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Massena, New York

Massena is a town in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. Massena is along the county's northern border, just south of the St. Lawrence River and the Three Nations Crossing of the Canada–United States border. The population was 12,433 at the 2020 census. The town of Massena contains a village also named Massena.

History
Native Americans have lived in the region for over 9,000 years. Archaeological studies reveal a vibrant pre-Columbian era marked by extensive hunting, fishing, gathering, and sophisticated trading networks.

Massena was established in 1792 by Anable Faucher. The settlement was initially called Nikentsiake by the Mohawk Indians, translating to "where the fish live." Massena was one of the first towns settled in St. Lawrence county, but was not incorporated until 1802 when it was formed from the town of Lisbon. The town and its village are named after André Masséna, a general and Marshal to Napoleon during the Napoleonic Wars.

The town boasted the Massena Springs, a pair of sulfur springs, one hot and the other cold, reputed to possess healing powers known to the Native Americans before European settlement. In 1820, an Army veteran, Captain John Polley, hoping to capitalize on the properties, opened a hotel and began to advertise them. By 1858, three hotels, numerous rental cottages, a bathing house, and a plant that bottled and sold the spring water, had been built. By about 1900, the Springs' status as a popular resort had faded.

Up until the 1880s, the town was predominantly agricultural, mainly home to butter and cheese production. The first small mills were built in the 1830s, harnessing the Grasse River to turn their wheels. They included a saw mill, stone-cutter, and a tannery. In 1833, New York State Legislature approved a canal that would bypass a troublesome rapids hindering navigation on the St. Lawrence by linking the Grasse and St. Lawrence Rivers. However, the British North American government preempted this project by building the Cornwall Canal on the Canadian side of the River, completed in 1843.

The Massena Canal project was revived at the end of the century and completed in 1898, finally connecting the Grasse River and St. Lawrence River. A powerhouse built in 1900 provided hydroelectric power to the town. The new canal attracted the Pittsburgh Reduction Company (later Alcoa). This influx of industry workers transformed former health retreat hotels into housing for the burgeoning workforce. The Massena Power Canal was closed in 1958.

In 1928 the town was the scene of the antisemitic Massena blood libel. The town's Jews were falsely accused of kidnapping and ritual murder of a girl.

In the 1950s, the New York Power Authority was established, leading to the creation of the St. Lawrence-Franklin D. Roosevelt Power Project. Spanning the St. Lawrence River, the hydropower plant was capable of generating over 900,000 kilowatts of electricity. Simultaneously, the 1950s witnessed the development of the St. Lawrence Seaway, a monumental American-Canadian navigational project. This system of locks and gates facilitated the movement of boats through the river, connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. With the completion of the Seaway and Power Project, Massena experienced a significant expansion at the Alcoa plant, solidifying its status as the oldest continuously operating aluminum production facility in the Western Hemisphere.

The 1980s saw the establishment of the St. Lawrence Centre Mall and St. Lawrence strip mall complex, fostering a regional retail hub, attracting Canadian shoppers.

The town suffered natural disasters in the 1944 Cornwall-Massena earthquake and in the January 1998 North American ice storm.

Geography and climate
Massena is located just south of the St. Lawrence River, and the Grasse and Racquette rivers pass through town.

Climate
Massena has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb).

Economy
The modern town's economy is centered on power production, the commerce of the St. Lawrence Seaway, and an Alcoa Aluminum plant, the world's longest continually operating aluminum facility. Alcoa employs over 600 people at its facilities in Massena. Massena's economy has suffered for the past few decades due to the decline of American manufacturing and the automotive industry.

The New York Power Authority now operates a hydroelectric power generating dam, the St. Lawrence-FDR Power Project, on the St. Lawrence River adjacent to Massena. Curran Renewable Energy manufactures wood pellet fuel and mulch in the town. Massena is also home to the Eisenhower and Snell Locks, part of the St. Lawrence Seaway which allows ships and vessels to pass through the St. Lawrence River and on to the Great Lakes.

While on November 2, 2015, Alcoa announced the idling of the smelter at its "Alcoa West" plant, the facility remained open through negotiations with New York State, and 400 jobs were saved until 2019. The Forgings and Extrusions facilities at Alcoa West were unaffected. The changes resulted in the loss of 487 jobs.

It was estimated in 2013 that nearly 30% of Massena residents live below the poverty line. St. Lawrence County's poverty rate is higher than both the state and federal rates and ranks the 5th highest in New York State.

Demographics

By 2012 industrial employment had declined and there were 10,357 people in the town, down from 16,021 in 1970.

As of the census of 2000, there were 13,121 people, 2,510 households, and 3,454 families residing in the town. The population density was 293.7 PD/sqmi. There were 5,880 housing units at an average density of 131.6 /mi2. The town's racial makeup was 96.80% White, 0.30% Black or African American, 1.25% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and .02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.83% of the population.

There were 5,510 households, of which 39.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.1% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.3% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.67.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.7 males.

The town's median household income was $58,391, and the median family income was $62,696. Males had a median income of $48,484 versus $46,819 for females. The per capita income was $25,111. About 6.9% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 1.8% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Massena

 * Barnhardt Island – An island in the St. Lawrence River northeast of Massena village. The island is at the international border and is the northernmost point of land in New York.
 * Long Sault Island ("Isle au Long Saut") – An island in the St. Lawrence River north of Massena village.
 * Massena – A village at the western town line on both banks of the Grasse River.
 * Massena Center – A hamlet northeast of Massena village.
 * Massena Power Canal – A waterway connecting the Grasse River to the St. Lawrence River.
 * Massena Springs – A hamlet south of Massena village by the Raquette River. The community was the site of health resorts and hotels based on sulphurous spring water.
 * Raquette River – A hamlet east of Massena village by the Raquette River. It was first settled circa 1804.
 * Robert Moses State Park – A state park in the northern part of the town.
 * Rooseveltown – A hamlet near the eastern town line by the Raquette River.
 * Wiley Dondero Canal – A waterway constructed as part of the St. Lawrence power project.

Education
Both the village and town of Massena are served by the Massena Central School District, which also serves most of Louisville, a portion of Norfolk and Brasher, and the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation.
 * Jefferson Elementary School (K-6)
 * Madison Elementary School (K-6)
 * Nightengale Elementary School (K-6)
 * J. William Leary Junior High School (7–8)
 * Massena Central High School (9–12)
 * Trinity Catholic School (K-6)
 * Holy Name of Jesus Academy (K-12)

Transportation
New York State Route 37, a northeast–southwest highway, passes along the outskirts of the town. The town is served by Massena International Airport, east of Massena village, south of NY-37. Trailways of New York provides bus service from Massena to Syracuse. The town had until 1961 been the terminus for New York Central Railroad (NYC) sleeping car passenger service on its St. Lawrence Division; the last sleepers came in from the NYC's Iroquois and the outgoing sleeper fed into the New York Special. The final run of regular local trains into the town was in 1964.

Radio

 * 1340 WMSA
 * WVLF-FM Mix 96.1
 * WRCD-FM 101.5 The Fox
 * WYBG – AM 1050 (defunct as of June 30, 2015)

In popular culture
Massena was a location featured in Me, Myself & Irene, released in 2000, starring Jim Carrey and Renée Zellweger.

Massena was a location featured in the film Frozen River.

For Ellen, released in 2012, was filmed in Massena and the surrounding area.

