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Wikipedia talk:School and university projects

2012 articles need to be archived
I wasn't sure how to move my 2012 class from the list of current classes. Can a more experienced Wikipedian please help? Thanks, Biolprof (talk) 04:31, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
 * I moved your course here. General question:  is it safe to assume that any course labelled with a specific season in 2012 could be moved? Klortho (talk) 11:59, 12 January 2013 (UTC)

wiki Education newsletter
Happy New Year! I want to let you know that there is a wiki Education Newsletter at that is published each month on the 15th. I would to invite you to contribute articles! In the spirit of the New Year, we are particularly looking for articles summarizing the past year or semester and/or something introductory. If you can post it to the newsroom by the end of 14 January, Ill be happy to include it! Also, if you would like a reminder of the new issue, you can add your name here or send me your email address at thelmadatter-at-hotmail-dot-com for an email reminder.

Thank you! Thelmadatter (talk) 14:31, 12 January 2013 (UTC)

Note
This seems to be a class project, and wanted to drop a note here. Dennis Brown / 2¢ / © / @ 17:56, 7 June 2013 (UTC)

Evergreen State College linguistics
Edits to Talk:VO language, Talk:OV language, Talk:Iconicity, Talk:Newspeak, Talk:List of Newspeak words, Talk:Evolutionary linguistics, and Talk:Contact call suggest that students from one or more classes at The Evergreen State College have been assigned to edit articles on linguistics. I don't know the courses or instructors involved, and haven't yet contacted any of the students, some of whom are registered while others edit from IPs. See also my question at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Linguistics. Cnilep (talk) 00:09, 8 June 2013 (UTC)

UNCC Technology Workshop
I notice that User:Ieditpub created UNCC Technology Workshop in article space. It seemed to be a coordination page for an education project. Is this the right place to ask for someone to coordinate with this user? —teb728 t c 20:46, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

New resource
Hi all,

I've just published Participation by academic projects which is intended for academic researchers wanting to work with/on Wikipedia as part of a larger research project (similar to the GLAM projects), rather than as a course for their students. I feel like it ought to be linked from here, but not sure where it fits... any thoughts? Andrew Gray (talk) 07:21, 8 August 2013 (UTC)

In case it might help anyone, though I think this is depreciated
You are invited to add the template Educational assignment to the talk pages of articles which are created or significantly changed due to an assignment. The template looks like this:

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Biosthmors (talk • contribs) 14:15, 22 September 2013 (UTC)

Nodal link for non-US/Canada projects
Would anybody be interested in my adding a line in this page (not the discussion) linking to a list of projects in English which are not US/Canada-based. Since this region of the world created its own link, it is not easy to find information about the rest of us. What do you think? If you agree, where do I find information about current non-US/Canada ongoing projects? --Mcptrad (talk) 14:26, 17 November 2013 (UTC)

Possible Wikisource projects
The above linked to sister site doesn't actually yet have any sort of page for school and university projects, although I personally tend to think that for students of say high-school level and such it might be a very good place for classes dealing with, for instance, local history, to have students copy edit and add material relating to, for instance, the history of their county (and many have PD history books out there), state, notable figures, etc. All that would be required would be that there be an existing computer file of the text, and I can't see that as being particularly difficult to get going. Also, depending on the specific sources used in such efforts, the content of those works could itself be used as starter material for some related articles here. Just an idea, anyway. John Carter (talk) 17:43, 17 November 2013 (UTC)

A children wiki encyclopedia has just reached 1000 articles (in English)
You may have (or not) heard about this project before: vikidia in English has just reached 1000 articles after 4 month, a children wiki encyclopedia to build.

Here is the link: http://en.vikidia.org/ and some explanations: http://blog.wikimedia.fr/vikidia-in-english-opens-today-lets-build-a-children-wiki-encyclopedia-6400

I believe that such wikis have proven their sustainability, relevance and success, the two biggest ones following this model being Vikidia in French and WikiKids.nl in Dutch, with respectively 17000 and 15000 articles and hundreds of thousands readers every month. They also deal with schools projects. Younger people can be involved in the process, alone or within educational activities organised by schools. They may gain some digital/media literacy by learning about the functioning of a resource they will use extensively few years later: Wikipedia, although the goal is still to create content an the "knowledge resource" benefit of such a project.

Would it be useful to indicate it on the main WP:School and university projects page ? For it can be an option when working with younger pupils. Astirmays (talk) 08:22, 14 July 2014 (UTC)

Class project in Columbus, Georgia?
I noticed similar comments on the use of technology in Columbus, Georgia at User talk:Molly Browning and User talk:Yadirap1 which had been put up for speedy deletion by other editors. I have since moved those pages to User:Molly Browning and User:Yadirap1 respectively, but I wonder if this might be a school project. Is it worth asking the new editors if that is what they are involved with? --Metropolitan90 (talk) 04:55, 16 September 2014 (UTC)

Archives
This page doesn't appear to be updated very often. I created archives for 2013 and 2014 and just now went through and archived all those which ran during specified terms in the past. I left alone those which are "ongoing", including those which don't appear to have seen any activity in the last year or two. --—  Rhododendrites talk  \\ 16:34, 10 March 2015 (UTC)

A new newsletter directory is out!
A new Newsletter directory has been created to replace the old, out-of-date one. If your WikiProject and its taskforces have newsletters (even inactive ones), or if you know of a missing newsletter (including from sister projects like WikiSpecies), please include it in the directory! The template can be a bit tricky, so if you need help, just post the newsletter on the template's talk page and someone will add it for you.
 * – Sent on behalf of Headbomb. 03:11, 11 April 2019 (UTC)


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Tripoli

Tripoli or Tripolis (from Τρίπολις, meaning "three cities") may refer to:

Greece

 * Tripolis (region of Arcadia), a district in ancient Arcadia, Greece
 * Tripolis (Larisaia), an ancient Greek city in the Pelasgiotis district, Thessaly, near Larissa
 * Tripolis (Perrhaebia), a district of three cities in ancient Perrhaebia, Thessaly, Greece
 * Tripolis (region of Laconia), a district in ancient Laconia, Greece
 * Tripoli, Greece, a modern city in Arcadia regional unit, Peloponnese region

Lebanon

 * Tripoli, Lebanon, the second largest city in Lebanon
 * Tripoli District, Lebanon, a district in North Governorate
 * Tripolis (region of Phoenicia), a maritime district in ancient Phoenicia
 * County of Tripoli, one of the medieval Crusader states centered in Tripoli, Lebanon
 * Eyalet of Tripoli, a province of the Ottoman Empire centered in Tripoli, Lebanon
 * Port of Tripoli (Lebanon)

Libya

 * Tripoli, Libya, the capital of Libya
 * Tripoli District, Libya, one of Libya's districts
 * Tripolitania, a historic region of Libya
 * Ottoman Tripolitania, frequently described as the "Kingdom of Tripoli"
 * Tripolis (region of Africa), a district in ancient Tripolitania
 * Islamic Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, historical polity

Turkey

 * Tripolis on the Meander, an ancient city In Asia Minor, on the borders of Lydia, Caria and Phrygia
 * Tripolis (Pontus), an ancient Greek city in the Pontus region of Turkey
 * Tirebolu, the modern city in Giresun Province, Turkey, taking its name from and located on the site

United States

 * Tripoli, Iowa, a city in Bremer County, Iowa, United States
 * Tripoli, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community in Wisconsin, United States
 * New Tripoli, Pennsylvania, a village in Pennsylvania, United States

People

 * Leo of Tripoli (early 10th century), a Greek renegade and fleet commander for the Abbasid Caliphate
 * Melisende of Tripoli (fl. around 1160), daughter of the ruler of the Crusader County of Tripoli, Lebanon
 * Salvatore Tripoli (1904–1990), American professional boxer and Olympic medalist
 * Tony Tripoli (born 1969), American actor and LGBT rights activist
 * Jaman Tripoli (fl. 1998-2005), American soccer player
 * Pietro Tripoli (born 1987), Italian footballer

Entertainment

 * Tripoli (film), a 1950 American adventure film
 * "Tripoli", a song by Matthew Good Band from The Audio of Being
 * "Tripoli", a song by Pinback from Pinback
 * Moses Tripoli, a reincarnation of the character Hanzee Dent in the TV show Fargo

Sport

 * AC Tripoli, an association football club in Tripoli, Lebanon
 * Al Mouttahed Tripoli, or United Club Tripoli, a sports club in Tripoli, Lebanon
 * Asteras Tripoli F.C., an association football club in Tripoli, Greece
 * Tripoli Grand Prix, a car race held between 1925-1940 outside Tripoli, Libya

Other uses

 * USS Tripoli, various US Navy ships
 * Rotten stone, a polishing agent also known as tripoli

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tripoli


text:
Young, New South Wales

Young is a town in the South Western Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia and the largest town in the Hilltops Region. The "Lambing Flat" Post Office opened on 1 March 1861 and was renamed "Young" in 1863.

Young is marketed as the Cherry Capital of Australia and every year hosts the National Cherry Festival. Young is situated on the Olympic Highway and is approximately 2 hours drive from the Canberra area. It is in a valley, with surrounding hills. The town is named after Sir John Young, the governor of NSW from 1861 to 1867.

History
Before European settlers arrived in Young, members of the Burrowmunditory tribe, a family group of the indigenous Wiradjuri Nation, lived in the region. Descendants of the Burrowmunditory clan still live in Young.

James White was the first European settler in the district and established 'Burrangong' station in 1826 with a squatting claim of 100 sqmi. His story is told in the novel Brothers in Exile.

In late June 1860 Michael Sheedy from Binalong, and a group of other stockmen, were on James White's 'Burrangong' pastoral run looking for horses. The sheltered area known as 'Lambing Flat' lay along a creek between heavily timbered hills. Stock yards had been built there and used to enclose strayed and wild horses from the surrounding country. The cook for the party, an American, "who was familiar with the appearance of many other goldfields, was struck with the appearance of the place". The cook washed several spadefuls of earth "and succeeded in getting a good prospect of gold". After procuring the horses the men returned to Binalong, 32 miles to the south-east, and after a few days Sheedy and six men returned with tools and provisions, "determined to test the auriferous quality of the place". The second dishful washed by the men produced a nugget of seven pennyweight. By late July 1860 word had spread and there were about fifty persons at Lambing Flat who had joined the search for gold.

