text:
Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge

Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (Adolphus Frederick; 24 February 1774 – 8 July 1850) was the tenth child and seventh son of King George III of the United Kingdom and Queen Charlotte. He held the title of Duke of Cambridge from 1801 until his death. He served as Viceroy of the Kingdom of Hanover successively on behalf of his elder brothers King George IV and King William IV.

Prince Adolphus married Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel in 1818, by whom he had three children: Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, Princess Augusta of Cambridge and Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge.

Early life
Prince Adolphus was born in February 1774 at Buckingham House, then known as the "Queen's House", in the City and Liberty of Westminster, now within Greater London. He was the youngest son of King George III and Queen Charlotte to survive childhood.

Adolphus was baptized on 24 March 1774 in the Great Council Chamber at St James's Palace by Frederick Cornwallis, Archbishop of Canterbury. His godparents were Prince John Adolphus of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (his great-uncle, for whom the Earl of Hertford, Lord Chamberlain, stood proxy), Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Kassel (his first cousin once removed, for whom the Earl of Jersey, Extra Lord of the Bedchamber, stood proxy) and Princess Wilhelmina of Orange (the wife of his first cousin once removed, for whom Elizabeth Howard, Dowager Countess of Effingham, former Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Charlotte, stood proxy).

Adolphus was tutored at home until summer 1786, when he was sent to the University of Göttingen in Germany, along with his brothers Prince Ernest (created Duke of Cumberland in 1799) and Prince Augustus (created Duke of Sussex in 1801).

Military career
Adolphus was made honorary Colonel-in-Chief of the Hanoverian Guard Foot Regiment 1789–1803, but his military training began in 1791, when he and Prince Ernest went to Hanover to study under the supervision of the Hanoverian commander Field Marshal Wilhelm von Freytag. He remained on Freytag's staff during the Flanders Campaign in 1793. His first taste of action was at Famars on 23 May. He was wounded and captured at the Battle of Hondschoote 6 September, but was quickly rescued. As a Hanoverian General-Major, he commanded a Hessian brigade under his paternal great-uncle, General Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn in Autumn 1794, then commanded the Hanoverian Guards during the retreat through Holland. Remaining in Germany, he commanded a brigade of the Corps of Observation from 22 October 1796 until 12 January 1798. He was made a British Army colonel in 1794, and lieutenant general on 24 August 1798. In 1800 – whilst stationed in the Electorate of Hanover – he attended the founding of a village (part of the settlement of the moorlands north of Bremen), which was named after him: Adolphsdorf (since 1974 a component locality of Grasberg).

During the War of the Second Coalition against France (1799–1802), Adolphus traveled to Berlin in 1801, in order to prevent the impending Prussian occupation of the Electorate. France demanded it, as it was stipulated in the Peace of Basel (1795), obliging Prussia to ensure the Holy Roman Empire's neutrality in all the latter's territories north of the demarcation line at the river Main, including Hanover. Regular Hanoverian troops, therefore, had been commandeered to join the multilateral so-called "Demarcation Army". His efforts were in vain. In 1803, he was senior army commander, and replaced Wallmoden as commander on the Weser on 1 June. With the advance of French forces on one side and 24,000 Prussian soldiers on the other, the situation was hopeless. Cambridge refused to become involved in discussions of capitulation, handed over his command to Hammerstein (Ompteda claims he was forced to resign ), and withdrew to England. A plan to recruit additional soldiers in Hanover to be commanded by the Prince had also failed.

In 1803, Adolphus was appointed as commander-in-chief of the newly founded King's German Legion, and in 1813, he became field marshal. George III appointed Prince Adolphus a Knight of the Garter on 2 June 1776, and created him Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Tipperary, and Baron Culloden on 24 November 1801.

The Duke served as colonel-in-chief of the Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards (Coldstream Guards after 1855) from September 1805, and as colonel-in-chief of the 60th (The Duke of York's Own Rifle Corps) Regiment of Foot from January 1824. After the collapse of Napoleon's empire, he was Military Governor of Hanover from 4 November 1813 – 24 October 1816, then Governor General of Hanover from 24 October 1816 – 20 June 1837 (viceroy from 22 February 1831). He was made Field Marshal 26 November 1813. While he was Viceroy, the Duke became patron of the Cambridge-Dragoner. Regiment of the Hanoverian Army. This regiment was stationed in Celle, and their barracks, Cambridge-Dragoner Kaserne, were used by the Bundeswehr until 1995. The "March of the Hannoversches Cambridge-Dragoner-Regiment" is part of the Bundeswehr's traditional music repertoire.

Marriage
After the death of Princess Charlotte in 1817, the Duke was set the task of finding a bride for his eldest unmarried brother, the Duke of Clarence (later William IV), in the hope of securing heirs to the throne—Charlotte had been the only legitimate grandchild of George III, despite the fact that the King had twelve surviving children. After several false starts, the Duke of Clarence settled on Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen. The way was cleared for the Duke of Cambridge to find a bride for himself. The Duke of Cambridge was married first at Kassel, Hesse on 7 May and then at Buckingham Palace on 1 June 1818 to his second cousin Augusta (25 July 1797 – 6 April 1889), the third daughter of Prince Frederick of Hesse.

Viceroy
From 1816 to 1837, the Duke of Cambridge served as viceroy of the Kingdom of Hanover on behalf of his elder brothers, George IV and later William IV. When his niece succeeded to the British throne on 20 June 1837 as Queen Victoria, the 122-year union of the crowns of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended, due to Hanover being under Salic Law; the succession of Ernest Augustus as King of Hanover saw the Duke of Cambridge's period as viceroy end, and he returned to Britain.

Death
The Duke of Cambridge died on 8 July 1850 at Cambridge House, Piccadilly, London, and was buried in a specially-constructed extension to St Anne's Church, Kew. The Duchess was buried alongside him in 1889. Their remains were removed to St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1930. The Prince's only son, Prince George, succeeded to his peerages.

Honours

 * KG: Knight of the Garter, 2 June 1786
 * GCB: Knight Grand Cross of the Bath (military), 2 January 1815
 * GCMG: Grand Master of St Michael and St George, 20 June 1825; Principal Knight Grand Cross, 16 August 1832
 * PC: Privy Counsellor, 1802
 * GCH: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order, 12 August 1815

Foreign
 * Knight of the Black Eagle, 21 September 1823 (Prussia)
 * Knight of St. Andrew, 1844 (Russia)
 * Knight Grand Cross of the Golden Lion, 6 May 1818 (Hesse-Kassel)

Arms
The Duke's arms were the Royal Arms of the House of Hanover, with a three-point label of difference. The first and third points containing two hearts, and the centre point bearing a red cross. His arms were adopted by his younger daughter, Princess Mary Adelaide, and her heirs included them in their arms quartered with the arms of the Duke of Teck.

