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Mark Philippoussis

Mark Anthony Philippoussis (born 7 November 1976) is an Australian tennis coach and former professional tennis player of Greek and Italian descent. Philippoussis' greatest achievements are winning two Davis Cup titles with Australia in 1999 and 2003, winning the deciding rubber in the final of each. He also reached the final of the 1998 US Open and the 2003 Wimbledon singles tournaments. Philippoussis reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 8.

Philippoussis has had a minor career in modelling and starred in the American reality television dating show Age of Love. He is nicknamed 'the Scud', after the Scud missile. He is also known in Australia as “The Pou”.

Background
Mark Philippoussis (Μαρκ Φιλιππούσης, ) was born in Melbourne to a Greek father, Nikolaos ("Nick"), and an Italian mother, Rossana; and was educated at Maribyrnong College and later at Wesley College. He is of the Catholic faith.

Beginnings
Coached by his father, Nick, the right-hander has played tennis since he was six years of age. He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. He was briefly coached by former 1987 Wimbledon champion Pat Cash, which ended in an acrimonious split in 2000. In 1994, he finished third in singles ranking for juniors. Philippoussis also finished as junior doubles champion with Ben Ellwood in Australia, Wimbledon, and Italy. He turned professional in 1994.

In 1995, at the age of 19, he was the youngest player in the year-end top 50. In 1996, he reached the 4th round of the Australian Open upsetting Pete Sampras in the 3rd round and in doubles with Patrick Rafter. On 25 May 1997, he recorded a personal best 229.0 km/h (142.3 mph) serve in a game he lost to Albert Costa. During the height of his career, Philippoussis was known as having one of the fastest serves in the game.

Rise to top 10
At the 1998 US Open U.S. Open, Philippoussis reached his first Grand Slam final, losing to fellow Australian Patrick Rafter. In January 1999, Philippoussis and Jelena Dokić won the Hopman Cup for Australia, defeating Sweden's Åsa Carlsson and Jonas Björkman in the final tie. This was the first time that Australia won the Hopman Cup and the only time until Nick Kyrgios and Daria Gavrilova won in January 2016.

On March 14 1999, Mark Philippoussis defeated Carlos Moyá, 5–7, 6–4, 6–4, 4–6, 6–2 in final of Indian Wells Masters. On 29 March 1999, Philippoussis entered the top 10 for the first time and stayed there for 10 weeks. He advanced to the quarter-finals at Wimbledon in 1999 for the second straight year, where he retired in the second set against Sampras after having won the first set. During that match, Philippoussis suffered a moderate cartilage tear in his left knee and underwent arthroscopic surgery four days later. Sampras later remarked that he "dodged a bullet out there". Philippoussis returned to professional tennis seven weeks later at the Indianapolis Tennis Championships and lost his second-round match after receiving a bye in the first round. He did not play again until October in Singapore, where he lost in the second round. He finished 1999 at No. 19.

2000 was the fourth consecutive year in which Philippoussis finished in the top 20, at No. 11. He reached the fourth round at the Australian Open, losing to eventual champion Andre Agassi. He defeated No. 2 Sampras 8–6 in the fifth set at the French Open in a first-round match, but lost in the fourth round to Juan Carlos Ferrero. For the third consecutive year, he made it to the quarterfinals at Wimbledon, losing again to Agassi. He appeared in his second Olympic Games in Sydney, losing in the third round to eventual gold medalist Yevgeny Kafelnikov.

Philippoussis finished 2002 in the top 100 (seventh time in eight years), despite not winning a title. He moved from Miami to the San Diego area in September 2002.

Davis Cup
Philippoussis has always claimed to be proud of representing his country in Davis Cup, but personal differences with John Newcombe and Tony Roche interfered with his commitment early in his career. Despite several highly publicised feuds, Philippoussis played a large part in giving Australia their 27th Davis Cup triumph—second only to the United States with 31—but it was their first since 1986. In 1999 he defeated Cédric Pioline, 6–3, 5–7, 6–1, 6–2, in Nice, France.

Injuries plagued Philippoussis's availability for Davis Cup and was the cause of a public rift between team-mates Patrick Rafter and Lleyton Hewitt. Rafter publicly accused Philippoussis of jerking the team around after he withdrew from a Davis Cup tie in late 2000. Philippoussis said Rafter was ill-informed and upset by the lack of support and understanding from his team-mates.

Knee surgeries forced Philippoussis out of Davis Cup until February 2003. By then, Pat Rafter had retired, and John Fitzgerald and Wally Masur were the new Davis Cup captain and coach. Philippoussis sealed victory for Australia in the Melbourne Final against Spain. Philippoussis beat Spain's Juan Carlos Ferrero in a 7–5, 6–3, 1–6, 2–6, 6–0 battle. Philippoussis suffered a pectoral tear at the end of the second set, which caused him to lose the third and fourth sets. He regrouped in the fifth set and beat Ferrero 6–0.

2003–2005: Comeback
After three knee operations, Philippoussis embarked on a protracted comeback. He made himself available regularly for Davis Cup, hired a new physical trainer, and took up surfing as his new recreation. He made the 2003 Wimbledon final, finally losing to Roger Federer, 6–7(5–7), 2–6, 6–7(3–7).

During a 2003 Wimbledon tennis match against Andre Agassi (6–3, 2–6, 6–7(4–7), 6–3, 6–4), he set a new Australian tennis record of 46 aces served in a match, three aces short of the overall ATP Tour record then held by Richard Krajicek.

Philippoussis broke a two-year singles-title drought by winning the Shanghai Open in 2003. On 30 November 2003, he defeated Juan Carlos Ferrero of Spain to win the fourth match of the Davis Cup final in Melbourne, securing the title for Australia. At the end of 2003, Philippoussis received the ATP Comeback Player of the Year award.

The honeymoon period with the Australian public, however, did not last. 2004 proved a disastrous year in terms of his tennis career and public profile. After shouldering most of the blame for losing Australia's Davis Cup tie with Sweden with an unexpected below-par performance, Philippoussis struggled through to the Wimbledon fourth round in June 2004. From Wimbledon in June until the end of the season in October, he failed to win a single ATP tennis match and finished with one of his lowest rankings since turning professional in 1994.

In October 2004, a much-publicised affair with Delta Goodrem had soured and seriously damaged his standing, after newspapers alleged that he had dated Paris Hilton while with Goodrem. In March 2005, he became engaged to actress and model Alexis Barbara. The Age reported the pair had split in July 2006, but Philippoussis denied this to Australian tabloid New Idea; they did split some time before he began filming Age of Love.

2006: Return

After some controversy over his wildcard selection after a disappointing 2006 Australian Open, Philippoussis made more headlines when he again earned entry into the 2006 Wimbledon. He was defeated in the second round.

Leading into the Campbell's Hall of Fame Championships as a wildcard, his record was a modest 6–7. He had a fantastic run in the tournament, getting to the final, where he defeated Justin Gimelstob in straight sets to claim his first title in almost three years.

He confirmed to Sydney's Daily Telegraph on 23 August 2006, that he "parted ways with" his father as his coach and rehired Peter McNamara in an attempt to revive his career.

Philippoussis, then ranked No. 114, lost to Rafael Nadal as a wildcard entry in the first round of the 2006 US Open. The Australian Davis Cup team lost against Argentina in an unpredictable 5–0. On 22 September, Philippoussis was defeated by David Nalbandian 4–6, 3–6, 3–6, in the first match of the series.

Philippoussis played in a series of Challenger tournaments after the Davis Cup semifinals. Philippoussis won the Calabasas tournament, defeating Amer Delic, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–4), 6–3, in the final.

2007
Philippoussis beat Russian Dmitry Tursunov, 6–4, 7–6, at the 2007 Hopman Cup. However, during his second match against Jérôme Haehnel, he was forced to retire after hyperextending his knee. An MRI showed that he had torn cartilage in his knee, forcing him to miss the rest of the season.

2008
Philippoussis acquired a protected ranking of No. 119 and was allowed to use that ranking for entry into eight tournaments. Tennis Australia, not being happy with his lack of matchplay and unwillingness to play the Australian Open wildcard playoff, told him that he would not be given any special treatment and would have to earn his wildcard. This forced him to use one of his protected ranking tournament entries.

In his first match of the Australian Open Wildcard playoff, he was drawn against reigning Australian Open juniors champion Brydan Klein and had a fiery contest. After a remark from Klein, Philippoussis was quoted as saying, "You say that to me again and you're in trouble; you're not playing juniors any more." He came out the victor in straight sets, 6–3, 7–5, and thus began his comeback in good form. Philippoussis then lost his second match to Sam Groth, 4–6, 3–6, but due to other players' injuries, he advanced to the quarterfinals, where he was to play Rameez Junaid. However, due to another knee injury requiring surgery, Philippoussis was unable to play.

