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Talk:Gangrene

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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 July 2019 and 23 August 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Lyjanicee, Huyha63, Sharonluong, Laurafansun. Peer reviewers: Blu65.

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Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): 14sew, Trev 2002, Meds2021 a.

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Pictures...
I came across this page as I was swallowing an orange slice. Perhaps it would be prudent to put a warning on the page so readers can brace themselves before seeing the decaying toes? I am not sure how to do this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.91.23.134 (talk • contribs) 22:35, 14 May 2005
 * Most definately... UGH! The second image didn't even look like a foot!
 * TurtleShroom! :) †Jesus Loves You and Died for you!† 00:35, 18 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree with you, it would be better if there were just links to the pictures and a warning that they are not suitable for sensible [= sensitive?] people. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.169.28.152 (talk • contribs) 19:03, 12 June 2005

 * Why are you going to an informative web page about gangrene while eating an orange? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.188.135.128 (talk • contribs) 06:10, 29 June 2005

 * Guys, Wikipedia has had numerous votes about unappetising pictures and others not suitable for everybody. On the whole, the vote always ends up that pictures should not be linked. Sorry. Use Wikipedia at your own risk. JFW | T@lk  19:32, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Cesium_133 01:45 31 July 2005 (EDT): This is wiki, folks... all knowledge should be free and evident here. Pics that are nasty but relevant have a place here, especially if medical in nature...

 * Can the pictures at least go beneath the "fold" ie. where a user of at least 1024x768 would have to scroll down to see them, coupled with a warning at the top of the page? Drw25 14:51, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Put the images in a row across the bottom of the page? Anthony Appleyard 05:47, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The pictures are fine, albeit shocking; but seriously, people should expect this when researching gangrene ( seriously though, still: EW ) 128.195.94.157 19:40, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The images are disturbing, to everyone. Please put in a warning at the top of the screen or at least put the pictures at the bottom of the page. Please. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ifan160 (talk • contribs) 05:55, 22 August 2006

 * Uh. While this IS medical, I personally think that was sick. The last one wasn't THAT bad... the middle was just plain WRONG, and I almost puked when I saw the first one. Poor, poor Houdini, he musta puked whenever he saw his feet. *shudder* I feel sorry for whoever was swallowing an orange slice. :( At least you don't have a BIG BLUE STUB where your BIG TOE is, or a ROTTING GREEN FOOT! *gag* —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.53.94.240 (talk • contribs) 22:49, 2 November 2006

I also agree that the pictures aught to go at the bottom of the page so that one has the option of reading the article without having to see the images. Ggrzw83 18:24, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

The problem with the tag "This article contains photographs that some people may find disturbing", was that i was too busy being horrified by the gangrenous toe to see it! I've got a 1280x1024 resolution, though. - Nasta —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.152.193.144 (talk • contribs) 11:09, 6 December 2006

Those images are disgusting. I have a 1280x1024 resolution and I almost puked when I saw them. I got linked here from Peter the Great and wasn't expecting it. Guess it can stay though, as it does have some medical standing. --Kupo03 04:55, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Dude, I got here from Powerpuff Girls! I'm glad I'd finished my supper before I saw this. --Das654 21:44, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Will someone please move the picture closer to the bottom of the page? Not for the sake of censorship, but because it is distracting to the reader. The picture itself is an excellent example of the affliction, but it makes the page less readable. —Preceding unsigned comment added by SirShazar (talk • contribs) 03:34, 25 March 2007

 * Someone tried the warning and got it removed. I think in this case, citing WP:CENSOR does not apply here. TV shows rated M don't censor the profanity, but they offer a warning before the show starts. ALTON   .ıl  04:20, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Are y'all females? Leave the pictures as they're very, very educative. I don't know what the hell is wrong with seeing one. Sabertooth 22:42, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

As a boy of 12 I was reading a synopsis of slaughterhouse 5 and came here via a link. And let me tell you it is very disturbing for a 12 year old boy to see a picture of a pussed out rotting foot. The least you guys could have done is put a warning on top of the page. Now it's too late and I've been scarred for life (seriously). And to "Sabertooth" Wikipedia is supposed cater for all audiences regardless of gender, if you think those pictures are educative and theres nothing wrong with seeing them why don't you bring them to an middle school biology class and see what kind of reaction you get?

Stan —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.21.208.217 (talk • contribs) 14:44, 6 May 2007

PS I edited the article by putting the 2 pictures on the bottom of the page and added a warning on top of the page. If anyone disagrees with the changes made please state you objections below. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.21.208.217 (talk • contribs) 14:59, 6 May 2007

Yeah, that picture of the diabetic with gangrene looked YUMMY. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.158.97.210 (talk • contribs) 10:49, 9 August 2007

Added warning again. Please be clear of people removing it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.1.114.237 (talk) 10:19, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

 * No disclaimers in articles. This article in particular was one of the reasons that resulted in a major change to that guideline. Mr.  Z- man  05:05, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * You people are completely lacking commonsense! Wikipedia is now used by many people. We can't put this kind of pictures without a warning. C'mon, it doesn't take much brain to see that such rules should be adapted in extreme cases (and these pictures are indeed extreme - either change the picture or put a clear warning). I'm putting it again, your legalistic argument doesn't hold water against the _fact_ that these pictures are definitely unpresentable to the mass. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.1.114.237 (talk) 00:59, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

 * That guideline was instituted by a community consensus. As I said, the repeated insertion of content warnings into this article was one of the main reasons for an expansion of that rule. If you don't want to see pictures of gangrene, don't go to Gangrene. Mr.  Z- man  01:05, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I usually try to stay out of these edit wars, but I see this as a real dilemma. On one hand, WP:NDA is policy, or close to it anyway, and it says clearly that disclaimers should be automatically removed.  On the other hand, not one of the reasons listed in the "Why they should not be used" section applies here.  Since some people seem to feel strongly that the disclaimer should be there, and I see no valid reason to remove it, I think it should stay.  And before anyone spouts off Wikipedia is not censored instead of replying with a well-reasoned argument, I'll just say that a disclaimer does not equal censorship.  --Joelmills (talk) 01:11, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

 * What's the point of the rule if we just ignore it, even if people disagree with doing so? This is covered by Content disclaimer, that is why the rule exists. Mr.  Z- man  01:19, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I would also add that disclaimers not being the same thing as censorship is yet another reason that we have WP:NDA in addition to WP:NOT. Mr.  Z- man  01:23, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I know I'm not going to win this argument, because as you said, consensus is against me. However, quoting the style guidline at the top of WP:NDA, "it is not set in stone and should be treated with common sense and the occasional exception." And common sense is telling me that a little heads up at the top of the article regarding disturbing images at the bottom is not going to harm anything. It may even help people. I would like to hear another reason for excluding it. The content disclaimer is not even directly linked to the article, you have to go through General disclaimer. And who reads those things anyway? I've been reading Wikipedia for a long time, and today is the first day I've ever looked at the disclaimer. I respect your opinion, but I'm not convinced.

 * I should add that I agree that WP:NDA is correct in almost every other case. --Joelmills (talk) 01:33, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

 * imo another reason would be that it would be an unreasonable person who, using an encyclopedia on a media rich medium, was upset to see examples. If they can't cope with the facts, they shouldn't be looking these things up on any medium. -- John (Daytona2 · talk) 20:59, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I fail to see why this article is so different from similar medical articles (especially ones related to sex organs) that it should warrant a disclaimer. Mr.  Z- man  01:44, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

 * There are two reasons, I think. First, in my mind there is a difference between being offended by seeing a sexual organ and being disturbed by a violent or "gross" image.  Some people can have a pretty bad reaction depending on how sensitive they are.  Second and more important, the difference between this article and another one with a potentially disturbing image is that someone has put a disclaimer on this article.  I wouldn't have put a disclaimer on this article, but someone else has felt it is a good idea and I am reluctant to remove it.  --Joelmills (talk) 01:53, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

The photos posted are VERY disturbing. Not warning about the graphic nature of these photos is simply cruel and mean-spirited. There is no rule in the world for which not a single exception can be found, and this is an obvious example of such a necessary exception. Additionally, perhaps the rule against disclaimers should be revisited since this is such a perfect example of the fact that disclaimers do indeed have a place on wikipedia/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.146.173.34 (talk • contribs) 02:25, 5 January 2008

 * I agree, and have added the warning again. Anyone with enough logic to make 1+1 can see this is not a form of censorship. IMHO, the lower picture should be enclosed in some sort of javascript tag that shows/hides it upon pressure of a button, and be hidden by default. We can be informative and exhaustive without being graphically explicit. Wikipedia belongs to everyone, not to a restricted set of iron-stomached professionals. --81.1.114.237 (talk) 01:48, 12 January 2008 (UTC)
 * If you want to change the rules, this is not the way to do it. If you feel the rule is unfair, you are more than welcome to start a wider discussion on the Village Pump. Mr.  Z- man  21:19, 12 January 2008 (UTC)
 * We don't really need a long discussion for something so simple. Warnings exists also elsewhere on wikipedia. Heck, I'm not even asking to REMOVE the pictures, just to warn the people about them! They are objectively disturbing to anyone who is not a professional in the field. --87.80.128.218 (talk) 01:37, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

