text:
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education

His Majesty's Inspectorate of Education (HMIe) was an executive agency of the Scottish Government, responsible for the inspection of public and private, primary and secondary schools, as well as further education colleges, community learning, Local Authority Education Departments and teacher education.

HMIe and Learning and Teaching Scotland were merged in 2011 to create Education Scotland.

History
The first HM Inspector of Schools (HMI) was appointed in 1840. The rationale for the first appointments of HMI linked inspection to "the improvement of elementary education" and charged HMI to say "what improvements in the apparatus and internal management of schools, in school management and discipline, and in the methods of teaching have been sanctioned by the most extensive experience". The particular focus in Scotland on combining inspection with self-evaluation has been central to the drive to raise educational standards.

HMIe was headed by Her Majesty's Senior Chief Inspector of Education. Its remit was far wider than its English counterpart, the Office for Standards in Education. HMIe's equivalent in Wales, Estyn, had a similar remit, including adult education.

Following the Scotland Act 1998 the Inspectorate was made an Executive Agency of the Scottish Government in 2001, and HMIe was answerable to the Scottish Ministers for the running of the Inspectorate and the whole inspection system in Scotland.

In 2003 it employed 178 staff who were based in Edinburgh, Inverness, Glasgow and Dundee. A policy to disperse public sector jobs then led to the relocation of the headquarters from Edinburgh to Livingston, West Lothian along with the opening of new offices in Dunbartonshire and Ayrshire.

On 14 October 2010 the Cabinet Secretary for Education announced that HMIe would be brigaded with Learning and Teaching Scotland into a new executive agency of the Scottish Government to be known as the Scottish Education Quality and Improvement Agency. This was later renamed Education Scotland, and came into existence on 30 June 2011.

Senior Chief Inspector 1999 to 2002: Douglas Osler

Senior Chief Inspector 2002 to 2009: Graham Donaldson

Senior Chief Inspector 2010 to 2017: Dr Bill Maxwell

Senior Chief Inspector from December 2017: Gayle Gorman

Remit
HMIe was charged with inspecting the quality of education in pre-school centres, primary schools, secondary schools, special schools, community learning and development, further education colleges, initial teacher education, residential educational provision and the education functions of local authorities and services for children.

Following the passing of the Standards in Scotland’s Schools etc. 2000 Act the focus of HMIe shifted to how this legislation is being implemented. It brought new statutory powers to inspect the education functions of local authorities.

title: Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education


text:
Talk:Liberty ships

This is a semi-dup of Liberty ship, should compare the two and merge. Stan 23:35 7 Jul 2003 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Liberty ships


text:
Gleneagles Agreement

In the Gleneagles Agreement, in 1977, Commonwealth presidents and prime ministers agreed, as part of their support for the international campaign against apartheid, to discourage contact and competition between their sportsmen and sporting organisations, teams, or individuals from South Africa. The agreement was unanimously approved by the Commonwealth of Nations at a meeting at Gleneagles, Perthshire, Scotland.

The Gleneagles Agreement reinforced their commitment, embodied in the Singapore Declaration of Commonwealth Principles (1971), to oppose racism. This commitment was further strengthened by the Declaration on Racism and Racial Prejudice, adopted by Commonwealth leaders in Lusaka in 1979. The Commonwealth was a relevant body to impose a sporting ban on South Africa because several of the sports most popular among white South Africans are dominated by Commonwealth member states, for example cricket and rugby union.

title: Gleneagles Agreement


text:
User talk:Lou Sander

Click here for Lou Sander's Useful Stuff

Jared Taylor and misleading edit summaries
You seem to know your way around Wikipedia, so surely you know at this point that misleading edit summaries are frowned upon. With this edit, you removed the term "white nationalist", even though that's how the subject of the article is described in numerous sources, and in fact, is the main reason he's notable enough to merit his own article in Wikipedia. But in your edit summary, you simple wrote "badly worded." That's not helpful, and could be construed as you trying to mask the real effect of your edit, which was to remove what, in your opinion, is a pejorative term, but is actually how Jared Taylor is described first and foremost. Rockypedia (talk) 18:56, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

Lou's Wolf
 MCEllis has given you a Wolf! Wolves promote WikiLove and hopefully this one has made your day better. Wolves must be fed three times a day and will be your faithful companion and protecter forever! Spread the WikiLove by giving someone else a wolf, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend.

Hi Lou Sander, you were right to question the removal of an important citation, in the end things were resolved and realized everyone had good intentions. Thanks for being on the lookout. --MCEllis (talk) 03:08, 24 February 2016 (UTC)

Spread the goodness of wolves by adding {{subst:Wolf}} to someone's talk page with a friendly message!

Invitation: Edit-a-thon
Hi Lou Sander, I'd like to invite you to an upcoming Pittsburgh Art+Feminism Wikipedia Edit-a-thon. We'd love the support of some awesome, experienced Wikpedians. We hope you can join us March 5. More deets on our Meetup Page. Please let me know if you have questions! Aolivex (talk) 17:48, 24 February 2016 (UTC)

Naulakha
I was quite interested to see the pictures while doing Commons patrol - I'd never known that Kipling lived in the US. (And I was just up that way a couple of years ago - had we but known it was in the neighborhood we might have made a trip to see it.)

To your point about the map; I'm not sure there's a good way to resize it. It's a problem I've run into with a number of the "vertical" states, if you will - like Delaware or New Hampshire, for instance - that their thumbnail maps take up rather a lot of space. I'll play around a bit with the maps and see if anything can be done. It might also be worth leaving a note over at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject National Register of Historic Places; they probably have more/better answers than I.