From November 1860 through to June 1861, anti-Chinese miners attacked Chinese gold miners in the area, now known as the infamous Lambing Flat riots. As gold became scarce, European miners began to resent what they saw as the greater success of the more industrious Chinese, and hence many Chinese miners were attacked, robbed and killed. The anti-Chinese rebels rallied in numbers of up to 3,000. Eventually the rioters were controlled, Chinese miners had their claims restored to them, but the New South Wales Parliament passed the Chinese Immigration Bill which restricted the number of Chinese that could be brought into New South Wales on any ship and imposed a tax per head on entry.

The town of Young was gazetted in 1861. The goldfields produced 470,000 ozt of gold sent by escort from the fields. Up to 20,000 miners worked the fields including about 2,000 Chinese miners.

Later in the 1860s, some Chinese, who remained in the district, ran intensive and successful market gardens, supplying Young and other towns, even as far away as Wagga.

The town was incorporated in 1882, with miller, Peter Cram, the first mayor.

In 1889 Young was the first town in Australia to install electricity into the streets and homes of the township; Tamworth NSW had installed electricity to the streets only the previous year.

The former Young Shire was acknowledged as the first Local Government Area to institute a rural school bus system in New South Wales.

Heritage listings
Young has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * Blayney–Harden railway: Young railway station
 * Lynch Street: City Bank building
 * Whiteman Avenue: Blackguard Gully

Climate
Owing to Young's far western location, it features hot, dry summers and cool, damp winters making for a particularly wide seasonal range characteristic of the South West Slopes region. Snow falls occasionally, notwithstanding its low elevation of just 400 m as it lay far west enough to bear the brunt of the cold westerly airmasses.

Climate data are sourced from Young Airport, at an elevation of 380 m and operating since 1988.

Demographics
At the 2021 census, the population of Young was 10,610, up from 10,295 people at the.

The breakdown of population in 2016 in the township included 367 people (5.1%) (197 males and 172 females) who identified as being of Indigenous origin. The median age of people was 40 years.

The number of people born overseas in the 2016 Census was 1023 (13.9%) compared with 650 (5.8%) in the 2001 Census, 589 (5.3%) in the 1996 Census and 549 (5.1%) in the 1991 Census. Of those born overseas, the three main countries of birth in the 2016 Census were:
 * England: 95 (1.3%)
 * New Zealand: 47 (0.7%) and;
 * Lebanon: 37 (0.5%).

In the 2016 Census, the three most common ancestries identified with were:

 * Australian: 3405 people (35.8%)
 * English: 2957 people (31.1%) and;
 * Irish: 1045 people (11.0%).

English was stated as the only language spoken at home by 6,413 people (89.6%) in the 2016 Census. The three most common languages spoken at home other than English in the 2016 Census were:

 * Arabic (including Lebanese): 88 (1.2%)
 * Tagalog: 22 (0.3%) and;
 * Mandarin: 22 (0.3%).

In the week preceding the 2016 Census, 1894 households (67.8%) had accessed the internet at home. 501 (8.9%) people held a bachelor's degree or above. 212 people were unemployed, representing 7.6% of the labour force. The median weekly individual income for people aged 15 years and over in the 2016 Census was $505. In the 2016 Census, there were 2,324 separate houses (83.2%), 202 semi-detached, row or terrace houses and townhouses (7.2%), 257 flats, units or apartments (9.2%) and 3 other dwellings (0.1%). In the 2016 Census, there were 594 couple families with children (which comprised 34.4% of all families in occupied private dwellings), 675 couple families without children (39.1%), 431 one parent families (24.9%) and 28 other families (1.6%).

At the, Young had a population of 6,960.

The Lambing Flat Chinese Tribute Gardens
Young Shire Council established the Lambing Flat Chinese Tribute Gardens adjacent to the site of Chinamans Dam, an old railway dam approximately 4 km south of Young. The gardens are intended to create an ambience similar to the Japanese Gardens at Cowra. Chinamans Dam, with an initial capacity of over 2 e6impgal when it was in railway use, is situated at a hamlet called Pitstone on Sawpit Gully. The dam was built in the 1860s by German brothers (from Hannover), Herman and John Tiedemann, to provide water for the sluicing of their Victoria Hill gold claims. At some time in the 1870s, the brothers sold the area, including the dam, to a Chinese group who worked the site.

The dam was used as a railway facility from 1882 when the NSW Railway Commissioners gave notice of the intention to build the first part of the Blayney-Demondrille railway. To provide water for its steam locomotives, the Commissioners decided to provide a dam and pump water from it to a facility, known as Young Tank, at the 246 mi post. It is not known whether the railways enhanced the existing dam or built a new facility.

From 1885 to 1901, locomotives stopped at Young Tank to replenish their water. In 1901, watering facilities were built at Young Station. The supply of water was obtained from Chinamans Dam. The capacity of the dam was enlarged in 1911. The dam was a popular spot for swimming and, whilst officially frowned upon, was tolerated.

Following the connection to the South West Tablelands Water Supply Scheme, which provided water from Burrinjuck Dam, the railways ceased to draw water from Chinamans Dam after 1936. The site was returned to the Crown in 1962 and in the following year, a 36 acre reserve was established and the Shire Council were appointed as trustees. The dam has since been enlarged.

Education
Young has six schools:
 * St Mary's Primary School
 * New Madinah College
 * Young North Primary School
 * Young Public School
 * Hennessy Catholic College
 * Young High School

Sport
Rugby football is traditionally popular in Young, with a strong Maher Cup rugby league team competing between 1920 and 1971.

The following sports teams operate out of Young: Australian rules football was also at times popular in Young, with the Young Saints experiencing success in the Central West AFL in the 1980s, however despite attempts to revive it as a junior club, folded in 2018.
 * Young Cherrypickers are a rugby league team playing in the Group 9 competition
 * Burrangong Bears are a rugby league team playing in the George Tooke Shield competition
 * Young Yabbies is a rugby union team playing in the Southern Inland Rugby Union competition.
 * Young Lions is a soccer club fielding teams that play in the Bathurst District Soccer Senior Men's and Senior Women's competition.

Newspapers

 * Burrangong Argus 1864–1914 (incorporated in The Young Witness)
 * Burrangong Chronicle 1873–1902 (became the Young Chronicle)
 * Burrangong Courier 1962 (ceased publication)
 * The Lambing Flat Miner 1862–1961 (ceased publication)
 * Young Chronicle 1902–1947 (incorporated in The Young Witness)
 * The Young Witness 1909–

Radio stations

 * ABC Classic FM 88.3
 * ABC Radio National 89.1/97.1
 * ABC Riverina 89.9/96.3
 * Roccy FM 93.9 (commercial)
 * SBS Radio FM 98.7 (retransmission)
 * triple j 90.7
 * 2LF AM 1350 (commercial)
 * 2YYY (community radio)

Churches

 * Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses, Wombat Street
 * New Life Community Church – McDonnels Road
 * St John's Anglican Church – cnr Cloete and Zouch Streets
 * St Mary's Roman Catholic Church – Ripon Street
 * St Paul's Presbyterian Church – cnr Lynch and Lovell Streets
 * Young Baptist Church – Nasmyth Street
 * Young Mosque (Lebanese Muslim Association) – Moppity Road
 * Young Seventh-Day Adventist Church – Wombat Street
 * Young Uniting Church – cnr Lynch and Cloete Streets

Notable people

 * Charles Anderson (1897–1988), a Member of Parliament
 * Dorothy M. Catts (1877–1961), writer, editor and businesswoman
 * Donald Chalmers, Chief of Navy from 1997 to 1999
 * Thomas Collins (1884–1945), a Member of Parliament
 * Rose Ann Creal, matron, recipient of the Royal Red Cross (First Class)
 * Peter Cusack, a rugby league footballer
 * Libby Gleeson, a children's author
 * Bert Hopkins, an Australian cricketer
 * Ron Lynch, a rugby league footballer and coach
 * Nathan Lyon, an Australian cricketer
 * Roger McDonald, an author
 * Brendon Reeves, a rugby league player
 * Kerry Saxby-Junna, double Commonwealth Games gold medal racewalker
 * Brett Mullins, a rugby league player
 * James Schiller, a rugby league player
 * Isaac Smith, AFL footballer

title: Young, New South Wales


text:
Talk:South China Morning Post

Untitled
Where did some of the readership stats in this article come from??? I would like to see an audit trail.

novacatz 10:26, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I somehow doubt the statistic of a vast majority of readers being in senior management positions. It seems as if students now account for a majority of SCMP readers due to school subscription programmes and such. However, these young readers may as well be undocumented, so it might be hard to come up with an exact figure. --Lapin rossignol 14:05, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Oh, I see the author noted that the statistics provided were valid as of 2003. Well then, I hope someone comes up with more recent data. Most secondary-school students I know are regular readers of SCMP (and they're local school students, not ESF/int'l). --Lapin rossignol 14:08, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

To the HKU students working on the Hong Kong related articles, can any of you help with the following questions:

 * Who reads this paper?
 * Who owns it?
 * Is there something unusual in the topics it tends to cover?
 * What it its editorial tone?

--Robert Merkel 07:10 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

To anyone, As we are doing a project on the newspaper industry in the digital era, please kindly fill in the questionnaire for me please Thank you very much. The website is http://www.my3q.com/home2/18/flora84/47337.phtml — Preceding unsigned comment added by Flora606250 (talk • contribs) 12:41, 24 July 2003 (UTC)

Mentioning of employees?
Referring to the editorial team, the article says it's a "seasoned team of professionals" that frequently breaks news. Can it be more specific as to how many employees there are? What is the percentage of locals versus Westerners? Also, the article may consider including a few awards that the newspaper has recently won. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Fortechina (talk • contribs) 11:12, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Use of Chinese in this article
South China Morning Post an English language publication. The depiction of Chinese, pinyin, IPA, and Jyutping is unnecessary and clutter. Chinese is often helpful for terms derived from Chinese, or China-centric topics often rendered exclusively in Chinese. However, in this case, the Chinese is a translation of the English, so its inclusion here is unwarranted. See Guide_to_writing_better_articles. Readers interested in the Chinese characters should click on the Chinese version of this article. --Jiang 08:05, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

--Lauren Stuchbery-- If the "Editorial" section is taken directly from a press release or blurb, it should be credited accordingly.