 * A disclaimer is something that says we're not responsible for blah blah, but what if there was just a warning at the top of the page, or on any links, that said there were some possibly offensive/disturbing images on the page 24.182.202.236 (talk) 18:45, 24 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Couldn't we just use a DIFFERENT pictures with the same effect in terms of learning and informations, but which is not as disgusting as that one? --87.80.128.218 (talk) 01:37, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Feel free to take a look in Wikimedia Commons at the other gangrene pictures, but I wouldn't recommend it. The ones that we have are very illustrative - I wouldn't change them.  --Joelmills (talk) 02:07, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The fact that you find them disgusting is your point of view. Please understand that different people have different points of view. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia. Given that you can't cope with the level of detail, why are you using an encyclopedia ? Why, one year on, are you still arguing against Wikipedia consensus ? Do you think that your views are more important than the majority ? -- John (Daytona2 · Talk ·  Contribs) 07:33, 7 May 2008 (UTC)
 * More relativist nerdness. Your statement "you find them disgusting is your point of view" is utter bullshit. You sir, utterly lack common sense and humanity. Just because you don't have, others who happen to stumble here should pay the consequence? --87.80.128.218 (talk) 23:06, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

To Sabertooth, what the fuck do you mean by, "Are all y'all females"?! What the fuck is wrong with you? When I saw the pictures, all I did was gag a little. You people are guys and saying you wanna censor it, link to it, and put it at the bottom of the page. Think before you type, motherfucker. 70.119.54.117 (talk) 20:42, 4 April 2010 (UTC)
 * He was trying to get a rise out of people like you, and he was clearly successful. As for the pictures, I think they're perfectly appropriate, and frankly not very disturbing. I find the pictures of masochism on some pages extremely disturbing, but a rotting foot? No, not really. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.203.226.138 (talk) 18:12, 3 December 2010 (UTC)

I don't know about you guys, but that picture at the beginning of the article is DISGUSTING!!! It's gross and I don't like looking at it. The author/authors of the article didn't even bother putting it in a show/hide collapse box so people wouldn't have to see it when they're trying to read the article about it. That's just stupid, considering that the article exists to tell its readers about the disease and its side effects, not gross them out. I cannot tell you how sick I got from seeing that disgusting photo. --I Am the Pony Boy (talk) 22:09, 5 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Disagree No censoring on wikipedia. You get enough of a warning when you click on something called "gangrene". Did you think it was going to be a picture of a pony? That isn't even a bad case of gangrene. BakerStMD T|C 17:36, 13 January 2015 (UTC)

It is absolutely ridiculous to say that a warning before a disturbing picture gets even slightly close to censorship. Also, I bet that many of those who come to this article for the first time don't expect to see such uncomfortable photographs simply because they don't even know what gangrene is (and that's why many of those who come come here in the first place)! I don't want these photos to be removed, at all; I just think that pictures like these should be shown with a warning filter upon it and whoever wanted to see the picture would then click on the filter and it would disappear, I don't know if I'm explaining sufficiently well or if this is even possible (at least is what Flickr and other photo sharing social networks do). --Jgpestana (talk) 18:38, 16 August 2015 (UTC)

Where is gangrene found in the world? I mean in what countries? please answer ASAP

 * Worldwide, but the causes differ. In Europe it's smoking diabetics, but in the Third World it's Clostridium, Lepra etc. JFW | T@lk  20:23, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Gangrene is not a disease but the end result of tissue death. There is no 'boundary' for this and the pictures were taken in New England this past summer. It crosses all socio-economic boundaries. Most gangrene in the extremities is seen as a result of loss of circulation and an inability of the tissue to repair. Much of it in the United States is a result of diabetes, some of atherosclerosis either related to diabetes or hypercholesterolemia or cold injury.

DrGnu 00:34, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * it happens to soldiers, too, as a result of untreated gunshot wounds. 93.219.190.248 (talk) 12:58, 4 May 2011 (UTC)

death as a result of gangrene
I have a friend who has just been told he has gangrene in his leg. It has been unusable for the past three years as the result of a stroke. He is in the hospital and has been told he has gangrene and is too weak to live through amputation or vein grafting. Is there any other treatment? Do we have to sit back and watch him die?
 * I'm not going to second guess the vascular surgeons who are watching over him. Alas the gangrene is most likely a result of insufficient blood supply. I've got a patient now who has been nearly 19 months with antibiotic therapy and local wound care who has not progressed much ... the question always is quality of life. I do suggest this be taken to a medicine FORUM rather than wiki. DrGnu

Copyright violation
Most of this article was based on content taken from http://txtx.essortment.com/whatisgangrene_rejx.htm and dumped there by User:134.148.20.1 at the start of October 2004. I've reverted to the last revision that doesn't have this content. Edward 00:57, 2004 Dec 30 (UTC)
 * I've put back most of the removed content via paraphrase and other non-copying methods. Also, whole paragraphs which are not in the copyvio source were reinserted. grendel|khan 03:43, 2004 Dec 31 (UTC)

Testimonial
My uncle almost died from internal gangrene. He was having pain for a long time and did not tell anyone. One day the pain became so bad he told my grandparents and he was rushed to the hospital. The doctors said if he had waited another day he would have died. Now it is about three years later and he is still living.

 * Thankfully. "Gangrene" is not really used for that specific condition. Mesenteric ischemia is in use. Indeed, necrosis of the gut is a medical emergency as pathogens from the intestine mount a septic reaction. JFW | T@lk  20:19, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Literature?
Can someone provide information for further research in scientific books about that topic? I'd need some text sources for a thesis. This could be included in the article as well, I guess. Thanks!

 * Useful and comprehensive "source" documents on gas gangrene include:

 * Report of the Anaerobic Infections of Wounds and the Bacteriological and Serological Problems Arising Therefrom - Medical Research Committee, London 1919 (A comprehensive review of clinical presentation, treatment, incidence, bacteriology and serology) written in the light of the WW1 experience.

 * The Histotoxic Clostridial Infections of Man, JD MacLennan, 1962, Bacteriol Rev 26:177-276  (JD MacLennan was an RAMC pathologist working in Nth Africa and Italy in WW2.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 166.83.21.221 (talk • contribs) 04:50, 24 March 2006

Warning of Disturbing Pics at Top?
I'm going to put this warning at the top of the page, in case someone has a really large monitor and sees the pictures without scrolling. -- Dantecubed 05:58, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Huh? JFW | T@lk  15:09, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

Gas gangrene
Many people have heard of gas gangrene and that the bacterium Clostridium perfringens (formerly called Clostridium welchii) causes it. This sort of gangrene needs to be included in Gangrene by someone who knows the subject. Is gas gangrene a sort of wet gangrene, or of dry gangrene, or neither, or what? Anthony Appleyard 17:18, 16 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I created the gas gangrene page. Think it is a large enough subject to have its own article. --WS 22:46, 16 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm in favour of the merge. Zargulon 07:56, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Anyone notice that the "Treatment" sections for Gas Grangrene and Regular Gangrene are almost exactly the same? And that, in essence, gas gangrene can probably be considered wet more than dry and is clearly an evolution of basic gangrene. Not including it seems...well...like not including "Flamemon" in the "Takuya Kanbara" article.

So, this would probably be te one time i could agree with the whole idea of "merging" on wikipedia.

Still, I'm more in support of multiple articles than merging, so maybe someone should just write a stronger reference to "Gas Gangrene" in the meantime?

Ace Class Shadow 16:16, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

Smilepossum: I am in favour of the merge and have replied to tell you that wet gangrene and gas gangrene are one and the same and that it is just a paraphrase. I also put in the article that Gangrene is cause by clostridium Perfringens and that gangrene call also cause necrosis. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.37.68.101 (talk • contribs) 20:18, 14 March 2006

10:18, 14 March 2006 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ace Class Shadow (talk • contribs) 21:28, 14 March 2006

 * There's quite a large separate article in German on gas gangrene - maybe someone could add to the current English article by translating it, whether or not the merge takes place. Saint|swithin 12:03, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Oppose merge, per WS. --Arcadian 01:46, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

i came across this topic studying for the medical boards. i'm not infavor of the merege, but i dont know if i knwo enough about the topic to count. gangrene is a general term describing death or decay of a tissue because of lack of oxygen. no necessarily result of infection. gas gangrene is (uniquely) caused by clostridium bacteria, and (uniquely) has gas bubbles in the decayed tissue. a prevelant type of gangrene but not the only kind and NOT the definition of gangerene at all. anyone can delete this whole thing if i'm wrong. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.199.115.233 (talk • contribs) 21:09, 20 June 2006

I am not in favor of the merge either. Also, if you are looking up gas gangrene you shouldn't be shocked to find pictures that show examples. It is certainly not a pleasing pathological experience. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.227.47.90 (talk • contribs) 02:03, 12 July 2006

