text:
1995 Chicago heat wave

The July 1995 Chicago heat wave led to 739 heat-related deaths in Chicago over a period of five days. Most of the victims of the heat wave were elderly poor residents of the city, who did not have air conditioning, or had air conditioning but could not afford to turn it on, and did not open windows or sleep outside for fear of crime. The heat wave also heavily impacted the wider Midwestern region, with additional deaths in both St. Louis, Missouri and Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Weather
The temperatures soared to record highs in July with the hottest weather occurring from July 12 to July 16. The high of 106 °F on July 13 was the second warmest July temperature (warmest being 110 °F set on July 23, 1934) since records began at Chicago Midway International Airport in 1928. Nighttime low temperatures were unusually high — in the upper 70s and lower 80s °F (about 26 °C). The humidity made a large difference for the heat in this heat wave when compared to the majority of those of the 1930s, 1988, 1976–78 and 1954–56, which were powered by extremely hot, dry, bare soil and/or air masses which had originated in the desert Southwest. Each of the above-mentioned years' summers did have high-humidity heat waves as well, although 1988 was a possible exception in some areas. Moisture from previous rains and transpiration by plants drove up the humidity to record levels and the moist humid air mass originated over Iowa previous to and during the early stages of the heat wave. Numerous stations in Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois and elsewhere reported record dew point temperatures above 80 °F with a peak at 90 °F with an air temperature of 104 °F making for a 153 °F heat index reported from at least one station in Wisconsin (Appleton) at 5:00 pm local time on the afternoon of 14 July 1995, a probable record for the Western Hemisphere; this added to the heat to cause heat indices above 130 °F in Iowa and southern Wisconsin on several days of the heat wave as the sun bore down from a cloudless sky and evaporated even more water seven days in a row.

A few days after, the heat moved to the east, with temperatures in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania reaching 100 °F and in Danbury, Connecticut, 106 °F which is Connecticut's highest recorded temperature. North of the border, Toronto, Ontario reached 37 °C, when coupled with record high humidity from the same airmass resulted in its highest ever humidex value of 50 C (122 F).

Dewpoint records are not as widely kept as those of temperature, however, the dew points during the heat wave were at or near national and continental records.

Analysis
The heat wave was caused by a large high pressure system that traversed across the midwest United States. This system was consistently producing maximum temperatures in the 90's °F (32-38 °C) during the day with minimum temperatures still remaining as high as the 80s °F (27-32 °C) at night, which is abnormal for midwest summer months. The system also brought extremely low wind speeds, along with high humidity. In the MERRA-2 and the ERAI meteorological reanalyses, the system (see figure) moved eastward, becoming indistinguishable by July 18.

Victims
Eric Klinenberg, author of the 2002 book Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago, has noted that the map of heat-related deaths in Chicago mirrors the map of poverty. Most of the heat wave victims were the elderly poor living in the heart of the city, who either had no air conditioning, or had air conditioning but could not afford to turn it on. Many older citizens were also hesitant to open windows and doors at night for fear of crime. Elderly women, who may have been more socially engaged, were less vulnerable than elderly men. By contrast, during the heat waves of the 1930s, many residents slept outside in the parks or along the shore of Lake Michigan.

Because of the nature of the disaster, and the slow response of authorities to recognize it, no official "death toll" has been determined. However, figures show that 739 additional people died in that particular week above the usual weekly average. Further epidemiologic analysis showed that Black residents were more likely to die than White residents, and that Hispanic residents had an unusually low death rate due to heat. At the time, many Black residents lived in areas of sub-standard housing and less cohesive neighborhoods, while Hispanic residents at the time lived in places with higher population density, and more social cohesion.

Mortality displacement refers to the deaths that occur during a heat wave that would have occurred anyway in a near future, but which were precipitated by the heat wave itself. In other words, people who are already very ill and close to death (expected to die, for instance, within days or a few weeks) might die sooner than they might have otherwise, because of the impact of the heat wave on their health. However, because their deaths have been hastened by the heat wave, in the months that follow the number of deaths becomes lower than average. This is also called a harvesting effect, in which part of the expected (future) mortality shifts forward a few weeks to the period of the heat wave. Initially some public officials suggested that the high death toll during the weeks of the heat wave was due to mortality displacement; an analysis of the data later found that mortality displacement during the heat wave was limited to about 26% of the estimated 692 excess deaths in the period between June 21 and August 10, 1995. Mortality risks affected Black residents disproportionally. Appropriately targeted interventions may have a tangible effect on life expectancy.

In August, the remains of forty-one victims whose bodies had not been claimed were buried in a mass grave in Homewood, Illinois.

Aggravating factors
Impacts in the Chicago urban center were exacerbated by an urban heat island that raised nocturnal temperatures by more than 2 C-change. Urban heat islands are caused by the concentration of buildings and pavement in urban areas, which tend to absorb more heat in the day and radiate more of that heat at night into their immediate surroundings than comparable rural sites. Therefore, built-up areas get hotter and stay hotter.

Other aggravating factors were inadequate warnings, power failures, inadequate ambulance service and hospital facilities, and lack of preparation. City officials did not release a heat emergency warning until the last day of the heat wave. Thus, such emergency measures as Chicago's five cooling centers were not fully utilized. The medical system of Chicago was severely taxed as thousands were taken to local hospitals with heat-related problems.

Another powerful factor in the heat wave was that a temperature inversion grew over the city, and air stagnated in this situation. Pollutants and humidity were confined to ground level, and the air was becalmed and devoid of wind. Without wind to stir the air, temperatures grew even hotter than could be expected with just an urban heat island, and without wind there was truly no relief. Without any way to relieve the heat, even the insides of homes became ovens, with indoor temperature exceeding 90 °F at night. This was especially noticeable in areas which experienced frequent power outages. At Northwestern University just north of Chicago, summer school students lived in dormitories without air conditioning. In order to ease the effects of the heat, some of the students slept at night with water-soaked towels as blankets.

The scale of the human tragedy sparked denial in some quarters, grief and blame elsewhere. From the moment the local medical examiner began to report heat-related mortality figures, political leaders, journalists, and in turn the Chicago public have actively denied the disaster's significance. Although so many city residents died that the coroner had to call in seven refrigerated trucks to store the bodies, skepticism about the trauma continues today. In Chicago, people still debate whether the medical examiner exaggerated the numbers and wonder if the crisis was a "media event." The American Journal of Public Health established that the medical examiner's numbers actually undercounted the mortality by about 250 since hundreds of bodies were buried before they could be autopsied.

Environmental racism
Various aggravating factors in this context have informed discussions about environmental racism, environmental injustice within a racialized context.

In the context of the 1995 Chicago heat wave, principles of environmental racism have been used to better understand the hugely unequal death rates between various groups in the Chicago population. Out of the 739 heat related deaths attributed to the heat wave, it was found that Black citizens died at a much higher rate than their white peers. Further, this finding was statistically significant beyond the consideration of increased rate of death in impoverished areas.

In 2018, filmmaker Judith Hefland created Cooked: Survival by Zip Code, a documentary exploring the unequal death rates observed during the 1995 heat wave. Cooked examines the factors that most directly contributed to these unequal death rates, and posits that such a crisis was not a one time catastrophe, but rather a dangerous trend occurring beyond Chicago.

This documentary examined the particularly devastating impact of various aggravating factors on Black communities. Most directly, the lack of adequate warning and failure to utilize pre-existing cooling centers disadvantaged impoverished groups, and caused particularly devastating effects in Chicago's poorest areas. Hefland warns that Chicago can serve as a model for the environmental racism present in many American cities.

Urban heat islands still exist throughout the United States and beyond, and impoverished, minority groups still disproportionately occupy these at-risk neighborhoods. With the number of climate disasters increasing five fold over the past 50 years, the risk to these groups increases as well, and social movements calling for environmental justice have grown in turn.

