text:
Talk:Senary

hands
What does:

Base 6 can be counted on hands by using each hand as a digit (0 to 5).

mean? I assume the second 'hand' is a mistake. Tompagenet 10:33, 5 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * It was probably a presumption that you count 1-6 instead of 0-5... Dysprosia 10:34, 5 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * What is probably meant is: Take your right hand, close it. This is "0". Open one finger, this is "1", etc. Open all five fingers, this is "5". So on one hand you can handle one "senary digit". With two hands you can count from 0 to 35 (= 55(6)). --SirJective 12:04, 21 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * This is precisely what I meant Karl Palmen 15:23, 21 Nov 2003 UT

prime numbers
So this article implies, if p is prime, then p mod6 = 1 or p mod 6 = 5 ... can we get a link to an article or reference for this? linas 01:10, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Dohh, never mind, its obvious. linas 00:38, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

errors
All prime numbers besides 2 and 3 end in either 1 or 5. Did the definition of Prime Number change? What happened to only being divisible by 1 or itself? What about 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 37, 43, 47, 53, 59, 67, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 103, 107, 109, 113, ...? malachid69 08:14, 9 Aug 2005 (UTC)

 * That's base 10 not base 6. The statement is that p mod 6 is congruent to 1 or 5. The article wording should be changed to say "congruent" exactly in order to avoid this confusion. linas 00:38, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

big errors
There is a big mistake in this page. No number ending in 5 (except for 5 itself) is a prime number. Every single number with 5 as the final digit can be devided by 5. A correct list of prime numbers would be 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, etc.

I also noticed that there are quite some known perfect numbers that don't have 44 as the final two digits, like 28, 496 and 8128.

I don't know who wrote this page, but his maths are worse than mine, and people should not try to write articles about things they don't know about.

I am not great at maths, so I have no idea how I should correct this error and I don't have a clue what Senary would be good for, but I just thought I'd write this down here so someone who does know can correct the error here and then delete my message.

''(The above message was posted on the main article page by . I'm just moving it here. - ulayiti (talk)  12:00, 20 August 2005 (UTC))

 * The poster didn't have a clue. However, everyone who reads this article seems to trip over this, so I will try to fix the article in just a moment. linas 15:56, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, I think I fixed it for good. linas 16:15, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

consistency errors
I was looking through the other numeral systems, and I saw the box on the right that had all of the numeral systems in a single easy-to-use box, I would put it in myself, but i don't know how... example: Unary numeral system 18:37, 26 August 2005

Confusion
This entry is almost incomprehensible for a layman. As a layman who knows nothing about numbers and number systems, maybe someone could edit this so that someone who doesn't know what base 6 is could understand it? Isn't that the point of Wikipedia? This entry is useless to someone with limited knowledge of math terminology, symbology. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 131.96.28.51 (talk) 00:58, 27 April 2007 (UTC).

A layman could click on numeral system or base early in the article to get information necessary for understanding the article. Karl 10:03, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

"Furthermore, all known perfect numbers besides 6 itself have 44 as the final two digits"
This means nothing. Every number (2n-1)2n-1 with n = odd number > 2 has 44 as the final digits in base 6. The even perfect numbers are only a part of these numbers. --Zumthie (talk) 23:46, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

So does every power of 10 besides ten itself. I disagree that such an argument makes the statement meaningless. Which other bases have all known perfect numbers besides 6 ending with the same two digits? Karl (talk) 11:33, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

 * See base 2:

--Zumthie (talk) 23:00, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

55 base 6
556 ends in a 5 but is 3510 which is certainly not a prime number.

70.171.113.214 (talk) 13:31, 15 March 2010 (UTC)

 * All primes end in 1 or 5, not all numbers ending in 1 or 5 are prime. — sligocki (talk) 04:03, 17 March 2010 (UTC)

 * "All primes end in 1 or 5"
 * "Allow me to introduce myself."
 * -The Number 3 (talk) 13:22, 26 August 2022 (UTC)
 * -The Number 3 (talk) 13:22, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

proof
Just wondering who proved that all prime numbers end in 1 or 5 when written in base 6 (or whether it is proved). The article states it without any sources or proof. A citation would also be useful for the claim that all known perfect numbers (when written in senary) end in 44. 122.107.15.145 (talk) 11:18, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

 * It is analogous to the reason that no prime numbers in decimal end in 2, 4, 5, 6, 8. Here's a proof: any number in base 6 is of the form $$x = a_0 + a_1 * 6 + a_2 * 6^2 + a_3 * 6^3 + ... = a_0 + 6 * (a_1 + a_2 * 6 + a_3 * 6^2 + ...) = a_0 + 6k$$, where k is an integer (here $$a_n$$ are the senary digits). Thus if $$a_0$$ is divisible by 2 or 3, then $$x = a_0 + 6k$$ is divisible by 2 or 3. 1 and 5 are the only senary digits that are not divisible by 2 or 3, so all primes (other than 2 and 3) have last senary digit 1 or 5. Cheers, — sligocki (talk) 01:22, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

 * It is well known, that all even perfact numbers are the product of a Mersenne prime and half of one plus that Mersenne prime. The powers of four besides 1 end in either 04 or 24 in senary. This can be proven by induction. Doubling these numbers and subtacting 1, leads to a set of numbers that contains all Mersenne primes besides 3 and they end in 11 or 51 respectively. When the respective numbers are multiplied one always get a number ending in 44. 44 is an automorphic number in senary just as 76 is in decimal. Karl (talk) 12:14, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks. The proof should be included in the article though. 122.107.15.145 (talk) 12:35, 13 April 2010 (UTC)

Senary calculator please
At "Fractions" section I see senary digits. Please, where I can find a senary calculator? Not a base convertor, a calculator. For example what is senary for 1.618...(phi in base 10)? :) Bigshotnews 19:01, 16 October 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bigshotnews (talk • contribs)
 * The golden ratio begins 1.34125455435343145134223514... in base 6, or 1.m8yzrxravmena... in base 36 (compressed senary). Wolfram Alpha should work as a calculator in whatever base you want (just type "in base 6" or something similar at the end of your query). Double sharp (talk) 15:06, 29 January 2015 (UTC)

senary addition and multiplication tables
Hi editors,

I tried to add a link to djvrilyuk.com/sex.html, containing senary addition and multiplication tables, and a simple converter also. The link was deleted by Quiddity, see []

I still think it should be posted.

Yura.vrilyuk (talk) 16:15, 3 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I don't see a problem posting this link, though we do not want to end up with links to every converter calculator, etc. Bcharles (talk) 15:24, 22 July 2013 (UTC)

Merge from base 36
As base 36 is based on a six squared, it is essentially a notation for two senary digits. It would best be covered as a section of the senary article. Bcharles (talk) 03:52, 12 July 2013 (UTC)

 * This doesn't seem like a good idea as the two systems are sufficiently different that they deserve separate treatment.
 * Base 36 notation represents the two senary digits by a single alphanumeric digit; in fact it's a notation for representing arbitrary numbers (which are usually not senary at all).
 * Base 36 has a number of practical computer applications, while base six arose in totally different historical traditions.
 * In sum, combination doesn't seem to have any real advantages. --SteveMcCluskey (talk) 15:27, 19 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Both of these reasons point to "base36" encoding scheme rather than a base 36 numerical system. Perhaps it would be best to have "base 36" as an article focused on encoding with an "about (positional numeral system)" template linked to senary; similar to "base 64" with link to binary. Bcharles (talk) 20:52, 19 July 2013 (UTC)

 * If you operated that policy you may as well merge binary with hexadecimal!!! YOU CANNOT MERGE DIFFERENT BASES. Properties of base 6 like the ending digit of prime numbers DO NOT APPLY TO BASE 36. This is an awful idea. Bellezzasolo (talk) 20:50, 25 February 2014 (UTC)
 * They apply similarly. In base 6 all even perfect numbers end with "44", apart from 6 itself; thus they must end in "S" in base-36. In base 6 all prime numbers except 2 and 3 end in "[x]1" or "[x]5", so in base 36 they must end in 1, 5, 7, B, D, H, J, N, P, T, V, or Z. One place in base-36 exactly corresponds two places in base-6, and so such numbers can be converted easily. In fact, hexadecimal is today mostly popular simply because it has this relationship with binary! The only reason octal and hexadecimal are covered separately is that they're both popular enough in their own right. With base-36, which is large and thus obviously unpopular, a merge with its little sister base 6 seems more appropriate. Double sharp (talk) 15:24, 28 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Merged sections of base 36 into senary (the mathematical properties) and base36 (the compression scheme). Double sharp (talk) 17:26, 28 March 2015 (UTC)

Lead
I think the lead needs a major rewrite. In addition to what I just changed (using standard modular arithmetic notation), there needs to be a break separating the basic mathematical properties from the summary. I'm not sure the proof that all primes "end" in 1 or 5 should be in the article, but I'm sure it shouldn't be in the lead. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 19:01, 23 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I moved most of the lead into a section on 'mathematical properties', reordered the sections and rewrote the lead section. I am lost reading the standard modular notation.  Can you add some brief explication. Bcharles (talk) 23:45, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

Base 36 Redirect
I'm not sure, but I think it would be more logical to redirect "Base 36" to Base36 rather than Senary. WikiWisePowder (talk) 20:17, 9 November 2015 (UTC)

The Playstation controller and the symbols for the digits 1 to 5
This isn't from an official source - just my own thoughts: the 4 symbols on the PlayStation Controller can be used to represent the digits 1 to 4 according to how many lines they have: circle: 1, cross: 2, triangle: 3, square: 4. Then 5 could be a pentagon or pentagram (I prefer the pentagram). Then 0 would mean 0 lines - so a dot or an empty space. (10 years ago someone also realized the connection between the 4 digits and the symbols here Zephyr103 (talk) 01:46, 8 May 2019 (UTC)

Vague/Dubious Claim in Intro
The quote in the intro “[Senary] has a high degree of mathematical properties for its size.” seems quite vague with the implication being that because it has a ‘lot’ of ‘mathematical properties,’ it is a superior base system. Perhaps Senary does have a lot of properties, but imho, the reader shouldn't be told about them in this vague and semi-mystical way. Am I off base here? And could someone with more number theoretical knowledge either remove the claim or find a better way to convey the sentiment? Bhbuehler (talk) 17:06, 19 September 2021 (UTC)

 * I agree. "high degree of mathematical properties" sounds like an empty statement.  How would you measure the degree of mathematical properties of something?  The two following sentences give concrete arguments in favor of using senary, so I don't think the article would lose anything if this one were deleted. Justin Kunimune (talk) 17:24, 19 September 2021 (UTC)

Divisibility Tests from Duodecimal
27 is my favorite number. You can ask me why here. 22:35, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

Major alphanumeric combination "ZZZZZZZZZZZZ"
"4,738,381,338,321,616,895" is the major number who corresponds to the 12-character alphanumber "ZZZZZZZZZZZZ" (base 36). The total of alphanumbers from "0" to "ZZZZZZZZZZZZ" is of "4,738,381,338,321,616,896". The dodecadigital alphanumbers are used in passwords, for example.