2010
Philippousis appeared in a pro tour match for the first time since November 2006, when he lost to fifth seed Michael Yani, 4–6, 4–6, in the first round of the Challenger of Dallas. Philippousis also competed in some of the events on the Champions Series, winning two tournaments and topping the rankings for 2010.

2012
Philippoussis has played for the Philadelphia Freedoms of World Team Tennis this summer. The Freedoms used the No. 1 overall pick to draft Philippoussis, who previously played for the team in 2002. He was the team's marquee player on 25 July 2012 when they faced the Boston Lobsters and travelled with the team to their matches against the Sacramento Capitals and Orange County Breakers.

2015: Return to ATP World Tour
Philippoussis contested his first match on the ATP World Tour in nine years since winning the 2006 Newport title, after receiving a wild card into the qualifying rounds of the 2015 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships at 38 years of age. He lost to Eric Quigley 6–7(1–7), 6–7(4–7). Philippoussis also played doubles in the tournament with Ryan Harrison, winning the first round to make it to the quarter-finals before losing to the second seeds Austin Krajicek and Rajeev Ram. Afterwards, Philippousis said: "It was just about playing one event. There's no talk about a comeback. Down the line if I see something, maybe close to California, I might do that. It's one event and that's it."

2017
Philippoussis won the 2017 RPIA Championships in Toronto, defeating Andy Roddick in the finals.

Equipment
In early 2000s, Philippoussis wore apparel manufactured by Fila on court, and used Dunlop 200G racquet.

Television
In 2020, Philippoussis competed as the 'Echidna' in the second season of The Masked Singer Australia and was the first contestant eliminated, placing 12th overall.

Age of Love
Philippoussis starred as the bachelor in the reality television dating show Age of Love on the NBC television network, in June 2007.

The show centred around women in or near their 40s and women in their 20s competing for his affection. At first Philippoussis, unaware of the special format of the show, was shocked at the ages of the "cougars" as the older women were called. He was shocked again after learning he would also be dating younger women ("kittens"). The final dates occurred in his hometown of Melbourne, Australia, including a date at Moonlit Sanctuary. In the end, Philippoussis chose Amanda Salinas (the 25-year-old Nashville Predators dancer) because it "wouldn't work out" with Jen, the 48-year-old assistant to Jerry Buss.

Personal life
In 2004, he began a nine-month relationship with Australian singer Delta Goodrem. Her "comeback" single, "Out of the Blue", was written about his support during her cancer battle. The couple's relationship ended in controversy when newspapers reported Philippoussis had been unfaithful.

In May 2009, Philippoussis declared that all his money was gone and that he would lose his home of residence. In a writ lodged with the Supreme Court on 15 May 2009, it was alleged Philippoussis took out a loan through his company Mergis Pty Ltd which he personally guaranteed. The writ claims Mergis – of which Philippoussis is the sole director, secretary and shareholder – defaulted less than a year later. The lender is seeking $1,313,351.96, plus interest, costs and possession of the house, or is threatening to go to trial. The Perpetual Trustee Company Ltd is listed in court documents as the plaintiff, but a company spokesman said her firm had provided funds to another company which was the one foreclosing. The other company is not detailed on the writ, but Philippoussis said it was Pepper Home Loans – a company that provides loans through mortgage brokers. Philippoussis took out a mortgage in February 2008. He said he was three months behind, adding that each monthly payment was more than $10,000. "I haven't played tennis since 2006, and tennis is one of those sports where if you don't play, you don't get paid", he said. In September 2009, his father Nick Philippoussis – a tennis coach and accused sex offender – also faced the threat of bankruptcy over financial institution debts.

Later in 2009, while in the US attempting to restart his tennis career, he dated and was engaged to actress Jennifer Esposito but the engagement ended a year later.

Philippoussis' former stepmother is Yan Cui.

He married Romanian-born model Silvana Lovin in September 2013. Lovin gave birth to their first child, a boy, in 2014, and had their second child, a girl, in 2018.

In July 2023, Philippoussis was fined US$10,000 by the International Tennis Integrity Agency for breaching betting sponsorship rules.

Singles
1This event was held in Stockholm through 1994, Essen in 1995, and Stuttgart from 1996 through 2001.

title: Mark Philippoussis


text:
Talk:Agent Cody Banks (movie)

Why is the {movie} disambiguation necessary? RickK 06:44 5 Jul 2003 (UTC)

It is standard practice. Many movie titles if not already known can be misread as referring to real people, real locations, real events or in other ways cause confusion. The disambigulation is put in so that when what is being talked about is a movie, it is immediately apparent without the reader having to go into the article to check. Many non-Americans resent the use of the American word movie however and increasingly where it is obvious the item is not american, (film) is put in instead, with (movie) used to refer to American motion pictures. But whichever word is used, it is used to provide immediate clarity. FearÉIREANN 06:53 5 Jul 2003 (UTC)

So should all movie articles have the same disambiguation? RickK 06:54 5 Jul 2003 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Agent Cody Banks (movie)


text:
Talk:Alcoholic drinks in China

Move to Chinese wine?
Move to Chinese wine? --Jiang
 * When I wrote this initially, I tried to use the native names, e.g. Yuk Bing Shiu is a rice wine originated in the south, most likely in Canton. I used its Cantonese name.  But someone changed it into Mandarin.  It is okay either way, but shouldn't names be left in their native pronunciation?  Kowloonese 20:06, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * no, the Cantonese shouldnt be replaced. it should be in both forms, separated by a slash --Jiang 20:50, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Separate articles?
What is the thought about having each wine (or at least the major ones) in a separate article? Like European wines are in Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, etc.? Badagnani 15:49, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * In all other forein versions, distilled types and fermented types are separate. I think at least this article should be separated into two.210.196.67.37 09:51, 25 January 2006 (UTC)
 * This is a separate issue. I am uncertain now whether mijiu might actually be distilled also, then diluted.  The bottle of cooking mijiu I just bought says that it's "distilled rice wine."  Badagnani 22:32, 30 January 2006 (UTC)
 * My understanding is that "white liquor" can be both distilled and made "as is", where as "yellow liquor" (red and black also exist) is only "as is". Addition of herbs and spices can be done pre and post fermentation and also after distillation. Each of these vary with the type and brand of liquor. As for the actual manufacturing process, very little information exists on this topic in both english and chinese web sources (The information I entered is gleaned from Japanese sites). What is known is that the production technique/process is similar to the way Japanese and Korean liquors are made, with the inclusion of certain herbs, spices, or fermenting microbes. Some chinese liquors are also fortified with other liquors (in the sense that European port is fortified wine). Some manufacturers also have an interesting habit of fortifying their "natural" liquor with industrial ethanol, which, while not exactly toxic is still not a pleasant thought. I do see this article splitting or budding out in the future, but first more information and sources are needede. Sjschen 05:57, 21 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Do you by chance know the characters for "hung lu jiu" (maybe not the right pinyin), a red-colored (and bad-smelling, IMO) cooking wine that is one grade below shaoxingjiu?  Kowloonese was asking about it below.  Badagnani 06:11, 21 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm not a big fan of Chinese rice wines, most likely because I have not been exposed it extensively. As such I have not really paid much attention to what's out there. I do think Ihave seen "huang lu jiu" before but I have never tried it. Sjschen 06:55, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

Mijiu
Why are mijiu, shaoxing, hung lu, etc. not mentioned in this article? Badagnani 00:15, 2 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Mijiu is just a generic name. It literally means "rice wine". You will find several examples of mijiu in the article if you read carefully.  Shaoxing is also mentioned in the section about Huadiao

 * Huadiao jiu, Nü'er hong, and Shaoxing jiu are basically made of the same wine except they are named differently depending on the age, the container and how they are used. It is not uncommon to have Huadiao aged 50 years or more.

 * Sorry, I cannot disamb what hung lu is. Do you know the native text of it?Kowloonese 19:25, 25 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't know the characters for hung lu but I'll look.