Notable people

 * Avery D. Andrews, brigadier general in the United States Army
 * William G. Bissell, Wisconsin State Senator, merchant, salesman and farmer, was born in Massena.
 * Stephanie Bissonnette, dancer and choreographer known for her role in the original Broadway production of the musical Mean Girls
 * Aaron Bogosian, former American Hockey League player
 * Zach Bogosian, National Hockey League player on the Minnesota Wild
 * Gary Danko, chef
 * Timothy Fay, Lieutenant General, United States Air Force
 * Jim Deshaies, former Major League Baseball player, television color analyst
 * Follett Johnson, Medal of Honor recipient
 * Mike Hurlbut, retired professional hockey player, collegiate ice hockey coach
 * Bid McPhee, former Major League Baseball player and member of the Baseball Hall of Fame
 * Horace N. Polley, Wisconsin State Assemblyman and farmer, was born in Massena
 * Myron Reed, Wisconsin State Senator and lawyer, was born in Massena.
 * Hal Smith, actor

title: Massena, New York


text:
Morristown (hamlet), New York

Morristown is a hamlet and former village along the Saint Lawrence River in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The population was 395 at the 2010 census. The village is named after Gouverneur Morris.

The hamlet is on the northern edge of the Town of Morristown and was north of Gouverneur.

Jacques Cartier State Park is southwest of the village.

The former village has their own school, Morristown Central School.

History
The first settlers of the town began the community around 1804, but the village was not permanently settled until 1808.

During the opening days of the War of 1812, a naval battle took place between two warships in the river opposite the village.

Due to the lack of water power, early milling was accomplished by a windmill (1825) and later by a steam-powered mill.

The Land Office, Jacob Ford House, McConnell's Windmill, Samuel Stocking House, Paschal Miller House, Morristown Schoolhouse, United Methodist Church, and Wright's Stone Store are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

On June 27, 2018, village residents voted to dissolve the village with a yes vote of 130–47. It took effect on December 31, 2019.

Notable people

 * William H. Comstock, patent medicine manufacturer, including Dr. Morse's Indian Root Pills.
 * William H. 'Willie' Johnston, youngest Medal of Honor winner. Born and lived here as a child, moved to Montreal, then Derby, Vermont. Enlisted December 1, 1861, at age 11, with Co. D, 3rd Vermont Infantry. At the Battles around Richmond in June 1862, while soldiers were retreating from the field, he was the only drummer to keep his kit.  He had the honor of drumming the next division parade on July 4, 1862.  Medal presented by Secretary of War Stanton.

Morristown is named after Gouverneur Morris, a signer of the Constitution and Declaration of Independence. He was a land baron and owned a tract of land from Gouverneur, NY to the St. Lawrence River, including the village of Morristown.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village had a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2), of which 1.0 square miles (2.5 km2) is land and 0.1 square mile (0.1 km2)  (4.90%) is water.

The village was north of the junction of New York State Route 12, New York State Route 37, and New York State Route 58.

The village was on the south bank of the Saint Lawrence River, opposite the City of Brockville in Canada.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 456 people, 180 households, and 117 families residing in the village. The population density was 466.4 PD/sqmi. There were 232 housing units at an average density of 237.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.93% White, 1.32% Black or African American, 0.88% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.22% from other races, and 0.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.54% of the population.

There were 180 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.9% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.0 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $27,969, and the median income for a family was $30,938. Males had a median income of $26,563 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,156. About 12.1% of families and 18.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.7% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those age 65 or over.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Morristown (hamlet), New York


text:
Morristown, New York

Morristown is a town in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The population was 1,974 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Gouverneur Morris, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and landowner in New York.

The Town of Morristown is on the northwestern part of the county and contains a village also named Morristown. The village and town are northwest of Gouverneur.

History
The town, part of Macomb's Purchase, was first settled permanently circa 1808 on the site of the present hamlet (and former village) of Morristown.

One of the first battles in the War of 1812 was a naval battle in the St. Lawrence River between two warships.

The town was established in 1821 from part of the Town of Oswegatchie, where it was known as "Haque.". Morristown was reduced twice to make new towns: Hammond (1827) and Macomb (1841).

Due to the lack of waterpower, a windmill was erected in 1828, but stopped working and was abandoned two years later.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 59.4 sqmi, of which 45.9 sqmi is land and 13.6 sqmi (22.83%) is water.

The northern town line of Morristown is the international border with Ontario, Canada, defined by the St. Lawrence River. The town is dominated by two major bodies of water: the St. Lawrence River and Black Lake, which defines the southern town line.

New York State Route 37 is an east–west highway. New York State Route 12, another east–west route, is more northerly and follows the St. Lawrence River. New York State Route 58 is a north–south route, which intersects NY-37 at the hamlet of Morristown.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,050 people, 816 households, and 581 families residing in the town. The population density was 44.7 PD/sqmi. There were 1,535 housing units at an average density of 33.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.56% White, 0.49% Black or African American, 0.98% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.02% of the population.

There were 816 households, out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,458, and the median income for a family was $36,591. Males had a median income of $30,474 versus $20,741 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,133. About 11.5% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.7% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Morristown

 * American Island – A small island in the St. Lawrence River in the northwestern corner of Morristown.
 * Big Bay – A bay at the southwestern end of Black Lake.
 * Big Island – A large island at the southern end of Black Lake.
 * Black Lake – An elongated lake that defines the southeastern town line.
 * Booths Island – An island in Black Lake by Edwardsville.
 * Bowman Island – An island at the southern end of Black Lake.
 * Brier Hill – A hamlet south of Morristown village on NY-37. The Young Memorial Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.
 * Brier Hill Station – A location south of Brier Hill, settled circa 1853.
 * Cedars – A hamlet in the southwestern corner of the townby Black Lake on County Road 6.
 * Chippewa Creek – A stream flowing southwest through the town.
 * Conger Island – An island at the southern end of Black Lake.
 * Edgewater Park – A hamlet northeast of Morristown village on the St. Lawerence River.
 * Edwardsville – A hamlet at the southern town line on NY-58 by County Road 6, named after an early postmaster. It was formerly called "The Narrows" and was the location of a ferry across Black Lake.  The crossing is now achieved by a bridge.
 * Emery Island – An island at the southern end of Black Lake.
 * Elizabeth Island – An island in Black Lake, formerly a club for the wealthy.
 * Jacques Cartier State Park – A state park southwest of Morristown village.
 * Lonesome Bay – A bay at the southwestern end of Black Lake.
 * Longs Corners – A hamlet between Morristown village and Edwardsville on NY-58.
 * Lower Deep Bay – A bay north of Big Island.
 * Morristown – The Hamlet of Morristown is on the southern bank of the St. Lawrence River by the junctions of NY-12, NY-37 and NY-58.
 * Morristown Center – A hamlet by the eastern town line.
 * Old Man Island – A small island in the St. Lawrence River east of the state park.
 * Point Comfort – A projection into the St. Lawrence River west of the state park.
 * Terrace Park – A hamlet northeast of Morristown village and south of Edgewater Park.
 * Upper Deep Bay – A bay south of Big Island.

Cultural allusions

 * Morristown is mentioned in Chapter LI of Theodore Dreiser's The Titan.

title: Morristown, New York


text:
Norfolk (CDP), New York

Norfolk is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The population was 1,327 at the 2010 census.

This community is in the Town of Norfolk.

History
The community was first settled circa 1816.

Geography
Norfolk is located at 44.79917°N, -74.99083°W (44.79941, -74.990963).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.8 square miles (7.2 km2), of which 2.7 square miles (6.9 km2) is land and 0.1 square mile (0.2 km2)  (3.25%) is water.

Norfolk is located on New York State Route 56 at the junction of County Roads 38, 38A, and 47.

The Raquette River flows through the middle of the village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,334 people, 558 households, and 362 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 497.5 PD/sqmi. There were 610 housing units at an average density of 227.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.5% White, 0.01% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.30% Pacific Islander, and 0.90% from two or more races, 1.0%Hispanic or Latino of the population.

There were 558 households, out of which 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $24,722, and the median income for a family was $31,307. Males had a median income of $29,868 versus $14,961 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $1,4,946. About 14.9% of families and 20.9% of the population were below the poverty line.

title: Norfolk (CDP), New York


text:
Norfolk, New York

Norfolk is a town in St. Lawrence County in the U.S. state of New York. The town is in the northern part of the county and is north of Potsdam. The population was 4,453 at the 2020 census.

History
The town was first settled around 1869.

