text:
Cruas

Cruas (Cruàs) is a commune near the river Rhône in the Ardèche department in southern France.

The village has a Romanesque abbey with a crypt.

Sights and monuments
Cruas has two notable monuments historiques
 * Abbatiale Sainte-Marie: church dating from the 11th and 12th centuries, listed since 1862 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
 * Château des Moines and its old village, a ruined 12 century to 15th century castle, listed since 1912.

title: Cruas


text:
Amiga 4000

The Amiga 4000, or A4000, from Commodore is the successor of the Amiga 2000 and Amiga 3000 computers. There are two models: the A4000/040 released in October 1992 with a Motorola 68040 CPU, and the A4000/030 released in April 1993 with a Motorola 68EC030.

The Amiga 4000 system design was generally similar to that of the A3000, but introduced the Advanced Graphics Architecture (AGA) chipset with enhanced graphics. The SCSI system from previous Amigas was replaced by the lower-cost Parallel ATA.

The original A4000 is housed in a beige horizontal desktop box with a separate keyboard. Later, Commodore released an expanded tower version called the A4000T.

The machine is reported to have sold 11,300 units in Germany.

Processor and RAM
The stock A4000 shipped with either a Motorola 68EC030 or 68040 CPU, 2 MB of Amiga Chip RAM and up to 16 MB of additional RAM in 32-bit SIMMs. There is a non-functional jumper that was intended to expand the "chip RAM" to 8MB. Later, third-party developers created various CPU expansion boards featuring higher-rated 68040, 68060 and PowerPC CPUs. Such hardware also typically offers faster and higher-capacity RAM (128 MB or greater).

A4000-CR version
Unlike previous Amiga models, early A4000 machines have the CPU mounted in an expansion board; the motherboard does not have an integrated CPU. Later revisions of the A4000 have the CPU and 2 MB RAM surface-mounted on the motherboard in an effort to reduce costs. These machines are known as the A4000-CR (cost-reduced) and the surface-mounted CPU is a 68EC030. The cost-reduced models also make use of a non-rechargeable lithium battery for real-time clock battery backup rather than a rechargeable NiCad battery. The NiCad backup battery is one of the most common causes of problems in an aging device that uses one because it has a tendency to eventually leak. The released fluids are somewhat corrosive and can eventually damage the circuitry.

Graphics and sound
The A4000 is the first Amiga model to have shipped with Commodore's third-generation Amiga chipset, the 32-bit Advanced Graphics Architecture (AGA). As the name implies, AGA introduces improved graphical abilities, specifically, a palette expanded from 12-bit color depth (4,096 colors) to 24-bit (16.8 million colors) and new 64, 128, 256 and 262,144 (HAM-8) color modes. Unlike earlier Amiga chipsets, all color modes are available at all display resolutions. AGA also improves sprite capacity and graphics performance. The on-board sound hardware remains identical to that of the original Amiga chipset (the Paula sound chip), namely, four DMA-driven 8-bit PCM channels, with two channels for the left speaker and two for the right.

Peripherals and expansion
The A4000 has a number of Amiga-specific connectors, including two DE-9 ports for joysticks, mice, and light pens, a standard 25-pin RS-232 serial port and a 25-pin Centronics parallel port. As a result, at launch the A4000 was compatible with many existing Amiga peripherals, such as MIDI devices, serial modems and sound samplers.

Like the just-earlier Amiga model, the 3000, the A4000 has four internal 32-bit Zorro III expansion slots. This expansion bus allows the use of devices which comply with the AutoConfig standard, such as graphic cards, audio cards, network cards, SCSI controllers, and later even USB controllers. One of the most notable hardware items of the era is the NewTek Video Toaster system which became popular in the 1990s for amateur and commercial desktop video production of standard-definition broadcast quality video, consisting of tools for video switching, chroma keying, character generation, animation, and image manipulation.

The three ISA slots can be activated by use of a bridgeboard, which connects the Zorro and ISA buses. Such bridgeboards typically feature on-board IBM-PC-compatible hardware, including Intel 80286, 80386, or 80486 microprocessors allowing emulation of an entire IBM-PC system in hardware. Compatible ISA cards may then be installed into the two remaining ISA slots.

Later, in an effort to offer modern expansion options third-party developers created replacement expansion boards for the A4000 which provide PCI slots allowing use of higher performance and widely available PCI hardware, such as graphic, sound, and network cards.

Operating system
The A4000 shipped with AmigaOS 3.0, consisting of Workbench 3.0 and Kickstart 3.0, which together provide a single-user multi-tasking operating system and support for the built-in hardware. Following release of AmigaOS 3.1 it became possible to upgrade the A4000 by installing compatible Kickstart 3.1 ROM chips. The later AmigaOS 3.5 and 3.9 releases were software-only updates requiring Kickstart 3.1.

AmigaOS 4, a PowerPC-native release of the operating system, can be used with the A4000 provided a CyberStorm PPC board is installed. Likewise, MorphOS, an alternative Amiga-compatible operating system, can be used with this hardware.

Variants of platform-independent operating systems, such as Linux and BSD, can also be used with the A4000.

Notable uses
Digital Domain used an Amiga 4000 for motion control effects in films such as True Lies, Apollo 13, and Titanic.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Amiga 4000


text:
Talk:1930 FIFA World Cup

Untitled
Strictly speaking, this wasn't the first World Cup. It was the first FIFA World Cup. Sir Thomas Lipton organised an international tournament, in the early 1900's which was also dubbed the The Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy or "The Lipton Crown of Italy World Cup" (websites differ on the name), so I'm not sure whether the words "World Cup" were used contemporaneously.

See: http://www.fortunecity.com/meltingpot/congress/9/worldcup.htm http://www.west-auckland.wear-valley-web.co.uk/history/WorldCup.htm http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lipton-trophy.html

 * Mintguy 21:52 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Thomas Lipton Cup couldn't be First World Cup in modern terms as it was club competition.

AlexCzech 11:51, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Strictly speaking that was very euro-centric...The Lipton Trophy was played between club on 1909, the Torneo Internazionale Stampa Sportiva was played on 1908 also by clubs...but the Copa Lipton (yes, the same name) was played on South America from 1905 to 1992 between Argentina and Uruguay, so, national teams! They also play the Newton Cup from 1906...and to clubs, the first international competition was the Tie Cup, played from 1900 with clubs from both sides of the Río de la Plata...181.29.116.218 (talk) 19:20, 25 June 2018 (UTC)

Requested move
Football World Cup 1930 → 1930 FIFA World Cup – following the consensus of naming the World Cup articles as FIFA World Cup in Wikipedia, and consistency of naming the major international football tournaments.

Discuss here: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Football/Competitions. --Pkchan 10:44, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Moved per requested move. --Pkchan 12:57, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Full table
What is the point of this section? It was a knockout tournament! I'll remove unless anyone has a good reason to keep it. Guinnog 07:17, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Removing, also for 1934. Guinnog 06:51, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Removing again. Please justify why this should be here, rather than reverting it again Guinnog 17:49, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

The rankings were used by FIFA to determine seeds in recent years. The tables from 1978 to present are valid and for consistency we can include the ones from 1930-1974 as well. For that matter FIFA has ranked the early tournaments anyway and a document with those rankings can be found here http://fifaworldcup.yahoo.com/releases/en/fwc_origin_en.pdf Libro0 17:08, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

The best reason I can think of is the fact that they are now official. It would be a good addition to the articles. In fact I am not sure why they aren't included. Libro0 (talk) 02:37, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

Third-place match
Strange, the Spanish wikipedia claims that the third-place match was planned but that Yugoslavia refused to play in protest against partial refereeing in their semifinal. Can anyone confirm or disprove this? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 81.244.139.218 (talk • contribs).

 * I did this search and I can't find any evidence of such a claim.  Perhaps we could ask over there what the evidence is for the assertion?  If true, this is an interesting fact. --Deville (Talk) 22:50, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I asked on the talk page of the Spanish article to see if anyone had a source for this. If anyone answers me over there, we can add it here. --Deville (Talk) 23:01, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

 * On the Spanish wikipedia they cite an article in Spanish saying that there was no third place game but, the US earned third by goal diffential --Coasttocoast 23:39, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The Yugoslav national news article claiming a medal in their possesion indicates third-place is actually a first place (1er) medal. How would that be refuted in a Wikipedia article? Also, are the metallurgic composition of the medals from this event known?

http://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politika.rs%2Frubrike%2FSport%2Fsportske-price%2FMedalja-iz-doma-Hadzijevih-svedochi-da-smo-bili-treci-na-Mundijalu.sr.html&sl=auto&tl=en --Fixblor 9:58, 11 June 2010 (UTC)

Here's the proof - a 3rd place cup in their hands: http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Reportaza/172669/Kada-su-fudbaleri-primili-prve-plate Also, form reliable resources, the 2nd goal for Urugai (when result was 1:1) in semifinal was scored after policeman returned the ball into the game from goal-out :)! Same source sais there was NO 3rd place match - Yugoslavia (Serbian players only) was 3rd by agreement because Uruguay took the 1st place. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.2.112.62 (talk) 20:21, 27 February 2011 (UTC)