Keep up the good work, and happy editing! -- Ser Amantio di Nicolao Che dicono a Signa?Lo dicono a Signa. 19:57, 28 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks very much. I may take you up on that this evening, once I have a moment. -- Ser Amantio di Nicolao Che dicono a Signa?Lo dicono a Signa. 20:06, 28 April 2016 (UTC)

 * The NRHP guys gave me a parameter map_width that fixed things nicely, as you can see if you look at the article. Lou Sander (talk) 01:35, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:NoxBaileyShield.jpg
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VPB and VP squadrons
I have done up to VPB-199, leaving you to do VPB-200 to 216 and among the active squadrons VP-40 to 69, which should give you your 17 pages. Let me know if you're not going to do the VPBs as I will then finish them myself. regards Mztourist (talk) 05:59, 22 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Hi, I was wondering if you're going to do VPB 200-216 or if I should do them myself? Regards Mztourist (talk) 06:01, 1 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks for asking. Go ahead and do them. I just can't find the time. Lou Sander (talk) 06:50, 1 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Will do, thanks. Mztourist (talk) 04:37, 4 September 2016 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Posit Science Corporation
Hello Lou Sander,

I wanted to let you know that I just tagged Posit Science Corporation for deletion, because it seems to be inappropriate for a variety of reasons.

If you feel that the article shouldn't be deleted and want more time to work on it, you can contest this deletion, but please don't remove the speedy deletion tag from the top.

You can leave a note on my talk page if you have questions. Meiloorun  (talk) 🍁 19:11, 7 August 2016 (UTC)

Agree with you on notable contributors in Ancient Aliens - so have added it in,.
Hello, I agree with your comments on the talk page of ancient aliens so have put in 'notable contribtors' under 'critical reception' as they were higher profile than those providing the critique. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.198.172.70 (talk) 19:49, 26 February 2017 (UTC)

WPTR1000
Hi, I added Sini (Turkish dining) to the list in The 1000 Challenge (Turkey). Please feel free to revert the addition if you disagree. Nedim Ardoğa (talk) 15:48, 14 March 201

Service award for article creation
You are one of a tiny number of editors selected at random from those who have created a good number of articles. There is some preliminary discussion about creating an award for article creation, and your input would be helpful. See the discussion HERE. The posts toward the end are the most germane. Lou Sander (talk) 16:14, 18 March 2017 (UTC)

Greetings I am here to report the misconduct of transportation management in East Africa especially Uganda. Bollore Logistics is a leading African clearing and forwarding company that clears almost 90% of the goods imported in Africa and 70% of the Cargo exported out of Africa. So in this case Bollore has a lot of cargo to transport and this should be a profit to the company, but it's very unfortunate that the people in transport management chose to freeze Bollore trucks from carrying cargo and they give the cargo to private transporters. Mr. Anthony Small the operations manager Uganda / Southern Sudan is the man trying to breakdown transport and logistics in Bollore so that he can benefit from hired transporters. Unfortunately he informs our superiors in France that transport in Bollore doesn't work, but this all a lie, he is creating away to make his own money out of transport by hiring cheap transporters. This is my personal email address ltalemwa03@gmail.com and i am writing to notify our superiors about the situation in transport section in East Africa. For any further information in regards to this information, please I am available on this and my mobile number (+254-780-726-756). Thank you very much Bishop kenana (talk) 10:09, 5 November 2019 (UTC)

"What I Ignore" section
Is it irony if many of those ten commandments seem to describe you very aptly? Rockypedia (talk) 03:24, 4 August 2017 (UTC)

Inactive squadrons
Thanks for creating the article and providing an excellent start. It is a topic of great interest to me and I am thoroughly enjoying learning more about the history of individual Navy squadrons every time I do some editing. I completed a 30 year career as a Naval Aviator a few years ago and I love the subject. Though I do have a good understanding of the history of Naval Aviation, my understanding of the wikipedia editing process is rudimentary. Updating information and including references is something I have figured out, but external links sections and volume table of contents pages are beyond my understanding.Navalaviator84 (talk) 16:13, 24 January 2018 (UTC)

 * I replied to this on your talk page. Doing that keeps the whole thread together. Lou Sander (talk) 17:24, 24 January 2018 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:TheShadowComic01.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:TheShadowComic01.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 13:06, 16 May 2018 (UTC)

September 2018
Hello. Your recent edit to Gulf Breeze High School appears to have added the name of a non-notable entity to a list that normally includes only notable entries. In general, a person, organization or product added to a list should have a pre-existing article before being added to most lists. If you wish to create such an article, please first confirm that the subject qualifies for a separate, stand-alone article according to Wikipedia's notability guideline. Thank you. Gab4gab (talk) 18:25, 18 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm finishing up the Gwendolyn Oxenham article right now. Be assured that she is notable and that the article will stand. You can see it in process HERE. Now was a good time to add her to the GBHS article, before I forget. Now that you have reverted it so quickly, I have to remember it again. Bummer. Lou Sander (talk) 18:32, 18 September 2018 (UTC)

Requested move: Chairman → Chair (officer)
Hello, there is an RM discussion you may be interested in since you have participated in the past:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Chairman#Requested_move_22_March_2019

Any input would be appreciated. Fyunck(click) (talk) 03:44, 16 April 2019 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:USSCapricornus.jpg

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Proposed deletion of File:DamTry.png

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Proposed deletion of File:USSDurham.jpg

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Non-free rationale for File:NoxBaileyShield.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:NoxBaileyShield.jpg. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under non-free content criteria, but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia is acceptable. Please go to the file description page, and edit it to include a non-free rationale.

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File permission problem with File:PaterATyrrell.jpg
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Behavioral optometry
Hi Lou,

Happy New Year! I messaged you a couple of days ago and have not had a reply as I wanted to update you on some things? Are you still involved in Wikipedia? All the best Peaceful07 (talk) 08:41, 13 January 2024 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Allegheny Regional Asset District

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title: User talk:Lou Sander


text:
Leslie Andrew

Brigadier Leslie Wilton Andrew, (23 March 1897 – 8 January 1969) was a senior officer in the New Zealand Military Forces and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award of the British Commonwealth for gallantry "in the face of the enemy". He received the decoration for his actions during the Battle of Passchendaele in 1917.