 * Number-Base Radix Converter (Sooeet)

179.111.146.84 (talk) 14:26, 5 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Senary


text:
19th January (film)

19th January is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language drama film written and directed by Sanjay Amar. Produced by Deepmala Tanwar the film presents a fictional storyline centred around the 1990 exodus of Kashmiri Hindus from Indian-administered Kashmir. It stars Deepti Naval, K. K. Raina, Madhuri Bhatia, Prashantt Guptha, Bidita Baig in pivotal roles.

Premise
19th January depicts the exodus and the events leading up to the exodus followed the rise of violence in an insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir as a genocide. The film follows the journey of a child who grows up in strife-torn Kashmir to become a popular musician, and showcases events leading to an investigation about his identity, and his family's turmoil.

Cast

 * Deepti Naval as Naseema
 * K. K. Raina as Prof. Bashir Ahmed
 * Madhuri Bhatia as Senior NIA cop
 * Mumtaz Ahmad as Fanatic
 * Bidita Bag	as Masrat
 * Attique Multani	as NIA chief
 * Prashantt Guptha as NIA cop
 * Mukul Nag as Saint
 * Mohd. Muneem Nazir	as Owais Ahmad
 * Ashraf Shawl as Prof. Krishan Mujoo
 * Hridyanshu Slathia young Owais Ahmad

Reception
The film was premiered at the Festival Of Globe in Silicon Valley, San Francisco, United States where it received a standing ovation.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 19th January (film)


text:
Talk:Sunderland/Archive 1

Diversity
In addition to Sunderland being a fantastic warm and friendly place to live, it is also very diverse and does have an ever growing Gay Population. Visit www.freewebs.com/sunderlandgay/

Status
A City????? how can you have a city without a cathedral?,never mind a cinema

 * I think Sunderland's sheer size was the basis for its gaining city status.

A quesion like this must come from a Novocastrian. Is this fine Parliamentary City being denigrated by a citizen of that Royalist Tyneside hamlet. We whose fame and wealth derive from the honest toil of our worthy citizens and a love of Lord Protector Cromwell and not royal monopolies? :)  garryq 12:17, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Flying Boats
I'm pretty sure that Sunderland was the last name of one of the developers of the sunderland flying boat. I can't find any source other than Wikipedia, indicating that the craft was named after the city of Sunderland. (I remember my grandfather telling me stories about meeting Sunderland in a restauraunt by chance after the war.) Could someone verify the origin of the name for the Sunderland. Is there another amphibious aircraft with the name of Sunderland? Sennheiser! 17:42, 7 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I posted this question to rec.aviation.military and got a response: Here is an abridged version of the response i got: > > "Edward Senft" I'm pretty sure that Sunderland was the > last name of > > one of the designers of the sunderland flying boat. I > > can't find any source other than a Wikipedia article > > concerning the origin of the name. This article indicates that > > that the craft was named after the city of Sunderland. I believe this > > is incorrect, however. (I remember my grandfather telling me stories > > about > > meeting Sunderland and talking about the flying boat he designed.) > > Could someone verify the origin of the name for the Sunderland. Thank > > you for your time! > > > > Edward Senft > > Short named its aircraft after cities, i.e. > Singapore, Sunderland, Seaford,Stirling > Close. Brit Flying boats of the time were named after "Coastal towns and seaports of the British Empire". Alliterative names were preferred, and if there was indeed a Mr Sunderland on the design team, then I wouldn't be that surprised. Officially, it would be after the town. A quick google didn't bring up any mention of a Mr Sunderland at Short however, and it is the sort of thing that you would expect to get mentioned in passing.

Sunderland and County Durham
As the convention notes Tyne & Wear exists as a county I haved changed "urban area" to "metropolitan County".

The city cannot be in two counties, so I have changed "is part of the traditional county" to "was part of the traditional county".

I have tidied the attempt to describe a part of the city and its population.

I have also changed "metropolitan borough" to "metropolitan district". The UK Local Government Act 1972 created "districts". Urban areas could petition the Queen to become known as boroughs or cities, as appropriate. Thus Sunderland was known as a Borough from 1974-1992, and a City since then. Metropoolitan district thus covers areas with disparate nomenclature.

I want to put a copy of the City's coat of arms on this page. Any objections? I'm sure no permission is needed to display the arms, unless its done so as to make it appear that wikipedia is the City of Sunderland :) Nevertheless I have asked the City Solicitor for permission, as the photograph may be seperately copyright.

garryq 23:44, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC) aka Me

 * "Was in the traditional county" makes no sense. Sunderland was in the administrative county of Durham, but it remains in the traditional county. Places can certainly be in more than one "county" - a fact evidenced by the frequent (and necessary) distinction between 'ceremonial counties' and 'administrative counties' made in many other articles (and not by me!). Traditional, administrative, ceremonial and registration counties are all completely different entities, and naturally they are not necessarily the same for any given town or city.
 * I conceed that 'Tyne and Wear' technically wasn't abolished, so I have linked metropolitan county. 80.255 17:08, 16 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I disagree. The "traditional" County Durham is not an area that exists of itself. It is merely a term that describes the county before 1974. Despite the claims of the ABC, that county has ceased to exist. Thus, Sunderland was part of county Durham; it is now part of Tyne and Wear County. The fact that the feudal system relied on natural features for boundaries does not give the old counties immortality. Almost all counties came existence as administrative counties. Cornwall, a Celtic nation, is an exception, but perhaps the village pump is a better place to discuss that concept for the whole of England. Claiming that the frequent (and necessary) distinction between 'ceremonial counties' and 'administrative counties' made in many other articles confirms your contention that "traditional" County Durham exists and can be described in the present tense is either incomplete or worthless. Again, an argument I am developing to discuss elsewhere, rather than restrict it to this City's page. garryq 11:44, 18 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Whether you like it or not, the traditional county of Durham (such that was used for administrative purposes prior to 1888) has never been abolished. Hence it exists (as all legal entities that have never been abolished do, de jure). The term "traditional county" does not refer to pre-1974 administrative boundaries - these were administrative counties - different entities in their own right (which 1888 legislation explicitly implied co-existed with historic (of "ancient") counties) that differed in many respects from the historic counties with which they shared a name. If you want to refer to 1888-1974 administrative boundaries, then write 1888-1974 administrative counties - don't write trdaitional/historic counties because the boundaries of these are not the same! 80.255 00:16, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Moving
Why exacly has this been moved from 'Sunderland' to 'City of Sunderland' no other page about a city has been moved like this. G-Man 11:33, 22 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * There is another settlement (a tiny village) called "Sunderland" in Northumberlamd, although I hardly think it merits the main article space. However, if Sunderland is technically now called "City of Sunderland" and the article should carry this name. 80.255 00:20, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I moved it because there are several other Sunderlands - along with North Sunderland, Sunderland Bridge etc. They do not warrant individual articles, although I should get an article on them combined, then change the redirect to a first sentence reference. garryq 09:25, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Well surely anyone looking up 'Sunderland' is by far most likely to mean the city in the North East rather than any other place called Sunderland. If there are other places called Sunderland then you should set up a disambiguation page and link it to the main Sunderland article. G-Man 22:08, 25 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Old County Durham is no more
No matter what the traditionalists and apologists of the ABC et al think, the traditional County Durham does not exist. References to it in the present tense are senseless. The item I have reverted today had to stand logic, and previous claims, on their head in order to push this antediluvian view, not only made this present tense reference but inserted a mention of the administrative county.

Sunderland was not administered by County Durham. So was not part of the administrative county.

The absolute right to decide these boundaries rests with the Queen-in-Parliament. Anything else must be in the past. Are we to abandon fact for a refusal to admit changes happen? Are we now to refer to Monmouthshire in Wales, in the traditional borders of England? Is or was Danzig in Germany? Sunderland is in the United Kingdom, which still exists as a legal entity, is in Great Britain, which still exists as a legal entity, is in England, which still exists as a legal entity, it was in The Kingdom of Northumbria, which no longer exists, and it was County Durham, which no longer exists in its previous form.

 * Please sign your comments. Whether Danzig is part of germany is determined by law; you rightly observe that it is not currently. Similarly the status of the counties is determined by law. The law has been very clear in never abolishing them. This is nothing to do with being "anti-change" - but simply accepting the fact that entities that have never been abolished continue to exist, de jure! Queen and parliament have many times stated that the traditional counties have never been abolished. Although it is true that such statements are not legally binding on their own, do you really believe that they were all deliberate lies?
 * Further, please see my responses at talk:Gloucestershire. Best regards, 80.255 23:53, 28 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Population/Alice in Wonderland
With the incorporation in 1992 and award of city status Sunderland's population stands at 295,000 making it the largest city in the North East.

Some mention should be made of the substantial links between Sunderland and the Dobson family that inspired the Alice in Wonderland stories.

