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Big Flats, New York

Big Flats is a town in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 7,822 at the 2020 census. The town is on the western border of the county, west of Elmira. It is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town contains a hamlet also named Big Flats.

History
The town of Big Flats, which had formerly been called "Great Plains", was organized in 1822 from the town of Elmira.

The Warren E. Eaton Motorless Flight Facility was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Big Flats has a total area of 116.7 sqkm, of which 115.2 sqkm is land and 1.5 sqkm, or 1.29%, is water.

The Chemung River, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, flows through the southern portion of the town. Sing Sing Creek flows through the center of the town and is a tributary of the Chemung. The geography consists of a broad expanse of relatively flat land, the axis of which lies generally northeast to southwest. It is a river valley. The land has historically been very good for agriculture, including tobacco. Diligent searching will result in the finding of fossil seashells indicating the land was an ancient sea bottom. Other evidence is found in the rock of the region, which is mostly shale. The western town line is the border of Steuben County.

The Southern Tier Expressway (Interstate 86/New York State Route 17) passes through Big Flats, with access from exits 49, 50, and 51.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,224 people, 2,725 households, and 2,144 families residing in the town. The population density was 162.4 PD/sqmi. There were 2,836 housing units at an average density of 63.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.35% White, 1.18% Black or African American, 0.01% Native American, 1.52% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.15% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.66% of the population.

There were 2,725 households, out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.5% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.3% were non-families. 17.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 29.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $53,435, and the median income for a family was $59,500. Males had a median income of $42,317 versus $28,327 for females. The per capita income for the town was $23,391. About 1.3% of families and 2.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.1% of those under age 18 and 1.7% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Big Flats

 * Arnot Mall, shopping mall in the eastern part of the town, just west of Horseheads
 * Big Flats – The hamlet of Big Flats, located at the junction of the Southern Tier Expressway (I-86 and NY-17) and NY-352. "Big Flats" is also a census-designated place that covers the hamlets of Big Flats and Fisherville as well as the area in between.
 * Elmira-Corning Regional Airport – An airport with scheduled air service; northwest of Elmira.
 * Fisherville – A hamlet south of the airport and east of Big Flats village on Chemung County Route 64.
 * Golden Glow Heights – A hamlet located by the southern town line on the south bank of the Chemung River.
 * Harris Hill – A prominent hill south of the airport.
 * Harris Hill Gliderport – A small airport on Harris Hill used for glider operations.
 * Harris Hill Manor – A hamlet on the north bank of the Chemung River on NY-352.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Big Flats has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

title: Big Flats, New York


text:
Elmira (town), New York

Elmira is a town in Chemung County, New York, United States. It surrounds the city of Elmira on three sides. The town's population was 6,872 at the 2020 census. The town is in the south-central part of the county, in the Southern Tier of New York. It is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The Sullivan Expedition of 1779 passed through the area and fought the British at the Battle of Newtown in the southern part of the current town.

The town of Elmira was formed from the town of Chemung in 1792 as the town of Newtown. In 1808, the town changed its name to Elmira.

In 1798, the town of Catharine was formed from Elmira. (It is now in Schuyler County.) Other towns formed from the town of Elmira are Big Flats (1822), Southport (1822), and Catlin (1823).

The main settlement of Elmira set itself off from the town in 1828, becoming the Village of Elmira. The village, absorbing more of the town over the years, became the City of Elmira in 1864.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 58.4 sqkm, of which 57.5 sqkm is land and 0.9 sqkm, or 1.46%, is water. The Chemung River, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, forms part of the southern town line, and Newtown Creek partly divides the town from the city of Elmira.

The Southern Tier Expressway (Interstate 86 and NY Route 17) passes through the town in a northwest-southeast direction. New York State Route 352 passes through the south part of the town and into the city of Elmira.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,199 people, 3,019 households, and 2,049 families residing in the town. The population density was 323.0 PD/sqmi. There were 3,183 housing units at an average density of 142.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.31% White, 1.49% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 1.22% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.43% of the population.

There were 3,019 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 19.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $46,641, and the median income for a family was $56,772. Males had a median income of $37,676 versus $29,473 for females. The per capita income for the town was $26,335. About 3.1% of families and 5.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.1% of those under age 18 and 0.7% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Elmira

 * East Elmira – A hamlet in the southeastern corner of the town at the junction of County Roads 1 and 2.
 * Elmira – The city of Elmira, occupying the former western part of the town.
 * Elmira Heights – The southern part of the village of Elmira Heights.
 * Newtown Battlefield State Park – An historical park in the southeastern part of the town.
 * West Elmira – A hamlet southwest of the city of Elmira on NY-352, next to the Chemung River.