Xiaomi jiu
This text is found in the sake article. Can it be added (if correct) to this article?
 * "Chinese millet wine, xǐao mǐ jǐu (小米酒), made the same way, is mentioned in inscriptions from the 14th century BC as being offered to the gods in religious rituals." Badagnani 10:01, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

"New" information
This text was just removed from the Maotai article but belongs here, if accurate. Is any of this useful? Badagnani 22:27, 24 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Was going to write something like that, it sounds good. Sjschen 21:40, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 * [Removed], since incorporated into article. — Llywelyn II   09:23, 8 November 2013 (UTC)

Another classification system?
Sjschen, here's another possible classification system that you might want to add if it's legit. Courtesy of Kowloonese:
 * Apparently, Chinese wine can be classified by their fragrances. Googling 酱香酒 found me a page talking about different Chinese wine categories: 中国酒的香型也很多，主要有以茅台为代表的酱香酒 (sauce fragrance)，以泸州老窖为代表的浓香酒 (heavy fragrance)，以山西汾酒为代表的清香酒 (light fragrance)，还有米香型 (rice fragrance)、蜂香型 (Honey fragrance) 等等，这些酒都是蒸溜酒. See also for more on the fragrance classification. Not sure what "sauce" really mean, but I don't think it is related to cooking though.  Kowloonese 00:29, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Badagnani 19:48, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * No idea, will do some research. Sjschen 19:59, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * 烧酒 is a common misused term. In reality it should only be used for strong liquors that have been distilled to have such a high alcohol percentage for it to burn in the atmosphere. If a "liquor" (酒) can not "burn" (烧), then it can not be called 烧酒. However it seems nothing can stop the ignorant from calling almost any type of liquor as 烧酒. Usally in order for a liquor to burn, it must have more than 40% alcohol in it. Its high burning sensation is caused by the high level of alcohol in it and not by anything else. The real reson why you can not find liquors that come with such a strong burning sensation as that of which is give off by the 烧酒 is because it just don't have enough alcohol in it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 211.30.239.237 (talk) 08:59, 9 February 2008 (UTC)
 * We really need more expertise on this one. Benjwong (talk) 16:25, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

Syntax suggestions
Suggestions: 1) "leaven" is not often used except in an old sense, to describe yeast used in the rising of bread (not in the fermentation of alcoholic beverages).  Suggestion:  replace with "yeast."  Does this make sense in the translation from Chinese?  2) "Unctuous"/"unctuousness" is not a well known word in English. Further, it doesn't have a good connotation--it means kind of greasy or ointment-like. Could we use a different word? I assume it means that it has a "creamy" or somewhat viscous "mouth feel," so there must be a number of other terms that could substitute for "unctuous" that could be borrowed from wine tasting terminology. Badagnani 21:08, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm fine with changing "leaven", but not to "yeast". The cake/powedr is a mass of yeast and mold, as such I prefer either "starter" or "innoculant". As for "unctuousness", it is not a common english word, but then again, it's VERY difficult to describe food taste in English in general. Words like 甘 is impossible to describe and translate into English. Heck "umami" has only recently been adopted, and I think "unctuous" is a great word. This is a good first step in getting people to gain more vocab, cuz people need more words. Sjschen 21:59, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, unctuous is a good word. If you think "unctuous" accurate describes the mouthfeel, then I guess it's OK.  It sounded like the kind of word one of those little electronic Chinese-English dictionaries might spit out.

 * Regarding the mold-yeast cake, who knows what to call it? Leaven specifically refers (from its Latin root) to the verb "to rise" and in this case there's no rising of bread going on, just fermentation and conversion of the starches in the grains.  Badagnani 22:05, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

 * This is why I prefer "starter" to "leaven" and even "inoculant". Specifically a starter is a starch cultivated with yeast and some other organism. In sourdough bread this is yeast+lactobaccili+flour, in chinese liquour it's yeast+(asper./rhisopus)+rice.

 * On another note, I think we should just start using the term "liquor" instead of saying "wine", other than in the context of "chinese wine. I think this will improve the article, at least in terms of editing.

 * By the way "uctuous" is often used in the culinary world to describe "viscous and rich mouth feel", which is why I think more of the public should start to learn it. I also doubt that Chi. to Eng. will contain such a word, since it's not quite popular in ESL courses ;) Sjschen 06:49, 29 April 2006 (UTC)
 * In fact "unctious" is orginally a culinary term,  and the usage to describe a slightly unpleasant person came later.  It is related to the word "unction" which originally had some kind of food meaning,  and persists in the catholic phrase "extreme unction".Eregli bob (talk) 06:15, 29 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Regardless, it's a poor word to use now. — Llywelyn II   09:23, 8 November 2013 (UTC)

Good article
Great work, Sjschen and all others. Do you think this article qualifies as a "good article" yet? Badagnani 21:54, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Getting there, but still quite far. Maybe we should focus more on tofu to get it to “good article”, if not featured :) Sjschen 21:59, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

Yellow and white Articles
Now that we have Y and W classifications, maybe should start dividing production to Yellow and White liquors. If anything this may eventually spawn 2 new articles. Sjschen 22:08, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I think 2 articles is premature, but if you think production should be split into yellow and white that makes sense. But, as you edited before, the yellow wine leads into the white because the latter is made from the former.

 * My previous splitting of wine names under "fermented" and "distilled" could be changed to "yellow" and "white," as well -- what do you think? The alcohol percentage ranges of each should probably be kept in the headings, though, because it's not just the color that's different, but also the strength.  Badagnani 22:14, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Sounds good Sjschen 23:02, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Hold on -- there *is* a "white liquor" article -- Baijiu. So there could probably be an equivalent Huangjiu article as well.  But there will be overlap between Chinese wine and these articles.  I guess the Baijiu and Huangjiu articles could be more specific.  Badagnani 22:19, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Sounds good. Though I think it will be a little bit more time before we will need to expand in that direction Sjschen 23:02, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

Question about
Should this character 曲 also mean "yeast"? That isn't one of the definitions here: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B2. Badagnani 06:11, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

Further question: 麴 is listed here as first tone, but the wiktionary entry lists it as a different tone. Which is incorrect? Badagnani 23:03, 29 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm tempted to say that it's regional variation or the something like the evolution of language in progress. I've heard it pronouned both ways, however it's not confusing because the context of its use disambiguates it. In short I think they are both correct, though I personally favor "qú". Sjschen 01:02, 30 April 2006 (UTC)
 * The regional variation makes sense, as for example in Cantonese words like "gam gwaat" will change characters from the original version to make the spelling more "logical."

 * But what about the simplified character (my question above)? Badagnani 01:56, 30 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, but it's more a word that needs to be used in context of 酒. Used by itself, no one will think of it as yeast, which is why I'm content in saying that's it's also the simplified character for 麴. See my comment in Talk:Red yeast rice Sjschen 03:06, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

Need Chinese character help
Can someone tell me the third character in this wine's name? photo Badagnani 19:38, 29 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Found it. Badagnani 19:54, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

Time to split
This article has gathered enough stuff about yellow and white liquors to be split up. Do you think we should move the classification and types of white liquor to baijiu? Should chinese wine become "yellow liquor" or should it remain to contain information about both white and yellow liquors? Sjschen 03:31, 30 April 2006 (UTC)
 * This is a hard question. Of course, the baijiu article does duplicate very closely the baijiu section in the Chinese wine article.  I'm afraid I don't have an answer; the problem being that yellow and white liquors are closely related.  I was thinking of just a disambig article called "Chinese wine" that would have nothing but links to "yellow liquor" and "baijiu" articles, but that's probably not good because Chinese wine should have an overview article on all wines, as we have it now.

 * Maybe the details on the varieties (which is getting long, especially for white liquors) should be moved into baijiu. Keep brief details on general history and types of Chinese wines in Chinese wine and move specific details to baijiu and yellow wine articles.  I think I'd be okay with that.  Badagnani 03:37, 30 April 2006 (UTC)
 * In that case I guess I'll keeep on adding to this article for a bit more. Sjschen 23:32, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Definition?
Can someone define this? 碧綠酒 The first character is hard because it can mean several different things. Badagnani 07:15, 30 April 2006 (UTC)
 * My guess is emerald/jade green wineSjschen 23:31, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Move Back To Wine
I believe that this article should be moved back to wine as was discussed much earlier in this talk section. -Vcelloho 00:55, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Move to Chinese alcoholic beverages
Move. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 11:38, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Chinese wine → Chinese alcoholic beverages or something else

The article deals with what Chinese call jiu whcih is all alcoholic beverages. As the first line of the article states: "Jiu is the Chinese word that refers to all alcoholic beverages. This word has often been 'mistranslated into English as 'wine', although the meaning is closer to 'alcoholic beverage' or 'liquor.'" The article covers no true wines and less than half even deals with rice "wines". (True wines are dealt with at Wine in China.) —  AjaxSmack   02:23, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

Related move request at Talk:Korean wine. —  AjaxSmack   04:55, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's naming conventions.

