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Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Titles of works

Concerts
In the section Neither, it says to not italicise "Exhibitions, concerts, and other events". So we end up with Dangerous World Tour instead of – what I believe is logical – Dangerous World Tour. Why, then, do we have list of Game of Thrones characters, list of South Park episodes, etc.? Mac Dreamstate (talk) 13:03, 25 June 2022 (UTC)
 * It should probably be revised to say to italicize the part that contains the name of an italicized work, to be consistent with the sorts of examples you illustrate. This was just an oversight. What we don't want to see is markup like Dangerous World Tour (or "Dangerous World Tour" in quotes)  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  00:12, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ Since no one objected or provided a counter argument, and we did have an actual conflict between "italicize album names" and "don't italicize concert tour names", I have made this change. As it is substantive and would affect content at articles like Dangerous World Tour, someone might revert me and want further discussion.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  10:07, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

Two visual arts–related cases which should be removed
The "Minor works" section recommends double quotation marks for "Exhibits (specific) within a larger exhibition". The rationale seems to be that as the titles of (some) exhibitions take italics per MOS:MAJORWORK, the exhibits within them must correspondingly follow MOS:MINORWORK, like chapters within a book or songs within an album. I think this is extending that logic too far. In reality, if an exhibit within an exhibition is a painting the title will take italics per MOS:MAJORWORK, if it's an archaeological artefact it will take neither italics nor quotation marks per MOS:NEITHER, and so on. There's no need to have a guideline for exhibits as there are guidelines for the specific kinds of objects those exhibits are, and they conflict with it.

Also, in MOS:NEITHER, the final clause should be removed from "Names of buildings and other structures, aside from statues (artworks)." Public statues are often treated as having names rather than titles (see MOS:ART/TITLE) and so take neither italics nor quotation marks. Ham II (talk) 19:55, 11 March 2023 (UTC)

 * Agreed - remove the first, & perhaps weasel the second - many statues do have titles, for example Michelangelo's David, and many of his companions from around 1500 on. Johnbod (talk) 04:32, 12 March 2023 (UTC)

 * There's been no objection to the first suggestion after a fortnight, so I've removed that item, and also the reference to "individual exhibits" at.
 * I could have been clearer about public statues: the article titles for many of them fall under the "descriptive names" guideline at MOS:NEITHER (Statue of Liberty, Statue of Bruce Lee (Hong Kong), Statue of Mary Seacole) – and that is the general rule for "portrait sculptures of individuals in public places", per MOS:ART/TITLE. Others, however, are treated as having titles: Manneken Pis, The Little Mermaid (statue), Christ the Redeemer (statue). So I would now suggest two changes to MOS:NEITHER: adding "statue of Mahatma Gandhi" as one of the examples in the "Descriptive titles" bullet point, and changing "Names of buildings and other structures, aside from statues (artworks)" to "Names of buildings and other structures, except for any statues covered by MOS:ITALICTITLE". Ham II (talk) 06:36, 27 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Ok - maybe expand that a bit to explain. Johnbod (talk) 16:09, 27 March 2023 (UTC)
 * I could try giving the relevant kinds of sculpture their own bullet point in MOS:NEITHER and being more explicit that way, but they don't seem to me like a different enough case from the "Descriptive titles" examples. Unless you mean expanding the "Paintings, sculptures [etc.]" point at MOS:ITALICTITLE to explicitly mention which kinds of statues have titles in italics, but I'm even less keen on tinkering with that one.
 * It's occurred to me that, in addition to "statue of Mahatma Gandhi" at "Descriptive titles", it would be good to add "Statue of Liberty" to the sub-point on "conventional name that refers to a specific work but is a descriptor", where title case and no italics are used: "Symphony No. 2 by Gustav Mahler, Shakespeare's Sonnet 130", etc. Ham II (talk) 09:30, 2 April 2023 (UTC)
 * The "Exhibits (specific) within a larger exhibition" means sub-exhibitions named by the institution, not works of art that already had names that are on exhibit. E.g., if my museum has a big show called Punk and Post-punk Fashion, and a subdivision of that is titled "Goth Fashion".  The analogy follows Book / "Chapter", TV Series / "Episode", Album / "Song", etc. quite reasonably.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  00:02, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
 * That's not a definition of "exhibit" I've ever come across, and it doesn't seem to be in Collins or Merriam-Webster's online dictionaries. I'm aware that in American English the term can be synonymous with "exhibition" while in British it's reserved for something that's exhibited, but I'd never heard this intermediate meaning before. In what I believe is our only featured article on an exhibition, Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam, the subdivisions are called "sections" and their titles aren't mentioned, so the issue of how to style those titles doesn't arise. I'd be surprised if there were many instances of articles naming sections of an exhibition; Rebel Girls: A Survey of Canadian Feminist Videotapes 1974–1988 is one that does, I see. Ham II (talk) 19:33, 4 June 2023 (UTC)
 * In the above example, the exhibit would be Punk and Post-punk Fashion. See Tertiary-source fallacy: the fact that definitions  that treat exhibit and exhibition as equivalent words in some contexts does not make them  synonymous, or erase the fact that they have distinct usage, especially in this sort of context. Cf. also WP:IDONTKNOWIT: Whether you've personally come across a definition is irrelevant, especially if you've not actually looked. Just a few seconds on Dictionary.Cambridge.org: exhibition: an event at which objects such as paintings are shown to the public ...", but exhibit: an object that is shown to the public in a museum, etc. ... a collection of objects that is shown to the public in a museum, etc. (i.e. a discrete part of an exhibition).  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  10:19, 2 November 2023 (UTC)
 * That is the British usage, which Ham and I are used to. You only have to look at google to see that while the Metropolitan Museum sends out press releases announcing new "exhibitions", the resulting web coverage is largely about "exhibits", meaning the whole thing. I've also never come across this sub-exhibition notion. Johnbod (talk) 15:00, 2 November 2023 (UTC)
 * "[A] collection of objects that is shown to the public in a museum, etc.": that's saying that "exhibit" is a synonym of "exhibition" in American English. (From SMcCandlish's source, dictionary.cambridge.org: "US (UK exhibition)". The example it gives is "Let's go see the new dinosaur exhibit".) It doesn't say anything about that collection of objects being within an exhibition at a museum, etc. Also, WP:AGF; it should be clear that I did look for evidence of the "sub-exhibition" definition in both an American dictionary (Merriam-Webster) and a British one (Collins). Ham II (talk) 11:01, 14 December 2023 (UTC)

Should board game titles be italicized?
Currently the guideline says they should be, but actual practice is rather inconsistent. There also is not consistent guidance in other style guides, nor in media reporting on games. Want to make sure there's a clear consensus in favor of capitalization before editing hundreds of pages to standardize, in whatever direction. It also seems clear that some non-published games (e.g. Chess, Go, Reversi) shouldn't be capitalized, but this is not stated in the guideline either. Elli (talk | contribs) 23:14, 23 July 2023 (UTC)
 * That some authors are not following MOS regareding italicization of game titles does not seem to be a good reason to change the MOS. Any articles that include non-italicized game titles should be edited to add italics. As the OP has suggested, any game that was created or developed before the age of commercial game creation — poker, chess, whist, bridge, etc. — should not be italicized. Guinness323 (talk) 16:16, 24 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Agree that the titles of published commercial games should be italicized. BOZ (talk) 17:56, 24 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Just to give the links: Italicizing board game titles is in MOS:MAJORWORK. Capitalisation is in MOS:GAMECAPS; generally traditional games aren't, but Go is an exception.
 * CohenTheBohemian (talk) 13:58, 4 August 2023 (UTC)

Are titles of novellas italicized?
The guidelines state that "books... and booklets" are, but that short stories take quotation marks instead. Where do novellas fall? They are sometimes published in book form, but so are short stories.

My suggestion is that they should take quotation marks, as they are closer to short stories than novels. I can see an exception if a) they are usually published independently and b) they are clearly shorter than novels, which in this context probably means "well under 50,000 words", but I don't think this exception would be invoked very often.