Notable people
Elmira is the birthplace of film director Hal Roach (1892-1992) and famous YouTube celebrity Ringo Beastly.

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title: Elmira (town), New York


text:
Elmira, New York

Elmira is a city in and the county seat of Chemung County, New York, United States. It is the principal city of the Elmira, New York, metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses Chemung County. The population was 26,523 at the 2020 census, down from 29,200 at the 2010 census, a decline of more than 7 percent.

The City of Elmira is in the south-central part of the county, surrounded on three sides by the Town of Elmira. It is in the Southern Tier of New York, a short distance north of the Pennsylvania state line.

The city was the site of the Elmira Prison, a prisoner-of-war camp that held over 12,000 captured Confederate soldiers during the American Civil War. Elmira College is located within the city.

Early history
The region of Elmira was inhabited by the Cayuga nation (also known as the Kanawaholla) of the Haudenosaunee prior to European colonization. Cayuga residing in the region maintained relations with European settlers, primarily related to the fur trade, but were otherwise relatively isolated from encroaching colonial settlements.

During the American Revolutionary War, the Sullivan Expedition of 1779 was mounted by the Continental Army against the four Haudenosaunee nations which had allied with the British. The expeditionary force fought a combined British-Haudenosaunee force at the Battle of Newtown, south of the current city, in which the Continental Army was victorious. After the conclusion of the war, the Haudenosaunee and the United States signed a treaty at Elmira in 1791 to settle territorial disputes in the region. Most of the Cayuga emigrated under pressure from encroaching American settlements with the other nations of the Haudenosaunee to Canada, where they resettled on land provided by the British Crown.

The first European-American settler in Elmira was Abraham Miller, who served as a captain in the Continental Army. Miller constructed a cabin after resigning just before the end of the Revolutionary War. Miller's Pond and Miller Street are named after him and are near the location of his house.

Elmira's formation
The New York legislature established the Township of Chemung, now Chemung County, in 1788. The settlement of Newtown was soon established at the intersection of Newtown Creek and the Chemung River. In 1792, the settlement at Newtown joined with the Wisnerburg and DeWittsburg settlements to form the village of Newtown. In 1808, the village officially changed its name to the Town of Elmira, at a town meeting held at Teal's Tavern. It is said the town was named after tavern owner Nathan Teal's young daughter, but that story has never been confirmed. According to Amos Bugbee Carpenter's "Carpenter Memorial" family history book printed in 1898, Elmira is named after Major General Matthew Carpenter's daughter. This naming occurred, according to this book, in 1821 at the constitutional convention to which Matthew was a delegate. In any case, the City of Elmira, nicknamed "The Queen City," was incorporated in 1864 from part of the town of Elmira and the village of Elmira. The remaining part of the town of Elmira exists still, surrounding the city on the west, north and east. The city and town share an intricately entwined history.

It appears that Amos Carpenter in his 1898 book was referencing an 1879 book.

"White Man's Legend.

In the early days, when new settlements had to be named, the white man, in imitation of his aboriginal forerunner, gave a name to his settlement that was associated either with tradition, or, as in this case, with his ideal of loveliness. According to Hon. Hiram Gray, Matthew Carpenter, then a member or the legislature and a man of influence, having seen this beautiful valley, resolved that Newtown should be the principal city, and that it should bear the name of a lady friend for whom he entertained a high opinion, and accordingly, in 18[0]8, the name was changed to Elmira."

Elmira served as a transportation hub for New York's Southern Tier in the 1800s, connecting commercial centers in Rochester and Buffalo with Albany and New York City, via the canal system and railroads. The city was the southern terminus of the Chemung Canal completed in 1833; later, the Junction Canal was constructed to connect Elmira with Corning, facilitating transport of coal from the Pennsylvania mines via the Northern branch of the Susquehanna Canal system. In 1849, the New York and Erie Railroad was built through Elmira, giving the area a New York City to Buffalo route. In 1850, the Elmira and Jefferson Railroad gave the area a route north and, in 1854, the Elmira and Williamsport Railroad a route south. These railroads and their connections made the city a prime location for an Army training and muster point early in the Civil War.