 * I'm strongly opposed to merge. They are two different conditions. Gas gangrene is a condition caused within gangrene tissue, and is a result of a bacterial infection, that's all the physiological simililarity they share.  I work with C. perfringens every day, in normal conditions, they have nothing to do with gangrene.  A mention about gas gangrene and a link to the article is all that should be included in the gangrene article. Alperyasar 16:01, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Apparently, any mention of Gas gangrene has been removed from the article- I have reinserted the section on it. If anyone thinks that this should be trimmed down to a link, I would support that too. --70.236.28.238 23:57, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

Dry Gangrene
I am 57 years old male and a diabetic for the last 3 years. I am taking 'Daonil', an oral pill, twice a day to keep blood sugar under check but it hovers between 100 and 150. My doctor says it is ok. I do not have visible signs except that I have lost interest in sex. About 10 days back on May 01, I fell down in the bathroom and hurt my left foot and left side of the rib cage. There is no cut however any where. For the first few days I had quite a big pain at both places, however, now the pain has reduced considerably. It means it is healing though I still have some pain. There is NO visible sign of any damage to my foot except for a little swelling which is receding day by day. Now, I want to know if there is any chance of developing dry gangrene on my left foot. Please help me with information. Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jollys (talk • contribs) 15:41, 8 May 2006

Gas gangrene and dry gangrene are both very different things... the rate of progression and the pathology if it make it two different beasts. Gas gangrene is a viable enough subject to have its own heading...i know that is how i ended up here... looking up gas gangrene specifically. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.227.47.90 (talk • contribs) 02:01, 12 July 2006

I see the argument of those of you who maintain that gas gangrene should be its own entity, but they are both types of gangrene. Also, both entries are stubs, and with the lack of available information, it's difficult for the article to stand alone. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kwazi (talk • contribs) 00:17, 26 September 2006

This was posted in the article-- MrFish Go Fish 16:00, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
Need Help - I am 57 years old male and a diabetic for the last 3 years. I am taking 'Daonil', an oral pill, twice a day to keep blood sugar under check but it hovers between 100 and 150. My doctor says it is ok. I do not have visible signs except that I have lost interest in sex. About 10 days back on May 01, I fell down in the bathroom and hurt my left foot and left side of the rib cage. There is no cut however any where. For the first few days I had quite a big pain at both places, however, now the pain has reduced considerably. It means it is healing though I still have some pain. There is NO visible sign of any damage to my foot except for a little swelling which is receding day by day. Now, I want to know if there is any chance of developing dry gangrene on my left foot. Please help me with information. Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by MrFish (talk • contribs) 16:00, 8 May 2006

Recently added
I'm pretty new at all this, especially creating boxes. I did create a warning box, but it isn't the greatest. If anyone can make it better, please do. --66.218.22.187 05:27, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Just agreeing to merge it...
I agree that gas gangrene, as it is gangrene and already included therein, should be merged. Count me as "aye" in favour of the motion... :) thx... Cesium... —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cesium 133 (talk • contribs) 05:39, 31 July 2006

gangrene and heroin addiction?
I recently watched the film Requiem for a dream, which features someone losing an arm to gangrene, caused by injecting heroin. Is this common? Is it wet or dry gangrene? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.43.0.90 (talk • contribs) 18:06, 24 September 2006

I'm certainly not an expert, but it seems logical that the necrosis induced by heroin injection is caused by a bacterial infection in either the needle or the heroin sample. By definition, this is a case of wet gangrene. you a monkey —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kwazi (talk • contribs) 00:23, 26 September 2006

where did gangrene orginate from?
where was the fist "outbreak" found? 76.194.34.241 17:28, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Gangrene isn't caused by a bacterium or a virus, so it's not really meaningful to ask where the "first outbreak" occurred. It's been known at least since antiquity, and presumably it was known when our distant ancestors were injured somehow and noticed their flesh rotting off. Asking where gangrene originated is like asking where bruises or broken bones originated. grendel|khan 19:49, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

This article contain photographs that you may find disturbing
That line at the top of the article should really be removed. Wikipedia is not censored. Mr.Z-man  talk ¢ 19:49, 17 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Or we'll just revert war over it. That works too. Mr.Z-man  talk ¢ 17:18, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

You retards, of course wikipedia is not censored, but proper warnings should be applied to certain articles for the benefit of the general viewers. Case and point: Spoiler warnings...OOO lets remove them wikipedia is not censored. Idiotic sadistic nerds. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.18.219.156 (talk • contribs) 18:48, 25 May 2007

 * Be civil and don't make personal attacks. Thanks. ~ UBeR 19:13, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Someone please explain to me how putting up a warning, or having a click-through warning, is censorship. No material is even removed. -- Northgrove 20:59, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

I echo the question of the above —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.21.218.212 (talk • contribs) 15:28, 6 June 2007 also edited by 72.200.107.232 (talk • contribs) on 00:20, 5 October 2007

I agree as well. "Warning" is not "censoring". The tag at the top of this page is unadequate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.80.128.218 (talk) 23:09, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

I don't know - if I said what I thought about the people who say spoiler warnings / image warnings are bad for Wikipedia, I would probably end up getting a ban for using personal attacks (the Internet is serious business, eh?) ugen64 (talk) 02:51, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

Request for Edit
Editprotected There is a double image of a decaying foot, one at the top of the page and one at the bottom. I think that someone should fix this. - Lεmση flαsh (t)  /  (c)  00:10, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

 * It's the one at the bottom that is extra. --Joelmills 00:17, 30 May 2007 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Yes check.svg|20px]] Done. Cheers. --MZMcBride 01:20, 30 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Deja vue...There is a double image of a decaying foot, one at the top of the page and one at the bottom. I think that someone should fix this. Carmaskid (talk) 22:41, 15 April 2014 (UTC)

Hydrogen disulphide (HG)??? (Dry gangrene section)
Is there a reference for this? I was surprised that it was the disulphide mentioned, not the sulphide, and I can't imagine what the "HG" refers to. Anyone? Xarqi (talk) 13:04, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Good point, I did a google search and came up with this website and under types of post-mortem changes it mentions the production of hydrogen sulfide i.e. H2S by bacteria including its combination with iron from Hb to form iron sulfide. As far as I can tell the acronym HG has no meaning so I'm going to go ahead and change "hydrogen disulfide (HG)" to "hydrogen sulfide (H2S)" and chuck in a reference from the above website. --Marshmellis (talk) 07:30, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

Suggestion for pictures
On some pages, pictures that some people may find objectionable are in boxes with a label of what the picture is, and you have to click on "Show Picture" to actually see the picture. I think this could be done for this page; you wouldn't have to link out to the pictures, and they'd still be there for anyone who actually wants to see them. 74.222.97.62 (talk) 15:42, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I think this idea has been brought up before on multiple occasions, but evidently our "encyclopedic mission" or whatever ends up trumping common sense... it's a trend I've noticed on this site recently. ugen64 (talk) 02:48, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

 * On the contrary, common sense is that in an article about gangrene there will be pictures of gangrene. Wikipedia is not censored. —Lowellian (reply) 18:54, 14 May 2010 (UTC)
 * This is a daft and, if I may say so, juvenile argument. I may have an interest in reading about gangrene without wanting to be grossed out. For example, the article on gangrene in my Encyclopaedia Britannica does not even have a picture, yet is arguably more informative and authoritative than this one. We should not use WP:NOTCENSORED to shoehorn the grossest images we can find into articles. Editorial judgment consists of more than enjoying shock value. -- JN 466  23:25, 11 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Just to make this usable for any future discussion, I am in favour of replacing the really extreme pictures we currently have with a link to the relevant Commons category, and putting any images that are still likely to make some readers sick enough to flee the page before they have even read the article into a collapsed gallery, so they can exercise a choice whether they want to view the images or not, after they have read the text. -- JN 466  23:52, 11 June 2010 (UTC)
 * For reference, here is how medical experts (I am tempted to write mature, knowledgeable adults) present information on gangrene to the general public:, , , , , . These are all from the first page of google results for gangrene. Our article is the only one from that google results page that looks like an exhibit from a cabinet of horrors. -- JN 466  01:47, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I responded to the above at the parent Content noticeboard thread (originally unrelated to this article), beginning with "I'll counter with, , , ...." See also MOS:COLLAPSE and my comments below. Wnt (talk) 23:10, 14 June 2010 (UTC)

Han Solo?
what exactly does Han Solo have to do with Gangrene? Phthinosuchusisanancestor (talk) 13:18, 17 April 2009 (UTC)Phthinosuchusisanancestor

Product advertising - Septiloc
The blurb for Septiloc® has no place in this article. It is a name brand product by Venus that contains cupric sulphate. This addition makes unsubstantiated claims that it is effective againt gangrene, but offers no citation.163.151.2.10 (talk) 16:07, 24 May 2010 (UTC)Daisy

Image hiding dispute
A thread, originally about "Cock and ball torture", posted at the Content noticeboard, has hit upon this article and targeted its images to be hidden in a gallery. I disputed this there, but unfortunately one normally reliable inclusionist made the mistake of giving in and calling that a "compromise". I have reverted the change, which would separate the wet gangrene photo from wet gangrene and likewise for the dry, on the basis of MOS:COLLAPSE, which looks like a clear-cut and long-established guideline to me. Unfortunately for editors here, it seems like the Content noticeboard has started an edit war here, rather than ending one somewhere else. Wnt (talk) 23:06, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * MOS:COLLAPSE is a guideline, not a policy: "This guideline is a part of the English Wikipedia's Manual of Style. Use common sense in applying it; it will have occasional exceptions." Let's use common sense and not force these extreme images down readers' throats. Besides, the text of this article is rather poor and incomplete; I'll do some work on it. -- JN 466  12:37, 15 June 2010 (UTC)