If this suggestion is agreed, by the way, Template:infobox novella should be edited so that it does not automatically italicise titles. CohenTheBohemian (talk) 14:15, 4 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I disagree. IMO novellas are closer to novels, and most are currently italicized, as are all the entries in List of novellas. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 14:23, 4 August 2023 (UTC)
 * (ec) I would say they should be italicized, at least in most cases. Certainly if they are usually printed by themselves, as eg all of Category:Novellas by Joseph Conrad normally are. Of course the definition of a novella is rather subjective. Category:Novellas contains many disambiguated by either "(novel)" or "(short story)". I wouldn't myself agree that "they are closer to short stories than novels". "The Ladybird is a long tale or novella by D. H. Lawrence", says the article, but it is categorized as a short story. Johnbod (talk) 14:35, 4 August 2023 (UTC)
 * ,, thanks for your thoughts. Let me reply to both of you here.
 * As Johnbod points out, terminology is pretty vague. List of novellas and Category:Novellas are messy with things being labelled novels, short novels, short stories, etc. They're not good guides. As for Conrad, some of his novellas are printed independently (although Heart of Darkness was originally published with two other pieces) but not Typhoon, if a quick look at Amazon is reliable.
 * I think the Hugo and Nebula Awards for best novella are sensible. If it’s usually published as a book, italics; otherwise, quotation marks. Works sharing the title of a longer work, or with very similar titles, get quotation marks for clarity. If in doubt, italics.
 * CohenTheBohemian (talk) 14:49, 5 August 2023 (UTC)
 * That's about what my take would be. Italicize that which has been published in book form, use quotation marks for that which has only been published as a chapter/contribution in a larger volume. For something that's been published both ways, I would default toward to the italics.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  03:19, 6 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Then what do people think about these additions?
 * To MOS:MAJORWORK, under the line about "books and booklets":
 * Novellas which are usually published independently and do not have the same (or very similar) title as another major work such as a collection or novel. This is the default.
 * To MOS:MINORWORK, under the line about short stories:
 * Novellas which are not usually published independently, or which have the same (or very similar) title as another major work such as a collection or novel. If in doubt, use italics.
 * CohenTheBohemian (talk) 11:51, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Sure, but "as another major work by that author".  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  14:24, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I think this is confusing. "Published independently" could mean self published, and I'm confused by the shared title part. I'd just say "The titles of novellas which have been published as stand-alone books are normally italicized. Novellas which are only published as part of collections use quotation marks. Quotation marks may also be used to help distinguish a novella from a longer work with the same or similar title." pburka (talk) 15:11, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, I like that better.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  15:24, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * That looks good to me too; maybe add "by the same author" at the end per SMcCandlish's qualifier. CohenTheBohemian (talk) 16:12, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Are Sparkling Rain (anthology) and "Sparkling Rain" (short story) by the same author? Not really, but they still need to be distinguished. pburka (talk) 16:28, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Are Sparkling Rain (anthology) and "Sparkling Rain" (short story) by the same author? Not really, but they still need to be distinguished. pburka (talk) 16:28, 9 August 2023 (UTC)

Should names of franchises be italicized?
This guideline currently states:

 * Descriptive titles for media franchises (including trilogies and other series of novels or films) and fictional universes should not be placed in italics or quotation marks, even when based on a character or feature of the works

So, the way I'm reading it, this should be correct:

 * Star Wars is a media franchise.
 * Star Wars is a product from the Star Wars media franchise, likely Star Wars (film).

However, look at this page: List of highest-grossing media franchises. And these pages: Winnie the Pooh (franchise), Disney Princess, Mario (franchise), The Lion King (franchise).

All those names are italicized. The only two pages that seem to follow the rule are Wizarding World and Marvel Cinematic Universe.

The confusing part for me here is the term descriptive title. This is apparently different from the official title?

If so, then this would be correct:

 * Wookiees are aliens within the Star Wars universe.
 * Star Wars Rebels is a TV series from the Star Wars franchise.

But if you look at these two articles, you'll see that the term Star Wars is italicized in both cases.

There is another thing I don't get: the paragraph in the guideline is named "Series titles", with MOS:SERIESTITLE as the shortcut. But the text appears to be about media franchises and fictional universes, not series.

- Manifestation (talk) 17:31, 8 August 2023 (UTC)

 * A series is a kind of media franchise, and "Star Wars media franchise" should have the first two words italicized because the franchise is named for the film, and we italicize the names of major works such as films. "Sherlock Holmes stories" is not italicized, because it's named for a character, not a book called Sherlock Holmes. pburka (talk) 17:49, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Exactly.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  18:38, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Ok, so franchises named after a piece of media should be italicized, such as The Lion King or Street Fighter. Franchises named after a character, or something else, should *not* be italicized, such as Batman (franchise), James Bond, or Marvel Universe. Am I right? - Manifestation (talk) 21:10, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * The way I read it, the title of a series of franchise should be capitalized, and a name of a group of them which is not shouldn't be. QuicoleJR (talk) 21:19, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * @Manifestation: Yes, except for Batman, which is the name of a comic book, so could reasonably be italicized. I think it's impossible to really distinguish between the comic book and the character, so I'd lean towards italicization. Same for, e.g., Winnie the Pooh. pburka (talk) 21:23, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * No, the series should always be italicized, it's just when the series shares the name of the title character, you don't italicize it when the prose is only referring to the character itself. Allusions to the Batman series should be capitalized. Allusions to the Batman character himself should not. Sergecross73   msg me  23:35, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * We don't italicize things like "James Bond films" or "Marvel Universe". "Batman series" is only italicized because Batman is a (comic) book. pburka (talk) 00:56, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * We don't? The article James Bond literally opens up as "The James Bond series focuses..." I didn't mean we italicize the literal word "series", I meant we italicize the actual name of the series. Sergecross73   msg me  01:59, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * We don't, if we're following MOS:SERIESTITLE. pburka (talk) 02:19, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * List of James Bond films doesn't even follow it, and it's featured status. I typically haven't observed this in the video game content area either, like Sonic the Hedgehog, also featured status. Either someone is misunderstanding it or it's pretty poorly enforced... Sergecross73   msg me  02:25, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * This was discussed quite extensively in 2015 at Talk:List of James Bond novels and short stories/Archive 2, but I honestly don't remember what the outcome was. pburka (talk) 02:31, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes. I don't know why anyone's making it more difficult than it really is: italicize the titles of major works (novels, series, etc.), including when they appear in (or as) the name of a franchise. It is no more complicated than that.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  04:58, 9 August 2023 (UTC)

MOS:5LETTER and conjunctions
It presently states: Short coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor ; also for, yet, so when used as conjunctions) [are not capitalized]. Immediately after is a similar rule about short prepositions, and it specifies four letters or fewer. I.e., we capitalize if 5 or longer. I think the conjunction rule should be specific in this regard as well, just for consistency's sake, and to remove any doubt or fighting about what "short" means. E.g., there are conjuctions of four letters (such as that in "We Eat that We Should Not Starve"; it's a bit obsolescent, but still encountered.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  00:02, 21 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Using the word "short" here is weird since there are no long coordinating conjunctions. Each of the seven coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) has either two or three letters. "That" on the other hand is a subordinating conjunction, which are always capitalized according to the previous section. I would simply change "Short coordinating conjunctions" to "Coordinating conjunctions". Darkday (talk) 06:31, 21 September 2023 (UTC)

RfC about capitalizing after dash or colon
Please see Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Capital letters – involves MOS:TITLES. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  00:08, 21 September 2023 (UTC)

Should all exhibitions be free of italics (or quotes)?
I noted that Camp: Notes on Fashion is italicised, and our guidance here (MOS:NEITHER) says that as an exhibition, it should not be:

I was going to change the article, but I hesitate. While it feels like that line makes sense for the exhibitions that are events, especially collective events like the ones listed, for an exhibition that behaves more like an essay or a thesis—a creative output—italics feel more appropriate. Do editors here have opinions? — HTGS (talk) 21:56, 30 October 2023 (UTC)

 * It's a bit confusing, but you also have in MOS:MAJORWORK the following: Named exhibitions (artistic, historical, scientific, educational, cultural, literary, etc. – generally hosted by, or part of, an existing institution such as a museum or gallery), but not large-scale exhibition events. So Camp: Notes on Fashion seems to fit this. Gonnym (talk) 22:03, 30 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Yeah, an exhibition that is a "work" of someone in a sense gets the italics, but something like Comic-Con International or a trade expo does not. We probably need a cross-reference from that line item at MOS:NEITHER to MOS:MAJORWORK to avoid future confusion. The problem here is that the cross-referencing is just one-way.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  08:28, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Johnbod (talk) 13:32, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅: . People should feel free to copyedit it, but it seems pretty reasonable.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  09:58, 2 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you all! Exactly as my intuition told me it should be, and all is again well in the universe. — HTGS (talk) 03:57, 9 November 2023 (UTC)

Short film title question
Short films are italicized.TlonicChronic (talk) 01:13, 10 December 2023 (UTC) At IMDb title, the instructions for the  parameter claim that MOS:TITLE states that quotes should be used for short films. Can I assume that it did say that at one point, but has since been updated to recommend italics, in which case IMDb title is in need of an update? If so, I am unable to perform it myself. It seems to be the sole reason for the existence of the  parameter. Thanks! 1980fast (talk) 18:55, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

 * That is incorrect. Short films are still films and use italics. Gonnym (talk) 19:47, 27 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Yeah, epsiodes of TV shows (and of similar things, like podcast series) go in quotes. But a short film like Pool Sharks (1915) goes in italics.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  00:48, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you both! That is exactly as I would have thought. The incorrect text on the template really threw me for a loop. 1980fast (talk) 01:15, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Minor note, : you actually able to edit the guidance at IMDb title, as the documentation (everything in green) is transcluded from Template:IMDb title/doc, and not part of the template structure itself. Not an issue now, but perhaps useful in future. — HTGS (talk) 23:37, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you for pointing that out! I didn't know this, and I completely missed the relevant controls, but I see them now. 1980fast (talk) 02:54, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

Title of an article about a song
There is currently a discussion about the proper formatting of the title of an article about a song. It's at Talk:Sex (I'm A...). Interested editors are encouraged to contribute their views on this question. Please post there instead of here, to keep the discussion all in one place. Thanks. — Mudwater (Talk) 11:16, 7 December 2023 (UTC)