 * Tally in the discussion - Support : Oppose = 7 : 2 --Appletrees (talk) 00:50, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Keep at Chinese wine. Most common English usage for such beverages, a catch-all term for both fermented and distilled alcoholic beverages. Badagnani (talk) 02:32, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Please show evidence that "wine" is common English usage for a distilled beverage. I have never heard Whisk(e)y, Gin, Vodka, Tequila or other spirits called "wine" even in common parlance. —   AjaxSmack   08:24, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

You narrow down the definition of "wine" to only alcoholic beverage made of grape. "True wine" does not only refer to the wine, but also "the fermented juice of any of various other fruits or plants" according to the American Heritage and Mirriam Webster Dictionary.--Appletrees (talk) 02:44, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Oppose Changed my mind. --Appletrees (talk) 04:27, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Agree. However, what is covered here is much more than "fermented juice."  Distilled liquors, which are not wines, are treated as well. —   AjaxSmack   08:24, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I would argue that the use of the term "wine" to refer to non-grape-based drinks is archaic or limited to very specific circumstances (which I listed below), and that "Chinese wine" is not one of them. "Wine" is never used to refer to fermented drinks.  Alexwoods (talk) 20:16, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment - "Wine" is never used to refer to fermented drinks? Is wine not produced via fermentation? Badagnani (talk) 21:05, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Support after consideration - I'm persuaded by the other party's rationale. Clearly, the current title is confusing and doesn't cover Chinese distilled liquors. "Japanese wine" at Wiki refers to only wines made from grapes, and "Chinese alcoholic beverages" seems fair for the title. For consistency, I think Korean wine should be also moved to "Korean alcoholic beverages". --Appletrees (talk) 04:27, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I have proposed that too at Talk:Korean wine. —  AjaxSmack   04:55, 31 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Support. Words can't express how in favor of this move I am.  The English word 'wine' refers to fermented grape juice, full stop.  Other uses, such as calling certain kinds of beer barleywine, calling sake rice wine, or calling mead honey wine, are archaic and barely used.  Calling the myriad forms of Chinese alcohol 'wine' is a terrible, terrible translation.  I would go so far as to say that the term 'Chinese wine' is Chinglish, menu English, and I would be shocked to see it in print in the West.  This article should be moved to Chinese alcohol or some other correct and precise label.  Alexwoods (talk) 14:14, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I've seen sake referred as "Japanese wine" (not Japanese "rice" wine) in the mentioned standard, so there would be Chinese wine in the same manner. --Appletrees (talk) 23:52, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * That's funny. I am a big sake drinker and I've never seen it referred to that way.  Where have you seen that?  Alexwoods (talk) 14:41, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Support as per WP:COMMONNAME: In cases where the common name of a subject is misleading, then it is sometimes reasonable to fall back on a well-accepted alternative. As the category for these kind of beverages is Category:Chinese alcoholic beverages, Chinese alcoholic beverage (singular) may be a good name as per Naming conventions (plurals). --Kusunose 16:55, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Support (if not assumed by nomination) nomination or Chinese alcoholic beverage (singular) if that is preferred. —  AjaxSmack   19:48, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Comment - Using singular "Chinese alcoholic beverage" is very, very bad, as it would appear from such a title that there is only one Chinese alcoholic beverage. Badagnani (talk) 20:00, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I think that's correct, the singular sounds funny. "Chinese alcohol" would be better, in my opinion, as would "Chinese alcoholic beverages".  Alexwoods (talk) 20:14, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment - "Chinese alcohol" would refer to the chemical (such as rubbing alcohol. Badagnani (talk) 21:04, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. Alcohol often refers to what we drink - hard alcohol, calling someone an alcoholic, etc.  Also, it's technically correct, whereas "wine" is not.  However, I'd be happiest with "Chinese alcoholic beverages".  Alexwoods (talk) 21:07, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree that "Chinese alcohol reminds of the chemical produced in China". --Appletrees (talk) 23:52, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * OK, let's call it "Chinese alcoholic beverages" then. Alexwoods (talk) 14:41, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Oppose wine is not exclusive to grapes. rice wine is a common term in use. 70.51.8.129 (talk) 03:59, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Conditional Support: I think Chinese liquor should be used, liquor can be any type of alcoholic drink and does not suffer as much from the ambiguity of terms like "wine" or "alcohol" Sjschen (talk) 07:13, 29 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment - "Liquor" does generally refer only to distilled alcoholic beverages, and not to fermented ones (except in rare instances like chocolate liquor, which has no alcohol). Badagnani (talk) 07:43, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Support - The term "wine" (without any additional mentioning of source, such as apple, plum...) always refer to fermented grape juice in any sources written by people knowledgeable about beverages. Notice that apple wine, plum wine and cherry wine are not collectively known as wine(s), but as fruit wines! This defintion is also enacted in wine laws in a large number of countries, requiring all products sold simply as "wine" to be exclusively produced from grapes. Therefore, using a (sloppy?/mis-?)translation as a title of an encyclopedic article is clearly misleading. Tomas e (talk) 18:53, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Comment - Please read all discussion before commenting. Rice wine has already been mentioned as a form of wine that is made from neither grape nor fruit. Badagnani (talk) 18:57, 2 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment - Of course I read all the comments, which should be quite obvious from the explanation I provided. Why would I otherwise bother to explain why various fruit wines are never referred to as wine collectively? That wine is fermented grape juice can be read in e.g. the Wikipedia article on wine and this use of the plain "wine" term is well established since several centuries, and is never applied in any other way in any professional or semi-professional setting I've encountered. (BTW, "rice wine" is also a case of another bad translation, since the production process has more in common with beer production, since it is based on starch conversion rather than directly fermentable sugars, so it is a very poor counter-example, but that's another discussion.) Tomas e (talk) 20:11, 2 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment - It doesn't matter if you think rice wine is a "bad" term--it's extremely widely used in the English language, as is "Chinese wine" to refer to Chinese alcoholic beverages. Badagnani (talk) 20:16, 2 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment - It also appears that you did not read the comment just above that said, "You narrow down the definition of 'wine' to only alcoholic beverage made of grape. 'True wine' does not only refer to the wine, but also "the fermented juice of any of various other fruits or plants" according to the American Heritage[2] and Mirriam Webster Dictionary[3]," relying instead on what can only be described as wishful thinking. Badagnani (talk) 20:18, 2 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment - this is getting repetitive. As I think Kusunose pointed out, it's not a question of thinking that it's a bad term, but of whether it's an accurate translation, which it isn't - it's misleading and not distinguishable from grape-based drinks that are produced in China.  Also, the term is hardly widely used in the English language, unless you mean the English language as used by Chinese-speaking English-language learners, or as used on poorly-translated menus.  Alexwoods (talk) 20:27, 2 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment - Rice wine is a standard English term, used by all English speakers in all regions of the world when referring to sake and similar beverages. Badagnani (talk) 20:31, 2 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment - I would think the term 'rice wine' would be an example of 'additional mentioning of source'. Alexwoods (talk) 19:01, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Comment - The actual English term for wines from China are "rice wine," "sorghum wine," etc., with the catch-all heading being "Chinese wine." Badagnani (talk) 19:04, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Support per Alexwoods, Tomas e & others. Wine is produced from grapes. Fruit wine is produced from whatever you like, and so long as you declare that in the name (barley wine, ginger wine, rice wine) it's perfectly ok to use the word "wine" with it. If you place the name of a country in front (French wine, German wine, Chinese wine) it refers to wine proceeding from fermented grapes from that country. Let's not name articles according to (innaccurate) colloqial use; change it to Chinese alcoholic beverages and mention the colloquial stuff in the lead. --mikaultalk 00:02, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Comment - This is the first mention I've seen of retaining the "colloquial stuff" (i.e., the use of "Chinese wine" to refer, in English, to both fermented and distilled grain alcoholic beverages) in the lead. If this is done, the move to "Chinese alcoholic beverages" might be okay. However, the article would then have to include at least a brief mention of Chinese beer (with probably a "Main article:" link to Chinese beer). Badagnani (talk) 00:31, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Support as (traditionally termed grape) wine has a main article in Wine in China and this article holds a much broader scope. M URGH   disc.  18:08, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Any additional comments:

A little background. When User:Alexwoods says, "I would go so far as to say that the term 'Chinese wine' is Chinglish, menu English, and I would be shocked to see it in print in the West", he has come pretty close to the case here. The term "wine" is commonly used by non-native Chinese speakers of English to refer to jiǔ and this can be credited to a shortcoming of English: the lack of a concise term for all alcoholic drinks/beverage. However, it is misleading to the vast majority of native and non-native English speaking Wikipedia users who are not familiar with this usage whether they assume wine to (narrowly) mean grape wine or (widely) mean any fermented drink. The existence of the Wine in China article dealing with true wines should attest to that. —  AjaxSmack   19:48, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

Since there is some argument about what wine is, please refer to the intro of the wine article which lists several meanings of wine which can be summarized from narrowest to widest meaning as follows:
 * 1) An alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of grape juice
 * 2) An alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of any juice
 * 3) An alcoholic beverage made by fermentation or brewing (multi-stage fermentation) with a certain alcohol content (~8-20%)
 * 4) An alcoholic beverage with a certain alcohol content (~8-20%)

Although some Chinese traditional jiǔs fit the 3rd and 4th definitions (e.g. mǐjiǔ [ rice "wine" ]) but many such as the mighty báijiǔ hard liquor clearly do not. it's fine to have rice wine at that location since there is no confusion with any "real" rice wine but that is not the case with this article. —  AjaxSmack   21:36, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

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Sources for article expansion

 * Much, much more on the history, philology, and science of the development of Chinese alcohol can be found here, although it's only a partial view, so individual editors will only be able to read certain blocks of text. All the same, if you're interested in the subject, feel free to search the book. If you could, then add the appropriate info to the article. — Llywelyn II   09:23, 8 November 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Alcoholic drinks in China


text:
Tanager

The tanagers (singular ) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.