Issue
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge had three children:

title: Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge


text:
Talk:Gregor Gysi

Untitled
Well,

I am new in Wikipedia and just wanted to correct the appreviation of the German social democratic party which is SPD (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, Social Democratic Party of Germany). Such (minor) mistakes might be omitted by always given the original language name of all organisations mentioned, just as I saw that for Chinese names also the Chinese characters are given (what I appreciate very much).

Wolfgang Pomrehn

 * Fixed the abbreviation. For future reference, you can just click "edit this page" and correct any errors you see -- be bold! --Delirium 19:10, Aug 4, 2003 (UTC)

Name
What kind of name is Gysi actually? It sounds Hungarian to me. Is my assumption correct? Meursault2004 12:21, 13 September 2005 (UTC) : gysi is jewish or eastgerman (-european)

Jewish Origin?
I read in the article: He is nominally of Jewish origin. What is meant with "nominally"? His father was nominally jew, his mother not, and he does not consider himself as a jew. If his mother would have been jewish, this sentence could make some sense, but not like this. -- Arne List 17:24, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

Gysi looks like a Hungarian name, but Google doesn't turn up any Hungarian Gysis, only Germans. There is no such thing as a "Jewish name" unless it is a Hebrew name, which Gysi is not. And a person can't be of "nominally Jewish origin." If his mother is not Jewish then he is not Jewish. The most that can be said is that he is of Jewish descent on his father's side. Adam 09:20, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Well I guess the Liberal Jewish Communities over here would accept him, if he was brought up Jewish. But this might not have been the case since he grew up in the GDR. Besides it does not matter, but I am curious were you read that Arne? He is without any doubt the most charismatic person among politicians over here; if you ask me. He is next to Oscar Lafontaine, former Social Democrat (who feels a bit populist to me at times, but please don't bother about my limited perspective; I simply chocked once or twice about one or two of his sentences)the main force behind the union of the Left Party, a world that must make Americans choke. the union of former Eastern Party members and diverse Western left groups, some left the Social democrats to join, since they felt thy could not support the "neo-liberal" drift any longer. They brought together the former Eastern Communist Party and united it with the western left groups of the most diverse colors, partly Social Democrats and or Union people joined, since they felt the Social Democrats had moved too much towards a neo-liberal outlook (see Blair's New Labor). Gysi was the Eastern "frontman" in the enterprise and "LaFontaine" the Western.

 * Anyway you should consider to contribute something over at the "DIE LINKE/The Left". I am just passing by, with not much time. But if you are very, very patient, I may return in early September and help to shift a little information over from the German site.

 * Besides, Adam's comment is completely correct, apart from the exception to the rule there is no such thing as a Jewish name, that's a Nazi myth. Very shortly the Prussian king tried to stigmatize Jews after the emancipation via names, but his civil servants simply ignored his orders over the times; since matters were not so easy. Jewish names, due to the ghetto situation were only less modernized than German ones. Here lies the core of the later Nazi myth. A good point in case is the Vice President of the Berlin police, whose name was ?Bernhard? Weiss, Goebbels and his forces tried to drive him up the pole, which is a longer story, what is important in this context is that they called him Isidor (another longer story), if there would have been such a thing as a typically Jewish name, would they have needed to pin an additional one on him? All this of cause did not prevent them from spreading the myth of Jewish names. Weiss is simply White, a perfectly German name. My mother's name was Hahn, animals were considered suspicious too.  LeaNder 09:58, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, there is still some lingering effect from the historical fact that the Nazi definition of "Jew" was, unlike the definition used by Jews themselves, "anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent". Thus, for example, Gysi would be eligible for emigration to Israel under its Law of Return if he so chose, and would have been persecuted had he been alive during WW2. --Delirium 15:55, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Chairman of the parliamentary group Left Party
Is it Gysi or LaFontaine? Both articles (Gregor Gysi and Oskar Lafontaine have this tag at the bottom as the current Chairman. And also if I may say that Gregor Gysi is the man! I wish we have a left leader like him in the U.S.

 * I believe they have some sort of co-leadership arrangement, in order to have both sides of the pre-merger party represented (Gysi from the Eastern-heavy PDS and Lafontaine from the Western-heavy WASG). Gysi seems to more often be described specifically as the parliamentary floor leader, though. --Delirium (talk) 19:24, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

Place of birth
Incorrectly given as the German Democratic Republic. The German Democratic Republic (Deutsche Demokratische Republik - DDR) was not founded until 7 October 1949. Gysi was born in 1948 in the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany.Intermax (talk) 22:14, 7 November 2011 (UTC)

Dr.
I removed the "Dr." from Gysi's name at the very start of the article. Gysi may have earned an academic doctorate, but in English "Dr." is a title and not part of one's name. (I know it's different in German, where the "Dr." can be appended to one's name for use in official documentation.) Moreover, in English, generally speaking, only physicians are known socially or informally as "Dr.", e.g. Dr. Livingstone. Gysi has a doctorate in law. Poldy Bloom (talk) 02:53, 21 December 2012 (UTC)

 * In Germany the Dr. becomes part of the name. It's like having another given name and your signature is not valid without the Dr. The complete version is what one wants, i.e. Dr. jur. for a doctor of law, Dr. med. for a doctor of medicine, and in my father's case it was Dr. rer. nat. but I don't know how to translate that. My late father was a doctor of physics in Germany. A Dr. title can be revoked if you are a convicted criminal. After what I experienced through the Kohl-Regime, his Dr. should have been revoked but the system does not work like that any more. Doctores among themselves drop that title and it is bad form to remind anyone that you want to be addressed as Dr.; Kohl once rebuked a journalist for not addressing him with the Dr. and had my father been alive he would have said 'just shows he is a social climber'. In the Bundestag speech December 2015, it says 'Dr. Gregor Gysi' on the sign, as it is part of his name. I came a across a Dr. Tom Smith, a university lecturer specialising in Asian studies; in the old money that would have been Tom Smith, PhD. Maybe in English it should read "Gregor Gysi, Dr. jur.'There is no straightforward solution when cultures are different. 2001:8003:A0B9:EF00:A4F2:26BA:2474:37BF (talk) 23:48, 26 December 2016 (UTC)

Nazis, Native population, and lower birth rates
A recent rally advert by Gysi insinuated native populations being replaced with foreign populations as a healthier future for Germany. The term "Nazi" was used-- a very sensitive and inflammatory statement in contemporary Germany. In addition, insinuating that lower birth rates among certain populations would be meaningful and potentially advantageous was inflammatory, thus qualifying as controversial. It appears that 91.235.8.237 did not accurately translate the documents or video. 91.235.8.237 also eliminated an entire section--'controversies' and thus may be close to edit warring. Should future edit warring occur, 91.235.8.237 will be reported. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.160.244.2 (talk) 10:35, 31 July 2015 (UTC)

 * 91.235.8.237 here.
 * In no way or form does Gysi suggest:
 * - That native population should be replaced with foreign population.
 * - That all native Germans are Nazis.
 * The video in question uses a misleading or outright wrong translation of Gysis statement. This rally advert was a non-issue in Germany for a very obvious reason - it is not controversial. The german statement has no content relevant for a biographic article.
 * Since your added content is erroneous and based on an anti-Semitic source, I will in accordance with the biographies of living persons policy continue to remove it immediately.
 * --Agrajag! (talk) 20:08, 31 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Besides that, your first addition about the Stasi collaboration is already discussed in "Post-Unification" in greater detail and therefore redundant.
 * Agrajag! (talk) 20:18, 31 July 2015 (UTC)

 * I have to agree with 91.235.8.237
 * The video is mistranslated and was a non issue in Germany and I couldn't find one newsarticle mentioning it as controversial.
 * What he says is to the effect of "The Nazis luckily reproduce just as slow/little as the rest of the Germans."
 * --Dartz~dewiki (talk) 21:49, 27 September 2021 (UTC)

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Stasi helper?
I am confused why this in the opening paragraph of the English version for Gregor Gysi:

> He has strongly denied allegations that he used to help the Stasi – the East German secret police.