Capitalizing compound prepositions
The rule on compound prepositions is not a part of any style guide outside of Wikipedia that I've seen, and I believe it should be removed. The example given, Time Out of Mind, seems incorrect to me: it implies a noun phrase "Time Out" that is "of Mind". I believe the correct capitalization should be "Time out of Mind". It seems like someone possibly misremembered a rule they were taught on compound prepositions, which can either mean a preposition that is a compound word consisting of two prepositions (such as "within"), which are generally capitalized as they are longer than four letters. "Compound preposition" here is being used to refer to any to adjacent adpositions, in which case normal title casing rules should apply. NYT has an exception for emphasized words, but in cases such as "Time out of Mind" or "Fish out of Water", out is not emphasized. TlonicChronic (talk) 01:11, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

 * It does seem off to me, but because I claim no expertise, I found from this Stack Exchange question, the following point, which seems true, and may well be the goal of the rule: — HTGS (talk) 00:34, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * "According" is an adverb (-ing words aren't ever adpositions), and should always be capitalized. Either way, it doesn't matter, as "according" is over four letters, which isn't a rule I love, but is standard most places. TlonicChronic (talk) 14:37, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * To be clear, this is about the titles of works. Most reliable source do capitalize these words in the titles of works. I'm not sure what style guides might have to say about it, but it seems to be the common practice. older ≠ wiser 15:03, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree most sources do for the Bojack episode, but I think a lot of times the first preposition is actually in a verb phrase "Climb Up with Grace" or a noun phrase, etc., or they're just capitalizing every word. Either way, that should fall under common reference, it shouldn't have it's own rule on Wikipedia. I don't intend to fight you on every page, for what it's worth. I mostly think the rule is incorrect, and I would like to change the Charles Lloyd record, as I'm standardizing the ECM pages. TlonicChronic (talk) 15:18, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I might be wrong here. I looked up articles titled "fish out of water" and they do all seem to capitalize "out". TlonicChronic (talk) 15:26, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I think I figured out what's going on: this has nothing to do with compound prepositions; some editorials capitalize "Out" and "Up" even when used as a preposition. But typically "out" and "up" are only capitalized in a verb- or noun-phrase, not a compound preposition. TlonicChronic (talk) 15:46, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I dunno about these arcane grammatical distinctions, but if you look at reliable sources (i.e., prose with editorial review, not just list and headlines or fanzine-type materials), they will typically capitalize these in titles of works. older ≠ wiser 15:50, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I suppose that makes sense; "out of" implies a verb-phrase "(to) be out". I could see all compound prepositions implying an inherent verb after the noun. I no longer feel competent to make a decision on this. TlonicChronic (talk) 16:16, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * If you look up the Charles Lloyd album, ECM album capitalizes every word in English, AllMusic capitalizes the Out always, and a lot of the jazz publications with lower case "out" and "of" as they are short prepositions. TlonicChronic (talk) 15:47, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Out is more often an adjective or adverb; as a preposition, it's a contraction of the prepositional phrases out of ("run out the doorway") or out in ("I'm going out back"), and in many constructions leans toward colloquial/dialectal ("took my groceries out the car"). I've read almost every style guide ever, and I don't recall one suggesting to lower-case compound prepositions in this sense of that term (i.e. multi-word prepositional phrases) as a particular class. Those styles that lower-case prepositions, even long and uncommon ones like alongside, would lowercase these as well, simply as members of the prepositional class. Whether an argument can be made in a particular case that Out in a title is being used prepositionally (alone or as part of a prepositional phrase) and so should qualify for lower-casing under MOS:5LETTER's general principle, there is simply no community appetite for such hair-splitting, as I've learned the hard way over the years in a lot of contentious RMs. This clearly falls under an enumerated exception anyway: Apply our five-letter rule (above) for prepositions except when a significant majority of current, reliable sources that are independent of the subject consistently capitalize, in the title of a specific work, a word that is frequently not a preposition, such as "Like" and "Past". The use of those two words was as examples not as a complete list, and out is "a word that is frequently not a preposition", and in most work titles we're going to encounter is going to qualify under "a significant majority of current, reliable sources that are independent of the subject consistently capitalize [it] in the title of [that] specific work". That is to say, the MoS rules already have this covered, and they defer to independent RS usage regarding a specific work, even if some of us would have preferred a more hard-line consistency being imposed on short prepositions. That horse is simply long out of the barn (or "out the barn" if you prefer). Testy aside: This "follow the sources" exceptionalism sometimes has stupid results when applied to style instead of to facts, like Spider-Man: Far From Home with an over-capitalized from, which happened only because almost all the "reliable sources" are not truly independent, but are entertainment press, beholden entirely to the entertainment industry's advertising money, and who bend over backward to mimic stylizations preferred by trademark holders. It's dumb because if this were a work of great cinema, it would garner coverage in film and media and other academic journals, and they would near-universally render it Spider-Man: Far from Home. The "From" result we're stuck with at least for now is a classic WP:Common-style fallacy, of mistaking the style of one tiny segment of sources, mostly following the same style guide (AP Stylebook) or derivatives that track it closely, while ignoring all other style approaches across all other publication types, and doing so simply because the head-count number of such publications in that one sector that bothered covering the subject more often is larger. This is closely related to the WP:Specialized-style fallacy, under the confusion of which, as just one example, birders tried to force Wikipedia to capitalize all common (vernacular) names of bird species because it was typically done that way by ornithological publishers, never mind that nearly no one else (newspapers, dictionaries, encyclopedias, not even general-science journals when publishing ornithological papers) did so. And that was 8 solid years of drama and disruption. People like to complain that "style doesn't matter" and "this MoS stuff is a distraction" and "it's all just trivia", but the ones who do so are usually the first to latch onto a personal style pecadillo and fight half to death to get their way. End screed.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  17:53, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you TlonicChronic (talk) 18:35, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Sorry for the disruption. I'm used to Chicago, which doesn't capitalize any, and I outside the NYT, which always capitalizes out, up, off, and a couple others, I have never seen anyone capitalized out when used as a preposition outside a verbal phrase before today. If you have happen to a minute, could you fill me in on why multi-word prepositions get capitalized or point me in a good direction? I was never taught about it in college and I only have Chicago on me and S&W on me, not blue book, and I can't find anything online, and you've definitely read more style guides than I have. TlonicChronic (talk) 18:50, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * If I could ask one more (unrelated) question, does the whole possessive noun get linked, or should the "'s" stay unlinked? You seem like a good person to ask. TlonicChronic (talk) 19:26, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Well, I don't really have the time for poring over oodles of style manuals to quote them, and these days I only keep a few current ones around (my old hobby of trying to collect them all and update to new editions of each was expensive and took up a of room). I'm not sure that a "style guide X says this but style guide Y says that" analysis would mean much on this (though they can be useful on some questions). The facts we have to deal with in this particular matter are that 1) in most titles of works (at least modern ones) most non-academic publishers (magazines, newspaper, blogs, popular-culture book writers, etc.) are going to capitalize "Out" because frankly most of the writers of such material can't tell when it's a prepositional use of the word in the first place; 2) for this kind of question in particular, there was an RfC that concluded to permit upper-casing of words like Out and Past (those that are often not used as prepositions or recognized as them by the average reader) if most sources about a particular work capitalized them in the case of that work. This was the decision because so many sources capitalize these words in so many titles of works, that editors were rebelling and readers probably surprised at titles being in forms like Bat out of Hell when they expected Bat Out of Hell and all the sources we were citing used the "Out" spelling, too. That is, the consensus was to forgo total rule consistency in favor of less astonishment. Not everyone's happy with that, but that's what compromise is, really: neither side gets everything they want [the other side here really wants nothing short of the close mimicry of every nuance of every title and other trademark], but both get a middle ground they can more or less live with.As for the link question, I think you're asking whether to do   versus   versus  ; it's the first, because the second won't work for most names (depends on someone having created a redirect for that case specifically), and the third is redundant markup. Same with basic plurals:   not   or  ; complex plurals, where the base word changes, have to be piped:  . Other suffixes are supported by the short format:  .  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  03:27, 13 December 2023 (UTC)
 * thank you! TlonicChronic (talk) 03:33, 13 December 2023 (UTC)

Tools for adjusting capitalization in citations?
While not the norm, it is common for published materials to have titles and the names of subdivisions in all caps. Are there wiki tools for changing such text in citations to sentence case? If such tools exist, should this article mention them? -- Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 14:57, 13 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I use User:WikiMasterGhibif/capitalize.js which converts a selected string to lowercase. Far from perfect (it doesn't deal with diacritics), it at least decreases the amount of manual adjustments. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 00:52, 14 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I use an add-on called TitleCase in Firefox. I did a while ago make a Phabricator request for the function in AWB (T337483). A few subscribers may help, though I may need to cut some code to make it happen :-)  Neils51 (talk) 06:19, 14 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you for both those hints. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 13:06, 14 December 2023 (UTC)

Competing proposals for change to MOS:THETITLE
Please see Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style. There are at least four different change proposals floating around in that not very coherent thread, all predicated on the notion that it's confusing to use The New York Times but Los Angeles Times to match the actual titles of the publications (plus a claim that it's somehow too hard to figure out what the actual title of the publication is). — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  04:15, 24 December 2023 (UTC)

MOS:TITLECAPS footnote to handle symbols substituting for words
MOS:TITLECAPS says (in part):

The proposal here is to add a foonote to address unusual cases that MOS presently does not account for, leading to some confusion about what "word" means in the above instruction:

This follows on from a fairly extensive discussion at Talk:Sex (I'm A...) – to "Sex (I'm a ...)" and "Talk:Sex (I'm a ...)", to comply with both MOS:ELLIPSIS and the actual intent of MOS:TITLECAPS (which was never to capitalize mid-sentence usage of the indefinite or definite articles, or short prepositions). It is desirable to clarify the MoS on this point before the WP:RM discussion, since MoS's lack of clarity on the question would likely result in the RM's failure to come to consensus in the first place, though the pre-RM discussion there has been productive. I've attempted to account for every variation of this sort of thing, so that no other edge cases come up without MoS addressing them already (including emoji, which are increasingly showing up in titles of songs, videos, social media posts, even articles).