The town was formed in 1869 from part of the Town of Louisville. In 1869, part of Norfolk was returned to Louisville, and part of the Town of Stockholm was added to Norfolk in 1869.

A small part of Norfolk was lost when the community of "Raquetteville" incorporated as the Village of Potsdam Junction in 1869. In 1875, it became Norwood.

The Hepburn Library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.

Notable people

 * Calvin H. Robbins (1840-1900), Minnesota state representative and physician
 * William Pierce Rogers (1913–2001), U.S. Attorney General, U.S. Secretary of State
 * Horace Adolphus Taylor (1837–1910), Wisconsin State Senator, Chairman of the Republican Party of Wisconsin

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 57.7 square miles (149.5 km2), of which 56.7 square miles (147.0 km2) is land and 2.0 square mile (2.6 km2)  (1.74%) is water.

The Raquette River flows eastward through the northern part of the town.

New York State Route 56 is a north–south highway in Norfolk. The eastern terminus of New York State Route 310 is at Raymondville. New York State Route 420 parallels the eastern town line.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,565 people, 1,803 households, and 1,280 families residing in the town. The population density was 80.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,959 housing units at an average density of 34.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.06% White, 0.42% Black or African American, 1.07% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.11% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.55% of the population.

There were 1,803 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 21.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was 54,492, and the median income for a family was $37,644. Males had a median income of $65,769 versus $59,732 for females. The per capita income for the town was $57,099. About 9.3% of families and 1.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.7% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Norfolk

 * Dishaw – A hamlet at the northern town line.
 * Grantville – A hamlet in the northern part of Norfolk, north of Plumbrook.
 * Marble Hill – An elevation east of Norfolk village.
 * Norfolk – The hamlet of Norfolk, north of Norwood on NY-56. This was the locale of the first settlement in the town.
 * Norwood – The northern part of the village of Norwood, on NY-56, is in the southwestern section of Norfolk.
 * Plumbrook – A hamlet in the eastern part of the town on County Route 38 (Plum Brook Road).
 * Raymondville – is a hamlet north of Norfolk hamlet on NY-56, by the western town line and the Raquette River. It was previously called "Racketon." The Raymondville Parabolic Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
 * Yaleville – A hamlet south of Norfolk hamlet on NY-56, by the Raquette River.

title: Norfolk, New York


text:
Potsdam (village), New York

Potsdam is a village located in the Town of Potsdam in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The population was 8,312 at the 2020 census. The Village of Potsdam is in the eastern part of the town and is northeast of Canton, the county seat. The village is the locale of the State University of New York at Potsdam and Clarkson University.

History

The village was formerly a community of the St. Regis Indians. The early European settlers arrived at that location around 1803.

The village was incorporated in 1831. In 1841, the village charter was amended to increase the size of the village.

Potsdam was the seventh town erected by an Act of the Legislature passed February 21, 1806, formerly attached to Madrid. It was one of the original ten townships, No. 3, and is said to have been named thus by the commissioners on the discovery by the surveyors of a bed of reddish sandstone resembling the sandstone in Potsdam, Germany.

The Market Street Historic District, Bayside Cemetery and Gatehouse Complex, Clarkson Office Building, Clarkson-Knowles Cottage, Nathaniel Parmeter House, Trinity Episcopal Church, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Notable people

 * Job Bicknell Ellis, a mycologist, was born in Potsdam and briefly taught there
 * Frank B. Kellogg, co-author of the Kellogg–Briand Pact, was born in Potsdam
 * Marguerite LeHand, secretary to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was born in Potsdam
 * Clarence F. Stephens, a mathematician, taught in Potsdam and developed model teaching methods for college mathematics

Geography
Potsdam is located at 44.67°N, -74.98306°W (44.669961, -74.9829436).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 4.8 square miles (12.6 km2), of which 4.4 square miles (11.4 km2) is land and 0.5 square mile (1.2 km2) (9.48%) is water.

The village is on the banks of the Raquette River.

U.S. Route 11 passes through the village from east to west, and New York State Route 56 passes through from north to south. New York State Route 11B enters from the east, and New York State Route 345 enters from the northwest.

Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there were 9,428 people, 2,265 households, and 1,040 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,148.2 PD/sqmi. There were 2,705 housing units at an average density of 616.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 91.60% White, 2.50% Black or African American, 0.36% Native American, 3.88% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.53% from other races, and 1.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.75% of the population.

There were 2,543 households, out of which 21.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.5% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 59.1% were non-families. 40.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 11.3% under the age of 18, 56.2% from 18 to 24, 14.1% from 25 to 44, 9.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.8 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $21,273, and the median income for a family was $37,933. Males had a median income of $31,610 versus $24,324 for females. The per capita income for the village was $10,824. About 18.2% of families and 34.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.8% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those age 65 or over.

Radio

 * 1340 WMSA
 * WTSC-FM 91.1 The Source
 * WVLF-FM Mix 96.1
 * WRCD-FM 101.5 The Fox

title: Potsdam (village), New York


text:
Potsdam, New York

Potsdam is a town in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The town population was 14,901 at the 2020 census. When SUNY Potsdam and Clarkson University are in session, the population increases by approximately 8,000 students. The town is named after the city of Potsdam in Germany.

The town of Potsdam also contains a village named Potsdam. Potsdam is centrally located within the county and northeast of Canton, the county seat.

History
David Clarkson and Garret van Horn were early investors in the town, and settlement began around 1803. The newcomers found Native Americans residing in the town and in the fur trade.

The town was established in 1806 from part of the Town of Madrid. Potsdam is one of the original ten towns of St. Lawrence County.

The community of Potsdam set itself apart from the town in 1831 by incorporating as a village. The community of Raquetteville incorporated as the Village of Potsdam Junction (now Norwood) in 1871.

St. Lawrence Academy, the predecessor of the State University of New York at Potsdam was founded in 1816. In 1896, Clarkson University was founded.

The Potsdam area is well known for its reddish-orange Potsdam sandstone. A large slab of it is on display at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.

The First Presbyterian Church of Dailey Ridge and French Family Farm are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 103.4 square miles (267.9 km2), of which 101.5 square miles (262.8 km2) is land and 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2)  (1.92%) is water.

The Raquette River flows northward through the town's center. The Grasse River flows through the northwestern part of Potsdam.

Communities and locations in the Town of Potsdam

 * Bucks Bridge − a hamlet in the northwestern corner of the town at the Grass River. The Buck's Bridge Community Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 as the Buck's Bridge United Methodist Church.
 * Burnhams Corners − a location on NY-345 at County Road 35, northwest of Potsdam village.
 * Casey Corners − a location on County Road 34 in the western part of the town.
 * Clarkson University − a private university, southwest of Potsdam village.
 * Crary Mills − a hamlet.
 * Hewittville – a hamlet on the western bank of the Raquette River, north of Potsdam village.
 * Norwood − southern part of the Village of Norwood is by the northern town line on NY-56; formerly called "Raquetteville" and "Potsdam Junction".
 * Norwood Lake – reservoir southwest of Norwood.
 * Potsdam − Village of Potsdam on the Raquette River.
 * Potsdam Municipal Airport - Damon Field − small airport east of Potsdam village.
 * Sissonville − a small hamlet on NY-56 north of Potsdam village.
 * Slab City − a location on County Road 35 is in the western part of the town and south of West Potsdam.
 * Stafford Corners − a location south of Potsdam village at the southeastern town line.
 * SUNY Potsdam − a state college southeast of Potsdam village.
 * Sugar Island − a location in the Raquette River, south of Potsdam village.
 * Unionville − a hamlet north of Potsdam village on NY-56; site of one of the first cooperative settlements in New York. Membership included several relatives of Mormonism leader Joseph Smith, including his uncle John Smith.
 * West Potsdam − a hamlet on County Road 34 in the western part of the town, formerly known as "Smiths Corners", known for its gun shows. In 2022, the scheduled February show was cancelled due to the prior shooting death of a SUNY Potsdam student.