Statistics
Chicago's daily low and high temperatures in 1995: Statistics about the averaged July monthly average temperatures from 1960–2016 give us a mean of 74 degrees F and a standard deviation of 2.7.
 * July 11: 73 - 90 F
 * July 12: 76 - 98 F
 * July 13: 81 - 106 F
 * July 14: 84 - 102 F
 * July 15: 77 - 99 F
 * July 16: 76 - 94 F
 * July 17: 73 - 89 F

During the week of the heat wave, there were 11% more hospital admissions than average for comparison weeks and 35% more than expected among patients aged 65 years and older. The majority of this excess (59%) were treatments for dehydration, heat stroke, and heat exhaustion.

Wet-bulb temperatures
Wet-bulb temperatures during the heat wave reached 85 F in some places. A wet-bulb temperature of 95 F may be fatal to healthy young humans if experienced over six hours or more for children one month of age as well as the elderly 70 and over.

title: 1995 Chicago heat wave


text:
Parisii

Parisii may refer to two ancient Iron Age tribes:

 * Parisii (Gaul)
 * Parisii (Yorkshire)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Parisii


text:
Mobile Regional Airport

Mobile Regional Airport is a public/military airport 13 mi west of Mobile, in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The airport is owned and operated by the Mobile Airport Authority, a self-funded entity that receives no local tax dollars.

The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a primary commercial service airport. Federal Aviation Administration records show the airport had 286,956 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 280,491 in 2009 and 277,232 in 2010.

The airport is home to U.S. Coast Guard Aviation Training Center, Mobile, providing advanced training to U.S. Coast Guard pilots and aircrew in MH-65D Dolphin and MH-60T Jayhawk helicopters, as well as the HC-144A/B Ocean Sentry turboprop aircraft. The Alabama Army National Guard's 1st Battalion, 131st Aviation Regiment's "B" Company is also located at the airport.

In August 2020 it was announced that the Mobile Airport Authority will shift commercial airline flights to the more convenient Mobile Downtown Airport, now renamed Mobile International Airport.

Early years
Eastern Air Lines served Mobile from the 1930s until 1991; in the 1930s Eastern's one flight a day each way between Newark and San Antonio stopped at what is now Mobile International Airport.

Bates Army Airfield
During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces used Mobile Regional Airport. The 533d Army Air Force Base Unit commanded the airport, then known as Bates Field. The Army Air Forces also operated an auxiliary airfield at St. Elmo Airport.

The Army used this airport as a basic (level 1) pilot training airfield, under contract to Waterman Airlines. They performed flying training with Fairchild PT-19 aircraft as the primary trainer. The Army also assigned several Boeing-Stearman Model 75 aircraft. The Army also used Bates for glider pilot training under contract to Mobile Area Soaring, which used primarily Douglas C-47 Skytrain and Waco CG-4 unpowered gliders. The school aimed to train student pilots in proficiency in operation of gliders in various types of towed and soaring flight, both day and night, and in servicing of gliders in the field.

In 1944 with the reduced demand for pilots, the Army ended the flying training, and Domestic Transport Division of Air Transport Command used the airport as a transport airfield. Air Transport Command moved operations to Brookley Army Airfield (later Brookley Air Force Base) near downtown Mobile in late 1945.

U.S. Air Force and U.S. Coast Guard activity
The U.S. Air Force returned to Bates Field in May 1959 when the Air Force Reserve activated the 78th Troop Carrier Squadron at the airport with Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar aircraft. In 1961, the Air Force moved this squadron to Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana as a Douglas C-124 Globemaster II heavy-lift squadron. The 357th Troop Carrier Squadron then replaced it and acquired the C-119s. The Air Force subsequently upgraded Bates to a Group level upon organizing the 908th Troop Carrier Group, Medium in 1963. However, the Air Force then moved the reservists to the larger Brookley Air Force Base located near downtown Mobile in October 1964 due to budget restraints.

In 1966 the U.S. Coast Guard acquired the vacant U.S. Air Force Reserve facility on the airfield. On December 17, 1966, the Coast Guard officially commissioned an Air Station in Mobile with Grumman HU-16 Albatross fixed wing aircraft from the Coast Guard's Air Station in nearby Biloxi. The Coast Guard also established a fixed wing and helicopter training facility at the airport. U.S. Coast Guard Air Station Mobile serves as an Aviation Training Center with a designated headquarters unit that is under the direct control of the Commandant of the Coast Guard.

Past airline service
Eastern Airlines was first at Mobile, at the airport south of town until about 1941 when it and National moved to the present airport. In the 1960s Eastern Airlines flew Lockheed L-188 Electras to Mobile, then Boeing 727-100s and Douglas DC-9s mainly to Atlanta. Eastern served Mobile until its demise in 1991.

National Airlines Jacksonville-New Orleans flights stopped at the airport south of Mobile starting about 1939. National Lockheed L-188 Electras appeared in 1962–63; later their Boeing 727-200s flew nonstop to New Orleans and Houston. After its acquisition of National, Pan Am 727s served the airport until 1981.

Capital Airlines began Mobile flights in 1948; United Airlines acquired Capital in 1961 and served Mobile with Douglas DC-6Bs and Capital's Vickers Viscounts. Mobile's first jets were United Sud Aviation Caravelles to Newark via Birmingham in April 1962. United ended mainline service to Mobile in 1971, but United Express regional jets still serve the airport.

Southern Airways arrived at Mobile in 1950–51; in the 1970s Southern flew nonstop Douglas DC-9s to Atlanta and New Orleans. Southern merged with North Central Airlines to form Republic Airlines which was acquired by Northwest Airlines which continued at Mobile with DC-9s to the Northwest hub in Memphis. Northwest eventually merged into Delta Air Lines.

Starting in 1981 American Airlines Boeing 727-200s flew to Dallas/Fort Worth Airport via Jackson, MS or New Orleans, LA. American also flew to its hub in Nashville from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s before the airline closed that hub.

USAir (later US Airways and now merged into American Airlines) flew nonstop to Charlotte, NC in the mid 1990s with McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s and Fokker 100s.

Texas International arrived in 1979; successor Continental Airlines flew Boeing 737-200s and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s nonstop to Houston Intercontinental Airport in the late 1990s. Continental has since merged into United Airlines.

The MC Farmer Terminal was completed in 1985.

The 21st century
United Airlines via United Express served Mobile from its hubs in Chicago (ORD) and Washington D.C. (IAD). After the September 11, 2001 attacks, United canceled all service at Mobile. United Express reinstated nonstop service to Houston (IAH) and Chicago (ORD) after the merger of United with Continental Airlines. On September 5, 2018, United stopped flights to Chicago (ORD), citing low demand. All United Express flights at Mobile are regional jets.

In 2006 Delta Air Lines dropped several flights from Mobile and Continental Airlines added flights. In December 2006 Delta had six weekday flights to Atlanta and one to its Cincinnati hub. Delta ended service to Cincinnati on December 12, 2006.

American Airlines restored flights to Chicago (ORD) in April 2007 but ended them in September 2008. Flights to Charlotte and Dallas/Ft. Worth continue on its American Eagle affiliate with Embraer ERJs.

In 2010 Northwest Airlines merged into Delta Air Lines. Northwest had operated nonstops from Mobile to its hub in Memphis; those flights ended after the merger.

After its merger with Continental Airlines in 2012 United Airlines (via its United Express regional affiliate operated by ExpressJet) resumed flights to its hub in Houston (IAH), seven weekday flights. United Express resumed service to the hub in Chicago (ORD) on April 9, 2013.

Presidential visit
It was at the Mobile Regional Airport that President George W. Bush, in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Katrina on September 2, 2005, praised Michael D. Brown, director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Bush lauded Brown with the phrase "Brownie, you're doing a heck of a job" in front of Brown, the media, and assembled politicians and cabinet officials (including Mississippi Senator Trent Lott; Mississippi Senator Thad Cochran; Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour; Alabama Governor Bob Riley; Michael Chertoff, Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, and Alphonso Jackson, Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development). Only ten days later, on September 12, 2005, Brown announced his resignation after intense criticism of FEMA's perceived shortcomings in its response to Katrina. The phrase "heck of a job" then became synonymous with an utter mess.