This doesn't exist in the German version. It is also a bit strange, as this would be well-documented if he was a "helper of the Stasi" (whatever that means). This standard of clarifying their relationship to the Stasi doesn't appear to exist for other East German politicians who were politically active in the DDR. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.45.251.253 (talk) 06:55, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

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Position as President of the European Left
On 15 December 2019 "At the sixth Congress of the European Left in Malaga under the motto: "Reset Europe - Go Left!" Heinz Bierbaum was elected with 66.7 percent as the new President of the European Left. He succeeds Gregor Gysi, who held the office since December 2016." The Left (Germany) --Supremerino (talk) 20:50, 7 August 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 08:06, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Oskar Lafontaine and Gregor Gysi election poster.jpg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Gregor Gysi


text:
Talk:Volkskammer

SDP or SPD?
we have no SDP in Germany the correct name is SPD

 * That's wrong: the newly founded East German Socialdemocrats called themself the "SDP" until re-union and the merger between SDP and SPD. -- till we ☼ ☽ | Talk 11:45, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

How were members (s)elected pre 1990
The article doesnt explain itself very well. It mentions "the first free elections on 18 March 1990" but doesnt explain how members were (s)elected prior to that. Were there elections and if so how were they "unfree" ?

It also states that "all opposition parties were effectively controlled by the dominant SED" but doesnt explain how with just under a quarter of the seats the SED were in a position to dominate letalone "control" the other parties ?

Were there any independent/non-party members or attempts to start new (or breakaway) parties by people unhappy with the nine existing ones ? 80.229.222.48 (talk) 17:20, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I'll do my best to answer based on my limited knowledge.

 * The control of the Volkskammer, which met infrequently and only acted as a rubber stamp, was achieved through the use of the "unified ticket" of the National Front.

 * Basically, the SED brass decided how the next Volkskammer would look, selected the candidates from their own party, as well as the affiliated "mass organizations" like the trade union group etc. and put the entire slate to be "yea"-ed or "nay"-ed by them populace. Of course, with only the one slate running, it won handily. Most of the "other parties" were really extensions of the SED.

 * The parties that corresponded to West German ones, like the CDU, were allowed to exist by the SED to give their regime a sheen of legitimacy. They were forced to participate in the National Front scheme, and were heavily spied on. They basically were hamstrung shells of what they'd really be in a free political system. oknazevad (talk) 06:22, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

it's great that you know something about the east german political system, but it should be verifiable. without good citations to back it up, this article reeks of bias.174.22.79.41 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 04:35, 9 November 2009 (UTC).

Separate page for 1990 election?
Would anyone object if I took the info about the 1990 election, which was a legitimate contested free election, and moved it to East German election, 1990? This article should be about the body as an abstract -- it seems more in keeping with Wikipedia style to have this election on its own page. --Jfruh (talk) 19:52, 24 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Ooops, I see the article does exist: East German general election, 1990. Should be linked to more thoroughly, I think. --Jfruh (talk) 03:35, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

Requested move 26 June 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved. BHG makes a good case for the rename that has not been countered. As a bit of an aside, I generally agree with Bermicourt's comments in the discussion – though we generally prefer the most common name in English reliable sources, it is not always as simple as that, especially in cases where sources are sparse. Jenks24 (talk) 10:03, 5 July 2016 (UTC)

– the English-language WP:COMMONNAME of the parliament of East Germany is "Volkskammer", used as a loanword. The article was created by in 2003 as "Volkskammer". It was moved to "People's Chamber" in 2009 by Gryffindor, apparently without discussion, with the rationale "move to English name per Wiki convention on languages". I believe that this good-faith move was based on mistaken understanding of policy. The policy at WP:COMMONNAME is to use the name most commonly used in English-language reliable sources ... and that may be an English translation of the name, or it may be a loanword from the original language. The decision is made on a case-by-case basis, so other articles on national parliaments in non-English-speaking countries include both translated titles (e.g. French Parliament, National Assembly (France), Federal Assembly (Austria), Hellenic Parliament, National Assembly (Serbia)) and untranslated (e.g. Norway's Storting, Denmark's Folketing, Germany's Bundestag and Reichstag, Spanish Cortes Generales, Ireland's Oireachtas and Dáil Éireann). In this case, the common usage in English-language reliable sources is "Volkskammer". I would also have searched Google News, but can't figure out how to restrict it to English-language results. Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 11:26, 26 June 2016 (UTC)
 * People's Chamber → Volkskammer
 * Presidium of the People's Chamber → Presidium of the Volkskammer
 * English-language Gbooks hits: Volkskammer: ~330, but People's Chamber: ~230
 * English-language Google Scholar hits: Volkskammer+Germany: ~1000, but "People's Chamber"+Germany: ~340
 * English-language JSTOR hits: ((Volkskammer) AND (Germany)): 227 hits, but (("People's Chamber") AND (Germany)): 110 hits.
 * PS Note that the phrase "People's Chamber" may also be used in a generic sense. To exclude those usages, the searches above all include the word "Germany".  I also applied this to searches for "Volkskammer", to provide a fair comparison. -- Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 11:36, 26 June 2016 (UTC)