Demographics
As of the census of 2020, there were 14,901 people and 4,988 households in the town. The population density was 158.2 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 86.4% non-Hispanic White, 4.3% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 2.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.36% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.9% of the population.

There were 4,988 households, out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.6% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 13.4% under the age of 18, 36.8% from 18 to 24, 19.9% from 25 to 44, 16.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. The town was 48.6% female and 51.4% male.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,977. The per capita income for the town was $23,747. About 19.3% of the population were below the poverty line.

Education
The town of Potsdam consists of the Potsdam Central School District, which includes an elementary school (Lawrence Avenue), a middle school (A.A. Kingston), and a high school (Potsdam High School). The high school is the home of the Potsdam Sandstoners.

There are four universities in the area, including SUNY Potsdam (which is known for its Crane School of Music) and Clarkson University (a private research university known for engineering and business) in Potsdam, as well as both St. Lawrence University and SUNY Canton in nearby Canton. Due to the number of students in Potsdam during the academic year, Potsdam was ranked as #7 most ‘Collegiest College Town in America’ by the Washington Post.

Radio

 * 1340 WMSA
 * WRCD-FM 101.5 the Fox
 * WSNN-FM 99.3
 * WTSC-FM 91.1 the Source
 * WVLF-FM Mix 96.1

Television

 * WNPI-DT, a full-power WPBS-TV rebroadcaster in South Colton, primarily serves Ottawa.
 * WWNY-CD, a low-power WWNY (CBS/Fox) retransmitter, is on WNPI's tower.

Transportation
U.S. Route 11 and New York State Route 11B are east–west highways. New York State Route 56 is a north–south highway. New York State Route 345 is a northwest–southeast highway that intersects New York State Route 310 near the northwestern town line.

The New York Central Railroad's St. Lawrence Division runs through the town. Until 1964 the New York Central operated passenger trains from Massena, through the town, to Watertown, and to Syracuse to meet up with the NYC mainline.

Notable people

 * Frank B. Kellogg, 45th Secretary of State of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize laureate
 * Gigolo Aunts, alternative rock band that formed in Potsdam during the mid-1980s.
 * Lucinda Banister Chandler (1828-1911), social reformer and author
 * Craig Conroy, professional hockey player (retired)
 * Wes Craven, film director, educator and creator of the Nightmare on Elm Street and Scream series. Taught at Clarkson
 * John Gerrish, music professor and American composer
 * David A. Kyle, noted science fiction fan, author and publisher
 * Trevor Scott, professional football player
 * Jason Sutter, professional drummer, currently playing for Marilyn Manson
 * Jeff Thacher, percussionist of the band Rockapella
 * George A. Smith, early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement.
 * John Lyman Smith, Utah Territorial Legislator
 * Jason Liang, chess player
 * Renée Fleming, Opera superstar, SUNY Potsdam's Crane School of Music, '81

title: Potsdam, New York


text:
Waddington (village), New York

Waddington is a village located in the Town of Waddington in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The population was 972 at the 2010 census. The village is named after Joshua Waddington.

The Village of Waddington is at the northern edge of the town and is north of Canton.

History
The first settlers arrived around 1798.

The village was originally called "Hamilton" (after Alexander Hamilton), but was changed to Waddington in 1818. Joshua Waddington was a friend of Hamilton and one of the original landowners. The village was incorporated in 1839. When the Town of Waddington was formed afterwards, it adopted the name of the village.

During the construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway part of the village needed to be relocated and some of the old industrial area was destroyed.

The Waddington Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.4 sqmi, of which 2.2 sqmi is land and 0.2 sqmi (8.82%) is water.

The village is located near the St. Lawrence River and the international border with Canada. The village fronts on Ogden Island in the St. Lawrence River.

Waddington is at the junctions of New York State Route 37 and New York State Route 345. County Road 44 serves the village from the southeast.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 923 people, 405 households, and 259 families residing in the village. The population density was 425.3 PD/sqmi. There were 452 housing units at an average density of 208.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 99.13% White, 0.33% Native American, 0.11% from other races, and 0.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.22% of the population.

There were 405 households, out of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 18.2% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 30.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $39,615, and the median income for a family was $46,389. Males had a median income of $39,583 versus $24,773 for females. The per capita income for the village was $22,568. About 5.8% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.2% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

 * James Ricalton, [Travel Photographer]

title: Waddington (village), New York


text:
Waddington, New York

Waddington is a town in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The population was 2,266 at the 2010 census. The town was named after its principal village.

The Town of Waddington has a village, also called Waddington. Both town and village are on the northern edge of the county, north of Canton.

History
The first settlement took place in 1797 near Hamilton village, later Waddington, but an anonymous family was already living there.

The community of Waddington formally established itself as an incorporated village in 1839, while still part of the Town of Madrid.

The town was formed in 1859 from the Town of Madrid.

A Battle in the War of 1812 took place in Waddington, at the St. Lawrence River.

The Bassmaster Elite Series Championships have taken place multiple times in Waddington at Whittaker Park.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 58.0 square miles (150.2 km2), of which 51.5 square miles (133.5 km2) is land and 6.4 square miles (16.7 km2)  (11.11%) is water.

The St. Lawrence River defines the northern town line, which is the international border between the United States and Canada (Ontario). The Grasse River flows northward past the eastern part of Waddington, partly defining the town line.

New York State Route 37 follows the south bank of the St. Lawrence River. It intersects New York State Route 345, a north–south highway, at Waddington village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,212 people, 886 households, and 612 families residing in the town. The population density was 42.9 PD/sqmi. There were 1,035 housing units at an average density of 20.1 per square mile (7.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.46% White, 0.18% Black or African American, 0.45% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.27% of the population.

There were 886 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.9% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,952, and the median income for a family was $42,357. Males had a median income of $30,547 versus $22,135 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,311. About 5.5% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Waddington

 * Chamberlains Corners – A location by the Grasse River on County Road 44.
 * Chase Mills – A location at the eastern town line on County Road 14 by the Grasse River.
 * Chipman – A hamlet by the southern town line at the junction of County Roads 31 and 33. The Chase Mills Inn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
 * Clark Point – A projection into the St. Lawerence River east of Waddington village.
 * Coles Creek – A wide stream that partly defines the eastern town line.
 * Coles Creek State Park – A state park in the northeastern corner of the town.
 * Dalton Crossing – A hamlet east of Waddington village near Coles Creek.
 * Drews Corner – A location southeast of Waddington village on County Road 44.
 * Halfway House Corners – A hamlet on NY-345 south of Waddington village.
 * Henrys Corners – A hamlet near the western town line on County Road 31A.
 * Leishman Point – A peninsula in the St. Lawrence River, between Ogden Island and Whitehouse Bay.
 * Ogden Isle – An island in the St. Lawrence River near Waddingon village.
 * Sucker Brook – A stream that enters the St. Lawrence River near Waddington village.
 * Waddington – The Village of Waddington in the northern part of the town at the junction of NY-37 and NY-345 by the St. Lawrence River.
 * Wagner Corners – A hamlet west of Chipman, near the western town line on County Road 31.
 * Whitehouse Bay – A bay of the St. Lawrence River, west of Ogden Island.

Notable people

 * Macklyn Arbuckle, actor.
 * Hank Monk, 19th century stagecoach driver
 * Lorraine J. Pitkin, social activist, political postmaster
 * James Ricalton, teacher, traveler, inventor

title: Waddington, New York


text:
Addison (village), New York

Addison is a village in Steuben County, New York, United States, in the southeast part of the town of the same name, and southwest of the city of Corning. The population was 1,763 at the 2010 census. The village and the surrounding town are named after the author Joseph Addison.

History
The village was first incorporated in 1854 and re-incorporated in 1873.

Company E, 34th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, was principally recruited here during the American Civil War.

The population of Addison in 1990 was 1,842.

The Addison Village Hall, Church of the Redeemer, and William Wombough House are individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Also listed are the national historic districts: Main Street Historic District and Maple Street Historic District.