Garryq, I have rearranged the piece, added and amended. I hope you approve. I'll be back to tidy up after my brain has had a rest.I have included information about Lewis Carroll. I'm not sure I've come across the Dobsons in the literature about Carroll at Whitburn Emmet 19.08 10 June 2005
 * _________________________________________________________________

Later: I've done my bit. I think Sunderland football club fits in here. The rest mostly consists of minor, but interesting I hope, additions. I think it's amazing that a woman like Gertrude Bell doesn't get her due. She was anti-suffragette, perhaps that's why. She was a friend of Lawrence of Arabia and practically founded modern Iraq. The great museum in Baghdad so much in the news was founded by her. I'll have to write it myself. All good wishes.

Emmet 13.54 12 June 2005

I've just realised that Gertrude Bell is in - under that name.

Emmet 15.17  12 June 2005

Jewish community
Is there any significant Jewish community outside the City of Sunderland in Tyne and Wear? Everton 08:56, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

Yep - there's a good few in Gateshead, along with a jewish school, college and shops. See Gateshead Jewry for more details. Chelsea 22:57, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd just like to know why exactly the "Jewish Community" is mentioned at all? The article states that in 2001 there were 114 registered Jews - 114 out of a population of 300,000 is such an insultingly small percentage that one wonders why it was ever mentioned in the first place. One would further imagine there are more than 114 Pakistanis in Sunderland, or more than 114 Bangladeshis - why therefore is there mention of the almost non-existent "Jewish Community" and no others? What is so special about these 114 Jews that they deserve special mention?

I agree. Someone has done this for all the north east towns, where in fact only Gateshead has a significant Jewish history and population that requires a section of its own. Personally I'm in favour of deleting the whole section wholesale as it is utterly irrelevant and misrepresentative. Anyone accessing this page would first be led to believe Sunderland was a majot Jewish settlement, then on reading the page would come to the conclusion that the page is useless as it contains a large tract on a tiny fraction of a percentage of the population! I'll trim it down significantly and see what happens --SandyDancer 09:49, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

OK I have deleted the larger section and taken the few salient facts and placed them in the "Other Facts" section, in the interest of retaining useful information in an appropriate manner whilst removing the irrelevant material that served to distort the article. --SandyDancer 09:58, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

Guys. Just passing by. A few years back there was an exhibition on the Jewish community of Sunderland at the museum/art gallery. The Jewish community peaked at around 6,000 in the early twentieth century - I vaguely recall that its growth was something to do with the Baltic timber trade. Note the large synagogue on the Stockton Road as a memory of that period. The Sunderland community was very secular and it proved vulnerable to dispersal and assimilation. The Gateshead community is strictly Orthodox, and it has proved more resilient.

The article includes the following "... Sunderland has a strikingly low percentage of residents of Black or Minority Ethnic (BME) background at less than 1% ...". That might have been true even 20 years ago. But I doubt it is true now. The city has a very large Bangladeshi community. If anyone doubts that, just take a look at the kids coming out of Thornhill School of an evening. BScar23625 21:04, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

Creative cities
The Boho survey placing Sunderland as Britain's least creative city was based on three criteria.

1. Number of ethnic minority residents

2. Number of gay residents

3. Number of patent applications

The first two seem utterly irrelevant and devalue the whole enterprise. To put this in the Wikipedia article simply denigrates Sunderland for no reason.

Nor is Sunderland 'notionally' a city. It is officially a city. There are other cities without a cathedral (or an airport) e.g. Wolverhampton, Brighton. Other towns and cities have upgraded polytechnics, without any slur being implied. Northumbria in Newcastle is very highly rated.

Is all this a deliberate vandalism?

I propose to edit.

Bandalore 17:48, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

I agree. Obviously creativity is based on ethnicity and sexual preference?????????!!!!!! Stupidest criteria I've ever seen.

~The methodology of the survey is contentious, certainly, but is the subject of serious academic debate and the findings were quite widely reported in the national press. It can be disputed but cannot simply be dismissed as "stupid" because it displeases you. I would contend that those ranked most highly in this survey, whether by coincidence or not, turn out to be worthy pretenders to the title.

Furthermore, that this was reported is fact. It is more appropriate to refute this than delete it.

"It can be disputed but cannot simply be dismissed as "stupid" because it displeases you."

 * Well ok, I hereby suggest that creativity is based on the number of chocolate donuts a person eats. Its no less relevant than what gender the person you sleep with is or what colour you are!! Nothing but arbitary points of reference in this survey and a straw man attack on Sunderland as a city. BTW please define creativity? Excatly what are we being judged on?? I doubt that many serious academics would take this seriously. Straw men attacks generally do not get tolerated at University level.

If this spurious and tendentious 'survey' is inserted again. I shall appeal to a higher power.

~It has been inserted again, and I've deleted it. If it is inserted once more I will do something entirely sinister. I have never heard of anything more ridiculous in all of my living days. Use some common sense rather than blindly following readings please.~ SAFCjl 23:27, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Bandalore 18.51 9 April 2006

~Why not include a link to the debate surrounding the author (I forget the name)? It is contentious but has generated some serious academic debate and cannot simply be dismissed as spurious.

Polls and surveys appear every day in the press. That's a fact which can't be denied, but there's no reason to take them seriously enough to include them in an encyclopaedia article, especially when the methodology is suspect. The Boho one is not at all 'contentious' in my view. It's self-evidently absurd. Put a link in yourself if you think it's worth it.

I have seen a survey which indicated that Sunderland University was a leading centre for the study of artificial intelligence. Another, very recent one in the Nursing Times, stated that Sunderland Primary Care Trust was the best in the country for training nurses. These are also facts but you choose to highlight one which denigrates Sunderland.

I might add that you have not explained why you called Sunderland 'notionally' a city. That reads like a deliberate slur. I've left the BNP remark in, although it seem Sunderland is not so very special in that either!

Bandalore 23.39 27 April 2006

~If you find the "boho survey" absurd then it would be worthwhile posting references to undermine it. To my mind, there is a certain logic in linking "creativity" with demographic diversity, though I freely concede that the methodology is questionable. I described Sunderland as "notionally" a city as in common with some other recently elected cities there are tradtional criteria which are unfulfilled. "Cityhood" is an interesting concept as there are any number of large towns which do not qualify for the official title but several quite small settlements which do. As for BNP support, it is a curious phenomenon in Sunderland and one which is not commonly found in other cities. You have yet to post any sound arguments against these aspects that you appear to find unpalatable.

Nah, no London Council Ward has ever voted for a BNP member!!??!??!?!? Unbelievable.

The only criteria of "cityhood" required is a royal charter, and Sunderland got one of those in 1992. Other than that, you could be talking about the lack of Cathedral? Something which Birmingham, Leeds and Nottingham all lack - nothing 'notional' about those cities. John the mackem 23:30, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

~John: traditionally, cathedrals and universities are mentioned. Birmingham, Leeds and Nottingham all have long-established universities and also all have cathedrals, albeit Catholic ones only in the latter two cases.

John is right, though the cathedral/university idea is a common misconception. No English city apart from Oxford and Cambridge had a university before Durham joined them in 1832, so all other universities are even later - and many are very modern. This university business is really a red herring. In fact Cambridge itself only became a city in 1951. And it hasn't got a cathedral.

All the dozen or so pre-record ancient English cities had cathedrals, but old cities like Newcastle (incorporated 1080) didn't have a cathedral so-called until 1882.Hull and Leeds didn't either. There are some 50 English cities now and quite a few have no cathedral - Preston; Brighton; Wolverhampton; Salford; Stoke; Southampton etc. And Sunderland. As I remarked above, to single Sunderland out seems invidious.

Bandalore 22.48 9 May  2006

Good company then given that none of these would generally be thought of as cities, recent changes in status not having yet thoroughly penetrated the general consciousness. As for universities - establishment in England coincident with Industrial Revolution - hence one can see how the association might arise as previously irrelevant due to shortage of real "cities". See also Wikipedia entry for cities.81.1.123.175 00:43, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

Mackem
We are called makems because that is how we pronounce the word make - "mack" (and similarly with take - "tack"). There's no great mystery.

In the first section of the article, the mention of the derogatory use of the word Mackem to indicate that ships were made in Sunderland only for a richer world to take them away makes very little sense. That's what manufacturing industry does, the way profits are made. Why should Newcastle shipbuilders have thought they were being derogatory when Newcastle ships were 'taken' in the same way? Should Sunderland have held on to these ships? There were a great many ships owned in Sunderland anyway.

A far more likely reason is that, on the whole, Sunderland produced workaday ships of relatively small tonnage. There were no glamorous liners, great warships etc. of the sort that were produced on the Tyne. Hence the rather supercilious Tyneside description.

Bandalore 23.29 28 April 2006

I'll rewrite this

Bandalore 18.32 1 May  2006

title: Talk:Sunderland/Archive 1


text:
Grease 2

Grease 2 is a 1982 American musical romantic comedy film and a standalone sequel to the 1978 film Grease, adapted from the 1971 musical of the same name by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. Originally titled More Grease, the film was produced by Allan Carr and Robert Stigwood, and directed and choreographed by Patricia Birch, who choreographed the original stage production and prior film. The plot returns to Rydell High School two years after the original film's graduation, with a largely new cast, led by Maxwell Caulfield and Michelle Pfeiffer in her first starring role.

The film was released in United States theaters on June 11, 1982, and grossed $15 million against a production budget of $11 million, a far cry from its predecessor's $132 million domestic box office. Despite breakthrough roles for Pfeiffer, Adrian Zmed, and Christopher McDonald, the film received mostly negative reviews from critics. Despite this, Grease 2 maintains a devoted fan base decades after its release.

Plot
It is 1961, three years after the events of the prior film, and the first day of school has arrived ("Alma Mater" from the original stage musical). Principal McGee and her secretary, Blanche, react as the students—including the laid-back, ruffian T-Birds, and their trendy, “bad-girl” counterparts, the Pink Ladies—arrive at high school ("Back to School Again"). The Pink Ladies are now led by Stephanie Zinone, who feels she has "outgrown" her relationship with her ex-boyfriend Johnny Nogerelli, the arrogant, chauvinistic (and rather immature) bully leader of the motorcycle-riding T-Birds.