Andrew joined the New Zealand Expeditionary Force as a private in 1915, having gained military experience while serving with the Territorial Force. He saw action on the Western Front from September 1916 to early 1918, and ended the war as an officer in England. He remained in the military after the cessation of hostilities, and joined the New Zealand Staff Corps. He held staff and administrative positions in New Zealand and, while on an officer exchange program, British India.

Following the outbreak of the Second World War, Andrew was appointed commander of the 22nd Battalion, which he led during the Battles of Greece and Crete as well as the early part of the North African Campaign. For a short period in late 1941 he commanded an infantry brigade of the 2nd New Zealand Division, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his leadership. He returned to New Zealand in 1942 and commanded the Wellington Fortress Area for the remainder of the war. He retired from the military in 1952 with the rank of brigadier, and died in 1969 aged 71.

Early life
Leslie Wilton Andrew was born on 23 March 1897 in Ashhurst in the Manawatu region of New Zealand, the son of William Andrew, headmaster of a local school, and his wife, Frances Hannah. He grew up in Wanganui, where his father had moved his family having taken up a position in the area, and was educated at Wanganui Collegiate School. After leaving school in 1913 he worked for a solicitor and was later employed by the New Zealand Railways Department as a clerk.

Andrew participated in the cadet program while at school and later joined the Territorial Force. By 1915, he had been promoted to sergeant and had sat the necessary exams to become a commissioned officer in the Territorials.

First World War
Andrew volunteered for the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) in October 1915, when he was 18. As only men between the ages of 20 to 40 could volunteer for service with the NZEF, he falsified his age to ensure that he would be eligible for duty overseas. A member of the 12th Reinforcements, he embarked for the Western Front via Egypt on 1 May 1916. In France, he was posted to B Company, 2nd Battalion, Wellington Infantry Regiment, with the rank of private.

Andrew's arrival at the front coincided with the start of the Somme Offensive. He participated in the Battle of Flers-Courcelette, which began on 15 September, and was wounded. Promoted to corporal in January 1917, he took part in the Battle of Messines the following June.

During the early phase of the Battle of Passchendaele, Andrew's battalion was engaged in fighting around the village of La Basseville, a few kilometres southwest of Messines. Originally captured by the New Zealanders prior to the battle on 26 July, the village had been re-taken by the Germans the next day. Under cover of an artillery barrage, the Wellingtons began an advance towards the village. Andrew was tasked with leading two sections to destroy a machine-gun post. During the advance, he noticed a nearby machine-gun post that was holding up the advance of another platoon. On his own initiative, he promptly diverted his force and removed the newly spotted threat with a flanking attack. He then led his men to the original objective. Despite continuous gunfire, he and his men captured the machine-gun post. While most of his men withdrew with the gun, Andrew and another man continued to scout further forward. Coming across another machine-gun post, the two men destroyed it before returning to their lines with information on the increasing numbers of Germans in the area. During his foray, Andrew received a flesh wound to his back.

Andrew was awarded the Victoria Cross (VC) for his leadership and bravery at La Basseville. The VC, instituted in 1856, was the highest gallantry award that could be bestowed on a soldier of the British Empire. The citation read as follows: "For most conspicuous bravery when in charge of a small party in an attack on the enemy's position. His objective was a machine-gun post which had been located in an isolated building. On leading his men forward he encountered unexpectedly a machine-gun post which was holding up the advance of another company; he immediately attacked, capturing the machine gun and killing several of the crew. He then continued the attack on the machine gun post which had been his original objective. He displayed great skill and determination in his disposition, finally capturing the post, killing several of the enemy and putting the remainder to flight. Cpl. Andrew's conduct throughout was unexampled for cool daring, initiative, and fine leadership, and his magnificent example was a great stimulant to his comrades."

Aged 20, the youngest recipient in the NZEF to receive the VC, Andrew was promoted to sergeant the day after the action at La Basseville. He was presented with his VC by King George V in a ceremony at Buckingham Palace on 31 October 1917. Andrew continued to serve on the Western Front until he was sent to England for officer training. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in March 1918, and was posted to Sling Camp, the main training facility for the NZEF, as an instructor. He was still in England when the war ended.

Interwar period
While in England, Andrew met Bessie Ball, of Nottingham, and they were married on 12 November 1918, the day after the Armistice. The couple had five children; one died in infancy. Discharged from the NZEF on his return to New Zealand in August 1919, Andrew opted to become a professional soldier and joined the New Zealand Staff Corps despite a poor assessment of his administrative skills by a senior officer. He served in staff positions for the next several years. From 1927 to 1929 he served with the Highland Light Infantry, then based in British India, on an officer exchange program. On his return to New Zealand he was appointed adjutant of the 1st Wellington Regiment.

In 1937, having been promoted to captain, Andrew led the New Zealand contingent sent to London for the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. While there, he returned to Buckingham Palace, where he had been presented with the VC, this time as commander of the New Zealand guard at the palace on 11 May 1937. Returning to staff duties in New Zealand, he was assistant adjutant and quartermaster general of the Central Military District.

Second World War
Following the outbreak of the Second World War, Andrew, a major at the time, was seconded to the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force (2NZEF). In early 1940, having been promoted to lieutenant colonel, he was appointed commander of 22nd Battalion, which was then forming at Trentham Military Camp near Wellington. He trained his new command hard, and quickly earned the nickname of February due to his habit of issuing 28-day detentions for any breaches in discipline.

In May 1940, the battalion sailed aboard the Empress of Britain as part of a convoy transporting the 5th Infantry Brigade, 2nd New Zealand Division, to the Middle East. The invasion of Holland and Belgium prompted the diversion of the convoy to England. Arriving in June, the battalion, along with the rest of the brigade, formed a mobile reserve for XII Corps, which was tasked with defending England from a possible invasion. In March 1941 it travelled for Egypt and then to Greece. Andrew led the battalion through the subsequent Battle of Greece, during which it saw little action apart from air raids and two minor engagements with the 2nd Panzer Division on 15 and 16 April at Mount Olympus.