This Chinese name appears at the home page of its PC-version Hong Kong edition official website, so we know it does have an official Chinese name even if it is an English publication. Obonggi (talk) 15:26, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

love the government, but never marry it
User:Zeyfah added a quote from Jack Ma which I removed from the article. I feel that the quote is non-specific to this situation, and its relevance therefore is questionable until a reliable source brings this quote into play. On a second point, if we agree to keep this quote, it should be from a reliable source that makes the connection to this acquisition/ownership. --  Ohc  ¡digame! 14:31, 15 December 2015 (UTC)

 * this aged poorly, huh? 2604:3D08:778A:2400:20C4:779E:C1A4:88E6 (talk) 04:25, 23 November 2022 (UTC)

Political Alignment
The claim for SCMP's political alignment and the sources cited for it are ludicrous. Anyone who has casually perused the paper would know that it's hardly pro-China. Many of its articles are highly critical of China to the point of mockery. The claim of it being "anti-western/pro-China" is based exclusively on op-eds of western media, making it extremely biased and unsuitable for Wikipedia. In fact, why have an item of political alignment at all? I didn't see such an entry for several of the major American newspapers such as WSJ or NYT, so why here? Wikipedia is really not neutral. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.237.1.39 (talk • contribs) 22:52, 9 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Future predictions in 2015 on "pro-China" should not be taken as reference for current political alignment. If there is any evidence proving it is a "pro-China" newspaper, cite a report from this newspaper, cite a research on this newspaper. Same logic goes to Anti-Western. --WWbread （Open Your Mouth?） 06:45, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * in 2022: yes, SCMP is most definitely "pro-China" now. 2604:3D08:778A:2400:20C4:779E:C1A4:88E6 (talk) 04:27, 23 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @2604:3D08:778A:2400:20C4:779E:C1A4:88E6 Indeed - to be frank the simple fact that SCMP didn't cover the Sitong Bridge incident is telling enough. Quite surprised that there isn't a dedicated section in this article about the recent self censorship of the SCMP or alignement with traditional themes pushed by the usual state newspapers (traditional chinese medecine, space program, even their people & culture section is becoming more and more about useless Weibo trending topics). The quality of the newspaper has downgraded significantly since the NSL and is now just regurgitating themes defended in communist party's mouthpieces... 203.160.86.51 (talk) 16:41, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

Please explain how the sources do not support the claim that the stance of the newspaper is not anti-Western/pro-China when the comments which are documented in those very sources to have been made by the executive vice-chairman of the company that has purchased the newspaper reflect exactly that stance. Please also clarify what you mean when you wrote "watch this space" in you summary. Wingwraith (talk) 21:19, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Thanks for raising your concern on Talk. Your request for clarification contains a double-negative; please clarify whether this was intended by you before I respond.  Thanks.  sirlanz 23:54, 6 October 2017 (UTC)
 * When I wrote "the claim" I meant the claim that you seem to be making so yes I wrote what I intended to write. Wingwraith (talk) 21:20, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
 * In confirming your double-negative, your question is not for me as my position is clearly that the sources do not support the claim that the paper is (not is not) anti-Western/pro-China. Let me assist further by stripping out the double-negative revealing your question in a simpler form:  "Please explain how the sources support the claim that the stance of the newspaper is anti-Western/pro-China ..." That is for you (if you oppose, as you clearly do, the removal of the claim) or some other like-minded editor, not me.
 * Assuming, on the other hand, that your double-negative was not intended (notwithstanding your clarification above), then I answer the opposite question: all of the sources were written at the time of the Alibaba takeover.  Any statements made at the time have no bearing on how the paper actually performs in reporting events.  The fact of the statements is not a fact about the paper's reporting performance.  To establish the claim, reports/studies showing such bias in the newspaper itself are necessary. sirlanz 00:13, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Which is why my explanation request (issued from my perspective) was clearly directed to you as I obviously disagreed with your position; to be clear there was nothing in my OP to you which I was asserting on objective grounds. I also don't fully understand some of the arguments that you made for which I would like further clarification: what do you mean by reports/studies that show the bias that SCMP has? Did you mean assert? In any case that's a high threshold to meet so what reports/studies do you have in mind? Also there's already some content in the article about the reported effects that the political stance of some members of the newspaper's editorial board have directly had on its publication output; would these not be sufficient to establish the claim that the newspaper has a bias? At the very least I think that there hasn't been enough content in this article that is devoted to explaining (the concerns over) its political alignment, particularly after the Alibaba takeover, so I propose the creation of a sub-section section to address those concerns; do you have any comments on that? Wingwraith (talk) 05:36, 14 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Impeccable idea. Do it, with impeccable sources.  sirlanz 05:52, 14 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Are you being serious or are you just patronizing me? Because I'm asking you some serious questions...Wingwraith (talk) 06:01, 14 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Well, since we're getting personal now, perhaps I should assist you with a disclosure of interest of a sort. I cancelled my paid subscription to the SCMP some time before the Alibaba takeover on the ground that it was a poorly-disguised CCP rag with obvious pro-CCP bias and for continuing to publish rabidly anti-Western opeds by racist Alex Lo and reports and editorials by then rising star pea-brained card-carrying Tammy Tam.  So you don't have to sell me on its bias.  But that's just personal.  The allegation cannot be published if it is not properly supported in an encyclopaedic manner.  I have already explained why the sources are completely useless in achieving that aim. sirlanz 07:03, 14 October 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 external links on South China Morning Post. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:14, 7 November 2017 (UTC)

Inclusion of logo
Multiple users ( and myself) have objected to the removal of the logo by User:MarchOrDie. It isn't redundant as it isn't even the same as the masthead. Citobun (talk) 01:53, 3 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Agree, the logo should be used in the infobox, especially since it does not appear in the masthead of the newspaper in the image. Kdm852 (talk) 06:07, 3 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Two. But you need an actual reason to keep it. Do you have one? This isn't difficult. --MarchOrDie (talk) 06:09, 3 April 2019 (UTC)

 * Thanks for calling me a "wanker" on my talk page, very mature. I have provided a reason. The logo is graphically distinct from the masthead. Citobun (talk) 06:18, 3 April 2019 (UTC)
 * You're welcome; that was absolutely a wanker's move and a very poor show. Please don't do it again. It being "graphically distinct from the masthead" is not a reason for including it. Do you have one? I presume you do, as you have reverted twice to restore it. What is the reason we cannot live without it? --MarchOrDie (talk) 06:24, 3 April 2019 (UTC)

 * Please review the policy at Civility and stop name-calling. You've said the logo is "redundant" and should therefore be removed. I am saying it isn't redundant. The logo and the masthead are graphically distinct from one another. They are composed of different graphical elements. Citobun (talk) 06:30, 3 April 2019 (UTC)

 * I didn't call you a name, I criticized your behavior which I stand by. What you did was a wanker's move. If you prefer not to be called out for making wanker's moves, the remedy is not to make them. It is redundant as the two logos are largely identical and there is no support in policy or practice to carry multiple versions of a company's branding. We are not here to advertise them, and one version of their logo is enough. Again, why would we need two? Or, by your logic, why stop at two? If I can find other versions, ought they to also be included? --MarchOrDie (talk) 06:36, 3 April 2019 (UTC)

 * Three people disagree with you on this. Give it up. Citobun (talk) 06:38, 3 April 2019 (UTC)

 * Do they? How interesting. If they are unable to give a reason for their disagreement, their opinions are worthless as we do not operate on headcounts, but require intelligent argument. Any going? --MarchOrDie (talk) 06:40, 3 April 2019 (UTC)

 * Thank you, Citobun, for opening this discussion here. As I pointed out in MarchOrDie's talk page, I also agree that the logo and the masthead are actually different. MarchOrDie, you mentioned multiple times why a logo of a newspaper should be included. I believe newspaper companies are also companies, and that we should not treat it differently with other articles. Even if the scanned newspaper includes a logo, there's no reason to not include a different company logo file to the infobox. If according to your suggestion, then Microsoft also has an image of the building with the logo on it, should we also remove the Microsoft logo as well? This is also about consistency – if we had to remove logos because they are "redundant" and "not useful", there is going to be a lot of work (other newspaper articles has the same situation, and you simply removed the logo from one article The New York Times) and it will be a mess in the future. –Wefk423 (talk) 10:44, 3 April 2019 (UTC)

Notes on Chinese names
https://www.hkcnews.com/article/34027/褚簡寧-michael_chugani-34027/ states: WhisperToMe (talk) 01:47, 21 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Alex Lo: 盧綱
 * Yonden Hlatoo has a romanized form (雲丹・拉圖), so he doesn't have a Chinese name

Citing an Op-ed from the New York Times to label South China Morning Post as "Propaganda"
Please indulge me why the New York Times is not a biased source, considering every media company in the world reflects certain political views. The BBC,CNN, even WSJ are all politically aligned with the Anglo Saxon world and are Pro-Western media. Any media outlet that holds different point of views is labeled "propaganda," and warned not to be trusted yet no one seems to notice or care about the blatant double standards. Allegations are not proof, yet you people want to add weight to that claim by placing it in the lead section. When I read it, it makes me think SCMP is propaganda outlet, which it isn't but you made it look that way. If I wanted to know more about the Palestine-Israel conflict I could pay attention to Israel media outlets, but then I would be fed pro-Israel side of things. Vice versa, if I pay attention to Palestinian media, I would be fed pro-Palestinian side of things. You don't understand that the New York Times is not invulnerable to biases too, especially when China is a threat to American military and economic supremacy? The sinophobia is clear as day.