Traditionally, the family contained around 240 species of mostly brightly colored fruit-eating birds. As more of these birds were studied using modern molecular techniques, it became apparent that the traditional families were not monophyletic. Euphonia and Chlorophonia, which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the Fringillidae, in their own subfamily (Euphoniinae). Likewise, the genera Piranga (which includes the scarlet tanager, summer tanager, and western tanager), Chlorothraupis, and Habia appear to be members of the family Cardinalidae, and have been reassigned to that family by the American Ornithological Society.

Description
Tanagers are small to medium-sized birds. The shortest-bodied species, the white-eared conebill, is 9 cm long and weighs 6 g, barely smaller than the short-billed honeycreeper. The longest, the magpie tanager is 28 cm and weighs 76 g. The heaviest is the white-capped tanager, which weighs 114 g and measures about 24 cm. Both sexes are usually the same size and weight.

Tanagers are often brightly colored, but some species are black and white. Males are typically more brightly colored than females and juveniles. Most tanagers have short, rounded wings. The shape of the bill seems to be linked to the species' foraging habits.

Distribution
Tanagers are restricted to the Western Hemisphere and mainly to the tropics. About 60% of tanagers live in South America, and 30% of these species live in the Andes. Most species are endemic to a relatively small area.

Behavior
Most tanagers live in pairs or in small groups of three to five individuals. These groups may consist simply of parents and their offspring. These birds may also be seen in single-species or mixed flocks. Many tanagers are thought to have dull songs, though some are elaborate.

Diet
Tanagers are omnivorous, and their diets vary by genus. They have been seen eating fruits, seeds, nectar, flower parts, and insects. Many pick insects off branches or from holes in the wood. Other species look for insects on the undersides of leaves. Yet others wait on branches until they see a flying insect and catch it in the air. Many of these particular species inhabit the same areas, but these specializations alleviate competition.

Breeding
The breeding season is March through June in temperate areas and in September through October in South America. Some species are territorial, while others build their nests closer together. Little information is available on tanager breeding behavior. Males show off their brightest feathers to potential mates and rival males. Some species' courtship rituals involve bowing and tail lifting.

Most tanagers build cup nests on branches in trees. Some nests are almost globular. Entrances are usually built on the side of the nest. The nests can be shallow or deep. The species of the tree in which they choose to build their nests and the nests' positions vary among genera. Most species nest in an area hidden by very dense vegetation. No information is yet known regarding the nests of some species.

The clutch size is three to five eggs. The female incubates the eggs and builds the nest, but the male may feed the female while she incubates. Both sexes feed the young. Five species have helpers assist in feeding the young. These helpers are thought to be the previous year's nestlings.

Taxonomy
The family Thraupidae was introduced (as the subfamily Thraupinae) in 1847 by German ornithologist Jean Cabanis. The type genus is Thraupis.

The family Thraupidae is a member of an assemblage of over 800 birds known as the New World, nine-primaried oscines. The traditional pre-molecular classification was largely based on the different feeding specializations. Nectar-feeders were placed in Coerebidae (honeycreepers), large-billed seed-eaters in Cardinalidae (cardinals and grosbeaks), smaller-billed seed-eaters in Emberizidae (New World finches and sparrows), ground-foraging insect-eaters in Icteridae (blackbirds) and fruit-eaters in Thraupidae. This classification was known to be problematic as analyses using other morphological characteristics often produced conflicting phylogenies. Beginning in the last decade of the 20th century, a series of molecular phylogenetic studies led to a complete reorganization of the tradition families. Thraupidae now includes large-billed seed eaters, thin-billed nectar feeders, foliage gleaners as well as fruit-eaters.

One consequence of redefining the family boundaries is that for many species their common names are no longer congruent with the families in which they are placed. As of July 2020 there are 39 species with "tanager" in the common name that are not placed in Thraupidae. These include the widely distributed scarlet tanager and western tanager which are both now placed in Cardinalidae. There are also 106 species within Thraupidae that have "finch" in their common name.

A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 revealed that many of the traditional genera were not monophyletic. In the resulting reorganization six new genera were introduced, eleven genera were resurrected and seven genera were abandoned.

As of July 2023 the family contains 386 species which are divided into 15 subfamilies and 105 genera. For a complete list, see the article List of tanager species.

Catamblyrhynchinae
The plushcap has no close relatives and is now placed in its own subfamily. It was previously placed either in the subfamily Catamblyrhynchinae within the Emberizidae or in its own family Catamblyrhynchidae.

Charitospizinae
The coal-crested finch is endemic to the grasslands of Brazil and has no close relatives. It is unusual in that both sexes have a crest. It was formerly placed in Emberizidae.

Orchesticinae
Two species with large thick bills. Parkerthraustes was formerly placed in Cardinalidae.

Nemosiinae
Brightly colored sexually dichromatic birds, most form single-species flocks

Emberizoidinae
Grassland dwelling birds that were formerly placed in Emberizidae.

Porphyrospizinae
Yellow billed birds: The blue finch (Rhopospina caerulescens) was formerly placed in the Cardinalidae; the other species were formerly placed in Emberizidae.

Hemithraupinae
These species are sexually dichromatic and many have yellow and black plumage. Except for Heterospingus they have slender bills.

Dacninae
Sexually dichromatic species—males have blue plumage and females are green.

Saltatorinae
Mainly arboreal with long tails and thick bills. Formerly placed in Cardinalidae.

Coerebinae

This subfamily includes Darwin's finches that are endemic to the Galápagos Islands and Cocos Island. Most of these species were formerly placed in the Emberizidae; the exceptions are the bananaquit that was placed in the Parulidae and the orangequit that was placed in the Thraupidae. These species build domed or covered nests with side entrances. They have evolved a variety of foraging techniques, including nectar-feeding (Coereba, Euneornis), seed-eating (Geospiza, Loxigilla, Tiaris), and insect gleaning (Certhidea).

Darwin's finches:

Tachyphoninae
Most of these are lowland species. Many have ornamental features such as crests, and many have sexually dichromatic plumage.

Sporophilinae
These species were formerly placed in Emberizidae.

Poospizinae
Some of these species were formerly placed in Emberizidae.

Diglossinae
This is a morphologically diverse group that includes seed-eaters (Nesospiza, Sicalis, Catamenia, Haplospiza), arthropod feeders (Conirostrum), a bamboo specialist (Acanthidops), an aphid feeder (Xenodacnis), and boulder field specialists (Idiopsar). Many species live at high altitudes. Conirostrum was previously placed in Parulidae, Diglossa was placed in Thraupidae and the remaining genera were placed in Emberizidae.

Thraupinae
Typical tanagers

Genera formerly placed in Thraupidae
Passerellidae – New World sparrows
 * Chlorospingus – eight species - bush-tanagers
 * Oreothraupis – tanager finch

Cardinalidae – cardinals
 * Piranga – 9 species - northern tanagers
 * Habia – five species - ant-tanagers or habias
 * Chlorothraupis – three species
 * Amaurospiza – four species

Fringillidae – subfamily Euphoniinae
 * Euphonia – 27 species
 * Chlorophonia – five species

Phaenicophilidae – Hispaniolan tanagers
 * Microligea – green-tailed warbler
 * Xenoligea – white-winged warbler
 * Phaenicophilus – two species

Mitrospingidae – Mitrospingid tanagers
 * Mitrospingus – two species
 * Orthogonys – olive-green tanager
 * Lamprospiza – red-billed pied tanager

Nesospingidae
 * Nesospingus – Puerto Rican tanager

Spindalidae
 * Spindalis – four species - spindalises

Calyptophilidae
 * Calyptophilus – two species - chat-tanagers

Rhodinocichlidae
 * Rhodinocichla – rosy thrush-tanager

title: Tanager


text:
User:Requiem

Requiem is an Assistant Professor of Rhetoric and Writing at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. Her specialties include technical writing, visual rhetoric, software documentation, and collaborative writing.

She also works as a technical editor for the University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service.