In 1872 construction began on the Utica, Ithaca and Elmira Railroad, eventually creating a route to Cortland and Syracuse via Horseheads, Breesport and Van Etten. The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, completed in 1884, competed with the Erie's New York City to Buffalo line.

Prisoner-of-war camp
A great deal of the 30 acre Union installation, known as Camp Rathbun, fell into disuse as the Civil War progressed, and the camp's "Barracks #3" were converted into a Civil War prisoner of war camp in the summer of 1864. The camp, in use from June 6, 1864, until autumn 1865, was dubbed "Hellmira" by its inmates. Towner's history of 1892 and maps from the period indicate the camp occupied a somewhat irregular parallelogram, running about 1000 ft west and approximately the same distance south of a location several hundred feet west of Hoffman Street (Foster Avenue) and Winsor Avenue, bordered on the south by Foster's Pond, on the north bank of the Chemung River.

In the months the site was used as a camp, 12,123 Confederate soldiers were incarcerated; of these, 2,963 died during their stay from a combination of malnutrition, prolonged exposure to brutal winter weather and disease directly attributable to the dismal sanitary conditions on Foster's Pond and lack of medical care. The camp's dead were prepared for burial and laid to rest by the sexton at Woodlawn National Cemetery, ex-slave John W. Jones. At the end of the war, each prisoner was given a loyalty oath and given a train ticket back home; the last prisoner left the camp on September 27, 1865. The camp was closed, demolished and converted to farmland. Woodlawn Cemetery, about 2 mi north of the original prison camp site (bounded by West Hill, Bancroft, Davis and Mary Streets), was designated a "National Cemetery" in 1877. The prison camp site is today a residential area.

Reformatory and correctional facility
The state legislature authorized the building of a state prison for first offenders in 1866. It opened in 1876 as the Elmira Reformatory, under the direction of Zebulon Brockway, serving offenders aged sixteen to thirty. It was the first institution of its kind, and a model for others to follow. In 1970 the complex was renamed the Elmira Correctional and Reception Center.

Elmira economy
In 1950, the Elmira's population peaked at about 50,000, which represented 57 percent of Chemung County's total population at the time. Today, the city has approximately 25,000 residents, which represents 34 percent of Chemung County's population. This population decline is due to the national decline in railroads and manufacturing as well as a population shift to the outer suburbs around Elmira. The Elmira Metro area has nearly 100,000 people.

The population decline began during the recession of the early 1970s during which several large employers (Ann Page, American Bridge, General Electric, American LaFrance, Westinghouse and Remington Rand) either closed their factories or moved to other states. The decline was exacerbated by the flood of 1972, during which many of the downtown businesses and single-family homes were destroyed or replaced by subsequent Urban Renewal projects in the Chemung River flood plain.

Current manufacturing employers
Anchor Glass Container Corporation, headquartered in Tampa, Florida, is in the old Thatcher Glass facility in Elmira Heights. Anchor Glass produces a diverse line of flint, amber, green and other colored glass containers of various types and designs for the beer, food, beverage and liquor markets in North America. Anchor Glass is now wholly owned by the Ardagh Group S.A.

CAF-USA Inc has its main U.S. plant in Elmira Heights on the site of the former American Bridge Company. CAF USA is a subsidiary company of Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles, a Spanish manufacturer of passenger rail products (including trains, high-speed trains, locomotives, light rail vehicles and other rail equipment). CAF-USA Inc trains are typically designed for North America's market, based on Spanish design and technologies.

Elmira Heat Treating, established in 1962 in Elmira, offers a wide variety of heat treatment technologies to both domestic and international customers such as Hilliard Corp., Ford Motors, General Signal and others.

Hardinge, Inc. (formerly Hardinge Brothers), established in 1890 and now headquartered in Elmira, manufactures precise turning machines for the domestic and international market. Starting in 1995, Hardinge began expanding their product line and over the years has acquired L. Kellenberger & Co. AG, Hauser-Tripet-Tschudin AG, Jones & Shipman, and Usach Technologies, Inc. In 2004 they also acquired Bridgeport, world-famous for its milling machines and machining centers.

Hilliard Corporation, established in 1905, has two locations in Elmira and serves the international market in filters, brakes, clutches and starters for a variety of industrial and commercial uses as well as consumer equipment from Polaris and MTD.

Kennedy Valve, located in Elmira since 1905, is one of the world's largest manufacturers of products for waterworks distribution, potable and wastewater treatment, and fire protection system projects. They are most famous for their fire hydrants which can be found around the world. Kennedy Valve was acquired by McWane in 1988.