″Since the change of ownership in 2016, it has been alleged to be on a mission to promote China's soft power abroad.[9] According to critics, it is moving away from independent journalism and pioneering a new form of "propaganda".[9]″ EndRacismNow2021 (talk) 15:53, 25 May 2021 (UTC)

 * EndRacismNow2021, the passage that you are blanking doesn't "label" SCMP as propaganda. It mentions allegations that the paper is used to promote China's soft power abroad. This is supported by numerous references in the body of the article, including several pieces in The New York Times, which is considered a reliable source acceptable for use on Wikipedia. Please review Reliable sources/Perennial sources. There are citations which are not "op-eds", such as this one. Citobun (talk) 01:06, 26 May 2021 (UTC)

Anyone can make up "allegations", but to give it that much weight by putting it in the lead section would undoubtedly cause serious REPUTATIONAL damage to the newspaper if that's your intended goal. Second, why are you cherry picking which sources are reliable and which are unreliable? Why is all Chinese media considered unreliable? If they cover a story talking about the suicide of Jeffrey Epstein, is it a lie because Chinese media covered it? Do you think politics bleeds into the media? Are all Israeli media outlets unreliable, because they are pro-Israeli? Do you trust the Saudi Arabian media when they say they have the best women's rights?EndRacismNow2021 (talk) 01:28, 27 May 2021 (UTC)

 * Much of the article is about SCMP's recent reputation and political stance. There are many references on this subject, so it's not undue weight to include it in the lede. You seem to be Casting aspersions against me in the rest of your comment – I don't know why. I also don't see how Jeffrey Epstein, Israel, etc. are related to this discussion. Citobun (talk) 08:03, 27 May 2021 (UTC)

Why are you trying to avoid my question? I used those examples to try to understand your thinking. Upon inspecting your page, I see you like to share Anti-government media outlets in Hong Kong. Now I know where you politically align yourself, you're exposed. The CEO of SCMP is a Chinese American, how does that support the China propaganda narrative that you're trying to spread? EndRacismNow2021 (talk) 08:29, 27 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Please do not attack other editors.PrisonerB (talk) 08:53, 27 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:South China Morning Post


text:
Chinese University of Hong Kong

The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) is a public research university in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.

The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), commonly referred to as CUHK, is a collegiate public research comprehensive university in Hong Kong. Established in 1963 through the merger of Chung Chi College, New Asia College, and United College, it is the first research university in Hong Kong and the only one adopting a college system.

Origins
The university was formed in 1963 as a federation of three existing colleges. The first of these, New Asia College, was established in 1949 by anti-Communist Confucian scholars from Mainland China amid the revolution there. Among the founders were Ch'ien Mu, Tang Junyi, and Tchang Pi-kai. Curriculum focused particularly on Chinese heritage and social concerns. The early years of this school were tumultuous, with the campus relocating several times between rented premises around Kowloon. Academics there were often self-exiled from the mainland and they struggled financially, with students sometimes sleeping on rooftops and teachers foregoing pay to sustain the college. Funds were gradually raised and the school moved to a new campus in Kau Pui Lung, built with the support of the Ford Foundation, in 1956. Following the Communist revolution and the breakdown in relations between China and the United States at the 1950 outbreak of the Korean War, all Christian colleges and universities in the People's Republic of China were shut down. Chung Chi College was founded in 1951 by Protestant churches in Hong Kong to continue the theological education of mainland churches and schools. The 63 students of its first year operating were taught in various churches and rented premises on Hong Kong Island. The college moved to its present location in Ma Liu Shui (i.e., the present CUHK campus) in 1956. By 1962, a year before the founding of CUHK, Chung Chi had 531 students in 10 departments taught by a full-time faculty of 40, excluding tutors.

United College was founded in 1956 with the merging of five private colleges in Guangdong province: Canton Overseas, Kwang Hsia, Wah Kiu, Wen Hua, and Ping Jing College of Accountancy. The first school president was Dr F.I. Tseung. The original campus on Caine Road on Hong Kong Island accommodated over 600 students.

These three colleges (along with some others created during this era) helped fill a void in the post-secondary education options available to Hong Kong Chinese students. Before 1949, such students could attend a university in the mainland. But with this option spoiled by the upheavals in China, students were unable to further their studies at a university unless their English proficiency was sufficient to enrol at the University of Hong Kong, then the only university in the territory. In 1957, New Asia College, Chung Chi College, and United College came together to establish the Chinese Colleges Joint Council.

Foundation
In June 1959, the Hong Kong government expressed its intent to establish a new university with a medium of instruction of Chinese. The same year, the Post-Secondary Colleges Ordinance was announced to provide government funding and official recognition to New Asia, Chung Chi and United colleges in hopes that the money would "enable them to raise their standards to a level at which they might qualify for university status, probably on a federal basis". The ordinance was enacted on 19 May 1960.

The Chinese University Preparatory Committee was established in June 1961 to advise the government on possible sites for the new university. The following May, the Fulton Commission was formed to assess the suitability of the three government-funded Post-Secondary Colleges to become constituent colleges of the new university. The commission, headed by Vice-Chancellor John Fulton of the newly established University of Sussex, visited Hong Kong over the summer and produced an interim report recommending the establishment of the federal university comprising the three colleges.

The Fulton Commission report was tabled in the Legislative Council in June 1963, and the Chinese University of Hong Kong Ordinance was passed in September of that year. The school was officially inaugurated in a ceremony at City Hall on 17 October 1963, officiated by the founding chancellor, Sir Robert Brown Black. The next year, Dr. Li Choh-ming was appointed the first vice-chancellor of the university. The university originally comprised the Faculty of Arts, Faculty of Science and Faculty of Social Science. Construction began at the site of the new campus in the Ma Liu Shui area, where Chung Chi College was already established, for new facilities to house central administration and the relocated New Asia and United colleges.

1963–present
Construction of the new campus continued throughout the 1960s to a development plan produced by W. Szeto and Partners. Above the valley occupied by Chung Chi College, on two plateaux formed by granite quarrying for the Plover Cove dam, the quarters for the other two colleges would flank the Central Campus housing administrative buildings and other shared facilities. Some of the most iconic buildings on campus, like the University Library, were built in this period along the monumental axis of the University Mall in the subdued concrete aesthetic for which the school is known. The School of Education, which would later become a faculty, was founded in 1965. The Graduate School, the first in Hong Kong, was founded in 1966 and the first batch of master's degrees were awarded the following year. In the early 1970s, New Asia and United College moved into their new premises on the highest plateau of the campus. The Student Union was established in 1971. The School of Medicine was founded in 1977 and the teaching hospital, the Prince of Wales Hospital in nearby Sha Tin New Town, was established several years later.

The university constitution was also reviewed in the 1970s with an aim to assessing the school's growth and charting its future. In 1975 the chancellor appointed an external commission, again chaired by Lord Fulton, to review the university constitution. Aside from Fulton, the commission comprised I.C.M. Maxwell (its secretary), Sir Michael Herries, and Professor C.K. Yang. The commission held five days of filmed hearings to garner comments from stakeholders. This second Fulton Report recommended that academic policy, finances, matriculation of students, appointment of staff, curriculum, examinations, and the awarding of degrees fall under the purview of the university administration. Buildings would also be maintained by the university regardless of which college owned them. The colleges would be entrusted with small group "student-oriented teaching". Rationalisation was suggested to reduce duplication of efforts among the different colleges. The federal structure of the university would thus be replaced by something closer to that of a unitary university. This was controversial among the colleges. The Board of Governors of New Asia College flatly rejected the recommendations of the report, alleging that it would destroy the collegiate system, turning the colleges into "empty shells". Dr. Denny Huang, a longtime member of the Board of Governors of Chung Chi College, criticised the effort to centralise powers and stated that the college governorship would be reduced to "nothing more than managers of an estate". The Fulton Report recommendations were packaged into the Chinese University of Hong Kong Bill 1976. In defence of the bill the acting Secretary for Social Services, M.C. Morgan, said that "a situation with each college developing into a little university of its own was not compatible with the sensible evolution of a modern major seat of higher learning". The changes recommended by the report came into effect in December 1976. The first non-founding college, Shaw College, was named after its patron, Sir Run Run Shaw, who donated five hundred million Hong Kong dollars toward its establishment in May 1985. The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Declaration of Shaw College) Ordinance was passed by the Legislative Council in July 1986, and the fourth college was officially opened in March 1990 by Run Run Shaw and Governor David Wilson.

The 1990s brought about another building boom. The original Chung Chi teaching and administration blocks were demolished and replaced with larger, more modern structures in several phases over the course of a decade. The Ho Sin-Hang engineering block opened in 1994 to house the new School of Engineering. In 1994, the school transitioned to a British-style three-year bachelor's degree system. The Hong Kong Internet Exchange, a metropolitan network backbone, was founded in 1995 and remains an internet hub for the region.

In the 2000s, the underwent another period of expansion, in part to accommodate increased student numbers brought about by the 334 Scheme. Five new colleges came into operation: Morningside College (Hong Kong) and S. H. Ho College were announced in 2006, and were followed in 2007 by C. W. Chu College, Wu Yee Sun College and Lee Woo Sing College. These colleges are smaller in scale than the older ones, each comprising only one or two blocks rather than an entire section of campus and housing fewer students, but they nonetheless each contain the usual array of facilities like student hostels, amenities and communal dining halls. New teaching blocks and a student amenity centre were also opened near the railway station.

Goddess of Democracy

On 29 May 2010, when the CUHK student union sought to permanently locate a 'Goddess of Democracy' statue on campus, the administrative and planning committee of the university convened an emergency meeting for 1 June, chaired by incumbent vice-chancellor Lawrence Lau, to consider the request. The application was turned down; the reason provided was the need for the university to maintain political neutrality. Staff and students objected to the refusal, however, accusing the committee of self-censorship; students declared they were prepared for a stand-off against the university, saying they would ensure the statues were accommodated on campus "at all costs".

A student meeting was convened, and student union President Eric Lai told 2,000 attendees that the university officials should apologise for their opposition of the art display. On 4 June, bowing to public outcry and student pressure, the university relented, and allowed the statue on campus. Vice-chancellor-designate Joseph Sung, who was consulted on the vote in absentia, admitted that it was the biggest political storm in 21 years. He revealed that, in addition to preserving political neutrality, safety and security concerns were factors in the decision. He also drew a distinction between this application – for a permanent University installation – and hypothetical applications for short-term expressions of free speech, suggesting the latter would have been more likely to be approved, but he criticised the management team as "immature" and "inexperienced" in handling the incident.

An editorial in The Standard criticised the committee's naivety in not anticipating the reaction. It was also highly critical of Sung for seeking to distance himself from the decision with such a "lame excuse". Outgoing vice-chancellor Lawrence Lau defended the committee's decision as "collective and unanimous" after "detailed consideration," citing the unanimous vote of the administrative and planning committee, and he disagreed with Sung's characterisation of the management team. While the vote was unanimous, however, Sung stated that he had suggested the wording of the decision include the qualification that the committee "had not reached a consensus."