Disputed goal totals
For the Chile-Mexico game on 16 July, FIFA says the first two goals were scored by Subiabre for Chile. RSSSF says they were scored by Vidal and an own goal by Rosas of Mexico. Which is it? \ Fnarf999 \ talk \ contribs \ 00:35, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I would always go with FIFA; it's their tournament. --Guinnog 00:37, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Likewise in the Argentina-Chile game of 22 July, FIFA says the Chile goal was scored by Subiabre, while RSSSF says Arellano. There appear to be a LOT of these inconsistencies in the Wikipedia data; it makes sorting out who's who and what's what very difficult if not impossible. RSSSF is considered by some to be authoritative. What's Wikipolicy here? \ Fnarf999 \ talk \ contribs \ 00:43, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

And again: Romania-Peru, 14 July: FIFA says the first goal was scored by Desu, RSSSF says Stanciu. \ Fnarf999 \ talk \ contribs \ 01:13, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * That would be WP:V, and I'd find it hard to trump FIFA as the policy says: "...refer only to facts, assertions, theories, ideas, claims, opinions, and arguments that have already been published by reputable publishers", and they are surely reputable publishers and fact-checkers of their own tournament. Interesting discrepancy though, as you say. --Guinnog 00:55, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

I understand that, but RSSSF isn't just some dude with a website; it's pretty serious. And these are dramatic differences. Whether or not FIFA is a reliable fact-checker of 1930 events is open to SOME question. I'd like someone with knowledge of this situation to weigh in before just changing it all wholesale.\ Fnarf999 \ talk \ contribs \ 01:13, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Another one: was the second USA goal on 17 July an own goal by González of Paraguay (RSSSF) or a regular goal by Tom Florie (FIFA), or a goal by Bert Patenaude (widely believed but disproven)? \ Fnarf999 \ talk \ contribs \ 01:13, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

OK, I found this, from FIFA World Cup goalscorers: "In earlier tournaments, FIFA match reports are known to be inaccurate, so Cris Freddi's book Complete Book of the World Cup 2006 is used as the most authentic known publication." Hmm.\ Fnarf999 \ talk \ contribs \ 01:13, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * That's very interesting and surprising. Hmmm indeed. --Guinnog 01:10, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Well, I'm not going to make any changes until I read Freddi's book. I assume that the figures for RSSSF, Freddi, and Wikipedia are in agreement, though with the number of errors I'm finding, I wonder. \ Fnarf999 \ talk \ contribs \ 01:13, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Oh dear. That page ( FIFA World Cup goalscorers) and presumably that book credits Bert Patenaude with 4 goals, presumably counting the hat trick whereas FIFA and RSSSF don't. So yet more discrepencies. Jooler 12:36, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Oh, I hadn't noticed that. I AM noticing that WHOEVER is right, the Wiki pages are LOADED with internal inconsistencies -- even knowing very little in the way of verifiable concrete facts about the 1930 Cup, I know that what we have here is a stinky stew, with multiple pages disagreeing with each other.

The more I read about RSSSF, the more I'm inclined to just take them for it, as they HAVE done the research. However, their authoritativeness is undermined by some egregious misspellings of players' names, which is another area where Wikipedia is in a dire condition. RSSSF's official statistics report for 1930, at www.rsssf.com/tables/30full.html, lists "Prequinho", "Scopello" and "Sousa" in the Scorer's List, despite spelling them correctly (Preguinho, Scopelli, Souza or Souza-Ferriera) in the game summaries.

Names are a big issue with me -- it is VERY DIFFICULT to tell players apart when they are customarily referred to in four or five different ways, as is common with Brazilian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Mexican players especially. The non-Latin-character-set players can be problematic as well. There are also players with similar but different names who in some places are receiving credit for each other's goals and stuff. I've also noticed that MANY redlinked players actually DO have pages, just under another version of their name. Man, this needs some serious effort to clean up.

I can't believe that the most popular game in the world has its most basic facts in doubt -- in baseball, by contrast, the most mundane statistical details of players from the 1870s are minutely recorded. Well, I guess you could call it an opportunity.... \ Fnarf999 \ talk \ contribs \ 18:19, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, here's what I did: I changed ALL the goals to the FIFA officially-reported goals. This is in accordance with WP:V, which states among other things that the goal is not truth but verifiability. To seriously do the research to figure out what the truth is would be original research and thus not allowed here. FIFA is the official source even if they are wrong. As verification I have inserted a Report link to EACH match, which is the official FIFA report for that match -- not trivia, not some journalist's article, not an unverified web page, but the real deal according to the people who run the game.

 * However, to cover the bases, I have added ref tags, with notes below indicating exactly which goals are disputed, and to whom RSSSF credits them. I did this for goals where RSSSF reports a different time as well. The RSSSF report is linked in the External Links section, so these corrections, whether true or otherwise, can be verified.

 * I then corrected the Scorers Table to reflect the FIFA results. The entire page now reflects BOTH the FIFA official reports AND the RSSSF disagreements. Wikipedia is not the place to hash out the truth; it is an encyclopedia, and thus gives the references. I might be more amenable to using the RSSSF figures instead IF I could find anywhere a detailed description and justification for why they think the FIFA reports are wrong. For Wikipedia to say, as it does in the goalscorers article, that "everyone knows the official reports are wrong" requires at a minimum a serious citation for why this is so. None is presented here or there. \ Fnarf999 \ talk \ contribs \ 00:59, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Group denominations
Groups in the 1930 and subsequent world cups were not called "A", "B", "C", "D"; they were called by ordinal or roman numbers, as in "Groups 1-4" or "I-IV", or "First-Fourth", as far as I know. Letters were used for the first time in 1974, when the first round groups were called "1-4" and the second round groups "A" and "B". According to Oceano's "Enciclopedia Mundial del Futbol", Vol. 1, "El Libro del Mundial" by Eduardo Arias (ISBN 958-02-0853-0), and the fifaworldcup.com site's "Previous world cups" section (under "Results"), this is how the gropus were called in the world cups:

This is an often ignored detail and it might be very trivial, but I think it would be worth it to make the change to help achieve greater accuracy. - ChaChaFut 00:20, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

World Cup Referees
Has anyone got any information on the World Cup referees for the first tournament? Am looking to fill in some biographical details and enter some category. Please check my Jean Langenus entry for ideas. One of the people I am most interested in finding out about is Thomas Balway. Further information on him would be most appreciated.

Subheaders
I reverted an edit that pit an "Awards" subheading as I think it is excessive to create an extra subheading just for a box with a flag in it. Oldelpaso 17:13, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

The WP:GA review of 1930 FIFA World Cup on hold
Please address the one issue below and let me know...

 * 1) Fair use rationale needs to be added to Image:1930 Football World Cup poster.jpg

Jazznutuva 08:46, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Snowing in Montevideo
Laurent's memories are fuzzy when he affirms that it was snowing in the match France v Mexico. It never snows in Montevideo. I added a phrase that pointed this out, but it was removed. I think it should be stated that, even though Laurent did say that, it wasn't like that. I'm not sure which is the best way to point this out, though. Opinions? Ipsumesse (talk) 12:26, 23 May 2008 (UTC)
 * It can snow in Montevideo, albeit rarely. Laurent is the only source we have. Perhaps it was hail not snow or something, but the quote is clearly attributed to Laurent. The only way to get further verifiable information would be to look in archives of contemporary Uruguayan newspapers. At a pinch, a footnote could be used. Oldelpaso (talk) 08:48, 24 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I also guess that it might have been just some kind of hail. I just think we should point out that Laurent's statement is not probable, maybe as you suggest, in a footnote indicating this inconsistency. I'll see if I can check out if there was any snowing in Montevideo in the '30s. In the while, what do we do? A footnote? Ipsumesse (talk) 13:10, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

Origin of US Team
"The US team, which contained one ex-professional of British origin,[14] and some international migrants along with mostly natural-born players, were reputedly dubbed "the shot-putters" by an unnamed source in the French contingent"

Can we delete those sentences? The make up of no other team is discussed, and it seems rather silly to comment on the US team as if it was anything special. I don't think this is the proper article for that. Farkeld (talk) 10:01, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

I concur with this. if you look at the pages for the individual players, 10 were born in the US, 5 in Scotland, and 1 in the UK. Of the foreign-born players only 3 played overseas--and one of those did so after starting his career in the US. Also, almost all of the foreign born players came over to the US as youth. Glanville is not known for his neutrality. At the least, replacing "migrants" with "immigrants" would be preferable and more neutral.Kgilbert78 (talk) 16:02, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

Third/Fourth place
A few years ago, FIFA seem to have decided that the USA finished third and Yugoslavia fourth. Does anyone have the details of when and why this was done? first remember it in this press release for the 2006 World Cup giving full rankings for all previous World Cups. Was it just somebody updating the website who decided to fit a square peg into a round hole, or was there an official announcement, as there have been when, say, goals are reassigned or squad players awarded medals? It's not good enough for this and other articles simply to cite FIFA saying that USA were third and Yugoslavia fourth; an explanation for the discrepancy is required. jnestorius(talk) 10:29, 11 October 2009 (UTC)