Trayer Products, established in 1929, manufactures parts mostly for the heavy truck industry; primarily truck chassis parts such as king pins and shackles.

Hurricane Agnes and the 1972 flood
During the summer of 1972, Hurricane Agnes struck the eastern seaboard of the United States, causing significant damage stretching from Florida into New England. Elmira was particularly hit hard by the flood, with over an estimated $291 million in damage. Over 15,000 people had to flee the city, and approximately 5,000 homes were damaged or destroyed. Coordinated efforts between local churches and regional businesses helped with the cleanup. Operating in secrecy, Rochester, NY-based Eastman Kodak sent crews as part of Operation Rebuild. Their efforts rebuilt 78 homes and assisted in the repairs of countless others.

Elmira city leaders approached the New York State Urban Development Corporation (UDC) to lead the redevelopment of the city post-flood. With a select group of businessmen and city officials attempting to minimize public input, the UDC implemented the "New Elmira Plan". This entailed the removal of buildings along the river to create Riverside Park, and razing other buildings in the business district for two parking garages. Altogether, forty percent of Elmira's commercial space was eliminated as part of the plan. Local citizens lamented the loss of character and vibrancy of downtown Elmira.

"Storm of the Century" – 1993 snow blizzard
In March 1993, the city of Elmira was hit hard by a snow blizzard, nicknamed "Storm of the Century", that added 17 inches of snow to Elmira in a single day.

2012 tornado
On July 26, 2012, an EF1 tornado touched down near Cottage Drive off of Route 352 and traveled through Golden Glow and the rest of the city. Moderate damage was seen after the storm passed and hundreds of trees and power lines were blown down. No one was injured. The tornado was 0.5 mi wide and took the city by surprise as this area has not been prone to tornadic activity.

Geography and climate
Elmira is at 42.08972°N, -76.80944°W (42.089874, −76.809559).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 19.6 km2, of which 19.0 km2 is land and 0.7 km2  (3.56%) is water.

The Chemung River flows eastward through the city. Elmira is built almost entirely in the flood plain of the Chemung River and has suffered many floods, the worst from Hurricane Agnes in 1972. Newtown Creek, flowing from the north, joins the Chemung River at the city's southeast corner.

Interstate 86/New York State Route 17, The Southern Tier Expressway, connects with the city at Exit 56. New York State Route 14 passes through Elmira between Watkins Glen and Pennsylvania. New York State Route 13 begins near Lake Ontario and travels through Cortland and Ithaca before ending in Elmira. New York State Route 352 begins in Elmira at Exit 56 of the Southern Tier Expressway and continues West into Corning.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 30,940 people, 11,475 households, and 6,701 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,229.5 PD/sqmi. There were 12,895 housing units at an average density of 1,762.7 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 82.03% White, 13.05% Black or African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.37% from other races, and 2.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.14% of the population.

There were 11,475 households, out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.3% were married couples living together, 18.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.6% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 13.0% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,292, and the median income for a family was $33,592. Males had a median income of $31,775 versus $22,350 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,495. About 17.9% of families and 23.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.6% of those under age 18 and 12.1% of those age 65 or over.

The Elmira, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area (or Elmira MSA) is frequently used for statistical information such as labor rates and includes all of Chemung County with a population in 2000 of 90,070.

The Elmira MSA was ranked as the 59th safest place to live out of 344 Metro Areas in 2005 by Morgan Quitno Press.

The three largest ethnic groups in Elmira are Irish, German and Italian.

City government
The city government is a Council-Manager form of government in which the City Manager is the primary administrator of the city. There is one mayor elected at large and six council members elected from each of six council districts. The term of office of the mayor and council members was two years, until a 2003 referendum extended the terms to four years (four-year terms began after the 2007 election). The mayor and council members are all part-time employees. The City Manager, City Clerk, City Chamberlain, City Assessor, and Corporation Counsel are all appointed by the City Council. All remaining department heads serve at the request of the City Manager.

The city has 125 mi of road, 210 mi of water lines, and 175 mi of sewer lines. There are four ZIP codes in the City of Elmira: 14901 (northside), 14902 (downtown), 14904 (southside), and 14905 (West Elmira).