The one thing it does not do is recommend that a title that with an ellipsis should treat that ellisis as the  word: "... and Justice for All". This is because "... And Justice for All" clearly dominates in independent source material (when it bothers to include the ellipsis at all), most likely because it is more recognizable as a title that way, and it does not lead to the problem of lower-cased "... and" beginning a sentence about the song. Someone has already semi-researched matters like this with Chicago Manual of Style, AP Stylebook, and usage in The New York Times, which all agree on the "What in the Name of ...?" format given above, i.e. treating "the" as not the last "word" – but without addressing a ellipsis. The author of that particular article suggested using "...and Justice for All". However, the case for doing that seems very weak when independent source usage is examined; the only thing it has going for it is a rather artificial consistency with ellipsis at the end (which no one would notice except in a weird two-ellipses title like "... The Lambs, and Sloths, and Carp, and Anchovies, and Orangutans, and..."), but coming at the very high cost of consistency with all other titles which of course start upper-case (even in sentence-case citations, in which a final word in a title would not). PS: Our own article on the Metallica song is at "...And Justice for All (song)", but should move to "... And Justice for All (song)", with a space, to comply with MOS:ELLIPSIS. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  22:53, 26 December 2023 (UTC)
 * This all makes perfect sense to me. I think the way you've written this is comprehensive enough to cover all the cases, or at least all the ones I can think of, so thanks for putting in the effort.  I hope other editors agree with this suggested enhancement to the style guide. — Mudwater (Talk) 01:08, 27 December 2023 (UTC)
 * SMcCandlish, I sign off on this also, it's well-reasoned and well-written. Remsense  留  17:57, 27 December 2023 (UTC)

I would like to encourage other editors to take the time to read through SMcCandlish's proposal above. It's actually pretty straightforward. An example would be the article title that started this discussion. should be renamed to, with a lowercase "a", and a space after the "a". The three periods stand in for a word, so it's as if "a" is not the last word of the title. The rest of the proposal elaborates on this and covers other, similar situations. — Mudwater (Talk) 23:25, 31 December 2023 (UTC)
 * No one seems to have issues with or questions about it, but it's still mid-holidays for a lot of people, and there is no hurry. I figure let this sit for a week or so longer, before implementing it.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  09:56, 1 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Okay, waited another week with no issues raised, so I've implemented this, exactly as given above.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  21:36, 8 January 2024 (UTC)

Weird exception (that we don't need to codify a rule about)
I recently ran across a permissible (call it WP:IAR) exception to not capitalizing "a" "an" or "the" in mid-title: It is Index, A History of the, in which the first word has been transparently moved to the middle for humorous effect. Per WP:MOSBLOAT, we have no reason to codify this in MOS:TITLES even as a footnote, since there is not likely to be another case of this any time soon, and there's no evidenced dispute about it. Just thought it worth mentioning here "for the record". — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  10:15, 7 January 2024 (UTC)

The case for newspaper articles
What case should the titles of newspaper articles be in - title or sentence? And does it make a difference if they are quoted in an article or used as a source? Examining MOS:TITLECAPS hasn't helped me decide, so perhaps that could be tweaked, to help those like me who are slow of wit. Thanks. Gog the Mild (talk) 16:46, 12 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Either is acceptable (aiming for consistency within the article); see MOS:ALLCAPS: "Reduce newspaper headlines and other titles from all caps to title case – or to sentence case if required by the citation style established in the article." Doremo (talk) 17:50, 12 March 2024 (UTC)

Example does not match article
lists "Dangerous World Tour" as an instance where the word "Dangerous" should be italicised, but the Dangerous World Tour page does not italicise it. This page or the DWT page should be edited to reflect the other. LightNightLights (talk • contribs) 18:55, 30 March 2024 (UTC)

Software titles
Current guidance is MOS:NEITHER italics nor quotation marks for software other than games and MOS:ITALICTITLE for video gaming software. There is an old undiscussed complaint about the arbitrariness between the two software types. The current guidance is insufficient because often software titles are common or short words that need special formatting for proper interpretation, such as in compress: "Files compressed by compress..." Without a reasonable guidance, we're seeing other types of formatting being adopted in practice, such as in  (using code tags) or ed (software) (using small letters). I'd like to propose amending the style guide to recommend using, which is less visually intrusive that and semantically richer than : , ,. fgnievinski (talk) 14:57, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

"Mos:TITLES" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mos:TITLES&redirect=no Mos:TITLES] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Utopes (talk / cont) 21:49, 25 April 2024 (UTC)

Websites
The article states "Website titles may or may not be italicized in running text depending on the type of site and what kind of content it features." Well, that couldn't be more vague! I am editing an article with a website that is mentioned many times. I don't want to mention which one because I don't want us to get off on my singular situation. However, one editor italicized and as you might expect, another simply wrote it plain with capital letters. Can we get some clarification, or if that was a bit of a throw-away statement because policy has not yet been established, can we have that discussion now and come up with a consensus to establish policy on how to handle websites? I have no opinion (which is very rare), but I am a black/white kind of person. I like rules to be established and then I like to follow them, whatever they are. Who wants to start the conversation? MarydaleEd (talk) 02:00, 21 May 2024 (UTC)

Punctuation and spacing in non-English titles
MOS:CONFORM says:
 * When quoting text from non-English languages, the outer punctuation should follow the Manual of Style for English quote marks. If there are nested quotations, follow the rules for correct punctuation in that language.

Does this apply to non-English titles of minor works (including in citation templates?). For example, see this discussion about whether a French title in a ref should have spacing before colons and use guillemets (« ») instead of single quotes? -- Yodin T 13:23, 20 July 2024 (UTC)
 * In cs1|2 citation templates ( in this example – should be ) the use of html entities is discouraged because such use corrupts the citation's metadata; see . As it reads in the current version (permalink), the value in title corrupts the citation's metadata because it includes multiple   entities:
 * The example template appears to have been added at this edit 28 November 2023. In that addition, the source article title is:
 * That agrees with the title provided by the source. I can see no reason for the removal/replacement of the guillemets.  The only change that needs be made to that title is to convert the curly apostrophe to typewriter apostrophe per WP:CURLY.
 * —Trappist the monk (talk) 14:05, 20 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks @Trappist the monk: would using actual non non-breaking space unicode character " " be acceptable (as French Wikipedia recommends), or would the HTML renderer turn these into HTML entities anyway, and break the COinS metadata in the same way? -- Yodin T 15:03, 20 July 2024 (UTC)
 * This is the English Wikipedia. MOS:NBSP applies:
 * Insert non-breaking and thin spaces as named character reference ( or ), or as templates that generate these, and never by entering them directly into the edit window from the keyboard – they are visually indistinguishable from regular spaces, and later editors will be unable to see what they are.
 * In keeping with that, cs1|2 checks title for nbsp and other invisible characters. When found, cs1|2 emits an error message:
 * —Trappist the monk (talk) 15:26, 20 July 2024 (UTC)
 * In keeping with that, cs1|2 checks title for nbsp and other invisible characters. When found, cs1|2 emits an error message:
 * —Trappist the monk (talk) 15:26, 20 July 2024 (UTC)
 * —Trappist the monk (talk) 15:26, 20 July 2024 (UTC)
 * —Trappist the monk (talk) 15:26, 20 July 2024 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works

This part of the Manual of Style covers title formats and style for works of art or artifice, such as capitalization and italics versus quotation marks.

Italics
Italic type (text like this, marked up with pairs of apostrophes as ) should be used for the following types of names and titles, or abbreviations thereof:

Major works

 * Officially named series of major works: The Lord of the Rings film series
 * Audio albums (musical or spoken-word)
 * Non-generic names of major independent musical compositions :
 * Musicals, operas, operettas and other self-contained pieces of musical theatre
 * Named oratorios, cantatas, motets, orchestral works, and other compositions beyond the scope of a single song or dance:
 * Symphony No. 2 by Gustav Mahler, known as the Resurrection Symphony ... (generic vs. non-generic name)
 * Stravinsky's Cantata is a work for soprano, tenor, female choir, and instrumental ensemble ... (unnamed cantata)
 * On an Overgrown Path (Czech: Po zarostlém chodníčku) is a cycle of thirteen piano pieces written by Leoš Janáček ... (named piano composition)
 * Books, multi-volume works (e.g. encyclopedias), and booklets
 * But not pre-modern religious texts or scriptures: the Bible, the Quran, the Bhagavad Gita, the Old Testament, Epistle to the Galatians (but Kitab al-Kāfī is italicized with as transliterated Arabic, since this title is not assimilated into English the way Quran and Bhagavad Gita are)
 * The titles of novellas which have been published as stand-alone books are normally italicized. Novellas which are only published as parts of collections use quotation marks. Quotation marks may also be used to help distinguish a novella from a longer work with the same or similar title.
 * Television and radio programs, specials, shows, series and serials
 * Films (including short films) and documentaries
 * Comic books, comic strips, graphic novels and manga
 * Video games, board games, trading card games
 * Court case names, but not case citation or law report details included with the case name: Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)
 * Named exhibitions (artistic, historical, scientific, educational, cultural, literary, etc. – generally hosted by, or part of, an existing institution such as a museum or gallery), but not large-scale exhibition events
 * Paintings, sculptures and other works of visual art with a title rather than a name
 * Periodicals (newspapers, journals, magazines)
 * Plays (including published screenplays and teleplays)
 * Long or epic poems: Paradise Lost by John Milton
 * Syndicated columns and other features republished regularly by others
 * Titles of doctoral and master's theses and dissertations

The actual medium of publication or presentation is not a factor; a video feature released only on video tape, disc or the Internet is considered a "film" for these purposes, and likewise an e-book is a book, a webcomic is a comic strip, a music album available only from the artist on a limited-edition USB drive is a real album, a TV series available only via streaming services is still a series, etc.