Translating my results into percentages, Volkskammer gets: 59% of Gbooks hits, 75% of Google Scholar hits, and 67% of JSTOR hits. Since peer-reviewed journals are the gold-standard for reliable sources, those Gscholar and JSTOR results are the ones to focus one. -- Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 22:08, 26 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Comment – Just to clarify, if renamed this requested move would also lead to the renaming of Category:People's Chamber, Category:Members of the People's Chamber and Presidium of the People's Chamber for consistency? Calistemon (talk) 15:11, 26 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Reply My intention was that if this head article was renamed, the categories would be speedily renamed per WP:C2D. I wasn't aware of the existence of the article Presidium of the People's Chamber until you kindly mentioned it here, so I will now add it to this discussion. -- Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 16:45, 26 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Comment On Google Books "Volkskammer" + "East Germany" gets 4,080 and "Peoples Chamber" + "East Germany" gets 2,800. So both are common English names but on pure frequency it's about 4:3 in favour of Volkskammer. --Bermicourt (talk) 20:34, 26 June 2016 (UTC)
 * P.S. but I've never been clear about the weighting Wikipedia gives to WP:COMMONNAME vs. WP:USEENGLISH. Presumably if the results were 50/50 we'd go for the English name, but what about 55/45 in favour of the native name; does a common English name ever trump a slightly more common native name?? Bermicourt (talk) 20:36, 26 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Reply I'm not sure what search you used on Gbooks, because you didn't post any links. I described how I did the searches, and posted links ... and note that I followed through to the end of the hits to find out how many there actually are, rather than relying on the wildly inaccurate "about" figure on the first page (which appears to be what you did).
 * PS I don't see any clash between WP:COMMONNAME and WP:USEENGLISH. Take a look at WP:USEENGLISH, which says The title of an article should generally use the version of the name of the subject which is most common in the English language, as you would find it in reliable source.  That's the same principle as WP:COMMONNAME ... and WP:USEENGLISH says further Where there is an English word, or exonym, for the subject but a native version is more common in English-language usage, the English name should be mentioned but should not be used as the article title.. -- Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 08:40, 27 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Keep. Gryffindor (talk) 10:13, 28 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Why? Do you have any policy-based reason for that? -- Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 16:12, 28 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Comment. So frequency (in reliable English sources) is the sole criterion. I guess that's good where the subject is commonplace (as this one is). Where IME it becomes problematic is where there are just a few sources and you can see that the authors don't know how typically to translate words. For example, Rhine Valley is the usual English translation of Rheintal, but for a small valley such as Footal, there may be 5 English sources that use the native name and 3 that follow normal translation practice for better-known German rivers and call it "Foo Valley". I'd tend to opt for the latter. But then translation is more of an art than a science. Re your stats; well done - they seem to confirm that we should use the native name and I wouldn't have a problem with that in this case. Bermicourt (talk) 15:20, 28 June 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Proposal for table change
Would anyone object if I place this table instead of the "typical slate" table? I saw it on the Dutch wikipedia. In this one you get a better sense of how the distribution of parliamentary seats remained constant throughout almost all legislatures. And you get an overview of all elections before 1990.

¹ Eastern Bureau of the Social Democratic Party of Germany — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sgomag (talk • contribs) 19:20, 9 October 2016 (UTC)

--Sgomag (talk) 19:28, 9 October 2016 (UTC)

Since there have been no objections I just added the table. --Sgomag (talk) 20:42, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

How voting worked -- description doesn't make sense
These two paragraphs, though immediately adjacent to each other, seem to contradict one another, or describe different processes:

''The members of the chamber were elected in multi-member constituencies, with four to eight seats. To be elected, a candidate needed to receive half of the valid votes cast in their constituency. If, within a constituency, an insufficient number of candidates got the majority needed to fill all the seats, a second round was held within 90 days. If the number of candidates getting this majority exceeds the number of seats in the respective constituency, the order of the candidates on the election list decided who got to sit in the Volkskammer. Candidates who lost out on a seat because of this, would become successor candidates who would fill casual vacancies which might occur during a legislative period.''

''Only one candidate appeared on the ballot; voters simply took the ballot paper and dropped it into the ballot box. Those who wanted to vote against the candidate had to go to a special booth, without any secrecy...''

If every ballot only has one name on it, then the process of electing multiple members for the constituency, as described in the first paragraph, doesn't really make sense. Did the voter get multiple ballot papers, one for each seat in the constituency? --Jfruh (talk) 03:36, 18 September 2018 (UTC)

 * As far as I remember (no, I wasn't there, but one reads stuff) voters had a choice.  The party proposed a list of approved candidates.   You could turn up at the polling station (and reported results indicate that almost everyone qualified to vote did) and vote for the party's list of candidates.   Or you could vote against the party's list.   You voted for the party list by placing your ballot paper in one ballot box.   You voted against the party list by placing your ballot paper in a second ballot box.   The two ballot boxes were generally placed far apart from one another.   Voting against the party list involved wandering across to the "against" ballot box while the election officials looked on.   So voters had a choice - to vote or not to vote.   They almost all voted.   And they had the choice of whether to vote for or against the party list.   They almost all chose to vote for it.   Clear as mud?  If anyone knows a nice clear and reliable source - preferably accessible online - for the modalities of parliamentary elections in East Germany I would be grateful to known of it.   And it might be helpful to include such a source with the "Volkskammer" wiki-entry.  Regards Charles01 (talk) 09:53, 18 September 2018 (UTC)

 * I understand the nature of the yes/no "forced choice." My question is about the fact that the article says "only one candidate appeared on the ballot." If the ballot actually contained a list of party-approved candidates, then that works with the description of how the multimember constituency works. But I wanted to make sure that was the case, since the article specifically says one candidate. --Jfruh (talk) 03:19, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Yes.  My understanding - at least as regards general / national elections - is that  "only one candidate appeared on the ballot" is an incorrect statement.   They used a (perverted form of) the list system.   But maybe there was an exception at some point of which I know nothing.   And (repetitive, yes) if anyone knows a nice clear and reliable source - preferably accessible online - for the modalities of parliamentary elections in East Germany I would be grateful to known of it.  Regards Charles01 (talk) 05:59, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Volkskammer


text:
User:StevePowell

Steve Powell

is a husband, father of two daughters, and a software engineer who used to walk to work in IBM UK Laboratories, based in a village in Hampshire called Hursley. He now works for another company in Chilworth, but still lives in Hursley and drives the 5 miles to work each day.

He was born in 1953, obtained a(n improper?) double first degree in Mathematics in 1975 and a MSc in Software Engineering in 2003. He still mourns the passing of Spike Milligan.

He enjoys walking, recreational mathematics and what he can remember of his degree, and is attracted to Wikipedia by the mathematical proofs therein. He also sings tenor in a West gallery music choir which gives concerts in and around Hampshire throughout the year.

title: User:StevePowell


text:
Talk:Maastricht

Autonomous area?
I seem to recall there was an area near the present German-Dutch-Belgian junction that was forgotten by the Congress of Vienna and thus was not assigned to any state until the treaties after 1918. Was it Maastrict? If not where was it and what was it called? --StanZegel 07:07, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * No, it was Neutral Moresnet, near the Dutch-Belgian-German three-country border point, and between the Belgian village of Moresnet and the Dutch village of Vaals. Some 5,000 people lived there by 1900 and it was a refuge for free-thinkers. Maastricht has been in the Netherlands ever since 1815 and as an enclave within Belgian area from 1830-1839.--Caesarion 14:25, 18 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Photograph
The photograph of the Maasticht skyline is a nice photograph, but not very illustrative of Maastricht. The skyline-idea could work quite well, though. Maybe next time I'm in town I'll take one. DirkvdM 19:04, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Verify
Could someone verify if anything in Berg en Terblijt is correct, and if so, clean it up a bit. I don't know enough about it or the language to improve the article. Thanks - Taxman Talk 20:45, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Disambiguation?
I think it would be useful to have one of those bars at the top of the page that read: "This article refers to the city of Maastricht. For the political treaty, click here." [That's how I got to this page, lol] I don't know how to set that up, though, could someone help me out? Nicolasdz 11:47, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Done. --Boothy443 | trácht ar 05:51, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Coat of Arms Maastricht.gif
Image:Coat of Arms Maastricht.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:25, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