A new arrival comes in the form of clean-cut British student Michael Carrington (a cousin of Sandy Olsson from the previous film). He is introduced to the school atmosphere by former Pink Lady Frenchy, who agreed to help show Michael around. Frenchy has returned to Rydell to obtain her diploma so she can start her own cosmetics company (as preluded with “Beauty School Dropout” in the previous film). Michael eventually meets Stephanie, and quickly becomes smitten with her.

At the local bowling alley, a game ("Score Tonight") turns sour from the animosity between Johnny and Stephanie. Stephanie retaliates by kissing the next man who walks in the door, who happens to be Michael. Bemused by this unexpected kiss, Michael falls in love with Stephanie. He asks her out, but learns she has a very specific vision of her ideal man ("Cool Rider"). After realizing how he can win her affection, Michael gets to work on acquiring a motorcycle. Michael begins to covertly accept payments from the T-Birds to write their term papers and uses the cash to buy a motorcycle. Substitute teacher Mr. Stuart leads a rousing biology lesson ("Reproduction").

A rival gang called the Cycle Lords (including members of the defunct Scorpions), led by Leo Balmudo, surprises the T-Birds at the bowling alley. Before a fight ensues, a lone, mysterious “Cool Rider” biker appears (actually Michael, in disguise), defeats the enemy gang, and disappears into the night ("Who's That Guy?"). Stephanie is fascinated with this stranger. Meanwhile, T-Bird Louis attempts to trick his sweetheart, Pink Lady Sharon, into losing her virginity to him by taking her to a fallout shelter and faking a nuclear attack ("Let's Do It for Our Country").

The next evening while working at a gas station/auto garage, Stephanie is surprised again by the Cool Rider, and they enjoy a romantic twilight motorcycle ride, which includes a kiss. Just as Michael is about to reveal his identity, they are interrupted by the arrival of the T-Birds and Pink Ladies. Before Michael departs, he tells Stephanie that he will see her at the school talent show. Johnny, enraged by Stephanie's new romance, threatens to fight the Cool Rider if he sees him with her again. The Pink Ladies walk away haughtily, but this has little effect on the T-Birds' self-confidence ("Prowlin'").

At school, Stephanie's poor grades in English lead her to accept Michael's offer of help. Johnny, upon seeing them together in a discussion, demands that Stephanie quit the Pink Ladies to preserve his honor. Although still enchanted by the mysterious Cool Rider, interactions with Michael reveal that she has become romantically interested in him now, as well. Michael ponders over the continuing charade he is putting on for Stephanie ("Charades").

At the talent show, Stephanie and the Cool Rider meet up but are abruptly ambushed by the T-Birds, who pursue Michael on their respective motorcycles, with Stephanie, Sharon, Paulette, and Rhonda following in a car. They chase him to a construction site which conceals a deadly drop, and the biker's absence suggests that he has gone over the edge and perished, leaving Stephanie heartbroken and inconsolable. Johnny and his T-Birds remove the competing Preptones – preppie boys – by tying them to a shower pole in the boys' locker room and drenching them. During the Pink Ladies' performance in the talent show ("Girl for All Seasons"), Stephanie enters a dreamlike, fantasy world, where she is reunited with her mystery biker ("(Love Will) Turn Back the Hands of Time"). She is named winner of the contest, and crowned the Queen of the upcoming graduation luau; likewise, Johnny is hailed as King for his performance of "Prowlin'", along with his fellow T-Birds.

The school year ends with the luau ("Rock-a-Hula Luau (Summer Is Coming)"), during which the Cycle Lords appear and begin to disrupt the celebration. The Cool Rider then reappears, defeats the Cycle Lords again, and reveals his true identity as Michael. Initially shocked, Johnny gives him a T-Birds jacket, officially welcoming him into the gang, and Stephanie is delighted that she can now be with him. Michael and Stephanie share a passionate kiss, and he whispers that he loves her. All the couples pair-off happily, as the graduating class sings ("We'll Be Together"). The credits start rolling in yearbook-style, as in the original film ("Back to School Again").

Lead roles

 * Maxwell Caulfield as Michael Carrington, a British exchange student and Sandy Olsson's cousin.
 * Michelle Pfeiffer as Stephanie Zinone, the leader of the Pink Ladies.

The T-Birds

 * Adrian Zmed as Johnny Nogerelli, the leader of The T-Birds
 * Christopher McDonald as Goose McKenzie
 * Peter Frechette as Louis DiMucci
 * Leif Green as Davey Jaworski

The Pink Ladies

 * Maureen Teefy as Sharon Cooper
 * Lorna Luft as Paulette Rebchuck
 * Alison Price as Rhonda Ritter
 * Pamela Segall as Dolores Rebchuck

Reprising roles from Grease

 * Didi Conn as Frenchy
 * Eve Arden as Principal McGee (Arden's final film role)
 * Sid Caesar as Coach Vince Calhoun
 * Dody Goodman as Secretary Blanche Hodel
 * Eddie Deezen as Eugene Felsnick
 * Dennis C. Stewart as Leo Balmudo (Craterface), leader of the Cycle Lords (appeared as the gang leader of the Scorpions in the previous film)
 * Dick Patterson as Mr. Spears (appeared as Mr. Rudie in the previous film)

Supporting cast

 * Tab Hunter as Mr. Stuart
 * Connie Stevens as Miss Yvette Mason
 * Jean and Liz Sagal as the Sorority / Cheerleader Twins
 * Matt Lattanzi as Brad, one of the Prep-Tones
 * Donna King as Girl Greaser (lead dancer)
 * Lucinda Dickey as Girl Greaser
 * Ivy Austin as Girl Greaser 'Francine'
 * Andy Tennant as Boy Greaser 'Artie' (Arnold in Grease)
 * Bernard Hiller as Boy Greaser
 * Tom Villard as Boy Greaser 'Willie' (performs "Cry" at the talent show)
 * Vernon Scott as Henry Dickey, one of the Prep-Tones
 * Tom Willett as bowling alley manager (uncredited)
 * Janet Jones as the girl who missed her last two periods (uncredited)
 * William N. Clark as Cycle Salvage Yard Manager (uncredited) – also was a cameraman
 * Aurelio Padrón as Boy Greaser
 * John Robert Garrett as Boy Greaser (Bubba in Grease)
 * Helena Andreyko as Girl Greaser (Trix in Grease)
 * Dennis Daniels as Boy Greaser (Bart in Grease)
 * Vicki Hunter as Girl Greaser
 * Sandra Gray as Girl Greaser (Big G. in Grease)
 * John Allee as student with basketball (Calhoun: "We'll put high-heels on your sneakers and we'll make you a center!")
 * Michael David Eilert as Boy Greaser (uncredited)
 * Bill Baker as High School Student (uncredited)

Development
Grease co-producer Allan Carr had a deal with Paramount Pictures to be paid $5 million to produce a sequel, with production beginning within three years of the original film. Carr decided to hire Patricia Birch as director for the sequel, as she had previously served as the choreographer for the stage and film versions of Grease. Birch was initially hesitant to accept after learning that neither composers Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey nor John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John would be involved in the film. Bronte Woodard, the writer who adapted the original stage material for the original film, had died in 1980, and Canadian comic Ken Finkleman (who was also writing and directing Airplane II at the same time) was tasked with penning a new script mostly from scratch. The total budget for the production was $11.2 million, almost double the budget of the original. Birch's approach to the material was to hew closer to the original, grittier stage productions from which Grease came; she had resisted changes made to the original film (largely made at Newton-John's behest) but was overruled.

Grease 2 was intended to be the second film (and first sequel) in a proposed Grease franchise of four films and a television series. (The third and fourth films were to take place in the 1960s and during the counterculture era.) However, the projects were scrapped due to the underwhelming box office performance of Grease 2. Maxwell Caulfield was unhappy with the film's "drab" title, and unsuccessfully lobbied to change it to Son of Grease.

Casting
Birch proposed an idea to feature Travolta and Newton-John reprising their characters as a now married couple running a gas station near the end of the film, with Travolta to sing a new number "Gas Pump Jockey;" this did not come to fruition. Newton John rejected the offer to return, as she was more interested in doing Xanadu. Paramount tried to get Jeff Conaway and Stockard Channing from the first film to do cameos but this did not happen (Channing, by then 37 years old, had left Hollywood for a time in the early 1980s to focus on her stage career). Early plans for Grease 2 had Conaway and Channing's characters, Kenickie and Rizzo, as main characters while they attended summer school, which would have culminated in the two getting married.

Andy Gibb was screen tested to play the male lead but this proved unsatisfactory. At one stage Timothy Hutton was announced as the male lead, and Carr later claimed after Grease 2 was released "Hutton came, sang, and danced in my living room. He had done Guys and Dolls in college, and that’s who I wanted and preferred. But they didn’t consider him sexy enough.”

Maxwell Caulfield was cast after impressing producers off-Broadway in Entertaining Mr. Sloane. Having seen his performances, Allan Carr offered Caulfield the role of Michael over thousands of applicants.

“They were all in love with Maxwell,” said Patricia Birch. “Robert and Allan saw him onstage without his clothes."

Unlike co-star Pfeiffer, Caulfield's career following Grease 2 was damaged by the film's failure. He has been quoted as saying: "Before Grease 2 came out, I was being hailed as the next Richard Gere or John Travolta. However, when Grease 2 flopped, nobody would touch me. It felt like a bucket of cold water had been thrown in my face. It took me 10 years to get over Grease 2."

With only a few television roles and small film appearances, Michelle Pfeiffer, then aged 23, was a relatively unknown actress when she attended the casting call audition for the role of Stephanie. Other actresses considered for the part included Lisa Hartman, Kristy McNichol, Andrea McArdle, and singer Pat Benatar. Pfeiffer was a wild card choice, but according to Birch, she won the part because she "has a quirky quality you don't expect." She later commented on being cast:

"That was really weird for me. I'd been taking singing lessons and I had taken dance, because I loved to dance, but I had never considered myself a professional at all. I went on this audition as a fluke, and somehow, through the process of going back and dancing, and then going back and singing, I ended up getting the part. I went crazy with that movie. I came to New York and the paparazzi were waiting at the hotel. I know the producers put them up to it. I am basically very private, and I'm really nervous about doing publicity. Every time I set up an interview, I say, 'That's it, this is my last one. I'll do this because I committed to doing it, but I'm never doing another one.' It was insane."