(any specifically titled subdivisions of italicized major works) are given in quotation marks.

Website titles may or may not be italicized in running text depending on the type of site and what kind of content it features. Online magazines, newspapers, and news sites with original content should generally be italicized (Salon or HuffPost|undefined). Online non-user-generated encyclopedias and dictionaries should also be italicized (Scholarpedia or Merriam-Webster Online). Other types of websites should be decided on a case-by-case basis.

These cases are well-established conventions recognized in most style guides. Do not apply italics to other categories or instances because you feel they are creative or artful (e.g. game or sport moves, logical arguments, "artisanal" products, schools of practice or thought, Internet memes, aphorisms, etc.).

Similar cases
Some similar cases that are not titles of works include:
 * Certain scientific names: named genes (but not proteins encoded by them); genus and lower taxons (e.g. species and subspecies), but not higher taxa
 * Specific, named transportation vehicles (but not prefixes, classifications, identifying numbers or other designations for them), including ships, spacecraft, trains, and locomotives (but not smaller conveyances such as cars or buses). Example: USS Baltimore (CA-68), the lead ship of the Baltimore-class cruisers

Link formatting
To display text in italics, enclose it in double apostrophes.
 * The Mary Tyler Moore Show is produced by italicizing around (not inside) the link:.

If the title is also a wikilink but only part of it should be italicized, use italics around or inside a piped link to properly display the title:
 * Casablanca is produced by  or.
 * Without piping, this wikilink would display – and incorrectly italicize – the disambiguation term, which is not part of the film title.

Italicizing Wikipedia article titles
If the title of a Wikipedia article requires italicization, there are a few options:
 * Use to italicize the part of the title before the first parenthesis.
 * Use to italicize the part of the title in the parenthesis.
 * Use the magic word or  template for titles with a mix of italic and roman text, as at List of Sex and the City episodes and The Hustler (novel).
 * Use an infobox template that automatically handles italicization, such as used at Casablanca (film).

These templates should be placed at the top of the page (but below, if present).

Minor works
Italics are generally used only for titles of longer works. Titles of shorter works should be enclosed in double quotation marks ("text like this"). It particularly applies to works that exist as a smaller part of a larger work. Examples of titles which are quoted but not italicized:
 * Articles, essays, papers, or conference presentation notes (stand-alone or in a collected larger work): "The Dos and Don'ts of Dating Online" is an article by Phil McGraw on his advice site.
 * Chapters of a longer work (they may be labeled alternatively, e.g. sections, parts, or "books" within an actual book, etc.)
 * Entries in a reference work (dictionary, encyclopedia, etc.)
 * Single episodes or plot arcs of a television series or other serial audio-visual program: "The Germans" is an episode of the television programme Fawlty Towers
 * Leaflets, flyers, circulars, brochures, postcards, instruction sheets, and other ephemeral publications
 * Sections within a periodical, including features, departments, columns (non-syndicated), titled cartoons (not syndicated comic strips)
 * Segments of a play, film, television show, etc., including named acts, skits, scenes, and the like
 * Short poems: "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" by Robert Frost
 * Short stories (textual or graphic): "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" by Ambrose Bierce
 * Story lines that span multiple issues of a periodical
 * Songs, instrumentals, arias, numbers in a musical, movements of longer musical piece, album tracks, singles, and other short musical compositions: The Beatles' song "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" appears on the album also titled Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
 * Speeches, lectures, and conference presentations (only if given a specific title)

This convention also applies to songs, speeches, manuscripts, etc., with no known formal titles but which are conventionally referred to by lines from them as if they were titles: Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech.

The formatting of the title of a pamphlet, which is on the divide between a booklet or short book on the one hand and a leaflet or brochure on the other – specifically, whether to italicize the title or place it within quotation marks – is left to editorial discretion at the article in question. Anything that has been assigned an ISBN or ISSN should be italicized. Another rule of thumb is that if the work is intended to stand alone and to be kept for later reference, or is likely to be seen as having merit as a stand-alone work, italicize it. Use quotation marks if the item is entirely ephemeral, trivial, or simply promotional of some other work or product.

The convention of italicizing non-English words and phrases does not apply to proper names; thus, a title of a short non-English work simply receives quotation marks.

Additional markup
If text is enclosed in quotation marks, do not include the quotation marks in any additional formatting markup. For example, if a title in quotation marks is the subject of a Wikipedia article and therefore displayed in boldface in the lead section, the quotation marks should not be in boldface because they are not part of the title itself. For further information, see.

Titles in quotation marks that include (or in unusual cases consist of) something that requires italicization for some other reason than being a title, e.g. a genus and species name, or a foreign-language phrase, or the name of a larger work being referred to, also use the needed italicization, inside the quotation marks: "Ferromagnetic Material in the Eastern Red-spotted Newt Notophthalmus viridescens" (an academic journal article containing an italicized phrase), and "Somebody's Been Reading Dante's Inferno" (a television episode with the title of a major work).

Neither
There are cases in which titles should not be in italics nor in quotation marks (though many are capitalized):

 * Religious texts of large, well-known religions
 * Legal or constitutional documents: temporary restraining order, the Bill of Rights
 * Descriptive titles: a reference to or description of a work or part of a work when not using its actual title or conventional name: 137th graduation address, conference keynote speech, an introductory aria, Satie's furniture music, State of the Union address, Nixon's Checkers speech; also: the season finale of Game of Thrones, not the "Season Finale" of Game of Thrones
 * This also applies to a conventional name that refers to a specific work but is a descriptor: Symphony No. 2 by Gustav Mahler, Shakespeare's Sonnet 130, the Magnificat by Schütz, the Adagio sometimes attributed to Albinoni
 * Traditional games, sports, dances, and other activities: hopscotch, blackjack, rugby football, American football, Viennese waltz, geocaching
 * Software other than games: iTunes, traceroute, Sobig
 * Commercial products other than media works: Cheerios, Toyota Sportivo Coupe, Silly Putty
 * Exhibitions, concerts, and other events: the world's fairs, Expo 2010, Cannes Film Festival, Burning Man, Lollapalooza. An exception is named exhibitions (cultural, artistic, scientific, etc.) that have the character of a major work by a person or organizational creator. Another exception is a concert, tour, etc., containing the name of a work that would be italicized; that part is italicized: Dangerous World Tour.
 * Smaller parts of larger works when they are simply numbered sequentially, and the title appears that way in the work (or a preponderance of reliable sources about the work): To Kill a Mockingbird, Part One, Chapter 1
 * Names (not to be confused with titles) of some works of art such as illuminated manuscripts: the Vienna Dioscorides (which is a copy of De Materia Medica by Dioscorides)
 * Names of archaeological artifacts, including those with inscriptions: the Rosetta Stone
 * Names of buildings and other structures: the Taj Mahal, the Statue of Liberty

Religious texts
Texts of large, well-known religions should not normally be italicized. For example, Bible, Quran, Talmud, Bhagavad Gita, Adi Granth, Book of Mormon, and Avesta are not italicized. Their constituent parts, such as Book of Ruth, New Testament, or Gospel of Matthew, are not italicized either, as such titles are generally traditional rather than original ones. However, the titles of specific published versions of religious texts should be italicized: Authorized King James Version and New Edition of the Babylonian Talmud.

Many relatively obscure spiritual works are also generally italicized, particularly if the work is not likely to be well-known to the Wikipedia reader, if the work was first published in modern times and has not undergone substantial changes, or if it might be unclear that the title refers to a book. For example, The Urantia Book, The Satanic Bible, Divine Principle, and Gylfaginning should be italicized.

Series titles
Descriptive titles for media franchises (including trilogies and other series of novels or films) and fictional universes should be placed in italics or quotation marks, even when based on a character or feature of the works: the Sherlock Holmes mysteries; Tolkien's Middle-earth writings. Those with official names from the publisher are capitalized (in the singular, not in plural and other genericizing constructions), without quotation marks or italics: Marvel Universe, Marvel Cinematic Universe, and DC Universe, but the Marvel and DC comics universes.