 * You keep using the "common sense" argument and willfully ignoring that common sense is that in an article about gangrene, there will be and should be pictures of gangrene. —Lowellian (reply) 17:24, 20 June 2010 (UTC)

 * WP:NOTCENSORED is, however, policy. Collapsing sections for the sake of navigation is acceptable if frowned-upon; doing so to avoid offending is not. Chris Cunningham (not at work) - talk 14:07, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Giving the reader the opportunity to view the image in their own sweet time is not censorship. Besides, we also have such a thing as editorial judgment. Please don't argue on the basis of NOTCENSORED, argue on the basis of the image's usefulness to the reader. -- JN 466  15:54, 15 June 2010 (UTC)

 * In general, the reason that we illustrate articles at all is because images are "useful to the reader". The argument against doing so by default here (the squick factor) is no more applicable than it is on the dozens / hundreds of other articles we have on the subjects of sex / disease / religion which reaffirmed NOTCENSORED in the first place. If you want another precedent which is applicable here, take our stance on spoilers in fiction articles; the community consensus is that we don't hide text which can serve as a spoiler, or do anything to prevent readers from accidentally discovering advanced plot details, even though it would be trivial to do so and allow them to access them at their discretion ("their own sweet time"). I don't see any argument here which counters the generally-accepted consensus on both of these points. Chris Cunningham (not at work) - talk 17:52, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
 * We are supposed to follow the model of reliable sources. I have found no general introduction to gangrene -- either on the web or in books -- that uses atypical images from cases where the disease is as far advanced as it is in two of our images. They are needlessly over the top and depict a stage of the disease which is not usually seen, as the vast majority of people seek treatment and are helped well before that stage. We should show the types of symptoms that people are most likely to encounter, and upon sight of which they should promptly seek medical help. Doing otherwise is simply bad editorial judgment. -- JN 466  18:29, 15 June 2010 (UTC)-- JN  466  18:29, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
 * These are images of gangrene. If you do not want to see gangrene or learn about gangrene do not search for it.  This applies to both here and google . I do not think we should hide these images. I should not need to hit another button to show my patients what happens if they do not stop smoking.  Have any of you see the cigarette packages in Canada?  I have by the way seen a fair number of cases such as in the pictures.  The images that one would see before this stage are not gangrene. ie. Gangrene is always severe. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 19:55, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I've spent quite a bit of time looking at RS illustrations of general introductions to gangrene, on the web and in google books. I couldn't find a single one that had a photo comparable to the two presently in the gallery., , are typical examples of illustrations I did find.  -- JN  466  22:31, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Feeling that the images in question present too extreme an example of the subject to be illustrative is quite a different matter from suggesting that the general issue of illustration here requires hiding. Which is it? Chris Cunningham (not at work) - talk 20:27, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The former. My concern related to the second and third images; if readers flee the page without reading the text, we have failed at our job. By the way, the text and sourcing is none too brilliant. I've started doing some work on it, but if someone from the WikiProject has time to have a go, please do. -- JN 466  22:31, 15 June 2010 (UTC)

 * That's a distinctly minority position, not only here but across the encyclopedia as a whole. This is well-established. I don't consider there to be any need for a "compromise" position which essentially performs the hiding function here based on what is still essentially one editor's judgement call. The images should be moved back. Chris Cunningham (not at work) - talk 22:54, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
 * We should follow the approaches used in reliable sources. If the RS sources I looked at were unrepresentative, I am willing to revise my opinion, but preferences within the community are neither here nor there: we all know that our demographics are skewed in favour of single, young, childless males. -- JN 466  23:18, 15 June 2010 (UTC)

MOS:COLLAPSE indicates that navigation boxes and the like may be collapsed, but should not be used to hide article content, particularly as this might not be viewable on devices which do not support JavaScript and/or CSS (consider also that Wikipedia 1.0 on DVD, or printed out copies). The top infobox image is not extreme - having gone to the article after reading this discusson thread first, it is in fact rather tame and not untypical - the effort to get those with diabetes to control their sugars and self-care for their feet, or urge smokes with peripheral vascular disease to quit is to reduce the occurance of such serious complications. For elderly patients with underlying health problems, amputation is traumatic emotionally as well as physically, and is not always survivable (the top image might need limited resection, the extensive gangrene in the gallery boxes likely to need below knee, if not above knee, amputation). As for additional images, I don't have any great copyediting view as to where they are placed (provided visible to those without reliance on CSS) given that infobox already includes a clear and typical example. David Ruben Talk 21:36, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
 * No problem with the infobox image. Placing the other two images in an (uncollapsed) gallery, per User:Jmh649, is a compromise I can live with. -- JN 466  22:31, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
 * What perplexes me is that this compromise doesn't involve hiding the content (which I thought was the point of contention), yet disrupts the structure of the article. Wnt (talk) 04:18, 16 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I though this improved the structure of the article rather than disrupted it :-) It decreases distraction from the text. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 04:23, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I'm not going to repeat the arguments. I'll just say that, in my opinion, the images should remain viewable without collapsible boxes or other means of "hiding" them. Axl  ¤  [Talk]  10:50, 17 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Agreed that the images should remain viewable without collapsible boxes. Immunize (talk) 14:45, 17 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm satisfied enough to avoid having the images hidden - I won't argue further with the "real" editors of this article, especially Doc James for whom I have much respect, about where exactly to put them. Wnt (talk) 18:04, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

What the fuck is wrong with you people?!
Are you people lunatics? You understand that these gangrene pictures that are in plain, nearly-unavoidable sight in this article are very graphic, don't you? At what point did that strike you as a good idea? Now, I understand that Wikipedia doesn't remove content just because someone—or lots of someones—think it to be offensive, and that's a good thing, but... you know, it's not actually censorship to just put that disgusting shit in an expand/collapse box so people don't need to be bludgeoned with it when they come here to read the article....

Through this incredibly innovative idea of mine, no content would be getting removed; it's just that it wouldn't be there to visually gouge your eyes out when you're trying to do some innocent reading. ,Additionally, that picture at the top should be moved down to the gallery and put into an expand/collapse box with the rest. (Seriously, what the fuck is wrong with you people?) Judging from everything that's been said here, it sure looks like plenty of people—myself included—came here to read about gangrene, and not necessarily to see it. It doesn't really do anyone any harm—and, in fact, seems to be doing a whole lot less harm than is currently being done—to hide the pictures unless they're specifically asked for. Seriously, this isn't that hard to figure out.... Just because the people with the power to make this ruling are comfortable with the images, that doesn't mean that everyone else is and that they should be overtly displayed. Common sense and empathy for other human beings should likely override whatever fucking grand nonsense crusade you people think you're on.... --98.220.224.164 (talk) 01:10, 21 September 2011 (UTC)
 * I moved the picture that was at the top down to the gallery. --68.103.31.159 (talk) 18:52, 25 December 2012 (UTC)

Surely when people look up afflictions like gangrene, they know that they're going to come across picture like this and they should steel themselves for it. You google it and you'll get the same pictures popping up automatically. If you're of such a delicate disposition that you fly off the handle at a picture of gangrene on an article about gangrene, then you need to get off the internet. Not being harsh, but calm down. 90.192.177.142 (talk) 13:14, 30 September 2011 (UTC)

 * I'm late to the party - but perhaps some people *don't* know what gangrene is before they look it up. Say they're, I don't know, doing an assignment for school on WW1 and don't know what the word means. --Kick the cat (talk) 22:50, 15 April 2012 (UTC)

Yeah, you'll get pictures like this if you type "gangrene" into a Google images search. Do I come to an encyclopedia for pictures? I come for information! I want to read about gangrene. If I want to see abhorrent pictures, I'll go to Google and type in "disgusting gangrene pictures". I'm thinking that you don't understand why people come to Wikipedia, nor the purpose of an encyclopedia to begin with.... --98.220.224.164 (talk) 16:06, 12 October 2011 (UTC)

It's worth noting that even article on Goatse—which is, obviously, an article simply created because of an image—doesn't have a picture of Goatse on it, and Goatse's nowhere near as repugnant as looking at a person whose leg is falling off. Maybe you should get that picture up there, since everyone needs to see pictures of what a given article is about. That's part of the grand Wikipedian mission! --98.220.224.164 (talk) 16:14, 12 October 2011 (UTC)