Lorna Luft was the last star cast. The part played by Connie Stevens was originally meant for Annette Funicello but she was unable to appear because her schedule as Skippy peanut butter spokeswoman did not allow her time to film the scene.

Adrian Zmed had previously played the role of Danny Zuko in the stage version of Grease, a role he would later reprise in the 1990s.

Filming
Scenes at Rydell High School were filmed at Excelsior High School, a recently closed high school in Norwalk, California. Filming took place throughout a 58-day shooting schedule during the autumn of 1981. According to director Birch, the script was still incomplete when filming commenced. Sequences that were filmed but cut during post-production include scenes in which Frenchy helps Michael become a motorcycle rider, and a sequence at the end of the film showing Michael and Stephanie flying off into the sky on a motorcycle.

In the film, after Stephanie wins the contest, it goes on to show the luau in the final scene. Originally, there were a few minutes dedicated to a scene in which Michael (believed to be dead in his alter ego, by Stephanie) comes out on stage as Stephanie is exiting the stage, unbeknownst to her that he is the cool rider and he is alive. He attempts to ask her what's wrong and she storms past him and runs off crying, then it cuts to the luau. There was a scene within the "Who's that Guy?" number in which Goose accidentally smashes Rhonda's nose at the Bowl-A-Rama door. None of these scenes have been shown since the film's release.

Music

 * 1) "Back to School Again" – Cast and The Four Tops (verses by the Pink Ladies are absent from the soundtrack)
 * 2) "Score Tonight" – T-Birds, Pink Ladies, Cast
 * 3) "Brad" – Noreen and Doreen
 * 4) "Cool Rider" – Stephanie
 * 5) "Reproduction" – Mr. Stuart and Students
 * 6) "Who's That Guy?" – Michael, T-Birds, Pink Ladies, Cycle Lords, and Cast
 * 7) "Do It for Our Country" – Louis and Sharon (Sharon's part is absent from the soundtrack)
 * 8) "Prowlin'" – Johnny and T-Birds
 * 9) "Charades" – Michael
 * 10) "Girl for All Seasons" – Sharon, Paulette, Rhonda, and Stephanie
 * 11) "(Love Will) Turn Back the Hands of Time" – Stephanie and Michael
 * 12) "Rock-a-Hula Luau (Summer Is Coming)" – Cast
 * 13) "We'll Be Together" – Michael, Stephanie, Johnny, Paulette, and Cast

Featured as background music at Rydell Sport Field:
 * 1) "Moon River" (The Spirit of Troy- University of Southern California Marching Band)

Featured as background music at the bowling alley:
 * 1) "Our Day Will Come" – Ruby & The Romantics (Grease 2 takes place in 1961–62 and "Our Day Will Come" did not come out until 1963)
 * 2) "Rebel Walk" – Duane Eddy (this was the B-side of his biggest hit "Because They're Young")

Featured at the beginning:
 * 1) "Alma Mater" – Instrumental (this song was played at the beginning when Principal McGee and Blanche put up the 1961 Rydell flag)

Box office
The sequel took in just over $15 million after coming at fifth on opening weekend behind E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial, Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, Rocky III, and Poltergeist.

Caulfield said "basically we just got blown off the map by that little movie by Spielberg."

Critical response
, on Rotten Tomatoes, the film had an approval rating of 35% based on 43 reviews, with an average rating of 4.3/10. The site's consensus read: "Grease 2 is undeniably stocked with solid songs and well-choreographed dance sequences, but there's no getting around the fact that it's a blatant retread of its far more entertaining predecessor." , on Metacritic it had a score of 52% based on reviews from 11 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Janet Maslin of The New York Times condemned the film as "dizzy and slight, with an even more negligible plot than its predecessor had. This time the story can't even masquerade as an excuse for stringing the songs together. Songs? What songs? The numbers in Grease 2 are so hopelessly insubstantial that the cast is forced to burst into melody about pastimes like bowling."

Variety commended the staging of the musical numbers, writing that Patricia Birch has come up with some unusual settings (a bowling alley, a bomb shelter) for some of the scenes, and employs some sharp montage to give most of the songs and dances a fair amount of punch."

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 2 stars out of 4, saying: "This movie just recycles Grease, without the stars, without the energy, without the freshness and without the grease."

Pfeiffer received positive notices for her first major role. The New York Times review cited her performance as the "one improvement" on the original film: "Miss Pfeiffer is as gorgeous as any cover girl, and she has a sullen quality that's more fitting to a Grease character than Miss Newton-John's sunniness was." Variety wrote that she was "all anyone could ask for in the looks department, and she fills Olivia Newton-John's shoes and tight pants very well." Pfeiffer told the Los Angeles Times three years later:

"That film was a good experience for me. It taught me a valuable lesson. Before it even came out the hype had started. Maxwell and I were being thrust down the public's throat in huge full page advertisements. There was no way we could live up to any of that and we didn't. So the crash was very loud. But it did teach me not to have expectations."

Barry Diller of Paramount said that the film "on no level is as good as the first. The quality isn't there."

Jim Jacobs described it at the time as "awful ... the pits." In an interview 27 years later, Jacobs noted that Grease 2 "still brings a brief frown to his face."

During an appearance for Rotten Tomatoes to promote the film Tick, Tick... Boom!, British actor Andrew Garfield cited the film as one of his five favorite musicals, calling it "great".

Accolades
Pfeiffer was nominated for a 1983 Young Artist Award in the category of Best Young Motion Picture Actress.

The film was nominated for a Stinkers Bad Movie Awards for Worst Picture. Later on, the Stinkers would unveil their picks for the 100 worst films of the 20th century with their "100 Years, 100 Stinkers" list. Grease 2 ranked in the listed bottom 20 at #13.

The film was given a special screening at the 2021 online TCM Festival.

Remakes
The film's screenplay was adapted in the Kannada (South India) feature film Premaloka, starring Ravichandran and Juhi Chawla, released in 1987, which went on to become a blockbuster.

Plans for a third film
In 2003, Olivia Newton-John confirmed that a second sequel was being developed. "They're writing it, and we'll see what happens. If the script looks good, I'll do it. But I haven't seen the script, and it has to be cleverly done." Newton-John died in 2022 before any such script was completed.

In 2008, it was reported that Paramount was planning a new sequel to Grease that would debut straight to DVD. However, the project never came to fruition.

In 2019, it was announced that a prequel to the original film entitled Summer Lovin' with John August attached to write the screenplay was in the works at Paramount.

Stage musical
The film was later adapted into a musical, Cool Rider, with the script re-written and modified for the stage.

title: Grease 2


text:
User talk:Hrothgar

Hello, and welcome to the Wikipedia.

I see you have found out how to create redirects.

Considering you were making 730 articles in the space of a few minutes, someone panicked and blocked you. I'm not guaranteeing anything, but it looks like it was intended to help, so you will probably be unblocked soon. Ксип Cyp 10:50, 5 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Hello Cyp,

Oh I see, sorry.

It got as far as some date in early September and then stopped working from one machine so I tried it from another. Some time after that one stopped also (after reaching some date in November) I saw your message that it was being stopped intentionally. Well then I won't restart it from another machine, because I obviously don't want to challenge what I now know to be an intentional decision. But shame for it to stop so close to completing the task.

Seems that 11th September failed too. Ah, looks like someone already did that one by hand.

Please accept my sincere apologies if this caused problems. I thought that by running the program during a time of day when US users are largely asleep it wouldn't cause load problems.

P.S. Obviously I will refrain from automated processing in future. However, I am curious to know how the pre-existing redirects such as 1 January were created -- did somebody do them all by hand? Or if they were done automatically, then what is the correct procedure to request something which requires a similar number of edits? I would be most grateful if the block could be lifted -- not because it has much practical effect on me (there are a number of other machines I can use), but because it suggests that the edits were intentionally harmful, which they really weren't. Many thanks.

As not to overload our server, we require that all bots be registered. I recommend logging in (i.e., getting a user account) and then getting permission before using bots.

Yes, most of these redirects are simply done by hand, I believe. --Jiang 11:50, 5 Aug 2003 (UTC)

You are now unblocked but please get permission before using bots in the future. Thanks. --Jiang

As mentioned above, you are unblocked now.

You may wish to read bots. (Or may already have found it by now.)

You can easily create an account, by the way, by clicking Log in.

I can see that your edits weren't intended to be harmful, no hard feelings intended. Ксип Cyp 12:07, 5 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * indeed -- I blocked you to halt the bot in case of server overload. I hope you decide to stick around here at Wikipedia :-) -- Tarquin 12:23, 5 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Thank you very much for unblocking, and for the pointer to bots.

Please could I have permission as a one-off to run the program to complete the redirects to the end of the year, if I put a pause between iterations of the loop? (If so, please could you tell me the value of the pause I should use?) There are a total of 67 edits remaining to make in order to complete the task and achieve consistency.

If I do that, the edits will still be from a raw IP address because I have not coded the bot to handle cookies, but after that I will make sure to use a named login for future participation.

Can you a) log it in b) make it make "minor edits" so they are hidden in Recent Changes and c) pause by a couple of minutes? Might be best to post a request to our tech mailing list first though -- the guys there know far more than me about what the server can handle. Personally, I'm not too keen on encouraging different date styles -- our Manual of Style aims for consistency. -- Tarquin 12:53, 5 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * Can you also use proper syntax for your redirects - it should be #REDIRECT February 2 not #REDIRECT Evercat 13:01, 5 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Current thinking seems to be that registered bots are allowed about 2 hits a minute under normal conditions. Ideally, you should have some sort of backoff algorithm which makes your bot reduce its efforts or go away temporarily under conditions of high load. I've not got the authority to grant permission: try the Wikipedia-L mailing list, where the developers live. -- The Anome 13:08, 5 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Hi, and thanks for the tips.

I'll just do them by hand because I see you have to log in to do minor changes, and it will take more time for me to work out how to code the cookie handling than to make the remaining changes by hand.