Facilities

Mobile Regional Airport covers 1,717 acres (695 ha) at an elevation of 219 feet (67 m). It has two runways: 15/33 is 8,502 by 150 feet (2,591 x 46 m) and 18/36 is 4,376 by 150 feet (1,334 x 46 m). It has one asphalt helipad, which is 100 by 100 feet (30 x 30 m). The National Weather Service Forecast Office for Southern Alabama, situated near Airport Road and the runway, has a full complement of meteorological instruments, including à NEXRAD weather radar. The airport has 6 gates with jetways.

The terminal at Mobile Regional Airport has renovated shops and restaurants, such as local favorite Carpe Diem Coffee and Tea, car rental agencies, and handicap accessible elevators.

In the year ending October 30, 2021 the airport had 75,034 aircraft operations, average 205 per day: 72% military, 14% general aviation, 8% air taxi, and 5% airline. 31 aircraft were then based at this airport: 6 single-engine and 25 military.

Airlines and destinations
The major carriers out of Mobile are United Airlines and Delta Air Lines, based on the number of flights. Additional weekday departures were as follows: Charlotte (four flights via American Eagle) and Dallas/Fort Worth (three flights via American Eagle). Schedules were slightly reduced on the weekends.
 * Airlines

Various carriers represent all three major airline alliances—SkyTeam, Star Alliance, and Oneworld—at Mobile, allowing for connections to partner airlines.

Regional airlines flying for the major network airlines, as listed, primarily serve Mobile. Delta Air Lines alone operates mainline passenger service from the airport and uses such jet types as the Boeing 717 and the Airbus A319. Delta also operated the McDonnell Douglas DC-9-50 into Mobile prior to the retirement of this aircraft type from their fleet. All other scheduled passenger services are currently operated with either Canadair or Embraer regional jet aircraft.

 * Destinations

The following are flown nonstop or direct from Mobile:

Airfares
The airport has a reputation for high domestic fares, usually attributed to the lack of a true low-cost carrier (LCC) serving the airport, such as JetBlue or Southwest Airlines. Low-cost carrier AirTran Airways served the airport for a time, but Delta Air Lines and other airlines matched fares on the routes that AirTran served, and passengers continued to fly the traditional network carriers. AirTran ultimately discontinued all service, and fares increased once again. AirTran later entered the Pensacola market, and fares dropped significantly from Pensacola International Airport. Because of this, many people drove about an hour in either direction to Pensacola International Airport in Florida or the Gulfport Airport in Mississippi. Fares from Pensacola were lower primarily on routes that AirTran served, while on other routes, including international services, Mobile and Pensacola offered similar fares. AirTran, however, was acquired by Southwest beginning in 2011 and ending in 2014.

In order to attract and maintain frequent flyers, Mobile Regional Airport offered the first airport-based frequent flyer program, called Passport. Passport was launched with a media blitz and new slogan: "Fly Smarter, Fly Mobile."

The Mobile Airport Authority encourages passengers to use multiple airlines to stimulate more competition and lower fares, and it continues to work to attract a low-cost carrier. The Authority also believes that both Mobile and Pensacola would be better served if a single airport was built to serve both cities in Baldwin County—midway between both cities. However, the Authority claims that Pensacola officials do not want their airport in Alabama and have withdrawn from exploratory discussions.

Accidents and incidents

 * On February 1, 2016, at around 9:00pm, two people died while returning home on an Angel Flight. The cause of the crash was the heavy fog that also hampered the search for the wrecked plane, a Cessna 182, which was not found until 2:00am on Tuesday, February 2. The crewmembers who died in the crash were identified as Maj. David R. Mauritson and 2nd Lt. Phil J. Dryden. The men were members of the Civil Air Patrol.

title: Mobile Regional Airport


text:
User talk:Jmartinezot

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. You can learn more on the how to edit page. The naming conventions and style guide pages are also useful. There is a sandbox which you can use to experiment in. If you have any questions, see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. Angela 18:59, 12 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Hi, I was just wondering why you created the National chess champions page with just one link in it. It is currently listed for deletion. If you intend to expand it beyond just a link, please say so on the deletions page. Thanks. Angela 18:03, 17 Aug 2003 (UTC)

-

Gracias por tu contribución a mathematical beauty. -- Miguel

Hi - I've moved national chess champions to list of national chess championships (which seems a slightly better title), and said I'm against deleting it on Votes for deletion. I think it will most likely be kept. All the best--Camembert

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following images:

 * Image:Donostia2.jpg
 * Image:Donostia.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 05:40, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Tagging other people's images
Hi, I noticed today that you've been tagging other people's images as GFDL, when in fact they have never been released under the GFDL. Could you please explain why you are doing this? If I chose today to license Image:Snowman-and-me.jpg as PD, despite the delay between uploading it and tagging it with a license, I would be slightly disappointed to find that some third party had already apparently licensed it under the GFDL without my knowledge or consent. Some other examples are. What do you plan to do about this? silsor 02:30, Jan 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * ... just because in the page about Untagged Images there is this statement: "If it is obvious from comments or a copyright statement that the uploader owns the copyright to an image, then by virtue of them having uploaded it to the Wikipedia, you can assume it is GFDL. (Obviously this does not apply if the uploader does not own the copyright, nor does this apply in situations in which it is not clear that the uploader owns the copyright.)"
 * Of course, the person who uploaded the image is who better knows about the right tag, so if they are going to tag it it would be nice. Sorry if we edited it at the same time.

 * No, it is not okay to assume that they want to license it under the GFDL. You don't have the authority to make any licensing decisions for people, and people do license images that they own under other licenses than the GFDL.  Please don't do this. silsor 04:52, Jan 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * If you are right, then the project guidelines at Untagged Images are wrong. Please let them know to stop other people doing the same mistakes I did. Jmartinezot 12:30, Jan 6, 2005 (UTC)

Ibarra, Imbabura
Why did you blank this page? Mgm|(talk) 10:50, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Nevermind, I guess I spoke too soon... Mgm|(talk) 10:51, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Please note that headings are done using special coding (see article). Mgm|(talk) 11:05, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, what headings? Jmartinezot 11:15, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * You wrote History, while the preferred format is ==History== . Mgm|(talk) 11:15, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * I did a cut&paste of the former article under Ibarra, so I really have not edited anything of Ibarra, Ecuador. Jmartinezot 11:20, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Anyway, thanks for the point. Jmartinezot 11:20, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC)

Useful stub template
Hi - I noticed you've been working on quite a number of Spanish geography articles - I thought you might find it useful to know that there is a special stub marker to use in place of "geo-stub" for Spanish geography stubs:. It puts the articles in a special subcategory within the Geography of Spain category, to make it easier to find them. Keep up the good wiki work! Grutness|hello? 23:49, 18 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Whoops - not sure why that got posted twice - sorry... and happy Tamborrada! Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 04:07, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Grutness! Jmartinezot 10:15, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Average rule
I'm thinking of nominating Average rule for deletion on the grounds that it is a neologism and original research. This article has existed since August 2004 without anyone questioning it or proposing it for deletion. Do you think it's legitimate? Do you know of any reasons I shouldn't nominate it for deletion? Dpbsmith (talk) 15:34, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I edited that article just to remove a blank before a comma, so I will agree with the final decision about deletion or not. Jmartinezot 14:04, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Return of the Untagged Image project
You were kind enough to contribute to the Untagged images project; I beg to draw your attention to part 2 of the project - there are about 12,000 more images in need of tagging. Any assistance you could provide would be most welcome. thanks --Tagishsimon (talk)

Image:Haeri.jpg
No copyright present does not equal public domain. Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 10:26, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Jmartinezot! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 2 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 19:53, 16 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Manuel Leguineche -
 * 2) Myra Shackley -

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:53, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jmartinezot


text:
User talk:Ed g2s

  [ Start new discussion] or e-mail me =Index=

 =Archived discussions=

=Recent discussions=

it:Template:Football kit
Please refrain to make such edits without any prior discussion; the SVG version is used since March and nobody complained about it, if you feel it's a big issue reach a local consensus before. --Brownout (msg) 15:10, 21 July 2008 (UTC)
 * IE6 users tend to be the least technical hence the lack of complaints - but it will be rendering as white kits for all those people. Do you really think breaking the template for 20% of internet users isn't a big deal? ed g2s • talk 16:51, 21 July 2008 (UTC)
 * In fact if you look at the talk page there have been complaints. ed g2s • talk 16:52, 21 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I think that before reverting to an older version a fairly stable template included in ~3000 articles you should at least discuss. --Brownout (msg) 17:05, 21 July 2008 (UTC)
 * PS: I kinda agree with the Germans, IE6 is horribly old, nobody should use it.
 * Please don't start editwarring, you are a sysop, you know how it would end. --Brownout (msg) 23:58, 22 July 2008 (UTC)