Ph.D., [http:www.purdue.edu Purdue University]: English/Rhetoric and Composition

M.A., [http:www.utah.edu University of Utah]: English/American and British Literature

B.A., [http:www.utah.edu University of Utah]: English/American and British Literature

title: User:Requiem


text:
Iligan Bay

Iligan Bay is a bay in Mindanao Island in the Philippines. The bay is part of the Bohol Sea, and curves into the northern coast of Mindanao Island.

A branch of the bay, Panguil Bay, forms a natural isthmus with Illana Bay and geographic boundary between the Zamboanga Peninsula and the rest of Mindanao island.

The provinces covered along its coast are Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, and Lanao del Norte.

Iligan City is the most important port on Iligan Bay. Other important ports are in Oroquieta City, Plaridel, Misamis Occidental and Lugait, Misamis Oriental. To protect Iligan Bay from destruction and biodiversity degradation, eight local government units and the provincial government of Misamis Occidental organized the Iligan Bay Alliance of Misamis Occidental.

title: Iligan Bay


text:
Ione Skye

Ione Skye Lee ( Ione Skye Leitch; born September 4, 1970) is a British-American actress and the daughter of singer Donovan. She made her film debut in the thriller River's Edge (1986) before gaining mainstream exposure for her starring role in Cameron Crowe's Say Anything... (1989). She continued to appear in films throughout the 1990s, with notable roles in Gas Food Lodging (1992), Wayne's World (1992) and One Night Stand (1997).

Other film credits include the comedy Fever Pitch (2005) and an uncredited role in Zodiac (2007). Skye also guest-starred on several television series, including The Twilight Zone (2002), Private Practice, and a recurring role on Arrested Development. She is also featured in the NBC series La Brea (2021).

In addition to acting, Skye also works as a painter, and has authored several children's books. In 2006, VH1 ranked her number 84 on its list of the 100 Greatest Teen Stars.

Early life
Skye was born Ione Skye Leitch in Hampstead, London, the daughter of folk singer-songwriter Donovan and model Enid Karl (née Stulberger). Her father is Scottish-born with some Irish ancestry and grew up in England. Her mother is an American who was raised in the Bronx, New York City, and is Jewish. Her second name comes from the Isle of Skye. She is the younger sister of Camp Freddy singer Donovan Leitch. Skye's parents were separated at the time of her birth, and she was raised by her mother, having little to no contact with her father.

Skye grew up primarily in Los Angeles and San Francisco, and also spent time in Connecticut. She attended Immaculate Heart High School and Hollywood High School in Los Angeles.

Career
Skye made her film debut with a supporting role in River's Edge in 1986, followed by a role as the title character in The Rachel Papers (1989). She played Diane Court, a withdrawn high school valedictorian, in the 1989 film Say Anything..., the feature film debut of director Cameron Crowe; the film attained a cult following and lent Skye international recognition.

In 1992, she played the role of Eleanor Grey on the short-lived television series Covington Cross, starred in Allison Anders's debut feature film Gas Food Lodging (which also featured Skye's brother Donovan Leitch), and had a supporting role in the Stephen La Rocque film Samantha. She subsequently had supporting roles as Elise in the comedy Wayne's World (1992) and the Mike Figgis-directed drama One Night Stand (1997).

She later appeared in the music video for the Harvey Danger song "Sad Sweetheart of the Rodeo." In 2007, Skye had a small, well-received part in the David Fincher film Zodiac.

In an interview with mondo-video.com in December 2010, Skye said she had not paid perfect attention to her career arc over the years, saying she "never struck when the iron was hot" when it came to going after big Hollywood roles in her 20s.

In 2013, she appeared in a supporting part in the independent horror film Haunt, with Jacki Weaver. In 2016, Skye directed the music video for the Against Me! single "333". The same year, she appeared in the short film Kitty, directed by Chloë Sevigny.

Other ventures
In addition to acting, Skye is also a painter, and sells her own works. She also wrote the children's book My Yiddish Vacation, published by Henry Holt and Company in May 2014. Skye has cited comic book artist Daniel Clowes as an inspiration for her painting and writing.

Personal life
For several years in the 1980s, Skye had a relationship with Anthony Kiedis, singer for the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Kiedis's 2004 book Scar Tissue contains a nude photo of the couple.

In 1992, Skye married Adam Horovitz, a member of the Beastie Boys. The couple separated in 1995, got back together in 1996, but eventually separated for good later that year and divorced in 1999, with the divorce being finalized in 2000.

Skye then had a relationship with furniture designer David Netto. They had a daughter, Kate, born December 2001. Skye's home in Hollywood, and Netto's apartment in New York City were featured in the February 2003 issue of Vogue. The two were engaged, but eventually separated.

In 2008, Skye became engaged to Australian musician Ben Lee. On December 29, 2008, Skye and Lee were married in a Hindu wedding ceremony in India. They have one daughter, Goldie Priya Lee, born September 24, 2009.

In an extensive 2015 interview, Skye discussed her struggle with addiction, including bouts with alcoholism and other drug use.

title: Ione Skye


text:
Rosamunde Pilcher

Rosamunde Pilcher, OBE (née Scott; 22 September 1924 – 6 February 2019) was a British novelist, best known for her sweeping novels set in Cornwall. Her books have sold over 60 million copies worldwide. Early in her career she was published under the pen name Jane Fraser. In 2001, she received the Corine Literature Prize's Weltbild Readers' Prize for Winter Solstice.

Personal life
She was born Rosamunde Scott on 22 September 1924 in Lelant, Cornwall. Her parents were Helen (née Harvey) and Charles Scott, a British civil servant. Just before her birth her father was posted in Burma, while her mother remained in England. She attended the School of St. Clare in Penzance and Howell's School Llandaff before going on to Miss Kerr-Sanders' Secretarial College. She began writing when she was seven, and published her first short story when she was 18.

From 1943 until 1946, Pilcher served with the Women's Royal Naval Service. On 7 December 1946, she married Graham Hope Pilcher, a war hero and jute industry executive who died in March 2009. They moved to Dundee, Scotland. They had two daughters and two sons. Her son, Robin Pilcher, is also a novelist.

Pilcher died on 6 February 2019, at the age of 94, following a stroke.

Writing career
In 1949, Pilcher's first book, a romance novel, was published by Mills and Boon, under the pseudonym Jane Fraser. She published a further ten novels under that name. In 1955, she also began writing under her real name with Secret to Tell. By 1965 she had dropped the pseudonym and was signing her own name to all of her novels.

The breakthrough in Pilcher's career came in 1987, when she wrote the family saga The Shell Seekers, her fourteenth novel under her own name. It focuses on an elderly British woman, Penelope Keeling, who relives her life in flashbacks, and on her relationship with her adult children. Keeling's life was not extraordinary, but it spans "a time of huge importance and change in the world." The novel describes the everyday details of what life during World War II was like for some of those who lived in Britain. The Shell Seekers sold around ten million copies and was translated into more than forty languages. It was adapted for the stage by Terence Brady and Charlotte Bingham. Pilcher was said to be among the highest-earning women in Britain by the mid-1990s.

Her other major novels include September (1990), Coming Home (1995) and Winter Solstice (2000). Coming Home won the Romantic Novel of the Year Award by Romantic Novelists' Association in 1996. The president of the association in 2019, the romance writer Katie Fforde, considers Pilcher to be "groundbreaking as she was the first to bring family sagas to the wider public". Felicity Bryan, in her obituary for The Guardian, writes that Pilcher took the romance genre to "an altogether higher, wittier level"; she praises Pilcher's work for its "grittiness and fearless observation" and comments that it is often more prosaic than romantic.

Pilcher retired from writing in 2000. Two years later, in the 2002 New Year Honours, she was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to literature.

TV adaptations
Her books are especially popular in Germany because the national television station ZDF (Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen) has produced more than a hundred of her stories as TV movies, starting with The Day of the Storm in 1993. A complete list can be found on the German Wikipedia: Rosamunde Pilcher (Filmreihe). These television films are some of the most popular programmes on ZDF. Pilcher was awarded the British Tourism Award in 2002 for the positive effect the books and the adaptations have had on Cornish tourism. Notable film locations include Prideaux Place, a 16th-century mansion near Padstow.