As regards encouraging different date styles, presumably people are not generally encouraged to link to a redirect page in any event, but it's there to catch what people might type into the search box, just as is the case for the redirects which already existed (e.g. 1 January). The fact that it's already been done manually for 11th September confirms that some people do think of dates according to that format.

Sorry about the deprecated format. I will make sure to use the 2 closing parentheses for the remaining dates, but I'm not going to go back and change the existing ones because that would be a big job for reasons stated above.

--Hrothgar 13:12, 5 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Good to see you've got yourself a username. Someone will be along shortly with a Wikipedia Welcome Basket! :-) -- Tarquin 15:26, 5 Aug 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hrothgar


text:
Blood sugar level

The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, blood glucose level, or glycemia is the measure of glucose concentrated in the blood. The body tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis.

For a 70 kg (154 lb) human, approximately four grams of dissolved glucose (also called "blood glucose") is maintained in the blood plasma at all times. Glucose that is not circulating in the blood is stored in skeletal muscle and liver cells in the form of glycogen; in fasting individuals, blood glucose is maintained at a constant level by releasing just enough glucose from these glycogen stores in the liver and skeletal muscle in order to maintain homeostasis. Glucose can be transported from the intestines or liver to other tissues in the body via the bloodstream. Cellular glucose uptake is primarily regulated by insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas. Once inside the cell, the glucose can now act as an energy source as it undergoes the process of glycolysis.

In humans, properly maintained glucose levels are necessary for normal function in a number of tissues, including the human brain, which consumes approximately 60% of blood glucose in fasting, sedentary individuals. A persistent elevation in blood glucose leads to glucose toxicity, which contributes to cell dysfunction and the pathology grouped together as complications of diabetes.

Glucose levels are usually lowest in the morning, before the first meal of the day, and rise after meals for an hour or two by a few millimoles.

Abnormal persistently high glycemia is referred to as hyperglycemia; low levels are referred to as hypoglycemia. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia from a variety of causes, and it is the most prominent disease related to the failure of blood sugar regulation. There are different methods of testing and measuring blood sugar levels.

Drinking alcohol causes an initial surge in blood sugar and later tends to cause levels to fall. Also, certain drugs can increase or decrease glucose levels.

Units
There are two ways of measuring blood glucose levels: In the United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries (Australia, Canada, India, etc.) and ex-USSR countries molar concentration, measured in mmol/L (millimoles per litre, or millimolar, abbreviated mM). In the United States, Germany, Japan and many other countries mass concentration is measured in mg/dl (milligrams per decilitre).

Since the molecular mass of glucose C6H12O6 is approximately 180 g/mol, the difference between the two units is a factor of about 18, so 1 mmol/L of glucose is equivalent to 18 mg/dL.

Humans
Normal blood glucose level (tested while fasting) for non-diabetics should be 3.9–5.5 mmol/L (70–100 mg/dL).

According to the American Diabetes Association, the fasting blood glucose target range for diabetics, should be 3.9 - 7.2 mmol/L (70 - 130 mg/dL) and less than 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) two hours after meals (as measured by a blood glucose monitor).

Normal value ranges may vary slightly between laboratories. Glucose homeostasis, when operating normally, restores the blood sugar level to a narrow range of about 4.4 to 6.1 mmol/L (79 to 110 mg/dL) (as measured by a fasting blood glucose test).

The global mean fasting plasma blood glucose level in humans is about 5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL); however, this level fluctuates throughout the day. Blood sugar levels for those without diabetes and who are not fasting should be below 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL).

Despite widely variable intervals between meals or the occasional consumption of meals with a substantial carbohydrate load, human blood glucose levels tend to remain within the normal range. However, shortly after eating, the blood glucose level may rise, in non-diabetics, temporarily up to 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) or slightly more.

The actual amount of glucose in the blood and body fluids is very small. In a healthy adult male of 75 kg with a blood volume of 5 L, a blood glucose level of 5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) amounts to 5 g, equivalent to about a teaspoonful of sugar. Part of the reason why this amount is so small is that, to maintain an influx of glucose into cells, enzymes modify glucose by adding phosphate or other groups to it.

Other animals
In general, ranges of blood sugar in common domestic ruminants are lower than in many monogastric mammals. However this generalization does not extend to wild ruminants or camelids. For serum glucose in mg/dL, reference ranges of 42 to 75 for cows, 44 to 81 for sheep, and 48 to 76 for goats, but 61 to 124 for cats; 62 to 108 for dogs, 62 to 114 for horses, 66 to 116 for pigs, 75 to 155 for rabbits, and 90 to 140 for llamas have been reported. A 90 percent reference interval for serum glucose of 26 to 181 mg/dL has been reported for captured mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), where no effects of the pursuit and capture on measured levels were evident. For beluga whales, the 25–75 percent range for serum glucose has been estimated to be 94 to 115 mg/dL. For the white rhinoceros, one study has indicated that the 95 percent range is 28 to 140 mg/dL. For harp seals, a serum glucose range of 4.9 to 12.1 mmol/L [i.e. 88 to 218 mg/dL] has been reported; for hooded seals, a range of 7.5 to 15.7 mmol/L [i.e. about 135 to 283 mg/dL] has been reported.

Regulation
The body's homeostatic mechanism keeps blood glucose levels within a narrow range. It is composed of several interacting systems, of which hormone regulation is the most important.

There are two types of mutually antagonistic metabolic hormones affecting blood glucose levels:
 * catabolic hormones (such as glucagon, cortisol and catecholamines) which increase blood glucose;
 * and one anabolic hormone (insulin), which decreases blood glucose.

These hormones are secreted from pancreatic islets (bundles of endocrine tissues), of which there are four types: alpha (A) cells, beta (B) cells, Delta (D) cells and F cells. Glucagon is secreted from alpha cells, while insulin is secreted by beta cells. Together they regulate the blood-glucose levels through negative feedback, a process where the end product of one reaction stimulates the beginning of another reaction. In blood-glucose levels, insulin lowers the concentration of glucose in the blood. The lower blood-glucose level (a product of the insulin secretion) triggers glucagon to be secreted, and repeats the cycle.

In order for blood glucose to be kept stable, modifications to insulin, glucagon, epinephrine and cortisol are made. Each of these hormones has a different responsibility to keep blood glucose regulated; when blood sugar is too high, insulin tells muscles to take up excess glucose for storage in the form of glycogen. Glucagon responds to too low of a blood glucose level; it informs the tissue to release some glucose from the glycogen stores. Epinephrine prepares the muscles and respiratory system for activity in the case of a "fight or flight" response. Lastly, cortisol supplies the body with fuel in times of heavy stress.

High blood sugar
If blood sugar levels remain too high the body suppresses appetite over the short term. Long-term hyperglycemia causes many health problems including heart disease, cancer, eye, kidney, and nerve damage.

Blood sugar levels above 16.7mmol/L (300mg/dL) can cause fatal reactions. Ketones will be very high (a magnitude higher than when eating a very low carbohydrate diet) initiating ketoacidosis. The ADA (American Diabetes Association) recommends seeing a doctor if blood glucose reaches 13.3 mmol/L (240 mg/dL), and it is recommended to seek emergency treatment at 15mmol/L (270mg/dL) blood glucose if Ketones are present. The most common cause of hyperglycemia is diabetes. When diabetes is the cause, physicians typically recommend an anti-diabetic medication as treatment. From the perspective of the majority of patients, treatment with an old, well-understood diabetes drug such as metformin will be the safest, most effective, least expensive, and most comfortable route to managing the condition. Treatment will vary for the distinct forms of Diabetes and can differ from person to person based on how they are reacting to treatment. Diet changes and exercise implementation may also be part of a treatment plan for diabetes.

Some medications may cause a rise in blood sugars of diabetics, such as steroid medications, including cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, prednisone, and dexamethasone.

Low blood sugar
When the blood sugar level is below 70 mg/dL, this is referred to as having low blood sugar. Low blood sugar is very frequent among type 1 diabetics. There are several causes of low blood sugar, including, taking an excessive amount of insulin, not consuming enough carbohydrates, drinking alcohol, spending time at a high elevation, puberty, and menstruation. If blood sugar levels drop too low, a potentially fatal condition called hypoglycemia develops. Symptoms may include lethargy, impaired mental functioning; irritability; shaking, twitching, weakness in arm and leg muscles; pale complexion; sweating; loss of consciousness.

Mechanisms that restore satisfactory blood glucose levels after extreme hypoglycemia (below 2.2 mmol/L or 40 mg/dL) must be quick and effective to prevent extremely serious consequences of insufficient glucose: confusion or unsteadiness and, in the extreme (below 0.8 mmol/L or 15 mg/dL) loss of consciousness and seizures. Without discounting the potentially quite serious conditions and risks due to or oftentimes accompanying hyperglycemia, especially in the long-term (diabetes or pre-diabetes, obesity or overweight, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, etc.), it is still generally more dangerous to have too little glucose – especially if levels are very low – in the blood than too much, at least temporarily, because glucose is so important for metabolism and nutrition and the proper functioning of the body's organs. This is especially the case for those organs that are metabolically active or that require a constant, regulated supply of blood sugar (the liver and brain are examples). Symptomatic hypoglycemia is most likely associated with diabetes and liver disease (especially overnight or postprandial), without treatment or with wrong treatment, possibly in combination with carbohydrate malabsorption, physical over-exertion or drugs. Many other less likely illnesses, like cancer, could also be a reason. Starvation, possibly due to eating disorders, like anorexia, will also eventually lead to hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemic episodes can vary greatly between persons and from time to time, both in severity and swiftness of onset. For severe cases, prompt medical assistance is essential, as damage to brain and other tissues and even death will result from sufficiently low blood-glucose levels.

Glucose measurement
In the past to measure blood glucose it was necessary to take a blood sample, as explained below, but since 2015 it has also been possible to use a continuous glucose monitor, which involves an electrode placed under the skin. Both methods, as of 2023, cost hundreds of dollars or euros per year for supplies needed.