 * To part-answer my own question, the technical committee's reports have included full rankings since 1986: Mexico report, part 6 PDF p.230, shows Yugoslavia in 4th place. So the 2005 press release was not an innovation. But I'm still not happy:

There is no point in speculating about how much thought went into FIFA's decision to escalate this one factoid from a statistical footnote to the general website. Since it has their imprimatur, Wikipedia must abide. However, there is nothing to prevent us putting a footnote against references to this 3rd-4th statistic at the relevant mentions on Wikipedia, to explain the anomaly. jnestorius(talk) 12:23, 11 October 2009 (UTC)
 * 1) I doubt that the 1930 rankings were assigned in 1930 or any time soon after. The first technical report was for the 1966 World Cup, and none up to 1982include retrospective rankings.
 * 2) As late as 2002, the Yugoslavia result was still given as "semi final" rather than "4th place" in FIFA's website.
 * 3) *USA: Semi-final 1930 FIFA World Cup Uruguay cf
 * 4) *CRO: 3rd, 1998 FIFA World Cup France
 * 5) *BEL: 4th 1986 FIFA World Cup Mexico
 * 6) The 3-4 distinction in 1930 seems to be qualitatively the same as ranking losing quarter-finalists 5-6-7-8. Unless we are to give, say, Ireland's best result as "8th" rather than "Quarter-Final", it seems inconsistent to give Yugoslavia 4th rather than Semi-Final.

Comments for FAC
Hi Oldelpaso, I thought it better to leave some comments here rather than clutter up the main FAC. Hope they help:
 * I would prefer "1930 FIFA World Cup was the first FIFA World Cup" be reworded so we don't repeat FIFA World Cup if possible, or if we do, separate it a little further, e.g. "1930 FIFA World Cup was the inaugural edition of the world championship ... – the FIFA World Cup." or similar.
 * I would also expand and use association football in the first instance, so we don't terribly confuse the rest of our "footballing" buddies. Thereafter football is fine on its own.
 * "chose Uruguay" - perhaps "selected Uruguay as the host nation"?
 * "who beat Mexico" - would prefer "defeated", but that's personal.
 * You have "3 confederations" in the infobox but this isn't expanded upon in the article. I think they should be identified.
 * I have removed this from the infobox since it is a misnomer. Neither CONCACAF nor its predecessors existed in 1930.

 * ": 1920–1928" - why not just prose it : "from 1920 to 1928".
 * Don't we normally capitalised The for The Football Association?
 * No need to relink FA in the participants section.
 * "the sea trip" "the trip by sea"?
 * "This is the same vessel ..." which vessel? You haven't mentioned one, just that they embarked at Barcelona...  OH, I get it.  Same ship picked them up... perhaps not clear enough?
 * Restated "Conte Verde" to avoid confusion.

 * "This is the same vessel which carried..." You could just say "The same vessel carried..."?
 * "plus Thomas Balway" "along with Thomas..."?
 * Is Balway's wife's death strictly relevant here?
 * Perhaps Summary should be "Tournament summary"?
 * "on July 13" previously, your date format was DD MM YYYY, this appears to be reversed?
 * Be consistent with relinking the teams. You relinked the USA and Mexico but not France and Belgium...
 * Laurent's quote here has a hyphen where it should be a spaced en dash or unspaced em dash (i think!)
 * "The US team" - can we stick with USA as this appears (so far) to be the only time you drop the A.
 * Can you check our MOS for how to space ellipses? The caption for the ball images has two of them, I'm not sure if they need a space before/after them...
 * Two single-sentence paras in the Final section isn't great for me.
 * July 30 - date consistency again?
 * "disagreement ... disagreed" - repetitive prose, maybe you could "failed to agree" the second time round?
 * I think the links to the main articles need en-dashes as well, even if this does mean creating some redirects.
 * What sources the attendances in the results section? Mainly concerned over that 300 vs 2,500odd one.
 * Why do the scorelines have spaces between the goals and the en-dash? Isn't that contrary to MOS?
 * Second semi final has attendance of 93,000 while final has 80,000 - this conflicts with the prose?
 * MOSFLAG for using flags without country names in the scorers list.
 * This is one of those where I never know what the correct approach is. Isn't there a clause about sports statistics being an exception? I've tried changing the flagicon templates to flag templates.

 * Note 1 has spare.
 * Don't mix date formats in the references. All human-readable or all ISO.
 * Ref 10 - we have an archiveurl field in the cite web for this kind of thing, as you used in ref 11?
 * Ref 15 could use a space after the language parameter.
 * Ref 33 and Ref 35 use RSSSF differently.
 * Ref 36 the page number isn't p. x (it's px) unlike other page refs here.
 * Ref 48 could use an en-dash.
 * Ext links - first one needs an endash, second one is odd (that note about different goals) - does it make it a good source to link to really? Third one could use a spaced en-dash.
 * On reflection, the latter two might as well be removed.

Hope these help. The Rambling Man (talk) 16:02, 4 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks. This is just a flying visit – I'm about to be rendered offline until Sunday. Hopefully I'll be able to work on it then. Oldelpaso (talk) 17:14, 4 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Done apart from the attendances. which I'll have to think about. The attendances in the results list are from the FIFA page linked in each one. However, in the prose the attendance for the final also uses a FIFA source, so FIFA aren't consistent themselves. Most books use 93,000 for the final. Oldelpaso (talk) 15:39, 6 December 2009 (UTC)
 * That's fine but your summary of the final says 80,000 but 93,000 in the prose, while the semi-final says 93,000 in the summary.... am I getting something wrong here?! The Rambling Man (talk) 15:47, 6 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Standard practice in football competition articles when using the footballbox template is to use spaces between the en dashes, as is shown in the template's documentation. cassius1213 19:00, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

Where does the "Final Ranking" come from?
For example, why is Chile ranked above Brazil? Chile had more points from the group stage, but also played one extra game. Is this from some official FIFA source? Grover cleveland (talk) 17:09, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

Yugoslav participants
Perhaps mentioning that Yugoslavia squad consisted only of Serbian players could be a useful addition to the Participants section. Prior to the World Cup Yugoslav national championships between 1926 and 1930 were all won by clubs from Croatia (Građanski Zagreb, Hajduk Split and Concordia Zagreb) and players from those clubs were regularly included in Yugoslavia squads for the 1924 and 1928 Olympics as well as various international friendlies. However, due to political circumstances at the time of the January 6th Dictatorship (which lasted between 1929 and 1934), the Football Association of Yugoslavia moved its headquarters from Zagreb (where it had been originally founded in 1919) in Croatia to Yugoslavia's capital Belgrade in Serbia in May 1930, two months before the 1930 World Cup. In protest, Croatian clubs decided to boycott the national team and in response the Belgrade-based football federation sent a team which consisted of players from Serbian clubs (mostly based in or near Belgrade) plus three Serbian players who played in France. Therefore their win against Brazil was seen as a remarkable achievement at home as many players who had made the World Cup squad were seen as second string players. On the other hand, despite the fact that Croatian clubs had dominated Yugoslav football in the late 1920s, not a single Croat had appeared in the 1930 World Cup (and neither did the Slovenian Maksimilijan Mihelčić who was at the time the Yugoslav national team's first choice goalkeeper). If others agree with including something about this in the article, I could look up references to back this up. '' Timbouctou (talk) 03:46, 11 July 2010 (UTC)

Name "World Cup"
Am I right to think the tournament was not officially called the "World Cup" at the time, but rather the "World Championship"? It's common to use the name of a trophy as a metonym for the competition, but I think the official naming history is something like this:

The posters and logos of tournaments are as follows:

Of course I'm not suggesting the article should be moved to "1930 World football championship" or the like, but if the former official name was something other than "World Cup" then it ought to be given in the lede. jnestorius(talk) 16:23, 11 July 2010 (UTC)

Nop jnestorius, you can see the medals "Coupe du Monde" https://media.elobservador.com.uy/adjuntos/181/imagenes/007/478/0007478052.jpg Also in all argentine newspapers of that time are called Copa del Mundo or Mundial181.29.116.218 (talk) 21:13, 25 June 2018 (UTC)

Pull out quote by Lucien Laurent
WOuld it make sense to state in the attribute what country Laurent is from? I don't know who he is and had to look him up to see why he would be quoted there. COuld something like this be added "member of the French team" or was he the by chance the Captain and we could say, "Captain of French team"?Rhodesisland (talk) 23:24, 31 August 2010 (UTC)

Map of USA should not include Alaska
Alaska didn't become a state until 1959. Grover cleveland (talk) 06:49, 8 December 2010 (UTC)

 * True, but it was indeed part of the USA, just it was a territory. Alaskans were citizens, and would have been eligible for the national team, if there were any good enough. But I doubt there were many soccer players in Alaska then. Wschart (talk) 16:20, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.fourfourtwo.premiumtv.co.uk/page/BigRead/0,,11442~1034860,00.html
 * In Football at the 1924 Summer Olympics on 2011-03-19 09:19:42, 404 Not Found
 * In 1930 FIFA World Cup on 2011-05-25 03:01:09, 404 Not Found
 * In 1930 FIFA World Cup on 2011-06-02 03:48:35, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:48, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 2
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/refereeing/news/newsid=71490.html
 * In 1930 FIFA World Cup on 2011-05-25 03:00:56, 404 Not Found
 * In 1930 FIFA World Cup on 2011-06-02 03:48:44, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:49, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 3
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://home.skysports.com/worldcup/historyarticle.aspx?hlid=373666
 * In 1930 FIFA World Cup on 2011-05-25 03:00:57, 403 Forbidden
 * In 1930 FIFA World Cup on 2011-06-02 03:48:56, 403 Forbidden

--JeffGBot (talk) 03:49, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

general knoewledge
in which place did the first worldcup played? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 113.199.162.163 (talk) 13:49, 16 February 2013 (UTC)

Third / Fourth place
There have been a few edits recently about the third/fourth place issue, putting Yugoslavia third. This is a murky area, but all the points of view are explained and attributed in the Third and fourth place section. If changes are to occur anywhere, it should be in that section that it is done. In terms of the actual third and fourth positions in the infobox etc, if we are to separate the USA and Yugoslavia, it is FIFA's tournament, so it is their ranking that we use.