Battle of Crete
Evacuated to Crete on 25 April 1941, the 5th Brigade was tasked with the defence of the Maleme airfield. At this stage, 22nd Battalion was regarded as the best of the battalions of the brigade so Andrew was ordered to hold the strategically important Point 107, the dominant hill overlooking the airfield. Forced to disperse the companies of his battalion widely to cover his positions, he closely oversaw the defensive arrangements and ensured sufficient ammunition for his men.

On 20 May 1941, the opening day of the Battle of Crete, 22nd Battalion was heavily bombed and strafed, and Andrew was lightly wounded. In the battalion's war diary he noted the bombing was worse than the artillery barrages of Passchendaele and the Somme. German paratroopers began landing in the area, including near his headquarters, and fighting took place at close quarters. Andrew soon lost communications with his forward companies but these were able to drive off the German attackers and hold their positions. The lack of contact with the companies to his front was a concern to Andrew as was the increasing presence of Germans to his rear. He requested support from the adjacent 23rd Battalion but this was refused by his brigade commander, Brigadier James Hargest. Andrew used his battalion reserve to mount a counterattack with the help of two Matilda tanks but this failed. Following this, he advised Hargest that he might have to withdraw from Point 107; "If you must you must" was the reply. Accordingly Andrew withdrew the remaining units that he was able to contact. As it happened, most of his forward companies remained intact and, after finding they had been abandoned, were able to withdraw from Point 107.

The withdrawal to the positions of the 21st and 23rd Battalions came as a major surprise to Hargest, but instead of ordering an immediate counterattack, he directed Andrew take overall command of the defences of 5th Brigade and conceded the airfield was lost. Once senior commanders became aware of the situation, they ordered that it be rectified. Despite a counterattack to recapture the airfield mounted in the evening of 21 May and into the next morning, Maleme airfield remained in the hands of the Germans. This was a significant factor in the German forces becoming established on Crete as it enabled much needed reinforcements to be landed by aircraft. Andrew and the surviving elements of his battalion were withdrawn from the area to Sphakia and, after acting as a defensive cordon, evacuated from Crete.

North Africa
In Egypt, where the 2nd New Zealand Division was being rebuilt after the losses of Greece and Crete, Andrew and Hargest gave evidence in an inquiry on the conduct of the fighting on Crete. Officially, 5th Brigade was held blameless. Andrew remained as commander of 22nd Battalion during the early phases of the North African Campaign. At one point during the efforts to lift the siege of Tobruk, his battalion was surrounded at Menastir and fought off elements of the 21st Panzer Division. His leadership during this time was later recognised with a Mention in Despatches.

When Hargest, still commanding 5th Brigade, was captured on 27 November 1941, Andrew was given temporary command of the brigade the next day. He led the brigade up until 8 December 1941, including a period, from 1 to 3 December, when it was besieging Bardia and fighting off German attempts to relieve the town. He reverted to command of the battalion on 9 December 1941 but was later rewarded with the Distinguished Service Order for his leadership of the brigade. He relinquished command of 22nd Battalion in February 1942 and returned to New Zealand in response to a need for experienced officers to oversee development of home defences after the entry of Japan into the war.

Later life
Back in New Zealand, Andrew was promoted to full colonel and appointed commander of the Wellington Fortress Area. He was formally discharged from the 2NZEF in October 1943, reverting to the regular army thereafter. He continued leading the Wellington Fortress Area for the rest of the war. In the immediate postwar period, he commanded the New Zealand contingent for the 1946 Victory Parade in London, and the following year attended the Imperial Defence College. He was promoted to brigadier in 1948 and appointed commander of the Central Military District. He continued in this appointment until his retirement from the military in 1952. He was later invited to run for Parliament but declined.

In 1953, Andrew was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal.

Andrew died on 8 January 1969 at Palmerston North hospital after a brief illness. Survived by his wife and four children, he was buried with full military honours in a ceremony at Levin RSA Cemetery, in Levin. His funeral was attended by three fellow VC recipients, including Reverend Keith Elliott, a former soldier of the 22nd Battalion, who also provided a reading. A barracks at Linton Army Camp is named after him; in Belgium, in the village of Warneton, just south of La Basseville, there is a commemorative plaque in his memory. On 31 July 2017, the 100-year anniversary of the action at La Basseville that earned him the VC, a plaque in Andrew's memory was unveiled at the Wellington railway station.

Legacy
In 1953, the book Crete, one of the volumes of the Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War, written by Dan Davin and edited by Howard Kippenberger, the latter a friend and fellow battalion commander in the 2NZEF who was present at Crete, was published. In it, Andrew was criticised for his handling of the action at Maleme that ultimately led to the loss of Crete. In private correspondence to Davin, Kippenberger expressed the view that Andrew should have fought his battalion to the last man. Andrew took offence at the public criticism and his relations with Kippenberger would be distant and cool thereafter. As a result Andrew was also reluctant to contribute to the official history of the 22nd Battalion, implying to its author that Kippenberger would distort events as he believed he had with the Crete book.

Andrew did have his supporters, including former soldiers of the 22nd Battalion, and Bernard Freyberg, the overall commander on Crete, did not blame Andrew for the loss of the island. The lethargic and indecisive conduct of his brigade commander, James Hargest, in the early stages of the fighting on the island was also a significant factor in Maleme airfield falling to the Germans.

VC
Andrew's Victoria Cross was displayed at the National Army Museum in Waiouru. In December 2007 it was one of nine VCs among 96 medals stolen from the museum. On 16 February 2008, New Zealand Police announced that all the medals had been recovered as a result of a NZ$300,000 reward offered by Michael Ashcroft and Tom Sturgess.

title: Leslie Andrew


text:
Fourth-rate

In 1603 all English warships with a complement of fewer than 160 men were known as 'small ships'. In 1625/26 to establish pay rates for officers, a six-tier naval ship rating system was introduced. These small ships were divided into three tiers: fourth-, fifth- and sixth-rates. Up to the end of the 17th century, the number of guns and the complement size were adjusted until the rating system was actually clarified. A 'fourth-rate' was nominally a ship of over thirty guns with a complement of 140 men.