Sample source
Glucose testing in a fasting individual shows comparable levels of glucose in arterial, venous, and capillary blood. But following meals, capillary and arterial blood glucose levels can be significantly higher than venous levels. Although these differences vary widely, one study found that following the consumption of 50 grams of glucose, "the mean capillary blood glucose concentration is higher than the mean venous blood glucose concentration by 35%."

Sample type
Glucose is measured in whole blood, plasma or serum. Historically, blood glucose values were given in terms of whole blood, but most laboratories now measure and report plasma or serum glucose levels. Because red blood cells (erythrocytes) have a higher concentration of protein (e.g., hemoglobin) than serum, serum has a higher water content and consequently more dissolved glucose than does whole blood. To convert from whole-blood glucose, multiplication by 1.14 has been shown to generally give the serum/plasma level.

To prevent contamination of the sample with intravenous fluids, particular care should be given to drawing blood samples from the arm opposite the one in which an intravenous line is inserted. Alternatively, blood can be drawn from the same arm with an IV line after the IV has been turned off for at least 5 minutes, and the arm has been elevated to drain infused fluids away from the vein. Inattention can lead to large errors, since as little as 10% contamination with a 5% glucose solution (D5W) will elevate glucose in a sample by 500 mg/dL or more. The actual concentration of glucose in blood is very low, even in the hyperglycemic.

Measurement techniques
Two major methods have been used to measure glucose. The first, still in use in some places, is a chemical method exploiting the nonspecific reducing property of glucose in a reaction with an indicator substance that changes color when reduced. Since other blood compounds also have reducing properties (e.g., urea, which can be abnormally high in uremic patients), this technique can produce erroneous readings in some situations (5–15 mg/dL has been reported). The more recent technique, using enzymes specific to glucose, is less susceptible to this kind of error. The two most common employed enzymes are glucose oxidase and hexokinase. Average blood glucose concentrations can also be measured. This method measures the level of glycated hemoglobin, which is representative of the average blood glucose levels over the last, approximately, 120 days.

In either case, the chemical system is commonly contained on a test strip which is inserted into a meter, and then has a blood sample applied. Test-strip shapes and their exact chemical composition vary between meter systems and cannot be interchanged. Formerly, some test strips were read (after timing and wiping away the blood sample) by visual comparison against a color chart printed on the vial label. Strips of this type are still used for urine glucose readings, but for blood glucose levels they are obsolete. Their error rates were, in any case, much higher. Errors when using test strips were often caused by the age of the strip or exposure to high temperatures or humidity. More precise blood glucose measurements are performed in a medical laboratory, using hexokinase, glucose oxidase, or glucose dehydrogenase enzymes.

Urine glucose readings, however taken, are much less useful. In properly functioning kidneys, glucose does not appear in urine until the renal threshold for glucose has been exceeded. This is substantially above any normal glucose level, and is evidence of an existing severe hyperglycemic condition. However, as urine is stored in the bladder, any glucose in it might have been produced at any time since the last time the bladder was emptied. Since metabolic conditions change rapidly, as a result of any of several factors, this is delayed news and gives no warning of a developing condition. Blood glucose monitoring is far preferable, both clinically and for home monitoring by patients. Healthy urine glucose levels were first standardized and published in 1965 by Hans Renschler.

A noninvasive method of sampling to monitor glucose levels has emerged using an exhaled breath condensate. However this method does need highly sensitive glucose biosensors.

Clinical correlation
The fasting blood glucose level, which is measured after a fast of 8 hours, is the most commonly used indication of overall glucose homeostasis, largely because disturbing events such as food intake are avoided. Conditions affecting glucose levels are shown in the table below. Abnormalities in these test results are due to problems in the multiple control mechanism of glucose regulation.

The metabolic response to a carbohydrate challenge is conveniently assessed by a postprandial glucose level drawn 2 hours after a meal or a glucose load. In addition, the glucose tolerance test, consisting of several timed measurements after a standardized amount of oral glucose intake, is used to aid in the diagnosis of diabetes.

Error rates for blood glucose measurements systems vary, depending on laboratories, and on the methods used. Colorimetry techniques can be biased by color changes in test strips (from airborne or finger-borne contamination, perhaps) or interference (e.g., tinting contaminants) with light source or the light sensor. Electrical techniques are less susceptible to these errors, though not to others. In home use, the most important issue is not accuracy, but trend. Thus if a meter / test strip system is consistently wrong by 10%, there will be little consequence, as long as changes (e.g., due to exercise or medication adjustments) are properly tracked. In the US, home use blood test meters must be approved by the federal Food and Drug Administration before they can be sold.

Finally, there are several influences on blood glucose level aside from food intake. Infection, for instance, tends to change blood glucose levels, as does stress either physical or psychological. Exercise, especially if prolonged or long after the most recent meal, will have an effect as well. In the typical person, maintenance of blood glucose at near constant levels will nevertheless be quite effective.

title: Blood sugar level


text:
Computer art scene

The computer art scene, or simply artscene, is the community interested and active in the creation of computer-based artwork.

Early computer art
The history of computer art predates the computer art scene for several decades, with the first experiments having taken place in the early 1950s. Devices like plotters and teletypewriters were commonly used instead of video display screens. The earliest precursors to ASCII art can be found in RTTY art, that is, pictures created by amateur radio enthusiasts with teleprinters using the Baudot code.

In the early days of microcomputers, what could be shown on a typical video display screen was limited to plain and simple text, such as that found in the ASCII code set. In the early 1980s, users of IBM PC compatible computers began to experiment with ways of forming simple pictures and designs using only the 255 characters within the Extended ASCII character set, specifically known as code page 437, created by IBM. Modems and networking technology allowed computer users to communicate with each other over bulletin board systems (BBSes); the operators of these BBSes used ASCII art to enhance the aesthetic appearance of their systems. The common user interface or video mode shared by all systems was plain text. As a result, a "scene" of artists arose to fill the need for original art to distinguish one BBS from another.

At home

At a time when IBM PC compatibles were limited to monochrome graphics or the four preset colors of the Color Graphics Adapter, the Atari 8-bit computers had a palette of 128 colors and could display 4-8 of those at once—or many more with custom programming. The Commodore 64 could display 16 fixed colors.

In 1985, the Amiga arrived with the ability to display 640x480 4096-color graphics that could be exported via the NTSC standard. This capability was used by Disney animators in movies such as The Little Mermaid and by TV producers in shows such as SeaQuest and Babylon 5.

Online
As computer technology developed, the American National Standards Institute X3 committee invented a standard method of terminal control using escape sequences called "ANSI X3.64-1979". This protocol allowed for text and cursor positioning as well as defining foreground and background color attributes for the text.

Eventually, text artists began incorporating this new level of flexibility to the existing medium of ASCII art by adding color to their text-based art, or animating their art by manipulating the cursor control codes. This is what is commonly referred to today as "ANSI art" that is used in many scene nfos.

A decade later, the popularity of ANSI art had increased significantly (largely due to the similarly increasing interest in the BBS) and ANSI artists began to form into "groups", not unlike graffiti "crews." The first ANSI group was called Aces of ANSI Art (AAA). Though no official founding date can be established for this group, its earliest surviving tribute packs are dated December 1991 and includes art dated back to 1989.

Other groups like ACiD (ANSI Creators in Demand) and iCE (Insane Creators Enterprises) quickly began to spring up. Beginning in June 1992, these groups would release their work in monthly "ARTPACKS," which were collections of ASCII art submitted by the group's various members, as well as news and membership lists. These artpacks were then spread far and wide by BBS users. Some of the same groups from the 1990s still exist today; their art is now primarily distributed using the internet.

A later method of transmitting graphics over a BBS was developed called Remote Imaging Protocol or RIP, which required special software on both the BBS and the terminal end. RIP was still basically text, but the text referred to the positions of lines, curves, fills, and other steps in drawing graphics on an EGA display of 640x350x16 colors. While RIP never caught on in the BBS world, the art scene embraced it as a form of expression, if not a viable method of displaying art on a BBS.

VGA to present day
In 1987 IBM introduced the VGA card. Early VGA graphics were "high resolution" images, generally using an 8-bit depth (256 colors) and a resolution of 320x200x256, 360x480x256 (hacked Mode X), or 640x480x16 colors. VGA was not intended to be displayed via a BBS and the vast majority of the early works in the IBM PC artscene were distributed as coded executables called "loaders" or "intros" rather than raw bitmap images. In fact, it was considered to be "lame" to release an uncoded VGA work of art from the early- to mid-1990s, a sure indication that your group was not skilled enough to retain a worthy programmer.

The advent of custom image viewers developed by groups within the artscene, such as ACiD View and iCEView, began to shift the perception of how VGA art should be distributed and what the accepted practice should be. A coded VGA which did not take any of the advantages of being an executable, like special effects or music, became viewed as an impractical use of disk space—all of this in turn spawned a number of competing image viewers, and even "Viewer Wars" between rival art groups. Talented underground artists such as CatBones continued to help pioneer and define what is now referred to as the "hirez artscene", further championing the move away from coded VGA to stand-alone imagery with his impressive artwork. Hirez today implies higher resolutions than before, such as a 1024x768 pixel canvas or larger, greater depth of color, and is created with much more sophisticated and modern software.

Underground status
Despite the fact that contributors to the artscene can be found worldwide, the scene remains detached from mainstream bbs and internet culture. This can be seen as a result of the artscene's early affiliations with hacker and software piracy (warez) organizations. As early demoscene groups were organized by cracktros coders, artscene members were often found designing the .nfo files detailing warez releases. In addition much of the ansi art provided for warez BBSes was drawn by future members of the artscene. Prior to the popularity of the internet in the 1990s, the most efficient way to distribute software and files across BBSes was via a courier system. Both the warez scene and the artscene utilized this system, and in many cases warez couriers could be found distributing monthly artpacks.

In addition to connection that the various underground groups had, a common attitude and relationship between scene members developed. The general belief that "newbies are lame" and "veterans are elite", as well as the use of leetspeek, created an environment that was sometimes difficult for new members to enter. In particular, many artsceners' distrust and bitterness towards new America Online users in the 1990s may have eroded the possibility for a wider membership base and audience for the artscene.