>> I think this is fixed now, right? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 149.156.86.112 (talk) 12:57, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

Recent Vandalism
This article has been vandalised by RayleneWauda; it could also simply be mistakes made by him/her as a newcomer. The point is that the article has been partially deleted. Since I'm not really THE specialist on undoing these type of things I could use some help. Thank you LightPhoenix 15:10, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Thank you, "85.146.180.205" for your help! LightPhoenix 20:47, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

2 Euro-tops
The following text has been reverted without any argumentation on 9-19 by an anonymus.

''"As a matter of fact it was the initial version, that was signed here; the definite version was signed in Dublin. By the way another European Top Conference had been held in this town some 6 years earlier. It is known to be the one, that ended in as good as all present statesmen and -women having been affected with the Salmonella bacterium, which gave them the opportunity to frequently found out, how good the locally produced toilets of a more or less well known brand function."

Like to know, what was the argumantation to remove this information? James Blond 04:42, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Airplane noise
When some thirty years ago there were protests from villages in it's direct neighbourhood against the planned developement of a very small air-port at Beek, to a bigger one, in Maastricht, which town is nearby, but in a distance, where it doesn't have any noise problems, according to a regional newspaper, there were reactions like: "If the citizens of Maastricht in this way can get an opportunity to travel to Mallorca directly (without first having to travel to Schiphol), than of course protests from a farmersvillage like Ulestraten can not be regarded to be of any importance". According to this (Dutch) website, by now the inhabitants of Maastricht, are more and more concerned about the developement of the air-port at the (small) village Bierset (Belgium) to "another Schiphol". According to local protestgroups, airplanes are "not only bad for health of inhabitants of surrounding places, but also polluting and contributing to the greenhouse-effect". In case insiders can confirm, that this item has been in newspapers and/or other media already, so that sources are available, it could be mentioned in this acticle as well. James Blond —Preceding comment was added at 11:36, 25 October 2007 (UTC) You know, I never see or hear airplanes, but early, really early every morning a plan passes over my apartment. Often loud enough to wake me up. So, yeah, it bugs me! Of course, that qualifies as "original research". 84.198.11.132 (talk) 04:13, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

Demographics
I think there should be a section on Maastricht's straqnge demographics. Because it's such a student town, there are thousands of kids (mostly 20 to 25, they start late around here), especially in the inner city. In my neighborhood, Buitenwijk Zuid-West, there are lots of old people. I'd say mostly over 60. Few children in the whole city, and few middle-aged. Thing is, I don't have any reliable source. Just my observation. Worth looking into? The Nederlandse wiki committee calls this article a "Start" after all, so it seems more information would be good.

History
In the History section, subsection "Part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands", it reads "despite being geographically and culturally closer to Belgium". The geographical statement seems obvious, but how is the cultural argument supported? It seems a rather vague statement to make, so unless it can be supported by evidence I suggest to change it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 149.156.86.112 (talk) 13:01, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

Oldest City
Maastricht is not the oldest city of the Netherlands. The discussions on this subject concluded a couple of years ago that Nijmegen is the oldest city in the Netherlands. --Unknown

 * Discussions like this never conclude. It depends a lot on what you mean by "city" and whether the present-day city is truely a continuation of the ancient settlement. --Unknown

 * Discussions indeed came to no conclusion, but it is clear what the arguments are. Nijmegen was the first with Roman city rights; Maastricht the first with Medieval city rights. I incorporated this in the article. Piotr Kapretski 13:59, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Maastricht is the oldest city and not else! Nijmegen maybe got the Roman city rights title first, but Maastricht was founded much earlier and was a city much earlier! --Unknown
 * By the way; this is an endless discussion in the Netherlands ;-) --Unknown

 * This discussion is semi-resolved. Nijmegen is currently (according to the research currently done) widely considered the oldest city. Yes, Maastricht has been settled at least a few hundred years longer but there are other settlements that might have been settled even longer. Roman city rights, a degree of self-governance and city allure are the commonly used criteria in this discussion and in that respect Nijmegen has the most solid claim. See also the Dutch article: nl:Oudste stad van Nederland.

ya, —Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.226.239.158 (talk) 16:22, 2 April 2010 (UTC)

According to that article the town of Voorburg is much older as a settlement than M. So in that sence M. cannot be the oldest city. In the sence of "first city" it cannot be either, because that clearly is Nijm. Sorry, but more than "one of the three oldest cities of the Neth.", seems to be out of reach. VKing (talk) 12:37, 1 August 2010 (UTC)

Caves
We really, really need an article on the Grotten Sint-Pietersberg. They are a major attraction of the city and contain some of its (and indeed Europe's) most interesting history. I do not have all the knowledge to write this, but someone ought to. Amber388 (talk) 05:26, 8 May 2010 (UTC)

Cannabis
This is notable event which ought be included:

http://www.aolnews.com/article/dutch-city-gets-ok-to-ban-tourists-from-marijuana-cafes/19557202 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.143.210.148 (talk) 15:31, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

accuracy of one of the articles
The Guardian article about the bookshop in the Dominicanen Kirk. It does not proclaim it the most beautiful book shop in the world. It actually lists ten bookshops "considered to be the fairest of them all", so it should read one of the top ten most beautiful bookshops ... If you read the other write ups you see they are not in any particular order.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/jan/11/bestukbookshops — Preceding unsigned comment added by Spin007drift (talk • contribs) 21:21, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

Official name is not Matztricht
I just changed the official name and native name of the city from Matztricht and Matztreech respectively to Maastricht and Mestreech. I live in Maastricht and my family speaks Mesteechs, and I can assure you that neither of these names begins with 'Matz'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.120.68.148 (talk) 14:29, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

Importance rating on WikiProject Cities
It appears that this article ought to be ′upgraded′ to Mid-importance rather than low, seeing as it is the provincial capital (and perhaps also because of the Treaty of Maastricht and the fact that it is one of the oldest and most touristic cities in the Netherlands). Also, cities like 's-Hertogenbosch and Arnhem are classified as such, despite the fact that their population is also below 200,000.Jeroenm (talk) 09:51, 29 November 2012 (UTC)