In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorize sailing warships in the 18th century, a fourth-rate was a ship of the line with 46 to 60 guns mounted. They were phased out of ship of the line service during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, as their usefulness was declining; though they were still in service, especially on distant stations such as the East Indies. Fourth-rates took many forms, initially as small two-decked warships, later as large frigates razéed from the initial two-deck warships, and occasionally even heavily armed merchant ships such as HMS Calcutta.

Small two decked warships
A fourth-rate was, in the British Royal Navy during the first half of the 18th century, a ship of the line mounting from 46 up to 60 guns. While the number of guns stayed in the same range until 1817, after 1756 the ships of 50 guns and below were considered too weak to stand in the line of battle, although the remaining 60-gun ships were still classed as fit to be ships of the line. However, the 50-gun ship continued to be used largely during the Seven Years' War, and during the time of the American Revolution a whole new group of 50-gun ships was constructed, not for the battle fleet, but to meet the needs of combat in the shallow waters off North America where the larger ships found it difficult to sail. 50-gun ships were also suitable as convoy escorts and for service on foreign stations, where larger enemy vessels were unlikely to be encountered. Some saw service as flagships since, as two-deckers, they were able to accommodate a flag officer and his retinue, and they also had the physical presence of a flagship. Their usefulness was declining, however, and during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars few 50s were built, although several remained in service, especially on distant stations such as the East Indies. The 60-gun ships were also dying out, superseded initially by the 74-gun third-rates, although by 1793 there were still four 60-gun ships left in harbour service.

Some fourth-rates did remain in active service even during the Napoleonic Wars, especially in the shallow North Sea, where the Royal Navy's main opponents were the Baltic powers and the Dutch, whose own fleet consisted mainly of 50- to 64-gun ships (e.g. the 56-gun Delft). However, HMS Leander, 50 guns, was with Horatio Nelson at the Battle of the Nile. As late as 1807, fourth-rates were active in combat zones, illustrated by the fatal incident between HMS Leopard (50 guns), and the US frigate Chesapeake (38 guns), an incident which nearly led to war.

Large frigates and spar-decked frigates
American 44-gun frigates Constitution, United States and President were never in operational use armed with fewer than 50 guns including carronades, and were generally seen as equivalent to fourth-rates. The larger British 24-pounder frigates such as the later 1813 Leander and Newcastle, were of similar firepower to those big American 44s. The latter were launched (or razéed – i.e. converted by cutting down by one deck from existing smaller third-rate 74-gun two-deckers) during the last years of the Napoleonic War and the War of 1812 and were classed as fourth-rates in Royal Naval service under the revised rating system. This convention continued into the 19th century. Any of these later large fourth-rate frigates threw a close-range broadside (including from their heavy carronades) far superior to the earlier two-decker 50s or even to third-rate 64s.

Merchant conversions
Some ships of commerce such as the East Indiamen were heavily armed to protect themselves from pirates and privateers, effectively making them equivalent to fourth-rate ships of the line. The Royal Navy also converted some East Indiamen into fourth-rates for convoy duty, such as HMS Calcutta.

title: Fourth-rate


text:
Malet Lambert (priest)

Joseph Malet Lambert (1853–1931) was vicar of St. John's parish, Hull, UK, later elevated to Dean of Hull, Canon of York, and Archdeacon of the East Riding within the Church of England.

He was active in social reform and the municipal affairs of Hull, including housing, sanitation and education, yet allowed a child in his care to be beaten and neglected to such a point that the child was taken into care.

Biography
Malet Lambert was born in Hull in 1853, the son of Joseph Lambert and his second wife, Jane Hudson Malet, of Cork. His mother died when he was young. When he was 11 years old, his father remarried to Rachel Wilson, the daughter of Thomas Wilson, a Hull shipping-line owner. He attended Pocklington Grammar School and later entered his father's ship-broking business in the High Street.

Eventually he entered Trinity College, Dublin, graduating with a first rank honors BA in Natural Science 1879. In that same year he was ordained, becoming curate at Tadcaster.

In 1881 he became vicar of Newland, Hull, a position he held for the next three decades. Soon after he was instrumental in creating the parish of St. Augustine's, serving the recently built area of The Avenues, and other new urban developments; the district was taken out of his own parish. During his encumbancy the church was expanded with the addition of a chancel (1893), and a north aisle (1902), as well as having the vaults filled in, the nave extended, and other alterations.

In February 1882 he married Miss Rose Harrison, eldest daughter of Arthur Harrison of Northgate House, Cottingham. He received an M.A. in 1883, Bachelor of Laws in 1884 and Doctor of Laws in 1885.

In the 1880s Malet Lambert was involved in the 'Hull Sanitary Association', a body set up to improve sewage, refuse, and disease treatment in Hull, and was instrumental in instigated an investigation into the housing conditions of the poor. He also became involved in, a member of the Hull School Board, later becoming its chairman.

In 1894 Malet Lambert became Rural dean of Hull. In 1900 he became Canon of York and in 1917, Archdeacon of the East Riding.

In the early years the beginning of the 20th century, Lambert and his wife were charged with cruelty and neglect of a ten-year-old female child in their care. The child, who had been taken in to be trained as a servant, was presented to a visiting doctor by concerned servants of the house - the child was ascertained to be malnourished by a doctor, weighing 48 lb aged 11. In addition to the malnutrition of the child she was said to have been keep secret from visitors by Mrs. Lambert, beaten with a stick and poker by Mrs. Lambert, who had instructed her cook to do the same. The contradictions of the Lambert's treatment of their charge, and Malet Lambert's so-called philanthropic work were noted at the trial, as was the differences in well being of the child and the Lambert's own offspring. The child was taken into the care of a workhouse, where she made a rapid recovery.

In 1927 Lambert became the first chairman of the council of the newly established University College (Hull) (see Hull University). Lambert died 17 April 1931.