Examples of ANSI Artwork

 * artscene.textfiles.com, The artscene branch of the textfiles.com library.
 * darkdomain.org, Dark Domain (2004). An archive on DVD which hosts a complete collection of underground artscene works between 1987-2003.  Published by ACiD Productions.  ISBN 0-9746537-0-5.
 * Cleaner Alternative Museum Cleaner's ASCii/ANSi galleries.
 * Roy/SAC Text Artist- Superior Art Creations, Information about ASCII Art Styles, SAC Art Packs Download
 * Sixteen Colors ANSI Art and ASCII Art Archive - A web viewable archive of current and past ANSI and ASCII packs released by the computer art scene

More on the History of the Art Scene

 * BBS: The Documentary Episode 5 documents the rise of the Art Scene

Organizations still in Operation

 * Defacto2 Scene Portal Scene Art Groups and Sites Listing
 * DepthCore international digital art & design group
 * BreedArt, an international art group in operation since 2001, one of the innovators of the scene
 * Downmix Current computer art scene news and releases
 * Evoke: An international design group primarily for young and developing artists.
 * The Luminarium international artgroup.
 * SlashTHREE: A not-for-profit international art collective representing artists in over 40 countries world wide.

Utilities

 * Ansilove/PHP A set of tools for converting ANSi/BiN/ADF/iDF/TUNDRA/XBiN files into PNG images

title: Computer art scene


text:
Flashlights (album)

Flashlights is the third record by the Atlanta-based independent rock band Y-O-U. The album was first made available via free download on the band's MySpace profile on New Year's Day, 2007, and on compact disc on January 23 of the same year.

According to the band's official MySpace profile, Flashlights was the exclusive theme music of the Phillips Lounge at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival.

Track listing

 * 1) "The Physics of Giving (Einstein Song)" - 4:23
 * 2) "Goodnight Goes" - 8:32
 * 3) "Medicine Man" - 3:45
 * 4) "Moviekiss" (new version) - 3:43
 * 5) "...Now Everyone Knows..." (an extended ending of "Moviekiss") - 1:39
 * 6) "Glad" - 1:03
 * 7) "I Found You" - 2:12
 * 8) "Break" - 5:11
 * 9) "Alright, Alright, Alright" - 2:27
 * 10) "All Arranged #7" (a different version of "All Arranged #2" from Everything is Shifting) - 4:30
 * 11) "Second Chance" - 3:43
 * 12) "Let It Go" - 3:05
 * 13) "Glad I Found You. Again." - 0:40
 * 14) "Effort" - 5:46

Music videos
"The Physics of Giving"
 * Dir: Ryan Sterritt (Homestar Runner technician)
 * Sign language: Y-O-U

"Moviekiss"
 * Dir: Adam Stills
 * Video is composed of kiss scenes from movies.
 * One video uses album version; an alternate similar video uses a live performance track.

"Break"
 * Dir: Tyler James
 * Feat: Clay Cook
 * Song is a live performance, not the album version.
 * Filmed in stop-motion animation.

Y-O-U is

 * Nicholas Niespodziani
 * Peter Olson
 * ?Mark Cobb

Additional musicians

 * Clay Cook - Guitar, organ, Rhodes, pedal steel, banjo, backing vocals
 * Mark Bencuya - Piano, Wurlitzer, ARP strings
 * Dog Stevens (Cobb) - Typewriter
 * Saul Pimon (Olson) - Indian flute
 * Lenny Koggins (Niespodziani) - Recorders

Technical

 * Producer: Geoff Melkonian and Y-O-U
 * Additional production: Kristofer Sampson and Cliff Byrd
 * Engineer: Kristofer Sampson
 * Additional engineering: Clay Cook, Peter Olson, Nicholas Niespodziani
 * Mixer: David Barbe
 * Mastered by: Alex Lowe
 * Art Design & Photography: Theodore Schuyler

title: Flashlights (album)


text:
User talk:Phr/Archive-2006-04-03

User_talk:Phr/Archive-2006-02-20

Three-Revert Rule
Engaging in an edit war is not the correct way to resolve a dispute. Your fervent reverts in the Edward G. Winter violate the three-revert rule. Instead of reverting the page, post your comment on the appropriate talk page. Continuing to engage in the acts prescribed could result in a block. joturner 22:33, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think I did a 3RR vio. I reverted twice   .  I also did a large edit where I removed a bunch of nonsense, but that's not a revert, and even if it is, that's still a total of 3.  Did I count incorrectly?  Thanks.  Phr 22:37, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, you are correct; my mistake. joturner 22:40, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

Sam Sloan at it again
I am sorry to bother you, but I figured that, this time, I would turn to someone other than Howcheng with my complaints. There are a number of problems with the new Julian Simpole entry (See the discussion page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Simpole), but I particularly wanted to ask someone else about the issue of an entry becoming, in large part, a commercial. Is there a policy with regard to this? Also, I tried to make a contribution to the discussion page for Eric Schiller (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Schiller), but it was not accepted. Could you try and see if their is some technical problem? Here is the contribution that I wanted to make: What source is there for the claim that "Barnes & Noble bookstores have sold more than one hundred thousand books written by Eric Schiller"? - Louis (5 March 2006)
 * I'll take a look at the Simpole page. Yes there is policy against commercials on wikipedia but the basic remedy is to edit the article to tone down the sales pitch.  See WP:SPAM for info.  You should be able to edit Talk:Eric Schiller.  Maybe there was some temporary problem; you might try again.  Phr 12:25, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

I just tried it again. I keep getting this message about a spam protection filter. This does not happen when I have tried to make contributions elsewhere. It seems to be a problem specifically with the Eric Schiller discussion page. Could you take a look at it? - Louis Blair (6 March 2006)
 * I was able to make an edit just now. What exactly did you try, and exactly what happened?  Were you able to bring up the edit window with the right contents, and unable to save the edit?  Or what?  Phr 21:32, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Thank you for your help. I think that I may have found a way to cope with the problem. The system seemed to have an objection to a link tinyurlsomethingorother. It was ALREADY on the page, but, for some reason, the system seemed to hold me responsible and would not let me save any additions unless I removed the tiny thing. It did not seem very important to the discussion, so I hope that nobody minds my removing it. I also removed your test message. I hope that was okay. I don't know why the system did not pester you about tiny.
 * The server software may be filtering tinyurl links from non-logged-in users because they are a favorite trick of spammers. It might help if you made a wikipedia account and logged in.  You also don't really need to use tinyurl since you can inline links, like Yahoo (use "edit" to see what I typed to get that). Phr 22:56, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

The Observatory (band)
I've addressed your input on the talk page of the subject band. Please consider replying there if you still think there's an issue. Happy editing! + +Lar: t/c 01:41, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

Your msg. on my talkpage wrt The Observatory (band)
Hi, at the first glance, the article meets WP:MUSIC. Please understand that it would be difficult for me or anyone, for that matter, to decide about the value of the article and its subject a priori. Which is precisely the reason why these suggestions are first listed on Template talk:Did you know so that other editors can comment on the suggestions before these make it to the main page. You may want to keep an eye on that page in future, and thanks for your concerns. --Gurubrahma 02:41, 7 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Please see the history carefully - the suggestion added and the template updated. Around 80 hours of time should be good enough for anyone to comment on. If you have an issue with WP:MUSIC, it should be taken up on the talkpage there. Opinions about notability differ and hence, the suggestions are displayed for comment. Sometimes, I also raise a question about the notability of the entries and the other editors comment on the template talk page about the notability or the lack of it, thus enabling me to take a decision. Also, keep in mind that unlike FAs which are very polished, DYKs are all from articles under 120 hours of age and thus, raw. The objective of FAs is to display the best work of the community; that of DYKs is to invite others to improve the articles. --Gurubrahma 03:02, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

cy vs ci
Your recent edits at crytography talk suggest that you might want to look at the Teapot Tempest, cypher vs cipher on the wikiproject:Cryptography page. English spelling causes the oddest controversies.

On another point, I agree that there is little reason to be strictly prescriptive as to the definition and usage of crypto terms (whether in an ISO document or not), but to rely instead on common usage. It's a long standing tussle. ww 00:48, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Sam Sloan at it yet again
You are mentioned in a complaint by Sam Sloan at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration. I am not sure what his charge is against you, but I thought that you should know that you are listed as an "involved" party. Perhaps now is a good time to think about applying the "Users who exhaust the community's patience" clause in the blocking policy. - Louis Blair (March 19, 2006)
 * Louis, why don't you add a statement. I think you added one and someone deleted it, maybe because it was in the wrong part of the template or something. Phr 01:58, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

In this case, I deleted my own comment. I decided that it was better to make the comment to you and Rook wave. I am not sure if opinions from uninvolved parties are welcome. (I did just post a note comparing Sam Sloan's sources to what he wrote. Since that information is purely factual, I thought that there was less chance of my offending anyone by contributing it.)  I took a look at your contribution and it seems to me that it would be natural for you to add a reference to the exhausting-patience clause. If you would prefer that I make the comment at the arbitration, I will reinstate my comment there, but it seems to me that it would have more force, coming from you and/or Rook wave as actual users who have had quite a bit of involvement in Sam Sloan's contributions. - Louis Blair (March 19, 2006)

Sloan RFAr
I wouldn't worry about it. ArbCom is made up of smart individuals who can pretty much see right through Sloan's efforts. One of these days, we are going to have to RFC or RFAr him, I fear.  howch e  ng   {chat} 22:25, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Phr/Archive-2006-04-03


text:
Daisy chain

Daisy chain may refer to:

 * Daisy chain, a garland created from daisy flowers
 * Daisy chain (climbing), a type of strap
 * Daisy chain (electrical engineering), a wiring scheme
 * Daisy chain (fishing), a type of fishing lure
 * Daisy chain (knot), or chain sinnet
 * Daisy chain (network topology), for connecting computers
 * Daisy chain (sex), a type of group sex
 * Daisy chaining DNA, when DNA undergoing PCR amplification becomes tangled
 * Daisy Chain (Record Label), a subsidiary of Almighty Records
 * Daisy Chain (Sapphire & Steel), a 2005 audio drama
 * The Daisy Chain (California band), an American female band

title: Daisy chain