Language
French ... part of secondary school curricula, German ... part of secondary school curricula, English ... important language in education ... (by certain part of the population) used as lingua franca ... mandatory subject in Dutch elementary and secondary schools... Honestly, does all this need to be included in this article? This pretty much goes for the entire country. The only really notable parts in this section are the Maastricht dialect and the fact that it has once (long, long ago) been a French speaking city. PPP (talk) 18:46, 18 August 2013 (UTC)
 * The whole section seems to be a good candidate for rewriting in a proper text form rather than a bulleted list. I agree that the school curriculum does not need a place in this article. CRwikiCA  talk 19:10, 18 August 2013 (UTC)
 * long,long, ago? That is a subjective term. The last French newspaper only disappeared a century ago (on the time scale of Maastricht, that is very recent), whereas due to the proximity of Liège, the language can still be heard daily on the streets and is understood and spoken by relatively many natives.137.120.181.80 (talk) 16:32, 17 December 2015 (UTC)

Timeline of Maastricht
What is missing from the recently created city timeline article? Please add relevant content! Contributions welcome. Thank you. -- M2545 (talk) 14:39, 25 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Everything, in my opinion. See my comments here. I hate to be negative but I can't even see the beginning of a decent article there. It's a list of misinformation. Kleon3 (talk) 23:04, 25 October 2015 (UTC)

Climate Data
Maybe it should be noted that the Climate data for Maastricht from the KNMI are actually from a station at Maastricht-Aachen Airport, which is about 10km to the north of the city centre and well outside build up area. Both the maximum and minimum temperature in the city are notably warmer year round and by up to two degrees during hot summer days (and nights). This is partly due to Urban Heat Island effects, but also partly due to Geography: Whereas the airport is built on a windy plateau (114m above sea level), most of Maastricht sits protected in the Maas valley (lowest point below 40m above sea level). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.120.181.80 (talk) 16:43, 17 December 2015 (UTC)

Climate data for the MAA meteorologic station are now available for the period 1991-2020: https://www.knmi.nl/klimaat-viewer/grafieken-tabellen/klimaattabellen-per-station/maastricht/klimaattabel_maastricht_1991-2020 143.176.94.161 (talk) 10:04, 26 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Maastricht


text:
User talk:StevePowell

Hello! Welcome to the 'pedia. FAQs are here. Hopefully the search won't be disabled for too long, it's a temporary measure at any rate. - Hephaestos 14:31, 4 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Um, I think this is a reply. Thanks for the welcome. Zteve 14:56, 4 Aug 2003 (UTC)

OK. Back after a long absence -- this time because of the entry on John Keble. Zteve (talk) 10:04, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:StevePowell


text:
User:TheChin!

Beware, I live!

title: User:TheChin!


text:
Beige box

In consumer computer products, a beige box is a standard personal computer (PC). It has come to be used as a term of derision implying conservative or dated aesthetics and unremarkable specifications. The term is ultimately derived from the style of many early personal computers and dedicated word processors, which were usually beige or similar colors like off white or ecru.

IBM's early desktop computers (e.g. IBM Personal Computer, IBM PC/AT) were beige, and box-shaped, and most manufacturers of clones followed suit. As IBM and its imitators came to dominate the industry, these features became standards of desktop computer design.

Early Macintosh models were a beige color (specifically Pantone 453). Although Apple switched to a desaturated gray they called “Platinum” in 1987, users began to refer to them as “beige” following the introduction of the brightly colored iMac in 1998 and the Blue and White G3 in 1999. It eventually became a standard term to identify any previous Old World Macintosh, such as the “Beige G3.”

While the original Commodore 64 was a deeper brown (specifically, RAL 1019), its second revision in 1986, the C64C, was beige. The German-exclusive minor revision of the original form factor the following year, sometimes referred to as the C64G, combined the new beige color of the C64C with the original larger size case.

The term is also sometimes used to distinguish generic PCs from models made by "name brands" such as Compaq, Dell, or HP. In the early years of these companies, most of their units were beige as well. More recently, as name-brand manufacturers have moved away from beige (typically switching to black, dark gray, and silver-colored cases), inexpensive generic cases became more distinct as "beige boxes". Today, the term "white box" has largely replaced this usage.

title: Beige box


text:
User talk:Jeff~enwiki

Hello there Jeff, welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you ever need editing help visit How does one edit a page or how to format them visit our manual of style. Experiment at Sandbox. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump or my talk page.

I have a suggestion: you could have a look in www.genealogia.sapo.pt - it contains a very complete Gotha Book online. It has information about everybody. It's in portuguese, but princess is not so different to princesa. And i think you can find a glossary portuguese-english somewhere (glossário de termos). Unfortunately, the site is "closed" on evenings and weekends. Have fun! Cheers, Muriel Gottrop

Hi Jeff, congratulations on your work on past and present royalty. It is absolutely superb. One suggestion. Don't bold HRH and honours. We agreed on that methodology in a debate on royal naming conventions some months ago. The reason is that for people not au fait with royal styling and terminology being presented with a name buried among a line of letters and references to 'highness' it can make the page opening look daunting. It is useful to people like you and I, but a bit to much for the general reader. Bolding only the actual name and title makes it stand out and that is the key information people are looking for; are they on the page of the right person?

Also, where a female consort possessed a previous name and title, that should go directly after the modern title, without the word former, and the form should be current name, previous name/title (dates). The reason for this is that, as you know, royal consorts are recorded not by marital name but by maiden name, as they lack an ordinal to disambigulate between them and other possessors of the same name. Some people think the former name, when used as the article title should come first, but I am not convinced; it remains an issue of debate. But putting the maiden name down the article, as used to be done, looks clumsy if bolded and has to be bolded to draw attention to it, particular if that is the name the article is under. Using bold italics directly after the main name in bold was found to be the cleanest most user-friendly way of giving information that avoided turning a page into a mass of bolds, italicised bolds and italics, something that can look alkward on some computer screens and some browsers, especially if they are set to 800x600 (why anyone would want to set screens to that beats me, but a lot do for some reason). So the page on Mary of Teck should open as Queen Mary, Princess Mary of Teck. FearÉIREANN 06:37, 6 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Hello Jeff! I would like to add something to the comment above. Is it really necessary to put the full name of the children? I now by personal experience that long names are nothing more a unpratical thing. By the way, what are the initials KC, KGB, etc etc that appear after the names? Muriel Victoria Adelaid Maria ... Gottrop

Muriel and Jtdirl

Thank you for your messages. I am lurker and occassional contributor to the Usenet newsgroup alt.talk.royalty.

I will try to edit my contributions (if someone has not already done so) to condense the names of the royal children and to remove any uncessary formatting (e.g., bold text for royal/noble styles and post-nominal orders of Chivalry and honors). The modern British royal family (e.g., the houses of Hanover, and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha/Windsor) have a habit of giving children an unending list of

Perhaps, I might remove the post-nominals altogether, since Wikepedia articles do not yet exist for the various British orders of chivalry. What do you think? I did not add the Japanese orders of chivalry to the articles on the imperial household of Japan, the Emperors Meiji, Taisho, and Showa, the present Emperor (Akihito), or the Empress Dowager Nagako (Empress Kogan) that I contributed (or edited) earlier.