Positions held

 * Vicar of St John's Church, Newland (1881–1912)
 * Canon of York (1900–1931)
 * Archdeacon of the East Riding (1917–1931)
 * First Chairman of the Council of Hull University College (1927–1931)
 * Chairman of Hull Higher Education Committee (1905–1931)

title: Malet Lambert (priest)


text:
Pocklington

Pocklington is a market town and civil parish at the foot of the Yorkshire Wolds in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. At the 2021 Census, its population was 10,123. It lies 13 mi east of York, and 22 mi northwest of Hull.

The town's skyline is marked by the 15th-century tower of All Saints' parish church. The ecclesiastical parish includes the hamlet of Kilnwick Percy.

History
Pocklington gets its name via the Old English "Poclintun" from the Anglian settlement of Pocel's (or Pocela's) people and the Old English word "tun" meaning farm or settlement, but though the town's name can only be traced back to around 650 AD, the inhabitation of Pocklington as a site is thought to extend back a further 1,000 years or more to the Bronze Age. Pocklington appears on the 14th-century Gough Map, the oldest route map in Great Britain.

In the Iron Age Pocklington was a major town of the Parisi tribe. In 2017, a Celtic warrior's grave, dated to about BC 320 to 174, was discovered at a housing development under construction. After archeologists had completed a very long excavation project, the site was found to include a bronze shield, remains of a chariot and the skeletons of ponies. The shield's boss bears a resemblance to the Wandsworth shield boss (circa BC 350 to 150), in the British Museum. One design element on the extremely well preserved Pocklington shield, a scalloped border, "is not comparable to any other Iron Age finds across Europe, adding to its valuable uniqueness", commented Paula Ware, managing director at MAP Archaeological Practice Ltd, in late 2019. Horses were rarely included in Iron Age burials, making the find particularly significant. "The discoveries are set to widen our understanding of the Arras (Middle Iron Age) culture and the dating of artefacts to secure contexts is exceptional," according to Paula Ware.

By the time of the Domesday Book in 1086, it was the second largest settlement in Yorkshire after York itself.

Pocklington developed through the Middle Ages while many similar places fell into dramatic decline. Pocklington owed much of its prosperity in the Middle Ages to the fact that it was a local centre for the trading of wool and lay on the main road to York, an important national centre for the export of wool to the continent. Wool was England's main export in the earlier Middle Ages.

Town heraldry
The town's coat of arms shield is based on that of the Dolman family, founders of Pocklington School. The arms were granted to the town council in 1980. The crown at the base of the shield is the emblem of the saints, and along with the gold cross, symbolises the town's historic connection with Paulinus of York and the Archbishop of York.

The town's motto is "Service with Freedom".

Governance
Pocklington is under East Riding of Yorkshire Council, a unitary authority. The town is part of the Pocklington Provincial Ward and returns three councillors to the council.

From 2001 to 2024 Pocklington was part of the East Yorkshire Parliamentary Constituency. It became part of the Goole and Pocklington constituency from 2024 onwards.

Pocklington's Town Council consists of thirteen elected councillors and is responsible for the cemetery, allotments, the Croft play-park and the Arts Centre. The Mayor of Pocklington is elected annually by the members of the town council.

The town council has a policy of naming all new streets using the surnames of the war dead who served at RAF Pocklington. This has given rise to the names Strother Close, Waite Close, Garrick Drive, Turnbull Close and Harper Close. There is some controversy surrounding the policy as a local resident believes that war heroes from Pocklington and nearby Barmby Moor should also be honoured in this way.

Town twinning
Pocklington is twinned with:

 * 🇫🇷 Le Pays de Racan, France (Official)
 * 🇩🇪 Trendelburg, Germany (unofficial)

Geography
Pocklington is a spring line settlement at the foot of the Yorkshire Wolds. The rocks underlying this area were deposited on the bed of a tropical ocean. When the land rose, the chalk wolds were formed from the exoskeletons of micro-organisms covering the sea floor. The landscape around Pocklington therefore varies from flat arable land primarily devoted to agriculture to the south and west, and grassy, chalk hills and dry valleys to the north and east. A lot of the more level farming country was, from the Middle Ages onwards, reclaimed from marshland. Pocklington is bisected by the largely culverted Pocklington Beck, a small brook that feeds into the Pocklington Canal. The beck and canal are usually good fishing grounds but a sewerage overflow in 2003 killed thousands of fish and severely damaged the ecosystem, from which it is now recovered.

Demography
According to the 2011 UK census, Pocklington parish had a population of 8,337, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 7,632.

The civil parish is not very ethnically diverse, with the 2001 UK census reporting 98.4% of the 7,632 inhabitants being white.

The East Riding of Yorkshire has a higher than average level of Christian belief and a much lower rate of observance for other faiths and those of no faith. This can be attributed to the aforementioned lack of ethnic diversity in the area.

Entertainment and culture
Pocklington Arts Centre (formerly the Oak House Cinema) opened in 2000 and offers "a mixed programme of film, music, drama, dance, lectures, workshops and exhibitions". Previous performers at the arts centre include the comedians Jenny Eclair, Clive James, Dave Gorman and Barry Cryer and the musicians Midge Ure and Steve Harley (in 2-man (2002), 3-man (2010, 2012, 2014 (twice), 2018–2019) and 4-man (2003) electro-acoustic sets only, no full rock band (i.e. Cockney Rebel shows). The centre also puts on "second screenings" of recently released films. The TV presenter Victoria Coren Mitchell used the name of the Pocklington Arts Centre for her Ormerod hoax.

In a tribute to Munich's traditional Oktoberfest, Pocklington hosts its own annual Pocktoberfest. Unlike the original on which it is based, Pocktoberfest is pared down to a single-issue event: beer. In the 2006 event, 19 casks (or about 452 litres) of ale were consumed. Organiser of the 2012 Pocktoberfest, Clare Saunders, arranged for brewers from Germany. Italy, France, Belgium and the Netherlands to attend the festival, which is sponsored by C & N Wines and Swirlz Ice Cream Emporium. Pocklington celebrates an annual Flying Man Festival with a multitude of themed events from 12 to 14 May, in memory of the showman Thomas Pelling, the "Flying Man of Pocklington", who, with a pair of homemade wings, tried to fly from the top of the local church, and was killed when he hit one of the church's buttresses.