However, the following should be set in italics:
 * Actual titles of a series declared by the author or publisher: Les Rougon-Macquart, The Chronicles of Narnia
 * The name of an individual work within the series name: the Star Wars franchise, named for the Star Wars film; the Three Colours trilogy, named for films with the prefix Three Colours. Do not capitalize or italicize descriptive terms that are not part of an official series title (as with "franchise" and "trilogy" in those two examples).

For use of definite and indefinite articles at the start of a series title, apply the same rules as for work titles.

Punctuation
Place adjacent punctuation outside any quotation marks or italics unless the punctuation is part of the title itself. Where subtitle punctuation is unclear (e.g. because the subtitle is given on a separate line on the cover or a poster), use a colon and a space, not a dash, comma, or other punctuation, to separate the title elements. If there are two subtitles, a dash can be used between the second and third elements.
 * Johnson spoke often of Huckleberry Finn, his favorite novel. – The comma is not part of the title and therefore is not italicized.
 * George Orwell's well-known 1946 essay in Horizon, "Politics and the English Language", condemned the hypocrisy endemic in political writing and speech. – The commas are not part of the title and are therefore outside the quotation marks.
 * O Brother, Where Art Thou? is a 2000 comedic film. – The comma and question mark are both part of the title and are therefore italicized.

Capital letters
For Wikipedia article titles that are not the titles of works and are not in foreign languages, the English Wikipedia uses sentence case (this is also true of section headings, captions, etc.) In sentence case, generally only the first word and all proper names are capitalized. Examples: List of selection theorems, Women's rights in Haiti.

In titles (including subtitles, if any) of English-language works (books, poems, songs, etc.), every word is capitalized except for the definite and indefinite articles, the short coordinating conjunctions, and any short prepositions. This is known as. Capitalization of non-English titles varies by language. Wikipedia normally follows these conventions when referring to such works, whether in the name of an article or within the text.

permits the use of pre-defined, off-Wikipedia citation styles within Wikipedia, and some of these expect sentence case for certain titles (usually article and chapter titles). Title case should not be imposed on such titles under such a citation style consistently used in an article.

Always capitalized: When using title case, the following words be capitalized:
 * The first and last word of the title (e.g. A Home to Go Back To)
 * Every adjective, adverb, noun, pronoun, and subordinating conjunction (Me, It, His, If, etc.)
 * Every verb, including forms of to be (Be, Am, Is, Are, Being, Was, Were, Been)
 * Prepositions that contain five letters or more (During, Through, About, Until, Below, Under, etc.) – the "five-letter rule"
 * Words that have the same form as prepositions, but are not being used specifically as prepositions
 * Particles of phrasal verbs (e.g. Give Up the Ghost, "Puttin' On the Ritz")
 * The first word in a compound preposition (e.g. Time Out of Mind)

Not capitalized: For title case, the words that are capitalized on Wikipedia (unless they are the first or last word of a title) are:
 * Indefinite and definite articles (a, an, the)
 * Short coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor; also for, yet, so when used as conjunctions)
 * Prepositions containing four letters or fewer (as, in, of, on, to, for, from, into, like, over, with, upon, etc.); but see above for instances where these words are not used as prepositions
 * The word to in infinitives

Other styles exist with regard to prepositions, including three- or even two-letter rules in news and entertainment journalism, and many academic publishers call for capitalization of no prepositions at all. These styles are not used on Wikipedia, including for titles of pop-culture or academic works.

Potential exceptions: Apply our five-letter rule (above) for prepositions except when a significant majority of current, reliable sources that are independent of the subject consistently capitalize, in the title of a specific work, a word that is frequently not a preposition, such as "Like" or "Past". Continue to lower-case common four-letter (or shorter) prepositions like "into" and "from".

Hyphenation: The general rule in English is to not capitalize after a hyphen unless what follows the hyphen is itself usually capitalized (e.g. post-Soviet). However, this rule is often ignored in titles of works. Follow the majority usage in independent, reliable sources for any given subject (e.g. The Out-of-Towners but The History of Middle-earth). If neither spelling is clearly dominant in sources, default to lowercase after a hyphen, per the general rule.

Subtitles: Not everything in parentheses (round brackets) is a subtitle. For titles with subtitles or parenthetical phrases, capitalize the first word of each element, even if it would not normally be capitalized, if the element is either: Do not capitalize a normally lower-cased word:
 * A clause that can stand alone as a title and is sometimes used that way, as a short name: "(Now and Then There's) A Fool Such as I"
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Capitalization in foreign-language titles varies, even over time within the same language. Retain the style of the original for modern works. For historical works, follow the dominant usage in modern, English-language, reliable sources. Examples: Non-English titles should be wrapped in the template with the proper ISO language code (the shortest available for the language or dialect in question), e.g.:. This is done inside surrounding quotation marks, for short/minor works. Since 2017, the template automatically italicizes foreign material in a Latin script, so for minor works no should be set to prevent the title from being italicized, e.g.:. This is because non-English proper names, including titles of minor works, should not be in italics. See the template documentation for complicated markup situations, such as use within a piped link.
 * Les Liaisons dangereuses (French; the English title is Dangerous Liaisons)
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Series, franchise, and fictional universe names:

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For works originally named in languages other than English, use WP:COMMONNAME to determine whether the original title or an English language version should be used as the article title. For works best known by their title in a language other than English, an English translation of that title may be helpful. If the work is also well known by an English title, give the English translation in parentheses following normal formatting for titles: Les Liaisons dangereuses (Dangerous Liaisons). Where the work is not known by an English title, give the translation in parentheses without special formatting in sentence case: Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen (Weeping, lamenting, worrying, fearing). In references, square brackets are used: Il Giornale dell'Architettura [The journal of architecture].

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Do not attempt (with HTML, Unicode, wikimarkup, inline images, or any other method) to emulate any purely typographic effects used in titles when giving the title in Wikipedia, though an article on a work may also include a note about how it is often styled, e.g. in marketing materials. When giving such a stylization, it is not italicized or placed in quotation marks as a title; this confuses readers, who are apt to think such markup is part of the stylization when it is not. For typographic effects that do not represent actual mathematical or scientific usage, it is preferable to use HTML or wiki markup, not Unicode equivalents, for superscript and subscript. When giving a stylization, do not attempt to mimic specific fonts, font size quirks, uneven letter placement, coloration, letters replaced with images, unusual upper- or lower-casing, or other visual marketing.
 * Right: Alien 3 (stylized as ALIEN3) is a 1992 American science-fiction horror film.
 * Wrong: ALIEN3 initially received mixed reviews from critics.

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Semantic markup and special characters in titles should be preserved when they convey meaning not just decoration, especially if omitting them would make the title difficult to understand or cause it to not copy-paste correctly. Examples: This should not be done for titles inside and  templates, however, as it will negatively affect COinS metadata output.
 * According to section 4.5.28, "The span element", in HTML 5.2: W3C Recommendation

Quotation marks simply used as a form of title stylization on a cover are removed. They are retained within a title when reliable sourcing demonstrates they indicate an actual quotation, or sarcasm, as in our article title for the song Are "Friends" Electric?. If the title is put into double quotation marks as a minor work, its interior quotation marks are rendered as single quotes: "Are 'Friends' Electric?". When giving a quoted title that begins or ends with an interior quotation mark, the templates and, respectively, can be used to kern the double and single quotation marks apart for better readability; this should not be done inside citation templates, just in running prose. Interior quotation marks in an italicized title go within the italics.

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 * A particular specially treated word within an otherwise plain title probably will need markup, however. In such a case, convert any such highlighting to plain wiki ... markup in a citation template, but markup when the title is mentioned in running text, if the intent was emphasis.  Italics used by convention to indicate a foreign expression, a legal case name, a movie title, a species scientific name, etc., are not emphasis and just take ... markup.
 * Titles of works that should be italicized receive this treatment inside another title. E.g., convert a newspaper title like "Ben Daniels Joins Cast of 'The Crown' for Season Three" to "Ben Daniels Joins Cast of The Crown for Season Three". This includes in a citation template as well as in running text.
 * Abbreviations in titles of works should be left as-is, and do not need any linking or markup; if the abbreviation is contextually important, it should be treated in the main article prose. Use of the  template in particular should not be done in citation templates, except in the quote parameter (which is free-form text and does not generate metadata).
 * Do not inject [sic] or the template  into a work title. If it seems important to use, do it after the title. Within a citation, it is better to use an HTML comment, e.g. The Compleat Gamester<!--Original period spelling.-->. Do not use the templated version of  inside citation template data at all, except in the quote parameter.

Abbreviation of long titles
When it is impractical to keep repeating a long title in the same article, it is permissible to use a source-attested abbreviation of it. This can be introduced in parentheses, with or without a parenthetical "hereafter", at an early occurrence in the page: "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)" (hereafter "ITEOTWAWKI"). Some other examples include OED for the Oxford English Dictionary, LotR for The Lord of the Rings, and STII:TWoK for Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. It is not necessary to use camel case, as in , unless most of the reliable sources prefer such a spelling. Such an abbreviation need not be mentioned in the lead section of the article unless the work is very commonly known by the abbreviation (e.g., GTA for the Grand Theft Auto video game series), or the lead is long and the abbreviation is needed in the lead.

