often studied and discussed what westerners called the philosophy of war. Some of them studied warfare and strategy, others focused on kinds and skills of weapons. Sun Tzu and Sun Bin were influential leaders. Some of their famous works are The Art of War and Sun Bin's Art of War.

The Art of War ascribes supernatural elements to good generalship, such as the intertwining of the four seasons with Tian, which is also yin and yang.

Their theories later influenced China and East Asia more broadly. These classical texts have received great interest among contemporary interpreters, some of whom have applied it to military strategy, the martial arts, and modern business.

Yangism
Yangism was a form of ethical egoism founded by Yang Zhu. It was once widespread but fell to obscurity before the Han dynasty. Due to its stress on individualism, it influenced later generations of Taoists.

School of the Medical Skills
The School of the Medical Skills is a school which studied medicine and health. Bian Que and Qibo were well-known scholars. Two of the earliest and existing Chinese medical works are the Huangdi Neijing and the Han-era Shanghan Lun.

Five Agents School
The Five Agents School was another predecessor to the School of Naturalists (or the School of Yin-yang), which incorporated its ideas.

"The Five Agents schooled viewed five primal elements as active cosmic agents engaged in interaction and change." These five elements were the wuxing, a force that "integrated life and the universe."

title: Hundred Schools of Thought


text:
Ali Wentworth

Alexandra "Ali" Wentworth (born January 12, 1965) is an American actress, comedian, author, and producer.

Early life
Wentworth's mother, Muffie Cabot (née Mabel Bryant Hobart), was Nancy Reagan's White House social secretary from 1981 to 1983. Her father, Eric Wentworth, was a reporter for The Washington Post. Her stepfather, Henry Brandon, was the Washington correspondent for The Sunday Times of London, and her maternal grandmother was Janet Elliott Wulsin, an explorer.

Wentworth attended the Dana Hall School for Girls in Wellesley, Massachusetts, and studied drama at Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York before she graduated from New York University.

Career
Wentworth debuted as a cast member on the Fox sketch comedy series In Living Color from 1992 to 1994. On the program she was known for performing impressions of Cher, Amy Fisher, Hillary Clinton, Princess Diana, Brooke Shields, Lisa Marie Presley, Sharon Stone, and other characters. Her recurring characters included Candy Cane, a deranged kids' show host who had had a string of bad relationships with her male coworkers, and the promiscuous teenage daughter of Grandpa Jack McGee (Jim Carrey) on The Dysfunctional Home Show.

Wentworth made appearances as a correspondent on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and The Oprah Winfrey Show. In 1995, she played Jerry Seinfeld's girlfriend Sheila ("Schmoopie") in the memorable "Soup Nazi" episode of Seinfeld. She had a recurring role as the boss of the title character on the WB series Felicity.

In 2003, she co-hosted the syndicated talk show Living It Up! with Ali & Jack with Jack Ford. Since that show's cancellation and before, she has been a regular part of the guest host rotation for Live with Kelly and Ryan when Kelly Ripa is on vacation or has other commitments.

Wentworth wrote 28 episodes of and starred in the comedy Head Case on the Starz television network. She guest starred on the NBC show The Marriage Ref. She hosted Daily Shot, a short daily talk show segment on Yahoo! Shine.

In 2016, Wentworth created and starred in Nightcap as the lead character Staci Cole. The series was broadcast for two seasons.

Wentworth appeared as a celebrity guest on the July 23, 2017 episode (S2 E07) of The $100,000 Pyramid, opposite Kathy Najimy, helping her contestant partner win the $150,000 grand prize. In 2020, Wentworth launched a podcast Go Ask Ali in partnership with shondaland audio. In 2022, she published a book, Ali's Well That Ends Well, about finding humor in the COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2021, Wentworth, Stephanopoulos, and Alyssa Mastromonaco, founded the production company BedBy8. The first project, an ABC News Studio collaboration with Madator Content was Pretty Baby: Brooke Shields. The docuseries first premiered at Sundance, followed by Hulu.

In 2022, Wentworth co-hosted an ABC reality show, The Parent Test, with Adolph Brown.