Geography
Addison is located at 42.10778°N, -77.23222°W.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.9 square miles (4.9 km$2$), all land.

Steuben County Route 119 (former New York State Route 432) and New York State Route 417, along with County Roads 1 and 5 pass through the village. Tuscarora Creek flows into the Canisteo River in the village. Pinnacle State Park and Golf Course is east of the village, which itself is in the Southern Tier of New York.

Addison is on the New Jersey-to-Buffalo Main Line of the Norfolk Southern Railway. Trains of the Canadian Pacific Railway operating under haulage arrangements also operate on this line through Addison. This line was opened in 1850 and known, prior to its 1999 acquisition by the Norfolk Southern, under the following names: New York & Erie Rail Road; Erie Railway; New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad; Erie Railroad; Erie-Lackawanna Railroad; Erie Lackawanna Railroad; Erie Lackawanna Railway, and Consolidated Rail Corporation [Conrail].

From 1882 to 1961 Addison was also served by the Wellsville, Addison & Galeton Railroad and predecessors ( most notably the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad [1932—1956], the Buffalo & Susquehanna Railroad 1898–1932, and the Addison & Northern Pennsylvania Railroad]. The WA&G line was abandoned in 1961 by order of the Interstate Commerce Commission in order to promote highway transportation.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,797 people, 724 households, and 467 families residing in the village. The population density was 947.1 PD/sqmi. There were 804 housing units at an average density of 423.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.66% White, 0.17% Black or African American, 0.39% Native American, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.45% of the population.

There were 724 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.6% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.4% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $31,532, and the median income for a family was $37,708. Males had a median income of $30,313 versus $21,053 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,215. About 14.0% of families and 17.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.8% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.

title: Addison (village), New York


text:
Addison, New York

Addison is a town in Steuben County, New York. The population was 2,397 at the 2020 census. The name was selected to honor the author Joseph Addison. An interior town in the southeastern part of the county, the town includes a village, also called Addison.

History
The town was first settled in 1791 by Samuel Rice. Originally a part of the old town of Painted Post, Addison was organized as Middletown at the time of Steuben County's creation in March 1796. The name was changed to Addison to honor of Joseph Addison, the English author, on April 6, 1808. The early settlers called it also Tuscarora. Addison Academy opened in 1840. In 1890, the town's population was 2,884.

Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 25.7 square miles (66.5 km2), of which 25.6 square miles (66.4 km2) is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1 km2)  (0.16%) is water.

Former NY Route 432, now County Road 119, is an east-west highway through the town. NY Route 417, formerly NY Route 17, passes through the town's southeast corner.

Addison is on the Southern Tier Main Line of the Norfolk Southern Railway, the ultimate successor to the Erie/Erie Lackawanna Railroads, which ran it from its opening in 1850 to 1976. From c. 1885 to 1961, Addison was also the northern terminus of the Wellsville, Addison & Galeton Railroad, Baltimore & Ohio, and Buffalo & Susquehanna lines from Galeton, Pennsylvania.

The Canisteo River flows through the southern part of the town. Goodhue Creek flows into the river near the eastern town boundary.

Demographics
As of the 2000 census, of 2000, there were 2,640 people, 1,026 households, and 687 families residing in the town. The population density was 103.0 PD/sqmi. There were 1,177 housing units at an average density of 45.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.45% White, 0.30% Black or African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.04% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.61% of the population.

There were 1,026 households, out of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.1% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,942, and the median income for a family was $37,813. Males had a median income of $32,159 versus $22,708 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,473. About 13.2% of families and 17.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.1% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Addison

 * Addison – The Village of Addison is on Route 417.
 * Goodhue Lake – A small lake at the northern town line.
 * Jones Corners – A location on the western town line and County Road 2.
 * America - A 600 acre plot of land; home to the annual AmericaFest.
 * Pinnacle State Park – A state park east of Addison village.

Notable people

 * Charles W. Gillet, former United States Congressman
 * Jim Greengrass, former MLB player
 * Bud Heine, former MLB player
 * John V. McDuffie, (1841–1896), born in Addison, United States Congressman from Alabama.
 * Levi E. Pond, (1833-1895), farmer and Wisconsin state senator, was born in Addison.
 * Jennie Phelps Purvis (d. 1924), writer, suffragist, social reformer

title: Addison, New York


text:
Avoca (village), New York

Avoca is a village located in the town of the same name in Steuben County, New York, United States. The population was 946 at the 2010 census. It is in the eastern part of the town, northwest of Bath.

History
Avoca was the first settlement in the town, circa 1794. The village was previously known as "Eight Mile Tree", then "Podunk" before it adopted the current name. Avoca was incorporated as a village in 1883. The name is thought to come from Avoca in Ireland. The change to Avoca is reported to be the deathbed wish of a young girl who admired the name.

Geography
Avoca is located at 42.41056°N, -77.42028°W (42.410614, -77.420359).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2), all land.

New York State Route 415 passes north-to-south through the village, and County Road 8 enters the northeast part of the village. Avoca is on west side of Interstate 390, north of the junction with the Southern Tier Expressway.

Avoca is located on the Gang Mills (Painted Post) to Wayland line of the B&H (Bath & Hammondsport) Rail Corp.

Avoca is on the Cohocton River.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,008 people, 363 households, and 260 families residing in the village. The population density was 854.9 PD/sqmi. There were 393 housing units at an average density of 333.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.42% White, 0.50% Black or African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.60% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.39% of the population.

There were 363 households, out of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.8% were married couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 32.2% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $31,713, and the median income for a family was $32,443. Males had a median income of $28,864 versus $21,563 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,639. About 10.6% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.3% of those under age 18 and 3.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Avoca (village), New York


text:
Avoca, New York

Avoca is a town in Steuben County, New York, United States. The population was 1,996 at the 2020 census.

The Town of Avoca has a village named Avoca. The town is in the northern part of the county, northwest of Bath, New York.

History
The first settler arrived around 1794. At that time, the area was home to the Seneca Indians. The town was formed from parts of four other towns in 1843. Those towns contributing to the new town were: Bath, Cohocton, Howard, and Wheeler.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 36.3 square miles (94.0 km2), of which 36.3 square miles (94.0 km2) is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1 km2)  (0.06%) is water.

Interstate 86, Interstate 390 and New York State Route 415 pass through the town.

The Gang Mills (Painted Post) to Wayland Line of the B&H Rail Corp. passes through the Village of Avoca and hamlet of Wallace in Town of Avoca. From c. 1853 to 1956, the Corning-Rochester line of the Erie Railroad passed through Avoca and Wallace. This line, as far as Livonia, NY, was removed in 1956 by order of the ICC, at Erie's request. From 1882 to 1963, Avoca and Wallace were also served by the New York (Hoboken) to Buffalo Main Line of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad (and its Erie Lackawanna successor). This through route was also severed in 1963 by order of the ICC, at EL's request. The former DL&W route in the Town of Avoca is now operated by the B&H Rail Corp.

The Conhocton River flows through the town past Wallace, Bloomerville, and Avoca village.

Climate
Avoca has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa), as mean July temperatures are just above the 71.6 °F threshold needed for a hot-summer climate.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,314 people, 873 households, and 607 families residing in the town. The population density was 63.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,001 housing units at an average density of 27.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.45% White, 1.04% Black or African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.30% from other races, and 0.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.82% of the population.

There were 873 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.8% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,333, and the median income for a family was $33,566. Males had a median income of $27,194 versus $25,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,343. About 9.2% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.2% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Avoca

 * Avoca – The Village of Avoca is in the southeast part of the town on NY Route 415.
 * Bloomerville – A hamlet northwest of Avoca village on NY Route 415.
 * Castle Creek – A stream flowing past Bloomerville to the Cohocton River.
 * Greenville – A hamlet in the west part of the town on County Road 6.
 * Twelve Mile Creek – A stream flowing into the Cohocton River at Wallace.
 * Wallace – A hamlet northwest of Avoca village on NY Route 415.

title: Avoca, New York


text:
Bath (village), New York

Bath is a village and the county seat of in Steuben County, New York, United States. The population was 5,786 at the 2010 census. The village is located in the town of the same name, northwest of Elmira and west of Tyrone.