The student union said the two professors should have communicated to reach a consensus, and that Lau's reply "failed to explain why the school used political neutrality as a reason to reject the statue."

2019 protest conflict

During the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests, the campus became the site of a series of clashes between protesters and the Hong Kong Police Force. Students and protesters disrupted traffic near the university to facilitate a Hong Kong-wide general strike on 11 November 2019. On 12 November, the riot police entered the campus and fired 1,567 tear gas rounds, 380 bean bag rounds and 1,312 rubber bullets while protesters built barricades, throwing bricks and petrol bombs. President Rocky Tuan tried to seek mediation with the police, which was rejected. It resulted in a two-day siege of the university by the police from 13 to 15 November. Most protesters left the campus by 15 November. At least 70 students were injured. Protestors barricaded most entrances and exits, leading to a campus-wide transport disruption. The increasing violence led to the University Senate voting to cancel the ongoing semester, followed by a university-wide evacuation.

Governance
Prior to Hong Kong's handover, the colony's governor was the de jure chancellor of the university. That role was assumed by the territory's chief executive following the handover. For a list of pre- and post-handover university chancellors, refer to the articles for the governor of Hong Kong and the chief executive of Hong Kong.

President and vice-chancellor
The president/vice-chancellor is under the council of the university, followed by the pro-vice-chancellor/vice-president. There are nine colleges and eight faculties, each of which has its own dean/head.

List of presidents and vice-chancellors since 1963

 * 1) Li Choh-ming (1963–78)
 * 2) Ma Lin (1978–87)
 * 3) Sir Charles Kao (1987–96)
 * 4) Arthur Li (1996–2002)
 * 5) Ambrose King (2002–30 June 2004)
 * 6) Lawrence Lau (1 July 2004 – 30 June 2010)
 * 7) Joseph Sung (1 July 2010 – 31 December 2017)
 * 8) Rocky Tuan (1 January 2018 – present)

Organisation
CUHK is a comprehensive research university with most departments and schools organised into eight faculties, namely the Faculties of Arts, Business Administration, Education, Engineering, Law, Medicine, Science, and Social Science, along with a graduate school which administers all the postgraduate programmes provided by different academic units. Moreover, associate School of Continuing and Professional Studies (CUSCS) offers associate degree and higher diploma programmes.

Funding
In 2005, the university budget was HK$4,558 million, with government subvention of about HK$2,830 million. In the 2018–19 fiscal year (starts 1 April), total income was increased to $9,624 million while government subvention had risen to $5,121 million, about 53.2% of the total budget.

Teaching and learning
CUHK currently adopts a strategic plan in five fields of academic inquiry: Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Studies, Economics & Finance, Geoinformation & Earth Sciences and Information Sciences. Despite the stipulation of using Chinese language as the principal medium in the university's ordinance, CUHK has emphasised the importance of both English and Chinese. However, most classes still adopt English as the main language of instruction.

Research
The Yale-China Chinese Language Centre (CLC), formerly New Asia – Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center, was founded in 1963 under the joint auspices of New Asia College and the Yale-China Association. The centre became part of Chinese University in 1974 and has been responsible for the teaching of one language education (Putonghua and Cantonese) of university students as well as other Putonghua and Cantonese learners. Courses are offered for non-native speakers and for native speakers of Chinese. Programmes are divided into Putonghua courses for local students, Cantonese courses for mainland Chinese Students and Putonghua and Cantonese courses for non-native Chinese speakers.

The university also hosts several research centres. The Childhood Bilingualism Research Centre (CBRC) is part of the Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages. Research at the centre includes documenting the development of bilingualism in bilingual children and assessing the bilingual competence they gain in childhood; raising the public's awareness of Hong Kong children's development of biliteracy and trilingualism; and studying and supporting the revitalisation of minority languages in the context of bilingual and multilingual education. The centre is directed by Professor Virginia Yip and Professor Stephen Matthews.

The Universities Service Centre for China Studies (USC), founded in 1963 as "The Universities Service Center," was renamed and moved from Kowloon to the campus in 1988. Its mission is to support the study of contemporary China and Hong Kong, especially among mainland Chinese, Hong Kong, and international scholars. The centre houses a major collection of mainland newspapers, periodicals, and official publications.

Libraries and museums

The University Library System (ULS) comprises seven different libraries and several special collections. The largest library is the University Library at the Central Campus, which recently underwent a significant renovation and building expansion. The other six libraries are the Elisabeth Luce Moore Library, Ch’ien Mu Library, Wu Chung Library, Architecture Library, Li Ping Medical Library, and Lee Quo Wei Law Library.

Among the collections housed by ULS includes the Hong Kong Studies Archive, Hong Kong Literature Collection, Chinese Overseas Collection, Nobel Laureate GAO, Xingjian Collection, Nobel Laureate CY Yang Archive, American Studies Resource Collection and Modern Chinese Drama Collection.

CUHK also houses the Chinese University of Hong Kong Art Museum, which houses "a wide range of artefacts illuminating the rich arts, humanities and cultural heritage of ancient and pre-modern China."

A new 800 m2 Museum of Climate Change, the first such museum in Hong Kong, opened in December 2013 in the Yasumoto International Academic Park building. Funded by the Hong Kong Jockey Club, the 100 exhibits on display illustrate the effects of climate change. The museum is open to the public free of charge. Also in 2013, the University Gallery opened in the central library to showcase the history of the school in light of its Golden Jubilee anniversary.

Reputation and rankings
CUHK has been consistently regarded as one of the top three universities in Hong Kong by various university rankings.

Overall rankings
CUHK was ranked #47 worldwide in QS WUR 2024, #53 worldwide in THE WUR 2024, and #53 worldwide in US News & Report 2022–2023, and #101-150 worldwide in ARWU 2021. CUHK has been the top Hong Kong institution in the ARWU, which is based on awards and research output, including those league tables in 2006, 2010, 2011, and 2013. The HKU Public Opinion Programme survey (2012) gave it the 2nd place. China's Alumni Association placed it among the "6-Star Greater China's Universities" (the highest level). It was ranked fourth in the association's 2014 Ranking of Institutions with the Most Best Disciplines in HK, Macau and Taiwan.

CUHK was 65th worldwide in terms of aggregate performance across THE, QS, and ARWU, as reported by ARTU 2023.

Subject/Area rankings
Besides overall rankings, a list of subject rankings of Hong Kong tertiary institutions is available to show the strength of its individual disciplines ranked by the above organisations. CUHK business school was ranked 17th in the Financial Times EMBA rankings, and its MBA programme was placed 27th worldwide in the Global MBA Rankings (2013) and 94th in the Economist's 2012 ranking.

CUHK received eight Higher Education Outstanding Scientific Research Output Awards (Science and Technology) from mainland China's Ministry of Education (MoE) in 2014, including two first-class awards and five second-class awards in Natural Sciences, making it the institution receiving the highest number of awards among Hong Kong tertiary institutions.

Despite a short history of 43 years as of 2024, CUHK's medical school was ranked as world's #49 in 2014, #47 in 2016, and #28 in 2024 in QS ranking. It has built abundant specialty research centres and hailed constant research innovations by its faculty. The medical school curriculum also places a heavy emphasis on bioethics and humanity in medicine and has built this course track in collaboration with Columbia University. The university's non-profit private teaching hospital, CUHK Medical Centre, opened in 2021.

School environment
CUHK possesses the largest campus of all higher education institutions in Hong Kong. The hilly 137.3 ha campus hosts a range of facilities essential for an all-round campus experience, such as libraries, art museums, music halls, a swimming pool, sports fields, tennis courts, squash courts, a water sports centre and gymnasiums. Many points (e.g. the Pavilion of Harmony) around the campus offer attractive views of Tide Cove and the Tolo Harbour.

The university has two full-size sports grounds with running tracks: the Sir Philip Haddon-Cave Sports Field and the Lingnan Stadium. The Olympic-size swimming pool at the Benjamin Franklin Centre was completed in 1973; its opening ceremony was held in October 1974 and hosted by Charles T. Cross. The university's Water Sports Centre, on the shore of Tide Cove, offers facilities and equipment hire for sailing, rowing, and windsurfing.

Most of CUHK's campus is located within Sha Tin District, though small parts of it are in Tai Po District.

Collegiate system
As a collegiate university, the school comprises nine colleges that differ in character and history, each retaining substantial autonomy on institutional affairs: Chung Chi College, New Asia College, United College, Shaw College, Morningside College, S. H. Ho College, Lee Woo Sing College, Wu Yee Sun College and C. W. Chu College. All undergraduates are affiliated to one of them. Colleges are designed as communities with their own hostels, dining halls and other facilities. Students receive pastoral care and whole-person education, including formal and non-formal general education by means of close interaction with teachers and peers, and in some colleges, assemblies and college final year project. Colleges promote extracurricular social and athletic activities with an aim of building camaraderie among students. This focus on 'student orientated teaching', education through both formal teaching and student empowerment, distinguishes CUHK from other universities in the territory.

When the structure of the university was revamped in 1976, and the autonomy of the colleges diminished, Lord Fulton clarified the role of the colleges: "the natural home of student-oriented teaching is the college [which] is an association of senior and junior members come together in pursuit of shared academic interests and aims." He wrote that the colleges help students achieve "a sense of his or her personal significance and responsibility, and on that basis to enrich the common life."

Transportation
Although the campus is located away from the busier districts of Hong Kong, access to the school is easy. The university is served by University station of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) as well as the Hong Kong bus system. Bus and railway stations are located beside Chung Chi College, with additional bus stops just outside the two school entrances on Tai Po Road. To cope with new students from the 3-3-4 education system, the new exit D of University station opened in September 2012.

A system of shuttle bus routes, operated by the university's Transport Office, runs between the MTR station, academic buildings, and residences. Shuttle buses are free for students and staff. There are paid shuttle light bus operating from Monday to Saturday as well. The topography of the campus, as well a layout confusing to newcomers, may deter many from walking around campus. Many buildings on campus incorporate lifts and bridges designed to provide shortcuts in ascending the hill. The latest campus master plan has recognized this strategy as desirable and proposes the development of new walking routes to reduce reliance on the campus bus system.

Notable people
As of 2013, four Nobel Prize winners are associated with the university, including Chen Ning Yang, James Mirrlees, Robert Alexander Mundell and former university president Charles K. Kao.