Field hockey
Hi, Ed g2s, you not recognise me. I'm working around in field hockey area. I'm impressed with your creation of soccer shade, i like to have one in field hockey, recently i create Image:Penalty stroke.png but i'm not happy with my creation and i want to learn something or some idea from you. Can you help me little bit, passing some idea? Thanks if you can help. --Aleen f 1 11:18, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

Template:Nutritionalvalue
Hi Ed. I noticed your experimental edits of nutritionalvalue. Next time you edit a complex template or when you are not absolutely sure what result your edit to the template will cause, I recommend you use the /sandbox and perhaps the /testcases subpages of the template. Or you can experiment on a subpage in your own user space. Thus you don't cause weird looking article pages while you experiment. And you save a lot of server load, since each time you change a deployed template lots of articles are re-rendered.

You can learn more about this at Template test cases.

--David Göthberg (talk) 13:54, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Ed: You really should come to Template talk:Nutritionalvalue and explain the purpose of your major edits to the nutritionalvalue template, and what changes those edits mean. We should not have to spend hours comparing code line by line and run tests to figure out what changes you might have added.
 * --David Göthberg (talk) 19:17, 20 October 2008 (UTC)
 * The changes are merely cosmetic and syntactic. Let me know if I missed anything. ed g2s • talk 23:00, 20 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Can you please discuss your proposed changes on the template talk page? Han-Kwang (t) 16:50, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

Talk page
Just letting you know - my talk is currently broken in IE and Opera, so I have decided to get a new design. I was going to design one, but I usually end up screwing it up some way or another. Anyway, I am borrowing yours (with some modifications) for now, not going live until I've sorted out the aforementioned mods though. If you have any objections to this, please do make them known. Thanks again, — neuro(talk) 16:05, 25 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Oh, and I forgot to mention, I will credit you at the bottom of both my talk and user pages, as I may use a modified version of your userpage for mine as well. As I say, any objections, just say. :) — neuro(talk) 16:09, 25 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Currently having problems with implementation, so this is on hold. — neuro(talk) 10:36, 26 November 2008 (UTC)

Suspension
Hi, I noticed you were the one created the match report templates and uploaded the images to Wikipedia, so I hope I'm ask the right person here... =) Do you know if there is a similar image or template on a "2-minute suspension" given in handball? It should be a hand showing the peace-sign "backwards", look at this document on page 65 for a preview. Hope you can help? =) lil2mas (talk) 23:44, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

margins
I'd like to hear what you've got to say about MediaWiki talk:Common.css. Thanks. —Ms2ger (talk) 18:10, 23 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks again. —Ms2ger (talk) 16:38, 25 December 2008 (UTC)

Commons de-adminship warning
Hi. Please see Commons:User talk:Ed g2s. Thanks! — Jeff G. ツ 19:20, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

Germany map
Is it possible for this map:, to be changed to only three dots/locations (Gelsenkirchen, Cologne, and Mannheim)? It is for this article. Slaja (talk) 20:20, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

Query
Once upon a time (about 6 years ago), you uploaded File:British Empire 1897.jpg. Would you happen to remember where you got it from? Nikkimaria (talk) 18:07, 26 October 2010 (UTC)

Robin van Persie protection
Hi there,

I was just about to action the unprotection when you beat me to it! Just to let you know, I've restored the semi-protection that was already on that article, as it's got a long history of vandalism, and football fans being what they are, that's likely to continue. Hope you don't mind! Ged UK  12:33, 17 August 2012 (UTC)

Template:Football kit box
Hi!

I'm pretty sure something went wrong with the "Template:Football kit box" template when you edited it last. I noticed that the usage of the template in an article I wrote suddenly appeared different than what it used to. Instead of the kits aligning to the right and next to each other they all line up over each other which messes up the layout of the page. See here for an example of what I'm talking about. Do you think that you could perhaps fix the template? Thanks! --Reckless182 (talk) 22:01, 5 November 2013 (UTC)
 * That is the correct behaviour for three right-aligned images, the fact they were side-by-side before was an unintended consequence of it not being set up correctly. If you want them side by side you should place them non-floated inside a right-floated container. ed g2s • talk
 * Thanks! I found a way.--Reckless182 (talk) 22:44, 6 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Hi, Ed g2s!
 * I think Reckless182 was right. The boxes can't align left - I left you the original message here but I think you were on a break, if you want we can continue the convo there. Thanks in advance! BigSteve (talk) 10:18, 16 February 2014 (UTC)

Trying to track down an associate of yours...?
Hi 'Ed g2s'

I am trying to get hold of someone who has credited you on their wiki user page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Unisouth

Do you have any contact details for Unisouth or the ability to get me in touch with them?

Many thanks,

Marcus — Preceding unsigned comment added by Trainspots Editor (talk • contribs) 13:16, 21 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I don't know them. ed g2s • talk 13:19, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

Ahh well, worth a shot. Thanks anyways — Preceding unsigned comment added by Trainspots Editor (talk • contribs) 13:55, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

VisualEditor
Do you have a wider concern, as removing sourced content just because the source has a dead link in it isn't not even WP:DEADREF. Would be good to resolve on the talk. Widefox ; talk 13:05, 29 May 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:53, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Create image with transparent background
Hi Ed. I was wondering if you'd be able to make a PNG of File:Nasa mer marvin.jpg with a transparent background as you did with File:Nasa mer daffy.png. I only have a basic understanding of how to create transparencies in Paint Shop Pro, and cannot replicate what you did with the partial transparency in the shadow. Thanks in advance! — Huntster (t @ c) 18:06, 5 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Done. ed g2s • talk 19:28, 5 January 2016 (UTC)
 * That's fantastic, thank you. May I ask what you use to get that partial transparency? — Huntster (t @ c) 20:09, 5 January 2016 (UTC)
 * It's not that straightforward. I cut manually separated the badge from the shadow, then converted the shadow to a mask for a plain black layer. ed g2s • talk 16:39, 15 January 2016 (UTC)

Seattle Sounders FC colour scheme
I agree that the colour scheme is likely against accessibility guidelines. It would be better if you made the text either black or white. I'm sorry that I don't have the time to fix this presently. If you don't have time to do it, I'll try later in my day. Walter Görlitz (talk) 15:45, 12 January 2016 (UTC)

Since you participated in the Sedna discussion
Minor planet 90377 Sedna > Sedna (minor planet) discussion taking place at Talk:90377_Sedna. Please join in if it catches your fancy. A previous discussion took place with a result of Sedna (planetoid) which is why you are on this list. Fyunck(click) (talk) 19:49, 24 January 2016 (UTC)

Football Player Tables
Hi Ed g2s, I have received no more answers on my campaign to standardize the Footballer Player Tables to Wikipedia's style (or at least closer to it), so per WP:SILENCE, I am planning to make the necessary changes to the templates (and link to that discussion in the edit description). The changes are of course backwards compatible, so I do not expect issues—apart from the usual Resistance to Change.

Unfortunately I do not have access everywhere: the club templates are all protected above my access level, and the NFT template family has 8 templates, 7 of which I can edit, but one I can't (this one). I seems a bit strange that only a single template of a family has a higher protection; perhaps could you reduce that protection to 'auto-confirmed'? Alternatively I would of course be happy to be made a Template Editor, then I can also update the club templates, but I'm not sure what the usual channels are to achieve that :) –Sygmoral (talk) 19:51, 31 January 2016 (UTC)
 * I guess the best thing to try first is to request template editor rights. ed g2s • talk 15:12, 2 February 2016 (UTC)

gif against user toolbox
Dear,

This was asked by community and not my decision.--Rahmanuddin Shaik (talk) 05:20, 11 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Where was that? ed g2s • talk 12:33, 11 February 2016 (UTC)

File:Soccerball Gibraltar.svg?
Hi Ed, I'm looking to show everyone that I support Gibraltarian football by using an icon similar to the ones you have made (e.g. File:Soccerball Estonia.svg). However I'm not sure how to do it and I was wondering if you were able to do one with the Gibraltar flag? I would be very grateful, if not then don't worry. Kind regards --6ii9 (talk) 12:16, 27 May 2016 (UTC)

Administrators' newsletter - February 2017
News and updates for administrators from the past month (January 2017). This first issue is being sent out to all administrators, if you wish to keep receiving it please subscribe. Your feedback is welcomed.