There is also a slow burning edit was as to the exact flag and name used for Yugoslavia. I suggest the editors involved discuss it here instead of just switching it back and forth. Oldelpaso (talk) 20:17, 10 March 2013 (UTC)

Bronze Medal from Montevideo proves that Yugoslavia was 3rd. Its real since sing on medal is written in Spanish and year is 1930. There isn't better evidence than this is real medal. Snake bgd 20:42, 10 March 2013 (UTC)

Here is translation form the text form Newspaper: "Bronze Medal, unique in-house, is the legacy of Dr. Kosta and it testifies to the success of most of our football. This is proof that we were third, although most states for decades that we have completed the distribution of the seats, and Fifa's website today says: 3 place the United States, 4th Yugoslavia. So it was after all - 3rd Yugoslavia, 4th United States - and one of the explanations for such an order is that we lost in the semifinals of the World Cup and that is why we have the advantage over the Americans." Snake bgd 20:45, 10 March 2013 (UTC)
 * (edit conflict) I am aware of the existence of that medal, and that Serbian sources have published articles about it (it is already included in the Third and fourth place section). In the article, we can say that those sources claim 3rd place for Yugoslavia on the basis of the medal. But FIFA is the ultimate authority for the competition, and at present FIFA's literature lists the USA as third. It is not permitted for us to choose what is "better evidence", we merely report what the sources say. You said on my talk page that you have contacted FIFA about it in the hope that FIFA will make a change. If FIFA come out and change their records, then we can change things here. But we should not be making such changes pre-emptively. Oldelpaso (talk) 21:31, 10 March 2013 (UTC)
 * In any case, a bronze medal would not be conclusive proof - there is also evidence that the USA captain was awarded a bronze medal . Oldelpaso (talk) 21:50, 10 March 2013 (UTC)

Newspapers form 1930. On July 31 1930, page 9, title translated form Serbian (Uruguay is third time World champion; Yugoslavia takes third place). Also on August 1 1930, page 8, both national teams Yugoslavia and USA made deal, main title form newspaper is (Bloody clashes in Argentina over lost game), subtitle (Why we didn't play against USA). Snake bgd 21:29, 10 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Would it be possible to provide fuller translations of those articles? Oldelpaso (talk) 21:37, 10 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Sure but look there is also bronze medal form Yugoslavian captain, this confuse me most. Snake bgd 21:56, 10 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Its possible that USA and Yugoslavia split 3rd place. Snake bgd 21:58, 10 March 2013 (UTC)
 * There's a lot of unknowns here. The two player medals have the same design (the goddess Nike, and the FIFA logo at the bottom). The Hadži medal is inscribed with "A U DE F", which is presumably Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol. As to exactly when and why they were awarded, we can only speculate. There's a lot from this World Cup where details are unclear and sources contradict each other! Oldelpaso (talk) 22:16, 10 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I will edit with all references official and unofficial. Bought medals will be in references. Snake bgd 22:40, 10 March 2013 (UTC)

The medals are evidence of what FIFA did in 1930. We are responsible for reporting the case as it is known in 2013. The truth in 2013 is that FIFA reports third place as having been credited uniquely to the US. We might individually believe that it is unreasonable of FIFA to have made such a conclusion 56 years after the event, but we cannot as encyclopaedic editors pretend that they did not. Kevin McE (talk) 00:12, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Completely agreed with you. Snake bgd 00:20, 11 March 2013 (UTC)

The "bronze" medals where given to all the captains of the NO finalist teams, look the Chile's captain one: https://i0.wp.com/magiccity.soccer/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/1930-medal.png (Was the captain of the first 2 matches, don't play on the last match)181.29.116.218 (talk) 21:27, 25 June 2018 (UTC)

The other issue mentioned by the OP is that of the flag. It seems counter-intuitive to represent the country by its naval flag in a realm that clearly has no direct connection to maritime forces. I will restore the KoY flag, and ask that compelling reason for the naval flag be presented before any restoration of that variant. Kevin McE (talk) 18:37, 11 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Picture form Kingdom proving that was real flag in 1930. Without coat of arms was people flag and with it it was state flag. Snake bgd 21:25, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
 * According to this website the national flag was without the coat of arms, opposed to the state flag. In sports competitions national flags are normally used and unless sources claiming the opposite are found I see no reason to make an exception for 1930 Yugoslavia. (According to vexillological markings by Helmer, the state version was used on public buildings and on unarmed government vessels. The national version without the coat of arms was meant to be used by citizens on land).  Timbouctou ( talk ) 09:12, 14 March 2013 (UTC)
 * If you have a look at the surviving footage from the 1930 opening ceremony, the Yugoslavian delegation is filmed close-up for a few seconds at 1:37. The actual flag on the pole is unidentifiable (as is that for Bolivia a couple of seconds later), but the guy at the front of the Yugoslavian group is fussing with and showing off another flag, a triband which clearly has no coat of arms: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JvzbPq2GX4 84.92.8.221 (talk) 13:17, 1 October 2013 (UTC)

Peru's match against Uruguay
The Uruguayan media was also impressed by the Peruvian performance. See. The current structure of the paragraph places Peru in bad light, making it seem as if the Peruvians were happy to lose. The pride comes in the style and form of play shown by the Peruvian team, lauded both in Peru and Uruguay.-- MarshalN20 | T al k 00:54, 22 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Fixed the problem.-- MarshalN20 | T al k 01:17, 22 June 2013 (UTC)

Argentina flag
Why is there used flag of Argentina without sun? It's not symbol of Argentina. Actual flag of Argentina was used before 1930 World CupAight 2009 (talk) 20:02, 15 June 2014 (UTC)

Participant Map
Can someone add Yugoslavia to the participant map?1.126.255.253 (talk) 02:23, 17 June 2014 (UTC)

Goalscorings and reports
I see both the reports and goalscoring data is missed from the main page, remaining only in the groups' articles. I think that info is too important for remaining hidden in another article, and it should be brought back. Besides, it's a bit incoherent to use different game-formats for the Group Phase and the Knockout Stages. Ipsumesse (talk) 23:02, 3 August 2014 (UTC)

Third and fourth place
Why was "not" played the Third Place Match? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 181.88.217.93 (talk) 07:34, 25 February 2015 (UTC)

Because this match was "not" established until 1934, for the only time in the history. Twillihero Grumicker (Messages) 20:03, 4 May 2015 (UTC)

Bolivia
Is the fact that Bolivia's match versus Yugoslavia was the only one played by the Bolivians against non-South American opposition until 1972 not notable enough? 1982vdven (talk) 17:05, 23 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Not really. What difference does it make to anything? – PeeJay 17:12, 23 April 2015 (UTC)
 * It shows how isolated Bolivia was in footballing terms compared to other nations that participated in early World Cups. 1982vdven (talk) 17:28, 23 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm failing to see the significance. – PeeJay 18:13, 23 April 2015 (UTC)
 * If a country plays 90 internationals over a span of several decades, and only one of those is against an opponent outside of their own continent (and which happens to take place during the World Cup), is that not significant? 1982vdven (talk) 18:29, 23 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Not really. Kante4 (talk) 19:46, 23 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes, because such a situation was common with teams that took part in 1930, right? Oh wait, no it wasn't. Even Cris Freddi comments on it in his book on the World Cup, I believe. 1982vdven (talk) 20:09, 23 April 2015 (UTC)

Third place
First I would like to point out, that FIFA cannot be the ultimate source for everything. In numerous debates I was told that per Identifying and using independent sources, the neutral, independent sources like newspapers can be better than what some organization has to say about itself on its webpage. So, why are we making exception here?