Facts about city government

 * The city police department employs approximately 81 full-time officers. The chief is Kristen Thorne since 2023.
 * The city fire department employs approximately 60 full-time firefighters and officers.
 * The city animal shelter has a goal to become by 2007 a no-kill animal shelter based on a model by Tompkins County Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
 * The city received $1.4 million in Community Development Block Grant funds and $368,000 in HOME funds in FY2006-2007 from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. These funds are used for programs and projects for low-moderate income families and neighborhood blocks.
 * The City of Elmira has more than 20 parks including Eldridge Park with a walking trail, restored carousel, skateboard park, and fishing lake and Wisner Park with memorials to veterans from World War I, World War II, the Vietnam War and the Fallen Officers Memorial.
 * The City Manager of the City of Elmira is P. Michael Collins.
 * Naming rights to the Millers Pond Park were obtained by J. Howard "Buzz" Miller, an early-20th century benevolent industrialist, when his horse "Mumbo Jumbo" won a 1912 race at the Tioga Downs horse track.

Newspapers

 * Star-Gazette, daily morning newspaper owned by Gannett Co. Inc. It was Gannett's first newspaper.
 * Chemung Valley Reporter, weekly newspaper based in nearby Horseheads.

Radio

 * WCIH
 * WNKI
 * WCBF
 * WELM
 * WLVY
 * WPIE (studio in Elmira, tower in Trumansburg)
 * WOKN
 * WKPQ / WHHO (studio in Hornell)
 * WLEA / WCKR (studio in Hornell)
 * WCID
 * WENI-FM
 * WPGO

Television

 * WETM 18 (NBC)
 * WETM-DT2 18.2 (ANT)
 * WSKA 30 (PBS, simulcast of WSKG-TV) (licensed to Corning, with which Elmira shares TV market)
 * WENY-TV 36 (ABC on DT1/CBS on DT2/CW on DT3 through The CW Plus) (studio in Horseheads, licensed to Elmira)
 * WJKP-LD 39 (MyNetworkTV) (studio and license in Corning, with which Elmira shares TV market)
 * WYDC 48 (FOX) (studio and license in Corning, with which Elmira shares TV market)

Public transportation
The Chemung County Transit System operates regularly scheduled fixed route service within the City of Elmira and Village of Horseheads. Another route links Elmira with Corning Community College, also linking passengers with the Steuben County Transit System (SCT) and Corning Erwin Area Transit System (CEATS).

Elmira is served by several intercity bus operators. New York Trailways serves Elmira on one of its routes between Binghamton and Rochester. Short Line serves Elmira on its route between Binghamton and Olean. OurBus provides service to Elmira on a route between New York City and Niagara Falls. Fullington Trailways discontinued service between Elmira and Williamsport, Pennsylvania in April 2022.

Air transportation
The Elmira Corning Regional Airport (IATA code ELM, ICAO code KELM) is a medium-size regional airport, and the only area airport that offers scheduled airline service. Located 7 mi northwest of downtown, the airport has non-stop flights to Detroit in addition to seasonal flights to Atlanta served by Delta Air Lines, and two routes to Florida served by Allegiant Air with the airline serving seasonal flights to Punta Gorda and Myrtle Beach.

Culture
The City Slogan is "Honoring the Past, Building the Future". It is featured on an Entrance sign erected in 2003 into the city from Exit 56 of the Southern Tier Expressway along with honored Elmirans including (L to R) Brian Williams, Hal Roach, Ernie Davis, Mark Twain, Eileen Collins, John Jones, and Tommy Hilfiger. The slogan was designated by Mayor Stephen Hughes following the conclusion of a slogan contest in which Marlin Stewart, Alan and Barbara Hutchinson, and James Lloyd were recognized for their contributions to the winning slogan. In 2021, the sign was defaced as Brian Williams was replaced with Judge Jeanine Pirro.

On at least two hilltops near the city (mostly on Harris Hill to the northwest) pioneer pilots established the sport of gliding in America. Harris Hill is the site of the National Soaring Museum and was also used for glider trainings during World War 2. These sites are now recognized as National Landmarks of Soaring.

The SS Elmira Victory, a World War 2 era Victory Ship, was named after the city.