Administrator changes
 * Gnome-colors-list-add.svg NinjaRobotPirate • Schwede66 • K6ka • Ealdgyth • Ferret • Cyberpower678 • Mz7 • Primefac • Dodger67
 * Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg Briangotts • JeremyA • BU Rob13

Guideline and policy news
 * A discussion to workshop proposals to amend the administrator inactivity policy at Wikipedia talk:Administrators has been in process since late December 2016.
 * Pending changes/Request for Comment 2016 closed with no consensus for implementing Pending changes level 2 with new criteria for use.
 * Following an RfC, an activity requirement is now in place for bots and bot operators.

Technical news
 * When performing some administrative actions the reason field briefly gave suggestions as text was typed. This change has since been reverted so that issues with the implementation can be addressed. (T34950)
 * Following the latest RfC concluding that Pending Changes 2 should not be used on the English Wikipedia, an RfC closed with consensus to remove the options for using it from the page protection interface, a change which has now been made. (T156448)
 * The Foundation has announced a new community health initiative to combat harassment. This should bring numerous improvements to tools for admins and CheckUsers in 2017.

Arbitration
 * The Arbitration Committee released a response to the Wikimedia Foundation's statement on paid editing and outing.

Obituaries
 * JohnCD (John Cameron Deas) passed away on 30 December 2016. John began editing Wikipedia seriously during 2007 and became an administrator in November 2009.

Discuss this newsletter • Subscribe • Archive

13:36, 1 February 2017 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Durham college
Template:Durham college has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 05:12, 7 June 2017 (UTC)

Gerard Killen
Where does it say he's gay there please? Also, could you please add the info in the article (not just the category), ideally with a direct quote? Thank you.Zigzig20s (talk) 00:46, 9 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Different link: http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/incoming/rutherglen-lgbt-community-stands-strong-8195411 ed g2s • talk 00:51, 9 June 2017 (UTC)

File:Reichstag cupola night.jpg
Hello I saw you uploaded File:Reichstag cupola night.jpg back in 2004. It is missing the source and author information, would you be able to provide that. Thanks!--Cameron11598 (Talk) 00:42, 28 October 2017 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:POTD image/2007-01-01
Template:POTD image/2007-01-01 has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Frietjes (talk) 17:44, 7 November 2017 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Infobox U.S. state
Template:Infobox U.S. state has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page.  Zack mann  (Talk to me/What I been doing) 20:42, 22 February 2019 (UTC)

Enrich Wikipedia with fact-checked information: We need YOU!
Dear ED g2s, I noticed your name was under the participants' list of WikiProject United Nations. You might be interested in contributing to the advancement of this project. Here's how you can do so: 1. Select the latest CC BY SA publications for which no articles have been created yet available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_Nations/Open_Access_text/Education_publications 2. Follow the instructions available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Adding_open_license_text_to_Wikipedia 3. Add the text to Wikipedia (either by creating new articles or adding content to existing ones). Since these are available under CC BY SA, you can copy/paste content and/or edit if need be. 4. Attribute the text using the 'Free-content attribution' template in the 'Sources' section. 5. Add your contribution in the table here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_Nations/Open_Access_text/Education_publications Don't hesitate to reach out if you have any questions! Looking forward to working with you on enriching Wikipedia, one article at a time:)! C.recalde — Preceding unsigned comment added by C.recalde (talk • contribs) 14:45, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Football kit box2
Template:Football kit box2 has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Gonnym (talk) 14:38, 7 April 2019 (UTC)

ArbCom 2019 special circular

This message was sent to all administrators following a recent motion. Thank you for your attention. For the Arbitration Committee, Cameron11598 02:17, 4 May 2019 (UTC)

Administrator account security (Correction to Arbcom 2019 special circular)
ArbCom would like to apologise and correct our previous mass message in light of the response from the community.

Since November 2018, six administrator accounts have been compromised and temporarily desysopped. In an effort to help improve account security, our intention was to remind administrators of existing policies on account security — that they are required to "have strong passwords and follow appropriate personal security practices." We have updated our procedures to ensure that we enforce these policies more strictly in the future. The policies themselves have not changed. In particular, two-factor authentication remains an optional means of adding extra security to your account. The choice not to enable 2FA will not be considered when deciding to restore sysop privileges to administrator accounts that were compromised.

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For the Arbitration Committee, -Cameron11598 21:03, 4 May 2019 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Drum recorders.jpg

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Orphaned non-free image File:Norway national football team logo.png
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Non-free use of File:Sweden national football team logo.png
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MfD nomination of Wikipedia:List of Wikipedians by number of featured pictures
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Happy First Edit Day!

 Happy First Edit Day! Have a very happy first edit anniversary!

From the Birthday Committee, CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 22:13, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

Test ed g2s • talk 16:10, 28 January 2021 (UTC)

"Matrix(created universe)" listed at Redirects for discussion
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Nomination for deletion of Template:Spoken Wikipedia Category
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Nomination for deletion of Template:Float right
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Happy First Edit Day!

 Happy First Edit Day! Have a very happy first edit anniversary!

From the Birthday Committee, CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 08:56, 11 August 2021 (UTC)

Administrators will no longer be autopatrolled
A recently closed Request for Comment (RFC) reached consensus to remove Autopatrolled from the administrator user group. You may, similarly as with Edit Filter Manager, choose to self-assign this permission to yourself. This will be implemented the week of December 13th, but if you wish to self-assign you may do so now. To find out when the change has gone live or if you have any questions please visit the Administrator's Noticeboard. 20:05, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

Arsenal F.C. Featured article review
I have nominated Arsenal F.C. for a featured article review here. Please join the discussion on whether this article meets featured article criteria. Articles are typically reviewed for two weeks. If substantial concerns are not addressed during the review period, the article will be moved to the Featured Article Removal Candidates list for a further period, where editors may declare "Keep" or "Delist" the article's featured status. The instructions for the review process are here. Sandy Georgia (Talk)  19:52, 29 December 2021 (UTC)

How we will see unregistered users
Hi!

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Thank you. /Johan (WMF)

18:12, 4 January 2022 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:POTD caption/2007-01-01
Template:POTD caption/2007-01-01 has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the entry on the Templates for discussion page. WikiCleanerMan (talk) 17:41, 10 March 2022 (UTC)

New administrator activity requirement
22:52, 15 April 2022 (UTC)

ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message

 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

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Nomination for deletion of Template:Region of Ukraine
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London meetup bicententary
FYI, the 200th London Meetup is happening tomorrow, Sunday 14 January. You may be interested as you were present at the very first one (pictured)! Note that it is now at Penderel's Oak on High Holborn by the Great Turnstile. Andrew🐉(talk) 13:53, 13 January 2024 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of YafaRay

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Nomination of YafaRay for deletion
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title: User talk:Ed g2s


text:
User talk:Mdchachi

I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below: ==

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. You can learn more on the how to edit page. The naming conventions and style guide pages are also useful. There is a sandbox which you can use to experiment in. If you have any questions, see the help pages or add a question to the village pump.

Subaru VIN codes
Awesome work on the Subie VINs! Thanks! --SFoskett 15:42, Nov 12, 2004 (UTC)

Changes to Tokyo image captions
Hi there! I appreciate the updates and cleanups to the image captions on Tokyo.

I have a few questions for you though on the general feel of your updates.

1) Thanks for correcting me about the Mitsukoshi vs. San-ai mistake! That was a pretty silly mixup for me to have made.