Second, the "proof" for USA 3rd place is Florie's medal, but Yugoslavia players got the exact same medal, seen here by Marjanović: http://sport.blic.rs/fudbal/svetski-fudbal/mocnici-vole-da-menjaju-fudbal-od-tirketa-i-mose-pa-do-mundijala-sa-48-reprezentacija/mtb6svt

Third: Yugoslavia has that other bronze medal that USA don't have, seen in many many sources: Fourth, contemporary newspaper sources from 1930 indicate that Yugoslavia was third, that their anthem was played etc. and also explain why, there are also many, I'll put just one: http://digitalna.nb.rs/wb/NBS/novine/vreme/1930/08/01#page/7/mode/1up
 * http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/133200/Medalja-iz-doma-Hadzijevih-svedoci-da-smo-bili-treci-na-Mundijalu
 * http://www.blic.rs/vesti/reportaza/jos-uvek-sjaji-bronza-iz-montevidea/bk9m6en
 * http://www.sdcafe.rs/vesti/gde-smo-danas-a-gde-smo-nekad-bili-el-grande-smederevci

So, there are no indications for USA third place except self published FIFA statements, that aren't supported by any relevant, contemporary or independent sources. Therefore I propose to put Yugoslavia in third place.Linhart (talk) 10:41, 20 April 2017 (UTC)
 * If noone will comment, I will put Yugoslavia in third.Linhart (talk) 14:44, 26 April 2017 (UTC)

All the captains of the non-finalist teams received "bronze" medals, not only those from the USA and Yugoslavia, as example the medal of the Chile's captain: https://i0.wp.com/magiccity.soccer/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/1930-medal.png 181.29.116.218 (talk) 21:31, 25 June 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
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FAR
This article fails criterion 2b of the featured article criteria: appropriate structure. There are too many one sentence/single paragraph sections. I can see that the structure matches that chosen for all FIFA World Cup articles, of which none except this one are featured articles. So, there is a decision to be made: keep the same structure here as the other articles and list the article for potential demotion, or change the structure of this article so that it is inconsistent with the others but consistent with the featured article criteria. Whether to change the other articles to match the featured structure is a decision that would need to be made across articles not just this one. DrKay (talk) 15:52, 17 August 2018 (UTC)

Yugoslavia v Brazil match start time
The start time of the Yugoslavia v Brazil match was 14:45 (local), not 12:45 http://www.digitalna.nb.rs/wb/NBS/novine/vreme/1930/07/16#page/7/mode/1up Eu-football-info (talk) 06:10, 8 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Can you please point out where in that newspaper clipping it says what the kick-off time was? The official FIFA match report (see here) says kick-off was at 12:45, and I'm inclined to believe them. – PeeJay 10:15, 8 November 2018 (UTC)
 * In the second column is written "Свака утакмица треба да почне тачно у 14.45 часове по тамошњем времену. 15 минута оставља се за поздраве и избор места. Наша утакмица почела jе тачно у 14.55 минута.". If translated from Serbian it means "Each match should begin exactly at 14.45 hours in the local time. 15 minutes left for greetings and a choice of place. Our match started at exactly 14.55 minutes.".
 * Also other newspaper wrote that the match was started at 15 hours http://www.digitalna.nb.rs/wb/NBS/novine/politika/1930/07/15#page/6/mode/1up At the top of the first column is written that the match was started at 3 o'clock Eu-football-info (talk) 13:45, 8 November 2018 (UTC)
 * The Brazilian newspaper also wrote about ~15:00 kick-off time http://memoria.bn.br/docreader/DocReader.aspx?bib=098027_03&pagfis=89 Eu-football-info (talk) 15:26, 8 November 2018 (UTC)

 * If to believe this source http://memoria.bn.br/docreader/DocReader.aspx?bib=098027_03&pagfis=95 the match France v Argentina also was started at 15:00 (with greetings started at 14:45), not 16:00. I think all 1930 World Cup matches were scheduled for 13:00 (12:45 + greetings) or 15:00 (14:45 + greetings) Eu-football-info (talk) 15:59, 8 November 2018 (UTC)

Participating countries Map
The Participating countries graphic is quite unclear what it is trying to represent the key references a number (including a very large 5-13 category) but no mention of what this is actually describing. I suggest it either needs to be removed, or updated to be more clear on what the numbers are supposed to represent. Fulner (talk) 16:52, 29 May 2019 (UTC)

Bulgaria?
In the article there is no mention of Bulgaria, which was not among the 13 participating nations. But it may actually have been due to participate.

In a discussion in 2016, I said I personally wasn't aware of such a thing. However, today the official FIFA World Cup page on Facebook shared a poster of the 1930 World Cup that displays a total of 14 flags, including Bulgaria's.

This 2014 article by 24 chasa tells of the same poster. It says, among other things, that Bulgaria was one of the invited teams, but had to decline because the players couldn't get long enough leaves from work, and only then the invitation was instead given to Yugoslavia, which, boycotted by the Croats and composed only of players of two Belgrade clubs, went on to finish third, the best result in its history.

Although this implies that only one of Bulgaria and Yugoslavia was due to participate at any given time, a red-blue-white tricolour is depicted in the poster as well.

Meanwhile, the Bulgaria national football team article still has an unsourced section on the 1930 World Cup, which states, in its entirety, "Bulgaria's first qualification to a World Cup was for the first World Cup in 1930 in Uruguay. The national team had to cancel their entry due to flight delays caused by tropical storms and hurricanes on the Atlantic Ocean. Their original group stage opponents were set as Brazil, Yugoslavia and Bolivia."

I think that, if the credibility of such a thing can be established, Bulgaria should be mentioned as an invited non-participating team. --Theurgist (talk) 23:13, 3 October 2019 (UTC)

Flag of Yugoslavia
Shouldn't the flag of Yugoslavia in the infobox be changed? This was in 1930, before the communist government which pushed in the flag with the red star in the middle. It's kind of a minor thing, and I was going to change it myself, but it said to discuss this on the talk page. Fernsong (talk) 23:26, 22 October 2020 (UTC)

FA sweeps
Assessing as part of the ongoing FA sweeps at WP:URFA/2020. This article contains uncited statements, and uses a self-published source in a few spots (I've tagged the self-published spots). With these sourcing issues, this article currently does not meet WP:FACR and may require a featured article review. Hog Farm Talk 22:42, 15 May 2021 (UTC)
 * I am following up with the above, and I agree that there are issues with this article that cause it to no longer fulfil the FA criteria. My concerns include uncited statements, unreliable sources (like a blogspot), the "Last surviving players" section that I don't think is necessary, and a section about cultural depictions that should probably be included (ie a section that includes movies and other media that depict this event.) Is anyone interested in fixing this up? Z1720 (talk) 01:08, 7 August 2022 (UTC)

EGIPTO
I have doubts that Egypt has lost the boat or even that it is registered in the championship, I have never been able to find any document or newspaper of the time that supports it, I think that this should be eliminated. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Eduardo5890 (talk • contribs) 06:08, 24 January 2023 (UTC)

https://koraapedia.com/%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ac1/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Eduardo5890 (talk • contribs) 20:21, 16 April 2024 (UTC)

Greifer
The USA didn’t win. Uruguay did. Somedev123Gtg (talk) 12:33, 16 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:1930 FIFA World Cup


text:
African golden cat

The African golden cat (Caracal aurata) is a wild cat endemic to the rainforests of West and Central Africa. It is threatened due to deforestation and bushmeat hunting and listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. It is a close relative of both the caracal and the serval. Previously, it was placed in the genus Profelis. Its body size ranges from 61 to 101 cm with a 16 to 46 cm long tail.

Characteristics
The African golden cat has a fur colour ranging from chestnut or reddish-brown, greyish brown to dark slaty. Some are spotted, with the spots ranging from faded tan to black in colour. In others the spotting pattern is limited to the belly and inner legs. Its undersides and areas around the eyes, cheeks, chin, and throat are lighter in colour to almost white. Its tail is darker on the top and either heavily banded, lightly banded or plain, ending in a black tip. Cats in the western parts of its range tend to have heavier spotting than those in the eastern region. Two color morphs, a red and a grey phase, were once thought to indicate separate species, rather than colour variations of the same species. Grey skins have hairs that are not pigmented in their middle zones, whereas hair of red skins is pigmented intensively red. Hair of melanistic skins is entirely black.

Skins of African golden cats can be identified by the presence of a distinctive whorled ridge of fur in front of the shoulders, where the hairs change direction. It is about twice the size of a domestic cat. Its rounded head is very small in relation to its body size. It is a heavily built cat, with stocky, long legs, a relatively short tail, and large paws. Body length usually varies within the range of 61 to 101 cm. Tail length ranges from 16 to 46 cm, and shoulder height is about 38 to 55 cm. The cat weighs around 5.5 to 16 kg, with males being larger than females.

Overall, the African golden cat resembles the caracal, but has shorter untufted ears, a longer tail, and a shorter, more rounded face. It has small, rounded ears. Its eye colour ranges from pale blue to brown.

Taxonomy
Felis aurata was the scientific name used by Coenraad Jacob Temminck who described a reddish-brown coloured cat skin in 1827 that he had bought from a merchant in London. Temminck also described a grey coloured skin of a cat with chocolate brown spots that had lived in the menagerie in London. He named it Felis celidogaster. Felis neglecta proposed by John Edward Gray in 1838 was a brownish grey cat skin from Sierra Leone. Felis rutilus proposed by George Robert Waterhouse in 1842 was a reddish cat skin from Sierra Leone. Felis chrysothrix cottoni proposed by Richard Lydekker in 1906 was a dark grey cat skin from the Ituri Rainforest. A black cat skin from eastern Congo was proposed as Felis maka in 1942.