I agree; when I saw the first image (of the toe) I promptly vomited and I just spent two hours to clean up the mess. I just wanted textual information, I didn't think and couldn't have anticipated that the editors would be so callous to have images like that in plain sight. I didn't even know gangrene looked that disgusting, nor what kind of disease it was really. The images should be hidden, maybe with some kind of "click to expand" mechanism. The editors of the article know that the images are unnecessary for most readers to get information on the subject, and that almost everyone here agrees that the images should not be displayed like they are now, so when I remove them they should behave like mature adults and leave it as is. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.139.81.0 (talk) 21:15, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I've reverted your edit for two reasons: A) you've censored images relevant to the article's subject matter; this is a Wikipedia [{WP:POLICY|policy]], and states that articles should be based on subject matter and not personal opinions of or reactions to content. B) you removed the images without consensus; there are more editors in this thread opposed to removing these images than there are for. Discuss the issue here before editing again. Haipa Doragon (talk) 20:13, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

 * It took you two hours to clean up your vomit? Did you really think that hyperbole made your argument any more reasonable? 76.28.114.215 (talk) 05:58, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

Rather amused at the people who look up gangrene and then don't want to see the pictures of it and then swear and curse because they got upset. Getting upset is an important part of life and does have purpose. Why not learn about yourself from this rather than wanting everyone else to be as horrified. Personally I like to be informed and came to this page for a valid reason and want as much information as possible. Illustrations help. But then I'm not queasy. But when it comes to looking at things I don't like then I look away or switch off... easy as that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.183.107.202 (talk) 08:50, 20 June 2012 (UTC)

I'm myself not a native English speaker and didn't know what gangrene means. I was looking for the word as it was mentioned in a book I was reading (without it being further described). Now I was shocked by the top picture (though it does illustrate the condition rather unforgettably and graphically), and it makes it rather difficult to read this article while using one hand to cover the pictures. Don't remove any photos for me (I can live with them, and I see their educational value), but please try to understand where the people with arguments for a warming for illustrations may be coming from. I certainly do. 58.182.197.149 (talk) 11:47, 18 August 2012 (UTC)

To deny that the consensus is "gangrene is disgusting" is to deny the existence of most of humanity along with basic facts of mammalian biology. A vigorous aversion response to decaying flesh is the result of millions of years of evolution recognizing that proximity to decay correlates with the death of individuals. I have corrected the presentation of the image; if image wiki attributes were exposed in HTML classes it could now be filtered as a graphic medical image of a disease. 98.208.32.105 (talk) 23:03, 27 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Well, my question to all who are offended by seeing this picture would be this: what did you expect to see on this page? I don't think it should come as a surprise that the page will have a representative image of gangrene in plain view. I'm not denying that people may find the image offensive, but it shouldn't have taken you by surprise that it's located on this page and at the top where it can be readily seen. That's my opinion anyway. TylerDurden8823 (talk) 01:13, 6 July 2014 (UTC)

Causes?
In war novels it says that it's often caused by broken limbs. Is this true, and if so, why isn't it in the article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.139.81.0 (talk) 21:15, 13 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Because war novels are not WP:RS. Novels are fiction, although it may be true that gangrene can be caused by broken limbs in real life you need a reliable source to add it to the article.Uweido (talk) 03:14, 9 May 2012 (UTC)

Shock site?
Is there a shock site whose URL is www.gangrene.com? --68.103.31.159 (talk) 01:56, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

Really?
I just moved the picture of the gangrenous toes to the bottom gallery, and you moved it back to the top! >:( --68.103.31.159 (talk) 16:56, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
 * WP:policy states that articles should be based on subject matter and not personal opinions of or reactions to content. You should not move the content on page without a consensus on talk-page. Also, please don't open new sections for same issue. It is being discussed in section above. Have a nice day. ——Saurabh P. (talk) 13:37, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

History
Changing the subject...the above-named section contains the following text:

"John M. Trombold wrote: 'Middleton Goldsmith, a surgeon in the Union Army during the American Civil War, meticulously studied hospital gangrene and developed a revolutionary treatment regimen. The cumulative Civil War hospital gangrene mortality was 45 percent. Goldsmith's method, which he applied to over 330 cases, yielded a mortality under 3 percent.'"[17]

It begs the question, what was the revolutionary treatment? The treatment should be at least briefly described, or the paragraph should be omitted. Wikipedia has no article on the surgeon, Middleton Goldsmith, so I couldn't get the answer by looking him up.

Carmaskid (talk) 21:08, 15 April 2014 (UTC)
 * I found an online answer to my question so I added a couple sentences to the text:

Dr. Goldsmith’s work at the Jeffersonville Army hospital and his subsequent, 1863 textbook, A Report on Hospital Gangrene, Erysipelas, and Pyaemia, predated the discoveries of Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister. Goldsmith advocated the use of debridement and topical and injected bromide solutions on infected wounds to reduce the incidence and virulence of “poisoned miasma.” Copies of his book were issued to Union surgeons to  encouragee the use of his methods.

I hope I did the reference correctly. If not, could someone with better skills please fix it?Carmaskid (talk) 22:18, 15 April 2014 (UTC)

Edit: some really dodgy stuff about procaine being used for gangrene. Brief google scholar/pubmed search showed nothing of the sort (indeed, procaine is a type 1a antiarrhythmic). Also quote 'No trials of Procaine-PVP, or double blind controlled trials have ever been carried out. There is, therefore, no evidence of any test or trial suggesting that the drug is effective for any of the purposes for which Dr. DeMarco uses it.'

original text: A regenerative medicine therapy was developed by Dr. Peter DeMarco to treat gangrene using procaine and PVP. He applied his therapy to diabetic patients to avoid amputations. Growth factors, hormones and skin grafts have also been used to accelerate healing for gangrene and other chronic wounds.

Frostnip or Frostbite
Are either of these major causes? Don't see mention here but end of FB mentions gangrene can happen as result. Concerned 'bout left heel. 174.92.133.107 (talk) 18:07, 4 February 2015 (UTC)

the picture
could we move this to the bottom already? since 2005 people have complained about it and its still this way. "this is an encyclopedia, we shouldn't censor ourselves" is a bad argument, since im not suggesting removing the picture, merely moving it down, so its not the first thing you see on the article. when its articles on porn, gore or generally obscene stuff like goatse, there are no pictures, so as not to shock people (even sex positions are only depicted in drawings for crying out loud), but heaven forbid a picture isnt the first thing you see on an article for a medical condition about rotting extremeties. double standard much? --92.193.15.79 (talk) 12:55, 27 September 2015 (UTC)
 * See WP:NOTCENSORED. Also see WP:OM. While I understand your point of view well - it's already been achieved through consensus that content such as this should either be included in its full form, or not at all. If you have any questions let me know on my talk page, thanks. ~  Nott Nott  talk | contrib 13:15, 27 September 2015 (UTC)
 * according to WP:ASTONISH 7.2 Principle of least astonishment: ""The average reader should not be shocked, [...] by your article", which i dare say applies. if this isn't shocking, then what is? --92.193.108.153 (talk) 18:56, 8 November 2015 (UTC)
 * I think you're misreading the WP:astonish principle, which to my view describes writing style. The diagnosis of gangrene is by inspection. This is a case where a picture is worth a thousand words. It is a terrible yet ancient medical condition. To those of us who see it often, the picture is accurate and not offensive in any way, and not any more shocking than a picture of a melanoma is shocking. BakerStMD 19:41, 15 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Anyone searching on "Gangrene" already has an idea of what to expect. As someone who has already lost half of a toe and is keeping a close watch on another, useful image.

Suggested Citations and Small Additions/Removals
Hello, we are a group of medical students editing this page as part of our class assignment. We have compiled a list of suggestions to improve this article and would appreciate community feedback before we proceed with these edits. Here is a list of our suggestions:

1. We propose to insert the following content into the Gangrene#Dry section at the end of the second paragraph.: “Because dry gangrene is not accompanied by infection, it is not as emergent as gas gangrene or wet gangrene, both of which have a risk of sepsis. Over time, dry gangrene may develop into wet gangrene if an infection develops in the necrotic tissues.”

2. We propose to update citation 6. It currently refers to a systematic review by Yang et al in 2013, but there is a newer version of the article that was published in Dec 2015.

3. We propose to add this citation to the Gangrene#Dry section. Currently the sentence ending in: “treated by revascularization (via vascular bypass or angioplasty)” says medical citation needed and this article would fill that need.

4. We propose to insert the following content into the Gangrene#Dry section after line one of the first sentence: “It is a not a disease itself, but a symptom of other diseases.” This sentence will clarify that dry gangrene can arise from many different primary conditions.

5. We propose to update citation 17. It currently refers to a systematic review by Slack WK, 1976, but there is a newer version of the article that was published in 2013.

6. We propose to add a citation to the sentence: “However, once gangrene has developed, the affected tissues are not salvageable.” The article currently indicates that this sentence needs a medical citation.

7. We propose to remove the first sentence in the 6th paragraph in the Gangrene#Treatment section because the statistic that 30,000 to 40,000 amputations occur per year in the United States has no cited source and we cannot find one.