Sport
Pocklington RUFC rugby team is based on Burnby Lane. The first rugby game in Pocklington was held on West Green on Wednesday 12 November 1879 between Pocklington Town and District and Pocklington Grammar School.

The first Pocklington rugby club Pocklington F.C. was formed in 1885. The current club, formed in 1928, plays in Counties 1 Yorkshire and also hosts the traditional "Good Friday Sevens" tournament, which is Yorkshire's longest-established sevens tournament launched in 1958 and Pocklington's premier sporting event, which sees local, county-based and even international teams compete.

The town has a council-run Francis Scaife Sports Centre, which includes a 20-metre swimming pool and gym. The town has swimming, football and cricket clubs.

Kilnwick Percy Golf Club – locally known as the KP – lies just outside of Pocklington and offers luxury hotel rooms and lodges in addition to its championship golf course.

Pocklington's football club, Pocklington Town A.F.C., competes in the Humber Premier League. The club operates three other Saturday football teams alongside an U19s team and girls' team. In the 2012–13 season the club's 1st team won the highest level trophy in the club's history by winning the Whitehead's Fish & Chips Humber League Cup at North Ferriby United's Rapid Solicitors Stadium, a da decade later, the club were champions of the Humber Premier League. The club had floodlights installed during July 2008, allowing the club to make progress in the football league pyramid.

In 2007, Michael Woods, a Pocklingtonian, made his debut for Chelsea.

Pocklington Tennis Club, which has 6 astro-turf style courts and plays in both the York & District Tennis League and the Driffield & District Lawn Tennis League, is located on West Green.

Pocklington is a control point at the quadrennial London-Edinburgh-London long-distance bicycle event.

Media
Pocklington has a local weekly newspaper, the Pocklington Post, owned by Johnston Press. Television signals are received from either the Emley Moor or Belmont TV transmitter. The town is covered by both BBC Radio York and BBC Radio Humberside. A full-time community radio station, Vixen FM, based in nearby Market Weighton, broadcasts to the town. Also in the area is Beverley FM which serves Beverley and all of its surrounding areas, including Pocklington. A Pocklington-based community radio station, West Wolds Radio, went on air in November 2015 but closed in September 2016.

Education

 * Pocklington School
 * Woldgate School and Sixth Form College

Religion
Churches in Pocklington include:

 * The Church of England parish church of All Saints, nicknamed the Cathedral of the Wolds. The Grade I listed building is 12th- and 13th-century and has a 15th-century west tower.
 * Pocklington Christian Fellowship, formerly Pocklington Pentecostal Church, meets in the former Ebenezer Independent Chapel built for Dissenters in 1807.
 * Pocklington Methodist Church, whose red brick Neoclassical building was completed in 1864 as a Wesleyan Methodist Church.

 * The Roman Catholic church of SS Mary and Joseph, whose Gothic Revival brick building was completed in 1863 to replace a chapel dating from 1807.

There are no non-Christian houses of worship in Pocklington, but Kilnwick Percy Hall, just outside Pocklington, is now a large residential Buddhist Centre called Madhyamaka Kadampa Meditation Centre. It runs regular Buddhist meditation classes.

Freemasonry
Pocklington has its own Masonic Hall which is situated on the Mile. It is home to several lodges and orders including:

 * Beacon Lodge No. 4362
 * Old Pocklingtonian Lodge No. 7867 – formed by former pupils of Pocklington School but membership is no longer restricted to those with a connection to the school.
 * Beacon Chapter No. 4362

Car
Pocklington lies near the A1079 road, the main arterial route between the cities of York and Hull.

Bus
Pocklington is served by a number of bus routes provided by East Yorkshire Motor Services who have a depot in the town centre. Their X46 and X47 routes branded "EastRider" operate hourly through the town between York and Hull. York Pullman also serve the town with their route X36 service 6 days a week.

Air
Pocklington Airfield has three concrete and tarmac runways of 1600 yd, sufficient in length to take RAF bombers during the Second World War, but in September 1946 the airfield was closed. Although the site remains in use with gliders – and occasionally hot air balloonists – a lot of the concrete runway surface has gone, and the control tower is not in operation. It is therefore classified as "limited flying". The airfield is now wholly owned by the Wolds Gliding Club.

The nearest commercial airport is Humberside Airport, another former RAF airfield.

Rail
Pocklington was once part of the rail network, with a railway station dating back to 1847. This was closed as a result of the Beeching Report in November 1965. There is a small but vocal pressure group that is trying to get the railway station and line re-opened. The City of York Local Transport Plan for 2006 noted that: "work has recently been undertaken by East Riding of Yorkshire Council to examine the feasibility of reopening the former direct York – Pocklington – Beverley line that closed in 1965... given the unavailability of funding for such a scheme at present and the extensive time required for any reinstatement of a rail line, the scheme remains a longer-term aspiration."

The Minsters Rail Campaign was campaigning to re-open the railway line between Beverley and York (with stops at Stamford Bridge, Pocklington and Market Weighton). The re-opened railway would skirt the southern edge of the town as the former alignment has since been developed. In 2006, the issue of re-opening the line was raised in Parliament and, although prohibitively expensive, was otherwise considered favourably. However, in 2013, East Riding of Yorkshire Council decided that the line could not be funded.

The old railway building, designed by George Townsend Andrews, was saved from demolition due to its interesting architecture. It now serves both as a bus shelter, and as a sports hall for nearby Pocklington School.

Boat
The Pocklington Canal, in commercial use in the 19th century by barges, is now navigable as far as Bielby Basin. Full restoration of the canal is one of the aims of the Pocklington Canal Amenity Society, which was formed in 1969.