In 1858, Nikolai Severtzov proposed the generic names Profelis with F. celidogaster as type species, and Chrysailurus with F. neglecta as type species. In 1917, Reginald Innes Pocock subordinated both the African golden cat and the Asian golden cat to Profelis. This classification was followed by several subsequent authors.

Phylogenetic analysis of cat samples showed that the African golden cat is closely related with the caracal (Caracal caracal). These two species, together with the serval (Leptailurus serval), form the Caracal lineage, one of the eight lineages of Felidae. This lineage evolved nearly 8.5 million years ago. Because of this close relationship, the African golden cat has been placed into the genus Caracal.

Two African golden cat subspecies are recognised as valid since 2017:
 * C. a. aurata (Temminck, 1827) − east of the Congo River
 * C. a. celidogaster (Temminck, 1827) − west of the Cross River

Phylogeny
The following cladogram shows the phylogenetic relationships of the African golden cat:

Distribution and habitat
The African golden cat is distributed from Senegal to the Central African Republic, Kenya and as far south as northern Angola. It inhabits tropical forests from sea level to an elevation of 3000 m. It prefers dense, moist forest with heavy undergrowth close to rivers but lives also in cloud forest, bamboo forests, and high moorland habitats.

In Guinea's National Park of Upper Niger, it was recorded during surveys conducted in 1996 to 1997.

In Uganda's Kibale National Park, an African golden cat was recorded in an Uvariopsis forest patch in 2008. In Gabon's Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, it was recorded in forested areas during surveys in 2012. African Golden cats were recorded in Tanzania's Minziro Forest Reserve in 2018 for the first time.

Ecology and behaviour
Due to its extremely reclusive habits, little is known about the behaviour of African golden cats. They are solitary animals, and are normally crepuscular or nocturnal, although they have also been observed hunting during the day, depending on the availability of local prey.

African golden cats are able to climb, but hunt primarily on the ground. They mainly feed on tree hyrax, rodents, but also hunt birds, small monkeys, duikers, young of giant forest hog, and small antelope. They have also been known to take domestic poultry and livestock.

Reproduction
Knowledge of the African golden cat's reproductive habits is based on captive individuals. The female gives birth to one or two kittens after a gestation period of around 75 days. The kittens weigh 180 to 235 g. Their eyes open within a week of birth, and they are weaned at 6–8 weeks. They grow and develop rapidly in comparison with other small cat species. One individual was reported to be scaling a 40-cm wall within 16 days of birth, reflecting a high degree of physical agility from an early age. Females reach sexual maturity at 11 months of age, and males at around 18 months. In captivity, they live up to 12 years. Their lifespan in the wild is unknown.

Threats
The African golden cat is threatened by extensive deforestation of tropical rainforests, their conversion to oil palm plantations coupled with mining activities and road building, thus destroying its essential habitat. It is also threatened by bushmeat hunting, particularly in the Congo Basin. A dead African golden cat was offered as bushmeat in Angola's Uíge Province in May 2018.

Conservation
The African golden cat is listed in CITES Appendix II. Hunting African golden cats is prohibited in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, and Sierra Leone. In Gabon, Liberia and Togo, hunting regulations are in place.

title: African golden cat


text:
Steve Fisk

Steve Fisk is an American, Washington-based audio engineer, record producer and musician. As a musician, he has been in bands such as the instrumental alternative/indie rock band Pell Mell and the electronic band Pigeonhed. He has long been associated with the Pacific Northwest music scenes, including grunge and the Sub Pop indie record label.

Career
Fisk made his solo debut in 1980 with contributions to the compilations Let Them Eat Jellybeans!, Sub Pop 5 and Life Elsewhere. In 1982 Fisk joined the Portland-based instrumental band Pell Mell, which issued records on SST. After a move to San Francisco, the group disbanded in 1985 and a few odd turns landed him in Ellensburg, Washington where he produced the Screaming Trees' Other Worlds. In 1986, the group released Clairvoyance. Soon his credits appeared regularly on releases from the Sub Pop and K labels including early releases from Beat Happening and Soundgarden.

In 1990 Fisk moved to Seattle, where he produced Nirvana's Blew sessions, followed by work with Some Velvet Sidewalk, Treepeople, The Reverend Horton Heat, Love Battery, Girl Trouble, Mary Lou Lord, The Afghan Whigs, Unwound, Seaweed, Steven "Jesse" Bernstein, Beat Happening, The Screaming Trees and remixes for Soundgarden. In 1993 he teamed up with vocalist Shawn Smith in the ambient soul duo Pigeonhed, issuing a self-titled LP on Sub Pop.

He shifted to major label production in 1994, helming projects for Imij (for Liberty records), The Wedding Present (for Island records), Schtum (SonyUK) and The 360's (RCA). A year later a reunited Pell Mell issued Interstate on DGC, and for the same label Fisk produced The Posies, Three Mile Pilot and Boss Hog.

In 1994, Pigeonhed recorded its second Sub Pop LP, The Full Sentence, yielding the oft licensed Battle Flag remix by the Lo Fidelity Allstars. It can be heard in ER, Smallville, Dawson's Creek, Queer as Folk, Forces of Nature, Dancing at The Blue Iguana, Coyote Ugly, The Mod Squad as well as many Hollywood trailers. The original Pigeonhed version is featured in The Sopranos, Very Bad Things and The Horse Whisperer.

In 1996, Pell Mell were dropped. "Nothing Lies Still Long" was used in weekly episodes of Six Feet Under. Other tracks from their last album Starcity were featured in Sex and the City. Other 1990's work include recording sessions with Mudhoney, Geraldine Fibbers, Low, Soul Coughing, Damien Jurado, Lois, Agents of Good Roots, Maktub, Joan Osborne, The Halo Benders, and Heather Duby. His third solo album, 999 Levels of Undo, arrived in early 2001 on Sub Pop.

In the 2000s Fisk produced more records for Heather Duby and Maktub as well as solo work with Reggie Watts. Reunion records for The Wedding Present and Harvey Danger. Major label records for Midnight Movies and James Jackson Toth. Indy records with Minus the Bear, Past Lives, Shoplifting, Mark Pickerel, Carrie Akre, Alicia Dara, Paul Manusos and Al Larsen.

In 2005 Fisk co-wrote and produced the score for the award-winning Kurt Cobain documentary About a Son with Ben Gibbard.

In 2010, Fisk began work with KK and his Weathered Underground, mixing their Introducing CD, as well as solo records for members Kyle O'Quin and Thomas Hunter. Other mix work included Quasi, Bitch and The Telephantasm remix for Soundgarden.

Between 2009 and 2011, Fisk composed two 16 channel ambient audio installations for the Experience Music Project's "Nirvana: Taking Punk to the Masses" and "Can't Look Away: The Lure of Horror" exhibits.

In 2015 he received the Stranger Genius award in music. In 2018 he led the mixing team for the original score of the documentary My Country No More, about a North Dakota community's resistance to oil infrastructure planned for their area.

Bands produced or engineered

 * Low
 * The Posies
 * Steven Jesse Bernstein
 * Soul Coughing
 * Nirvana
 * Soundgarden
 * Maktub
 * SEACATS
 * Special Explosion
 * Screaming Trees
 * The Halo Benders
 * The 360's
 * Calvin Johnson
 * The Wedding Present
 * Some Velvet Sidewalk
 * Moral Crux
 * Unwound
 * Heather Duby
 * Negativland
 * Kay Kay & His Weathered Underground
 * Damien Jurado
 * Beat Happening
 * The Geraldine Fibbers
 * Boss Hog
 * The Blaze Brigade
 * 3 mile pilot
 * Harvey Danger
 * Honor Hall
 * Thomas Hunter & White China Gold
 * Paul Manousos
 * The Unibroz
 * Anonymous
 * grrRoPoLis
 * Spittin Images
 * Future Fridays
 * The Sexy Accident
 * Beautiful Lies
 * The Ghost Ease
 * Car Seat Headrest
 * Naked Giants
 * The Action Suits (featuring HATE comics creator Peter Bagge and Fantagraphics co-publisher Eric Reynolds

Solo discography

 * Kiss This Day Goodbye, K Records/A.R.P.H., (1983), cassette
 * 'Til the Night Closes in, K Records/A.R.P.H., (1985), cassette
 * 448 Deathless Days, SST Records, (1987)
 * Media Warrior 543-KCMU ,(Erika records), (1988)
 * More Valley, K Records, (1989), cassette
 * Over and Thru the Night, K Records, (1993), compilation
 * 999 Levels of Undo, Sub Pop, (2001)

title: Steve Fisk


text:
Golden cat

Golden cat may refer to:

 * African golden cat, Caracal aurata, a wild cat distributed in the rain forests of West and Central Africa
 * Asian golden cat, Catopuma temminckii, a medium-sized wild cat of South-Eastern Asia
 * Bay cat, Catopuma badia, a wild cat endemic to the island of Borneo
 * Domestic cat with a golden, or “sunshine”, coloured coat

title: Golden cat


text:
Catopuma

Catopuma is a genus of the Felidae containing two small cat species native to Southeast Asia, the Asian golden cat (C. temminckii) and the bay cat (C. badia). Both have similar pelage, with solid reddish brown coloration on their backs and darker markings on the head. They also exhibit colour morphs ranging from various browns to gray to black. The Asian golden cat occurs from northeast India to Sumatra, and the bay cat lives only on Borneo. Both inhabit forested areas.