2) A lot of the image captions feel watered-down after you removed a lot of the text. Things like changing "bounded only by ocean and uninhabitable mountains" to "clearly visible" is not nearly as interesting, since the satellite image clearly shows the settled areas in purple bounded on every side. I feel the former text is not in any way incorrect;  if you've been in the mountains outside Tokyo, you know they're not particularly inhabitable!

3) I am a fluent speaker of Japanese, and although I am not native, I feel the 宿 of 新宿 can be translated figuratively as "home". (I do agree calling it "literally" was going a bit far on my part!)  宿 doesn't have a specific English meaning on its own; instead, the ideograph conveys the idea of "a place to sleep" (not an inn in specific, really).  Since Shinjuku *is* the new financial center of Tokyo, I think it's a good poetic analogy to translate 宿 as "home".

Please let me know how you feel about this; I'd like to re-work a bit of the character into the captions again, but remain factually correct in other ways.

Thanks!

--Che Fox 03:27, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

 * Place the message on a subpage such as User:Mdchachi/Copyrights or your talk page if you'd like. As long as it is *somewhere* it will be tied to the categories that allow us to track each user who does this.  So just about anywhere will work as long as it is your username.    – Ram-Man (comment) (talk)   18:38, Dec 13, 2004 (UTC)

MXC
I don't have any objection to the split. I've just been adding and correcting information in that article (sometimes mess up on the fixes, though!) over time. Might want to start a discussion on the Takeshi's Castle talk page first; as of now, I don't see any info in it yet. Would make a good start, that's for sure! Dale Arnett 23:27, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Invitation to WikiProject Japan
As you are a member of the Japan-related topics notice board, I thought you might be interesting in helping out with our new WikiProject. We'd love to be able to tap into any particular expertise you may have in order to improve Japan-related articles here on Wikipedia. We look forward to working with you. (^_^) --日本穣 06:13, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * As part of the organization of all the Japan-related projects, the Participant list on the Japan-related topics notice board has been discontinued. If you wish to join WikiProject Japan or one of its related projects, we encourage you to visit the project page and do so. Please let me know if you have any questions. ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjo e  19:44, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Choi Kwang-Do
Choi Kwang-Do, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Choi Kwang-Do satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Choi Kwang-Do and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Choi Kwang-Do during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Nate1481(t/c) 14:09, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Mdchachi! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to this article, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 23:12, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Rupert Boneham -

Articles for deletion nomination of Kimber Sissons
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Nomination of Adaptive Server Enterprise for deletion
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The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Adaptive Server Enterprise until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Mr. Guye (talk) 00:56, 3 September 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Merger discussion for Perilla
An article that you have been involved in editing—Perilla—has been proposed for merging with another article. If you are interested, please participate in the merger discussion. Thank you. Diospireiro (talk) 10:43, 30 November 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mdchachi


text:
Mistral (wind)

The mistral (mestral, Corsican: maestrale, maestral, μαΐστρος, maestrale, majjistral) is a strong, cold, northwesterly wind that blows from southern France into the Gulf of Lion in the northern Mediterranean. It produces sustained winds averaging 31 miles an hour (50 kilometres an hour), sometimes reaching 60 miles an hour (100 kilometres an hour). It can last for several days. Periods of the wind exceeding 30 km/h for more than sixty-five hours have been reported. It is most common in the winter and spring, and strongest in the transition between the two seasons.

It affects the northeast of the plain of Languedoc and Provence to the east of Toulon, where it is felt as a strong west wind. It has a major influence all along the Mediterranean coast of France, and often causes sudden storms in the Mediterranean between Corsica and the Balearic Islands.

The name mistral comes from the Languedoc dialect of the Occitan and means "masterly". The same wind is called mistrau in the Provençal variant of Occitan, mestral in Catalan, maestrale in Italian and Corsican, maistràle or bentu maestru in Sardinian, and majjistral in Maltese.

The mistral is usually accompanied by clear, fresh weather, and it plays an important role in creating the climate of Provence. It can reach speeds of more than 90 km/h, particularly in the Rhône Valley. Its average speed during the day can reach about 50 km/h, calming noticeably at night. The mistral usually blows in winter or spring, though it occurs in all seasons. It sometimes lasts only one or two days, frequently lasts several days, and sometimes lasts more than a week.

Cause

The mistral takes place each time there is an anticyclone, or area of high pressure, in the Bay of Biscay, and an area of low pressure around the Gulf of Genoa. When this happens, the flow of air between the high and low pressure areas draws in a current of cold air from the north which accelerates through the lower elevations between the foothills of the Alps and the Cevennes. The conditions for a mistral are even more favorable when a cold rainy front has crossed France from the northwest to the southeast as far as the Mediterranean. This cold, dry wind usually causes a period of cloudless skies and luminous sunshine, which gives the mistral its reputation for making the sky especially clear. There is also, however, the mistral noir, which brings clouds and rain. The mistral noir occurs when the Azores High is extended and draws in unusually moist air from the northwest.

The long and enclosed shape of the Rhône Valley, and the Venturi effect of funnelling the air through a narrowing space, is frequently cited as the reason for the speed and force of the mistral, but the reasons are apparently more complex. The mistral reaches its maximum speed not at the narrowest part of the Rhône Valley, south of Valence, but much farther south, where the Valley has widened. Also, the wind occurs not just in the Valley, but high above in the atmosphere, up to the troposphere, 3 km above the earth. The mistral is very strong at the summit of Mont Ventoux, 1900 meters (6300') in elevation, though the plain below is very wide. Other contributing factors to the strength of the mistral are the accumulation of masses of cold air, whose volume is greater, pouring down the mountains and valleys to the lower elevations. This is similar to a foehn wind, but unlike a foehn wind the descent in altitude does not significantly warm the mistral. The causes and characteristics of the mistral are very similar to those of the Tramontane, another wind of the French Mediterranean region.

In France, the mistral particularly affects Provence, Languedoc east of Montpellier, as well as all of the Rhône Valley from Lyon to Marseille, and as far southeast as Corsica and Sardinia. The mistral usually blows from the north or northwest, but in certain pre-alpine valleys and along the Côte d'Azur, the wind is channelled by the mountains so that it blows from east to west. Sometimes it also blows from the north-northeast toward the east of Languedoc as far as Cap Béar. Frequently, the mistral will affect only one part of the region.

In the Languedoc area, where the tramontane is the strongest wind, the mistral and the tramontane blow together onto the Gulf of Lion and the northwest of the western Mediterranean, and can be felt to the east of the Balearic Islands, in Sardinia, and sometimes as far as the coast of Africa.

When the mistral blows from the west, the mass of air is not so cold and the wind only affects the plain of the Rhône delta and the Côte d'Azur. The good weather is confined to the coast of the Mediterranean, while it can rain in the interior. The Côte d'Azur generally has a clear sky and warmer temperatures. This type of mistral usually blows for no more than one to three days.

The mistral originating from the northeast has a very different character; it is felt only in the west of Provence and as far as Montpellier, with the wind coming from either a northerly or north-northeasterly direction. In the winter this is by far the coldest form of the mistral. The wind can blow for more than a week. This kind of mistral is often connected with a low pressure area in the Gulf of Genoa, and it can bring unstable weather to the Côte d'Azur and the east of Provence, sometimes bringing heavy snow to low altitudes in winter.

When the flow of air comes from the northeast due to a widespread low pressure area over the Atlantic and atmospheric disturbances over France, the air is even colder at both high altitudes and ground level, and the mistral is even stronger, and the weather worse, with the creation of cumulus clouds bringing weak storms. This kind of mistral is weaker in the east of Provence and the Côte d'Azur.

The mistral is not always synonymous with clear skies. When a low pressure front over the Mediterranean approaches the coast from the southeast, the weather can change quickly for the worse, and the mistral and its clear sky changes rapidly to an east wind bringing humid air and threatening clouds. The position of the low-pressure front creates a flow of air from the northwest or the northeast, channeled through the Rhône Valley. If this low-pressure area moves back toward the southeast, the mistral will quickly clear the air and the good weather will return; but if the cold-weather front continues to approach the land, bad weather will continue for several days in the entire Mediterranean basin, sometimes transforming into what French meteorologists call an épisode cévenol, a succession of torrential rains and floods, particularly in the areas west of the Rhône Valley: the Ardèche, the Gard, Hérault and Lozère.