Briefly, the abbreviations for the British orders are as follows:

 * K.G. - Knight (or Lady) of the Most Noble Order of the Garter
 * K.T. - Knight (or Lady) of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle
 * G.C.B. - Knight (or Dame) Grand Cross of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath
 * K.C.B. - Knight Commander of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath
 * O.M. - Order of Merit
 * G.C.M.G. - Knight (or Dame) Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George
 * K.C.M.G./D.C.M.G. - Knight (or Dame) Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George
 * C.I. - Imperial Order of the Crown of India
 * G.C.V.O. - Knight (or Dame) Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
 * K.C.V.O. - Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
 * D.C.V.O. - Dame Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
 * G.B.E. - Knight (or Dame) Grand Cross of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire
 * K.B.E. - Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire
 * D.B.E. - Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire
 * C.B.E. - Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

I suggest the list above to be put in a new page. As for all these orders of chivalry i think they deserve a page too. Have you checked the link i told you above? Muriel

-

I tried to access the site you suggested above (www.genealogia.sapo.pt) without much success. I understand that the server is only up for a few hours a day. I will keep trying User: Jeff

I would strongly suggest you keep all of the decorations in, though maybe list them perhaps at the end of the page of a person, saying, their full name plus orders was. . . . I for one find them useful. Keep up the good work. FearÉIREANN 13:02, 6 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Hi...what was the point of changing the dates in the Earl of Athlone article to day-month? They all go to month-day anyway. Just curious... Adam Bishop 18:57, 6 Aug 2003 (UTC)

-- I changed the date formats to make them consistent with the sources I use to compile the article (Burke's Peerage, Debretts, Alison Weir's Britain's Royal Families) and with the other articles I contributed (Duke of Kent, Princess Marina, etc.). Have the powers that be at Wikipedia made a decision on the proper date format (month-day-year or day-month-year) for articles?

---

Hi Jeff! Apparently i commited a small mistake. The correct link to that Gotha i showed you is...
 * http://genealogia.sapo.pt/home/

now (16:00 - Central European Time) is working. Cheers, Muriel

--- Thanks Muriel

User: Jeff

Hi. Jeff. I just want to make sure we don't accidentally cover the same ground, I've previously created the Duke of Hamilton, Duke of Abercorn, Duke of Argyll, Duke of Wellington, Duke of Westminster, Earl of Lichfield, Earl of Longford and Earl of Lucan (and a few others possibly), I'm currently working on the Duke of Somerset (a draft version is in my sandbox). Take Care. Mintguy 14:36, 8 Aug 2003 (UTC)

--- Mintguy,

Thanks for the heads up. I had planned to just contribute articles on the dukedoms held by members of the British royal family. I had not planned to create pages on the dukedoms created for the illegitimate sons of James I, Charles I, and Charles II (e.g., duke of Richmond, Lennox, etc.) or the other dukes. BTW, your the pages on the Dukes of Abercon, Westminster, and others are excellent.

Hi. I've kicked of a Wikiproject page at WikiProject Peerage, so discussion can be lumped together in one place :).

Hi. Regarding Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester and the brackets you added for his full name, ponder this quote from Naming conventions (names and titles):

 * Incorporate surnames if they are known in the opening line of an article, eg, Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor. But don't automatically presume that a name of a Royal Family is the personal surname of its members. In many cases it isn't. For visual clarity, an article should begin with the form "{royal title} {name} {ordinal if appropriate}, full name (+ surname if known)" with the former in bold (3 's) and the latter in bold italics (5 's). In practice, this means for example an article on Britain's Queen Elizabeth should begin Queen Elizabeth II, Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor ? with the royal title and name in bold and the personal name in bold italics. Using this format makes sure all the naming information is instantly visible with the distinction highlighted through italics. Other information on royal titles should be listed where appropriate in chronological order.

I think it's better if we follow this pattern throughout all royalty, so "Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, Richard Alexander Walter George Windsor" -- Jao 12:31, 7 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Prince Kaya Kuninori
hi Jeff, i see you have a healthy interest in the japanese royalty? i was wondering about the information on Prince Kaya´s father, it says " father, Prince Asakhiko, was...".

Asakhiko? can we verify that, or is there a typo? thanks alot... Antares911 4 July 2005 13:19 (UTC)

Sorry about the type Antares. It should read "Asahiko" not "Asakhiko."

 * ok, all clear. i just had one more question, do you have any pictures or images of the members of the imperial family, such as Princess Chichibu, or Princess Takamatsu, Prince Hitachi, etc...? that would be really cool. i tried the kunaicho, of course they are not responding... Antares911 8 July 2005 12:56 (UTC)

 * hi Jeff, thanks for the Princess Takamatsu pics, where did you get those?

the pictures of Princess Kiko, Masako, Mako, etc. have been all removed, do you have any? also for the other ones? if you could tell me where you got the from, or just send them all to me, i´ll gladly do the work for you instead if it is too much of a bother for you. thanks... Antares911 21:17, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

Image:1937-wj5-prince-chichibu.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded, Image:1937-wj5-prince-chichibu.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you.

Image Tagging Image:Takamatsuwedding.jpg
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Image Tagging Image:Takatsukasa Wedding 1950.jpg
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Image Tagging Image:Takeda Tsuneyoshi.jpg
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Image Tagging Image:Empress Teimei 1950.jpg
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Image Tagging Image:Prince and Princess Kanin Kotohito (1910).jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Prince and Princess Kanin Kotohito (1910).jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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Image Tagging Image:Asaka.jpg
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Cadet lines of the imperial family
Jeff, that's a great deal of research you've done there. Where did you find all of that? I would like to learn more specifically about the Takaeda branch. Arigato, Chris 00:11, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Higashikuni.gif
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Image Tagging for Image:Kazunomiya.jpg
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Image Tagging for Image:Nagako.jpg
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Image copyright problem with Image:Pr_Higashikuni_Naruhiko_1922.jpg
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Image Tagging for Image:Nashimotonomiya1915.jpg
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Image Tagging for Image:Prince_Fushimi_Sadanaru.jpg
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Image Tagging for Image:Prince_Mikasa.jpg
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Image Tagging for Image:Prince_Takamatsu_(c_1980).jpg
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Question on Japanese nobility
hi Jeff, I have a question regarding the correct naming of japanese royals? It seems to be Prince Tomohito of Mikasa (Mikasa no miya Tomohito shinnō), which is what the kunaicho uses. However we have Prince Kuni Asahiko (Kuni no miya Asahiko shinnō). Could it be that the version "Prince Asahiko of Kuni" is correct as well? does this only apply to shinnō? what about the ō? Prince Kuni Kuniyoshi is correct (Kuni-no-miya Kuniyoshi ō), or is the version "Prince Kuniyoshi of Kuni" possible and correct as well? I am asking because I am drafting up a new rule which can be seen in the Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style (Japan-related articles). domou... Gryffindor 17:40, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

Hello!

I have a question that is related to a historical event that I'm a trifle confused on.

I'm currently reading a book (not a biography) on Eleanor of Aquitaine--onetime wife of Louis VII and Henry II, mother of King Richard the Lionheart, etc.