The closest living relative of Catopuma is the marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata), from which the common ancestor of Catopuma genetically diverged around. The Asian golden cat and bay cat diverged from one another approximately, before Borneo separated from the neighboring islands.

Taxonomy
The name Catopuma was proposed by Nikolai Severtzov in 1858 with Felis moormensis as type species, which was described by Brian Houghton Hodgson.

title: Catopuma


text:
Talk:Sharp Zaurus

The first model Zaurus (PI-3000) did NOT run the Newton software. It ran Sharp's own OS, which was not at all like Newston. The development tools for it were completely different than the Newton. Both Newton and Zaurus had a common, albeit distant, ancestor in Sharp's earlier Wizard series. In fact, the first Zaurus series (PI-3000, PI-4000, PI-5000, PI-6000, PI-7000) accepted Wizard software cards. What may confuse people is that a similar PC communication protocol was used by Wizard, Zaurus, and Newton; originally they were intended to interoperate (e.g., so you could beam between a Zaurus and a Newton) but Apple made enough incompatible changes that this never worked. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.124.149.116 (talk) 05:22, 23 August 2010 (UTC)

There is a couple of problems with this article. The claim that all Zaurus models run Linux is bogus. Sharp was selling the Zaurus in Japan with their own proprietary OS before switching to the Linux kernel. As a result the list of Zaurus models is incomplete. I see if I can dig up a more complete list and history of the Zaurus...... cheers --synthetik 22:05 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Ah, I was not aware of that... all the ones currently listed in the article run Linux, though (I got all of them from the LinuxDevices site). Feel free to correct it :-) -- Wapcaplet 23:20 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Found a site which talks about older Zaurus models. -- Wapcaplet 23:22 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Nevermind, it didn't say much about them and it looks like you've already found some info on them. -- Wapcaplet 23:25 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I added some of the Japanese models I found on the Japanese Sharp support site. Still they're missing a description. The site you pointed out should help quite a bit to fix that :) -- cheers, --synthetik 23:29 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I am scouring the web to find other historical information on the Zaurus. There's a brief and incomplete history of the Zaurus which has a couple useful tidbits. Found the specs of the M1-E1 on an Amiga site (they seem to be popular with Amiga afficiandos, so there may be specs on other models around too). And here's a good historical summary of the Zaurus. This article could get lengthy! -- Wapcaplet 23:35 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I found a (hopefully) rather complete list with all the Zaurus models in Japanese and some of the release dates for some models also in Japanese. -- cheers --synthetik 00:23 21 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Cool! Unfortunately, I remember practically nothing of my two years of Japanese language courses :-) I've written a rough overview of the history of Zaurus, based mostly on the Sharp History from their website, and the evolution chart from the Pen Computing site. There are probably inaccuracies; it's sort of hard to tell which models introduced which capabilities, so there is some guesswork. Also, neither of these sources has much information on the MI series, which is obviously important since there were so many of them. -- Wapcaplet 01:19 21 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I found most of the press releases for the Zaurii going back as far as 1995 and spent quite some time sifting through them extracting the data I think was intresting. There is still a lot of work to do but I saved the result temporarly in my Zaurus matrix scratch page. -- cheers, --synthetik 15:15 21 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Starting with SL5600, the 206MHz StrongArm-1100 was replaced with a 400MHz Intel XScale. I'm not sure, but I think all later versions use this CPU.

Why were my edits reverted? The old versions contain some awkward English and I believe people want to know about the options available to Zaurus owners. Jogloran 02:30, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks like most of your edits were fine, but you accidentally deleted a bunch of stuff with your last edit. I'm not sure why User:Edward reverted all of them, though. I've restored all the things you added. -- Wapcaplet 03:18, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Whoops, I just meant to revert the final edit with the deletion. Sorry. Edward 13:13, 2005 Jan 16 (UTC)

 * Thanks, and no problem. I'll be more careful. Jogloran 10:36, Jan 17, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, my edit to include figlabs.com was reverted (the comment says 'wikipedia does not allow a link to a retailer of a single product'). I don't really understand the explanation - Trisoft are linked and they sell pretty much the same things as Figlabs. We sell devices, accessories, software, services. Is there some minimum number of products you have to retail before you can be linked to be Wikipedia? Sounds unlikely, but if that was the case doesn't that discriminate against the small guy? Also there's useful stuff on our site besides the shop. For instance there is free access to a full english zaurus user guide for novice users - something not available anywhere else. Figlabs are also the only retailer of the Zaurus in the UK that is fully compliant with European regulations - we CE test the devices ourselves - so if you want to buy it legally from someone based in the UK, we're currently the only place. Thanks. --Rob figlabs 14:07, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I read through the policy section and can't see anything about this. Rob figlabs 08:36, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

The page reads like SL-5500 (Collie) wasn't sold outside Japan either. This is afaik not true, there is a quite widely sold German version (SL-5500g), and I've got german manuals with mine.

Models named after dog breeds
I'm probably being too much of a fanboy in wanting to put this in the article, so I'm posting it here and someone with their passion for Zauruses well in check can decide what to do with it.

I find the Zaurus model naming convention, and particularly the names chosen, incredibly amusing.

The ones which amuse me most are: I don't know of any way to work this into the article and maintain the Encyclopedic style so valued in a good WP article, so I'm throwing it out there for the community to mull over. --Crag 18:42, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

I think the table is cromulent, so I updated it. The dog descriptions are purely opinion though. For example, a proper poodle is larger than the inbred and yappy little toy poodles and is very protective. -- Sy / (talk) 13:22, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

Available?
Hey fellas! Is the Sharp Zaurus SL-6000 still available in the market? Thanks! ReluctantPhilosopher (talk) 07:40, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

Portable Penguin Link Removal
Hi

I am the blogger who has twice now placed a link to my blog on this page, only to see it removed. My blog is a software resource for Sharp Zaurus machines. It consists of a collection of ipk files, which are Zaurus ports of popular open-source software, some of which have been compiled by me. Many of these ports take weeks (and in one famous case for me, several months to compile, test and package up - few people have the skills and diligence to do this work). I have a further 14 or so applications that will either be ported by me or have been ported by someone else, and will be made available via my blog. These applications will then constitute a complete useful, scientific and mathematic software resource for the Zaurus. All of these ports will then be maintained by myself on an ongoing basis, for as long as possible. My blog will then be the only complete source for up-to-date versions of these applications for the Zaurus on the Internet.

I am not a commercial organization; I compile this software and make it available for free, for the good of the Zaurus community in my spare time - much like the editors of this esteemed publication. I make no money from these activities, and my blog contains no advertising. As such, this is a valid free resource (in precisely the same way the links to pdaXrom, Cacko and Angstrom are).

I do not understand why these links have been removed - twice. In light of some of the links still in place, can somebody please explain to me exactly what policy has been contravened by my placing these links on this page and which is not contravened by the links already in place and previously mentioned?

Signed

A very frustrated Zaurus enthusiast and developer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Portablepenguin (talk • contribs) 21:49, 4 June 2009 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20061015202303/http://home.columbus.rr.com/mobileedge/szr3500.htm to http://home.columbus.rr.com/mobileedge/szr3500.htm

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title: Talk:Sharp Zaurus


text:
User:Christophorus

I'm interested in cultural history.

title: User:Christophorus


text:
American Cocker Spaniel

The American Cocker Spaniel is a breed of sporting dog. It is a spaniel type dog that is closely related to the English Cocker Spaniel; the two breeds diverged during the 20th century due to differing breed standards in the US and the UK. In the United States, the breed is usually called a Cocker Spaniel, while elsewhere in the world, it is called an American Cocker Spaniel to distinguish it from its older English cousin. The word cocker is commonly held to stem from their use to hunt woodcock in England, while spaniel is thought to be derived from the breed's origins in Spain.

The first spaniel in America came across with the Mayflower in 1620, but it was not until 1878 that the first Cocker Spaniel was registered with the American Kennel Club (AKC). A national breed club was set up three years later and the dog considered to be the father of the modern breed, Ch. Obo II, was born around this time. By the 1920s the English and American varieties of Cocker had become noticeably different and in 1946 the AKC recognized the English type as a separate breed. It was not until 1970 that The Kennel Club in the UK recognized the American Cocker Spaniel as being separate from the English type. The American Cocker was the most popular breed in the United States during the 1940s and 1950s and again during the 1980s, reigning for a total of 18 years. They have also won the best in show title at the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show on four occasions, the best in show title at Crufts in 2017, and have been linked to the President of the United States on several occasions, with owners including Richard Nixon and Harry S. Truman. In 2021, the cocker spaniel ranked 29th in registrations with the American Kennel Club.