The summer mistral, unlike the others, is created by purely local conditions. It usually happens in July, and only in the valley of the Rhône and on the coast of Provence. It is caused by a thermal depression over the interior of Provence (The Var and Alpes de Haute-Provence), created when the land is overheated. This creates a flow of air from the north toward the east of Provence. This wind is frequently cancelled out close to the coast by the breezes from the sea. It does not blow for more than a single day, but it is feared in Provence, because it dries the vegetation and it can spread forest fires.

Effects

The mistral helps explain the unusually sunny climate (2700 to 2900 hours of sunshine a year) and clarity of the air of Provence. When other parts of France have clouds and storms, Provence is rarely affected for long, since the mistral quickly clears the sky. In less than two hours, the sky can change from completely covered to completely clear. The mistral also blows away the dust, and makes the air particularly clear, so that during the mistral it is possible to see mountains 150 km and farther away. This clarity of the air and light is one of the features that attracted many French impressionist and post-impressionist artists to the South of France.

The mistral has the reputation of bringing good health, since the dry air dries stagnant water and the mud, giving the mistral the local name mange-fange (Eng. "mud-eater"). It also blows away pollution from the skies over the large cities and industrial areas.

The sunshine and dryness brought by the mistral have an important effect on the local vegetation. The vegetation in Provence, which is already dry because of the small amount of rainfall, is made even drier by the wind, which makes it particularly susceptible to fires, which the wind spreads very rapidly, sometimes devastating vast expanses of mountainside before being extinguished. During the summer, thousands of hectares can burn when the mistral is blowing.

In the Rhône Valley and on the plain of la Crau, the regularity and force of the mistral causes the trees to grow leaning to the south. Once the forest has been razed by fire, the strong wind makes it difficult for new trees to grow. The farmers of the Rhône Valley have long planted rows of cypress trees to shelter their crops from the dry force of the mistral. The mistral can also have beneficial effects—the moving air can save crops from the spring frost, which can last until the end of April.

As summer visitors to the beach in Provence learn, the summer mistral can quickly lower the temperature of the sea, as the wind pushes the warm water near the surface out to sea and it is replaced by colder water from greater depths.

Beyond France
The mistral regularly affects the weather in Sardinia and sometimes also affects the weather in North Africa, Sicily and Malta and other parts of the Mediterranean, particularly when low-pressure areas form in the Gulf of Genoa. The winds create a physically cold, salty ocean body that sinks in the Gulf of Lion when certain weather conditions are present.

Maestral or maestro in the Adriatic
Similar names—maestral or maestro—are used for (although also mostly northwestern) a quite different wind in the Adriatic Sea. It is an anabatic sea-breeze wind which blows in the summer when the east Adriatic coast gets warmer than the sea. It is thus a mild sea-to-coast wind, unlike the mistral. The strong katabatic wind there is the northeastern bora.

In Greece, it is also known as maïstros or maïstráli. In southwestern Crete, it is considered the most beneficial wind, said to blow only in daytime.

In Provençal culture
The mistral played an important part in the life and culture of Provence from the beginning. Excavations at the prehistoric site called Terra Amata, at the foot of Mount Boron in Nice, showed that in about 40,000 B.C. the inhabitants had built a low wall of rocks and beach stones to the northwest of their fireplace to protect their fire from the power of the mistral.

The mas (farmhouse) traditionally faces south, with its back to the mistral. The bell towers of villages in Provence are often open iron frameworks, which allow the wind to pass through. The traditional Provençal Nativity scene usually includes a figure of a shepherd holding his hat, with his cloak blowing in the mistral.

A Fête du Vent (Festival of Wind) is held periodically on the Prado Beach in Marseille.

title: Mistral (wind)


text:
Smooth

Smooth may refer to:

Mathematics

 * Smooth function, a function that is infinitely differentiable; used in calculus and topology
 * Smooth manifold, a differentiable manifold for which all the transition maps are smooth functions
 * Smooth algebraic variety, an algebraic variety with no singular points
 * Smooth number, a number whose prime factors are all less than a certain value; used in applications of number theory
 * Smoothsort, a sorting algorithm
 * "Analysis of the Jane Curve", an applied mathematics article by Norbert Schappacher referring to a surface that is infinitely smooth.

Music

 * Smooth (singer), Juanita Stokes, American singer, rapper and actress
 * Smooth (Smooth album), 1995
 * Smooth (Gerald Albright album), 1994
 * "Smooth" (Florida Georgia Line song), 2017
 * "Smooth" (iiO song), 2004
 * "Smooth" (Santana song), featuring Rob Thomas, 1999
 * "Smooth", a mashup by Neil Cicierega from Mouth Moods, 2017

Other media

 * Smooth (magazine), an American publication for young black men
 * Smooth Radio (disambiguation), UK radio station networks
 * smoothfm, an Australian radio network
 * Foxtel Smooth, a defunct Australian pay-television music channel

title: Smooth


text:
Polyene

In organic chemistry, polyenes are poly-unsaturated, organic compounds that contain at least three alternating double (C\dC) and single (C\sC) carbon–carbon bonds. These carbon–carbon double bonds interact in a process known as conjugation, resulting in some unusual optical properties. Related to polyenes are dienes, where there are only two alternating double and single bonds.

The following polyenes are used as antimycotics for humans: amphotericin B, nystatin, candicidin, pimaricin, methyl partricin, and trichomycin.

Optical properties
Some polyenes are brightly colored, an otherwise rare property for a hydrocarbon. Normally alkenes absorb in the ultraviolet region of a spectrum, but the absorption energy state of polyenes with numerous conjugated double bonds can be lowered such that they enter the visible region of the spectrum, resulting in compounds which are coloured (because they contain a chromophore). Thus many natural dyes contain linear polyenes.

Chemical and electrical properties
Polyenes tend to be more reactive than simpler alkenes. For example, polyene-containing triglycerides are reactive towards atmospheric oxygen. Polyacetylene, which partially oxidized or reduced, exhibits high electrical conductivity. Most conductive polymers are polyenes, and many have conjugated structures. Poly(aza)acetylenes are readily prepared from pyridine precursors without the necessity of a controlled atmosphere, simply by ultraviolet irradiation of a mixture of pyridine and poly(4-vinyl) pyridine. Recent research at the Weizmann Institute and Aix-Marseille University showed a clear transition between ionic and electronic conductivity with increasing UV dose over 30 hours.

Occurrence
A few fatty acids are polyenes. Another class of important polyenes are polyene antimycotics,

title: Polyene


text:
Kathy Stinson

Kathy Stinson (born 1952) is a Canadian children's writer.

Life
Stinson was born in Toronto, taught elementary school there and studied at the University of Toronto.

She lives in Rockwood, Ontario with her partner Peter Carver, a retired editor.

Reception
A Season of Sorrow was said to be "delightfully written with very down-to-earth and realistically portrayed characters" by Tracy's Book Nook. In 2015, Today's Parent magazine named Red is Best one of the 8 best Canadian books for babies and toddlers.

title: Kathy Stinson


text:
Robert Sward

Robert Sward (23 June 1933 – 21 February 2022) was an American and Canadian poet and novelist.

Jack Foley, in his introduction to Sward's Collected Poems, 1957–2004, called him, "in truth, a citizen, at heart, of both countries. At once a Canadian and American poet, one with a foot in both worlds, Sward also inhabits an enormous in-between."

Early years
Sward was born on 23 June 1933 and raised in Chicago, Illinois. He began writing poetry at the age of 15 when he became involved with a street gang and used rhyming couplets in his notes to the other gang members. He graduated from Von Steuben High School at 17 and quit his job as a soda jerk in a pharmacy to join the United States Navy. In 1952, he was stationed in Korea on an amphibious ship, LST 914. A Yeoman 3rd Class, Sward soon became the head of the ship's library, while serving in the combat zone during the Korean War.