A common convention in literary and film reviews is to use the first major word or two from the title (or subtitle, for franchise works) in the same manner, e.g. Roger Ebert gave Eternal Sunshine a rating of ...", for Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. Although this approach may be also used on Wikipedia, it can seem unencyclopedically colloquial if used for works that have short titles to begin with. It is common to shorten a reference to a work in a series to just its subtitle on second and later mention, or when the context already makes it clear what the overarching title is. However, avoid this usage if confusion could occur, as when the abbreviated form could refer to another element in the same franchise that is also mentioned in our article (Shannara adapts literary high fantasy ... would not work well at our article on The Shannara Chronicles, because "Shannara" appears in the titles of the books on which the TV series is based). Abbreviated forms should be retained as-is in direct quotations, and may be clarified if necessary with square-bracketed editorial insertions.

In all cases, such abbreviations follow the italic or quotation-marked style of the full title.

Titles or what could be taken for titles be trimmed, both in main text and in reference citations, to remove extraneous and reader-unhelpful injections. A common case is navigational website interface elements, such as breadcrumbs, hashtags, and keyword links appearing in front of or after the article title per se. Another frequent example is author, department/column, or publication names put inline with the title. Less often, a website (especially in an officially bilingual country like Canada) may include an English title and a translation in another language as a co-title. Another case is marking exclamations, e.g. "Exclusive:" or "Breaking:" at the start, though sometimes tacked on at the end ("... – Exclusive!"). Including these serves no encyclopedic or citation-verification purpose.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Sammi Cheng

Sammi Cheng Sau-man (born 19 August 1972) is a Hong Kong singer and actress. She is considered one of the most prominent female singers in Hong Kong, with album sales of over million copies throughout Asia. Most notably in the 1990s, she was dubbed by the media as the "Cantopop Queen". Having success in entertainment industry for over three decades, Cheng is also best known for her roles in Hong Kong rom-com films in the early 2000s that were box office hits. For her performance in the 2022 film Lost Love, she won 4 best actress honors including the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actress.

Since her debut, Cheng has won the IFPI Hong Kong Music Top Sales Awards for the Highest-selling Local Female Vocalist of the Year nine times. From 1993 to 2010, Cheng won a total of 12 Top Female Vocalist awards, 14 Best-selling Local Female Vocalist Awards and has 7 albums that are the Best-selling Cantonese Release of the Year. She had also previously won the Most Popular Hong Kong Female Artist Award in annual Top Ten Jade Solid Gold Awards Presentation for three times, and in a year winning also the Gold Song Gold Award, the highest-ranked award which is the last to be presented at the ceremony. She also received Honorary Lifetime Achievement Award for Female Singer in 2011 Metro Radio Hits Awards. She had also won many top honors in various Chinese music awards held in Asia, including the MTV Asia Award for Favorite Artist Hong Kong 3 times, in 2002, 2003 and 2004.

She has produced over 80 studio albums, 10 live concert albums, over 130 singles (songs) with also over 30 cover songs and had received numerous awards from acting to singing. She also starred in close to 40 films and 7 television dramas(in early years) and had held approximately 200 concerts up to date with over 12 concert tours. She is one of the female artists with most concert shows in Hong Kong Coliseum, at 102.

Early life
Sammi Cheng was previously named Twinnie Cheng. Contrary to popular belief, "Twiny" is not her birth name. The name came about when Sammi was still in school and her English Language teacher wanted everyone in class to have an English name. When Sammi turned to her sister for help, her sister came up with the name "Twiny". The name was later changed to "Sammi" as "Sammi" sounds a little like "Sau Man". Cheng received her education at SKH St. Peter's Primary School and Tang Shiu Kin Victoria Government Secondary School.

She has three sisters and one brother. Two of her sisters are twins.

Music
Sammi Cheng entered the entertainment industry at the age of 16 through the New Talent Singing Awards in 1988. Although she came in third in the competition, the sponsoring record company Capital Artists saw her potential and offered her a recording contract. Cheng at the time was still in school, and had to balance her studies with her rising singing career. Sammi released 3 full-length studio albums prior to leaving school: "Sammi", "Holiday" and "Never Too Late". One of her first major award was the 1990 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards, where she was recognized as a best new prospect.

She capitalized on the attention received from her duet with artist Andy Hui, "Do you really have me in your heart?" (其實你心裡有沒有我), winning the 1993 Jade Solid Gold Top 10 Awards with that song. Cheng then went through a transformation, dying her hair orange, changing her style. Her 4th studio album "Sammi's Happy Maze" (鄭秀文的快樂迷宮) was also released, which include the hit single "Chotto Matte" (Chotto 等等), meaning 'wait a moment' in Japanese. Her new image fitted well with the new single, which was a remake of a Japanese song by Maki Ohguro. The success helped Sammi and boosted her singing career. In 1994 she continued to capitalize on her wild, new image. Her first album of that year was "Big Revenge" (大報復). The album included the hit "Ding Dong" (叮噹), which became one of Sammi's signature songs. But with her new fame also came a lot of backlash from the media. Critics argued that Sammi purposely westernized her Cantonese. Instead of saying "Ding Dong", Sammi pronounced it as "Deen Dong". Despite the criticism, the song was one of the most popular dance songs of that year. In 1994 the racy and controversial cut of "Ten Commandments" (十誡) was banned from the radio for a few days after its initial airplay of the track including tiny bits of what can be recognized as pornography soundtrack. In 1995 Cheng disappeared from the public eye for nearly half a year. Later that year, it was revealed that Warner Music Group had signed her. She let her hair color return to black and temporarily abandoned the wild image she used to have.

In 1995 she released her first album "Missing you" (捨不得你). In 1996, the company decided it was time for Sammi to expand her market and fan base beyond Hong Kong. They released her first Mandarin album, "Worth It" (值得). The album was number one on the Taiwan IFPI chart for six consecutive weeks. She won a number of awards, most notably she was voted back-to-back as the most popular female artist by TVB from 1996 to 1997. She went on to win the top female award again in 2001. She would finish that year with her first concert titled "Sammi's X-Dimension Concert" (鄭秀文X空間演唱會). In 1998 she was also a featured star in a Heineken sponsored Music Horizons concert along with international singers such as Boyz II Men and Julian Lennon. By the time Cheng was 24 years old, she had already released four greatest hits albums.

In the 1990s, another female star, Faye Wong was one of her main rivals. When they were on stage together, they would be cold to one another. The rivalry was confirmed in the 1999 TVB music award night. Both Wong and Cheng were arranged to sit next to each other backstage. Cheng avoided Wong by repeatedly going off stage to fix her make-up. In addition, her fans were angry and hissed at Faye Wong when she went on stage to receive an award. Wong herself has insisted that the rivalry wasn't true, and that she was friendly toward Cheng.

In July 2004, she held 7 nights of "Sammi Vs Sammi" concerts in Hong Kong. She also broke the record as being the youngest female singer to hold more than 50 accumulated concert nights in the city.

From December 2014 to January 2015, she held 12 nights of 'Touch Mi' concerts in Hong Kong Coliseum. She also invited heavyweight stars to be the guests of her concerts, including Andy Lau, Jacky Cheung, Leon Lai, Ekin Cheng, Louis Koo, Nick Cheung and Eason Chan. Her 'Touch Mi' concert extends to World Tour in 2015 and 2016 with 4 shows at Genting (Malaysia), 3 shows at Macau (China), 3 shows at Singapore, 2 shows at Guangzhou (China), 1 show at Foshan (China), 1 show at Melbourne (Australia), 2 shows at Sydney (Australia), 1 show at Shenzhen (China), 1 show at London (United Kingdom). Her 'Touch Mi' World Tour concluded in Hong Kong with another 8 shows in September 2016, hence bringing her total number of shows for this world tour to 38. Some of her new guest stars in Touch Mi 2 Hong Kong shows are Dayo Wong, Dicky Cheung, Francis Ng and Alex To.

In 2017, she held a series of mini-concert tours entitled ''Naked. Sammi'' in Taiwan and China. Also, she held a private mini-concert in Macau, entitled Sammi Cheng VIP Music Private Enjoy Show. She held a single-show Sidetrack Birthday Gig concert at Macau on 19 August 2018 in conjunction of her 46th birthday as a treat to her fans. At the same year she collaborate for the first time with Taiwanese rock band 831, releasing her remake song "眉飛色舞Plus" (Eyebrow Dance Plus).

In conjunction with her 30th anniversary in the entertainment industry, her 10th concert world tour is organized, which began with 13 shows at Hong Kong's Coliseum in July 2019. This brought her total shows in Hong Kong's Coliseum exceeding 100-mark, at 102.

In conjunction with her 49th birthday in 2021, she held a single-show 'Listen to Mi Birthday Gig' concert at Hong Kong on 18 August 2021. For her 50th birthday, she held a Christmas-themed 'You Are Beautiful To Mi Christmas Party' event at Hong Kong in December 2022.

Acting
Cheng's acting career began with the TVB series A Life of His Own (浪族闊少爺) in 1991. A year later she began her film career with the movie Best of the Best (飛虎精英之人間有情) in 1992 with fellow Cantopop star Jacky Cheung. She would follow with another comedy film Feel 100% (百分百感覺) with Ekin Cheng and Gigi Leung.