Other notable faculty members include mathematician Shing-Tung Yau, laureate of the Fields Medal and the Veblen Prize, and computational theorist Andrew Yao, laureate of the Turing Award, and surgeon James Ware.

CUHK-Shenzhen
In 2014, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen) was officially founded in Shenzhen, a city of Guangdong Province on the southern coast of Mainland China near Hong Kong. According to CUHK, its campus in Sha Tin and CUHK-Shenzhen are "one brand, two campuses", and are supervised by the same Senate. Graduates from CUHK-Shenzhen are awarded degrees of CUHK, the same as those awarded to CUHK graduates (but denoting the Shenzhen campus in the text"), as well as a graduation certificate approved by the Ministry of Education and conferred by CUHK-Shenzhen.

title: Chinese University of Hong Kong


text:
Talk:Education in Hong Kong

High School should be equivalent of S4-S6 study
Under the section, Primary and secondary education: School years. It is listed that high school is the school for University study. I believe this is a mistake as high school is generally regarded as S4-S6 years. I'm not sure if there are exceptions and whether 'high school' has another meaning? ZeroApocalypse (talk) 04:16, 28 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Education in Hong Kong


text:
Boyd Gaming

Boyd Gaming Corporation is an American gaming and hospitality company based in Paradise, Nevada. The company continues to be run by founder Sam Boyd's family under the management of Sam's granddaughter, Marianne Boyd-Johnson, who currently serves as the company's executive chairman after her father, Bill, was appointed Chairman Emeritus in May 2023.

As of 2021, Boyd operates 28 properties with a total of 10,751 hotel rooms and 1694482 sqft of casino space with 31,635 slot machines and 686 table games. Gaming revenue is 80% of total gross revenue.

History
Boyd Gaming's history dates to 1941, when founder Sam Boyd first arrived in Las Vegas with his family. After being hired as a dealer, Sam Boyd worked his way up through the ranks of the Las Vegas casino industry, first to pit boss, then shift boss. He eventually saved enough to buy a small interest in the Sahara Hotel and Casino; later, Sam Boyd left the Sahara to become general manager and partner of The Mint Las Vegas.

Sam Boyd first partnered with his son Bill in 1962, when the two teamed up to acquire the Eldorado Casino in Henderson, Nevada. Bill, who was then a practicing attorney, acquired his first stake in the Eldorado by doing its legal work. Sam would go on to manage the Eldorado full-time after the Mint was sold in 1968.

Although the Boyd family had been involved in the Las Vegas casino industry for decades, Boyd Gaming Corporation wasn't founded until January 1, 1975, when the company was formed to develop and operate the California Hotel and Casino in downtown Las Vegas. Then known as the Boyd Group, the company initially had 75 investors.

Boyd Gaming embarked on its first expansion in 1979, when it opened the first Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall-branded property; Sam's Town Las Vegas on Boulder Highway at Nellis Boulevard. Considered one of the first "locals" properties in the Las Vegas Valley, Sam's Town helped inaugurate the later development of Las Vegas' "Boulder Strip."

During these first two decades in operation, Sam and Bill Boyd developed a reputation for running a squeaky-clean operation. As a result, Nevada regulators turned to the Boyds for help following an investigation of skimming operations at the Stardust and Fremont casinos in the mid-1980s. The properties were notorious at the time for their extensive skimming operations; according to the FBI, anywhere from $7 million to $15 million in funds from the Stardust were diverted to organized crime figures between 1974 and 1976 alone.

In 1984, after leveling a $3 million fine against the Stardust for skimming, the Nevada Gaming Commission asked the Boyds to run the property's gaming operations. When the Stardust was taken over by the reputable Boyd family, they were surprised by its huge profits, now that every penny of income was being recorded. Ex-FBI agent William F. Roemer Jr., longtime senior agent of the FBI's organized-crime squad in Chicago and an expert in Las Vegas doings, said, "The amount of skim had been so heavy that the profit and loss statement did not present a true picture of the gold mine that the Stardust was." After several years of successful operations, Boyd Gaming officially acquired the Stardust and Fremont in 1985.

Company founder Sam Boyd died on January 15, 1993, at the age of 82, and was succeeded as chief executive officer by Bill Boyd. In July of the same year, Boyd Gaming held its initial public offering of stock, debuting on the New York Stock Exchange under ticker symbol "BYD."

Funds from the IPO supplied Boyd Gaming with a source of capital for expansion, and the company embarked on a period of aggressive growth. The company acquired the Eldorado and Jokers Wild (which had previously been owned directly by the Boyd family) in 1993; later that year, Boyd Gaming acquired the bankrupt Main Street Station Hotel and Casino and Brewery.

The company's first expansion outside of Nevada came in 1994, when Boyd Gaming opened Sam's Town Tunica in Mississippi. Later expansions included:

 * Silver Star Hotel and Casino, owned by the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians (opened in 1994; management contract expired in 2000);
 * Treasure Chest Casino in Kenner, Louisiana (Boyd owned 15% of the property at its 1994 opening, before acquiring Treasure Chest outright in 1997);
 * Sam's Town Kansas City (opened 1995, closed 1998);
 * Par-A-Dice Hotel and Casino in East Peoria, Illinois. (acquired in 1996);
 * Blue Chip Casino, Hotel and Spa in Michigan City, Indiana. (acquired in 1999);
 * Delta Downs Racetrack Casino & Hotel, Vinton, Louisiana (acquired in 2001);
 * Sam's Town Shreveport (formerly Harrah's Shreveport; acquired from Harrah's Entertainment in 2004).

Boyd Gaming's most ambitious expansion project came in 2003, when the company opened the $1.1 billion Borgata Hotel Casino in Atlantic City, N.J. A joint venture with MGM Resorts International, Borgata was the first new casino property to open in Atlantic City in 13 years, and quickly emerged as the market's leading property by gaming revenue. Borgata is by far Boyd Gaming's largest property, and currently supplies more than a third of the company's overall profits.

Less than a year after Borgata opened, Boyd Gaming announced plans to acquire Coast Casinos, Inc., one of the largest operators of locals casinos in the Las Vegas market. Completed on July 1, 2004, the $1.3 billion acquisition gave Boyd Gaming four additional Las Vegas properties—Suncoast; Gold Coast; the Orleans; and Barbary Coast.

The Coast acquisition also included the yet-to-be completed South Coast, located five miles (8 km) south of the Strip on Las Vegas Boulevard. Boyd Gaming completed the project and opened its doors on December 22, 2005 Boyd Gaming operated the property for less than a year before selling it to former Coast CEO Michael Gaughan in 2006. (The property was rebranded to its current name, South Point, following the sale to Gaughan.)

In 2006, Boyd Gaming turned its focus to what would have been the largest project in its history: Echelon, a $4.8 billion resort complex at the site of the Stardust. In preparation for the project, Boyd Gaming swapped the Barbary Coast to Harrah's Entertainment in exchange for 24 acres near the Stardust, giving the company an 87-acre parcel on the north end of the Strip. The famed Stardust was closed on November 1, 2006, and imploded the night of March 13, 2007.

Construction on Echelon Place began on June 19, 2007, with plans to open in 2010, but was suspended a little over one year later, on August 1, 2008. At the time, Boyd Gaming officials cited "the difficult environment in today's capital markets, as well as weak economic conditions," and estimated construction would resume in three to four quarters. As the global recession deepened, the suspension continued; in October 2009, the company said it would likely be three to five years before development resumed. However, in March 2013, Boyd sold the Echelon site for $350 million to the Genting Group, a Malaysia-based gaming company to develop the site as Resorts World Las Vegas.

In 2007, Boyd purchased Dania Jai Alai, a fronton in Dania Beach, Florida. The company hoped to expand the facility with a casino, but efforts to allow new casinos in the Miami area made little headway. Boyd agreed in 2011 to sell the property to Dania Entertainment for $80 million, but the deal was not completed. The two companies reached a new sale agreement in February 2013 for $65.5 million.

Boyd Gaming bought the IP Casino Resort & Spa in October 2011 for $278 million cash, plus a $10 million donation to the Engelstad Family Foundation.

In November 2012, Boyd acquired Peninsula Gaming, an Iowa-based company with five casinos in the Midwest and South, for $1.45 billion.

The company made two deals in 2016 to expand its footprint in the Vegas locals market, acquiring the Aliante Casino and Hotel for $380 million and the two properties of Cannery Casino Resorts for $230 million. Meanwhile, it sold its 50 percent stake in the Borgata to MGM for $900 million.

In July 2018, Boyd announced a partnership with MGM Resorts International "to significantly increase each company's market access and customer base throughout the United States." The partnership is focused on positioning both companies to succeed in the emerging online gambling and sports betting markets in the United States.

In late 2018, Boyd completed two deals to increase its regional holdings. It acquired Valley Forge Casino Resort in Pennsylvania for $281 million. It also purchased the operations of four casinos from Pinnacle Entertainment for $564 million: Ameristar Kansas City, Ameristar St. Charles, Belterra Casino, and Belterra Park. The company paid another $58 million for the real estate of Belterra Park. The sale was designed to ensure regulatory approval for Penn National Gaming's planned purchase of Pinnacle.

On July 13, 2020, Boyd Gaming announced it was laying off at least 25% of its workforce equating to thousands of job losses at its properties nationwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

In March 2022, Boyd Gaming entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Pala Interactive LLC and its subsidiaries for total cash consideration of $170 million. In November 2022, it was announced the deal had been completed. Pala Interactive LLC is an interactive online gaming company, majority owned by the Pala Band of Mission Indians.