The breed is the smallest of the sporting dogs recognized by the AKC, and its distinctly shaped head makes it immediately recognizable. In addition, there are some marked differences between it and its English relative. It has average working intelligence, although by being bred to a show standard it is no longer an ideal working dog. Members of the breed suffer from a wide variety of health ailments including problems with their hearts, eyes and ears.

History

The word spanyell is thought to date from the late 12th century when it was used to name a type of dog imported into England from Spain, with the span part of the word referring to the country of origin. Records from the mid-14th century show that selective breeding was already in place, with the breed being separated into two distinct types, called water spaniels and land spaniels. By 1801, the smaller variety of land spaniel was called the Cocker or Cocking Spaniel, so named for its use in flushing woodcock.

According to historical records, the first spaniel was brought to North America aboard the Mayflower which sailed from Plymouth, England and landed in New England in 1620. The first Cocker Spaniel recorded in America was a liver and white dog named Captain, who was registered with the American Kennel Club in 1878. In 1881, the American Cocker Spaniel Club was formed; it would later become the American Spaniel Club (ASC) and is now known as the oldest breed club for dogs in the United States. The task of the club was initially to create a standard to separate the Cocker Spaniel in America from other types of land spaniels, a task which would take over 20 years, only being completed in 1905.

The dog considered to be the father of the American Cocker Spaniel was sired by the dog considered to be the father of the English Cocker Spaniel. Ch. Obo was bred to Ch. Chloe II, who was shipped to America while she was pregnant. Once in the United States, she whelped a dog who became Ch. Obo II. He differed greatly from the modern breed, being only 10 in tall and with a long body, but was considered to be an excellent dog of that era and became a popular sire.

Towards the end of the 19th century, the breed had become popular in America and Canada due to their dual use as a family pet and a working dog. In the early 20th century the breeders on either side of the Atlantic had created different breed standards for the Cocker Spaniel and the breed gradually diverged from one another, with the two becoming noticeably different by the 1920s. The American Cockers by now had a smaller muzzle, their coats were softer and the dogs overall were lighter and smaller. The differences were so apparent that in 1935, breeders founded the English Cocker Spaniel Club and restricted breeding between the two types of spaniel. The two types of Cocker Spaniel in America were shown together as one breed, with the English type as a variety of the main breed, until 1946 when the American Kennel Club recognized the English Cocker Spaniel as a separate breed.

Return to the UK

Initially in the United Kingdom there were a few American Cockers that had accompanied service personnel to American bases in the 1950s and 1960s. In addition, several came over with embassy staff and business people returning home.

The first UK Kennel Club registered American Cocker Spaniel was Aramingo Argonaught, born January 17, 1956, and bred by Herbert L. Steinberg. Two judges confirmed that the dog was an American Cocker and not an English Cocker before the Kennel Club permitted the dog to be shown. In the 1960s they were shown as a rare breed, which meant that they did not have a show class of their own and could only be shown in variety classes. This included Aramingo Argonaught, who was the first American Cocker Spaniel to be shown at Crufts in 1960 in a class entitled "Any variety not classified at this show". In 1968, the KC agreed to have the breed shown in the category "Any variety gundog other than Cocker" and stated that the American Cocker was not a variety of "Spaniel (Cocker)". There were around 100 registrations between 1966 and 1968.

In 1970 the breed was given a separate register in the Kennel Club Breed Supplement, as it was previously included in "Any other variety". Registration numbers increased to 309 by 1970 following this full recognition.

Notable American Cockers and popularity

American Cocker Spaniels have won best in show at the Westminster Dog Show on four occasions, with the first win in 1921 by Ch. Midkiff Seductive. Ch. My Own Brucie won the title twice in 1940 and 1941, and became known as the most photographed dog in the world.

Brucie's win in 1940 coincided with the American Cocker Spaniel becoming the most popular breed of dog in the United States, and they would remain the most popular until 1952. The breed won the title for the fourth time in 1954 with the victory going to Ch. Carmor's Rise and Shine. The popularity of the American Cocker increased once again in the 1980s with it becoming the most popular breed again from 1984 until 1990. In more recent years the popularity of the breed has decreased, with it ranked 15th most popular by the American Kennel Club in 2005. The breeds most recent victory came in 2017 when it won the best in show title at Crufts.

American Cocker Spaniels have had several links to the United States Presidency. In 1952, an American Cocker Spaniel became a household name when United States Senator Richard Nixon made his Checkers speech on September 23. A parti-colored American Cocker Spaniel named Dot was one of several dogs owned by Rutherford B. Hayes; and a buff colored dog named Feller caused a scandal for Harry S. Truman when the dog was received as an unwanted gift with the President subsequently giving it away to a White House physician. More recently, a Cocker named Zeke lived with Bill Clinton while he was the governor of Arkansas.

Appearance

The American Cocker Spaniel is the smallest dog recognized by the American Kennel Club as a sporting dog, being on average between 13.5 and 15.5 in high at the withers. It is a dog of normal proportions, with medium long silky fur on the body and ears, hanging down on the legs and belly (known as feathering). The ears hang down. The breed standard states that size over 15.5 in inches for males and 14.5 in for females is a disqualification at conformation shows. American Cocker Spaniels weigh around 24 to 30 lb on average, with females of the breed usually weighing slightly less than the males.

The head of an American Cocker Spaniel makes the breed immediately recognizable, with the rounded dome of the skull, well-pronounced stop, and a square shaped lip. The drop ears are long, low set, with long silky fur, and the eyes are dark, large, and rounded. The nose can be black or brown depending on the color of the breed.

The coat of the breed come in a variety of shades with the colors being separated into three main groups: black/black and tan, any solid color other than black (ASCOB), and parti-color. The black variety is either all black, or with tan points on the dog's head, the feet and the tail in a pattern called black and tan. The group known as ASCOB includes all other solid colors from light cream through to dark red, although some lighter coloring is allowed on the feathering according to standards. Parti-colored dogs are white with patches of another color such as black or brown, and includes any roan colored dogs. In addition, American Cockers coats can come in a pattern known as merle, which is not recognized by the American Kennel Club.

American Cockers have rounder eyes, a domed skull, shorter muzzle and more clearly pronounced eyebrows than the English Cockers, whose head is more setter-like. In colors, the roan colors are rarer in the American variety than in the English but the shade of buff which is common in the American is not seen in the English breed at all, although there are English Cocker Spaniels which are considered to be a shade of red. The English breed is also slightly larger, being between 14.5 - 15.5 in in height.

Temperament

Known as the "Merry Cocker", the American Cocker Spaniel breed standard defines the ideal dog of the breed as being "equable in temperament with no suggestion of timidity." The breed ranks 20th in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs, a rating that indicates good "Working or Obedience Intelligence", or trainability. IQ tests run on a variety of breeds in the 1950s and 1960s showed that the American Cocker performed the best when tested on its ability to show restraint and delayed response to a trigger, a trait which was put down to the breed's bred-in ability when hunting to freeze upon finding a bird before flushing it out on command. However, they proved to be the worst breed tested when it came to manipulating objects with their paws, for instance uncovering a dish of food or pulling on a string.

With a good level of socialization at an early age, an American Cocker can get along with people, children, other dogs and other pets. This breed seems to have a perpetually wagging tail and prefers to be around people; it is not best suited to the backyard alone. Cockers can be easily stressed by loud noises and by rough treatment or handling.

Members of the breed were originally used as hunting dogs, but increased in popularity as a show dog. It was bred more and more in conformation with the breed standard, resulting in certain attributes, such as a long coat, which no longer make it an ideal working dog.

Health

A 2024 study in the UK found a life expectancy of 13.3 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds.

The American Cocker Spaniel is one of the more commonly affected breeds for progressive rod-cone degeneration. An autosomal recessive mutation in the PRCD gene is responsible for the condition in the breed. A study in the US veterinary data found the American Cocker Spaniel to be predisposed to glaucoma with 5.52% of dogs having the condition, the greatest prevalence of all breeds.

American Cocker Spaniels can present with a nutritional form of dilated cardiomyopathy that is associated with low blood concentrations of the amino acid taurine. This form of dilated cardiomyopathy is in many cases reversible if the dog receives taurine supplementation.

The American Cocker Spaniel is predisposed to the following dermatological conditions: allergic skin disease, intertrigo, Malassezia dermatitis, melanoma, otitis externa, plasmacytoma, primary keratinisation defects, sebaceous adenoma, and vitamin A-responsive dermatosis.

The American Cocker Spaniel is predisposed to hypothyroidism.

A North American study looking at records of over a million dogs and 44,000 American Cocker Spaniels found the breed to have a lower occurrence of hip dysplasia with 0.87% compared to 3.52% overall.

In popular culture

 * The film Lady and the Tramp features the character Lady, who is an American Cocker Spaniel.
 * Trilby from the Australian-American TV series Raggs is an American Cocker Spaniel.
 * Mags from Turbo Dogs is an American Cocker Spaniel.
 * In Poppy Playtime, a character in the Smiling Critters named Dogday is an American Cocker Spaniel

title: American Cocker Spaniel


text:
File:Korn-Korn.jpg

Summary
Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

Fair use rationale for Korn (album)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

title: File:Korn-Korn.jpg