Notable people
Alphabetically:
 * Paul Banks, guitarist in Britpop band Shed Seven
 * Matt Brash, celebrity vet, Zoo Vet at Large (TV series)
 * Thomas Cooke, 19th-century scientific instrument maker, born in nearby Allerthorpe
 * Adrian Edmondson, comedian, The Young Ones and Bottom
 * Richard Herring, comedian, was born in Pocklington
 * Ralph Ineson, comedian and actor in The Office and Game of Thrones
 * Joseph Malet Lambert, 19th-century author and social reformer
 * William Richardson (astronomer) (1797–1872), astronomer born in Pocklington
 * George Herbert Stancer, cyclist, cycling journalist and administrator
 * Sir Tom Stoppard OM, CBE, playwright
 * Joseph Terry (1793–1850), founder of Joseph Terry & Sons, confectioner and industrialist
 * Rob Webber, Sale Sharks and England rugby union player
 * William Wilberforce, 18th-century anti-slavery campaigner
 * Michael Woods, footballer, fourth youngest to ever play for Chelsea.

title: Pocklington


text:
Talk:BBC News (international TV channel)

Logo
The current logo (File:BBC World News 2019.svg) should be restored to the infobox, since the newly uploaded logo (File:BBC_World_News_2022.svg) is not in use yet. The new logo was sourced from a Fandom page that claims it is "tentative". —  Newslinger  talk   08:07, 1 March 2022 (UTC)

 * might as well say that the current will be used since the page states when bbc world news shuts down 2407:7000:98C3:4D00:2810:C83D:43E1:D0BF (talk) 08:35, 10 January 2023 (UTC)
 * current logo i mean 2407:7000:98C3:4D00:2810:C83D:43E1:D0BF (talk) 08:35, 10 January 2023 (UTC)

Venezuelan food crisis report
I was looking into the Venezuelan food crisis incident on 23th of feburary of 2019 and found that BBC had reported on it. However, some of the facts stated in the report have since been put into question by both The Intercept and the NY Times. I wonder if it might be a good idea to add a section about it into the article, or is it too small to be relevant? 193.183.194.67 (talk) 15:07, 16 February 2023 (UTC)

 * Intercept only mentions BBC coverage in passing. Can't see NYT as paywalled. UNDUE imho. BobFromBrockley (talk) 12:26, 21 February 2023 (UTC)

"Previous bulletins" section: ambiguity
A sentence with too many clauses in this section was ambiguous: I corrected it just now after checking the source to clarify the ambiguity. (Alternative reading that I rejected: "A second broadcast at 22:00 ET ended in 2010. When BBC America introduced a second feed for the western time zones of the US on 18 February 2011, it was announced that BBC World News America would no longer be broadcast on BBC America and would instead be broadcast only on BBC World and local PBS stations in the US as a 30-minute programme.") — Spel-Punc-Gram (talk) 22:02, 24 June 2024 (UTC)


text:
1917 Pulitzer Prize

The Pulitzer Prizes were first presented on June 4, 1917. The prizes were given for American journalism and literary works published in 1916. Awards were made in four categories; no winner was chosen in five other categories that had been specified in Joseph Pulitzer's bequest. The winners were selected by the Trustees of Columbia University, on advice from juries of appointed experts.

Journalism awards
A prize of $1,000 was awarded for reporting, and $500 for editorial writing. Because of an insufficient number of candidates, prizes were not issued in the three other journalism categories (public service, newspaper history, and most suggestive paper on development of the Columbia School of Journalism).

 * Editorial Writing:
 * New York Tribune, for "The Lusitania Anniversary", an editorial article on the first anniversary of the sinking of RMS Lusitania (no author was named, but the editorial was written by Frank H. Simonds).
 * Reporting:
 * Herbert Bayard Swope of the New York World, for his series "Inside the German Empire", published on October 10, October 15 and from November 4 daily to November 22, 1916. The articles were compiled in book form the following year.

Letters awards
A prize of $2,000 was awarded for the best book on American history, and $1,000 for the best American biography. Prizes for the best novel and best drama were not awarded, as the jurors did not find a deserving winner.

 * Biography or Autobiography:
 * Laura E. Richards and Maud Howe Elliott assisted by Florence Howe Hall, Julia Ward Howe (Houghton).
 * History:
 * Jean Jules Jusserand, With Americans of Past and Present Days (Scribner)

title: 1917 Pulitzer Prize


text:
Anal

Anal may refer to:

Related to the anus

 * Related to the anus of animals:
 * Anal fin, in fish anatomy
 * Anal vein, in insect anatomy
 * Anal scale, in reptile anatomy
 * Related to the human anus:
 * Anal sex, a type of sexual activity involving stimulation of the anus
 * Anal stage, a term used by Sigmund Freud to describe the development during the second year of life
 * Anal expulsive, people who have a carefree attitude
 * Anal retentive, a person overly uptight or distressed over ordinarily minor problems

Places

 * Anal Island, an island of the Marshall Islands
 * Añal, New Mexico, a ghost town

Other uses

 * Anāl people, an ethnic group of northeast India and Myanmar
 * Anāl language, the Sino-Tibetan language they speak
 * Ammonal, or ANAL, an explosive made from ammonium nitrate (AN) and aluminium (AL) powder
 * All Nippon Air Line, a 2008 boys love manga
 * Anal Arasu, Indian fight master/action choreographer

title: Anal


text:
Athenagoras

Athenagoras may refer to:

 * Athenagoras of Ephesus (6th century BC), a Greek tyrant of Ephesus
 * Athenagoras of Syracuse (5th century BC), a statesman and military leader in Syracuse during the Sicilian Expedition
 * Athenagoras of Macedon (2nd–3rd century BC), a general serving Philip V and Perseus
 * Saint Athenagoras of Athens a.k.a. Saint Athenagorus the Apologist (2nd century AD), early Christian philosopher
 * Patriarch Athenagoras (1886–1972), Patriarch of Constantinople
 * Athenagoras (Fell), a 1682 biography of Athenagoras of Athens by British theologian John Fell

title: Athenagoras