University
He taught at Cornell University, 1964–65, where he first experimented with computer-generated poetry and served on the editorial board of Epoch. He went on to teach at the Iowa Writers' Workshop, the University of Victoria, and the University of California, Santa Cruz.

Working in media
In the 1980s, he worked for the CBC, where he interviewed and produced 60-minute radio features on Leonard Cohen, Margaret Atwood, Earle Birney, John Robert Colombo, Al Purdy, Gwendolyn MacEwen, and other leading Canadian figures. His Quill & Quire interview with Nobel prize winner, Saul Bellow, was widely read. Sward also worked as journalist, book reviewer and feature writer for The Toronto Star, The Globe and Mail, and The Financial Times in Toronto, Ontario while living on the Toronto Islands. He received a Canada Council grant to research and write The Toronto Islands (1983), a best-selling (Source: Dreadnaught Press publisher, 1983) illustrated history of a unique community, from prehistoric times to the present.

Awards
A Fulbright Scholar and Guggenheim Fellow, he was chosen by Lucille Clifton to receive a Villa Montalvo Literary Arts Award and was the author of 30 books of poetry, fiction and nonfiction. He was published widely in numerous anthologies and traditional literary magazines, such as The New Yorker, Poetry Chicago, and The Hudson Review. Sward later worked as technical writer and editor for Santa Cruz Operation (SCO), and served as "bridge person" between traditional hard copy academic periodicals and literary eZines.

In September 2016, at Second Annual Voices of the River Poetry Celebration, supported by a grant from Arts Council Santa Cruz County, sponsored by Bookshop Santa Cruz, Poetry Santa Cruz and the Coastal Watershed Council, Robert Sward was named Poet Laureate of Santa Cruz County, 2016–2018.

The preceding Poets Laureate included Gary Young, David Swanger and Ellen Bass

Internet publishing
He began publishing on the Internet in the late 1980s and early 90s with appearances in Alsop Review, Blue Moon Review, Web de Sol, X-Connect, eSCENE, Fiction Online, Hawk, Realpoetik, and Zero City. His essay, "Why I Publish in e-Zines", appeared online in 1995 and has been widely reprinted. Sward's "Earthquake Collage," impressions, news items, poetry, and facts regarding the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and its aftermath, appeared in "Pathways to the Past, Adventures in Santa Cruz County History, History Journal Number 6," Museum of Art and History, Santa Cruz, CA, April 2009.

Sward had an active personal website: www.robertsward.com Sward created MonoBlogAlz.com as a memorial for his late wife Gloria K. Alford 1928–2017, a well known West Coast visual artist.

Books
Sward's first book, Uncle Dog & Other Poems (1962), was published by Putnam & Co. in England. It was followed by Kissing the Dancer (Cornell University Press, 1964), with an Introduction by Pulitzer Prize poet William Meredith. The Carleton Miscellany reviewed the book saying, "In the animal poems there is a bravery in the face of our limitations, a warmth for our absurdities, a way of life to be gleaned from our failings and ineptitudes... a self-critique that turns our freakishness into an ironic source of fulfillment and transcendence." Source: Theodore Holmes in "The Carleton Miscellany" 1964. The poem, "Uncle Dog: The Poet At 9", has been frequently anthologized and Sward continues to write about exotic animals and dogs in particular. Animated videos of these works (mini-movies with poetry) employ avatars, digital representations of the poet and his subjects, and appear in DVD format and online at Blue's Cruzio Cafe.

A key theme in his last books, Rosicrucian in the Basement (2001), Heavenly Sex (2002), The Collected Poems, 1957–2004 (2004), and God is in the Cracks (2006), is fathers and sons. Sward's father, Dr. Irving M. Sward, was a podiatrist and something of a mystic, combining his practice of Rosicrucianism with a study of the Kabbalah. Of Rosicrucian in the Basement, Robert Bly writes, 'There are many mysteries between father and son that people don't talk about... There's much leaping [in Sward's poetry], but each line, so to speak, steps on something solid.' In commenting on the father and son series Dana Gioia adds, "The CD is terrific... Rosicrucian in the Basement unfolds perfectly at its own pace and never loses the listener." Source: Robert Sward: Poetry, Review & Interview with Jack Foley, Recorded for KPFA-FM Berkeley, CA with readings from Heavenly Sex & Rosicrucian in the Basement (2002), Uncle Dog Audio, Number 1002 (2002), and The Collected Poems, Black Moss Press,1957–2004 (2004).

Garrison Keillor selected God is in the Cracks, one of the father and son poems and title poem of Sward's 2006 collection, for broadcast on his radio show "Writer's Almanac."

Family
Sward and his life-partner, visual artist Gloria K. Alford (1928–2017), lived in Santa Cruz, California, where he took up residence in 1985, after fourteen years living and working in Canada, primarily in Victoria, B.C. (1969–1979) and on the Toronto Islands (1979–1985). A member of the League of Canadian Poets starting in 1975, Sward toured Canada with each of his new books, reviewed and helped bring noted Canadian writers to the U.S.

His literary correspondence and papers are housed at University Libraries, Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Special Collections, Olin Library, St. Louis, MO 63130. (WTU00110). Additionally Robert's papers are collected at the National Library of Canada (now Library and Archives Canada) in Ottawa, and at the University of Victoria library, Special Collections, in Victoria, British Columbia.

Death
Sward died on 21 February 2022.

Selected bibliography

 * 1958 Advertisements – Odyssey Chapbook Publications
 * 1962 Uncle Dog and Other Poems – Putnam & Company, LTD London, England
 * 1964 Kissing the Dancer and Other Poems – (Introduction by William Meredith), Cornell University Press
 * 1965 Thousand-Year-Old Fiancée and Other Poems – Cornell University Press
 * 1970 Horgbortom Stringbottom I Am Yours You are History – Swallow Press
 * 1970 Hannah's Cartoon – Soft Press, Victoria, BC
 * 1970 Quorum/Noah – (with Mike Doyle) Soft Press
 * 1971 Gift – Soft Press
 * 1971 Innocence – 1950 – Soft Press
 * 1973 Vancouver Island Poems – (editor / anthology), Soft Press
 * 1975 The Jurassic Shales – Coach House Press Toronto
 * 1975 Five Iowa Poems – Stonewall Press signed, numbered edition
 * 1978 Honey Bear on Lasqueti Island, B.C. – Soft Press
 * 1982 12 Poems – Soft Press
 * 1983 The Toronto Islands – Dreadnaught Press Toronto
 * 1983 Half a Life's History: Selected Poems – Aya Press Toronto
 * 1983 Movies: Left to Right – Southwestern Ontario Poetry
 * 1984 The Three Roberts – (with Robert Priest and Robert Zend ), HMS Press Toronto
 * 1985 "Poet Santa Cruz" – Jazz Press
 * 1991 Four Incarnations: New and Selected Poems, 1957–1991 – Coffee House Press
 * 1996 A Much-Married Man – Ekstasis Editions, Victoria, BC
 * 2000 T.S. Eliot's Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock – Bedford Books
 * 2001 Rosicrucian in the Basement – (Introduction by William Minor), Black Moss Press
 * 2001 Three Dogs and a Parrot – Small Poetry Press, Concord, California
 * 2003 Heavenly Sex: New & Selected Poems – Black Moss Press
 * 2006 The Collected Poems of Robert Sward 1957–2004 – 2004, 2006 now in its second printing (Introduction by Jack Foley) – Black Moss Press
 * 2006 God is in the Cracks, A Narrative in Voices – Black Moss Press
 * 2011 New & Selected Poems, 1957–2011 – Red Hen Press

title: Robert Sward


text:
User:Eric0970

Hi, Eric.

We'd rather have a general article on your company -- which you are free to write and contribute -- than an "advertising circular" or press release.

Would you please supply a URL at least, so we can help you write about your company?

--Uncle Ed 19:19, 12 Aug 2003 (UTC)

At the moment, I can't see any purpose in adding an article about this guy's company. Vancouverguy 19:22, 12 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * Yeah, maybe not, but I wonder if it's the same as Excel Education Centers, Inc. --Uncle Ed 19:24, 12 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * I doubt if it is. Vancouverguy 19:25, 12 Aug 2003 (UTC)

title: User:Eric0970