The community was named either for the English city of Bath, Somerset, or for Lady Laura Pulteney, 1st Countess of Bath and daughter of Sir William Pulteney, one of the original landowners. Bath is the location of the Bath VA Medical Center (former old soldiers' home), Bath National Cemetery, and the Steuben County Fair, the oldest continuous fair in the United States.

History
The village was founded in 1793. The village was originally incorporated in 1816, but was not organized until 1836.

In addition to the Bath VA Medical Center, the James H. Bolton House, Campbell-Rumsey House, Cobblestone House, Davenport Library, Erie Freighthouse Historic District, The First Baptist Society of Bath, Gansevoort/East Steuben Streets Historic District, George W. Hallock House, Haverling Farm House, Liberty Street Historic District, McMaster House, Henry C. Myrtle House, Potter-Van Camp House, Martin A. Quick House, Reuben Robie House, Sedgwick House, William Shepherd House, United States Post Office, and M. J. Ward Feed Mill Complex are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Carl Carmer's novel "Genesee Fever," treating of the first white settlements in the region, is set largely in Bath. Bath was the site of the land office disposing of 1.2 million acres.

In 1804, Captain William Helm, a Virginian, settled in Bath with about 40 slaves, in an attempt to implant the plantation system in New York State.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km2), all land.

The village is adjacent to Interstate 86, a few miles east of the split with Interstate 390. New York State Route 54 intersects New York State Route 415 in the village. County Roads 10 and 13 also lead into Bath.

Bath is served by the Bath & Hammondsport Railroad which operates over former Delaware, Lackawanna & Western (DL&W) mainline trackage between a connection with Norfolk Southern in Painted Post, and the company's terminus in Cohocton. (Trackage to Wayland remains in place but is no longer used. Service on the original B&H between Bath and Hammondsport has also been discontinued.)

The Erie Railroad's Rochester Division once passed through Bath. The 1960 merger of the Erie and DL&W led to the creation of Erie-Lackawanna which was followed by the elimination of redundant trackage. The Erie line through Bath was abandoned, as was much of the DL&W west of Wayland. The result was a drastic reduction of railroad activity in Bath since traffic could be routed over the parallel ex-Erie mainline through the Canisteo River Valley.

Erie-Lackawanna was absorbed into the Consolidated Rail Corporation (Conrail) in 1976. In 1999, Conrail lines in the region were acquired by Norfolk Southern. Since then, the Bath & Hammondsport has become a subsidiary of the Livonia, Avon & Lakeville which currently operates the line, though not over any of its original route. Trains operate through Bath five days per week.

The Conhocton River flows through Bath, and Lake Salubria is a small artificial lake southeast of the village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,641 people, 2,612 households, and 1,400 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,959.9 PD/sqmi. There were 2,826 housing units at an average density of 981.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 96.19% White, 1.38% Black or African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.89% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.90% of the population.

There were 2,612 households, out of which 24.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.2% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.4% were non-families. 40.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $28,897, and the median income for a family was $39,114. Males had a median income of $31,685 versus $25,087 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,337. About 10.8% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.6% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 * Frank Bowes, former professional baseball player
 * Ira Davenport, former US Congressman
 * George Grueb (1835–1893), Medal of Honor recipient in the American Civil War, was buried in Bath.
 * Edward Howell, former US Congressman
 * Frank Fernando Jones, former Iowa legislator and businessman
 * Jermain Wesley Loguen (1813 – 1872), taught the first school for colored in Bath, 1843–1846, and was minister.
 * John Magee, former US Congressman
 * Reuben Robie, former US Congressman
 * David Rumsey, former US Congressman
 * Edwin S. Underhill, former US Congressman
 * James A. Wetmore, US acting Supervising Architect
 * William Woods, former US Congressman

title: Bath (village), New York


text:
Bath, New York

Bath is a town in Steuben County, New York, United States, with an area of 96.3 square miles (249 km2) and a population of 11,426 in 2020. Its largest settlement is the Village of Bath, which has an area of 2.9 sq mi (7.5 km2) and a population of 5,641 (in 2000). The Village is the county seat of Steuben County. The Town is located in the central part of the county, northwest of Elmira. The town and village are either named after the city of Bath in England or after Lady Bath, daughter of a landowner.

History

The town was founded in 1793 and was part of a land investment by wealthy Briton William Pulteney, and named after Bath, Somerset in England, where he owned extensive estates. It was created along with Steuben County in 1796 and became a mother town of the county, eventually yielding land to seven later towns. The Lackawanna Railroad opened its mainline through Bath, and opened a station, in 1882.

The first jailhouse was built in 1796 which was constructed out of logs at a location just west of Pulteney Square. It was eventually replaced by a more durable structure made of stone.

In 1828 a brick court-house was constructed which was destroyed by fire. Using the same plan, It was immediately replaced using the same foundation.

Geography
The United States Census Bureau lists the town's total area as 96.3 square miles (249.4 km2), of which 96.0 square miles (248.6 km2) is land and 0.3 square mile (0.8 km2)(0.32%) is water.

Interstate 86 (Southern Tier Expressway) passes through the town. New York State Route 54 and New York State Route 415 intersect in Bath village. New York State Route 53 has its southern terminus at NY-415 in the community of Kanona. New York State Route 226 passes through Savona.

The Cohocton River flows through the town past the hamlet of Kanona and the villages of Bath and Savona.

Communities and locations in the town of Bath

 * Bath village
 * Buck Settlement – A hamlet in the southwestern part of the town.
 * Coss Corners – A location south of Unionville on County Road 10.
 * Dudley Settlement – A hamlet south of Bath village, lying between Unionville and East Union.
 * East Union – A hamlet south of Bath village.
 * Haverling Heights – A community bordering the northern side of Bath village.
 * Kanona – A hamlet northwest of Bath village by Interstate 86. The village is centered on the intersection of NY-53, NY-415 and County Road 14.
 * Knight Settlement – A location in the northwestern part of the town on County Road 15.
 * Savona village
 * Sonora – A hamlet by the eastern town line.
 * Thomas Corners – A location in the southwestern part of the town.
 * Unionville – A hamlet south of Bath village on County Road 10.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bath has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 12,097 people, 4,905 households, and 3,050 families residing in the town. The population density was 126.0 PD/sqmi. There were 5,402 housing units at an average density of 56.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.04% White, 1.79% Black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.10% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.70% of the population.

There were 4,905 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,508, and the median income for a family was $39,625. Males had a median income of $30,456 versus $25,160 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,939. About 10.5% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.

Points of interest
It is the site of Bath VA Medical Center, established in 1877 and dedicated in 1879 as New York State Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. It is adjacent to the Bath National Cemetery.

Arts and culture
Bath has an annual dairy festival in June to celebrate the strong dairy-based economy of the area.

Notable people

 * George Brinski (alternatively spelled Beniski, Benninsky, and Brinske), Civil War substitute for future president Grover Cleveland
 * Joseph James DeAngelo, serial killer
 * Richard William Davis, child killer
 * Jermain Wesley Loguen, minister and educator, lived in Bath from 1843 to 1846

title: Bath, New York


text:
Canisteo (village), New York

Canisteo is a village in Steuben County, New York, United States. The population was 2,176 at the 2020 census.

The Village of Canisteo is in the northwest corner of the Town of Canisteo and is southeast of Hornell.