Downtown Las Vegas casinos

 * California Hotel and Casino
 * Fremont Hotel and Casino
 * Main Street Station

Other Las Vegas area casinos

 * Aliante Casino and Hotel
 * Cannery Casino and Hotel
 * Eastside Cannery Casino and Hotel
 * Gold Coast
 * Jokers Wild Casino
 * Orleans Hotel and Casino and Orleans Arena
 * Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall, Las Vegas
 * Suncoast Hotel and Casino

Casinos in other states

 * Amelia Belle Casino — Amelia, Louisiana
 * Ameristar Casino Hotel Kansas City — Kansas City, Missouri
 * Ameristar Casino Resort Spa St. Charles — St. Charles, Missouri
 * Belterra Casino Resort & Spa — Florence, Indiana
 * Blue Chip Casino, Hotel and Spa — Michigan City, Indiana
 * Diamond Jo Casino — Dubuque, Iowa
 * Diamond Jo Casino — Northwood, Iowa
 * IP Casino Resort & Spa — Biloxi, Mississippi
 * Kansas Star Casino — Mulvane, Kansas
 * Par-A-Dice Hotel and Casino — East Peoria, Illinois
 * Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall — Shreveport, Louisiana
 * Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall — Tunica Resorts, Mississippi
 * Treasure Chest Casino — Kenner, Louisiana
 * Valley Forge Casino Resort — King of Prussia, Pennsylvania

Racinos

 * Belterra Park — Anderson Township, Hamilton County, Ohio
 * Delta Downs — Vinton, Louisiana
 * Evangeline Downs — Opelousas, Louisiana

Non-casino properties

 * Vacations-Hawaii — Honolulu, Hawaii with Charter Flights to Las Vegas, Nevada operated by Omni Air International

Former properties

 * Barbary Coast Hotel and Casino
 * Borgata — Atlantic City, New Jersey (50% ownership through Marina District Development)
 * Stardust Resort and Casino
 * Dania Jai-Alai — Dania Beach, Florida
 * Eldorado Casino (now The Pass Casino)
 * South Coast Hotel, Casino & Spa
 * Silver Star Hotel and Casino
 * Sam's Town Kansas City

title: Boyd Gaming


text:
Band Aid

Band Aid may refer to:

 * Band-Aid, a brand of adhesive bandage
 * Band Aid (band), a charity supergroup from 1984
 * Band Aid (Italian band), active in Italy in early 1980s
 * "Band Aid", a 2009 song on Pixie Lott's album Turn It Up
 * Band Aid (film), a 2017 American comedy drama

title: Band Aid


text:
Scale (social sciences)

In the social sciences, scaling is the process of measuring or ordering entities with respect to quantitative attributes or traits. For example, a scaling technique might involve estimating individuals' levels of extraversion, or the perceived quality of products. Certain methods of scaling permit estimation of magnitudes on a continuum, while other methods provide only for relative ordering of the entities.

The level of measurement is the type of data that is measured.

The word scale, including in academic literature, is sometimes used to refer to another composite measure, that of an index. Those concepts are however different.

Scale construction decisions

 * What level (level of measurement) of data is involved (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio)?
 * What will the results be used for?
 * What should be used - a scale, index, or typology?
 * What types of statistical analysis would be useful?
 * Choose to use a comparative scale or a noncomparative scale.
 * How many scale divisions or categories should be used (1 to 10; 1 to 7; −3 to +3)?
 * Should there be an odd or even number of divisions? (Odd gives neutral center value; even forces respondents to take a non-neutral position.)
 * What should the nature and descriptiveness of the scale labels be?
 * What should the physical form or layout of the scale be? (graphic, simple linear, vertical, horizontal)
 * Should a response be forced or be left optional?

Scale construction method
Scales constructed should be representative of the construct that it intends to measure. It is possible that something similar to the scale a person intends to create will already exist, so including those scale(s) and possible dependent variables in one's survey may increase validity of one's scale.

 * 1) Begin by generating at least ten items to represent each of the sub-scales. Administer the survey; the more representative and larger the sample, the more credibility one will have in the scales.
 * 2) Review the means and standard deviations for the items, dropping any items with skewed means or very low variance.
 * 3) Run an exploratory factor analysis with oblique rotation on items for the scales - it is important to differentiate them based on their loading on factors to create sub-scales that represents the construct. Request factors with eigenvalues (for calculating eigenvalue for each factor square the factor loading's and sum down the columns) greater than 1. It is easier to group the items by targeted scales. The more distinct the other items, the better the chances the items will load better in one's own scale.
 * 4) “Cleanly loaded items” are those items that load at least .40 on one factor and more than .10 greater on that factor than on any others. Identify those in the factor pattern.
 * 5) “Cross loaded items” are those that do not meet the above criterion. These are candidates to drop.
 * 6) Identify factors with only a few items that do not represent clear concepts, these are “uninterpretable scales.” Also identify any factors with only one item. These factors and their items are candidates to drop.
 * 7) Look at the candidates to drop and the factors to be dropped. Is there anything that needs to be retained because it is critical to one's construct. For example, if a conceptually important item only cross loads on a factor to be dropped, it is good to keep it for the next round.
 * 8) Drop the items, and run a confirmatory factor analysis asking the program to give only the number of factors after dropping the uninterpretable and single-item ones. Go through the process again starting at Step 3. Here various test reliability measures could also be taken.
 * 9) Keep running through the process until one get “clean factors” (until all factors have cleanly loaded items).
 * 10) Run the Alpha in the statistical program (asking for the Alpha's if each item is dropped). Any scales with insufficient Alphas should be dropped and the process repeated from Step 3. [Coefficient alpha=number of items2 x average correlation between different items/sum of all correlations in the correlation matrix (including the diagonal values)]
 * 11) Run correlational or regressional statistics to ensure the validity of the scale. For better practices, keep the final factors and all loadings of yours and similar scales selected in the Appendix of the created scale.

Multi-Item and Single-Item Scales
In most practical situations, multi-item scales are more effective in predicting outcomes compared to single items. The use of single-item measures in research is advised cautiously, their use should be limited to specific circumstances. Table: Criteria for Assessing the Potential Use of Single-Item Measures

Data types
The type of information collected can influence scale construction. Different types of information are measured in different ways.
 * 1) Some data are measured at the nominal level. That is, any numbers used are mere labels; they express no mathematical properties. Examples are SKU inventory codes and UPC bar codes.
 * 2) Some data are measured at the ordinal level. Numbers indicate the relative position of items, but not the magnitude of difference. An example is a preference ranking.
 * 3) Some data are measured at the interval level. Numbers indicate the magnitude of difference between items, but there is no absolute zero point. Examples are attitude scales and opinion scales.
 * 4) Some data are measured at the ratio level. Numbers indicate magnitude of difference and there is a fixed zero point. Ratios can be calculated. Examples include: age, income, price, costs, sales revenue, sales volume, and market share.

Composite measures
Composite measures of variables are created by combining two or more separate empirical indicators into a single measure. Composite measures measure complex concepts more adequately than single indicators, extend the range of scores available and are more efficient at handling multiple items.

In addition to scales, there are two other types of composite measures. Indexes are similar to scales except multiple indicators of a variable are combined into a single measure. The index of consumer confidence, for example, is a combination of several measures of consumer attitudes. A typology is similar to an index except the variable is measured at the nominal level.

Indexes are constructed by accumulating scores assigned to individual attributes, while scales are constructed through the assignment of scores to patterns of attributes.

While indexes and scales provide measures of a single dimension, typologies are often employed to examine the intersection of two or more dimensions. Typologies are very useful analytical tools and can be easily used as independent variables, although since they are not unidimensional it is difficult to use them as a dependent variable.

Comparative and non comparative scaling
With comparative scaling, the items are directly compared with each other (example: Does one prefer Pepsi or Coke?). In noncomparative scaling each item is scaled independently of the others. (Example: How does one feel about Coke?)

Comparative scaling techniques

 * Pairwise comparison scale – a respondent is presented with two items at a time and asked to select one (example : does one prefer Pepsi or Coke?). This is an ordinal level technique when a measurement model is not applied. Krus and Kennedy (1977) elaborated the paired comparison scaling within their domain-referenced model. The Bradley–Terry–Luce (BTL) model (Bradley and Terry, 1952; Luce, 1959) can be applied in order to derive measurements provided the data derived from paired comparisons possess an appropriate structure. Thurstone's Law of comparative judgment can also be applied in such contexts.
 * Rasch model scaling – respondents interact with items and comparisons are inferred between items from the responses to obtain scale values. Respondents are subsequently also scaled based on their responses to items given the item scale values. The Rasch model has a close relation to the BTL model.
 * Rank-ordering – a respondent is presented with several items simultaneously and asked to rank them (example : Rate the following advertisements from 1 to 10.). This is an ordinal level technique.
 * Bogardus social distance scale – measures the degree to which a person is willing to associate with a class or type of people. It asks how willing the respondent is to make various associations. The results are reduced to a single score on a scale. There are also non-comparative versions of this scale.
 * Q-Sort – Up to 140 items are sorted into groups based on rank-order procedure.
 * Guttman scale – This is a procedure to determine whether a set of items can be rank-ordered on a unidimensional scale. It utilizes the intensity structure among several indicators of a given variable. Statements are listed in order of importance. The rating is scaled by summing all responses until the first negative response in the list. The Guttman scale is related to Rasch measurement; specifically, Rasch models bring the Guttman approach within a probabilistic framework.
 * Constant sum scale – a respondent is given a constant sum of money, script, credits, or points and asked to allocate these to various items (example : If one had 100 Yen to spend on food products, how much would one spend on product A, on product B, on product C, etc.). This is an ordinal level technique.
 * Magnitude estimation scale – In a psychophysics procedure invented by S. S. Stevens people simply assign numbers to the dimension of judgment. The geometric mean of those numbers usually produces a power law with a characteristic exponent.  In cross-modality matching instead of assigning numbers, people manipulate another dimension, such as loudness or brightness to match the items.  Typically the exponent of the psychometric function can be predicted from the magnitude estimation exponents of each dimension.

Non-comparative scaling techniques

 * Visual analogue scale (also called the Continuous rating scale and the graphic rating scale) – respondents rate items by placing a mark on a line. The line is usually labeled at each end. There are sometimes a series of numbers, called scale points, (say, from zero to 100) under the line. Scoring and codification is difficult for paper-and-pencil scales, but not for computerized and Internet-based visual analogue scales.
 * Likert scale – Respondents are asked to indicate the amount of agreement or disagreement (from strongly agree to strongly disagree) on a five- to nine-point response scale (not to be confused with a Likert scale). The same format is used for multiple questions. It is the combination of these questions that forms the Likert scale. This categorical scaling procedure can easily be extended to a magnitude estimation procedure that uses the full scale of numbers rather than verbal categories.
 * Phrase completion scales – Respondents are asked to complete a phrase on an 11-point response scale in which 0 represents the absence of the theoretical construct and 10 represents the theorized maximum amount of the construct being measured. The same basic format is used for multiple questions.
 * Semantic differential scale – Respondents are asked to rate on a 7-point scale an item on various attributes. Each attribute requires a scale with bipolar terminal labels.
 * Stapel scale – This is a unipolar ten-point rating scale. It ranges from +5 to −5 and has no neutral zero point.
 * Thurstone scale – This is a scaling technique that incorporates the intensity structure among indicators.
 * Mathematically derived scale – Researchers infer respondents’ evaluations mathematically. Two examples are multi dimensional scaling and conjoint analysis.