 * A television adaptation of The Shell Seekers (dir. Waris Hussein), starring Angela Lansbury, was made in 1989.
 * September (dir. Colin Bucksey, 1996), starring Jacqueline Bisset, Michael York, Edward Fox, Jenny Agutter and Mariel Hemingway
 * A two-part television adaptation of Coming Home (dir. Giles Foster), made by Yorkshire Television, was broadcast in 1998, starring Keira Knightley, Emily Mortimer, Peter O'Toole, Joanna Lumley, Penelope Keith, David McCallum, Paul Bettany, Patrick Ryecart and Susan Hampshire, among others.
 * Nancherrow (dir. Simon Langton, 1999), starring Joanna Lumley, Patrick Macnee and Senta Berger
 * Winter Solstice (dir. Martyn Friend, 2003), starring Sinéad Cusack, Peter Ustinov, Jean Simmons and Geraldine Chaplin
 * Summer Solstice (dir. Giles Foster, 2005), starring Jacqueline Bisset, Honor Blackman and Franco Nero
 * The Shell Seekers (dir. Piers Haggard, 2006), starring Vanessa Redgrave and Maximilian Schell
 * Four Seasons (dir. Giles Foster, 2008), starring Tom Conti, Senta Berger, Michael York, Franco Nero, Juliet Mills and Frank Finlay
 * Rosamunde Pilcher's Shades of Love (dir. Giles Foster, 2010), starring Charles Dance
 * The Other Wife (dir. Giles Foster, 2012), starring Rupert Everett
 * Unknown Heart (dir. Giles Foster, 2014), starring Greg Wise, James Fox, Jane Seymour and Julian Sands
 * Valentine's Kiss (dir. Sarah Harding, 2015), starring Rupert Graves and John Hannah

As Jane Fraser

 * Half-Way to the Moon (1949)
 * The Brown Fields (1951)
 * Dangerous Intruder (1951)
 * Young Bar (1952)
 * A Day Like Spring (1953)
 * Dear Tom (1954)
 * Bridge of Corvie (1956)
 * A Family Affair (1958)
 * A Long Way from Home (1963)
 * The Keeper's House (1963)

As Rosamunde Pilcher

 * A Secret to Tell (1955)
 * On My Own (1965)
 * Sleeping Tiger (1967)
 * Another View (1969)
 * The End of Summer (1971)
 * Snow in April (1972)
 * The Empty House (1973)
 * The Day of the Storm (1975)
 * Under Gemini (1977)
 * Wild Mountain Thyme (1979)
 * The Carousel (1982)
 * Voices in Summer (1984)
 * The Shell Seekers (1987)
 * September (1990)
 * Coming Home (1995)
 * Winter Solstice (2000)

Short-story collections

 * The Blue Bedroom and Other Stories (1985)
 * Flowers in the Rain: And Other Stories (1991)
 * The Key (1996)
 * A Place Like Home (2021)

Non-fiction

 * The World of Rosamunde Pilcher (1996) (autobiography)
 * Christmas with Rosamunde Pilcher (1997)

title: Rosamunde Pilcher


text:
Talk:Perjury

Change in opening paragraph
Why I changed this:

It is seen as a very serious crime as it seeks to usurp the authority of the courts, because it can lead to miscarriages of justice.

To this:

In some cases it results in miscarriages of justice.

First, "it is seen as a very serious crime" is just a sneaky way of incorporating someone's POV - it still presents an opinion. Serious compared to murder? Common assault? How can you judge?

Second "it seeks to usurp the authority of the courts." This is also an opinion, since no one knows everyone's reasons for lying. Some may lie because they fear false conviction, or because they mistrust the legal establishment - not necessarily an intent to usurp authority. Besides, just to give my own POV here on the talk page, I think "usurp" is hyperbolic and "authority" is questionable - judges have power, not authority, and only perceive themselves to have any authority due to myths such as "social contract" and "democracy."

So I just left the information: it sometimes results in miscarriages of justice. The seriousness, or what the person is seeking, let readers make their own judgements.24.64.223.203 00:32, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's incorporating the societal norm POV, which is an entirely reasonable thing to incorporate provided it isn't misinterpretable as being any more than that. Which IMO it wasn't.  (How can you judge the societal norm on this point?  Try looking at the criminal penalties for perjury, for a start.)
 * `seeks' is a terrible choice of word, but it just needs replacing with something sensible. There's no reason to take out the whole sentence for it.
 * Incidentally thank you for having the forethought to give an explanation for your edit. —Blotwell 11:26, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The societal norm point of view? The penalty has nothing to do with societal norms.  It has to do with legal norms, which come down to the power of the legal establishment, not the power of the people (though the legal establishment loves to pretend it's "following" the will of the people).  I would think that most people would consider it serious when it does lead to miscarriages of justice, but desirable when it protects people from legal bullying.  In any event, "it is seen as a very serious crime" is constructed from weasel words (Generalization Using Weasel Words).  How about "judges tend to consider it to be serious" or something like that?24.64.223.203 21:48, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * It seems to me that the seriousness of a crime is reflected -- objectively -- in the level of punishment that is given for the offense. Thus, perjury is indeed a potentially very serious crime as some punishments approach those for violent assaults.  I think the original phrasing can be salvaged if the focus is on the gravity of the punishment.  Chesspride 216.144.161.51 (talk) 20:51, 28 February 2020 (UTC)

"considered a very serious crime"
I'm thinking of changing this to "the penalties indicate that it is considered a very serious crime". which would be supported by the next sentence. i'll think about the best way to word it, and add it. -Indalcecio 21:53, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Martha Stewart not convicted of perjury
Martha Stewart was convicted of conspiracy, making false statements, and obstruction of justice, not perjury. Lying to investigators and lying on the stand are two separate offenses.

74.66.227.6 20:21, 18 December 2006 (UTC)Tonia Samman

Fair point (http://money.cnn.com/2004/03/05/news/companies/martha_verdict/) - given that this is a law article, it should be accurate, so I'm amending that entry to read "conspiracy to commit". 91.84.120.88 (talk) 01:59, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

Fictional examples
I removed the following

"*Vice President of the United States Noah Daniels was forced by President Wayne Palmer to resign from office after his Chief of Staff, Tom Lennox, recorded Daniels conspiring to commit purjury. This occured on the popular television program 24."

I don't think examples from fiction belong here, and if they do they should be in their own section. --Darksun 01:48, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

Is this perjury
See the answer to your question at Legal disclaimer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.75.201.208 (talk • contribs) 21:55, 17 June 2007

Clinton's perjury
The information posted about Clinton's perjury is incorrect. The Senate did not clear him of perjury charges. They only voted not to remove him from office. Many of the voting Senators made this claim themselves, stating that Clinton would be subject to prosecution for the perjury charge after he left office.

And Clinton was going to be prosecuted for perjury when he left office. That's why he accepted a plea bargain from the federal prosecutor Robert Ray, where he admitted to perjury in exchange for the promise not to be prosecuted.

Since Clinton accepted a plea bargain in the same way as Mark Fuhrman did, they should both be listed as convicted of perjury. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sdw1958 (talk • contribs) 01:51, 6 August 2007

 * No, that is incorrect. Clinton's resolution was not a plea bargain, it was a settlement.  He was never charged.  Fuhrman was.

 * And you're right about the wording, it was a little too vague. I hope I have changed it to make it more clear that the impeachment involved only removing him from office.Vordabois 07:01, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

27.4 Billion Dollars for Kwame Kilpatrick City of Detroit Settlement
Looking at the history, I am having trouble finding when that number came in. It is unsourced. On its face it is unreliable, and should be "undone." The 8-plus million dollars was the amount of the settlement paid to settle the whistleblower protection at case and keep the text messages secret. 7&6=thirteen (talk) 19:15, 27 April 2008 (UTC) Stan

Perjury in Germany
The information that perjury is not possible in germany is wrong. A person that commits perjury in germany will go to prison at least for one year and up to 15 years. See (it's in german). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.79.126.18 (talk) 10:48, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Actually, the text here is correct. In Germany, a normal witness can be heard under oath, but SUSPECTS cannot. You can find the text of the German law here: 93.128.19.246 (talk) 21:34, 30 January 2011 (UTC)

Ancient views of perjury
In the Laws of Manu, an ancient Sanskrit text, false evidence is considered a ground for reversing a judgment, and whatever has been done is to be considered as undone. False evidence is seen as arising from possible motives of covetousness, distraction, terror, friendship, lust, wrath, ignorance, and/or childishness. It is not clear whether this list is intended to be exhaustive. Various fines are prescribed if perjury is committed, depending upon what the motive is rather than the effect on the case, as well as banishment, unless the witness is of the highest "Brahmana" caste in which case, no fine is prescribed as a penalty. This is evident from Chapter VIII, verses 117 - 123 of the George Buhler translation in the Sacred Books of the East series edited by Max Muller.