8. We propose to modify the second sentence in the 6th paragraph in the Gangrene#Treatment section because the numbers provided from the cited source are not specific to gangrene and include cancer, trauma and vascular disease leading to limb amputation. We feel these stats, as they're currently written, may mislead the reader. We would like to change the second sentence to read:

“In 2005 an estimated 1.6 million individuals in the United States were living with the loss of a limb caused by either trauma, cancer or vascular disease ; these estimates are expected to more than double to 3.6 million such individuals by 2050.[15]”

Please let us know of any feedback you may have. Thank you, we appreciate your time. ,, 14sew (talk) 02:03, 3 November 2017 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your work to improve this article, and welcome to Wikipedia! I'll comment on each of your suggestions:
 * The source is a solid textbook from a respectable publisher, World Scientific and makes a good reference. My advice would be explain or make wikilinks for emergent and necrotic, as the lay reader may not be familiar with those terms, or the particular meaning.
 * Updating Cochrane reviews is a worthwhile task. Please check whether the content needs to be updated as well in the light of any modified conclusions.
 * The source is a practice guideline and I believe meets our standards for WP:MEDRS.
 * That looks like a reasonable addition to me.
 * A review from 1976 is certainly older than we would prefer, and updating to a 2013 review would be an improvement. The Mayo Clinic is a very well-respected source. As before, please check whether the content needs to be updated as well in the light of any differing conclusions.
 * The source is an AHA guideline and meets MEDRS.
 * This one is more difficult and you'll want further opinions before making the edit. I can see your point about misleading the reader into assuming at first glance that all of the amputations are due to gangrene. However, giving the reader some idea of the scale of the issue is a good thing. Would you consider trying to expand or re-word those sentences instead (or just the first one: I agree the second is speculation and adds much less)? Getting a source that speaks to the proportion of amputations due to gangrene would fix it, I think. Our article on Amputation claims that gangrene is "the most frequent reason for infection-related amputations" but doesn't give a source.
 * Your proposals seem like obvious improvements to me and would have my support with the caveats I make above. I have two other pieces of advice:
 * When you come to updating the article, do it in small steps at a time and wait for any feedback. I would do the addition of the two cites to replace the citation needed templates first, as they are almost certainly uncontroversial. Leave the proposed removal of content until last.
 * When you write citations, make sure you match the style of existing citations: for example the publication dates here are given in dmy format, such as "8 April 2014".
 * Hope that helps, and I look forward to you all making more equally good contributions to our medical articles. --RexxS (talk) 18:09, 3 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your input and suggestions, RexxS. We will take you up on your suggestion regarding expanding or clarifying the sentence in question to minimize the possibility of confusion (proposed change 7). Our group will reconvene and come up with a suggested edit for this sentence, and will be back with a new recommendation for community consideration. Meds2021 a (talk) 15:10, 15 November 2017 (UTC)
 * COMMENTS: Small stuff - For your journal citations, did you use a citation maker site? I ask, because not standard formating. For example, first names. I prefer this one: https://tools.wmflabs.org/citation-template-filling/cgi-bin/index.cgi When you enter the PMID number, it generates what you see below. Note that it fills in just year rather than year/month/day. A practical comment when it comes time to move this to the article - when you click on edit for a section, say Treatment, you can only edit in that section. Once done, enter a comment in Edit summary at bottom of page and go on to next. This breaks up your editing, and allows others to look at changes implemented in each edit. Alternatively, you can click on edit at the top of the page, gaining access to editing the lead and all of the rest of the article. P.S. Of all the articles chosen by the class, yours is the most frequently viewed. David notMD (talk) 00:46, 11 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your suggestions, David notMD. We apologize for our oversight with the inconsistent citations -- each of six group members likely used a different citation website in generating our original citation. We will take you up on your suggestion and standardize our formatting. Meds2021 a (talk) 15:10, 15 November 2017 (UTC)

We've completed our project. Thank you all for your guidance. Meds2021 a (talk) 17:06, 19 January 2018 (UTC)

Foundations II 2019, Group 2A goals
Goals:
 * 1) assess if the treatment guidelines suggested in the article are still first line
 * 2) give more citations to the following sections: causes and treatment
 * 3) add caveats to treatment guidelines suggested in the article if if the guidelines suggested are unclear or not fully informedHuyha63 (talk) 21:53, 1 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Please sign your comments so it's clear who posted. Will you be adding additional goals? (added numbering formatting) Health policy (talk) 03:56, 31 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Peer Review Part 1
 * The group's edits substantially improve the article's value as health information. They expanded on the treatment section in both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, which provides a foundation for individuals to know what to expect. The goals provided by the group were also accomplished. Blu65 (talk) 21:17, 5 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Peer Review Part 2
 * The draft submission reflected a neutral point of view and did not try to create bias. Blu65 (talk) 21:17, 5 August 2019 (UTC)
 * All points included are verifiable with a secondary source that was easily accessible. Crystalnguyentan (talk) 21:19, 5 August 2019 (UTC)
 * The edits formatted are consistent with Wikipedia's manual of style. Rgonzalezrios (talk) 21:51, 5 August 2019 (UTC)
 * There is no evidence of plagiarism or copyright violation.Yalda22 (talk) 16:28, 6 August 2019 (UTC)

Circular #REDIRECTs
Hi,

The lead to this article includes wikilinks to Dry gangrene and Wet gangrene. These wikilinks eventually #REDIRECT back to Gangrene and Gangrene. This is clearly a fuck up; please fix it. Note that the links to Gas gangrene and the others point to separate articles, so do not need fixing. 74.205.219.198 (talk) 03:12, 2 August 2021 (UTC)

Foot in jar
Why does somebody just have a foot in a jar lying around in their home? I know that’s gotta smell bad… 73.43.134.88 (talk) 15:25, 19 March 2022 (UTC)

Pictures (again)
I'd propose putting an artistic representation/diagram instead of what the current main picture is which can be put further down, along other similar pictures. (I'm fully aware of the policies and guidelines in regard to pictures in Wikipedia.) Speaking for myself (and quite some other people, judging from past discussions) the photo was offsetting enough to not allow me to read even the main/lede part of the article, which usually I'm able to do in a lot of other medical articles. - Klein Muçi (talk) 11:22, 30 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gangrene


text:
Talk:Amarna

Art
If we ever create an Amarna art page, the last para here ought to get moved to it. Noel 19:48, 10 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Location
So... Where in Egypt is it? hello nerds —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.232.60.122 (talk) 01:59, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Akhetaton, the Horizon of the Aton.
There is a strong possibility that the volcano Santorini erupted during the reign of Akhenaton. The massive fallout cloud must have interrupted the usual weather conditions causing a plague.

There is an early prayer to Aton "who drives away the darkness". So with the arrival of blackout conditions there is a considerable change to worshiping of Aton to get the sunshine back. A further clue is the name of the barge build for Queen Tiye, a generation earlier, "The Aton Gleams" ("The Sunshine Boat").

With the arrival of the plague Akhenaton builds himself a whole new, temporary, quarantine city where he worships only Aton, the sunshine god. When it is reasonably certain that the plague has run its course and weather back to normal, the city is simply abandoned.

The plague may also account for the disappearance of several members of the Amarna family. If as now seems certain, Tutankhamun died of Malaria, perhaps he was the last royal victim of a last sporadic outbreak of the malarial plague.

Life in Ancient Akhetaten
I am going to begin a section entitled "Life in Ancient Akhetaten." I've never created a new section on a wiki page, so tips are welcome. I'm going to start with a little bit of a data dump and then synthesize it over time. Please help out in that respect if you can, and I look forward to any comments. Cheers. Jasonnewyork (talk) 00:03, 11 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I will continue adding stuff to this section over time. The writing is pretty remedial at this point...will fix eventually, unless someone else is up to it.Jasonnewyork (talk) 17:25, 11 June 2012 (UTC)

incorrect name?!
Why is 'tell el amarna' incorrect? This is an unsourced statement which should be removed. --عبد المؤمن (talk) 22:03, 28 February 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Amarna


text:
User talk:Daear

The article on gangrene, which you contributed, is now listed on Votes for deletion. If there was permission to use this material under terms of our license or if you are the copyright holder of the externally linked text, then please indicate so on this page's talk page (to access the talk page, click on Discuss this page in the sidebar). If there was no permission to use this text then please either replace this message with at least a good stub and an external link or leave this page to be deleted. (NOTE: unless a stub replaces this text, deletion will occur about one week from the time this page title was placed on the Votes for deletion page).

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Thanks, Smack 19:51, 10 Aug 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:Daear


text:
Sequana Capital

Sequana Capital was a French pulp and paper company.

History
The company was founded as a coal importing business known as Worms and Cie in 1848. After diversifying into banking and finance it acquired Arjo Wiggins, a paper manufacturing business, in 2000. The founding Worms family stood down from the board in 2004 and it was renamed Sequana Capital in 2005. Following a protracted dispute with British American Tobacco over the payment of dividends, it was placed in liquidation in 2019.

title: Sequana Capital


text:
University of Northwestern – St. Paul

University of Northwestern (UNW) is a private Christian university in Roseville, Minnesota.

History
The predecessor to the current university was first established in 1902 as the Northwestern Bible and Missionary Training School by William Bell Riley, a pastor at First Baptist Church of Minneapolis. The school separately opened a seminar, the Northwestern Theological Seminary, in 1933 before merging into one singular unit, the Northwestern Theological Seminary and the Bible School in 1944.