Native Americans
Canisteo existed as a community prior to European settlement, but there are different versions of who the inhabitants were and what the settlement consisted of. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Canisteo was in a remote area, between territories of the Seneca and Delaware Indians, "a sort of No Man's Land". There are references to a "Kanestio castle", but differing accounts of what it was, or even what was meant by "castle". One modern writer calls it "mysterious", noting that "facts about [it] are few and difficult to come by." A well-known version is that of Steuben County historian Harlo Hakes, published in 1896:

"Previous to the advent of the white man this town, and in fact the whole valley of the Canisteo, was the abiding place and favorite hunting and fishing grounds of the American Indians. The region was originally the land of the Senecas, but by sufferance the Delawares were permitted to occupy portions of it. We are told that within the limits of this town was once the Indian village of 'Kanestio,' where also lived a number of deserters from the British army and other renegades from the white settlements. The murder of two Dutch traders by these outlaws brought upon them the vengeance of Sir William Johnson, and the result was the destruction of their settlement." "The Delaware Indian town which had been dignified by some writers with the name of 'Kanestio Castle'...is said to have contained about sixty hewed log houses, with stone chimneys in each, and to have been the home or seat of operations of a noted 'Delaware King,' known as At-weet-sera." The destruction of the Indian village took place in 1765.

Colonial village of outlaws
According to William Stuart, "The history of Kanestio Castle constitutes the genesis of Steuben County". It is the first place in what became Steuben County to be mentioned in writing. Just what the word "castle" means is not clear, and precisely where it was is not known either. There is no mention of any castle in the European sense of a large stone building. It may mean nothing more than that it was a permanent, as opposed to transitory, settlement. The earliest description, from a French colonial historian of about 1690, is that Kanestio consisted of "'several score of houses built of timber, each having four stone chimneys, adjoining a natural meadow of several hundred arpents.' Kanestio Castle!". Another modern writer reports the same information as "a luxurious castle of logs, 26 ft long by 24 ft wide", now with four fireplaces. The stone chimneys are unquestionably a European artifact. The same French historian, describing an expedition south from what is today Kingston, Ontario, says that Kanestio was a community of European outlaws: ""A more worthless lot of renegades and villains, who had no hope of heaven or fear of hell, we never saw." They were from diverse backgrounds, and speaking different languages ("polyglot" ).

There is no further written reference to Kanestio for 72 years. In 1762 two Dutch traders, British subjects, were killed by "a brace of outlaws from the Castle," described in another source as "the Indians from Kanestio". Kanestio was then described as "the largest Delaware [Indian] town", but also according to the same source, it was "a village of lawless stragglers". The English governor Sir William Johnson, in response, sent a party of "Indians" and British troops in 1764, under the command of Andrew Montour. At Kanestio they "burned 60 good houses, a vast amount of corn, agricultural implements and saddles." The settlement at Kanestio Castle was eliminated.

An Indian village of Kanestio appears in the 1928 novel The Plains of Abraham, by James Curwood.

Early settlers
Settlers began arriving at what would become a new community around 1789. It was one of the first settlements in what is today Steuben County. Immigration and commerce were via what is today Pennsylvania, where the Canisteo River led to; there were no direct connections with Albany or New York City. The largest growth came after the Erie Railroad, which did provide a link to New York, arrived in 1851, when many factories opened. The village was incorporated in 1873.

The village of Canisteo was originally (prior to its incorporation) called Bennettsville. The original Canisteo, today a hamlet called Canisteo Center or Carson, was southeast of the present village, along the river. When the Erie Railroad was built in 1850, there was not room for a depot between the tracks and the Canisteo River, so the depot was built upriver, at the south of the tracks, on the west side of Depot Street. A "fairly large settlement", which disappeared in the twentieth century, grew up near the depot, on the north side of the river and tracks. Depot Street (renamed Railroad Street while the trolley ran down it) was built to connect the depot to the Canisteo House hotel. A large community, with businesses and shops, and other hotels, sprang up.

The railroad era
Railroad Street – Greenwood Street was in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the principal street of Canisteo. On an 1873 map, Main Street (neither East nor West) stretched from Railroad/Greenwood Street to what was later called Ordway Lane, where the street ended. In the other direction, one traveled north from Railroad/Greenwood Street along Hornellsville Street.

Until 1851, when the Erie Railroad began operations, traffic was via the Canisteo River. The Erie ended that traffic, although an undated picture, which must be post-Erie since it includes a bicycle, shows a horse-drawn "stage" making two trips a day to Hornell. Aside from that the Erie was the sole route until 1892, when the Hornellsville & Canisteo Railway (a trolley line) linked Canisteo with Hornell; the trolley passed by the Erie station, linking it via Depot Street with the center of Canisteo, over half a mile away. By road, the main connection was the Canisteo River Road, today (2019) Steuben County route 29 between Canisteo and Hornell, route 119 between Canisteo and Cameron. The new hard-surface road between Hornell and Canisteo that later became New York Route 36 was built in 1912. (That road was destroyed by Hurricane Agnes in 1972; the current four-lane route is higher up.) With the growth of automobiles this replaced the railroad, Depot St. declined in importance, and Hornellsville Street was turned into West Main Street and the former Main St. into East Main St. All Erie service to Canisteo ended in the 1940s; there were still freight trains, but none stopped in Canisteo.

The first manufacturer in the village was L. Allison's "large boot and shoe factory", founded in 1868.

A map with business notices from 1873 reveals that Canisteo had three physicians, one dentist, four attorneys, one tailor, one stable, a cooper, a foundry, three groceries and a meat market, and small manufacturers of shoes and boots, bee hives, a flour mill, a cheese factory, a rake factory, and some others. On Railroad Street (later Depot Street) was the Canisteo Steam Power Company, which manufactured steam engines and employed 10–12 workers. Perhaps it is because of it that Canisteo had a "Times Steam Print", the "Times" presumably a reference to the Canisteo Times, whose office was on Railroad Street.

In 1878 the manufactures of Canisteo amounted to a million dollars. At various times there were factories making buttons, rulers, dresses, signs, Superior registers, baskets, and car springs.

A picture from 1880 reveals that on the west side of Greenwood St. there was a bookstore run by Allison B. Laine. A J. H. Stewart owned, at 23 Main St. (later East Main St.) a store selling pianos, organs, and sheet music.

An American LaFrance fire engine was purchased in 1881. The Canisteo Water Works was built in 1887; the bandstand in the park in 1888.

In 1888 Canisteo was described as prosperous. "While the factories over the country are reducing the hours of labor her industries are wide-awake, and have more than enough to keep them running full time."

In the late 19th century Canisteo was a temperance community. This was seen as progressive.

In 1890 Canisteo had a professional baseball team.

In 1891 the Farmer's Co-Operative Insurance Company was organized in Canisteo, and grew to be "one of the most successful fire insurance companies in the state". The same clipping reveals that in 1925 there was a potato club in Canisteo, with a membership of 32 boys and the support of the Erie Railroad and "the state school of agriculture at Alfred".

In 1892, 20 arc lights were installed for street illumination.

A business directory of 1893 reports that: Canisteo "has a bank, weekly newspaper, four churches, well-equipped fire department, three hotels, and a first-class academy. Very few villages of its size have the industries equal to this place. The principal ones are the manufacturing of doors, sash and blinds, boots and shoes, leather, fence wire, incandescent lamps, hubs and spokes, washing machines, etc."

In 1898 Canisteo got gas from Hornell for heating, after an earlier experiment in generating it in Canisteo.

20th century
Canisteo got telephone service about 1902. It got dial service about 1950; the original building, on Fifth St., is still (2015) in use. Numbers were four digits, beginning with 2- or 4-, and the only pay phone in town, in the school, with 8-. However, it was an isolated island until the commercial center of Hornell got dial service in 1963. To call Hornell, one dialed 3- for a Hornell operator. This is probably a reason why Hornell's exchange, 324, begins with a 3-. The only other dialable location was the hamlet of Cameron, whose exchange was accessed by dialing 5-, perhaps reflected in Cameron's exchange (607) 695-.

Presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan spoke in Canisteo in 1924.

To create parking for downtown merchants, in the 1950s The Green, Canisteo's central park, between East Main, Greenwood, South Main, and Maple Streets, was sacrificed. It had had an old-fashioned, huge drinking fountain; older photos show a small bandstand.