Celebrity impressions

 * Amy Fisher
 * Brooke Shields
 * Candace Cameron Bure
 * Lisa Marie Presley

Personal life
Wentworth is married to George Stephanopoulos, ABC News chief anchor, correspondent and former political adviser to the Clinton administration. They met on a blind date in April 2001 and were engaged two months later. They married on November 20, 2001, at the Archdiocesan Cathedral of the Holy Trinity on New York City's Upper East Side in a lengthy service. They have two daughters: Elliott Anastasia Stephanopoulos (born September 9, 2002) and Harper Andrea Stephanopoulos (born June 2, 2005).

In an episode of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee, Wentworth said a "well-known writer" once offered $40,000 to spend a night with her.

title: Ali Wentworth


text:
Abbo of Fleury

Abbo or Abbon of Fleury (Abbo Floriacensis; c. 945 – 13 November 1004), also known as Saint Abbo or Abbon, was a monk and abbot of Fleury Abbey in present-day Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire near Orléans, France.

Life
Abbo was born near Orléans and brought up in the Benedictine abbey of Fleury. He was educated at Paris and Reims, devoting himself to philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy. He spent two years (985–987) in England, mostly in the newly founded monastery of Ramsey in Huntingdonshire, assisting Archbishop Oswald of York in restoring the monastic system. He was also abbot and director of the school of this newly founded monastery from 986 to 987.

Abbo returned to Fleury in 988, where he was selected as its abbot after Abbot Oilbold's death. Another monk who had secured the support of the King and the Bishop of Orléans contested the choice and the matter assumed national importance. Gerbert of Aurillac later Pope Sylvester II, settled the matter in Abbo's favor. The new abbot became active in contemporary politics: for example, he attended the Synod of Verzy, near Reims, at which Arnulf, Archbishop of Reims was tried for treason and deposed, to make way for Gerbert. Arnulf of Orléans, with whom Abbo feuded over monastic reform from 988 until 994, also attended the conference.

In 996 King Robert II (Robert the Pious) sent him to Rome to ward off a threatened papal interdict over Robert's marriage to Bertha. On the way to Rome he met Pope Gregory V, who was a fugitive from the city from which the Antipope John XVI had expelled him. Between the Pontiff and the Abbot the greatest esteem and affection existed. The royal petition for a dispensation was rejected. Abbo succeeded in bringing about the restoration of Arnulf to the see of Reims. He was influential in calming the excitement and fear about the end of the world which was widespread in Europe in 1000.

In 1004 he attempted to restore discipline in the monastery of La Réole, in Gascony, by transferring some of the monks of Fleury into that community. But the trouble increased; fighting began between the two parties and when Abbo endeavoured to separate them he was pierced in the side by a lance. He concealed the wound and reached his cell, where he died in the arms of his faithful disciple Aimoin, who has left an account of his labours and virtues. The miracles wrought at his tomb soon caused the Church of Gaul to regard him as a saint and martyr, although he does not seem to have been canonized by Rome officially. His feast is kept on 13 November.

Works
During his time in England, Abbo learned of the martyrdom of Edmund of East Anglia (November 870). In response, he wrote a passion in Latin about it. He also wrote a Latin grammar for his English students, and three poems to Dunstan. Among his other works are a simplification of the computus, the computation of the date of Easter; an Epitome de XCI Romanorum Pontificum Vitis (book on the lives of Roman popes, which is an abridgement of the earlier Liber Pontificalis), a Collectio Canonum, with clarifications about topics of Canon Law, and other treatises on controversial topics and letters. Around 980 to 985, he wrote a commentary on the "Calculus" of Victorius of Aquitaine, before the introduction of Arabic numerals, when calculations were often quite complex. The wide range of Abbo's thought is reflected in the commentary, covering the nature of wisdom, the philosophy of numbers, the relationship of unity and plurality, and the arithmetic of the Calculus. Abbo drew on his knowledge of grammar, logic and cosmology to illustrate his arguments, and set it all in the broader context of his theology of Creation. Most of Abbo's works can be found in the Patrologia Latina (CXXXIX, 375–582).

There is one contemporary biography, written by his disciple Aimoin, in which much of Abbo's correspondence was reproduced. It is of great importance, including as a historical source of information about the reign of Robert II of France, especially with reference to the Papacy.

Richard W. Pfaff sums up Abbo's achievements as follows: "One of the most versatile thinkers and writers of his time, Abbo put his mark on several areas of medieval life and thought, but none more so than in transmitting much that was valuable from the tradition of reformed French monasticism to the nascent monastic culture of late tenth-century England."

title: Abbo of Fleury