In 1951, the school began offering baccalaureate programs and, five years later in 1956, changed its name to just Northwestern College. The school briefly closed from 1966 to 1972 after failing to earn accreditation from the North Central Association, although it was able eventually reopen after the purchase of the former Nazareth Hall Preparatory Seminary from the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis and the sale of its former campus in Loring Park. Accreditation was finally received in 1978.

UNW also owns a chain of radio stations across the Midwest and Eastern United States, broadcasting listener-supported Christian music and teaching programs. Noted evangelist Billy Graham served as the school's second president from 1948 to 1952.

The college gained university status in 2013, officially becoming the University of Northwestern – St. Paul on July 1.

The university was granted an exemption to Title IX in 2016 which allows it to legally discriminate against LGBT students for religious reasons.

Academics
The University of Northwestern offers over 65 areas of study, 6 of which are through its FOCUS Adult Undergraduate Program. Northwestern offers five master's degrees.

The Graduate Studies program offers the following graduate degrees:
 * Master of Business Administration
 * Master of Organizational Leadership
 * Master of Divinity
 * Master of Theological Studies
 * Master of Ministry Leadership

Associations and accreditations
The university is a member of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities and the Minnesota Private College Council. The Adult Undergraduate program is a member of the Twin Cities Adult Education Alliance.

The Music Department is accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music. The School of Nursing is approved by the Minnesota Board of Nursing and its baccalaureate degree is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. The Bachelor of Science in Engineering program is accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET under the General Criteria (ABET).

Media
In February 1949, the Northwestern Schools opened KTIS AM and KTIS-FM in the Twin Cities area, the first in a series of radio stations across the Upper Midwest.

Major markets served by Northwestern stations include the Twin Cities; Fargo; Duluth; Madison; Waterloo, Iowa; Des Moines; Rapid City; Sioux Falls; Hartford, Connecticut; Kansas City; and Omaha. Northwestern also operates the Faith Radio Network The mission statement for the University of Northwestern – St. Paul's media ministry is: "to lead people to Christ and to nurture them in their spiritual growth through Christ Centered media".

University of Northwestern – St. Paul students operate a campus radio station, theMEL.fm, and a student television station. theMEL.fm is a station that broadcasts on KTIS-HD3 as well as a live Internet stream.

Music
Music ensembles at Northwestern include the Northwestern Choir, UNW Orchestra, Symphonic Band, Jazz Band, Con Brio Men's Chorus, Amata Women's Chorale, and numerous chamber ensembles. UNW Music degrees are accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music.

Athletics
The University of Northwestern – St. Paul's sponsors 18 varsity intercollegiate athletic sports, including football, women's volleyball, men's and women's soccer, men's and women's cross country, men's and women's golf, men's and women's basketball, baseball, softball, men's and women's indoor and outdoor track, men's and women's tennis, and men's and women's lacrosse. Northwestern is a member of the NCAA Division III, a Division I member of the National Christian College Athletic Association, and is one of nine full-time members of the Upper Midwest Athletic Conference (UMAC). Prior to its NCAA Division III membership, which began on a full-time basis prior to the 2008-2009 academic year, the Eagles were a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA).

Since becoming a Division III member in 2008, the schools teams have earned bids to 32 NCAA Tournaments. In 2015 two University of Northwestern – St. Paul teams advanced to NCAA Sweet 16 appearances in men's basketball and women's volleyball. The Eagles volleyball team has advanced to ten of the last eleven NCAA Tournaments, 2 Sweet 16's (2015 & 2017), a Final Four (2016), and was a recipient of the NCAA's Sportsmanship Award for all divisions in 2009. The men's basketball team has also advanced to nine of the last ten NCAA national tournaments. The University of Northwestern – St. Paul became the first college football team in modern history to play two games on the same day. On October 8, 2005, under head coach Kirk Talley, the Eagles defeated Trinity Bible College 59–0 in a 12 noon kickoff before defeating Macalester College 6.5 miles down Snelling Avenue at 7 p.m. that night, 47–14. The UNW football team has won two NCCAA Victory Bowls in 2000 and 2008. The University of Northwestern – St. Paul men's basketball team won the 2010 NCCAA Division I Men's Basketball National Tournament, defeating King College (Tennessee - NCAA Division II), for its first ever Division I championship by a score of 58–54.

University of Northwestern – St. Paul athletic and recreation facilities consist of the Ericksen Center (1996) (volleyball, men's and women's basketball) and the Reynolds Field complex (2014), which houses the Johnson Tennis Complex and 100 percent artificially turfed fields for baseball, softball, football, soccer and lacrosse. The outdoor facility also offers a running and jumping pit for track and field participants, a stadium, and four locker rooms.

Notable alumni

 * Benjamin Fernandes (B.A.'14) - award-winning speaker, entrepreneur and former national television presenter.
 * Jonathan Papik (B.A. '04) - current Justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court and judicial law clerk to Neil Gorsuch.
 * Roger Youderian ('50) - American evangelical Christian missionary to Ecuador martyred in 1956.
 * Dallas Jenkins - film and television director, writer and film producer. Creator, director, and co-writer of  The Chosen
 * Sherman Augustus - American actor. Augustus also played professional football with the San Diego Chargers and Minnesota Vikings.
 * Brian Lohse - attorney and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives in 2018.
 * Elmer L. Towns (B.A. '54) - American Christian academic, pastor and writer who co-founded Liberty University.

title: University of Northwestern – St. Paul


text:
Boise Cascade

Boise Cascade Company is an American manufacturer of wood products and wholesale distributor of building materials, headquartered in Boise, Idaho.

A public company with sales over $7.9 billion in 2021, it is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol BCC. Boise Cascade Wood Products manufactures plywood, engineered wood products and lumber; it supplies a broad line of wood products and building materials through Boise Cascade Building Materials Distribution's 38 distribution locations.

The company has approximately 6,000 employees across North America. Its logo, designed in the 1960s, depicts a pine tree inside the containing circle.

The company is neither affiliated with the Canadian paper company Cascades nor is there any connection to Boise, Inc. or Boise Paper, a division of Packaging Corporation of America.

History
Boise Cascade Corporation was formed in 1957 through the merger of Cascade Lumber Company of Yakima, Washington, and Boise Payette Lumber Company of Boise. Robert Hansberger of Boise Payette became the CEO, and the new corporation focused on ownership and management of timberlands, the growing and harvesting of timber, and the manufacturing and distribution of lumber products and building materials. By late 1958, the company had established more than 100 retail outlets for its wholesale distribution business. That same year, BC's first paper mill became operational in Wallula, Washington, to produce corrugated shipping containers.

The 1960s saw the company's swift expansion into the forest products industry, as well as wide variety of other businesses. Boise Cascade owned concrete ready-mix plants, plastic manufacturing plants, textiles, and sand and gravel companies. In 1964, the company entered office products distribution. The mid-1960s brought an even more diverse portfolio including ownership of a motor home manufacturer, a cruise line, involvement in real estate and recreation projects, and an acquisition in the engineering and construction business for major utilities. Boise native William Agee joined the company in 1964 and was the chief financial officer from 1969 to May 1972; the stock price rapidly rose to $77 in 1969, but was down to $15 by the fall of 1971.

Boise Cascade's current headquarters in Boise was built in 1970, designed by architecture firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. With the share price at around eleven dollars, Hansberger resigned in October 1972; John Fery was promoted to CEO and moved the company back to its core competencies of building materials and paper products. As the 1980s progressed, a decline in the housing market led to a downsizing in building products distribution business, and by 1987, all retail outlets had been sold or closed.

In the early 1990s, the company sold the wholesale portion of its office products distribution business while keeping the consumer business. In the 1990s, Boise Cascade invested in engineered wood products, building mills in White City, Oregon, and in Alexandria, Louisiana, for producing laminated veneer lumber (LVL). Boise Cascade introduced the finger-jointing technique for manufacturing LVL that remains unique to the EWP industry today. After leading the company for 22 years, Fery retired in 1994, and George Harad was named CEO. During his tenure, the company focused on expanding its activity in distribution and reducing its presence in manufacturing. In 1999, Furman Lumber of Billerica, Massachusetts, was purchased, which led to a nationwide building material wholesale distribution system for Boise Cascade.

The next decade continued to bring big changes. In 2003, the company acquired OfficeMax. In 2004, Madison Dearborn Capital Partners purchased the paper, forest products and timberland assets and created a privately owned company called Boise Cascade LLC. Remaining portion of the company changed its name to OfficeMax and traded with ticker OMX. When Tom Stephens began as CEO of Boise Cascade, LLC in 2004, the company had incurred $3.2 billion in debt to fund the acquisition. The company's 1.6 million acres of timberlands were sold in 2005 to help pay down that debt. Three years later, a publicly traded shell company bought the pulp and paper operations and became Boise, Inc., allowing Boise Cascade to pay off most of the remaining debt. The timing was fortuitous when, in 2008, the housing market collapsed and tough times ensued for the entire industry. Tom Carlile assumed the position of CEO in 2009, and began to lead the company through the slow housing recovery with investments in EWP and veneer facilities and the building materials distribution footprint. By late 2012, the company prepared to launch an IPO, which was completed on February 6, 2013, when it rang the bell at the NYSE.