I don't know if you're familiar with the politics behind this, so I'll just go:

Eleanor became the Duchess of Aquitaine at the age of fifteen, inheriting it instantly from her deceased father. Immediately she was wed to King Louis. Her duchy of Aquitaine was forced to pay homage to France, and fought under France, under Eleanor, who reserved titles of Queen and Duchess. After seven years of marriage with Louis she bullied the pope into annulling the marriage, at which point she was abducted and forced into a marriage with King Henry II. Okay, so here's where I'm confused:

So, Louis was never the Duke, I take it, because Eleanor remained Duchess, and Aquitaine paid homage, and being King of France, it was unnecessary to became Duke.

But when Henry married Eleanor, he, at some point, decides to make decisions as the Duke, without telling Eleanor, who did not acknowledge him as Duke. When Henry starts making decisions as the Duke, however, even though he already is entitled King of England, the book says that that drops Eleanor's role as Duchess. So, I'm confused. Why would Eleanor lose her title as Duchess if Henry became Duke, and why doesn't he assume the title of Duke? I mean, I realize that Aquitaine didn't pay homage, but it doesn't make sense that she would lose her title if he suddenly decided to become Duke.

Anyway, please email comment to me, as I probably would never get around to checking this.

Email to: morvana_dumiruvor@yahoo.com

Thank you very much for your time.

Sincerely,

Morvana

hi
hi 65.3.131.79 22:50, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

Userpage
If you didn't know, your userpage has many spelling mistakes. 'wikipedla' 'diffent', and the constant use of uncapitalized 'I' all subtracts from your userpage.(People in wikipedia need basic english knowledge[not really, but it helps a lot]) The   Wiki  Whippet   (deeds)  01:03, 3 April 2007 (UTC).
 * SO!?!?, what has it got to do with you? Joshuarooney2008 (talk) 10:35, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
I have nominated Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. 16x9 (talk) 21:45, 23 December 2008 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (disambiguation)
I have nominated Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (disambiguation), an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (disambiguation). Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Haruth (talk) 10:48, 28 March 2010 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Jeff. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Jeff~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:50, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:21, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:53, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jeff~enwiki


text:
User:Roller Coaster Fan

My first edits...

title: User:Roller Coaster Fan


text:
User talk:EvanProdromou/July2003

Hello there, welcome to the 'pedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions or how to format them visit our manual of style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump. Cheers! --maveric149

Great job on Palo Duro Canyon. It was one of the 5 featured new articles today. --Menchi 01:01 15 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Do you still oppose the removal of the text about Benjamin Franklin? -- 212.127.141.173 03:55 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Let's just say I'm very suspicious of anyone stripping out debunkage of anti-semitic propaganda. -- ESP 04:57 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Are you slandering me by innuendo? You sound just like RK. Perhaps I should demand an apology now. Anyway, I'm not the only person now who agrees that that portion should be removed. See for yourself.

 * Simmer down, potroast! I was just saying that my kneejerk response was to revert when I saw that 1) all that had been taken out was the anti-anti-semitic stuff 2) you didn't justify your actions in the summary line and 3) it had been reverted once before. Anyways, sounds fine to take it out. -- ESP 05:14 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Thanks for the comment. I write because I like to share what I know with other persons, but these comments encourage me to continue. The Warlock 05:05 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Hi there, and a belated welcome from me! If you are into 19th century US history, you may want to look at Battle of Vicksburg, recently written by User:Dino. It's an impressive article, but I think it could use some copy-editing. Unfortunately I know nothing about the subject, so maybe you want to have a go at it.. Congratulations for being featured (even if only for a day ;-), I have replaced the link on your suggestion. --Eloquence 05:51 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Actually, I had Palo Duro Canyon up yesterday (preen preen). I'm not really all that into 19th century history, but I'll take a look at the B of V. -- ESP 05:58 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Oof, it's huge! -- ESP 05:59 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

-- Great work on the Pike and Pike expedition articles! --mav

 * Thanks! I'm having a lot of fun. -- ESP 04:51 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)

-- Well, yes, they're nice, but for me your finest moment is still Simmer down, potroast. -- Someone else 05:15 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)

-- Lollapalooza is a great addition to Wikipedia! I'm a bit embarrassed that the article didn't exist before... --mav

 * Hey, you know, that's what we're doing here, right? Making the stuff that doesn't yet exist. Anyways, thanks! --ESP 04:53 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Don't be too embarrassed. I doubt that any of our competitors have an article about it .. --Eloquence

 * I think you have a very good point there. --mav

- I hate to say this, but this edit is full of errors:

 * Only proper nouns should be capitalized in the intro. "Bathing machine" is not a proper noun.
 * "Etiquette" is correct.
 * "Voyeurism" is correct.
 * Newspaper titles should be italicized.
 * HTML comments asking for references within the article source text are generally considered acceptable.
 * "Equipped" is much more common than "equipt".
 * Section titles should not be capitalized.
 * " .. with an illustration of a row of bathing machines employing dipper" makes no sense. It should either be "a dipper" or "dippers" (as it was originally).

--Eloquence 05:07 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I know! It's terrible! I'm completely flummoxed as to how that happened! I swear I didn't do all that. I was reading the article, saw some spelling errors ("seperate") edited them, and saved. I fixed "equipt" to "equipped", and "etiquitte" (or whatever it was) to "etiquette". But look at that mess! I don't have any explanation for how it happened -- could I have accidently reverted? could it be a browser problem? -- but I'm 99.9% sure those aren't my edits. Of course, there's the possibility that I'm psychotic. -- ESP 05:16 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * OK, mea maxima culpa. It looks like I opened this edit for some reason -- I'm guessing a misclick when trying to open Infrogmation -- started reading it, then edited it for the terrible spelling, and saved it, doing a weird revert+edit. I'll try to be much more careful in the future. -- ESP 05:22 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I guessed as much (I had already written an explanation, but you were quicker ;-). No biggie. --Eloquence 05:27 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Thanks for your addition of Lollapalooza (or however you spell that) to the Perry Farrell page I created. Nahum 05:52 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Ha ha! You nailed it. Well, I just finished the first draft of Lollapalooza today, so I'm crazy for Perry Farrell. Hey, do you know anything about the ENIT festival? I can't find anything about it. -- ESP 07:14 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Since I live in Israel, I know next to nothing about festivals in the U.S. Nahum 10:14 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

If you liked "Crushing by Elephant", look at Hanno and History of elephants in Europe, and even Abul-Abbas. List of historical elephants used to be more fun before List of fictional elephants got split off :( -- Someone else 07:01 21 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Hooray for elephants! You know, there's a chapel in Lisbon with statues of elephants given to the popes by Portuguese rulers. Very interesting stuff! -- ESP 07:16 21 Jul 2003 (UTC)

defence vs defense is actually a Eur/US spelling difference, rather than a "duh" :) Martin

 * You're right! And I probably shouldn't put in "duh" on my summaries, anyways, even if it's me who make the mistake. -- ESP 00:46 22 Jul 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:EvanProdromou/July2003