Scale evaluation
Scales should be tested for reliability, generalizability, and validity. Generalizability is the ability to make inferences from a sample to the population, given the scale one have selected. Reliability is the extent to which a scale will produce consistent results. Test-retest reliability checks how similar the results are if the research is repeated under similar circumstances. Alternative forms reliability checks how similar the results are if the research is repeated using different forms of the scale. Internal consistency reliability checks how well the individual measures included in the scale are converted into a composite measure.

Scales and indexes have to be validated. Internal validation checks the relation between the individual measures included in the scale, and the composite scale itself. External validation checks the relation between the composite scale and other indicators of the variable, indicators not included in the scale. Content validation (also called face validity) checks how well the scale measures what is supposed to measured. Criterion validation checks how meaningful the scale criteria are relative to other possible criteria. Construct validation checks what underlying construct is being measured. There are three variants of construct validity. They are convergent validity, discriminant validity, and nomological validity (Campbell and Fiske, 1959; Krus and Ney, 1978). The coefficient of reproducibility indicates how well the data from the individual measures included in the scale can be reconstructed from the composite scale.

title: Scale (social sciences)


text:
Lou Stillman

Louis Ingber (1887–1969), better known as Lou Stillman, was a legendary boxing trainer who had a gym in New York City, but whose fame transcended beyond New York and into boxing circles virtually everywhere else. He was also a private detective prior to working as a boxing trainer.

In 1919, Ingber was invited by millionaires Alpheus Geer and Hiram Mallison to manage Stillman's Gym. When Ingber came along, the gym was actually named the Marshall Stillman Athletic Club. In the late 1920s, the gym changed its name. Patrons used to think Ingber's last name was Stillman; because of this, they greeted him as Mr. Stillman. Stillman, described as moody and acid-tonged, among other things, by boxing historians and writers, disliked having to correct everyone who called him Mr. Stillman, so eventually he changed his name legally from Louis Ingber to Lou Stillman.

Stillman was famous for keeping his gym as unsanitary as possible: He allowed the public to smoke in a closed-windows atmosphere, and he let the gym floors to go uncleaned, sometimes for years. He said: "The golden age of prizefighting was the age of bad food, bad air, bad sanitation, and no sunlight. I keep the place like this for the fighters' own good. If I clean it up they'll catch a cold from the cleanliness".

Stillman carried a gun around his waist when he was at the gym. He had two guards watching the doors, to make sure everyone paid the 25 cents price to get in and watch the boxers practice. He had a sign that read: "Anyone caught stealing will be barred for life". When French dancer Jeanne Lamar showed up at Stillman's to train in 1922, Stillman told her that there were "no facilities for girls" in his gym, but she stood around and used the gym to get in shape anyway.

Many famous people trained there, mainly boxers: Jack Dempsey, Georges Carpentier, Primo Carnera, Fred Apostoli, Joe Louis and Rocky Marciano were some of the famous world champions who trained at Stillman's Gym. One who refused to train there was Gene Tunney, because he complained about the place's sanitation, saying that he would never train there unless the windows were opened. Typical of him, Stillman refused to open the windows.

Stillman retired in 1959 after selling the building, and he joined his daughter in California. He liked painting, and became proficient painting in oils as he spent the last few years of his life at a nursing home in Santa Barbara. He died on August 19, 1969.

In popular culture
Stillman's Gym was featured in several motion pictures, including the Rocky Graziano biographical film Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956) and It's Always Fair Weather (1955), which has a musical number set in the gym, "Baby You Knock Me Out," featuring Cyd Charisse.

title: Lou Stillman


text:
User talk:GreenMan

Greetings! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you have questions or doubts of any sort, do not hesitate to post them on the Village Pump, somebody will respond ASAP. Other helpful pages include: Have fun! --Jiang 08:15 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * Welcome, newcomers
 * How does one edit a page
 * Manual of style
 * Naming conventions

title: User talk:GreenMan


text:
Saya

Saya may refer to:

People

 * Gaetano Saya (born 1956), Italian politician
 * John Nada Saya (born 1978), Tanzanian long-distance runner
 * Saya Aye (1872–1930), major painter from Mandalay
 * Saya Hayashi (born 1999), Japanese actress known professionally as Rikka Ihara
 * Saya Ito (born 1999), Japanese kickboxer
 * Saya Mochizuki (born 1976), former Japanese idol and model
 * Saya Myit (1888–1966), major painter of Buddhist works for religious sites in Lower Burma
 * Saya San (1876–1931), monk, a physician and the leader of the “Saya San Rebellion” of 1930–1932 in Burma
 * Saya Saung (1898–1952), early Burmese watercolorist famous in Burma for his landscape works
 * Saya Sayantsetseg, Mongolian concert pianist and professor of music
 * Saya Takagi (born 1963), Japanese actress turned activist
 * Saya Tin (1892–1950), Burmese composer
 * Saya Woolfalk (born 1979), American artist known for her multimedia exploration of hybridity, science, race, and sex
 * Saya Yūki, Japanese actress

Places

 * Saya, Aichi, a former town in Aichi, Japan
 * Saya de Malha Bank
 * Saya (river), a river in Perm Krai, Russia
 * Saya Station, a train station on the Meitetsu Bisai Line located in Aisai, Aichi Prefecture, Japan

Fictional characters

 * Saya, the heroine of the visual novel Saya no Uta
 * Saya, a video game character in Samurai Shodown
 * Saya, the antagonist of the crossover video game Namco × Capcom
 * Saya, a character in the anime film Inuyasha the Movie: Swords of an Honorable Ruler
 * Saya, a character in novels Summer Love and Saaya by Subin Bhattarai
 * Saya Minatsuki, one of the main characters of the manga Black Cat
 * Saya Shindo, a character in the manga and anime series Tokko
 * Saya, a character in the manga and anime series Peacemaker Kurogane
 * Saya Tokido, a character in a visual novel and corresponding original video animation Little Busters! Ecstasy (EX)
 * Saya, a character in the anime film Blood: The Last Vampire
 * Saya Otonashi, a character in the anime television series Blood+
 * Saya Kisaragi, the main character of the anime television series Blood-C
 * Saya Endo, a character in the anime Dagashi Kashi
 * Saya (サヤ), a character in the tokusatsu Seijuu Sentai Gingaman
 * Saya Yamabuki, drummer of the band Poppin'Party from the BanG Dream! franchise
 * Saya, a character in the South Korean television series Arthdal Chronicles (2019)
 * Saya, a character from the anime Wandering Witch: The Journey of Elaina

Other uses

 * Saaya (novel), 2014 Nepali novel by Subin Bhattarai, sequel to Summer Love
 * Saya (scabbard) (鞘), the Japanese term for a scabbard
 * Saya (folklore), a summer feast and festival Turkic and Altai folklore
 * Saya (poem), the type of poem or song that a Takam-Chi chants while playing a Takam
 * Saya (artform), a particular type of music of Bolivia
 * Saya, Nepal
 * Saya language, a Chadic dialect cluster of Nigeria
 * Sino-American Youth Ambassadors, a program run by Ameson Education and Cultural Exchange Foundation
 * Saya, a traditional long skirt worn in the Philippines as part of the baro't saya

title: Saya


text:
Rahab (term)

Rahab (רַהַב, Modern: Rahav, Tiberian: Rahaḇ, "blusterer") is used in the Hebrew Bible to indicate pride or arrogance, a mystical sea monster, as an emblematic or poetic name for Egypt, and for the sea.

Rahab (Hebrew: רָחָב, Rachav, "spacious place") is also one of the Hebrew words for the Abyss.

As primeval sea-monster
Rahab appears in Psalm 89:10, Isaiah 51:9–10, and Job 26:12. Rahab, in these passages, takes the meaning of primeval, chaotic, multi-headed sea-dragon or Leviathan.

"Thou didst crush Rahab, as one that is slain; Thou didst scatter Thine enemies with the arm of Thy strength."

"Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the LORD; awake, as in the days of old, the generations of ancient times. Art thou not it that hewed Rahab in pieces, that pierced the dragon?"

"He stirreth up the sea with His power, and by His understanding He smiteth through Rahab."

The Babylonians told of a sky-god, Marduk, and a sea-goddess, Tiamat, battling for supreme power over the other gods, in the Enūma Eliš. It has been speculated these two characters in the Babylonian myth are parallel to the creation stories found in the biblical passages containing the name Rahab.

As insolence or pride
In Isaiah 30:7, rahaḇ becomes a proverbial expression that gives an allusion to the Hebrew etymology insolence.

"For Egypt helpeth in vain, and to no purpose; therefore have I called her arrogancy that sitteth still."

In the Book of Job, rahaḇ occurs in the Hebrew text and is translated in the King James Version as "proud". "If God will not withdraw his anger, the proud helpers do stoop under him."

Egypt
Rahab is a poetical name for Egypt. It might have Egyptian origins that were accommodated to the Hebrew language. However, there is nothing revealing in the Coptic language.

"I will make mention of Rahab and Babylon as among them that know Me; behold Philistia, and Tyre, with Ethiopia; this one was born there."

Jewish folklore
In medieval Jewish folklore, Rahab is a mythical sea monster, a dragon of the waters, the "demonic angel of the sea". Rahab represents the primordial abyss, the water-dragon of darkness and chaos, comparable to Leviathan and Tiamat. Rahab later became a particular demon, inhabitant of the sea, especially associated with the Red Sea.

Modern culture
Rahab is the official Hebrew name for the planet Neptune in a vote organised by the Academy of the Hebrew Language in 2009.

Several Israel Navy submarines also bear the name, including the fifth Dolphin class submarine, which officially entered service in January, 2016: The INS Rahav.

In the video game Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver, the boss character Rahab is a vampire who has evolved into a marine fish-like creature, possibly a reference to the mythic sea monster.

title: Rahab (term)