Tom Corrick was named CEO in 2015 and retired March 6, 2020. Nate Jorgensen is the current CEO.

Operations
The company operates through two vertically integrated divisions:

 * The Wood Products division manufactures engineered wood products (EWP), plywood and lumber for wholesalers, retail dealers and builders to meet residential and commercial construction needs. The division has manufacturing facilities are located in the Pacific Northwest and southeastern U.S., and one mill in Canada at St. Jacques, New Brunswick. BC owns and operates the world's two largest laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and I-joist manufacturing plants, and is the #2 producer of engineered wood products and #2 producer of plywood in North America.
 * The Building Materials Distribution division stocks an extensive inventory of structural building products used from the foundation to the roof, including engineered wood, siding, composite decking, metal, insulation and more from over 1,100 third-party suppliers. The division delivers orders by truck and rail to home improvement centers, retail lumber dealers, and industrial customers. There are 35 distribution branches nationwide, making it the largest wholesale building products distributor in the U.S.

Corporate governance
Boise Cascade's executive leadership includes CEO Nate Jorgensen, Kelly Hibbs (CFO, SVP and Treasurer), Mike Brown (EVP, Wood Products) and Jeff Strom (EVP, Building Materials Distribution). The company's board of directors is currently led by Chairman Tom Carlile, former CEO and CFO of Boise Cascade.

After over-extending into non-traditional areas under CEO Hansberger and young CFO Agee, the company nearly went into liquidation in 1972. A management team under new CEO Fery got the company back to basics through the rest of the 1970s.

After the purchase of OfficeMax in 2003,  Boise Cascade separated its distribution and manufacturing businesses the following year. The pulp and paper assets of Boise Cascade L.L.C. were sold to an investment firm in 2008, then acquired by Packaging Corporation of America in 2013 and became its Boise Paper division. Boise had entered the paper side of the forest products industry in 1958 with a new mill in treeless Wallula, Washington.

title: Boise Cascade


text:
I486 OverDrive

Intel's i486 OverDrive processors are a category of various Intel 80486s that were produced with the designated purpose of being used to upgrade personal computers. The OverDrives typically possessed qualities different from 'standard' i486s with the same speed steppings. Those included built-in voltage regulators, different pin-outs, write-back cache instead of write-through cache, built-in heatsinks, and fanless operation — features that made them more able to work where an ordinary edition of a particular model would not.

Each 486 Overdrive typically came in two versions, ODP and ODPR variants. The ODPR chips had 168 pins and functioned as complete swap-out replacements for existing chips, whereas the ODP chips had an extra 169th pin, and were used for inserting into a special 'Overdrive' (Socket 1) socket on some 486 boards, which would disable the existing CPU without needing to remove it (in case that the existing CPU is surface-mounted). ODP chips will not work in Pre-Socket 1 486 boards due to the extra pin. The ODP and ODPR labeling can be found in the CPU's model number(i.e.: DX2ODPR66).

Models
Models available included:
 * 20 MHz FSB, 40 MHz core
 * 25 MHz FSB, 50 MHz core
 * 33 MHz FSB, 66 MHz core
 * 25 MHz FSB, 75 MHz core
 * 33 MHz FSB, 100 MHz core

Two P54 core Pentium-based CPUs were released for 238-pin Socket 2/Socket 3-based systems, for more information, see Pentium OverDrive

title: I486 OverDrive


text:
Gyokuro

Gyokuro (玉露) is a type of shaded green tea from Japan. It differs from the standard sencha (a classic unshaded green tea) in being grown under the shade rather than the full sun. The name "gyokuro" translates as "jewel dew" (or "jade dew"). According to the Japan Tea Central Association, gyokuro is defined as "a tea manufactured in the same manner as sencha from tea leaves picked from covered tea gardens that are almost completely shaded from sunlight for about 20 days using covering materials such as reed screens, straw, or shading nets, from the time when the new shoots of the first flush start to grow."

While most sencha is from the Yabukita (薮北) cultivar of Camellia sinensis, gyokuro is often made from a specialized variety such as Asahi, Okumidori, Yamakai, and Saemidori. Most gyokuro is grown in the Fukuoka, Kyoto, and Mie prefectures.

Gyokuro tea production dates back to the 1830s, when the merchant Yamamoto Kahei discovered some Japanese farmers were covering tea plants with a netting to protect them from frost, and that this actually changed the flavor and aroma of the tea. He introduced the tea to Edo and it was immediately popular.

Cultivation and processing
Though it is categorized as a type of sencha according to production methods, gyokuro cultivation differs from other sencha teas. Gyokuro tea leaves are shielded from the sun before being harvested. The period can vary from twenty to thirty days. Three weeks / twenty days is a standard length of time for a tea to be considered gyokuro proper. Anything shaded for under twenty days is considered kabuse tea.

The shading causes both the amino acid L-theanine and the alkaloid caffeine in the tea leaves to increase, and the catechins and tannins to decrease, which yields significant differences from the flavor of sencha. The shading causes the plant to stop converting theanine into catechins to protect itself from UV light. Furthermore, the stress of shading also makes the plant produce more caffeine to protect itself. Gyokuro also has higher chlorophyll content, which accounts for the dark green color of the leaves. These chemical differences lead to unique flavor and aroma of the tea, giving it more umami, a savory sweetness, and less bitterness and astringency. The increased L-theanine content elicits the increased umami taste of gyokuro. It also produces a calming effect which balances out the high caffeine content of gyokuro. Studies on L-theanine indicate that it may also help reduce stress and anxiety and may have neuroprotective effects.

The length and type of shading or covering (kabuse) will affect the taste of the gyokuro tea. Shading may be done with a scaffolding built over the tea field or by covering the plants directly with the shading material (jikagise). The opacity of the shading material (which can be synthetic, straw, or reed) will also affect how much theanine is contained in the leaves, which affects the flavor, particularly umami. The process is often done in stages, initially blocking 70% of the sunlight, and ramping up to 80 and 90 percent before harvesting. The higher grades of gyokuro are shaded more extensively and for longer times.

The processing of the picked gyokuro leaves will also affect the aroma and taste of the tea. Like standard sencha, gyokuro is steamed after harvesting, usually in industrial machinery. The length of the steaming can be short (asamushi), middling (chumushi), or long (fukamushi, 1-2 minutes). This will also affect the aroma and flavor of the tea. After steaming, the leaves are then dried and rolled, traditionally by hand, but now it is common to use industrial machinery to roll the leaves. If the leaves were harvested mechanically, the stems and other parts of the plant must be separated out from the leaves. Hand picked gyokuro exists, but it commands higher prices.

The stems, stalks, twigs and other by-products of gyokuro processing may be used to make a higher end kukicha (twig tea), which is called karigane or shiraore when processed from gyokuro stems and parts. These parts have a high concentration of theanine due to their lower photosynthetic activity compared to the leaves, have less caffeine, and also contain different aromatic and flavorful compounds, making their flavor distinct from standard gyokuro. A rough unprocessed mix of gyokuro leaves, broken particles, stalks and stems, is also sold separately as unprocessed tea / unrefined tea (aracha). These rougher types of gyokuro tend to be less expensive than standard leaf only gyokuro.

Brewing

Brewing gyokuro is generally done with lower temperature water (between 40 to 70 celsius; 104 to 158 fahrenheit depending on the leaf and personal preference).

The traditional Japanese method of brewing gyokuro uses a high water to leaf ratio, usually around 5 grams of leaves for 150 millileters of water.

Since the leaves are tightly rolled and need time to open, the steeping time is usually longer than other green teas (2 minutes).

After the leaves have opened, the same gyokuro can then be re-steeped three or four more times for 20-30 seconds.

In the practice of Senchadō (the way of sencha), many schools use a "two-step brewing" method. First, low-temperature water, cooled by initially pouring it into a separate cooling vessel, is used to extract sweetness. Then, high-temperature water is used to extract bitterness. There are also schools that add a "three-step brewing" method, which use water of intermediate temperature for the second infusion to extract astringency. However, due to the increased time required for each session and the fact that the components may be almost fully extracted by the second infusion for some tea leaves, the "two-step brewing" method is more prevalent at large tea gatherings. Small teapots such as koburi or houhin (small teapots without a handle) are often used, and the tea bowls are also smaller compared to those used for sencha.

Regions and market
More than 40% of gyokuro is produced in Yame (Fukuoka Prefecture), and in the national tea jury in August 2007, Yamecha (Yame tea) held all the ranking positions from first to 26th as the best gyokuro. A high amount of Ujicha gyokuro is also produced around Uji, in the Kyoto prefecture (140 tons in 2008). In 2008, the production volume of gyokuro in Mie Prefecture increased more than 40 times compared to the previous year (132 tons in 2008, 3 tons in 2007).

Gyokuro is one of the most expensive types of sencha available in Japan. The name was originally the product name of the tea made by Yamamotoyama. The tea was first discovered by Yamamotoyama's sixth owner, Yamamoto Kahei, in 1835 (Tenpō year 6). The process was completed by another manufacturer at the start of the Meiji period.

title: Gyokuro