Businesses and industries
A number of small manufacturing establishments existed along Depot Street in the nineteenth century; there were 10 factories in Canisteo in 1873. These included the Voorhis planing mill, a site later taken over by the Canisteo Sash & Door Company in 1885. These were located at the site of the present Canisteo trailer park (which replaced a waste materials company that occupied the site after the factory's closure). The Henry Carter and Son foundry, founded in 1873, renamed the Canisteo Steam Power Company, manufactured steam engines and many other metal products. In 1890, it employed 10 men.

The Tucker button factory was also located on Depot Street. In 1908 the factory was occupied by the Thomas Spring & Gear Company, which manufactured shock absorbers for Ford cars, using an invention patented by Charles L. Thomas of Canisteo.

Other manufacturers included the Canisteo Silk Mill, on Russell St., which in the 1920s had 200 employees and was the only such factory in the country. There was also a small sawmill, on Third St.; and Scott's Dairy, a milk processor, located on Depot St. near the rail line. Scott's had a small ice cream shop on the north side of West Main St.

For more information on and pictures of Canisteo's industries, and the fires which destroyed several of them, see Virginia Dickey's "The Canisteo of the 1890s".

Between 1894 and 1935, the offices, repair shop, and depot of the New York & Pennsylvania Railroad were located in Canisteo, where, until 1917, when passenger service was discontinued, there was also a staffed station, on the east side of the central park. On the west side of the central park was a stop of the Hornell Traction Company.

The Canisteo Theater, which closed in the 1950s, was a brick building on the west side of Greenwood St., demolished around 2000.

The only significant industry in Canisteo today is the Welles Bros. sign factory, which began operations in 1955 from a leased building, now (2015) abandoned, on Fifth Street; in 1967 it moved to its present (2015) building at 92 Depot St.

Newspapers

 * The Canisteo Reporter was being published in 1873, according to a map of that date. Editor and proprietor was J. D. Adams.
 * The Canisteo Citizen was published from 1874 to 1875. Editor and proprietor was J. S. van Alstin. The Kanestio Historical Society has a copy of Volume 1, No. 2, dated March 11, 1874.
 * The Canisteo Times, "an independent family journal, devoted to home interests", was published from 1875 to 1889. Editor and publisher was A. H. Bunnell. Another source says: "The Times was established in 1876 by S. H. Jennings and in April, 1886, was sold to F. B. Smith, who conducted it with ability and success." From 1889 to 1892 it was the Canisteo Weekly Times, "devoted to the interests of Canisteo first, last and all the time", and was edited and published by Frank B. Smith and Frank A. Fay. "In April, 1892, Mr. Frank A. Fay become the editor and publisher and made it the Prohibition organ of Steuben County. It attained a wide circulation and exerted a powerful influence in promulgating temperance and good order.... On account of poor health, in January, 1900, he disposed of his interest in the Times to J. C. Latham, who is now its editor and proprietor. It is now published in the interest of the Republican party; has twelve pages, and is issued weekly."  The Canisteo Times continued to be published until 1957, from an office and small plant on the west side of Depot Street. Descendants of J.C. Latham were the publishers.
 * In 1892 Fay resumed publication of the Canisteo Times, which was acquired by J. Claude Latham and became the weekly Times-Republican from 1900–1908.
 * "The Canisteo Tidings, at its inception in 1890, was published at Troupsburg, Steuben County, as The Farmers' Weekly, by Elmer E. Reynolds. The plant and paper were removed to Canisteo in 1894. It was last published by James N. Osincup and Clarence C. Potter, but it did not retain its patronage in the locality where it was established, and is not now [1896] in circulation."
 * The weekly Canisteo Chronicle "was born in 1900, to Leon Hough, a grandson of Edwin Hough, the famous old printer, founder and long-time editor and publisher of the Hornellsville Tribune, the pioneer newspaper of the upper Painted Post country. The newspaper germ appears to be alive, active and at work in this family. Part of the material, presses and equipment of the formerly vigorous and extensively circulated Herald, of Hornell, is used in the Chronicle office." End date is unknown.

The Canisteo Express (Addison, 1850), the Canisteo Valley Journal (Hornellsville, 1858–1862), and the Canisteo Valley Times (Hornellsville, 1867–?) were not published within the current (2020) Town of Canisteo.

Schools
In the Village of Canisteo are located the Canisteo-Greenwood Elementary, Middle, and High Schools. (See Town of Canisteo.)

Transportation
The former Erie Railroad began operations in 1851. The line passed to the east of Canisteo, and passenger service was provided, though ending in the 1940s; the depot stood vacant for decades before being demolished. From 1892 to 1926 the Hornellsville and Canisteo Railway linked Hornell via the Erie depot in Canisteo with the center of Canisteo. It was replaced by bus service, although there have been gaps when no public transportation was available. From 1896 to 1936, the New York & Pennsylvania Railroad (not to be confused with the Western New York and Pennsylvania Railway) started at the depot and ran south toward Rexville.

Around 1900, the Erie Railroad had 10 passenger trains each day, the New York & Pennsylvania had 3, and the trolley had 20. In 1891 the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad had 3 eastbound and 4 westbound trains per day. In 1892, Canisteo was the terminus of the route to Olean of the Central New York and Western Railway, which bought the assets of the bankrupt Lackawanna and Southwestern Railway Company.

Flood control system
The village of Canisteo was severely impacted by the flood of July 1935, until that time the greatest since modern settlement began. Using federal funding, two levees were constructed, one beginning on the northwest of the village, ending on the southeast, protecting it from the Canisteo River. The other was built to the east of the village, protecting it from Bennett's Creek and Purdy Creek. Bennett's Creek, which formerly ran through the village, about where Bennett St. is now (2019), was rerouted; this added the land with Elm Street, which street does not exist on early maps. The current bridges of Route 36 over Bennett's Creek and Route 248 over Purdy Creek were also constructed as part of this project, as was the village's sewer system. The only flooding in the village since this construction was a result of Hurricane Agnes, in 1972, at which time the Canisteo River reached its highest recorded height.

Living sign
The village is home of the "world famous living sign" which was once featured in a Ripley's "Believe it or Not!" book. The sign spells out the name of the village in Scots Pine trees and has been around for more than fifty years. It is viewable from Greenwood Street near the elementary school. The sign, which has almost a perfect North/South axis, is still used by the armed services to orient true north when flying over it. The Canisteo Living Sign was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

USS Canisteo
A US Navy fleet oil frigate (AO-99) once held the name USS Canisteo. It was utilized until the 1990s and even served time as part of the Cuban blockade during the missile crisis of the 1960s. The ship's official motto was "If freedom were easy we wouldn't be here". See USS Canisteo (AO-99).

Steamer Canisteo
In the 1890s, a steamer named Canisteo operated on the Great Lakes.

Canisteo Peninsula, Antarctica
The Canisteo Peninsula is an ice-covered peninsula in Antarctica.

Geography
Canisteo is located at 42.27°N, -77.60639°W (42.270178, -77.606616).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.0 square miles (2.5 km2), all land.

The village is located at the junction of New York State Route 36 and New York State Route 248. County Route 28 joins New York State Route 36 south of the village and County Route 119 passes the north side of Canisteo.

The Canisteo River, flowing southeasterly, passes the northern side of the village, where it is joined by Bennetts Creek.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,336 people, 948 households, and 626 families residing in the village. The population density was 2,415.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,024 housing units at an average density of 1,058.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.16% White, 0.21% Black or African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.16% of the population.

There were 948 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.2% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $32,269, and the median income for a family was $42,560. Males had a median income of $31,129 versus $22,857 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,818. About 7.8% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 3.1% of those age 65 or over.

Sister cities
The following city has been identified as a sister city of Canisteo by Sister Cities International:
 * 🇦🇺 Wauchope, New South Wales, Australia

title: Canisteo (village), New York