There would be difficulties implementing this in the legal systems of English speaking countries because the criminal law shies away from making findings about motive, perhaps because it is so difficult sometimes to discern, and motives may be mixed. It is also hard in practice sometimes to distinguish giving false evidence from perjury. Moreover, banishment is no longer used as a punishment, and there is no open acknowledgement of different castes in society as there were in ancient India. We are all presumed to be equal before the law, although the credibility of our testimonies might not be considered of equal weight. But the text does enunciate what might be perceived as possible motives for giving false evidence, whether this amounts to perjury or not. Another difficulty might be that what has been done, may not always, necessarily be undone, because the judgment may have already been irreversibly enforced, even if perjury is brought to light beyond reasonable doubt. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 115.189.93.244 (talk) 20:14, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

Jocular use

 * I once read a book that mentioned a parrot "committing perjury" by imitating the sound of a refrigerator door being opened, thus getting the dog punished for suspected refrigerator raiding. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 23:05, 2 June 2012 (UTC)

United States
This section of the article is exceedingly difficult to read because it is just a wall of text. I will be marking it as such, but if anyone has good ideas on how we can split this section up a bit, that would be awesome. Right now I'm at work, so I don't have the time to do it myself. Zell Faze (talk) 17:50, 4 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Ok done. Obotlig ☣  interrogate 04:42, 7 June 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20121022034642/http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1810012/ to http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1810012/

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title: Talk:Perjury


text:
Panguil Bay

Panguil Bay is an arm of Iligan Bay in Mindanao, Philippines. The bay forms the natural boundary separating the Zamboanga Peninsula from the rest of the island of Mindanao. It borders the provinces of Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga del Sur, and Lanao del Norte. Important cities and municipalities on its coast are Ozamiz and Tangub in Misamis Occidental, and Tubod, the capital of Lanao del Norte.

The entrance to the bay is marked by a lighthouse on the west side of Panguil Bay, located on a headland on the eastern side of Ozamiz harbor. The 9 m high concrete tower has a focal plane of 17 m with two red flashes every 10 seconds.

The Panguil Bay Bridge is a two-lane bridge under construction, connecting Tangub with Tubod, that are currently linked by a ferry service. The 3.48 km bridge will reduce the travel time between Tangub and Tubod from 2.5 hours to 7 minutes. The ₱7.375-billion construction project started in 2020.

Geography
Panguil Bay is about 41 km long, and has an area of 18000 ha with a coastline of 112 km. At its narrowest point between Tangub and Tubod, the bay is 1.7 km wide, while it is 11.5 km wide at the bay's mouth. The bottom topography is irregular with an average depth of 15.4 m and a maximum depth of about 55 m.

There are 29 major and 46 minor river tributaries into the bay, originating from two mountain ranges. In total the bay has a catchment area of 309738 ha.

At the mouth of the bay, there are two coral reefs: the Hulaw-Hulaw Reef on Loculan Shoals near Clarin, Misamis Occidental, and the Maigo Reef near Maigo, Lanao del Norte. Both reefs experience high sedimentation rates and are in fair to poor condition.

History
In the 1750s, the Fuerte de la Concepcion y del Triunfo in the town of Misamis, (now the modern city of Ozamiz) was built by the Spanish to guard the entrance to Panguil Bay. At that time Moro pirate raids were at their peak, and the bay was described as a "never ending source of Muslim pirates". In 1917, a lighthouse was built on the eastern bastion of the Spanish Fort.

Ecology
The bay was once a rich fishing ground, with the most abundant species being the gray mullet (Mugil cephalus), anchovy (Stolephorus commersonnii) and oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps). Other important species are penaeid shrimps and prawns, gobies, pony fishes, blue crabs, therapons, carangids, lantern fishes, and hairtails. In 1980, there were about 4,000 fishermen, increasing to over 9,800 in 1995.

Panguil Bay has suffered for decades from overfishing and destructive fishing practices. One of the biggest contributor of over-exploitation was the extensive use of filter nets, locally called sanggab. These nets trap all marine organisms, even macroplankton, depleting the food chain in the bay. Compared to 1984, the number of fish species dropped from 201 to 121 by the mid 1990s.

Further degradation resulted from destruction of natural habitats (such as mangroves turned into fishponds), pollution by poisonous chemicals, and increasing human development along the bay's shore. The sharp decline in fish catch prompted rehabilitation efforts that included the removal of illegal fishing structures such as the filter nets that numbered in the thousands in the 2010s.

title: Panguil Bay


text:
Together We Stand

Together We Stand, also known as Nothing Is Easy, is an American sitcom that aired on the CBS network from 1986 to 1987. It was written by Stephen Sustarsic and directed by Andrew D. Weyman.

Together We Stand is about a married couple, David (Elliott Gould) and Lori Randall (Dee Wallace), and their array of adopted children from all walks of life. According to producer Sherwood Schwartz, the plot for this show was originally written as a spin-off of The Brady Bunch called Kelly's Kids. In the January 4, 1974, episode of The Brady Bunch, also titled "Kelly's Kids" (season 5, episode 14), which served as a backdoor pilot, the Bradys' neighbors plan to adopt one child but end up adopting three boys of different ethnicities.

Summary
David Randall (Elliott Gould) and his wife Lori (Dee Wallace) had two kids, adopted daughter Amy (Katie O'Neill) and biological son Jack (Scott Grimes). After seeing how well the Randall family did with an adopted child and a biological child, a pushy social worker (Edie McClurg) gives them two more children: an Asian-American boy named Sam (Ke Huy Quan) and a little African-American girl named Sally (Natasha Bobo). The story lines centered on the cultural differences and adjustments that had to be made by all: Sam and Sally having parents for the first time, and Jack and Amy competing with the new arrivals for their parents' time and affection. After six episodes, Gould's character was killed off, and the series focused on Lori's struggles as a single mother.

Cast

 * Elliott Gould as David Randall (in Together We Stand only)
 * Dee Wallace as Lori Randall
 * Scott Grimes as Jack Randall
 * Katie O'Neill as Amy Randall
 * Ke Huy Quan as Sam Randall
 * Natasha Bobo as Sally Randall
 * Julia Migenes as Marion Simmons (in Nothing Is Easy only)

Network run
Premiering on Monday, September 22, 1986, at 8:30 PM ET after Kate and Allie where its ratings were initially strong, Together We Stand moved to Wednesdays at 8:00 PM ET beginning on October 1 to make room for My Sister Sam, putting it up against ABC's Perfect Strangers and NBC's Highway to Heaven instead. When the show's ratings plunged, CBS pulled the series after six episodes had aired.

The show returned three months later with a new title – Nothing Is Easy – new opening credits, a new time slot (Sundays at 9:30 PM ET, after Designing Women and up against movies on the other two networks), a new theme song, and a new cast member – Julia Migenes as bitter divorced neighbor Marion Simmons. Elliott Gould did not appear in the revamped series – his character was killed off in an automobile accident, and Dee Wallace-Stone continued on as a single mother. After two weeks in that time slot, it went on hiatus again for a month only to resurface on Fridays at 8:00 PM beginning on March 27, competing with ABC's The Charmings and NBC's Roomies. The revamp lasted only for a total of seven episodes before CBS cancelled it for good. The remaining six unaired episodes are not known to have aired anywhere.

title: Together We Stand


text:
Talk:Together We Stand

Untitled discussion
According to imdb.com, Together We Stand is the only project this actress has ever worked on. She was apparently six years old at the time. She hasn't acted since, in the last 17 years. Why is she worth a Wikipedia article? RickK 07:26 5 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Only 33 Google hits. jimfbleak 07:29 5 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I've moved her to Together We Stand, since that seems to have been her only role, or at least the only one I can find mention of. I've also added some details both about the programme and about her which I found on various random webpages. I don't know how reliable they might be, though. Perhaps we shouldn't include information that can only be found on one or two webpages... -- Oliver P. 03:44 6 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Jethro Tull album
"Nothing Is Easy" is also a live album by the British rock group Jehtro Tull. Why does it have to redirect here? - 78.82.228.41 (talk) 13:28, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Together We Stand


text:
Anne Parillaud

Anne Parillaud (born 6 May 1960) is a French actress who has been active since 1977. She is best known internationally for playing the title character in Luc Besson's film La Femme Nikita.

Biography
Parillaud was born in Paris. While in school, she studied ballet but began her film career at 16 in Michel Lang's L'hôtel de la plage (1978).

She starred in Luc Besson's La Femme Nikita (1990).

After La Femme Nikita, Parillaud left France to star in three films abroad: Map of the Human Heart, Innocent Blood, and Frankie Starlight.

In 2010 she starred in the French psychological thriller In Their Sleep which was directed by Caroline du Potet and Eric du Potet.

Personal life
Parillaud's first husband was Luc Besson, with whom she has a daughter, Juliette Besson, born in 1987. She became an actress.

In 2005, Parillaud married Jean Michel Jarre. They divorced in 2010.

Awards

 * César Award for Best Actress in 1991 for La Femme Nikita
 * David di Donatello Awards for Best Foreign Actress in 1991 for La Femme Nikita
 * Paris Film Festival for Best Actress in 2004 for Deadlines
 * Tokyo International Film Festival for Special Mention in 1993 for Map of the Human Heart

title: Anne Parillaud