In the late 1990s during the slump of the Hong Kong film industry, Cheng starred in the film Needing You... by director Johnnie To, co-starring Andy Lau and the movie Summer Holiday in 2000. The films were hits at the box office hit in all South East Asia regions, and Hong Kong has cumulated nearly HK$60 million at the box office. The Needing You... VCD received a sold out record of more than 200,000 copies. For this film, she was also nominated for the Best Actress as well as the Best Original Film Song at the 20th Hong Kong Film Awards. Following the success of those movies, she starred in Wu Yen, Love on a Diet, Marry a Rich Man, My Left Eye Sees Ghosts and many more. At the 62nd Venice International Film Festival, Cheng was one of the frontrunners for the Volpi Cup for Best Actress for the film Everlasting Regret. Other contenders for the award included Monica Bellucci, Gwyneth Paltrow, Lee Young-ae and Isabelle Huppert.

Cheng has been nominated for the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actress 10 times, in 2001 for her performance in Needing You..., triple nominations in 2002 for Fighting for Love, Wu yen and Love on a Diet, in 2006 for Everlasting Regret, in 2013 for Romancing in Thin Air, in 2014 for Blind Detective, double nominations in 2020 for Fagara and Fatal Visit, and in 2023 for Lost Love, becoming one of the most nominated leading actresses in the history of the Hong Kong Film Awards. She has also earned 3 nominations for Best Leading Actress at Taiwan's Golden Horse Awards, the most prestigious awards for Chinese-language films, for Needing You..., My Left Eye Sees Ghosts and Blind Detective. She also won the Golden Horse Award for Best Original Film Song for "DoReMi" (Romancing in Thin Air) in 2012. She was named Best Actress by the Hong Kong Film Critics Society in 2002 for her titular role in Wu yen.

For her contribution to the Hong Kong film industry and having starred in over 30 films, Cheng received the Excellence in Asian Cinema Award at the 11th Asian Film Awards in 2017. For her critically acclaimed performance in Lost Love, she won four Best Actress honors in 2023 from the Hong Kong Film Critics Society, the Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild, the Hong Kong Online Critics' Choice Awards and the 41st Hong Kong Film Awards.

Advertisements
Cheng changes her look and image for every album, which enables her to gain extensive attention and appreciation from the music professional and the public. Sammi is a trendsetter of hair-coloring and has been chosen to be one of the Top Ten fashionable celebrities in Hong Kong. She has been signed and endorsed by many companies. These endorsements include SK-II skin care and Mona Lisa bridal service. Her first album with Warner Music Group, "Can't Give You Up" (捨不得你) released 3 hit singles, "Gentlemen, you are so fine today" (男仕今天你很好), "Can't Give You Up" (捨不得你) and "The Mourning Song for Love" (愛的輓歌). She was selected as the prominent celebrity for the endorsement of Panasonic using "Can't Give You Up" (捨不得你) as the theme song.

In the many years of her active presence in entertainment industry, she had been involved in multiple advertisements for various brands ranging from sports shoes, watches, clothing, massager, skin-care products, magazine covers, etc.

Break (2005–2007)
In 2005, Cheng had only one feature film release and no music projects. She became a representative for Veeko and Titus, a fashion and watch brand in Hong Kong, respectively. She also began writing Saturday columns for Mingpao magazine. In 2006, she released another greatest hits album, but there were no new tracks. The break was taken to recoup her energy from the entertainment industry.

During a break lasting more than a 1,000 days. She reflected upon her life, and became an evangelical Christian and was baptized in 2007.

Show Mi Tour
After taking a break for about 2 years, she re-invented herself again, and held her 6th concert in HK from 18 to 25 May 2007 titled "Show Mi" (Mi being the nickname of SamMI given by her fans). Due to the huge demand for tickets, the four performances was expanded to eight. She returned to entertain at the age of 34, and invited fellow star Andy Lau and Denise Ho to perform with her. At the end of the first show, audience members continued to shout 'encore' for 15 minutes until Sammi came back out and sang "Our Theme Song" (我們的主題曲). The concert was expanded to the Show Mi Tour.

She then continues actively in Hong Kong entertainment industry after about two years of rest, marking a strong comeback with many more concerts held at Hong Kong, Macau, mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Canada, United States, Australia, etc. She also continued to work in films and had starred in various commercial advertisements.

Community work
In 2003 Cheng performed at the 1:99 Concert to raise funds for SARS affected families. She had participated in the 2008 Chinese winter storm support effort where many artists including Andy Lau, Alan Tam, Kelly Chen, etc. recorded a song called "Warmth in the Snow" in support of those effected by the storm. She was also a participant of the Artistes 512 Fund Raising Campaign. In April 2008, she participated in the activities of World Vision. She traveled to Laos with fellow singer Gigi Leung, also a World Vision volunteer, to experience for themselves the struggles of the local people and children. They also visited the local children there to find out more on their situation where food and supplies are lacking. When Sammi returned to Hong Kong, she and Leung were invited to a radio program 903 to talk about the experience; she responded by announcing she had "adopted" 24 children.

Discography

 * Cantonese studio albums
 * Sammi (1990)
 * Holiday (1991)
 * Never Too Late (1992)
 * Happy Maze (1993)
 * Ten Commandments (1994)
 * Lost Memory (1994)
 * After (1995)
 * Can't Let You Go (1995)
 * Missing You (1996)
 * Passion (1996)
 * Our Theme Song (1997)
 * Living Language (1997)
 * Feel So Good (1998)
 * Listen to Sammi (1999)
 * Love You So Much (1999)
 * Ladies First (2000)
 * Love Is ... (2000)
 * Shocking Pink (2001)
 * Tender (2001)
 * Becoming Sammi (2002)
 * Wonder Woman (2002)
 * La La La (2004)
 * Sammi vs. Sammi (2004)
 * Faith (2009)
 * Love is Love (2013)
 * Fabulous (2016)
 * Believe in Mi (2018)
 * Listen To Mi (2021)

 * Mandarin studio albums
 * Worth It (1996)
 * Waiting for You (1997)
 * I Deserve (1999)
 * To Love (2000)
 * Complete (2001)
 * Letting Go (2002)
 * Beautiful Misunderstanding (2003)
 * Faith (2010)
 * Nude (2017)

Concerts

 * X Live '96 (1996)
 * Star Show (1997–1998)
 * i Concert '99 (1999–2000)
 * Shocking Colours Live (2001–2002)
 * Sammi vs. Sammi (2004)
 * Show Mi World Tour (2007–2008)
 * Love Mi World Tour (2009–2011)
 * Touch Mi World Tour (2014–2016)
 * FOLLOWMi World Tour (2019)
 * You & Mi World Tour (2024)

title: Sammi Cheng


text:
Shelter

A shelter is an architectural structure or natural formation providing protection from the environment

Shelter may also refer to:

Places

 * Port Shelter, Hong Kong
 * Shelter Bay (disambiguation), various locations
 * Shelter Cove (disambiguation), various locations
 * Shelter Island (disambiguation), various locations
 * Shelter Point, in Blue Whale Harbour, South Georgia Island

Films

 * Shelter (1937, 1955, 1979), Encyclopædia Britannica education shorts - see List of Encyclopædia Britannica Films titles
 * Shelter, a 1998 film starring John Allen Nelson
 * Shelter (2007 film), by Jonah Markowitz
 * Shelter (2010 film), directed by Måns Mårlind and Björn Stein
 * Shelter (2012 film), directed by Adam Caudill and Wrion Bowling
 * Shelter (2014 film), written and directed by Paul Bettany
 * Shelter, a 2016 short film produced by A-1 Pictures
 * Shelter, a 2017 film produced by Eran Riklis

Television

 * Harlan Coben's Shelter, a 2023 television series adaptation of Harlan Coben's novel
 * "The Shelter" (The Twilight Zone), an episode of the television series

Literature

 * Shelter, a 1941 novel by Marguerite Steen
 * Shelter, a 1999 novel by Chaz Brenchley
 * Shelter, a 2007 novel by Susan Palwick
 * Shelter (novel), a 2011 novel by Harlan Coben

Groups and labels

 * Shelter (band), an American Krishnacore band (1991–2018)
 * Shelter Records, an American record label (1969–1981)

Albums

 * Shelter (Lone Justice album), 1986
 * Shelter (Brand New Heavies album), 1997
 * Shelter (Alcest album), 2014
 * Shelter (Olivia Chaney album), 2018
 * Shelter (soundtrack), a 2008 album from the eponymous 2007 movie
 * Shelter, a 2003 album by Rasa
 * Shelter, a 2013 album by Ghost Mice and Ramshackle Glory

Songs

 * "Shelter" (The xx song), 2011
 * "Shelter" (Porter Robinson and Madeon song), 2016
 * "Shelter" (Finneas song), 2019
 * "Shelter", a song from Sounding a Mosaic by Bedouin Soundclash
 * "Shelter", a song from Undeceived by Extol
 * "Shelter", a song from Strange in Stereo by In the Woods...
 * "Shelter", a song from The Shelter by Jars of Clay
 * "Shelter", a song from The Eye of Every Storm by Neurosis
 * "Shelter", a song from Trouble by Ray LaMontagne
 * "Shelter", a song from You Are Here by thenewno2

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

 * Shelter (video game), a 2013 video game

Other uses

 * Shelter (automobile), a Dutch experimental city car of the 1950s
 * Shelter (charity), a UK charitable organisation
 * USS Shelter (AM-301), an American minesweeper

title: Shelter