 * Dunn Field is a baseball stadium along the southern banks of the Chemung River. The Elmira Pioneers play at Dunn Field. Famous players and managers who have played or managed at Dunn Field include Babe Ruth, Earl Weaver, Don Zimmer, Wade Boggs, and Curt Schilling.
 * Elmira College is in the city.
 * The Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine has a branch of its medical school where Arnot Park was formerly located.
 * The Clemens Center is a concert and theater center named after Samuel Clemens, (Mark Twain).Lake and casino, Eldridge Park, by Purviance, W. T. (William T.).jpg
 * The Arnot Art Museum is in the downtown Civic-Historic District.
 * Eldridge Park features a restored 1890s Looff Carousel
 * Woodlawn Cemetery and Woodlawn National Cemetery are both in the City of Elmira in the Northwest sector. Mark Twain and his family are buried in Woodlawn Cemetery.
 * First Arena (originally known as the Coach USA Center), which opened in 2000, is currently home to the Elmira River Sharks of the Federal Prospects Hockey League. It was previously home to the Elmira Jackals of the UHL and ECHL from 2000 to 2017, as well as two other teams in the FPHL: the Elmira Enforcers, from 2018 to 2021; and the Elmira Mammoth, from 2022 to 2023.

Historic places
The following are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

 * The John Brand Jr. House
 * John Brand Sr. House
 * Buildings at 104–116 West Water St.
 * Chemung Canal Bank Building
 * Chemung County Courthouse Complex
 * Clinton–Columbia Historic District
 * Elmira Civic Historic District
 * Elmira Coca-Cola Bottling Company Works
 * Elmira College Old Campus
 * Emmanuel Episcopal Church
 * Erste Deutsche Evangelische Kirche
 * Alexander Eustace House
 * Fire Station No. 4
 * William S. Gerity House
 * F. M. Howell and Company
 * John W. Jones House
 * Maple Avenue Historic District
 * Near Westside Historic District
 * Newtown Battlefield State Park
 * Park Church
 * Pentecostal Holy Temple Church of Jesus Christ
 * Pratt House
 * Quarry Farm
 * St. Patrick's Parochial Residence-Convent and School
 * Trinity Church
 * Woodlawn Cemetery and Woodlawn National Cemetery

Notable people

 * John Alexander, racing driver
 * Tedd Arnold, author and illustrator
 * John Arnot, Jr., politician, Civil War soldier
 * Elizabeth Frawley Bagley, U.S. Ambassador to Brazil
 * Charlie Baker, Governor of Massachusetts
 * Ray W. Barker, Major General, US Army
 * John Beecher, NHL player for the Boston Bruins
 * James R. Beckwith, Wisconsin state assembly
 * Simeon Benjamin (1792—1868), businessman, philanthropist, and benefactor of Elmira College
 * Zebulon Brockway (1827–1920) known as the "Father of prison reform," directed the Elmira Reformatory
 * Olivia "Livy" Langdon Clemens, wife of Mark Twain
 * Chip Coffey, psychic, television personality
 * Frederick Collin, lawyer, judge, Mayor of Elmira
 * Eileen Collins, astronaut
 * Harriet Maxwell Converse, author, folklorist, Native American civil rights advocate
 * Clara Cook, All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player
 * Ernie Davis, football player, first African-American Heisman Trophy winner (1961)
 * Alexander S. Diven, former US Army officer and Congressman

 * Stan Drulia, ice hockey player and coach
 * Jacob Sloat Fassett, politician
 * Clyde Fitch, playwright
 * Thomas S. Flood, former US Congressman
 * Dan Forrest, Jr., composer
 * John Franchi, mixed martial arts fighter
 * Henry Friendly, judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
 * Burt Gillett, director of animated films
 * Charles Tomlinson Griffes, composer
 * Sam Groom, actor
 * Jason Butler Harner, actor
 * Bud Heine, former Baseball player for the New York Giants.
 * Lewis Henry, former US Congressman
 * Bruce Heyman, former U.S. Ambassador to Canada
 * Tommy Hilfiger, fashion designer
 * Molly Huddle, Olympic runner
 * John W. Jones, underground railroad agent
 * Matt Knowles, pro wrestler
 * Warren D. Leary, Wisconsin State Assemblyman and newspaper publisher
 * Kirt Manwaring, former Major League Baseball player
 * Charles Thomas McMillen, basketball player, politician
 * Norman A. Mordue, QB Syracuse University. Served with 1stAirCav Viet Nam. Currently U.S. Federal Judge 3rd District, Syracuse, NY
 * Anna Campbell Palmer (1854–1928), author, editor
 * William P. Perry, producer and composer
 * Aurora Phelps, land reformer, labor leader, women's rights advocate
 * Beth Phoenix, WWE Hall of Famer
 * Jeanine Pirro, television host, author, and former New York State judge, prosecutor, and politician
 * Jeff Plate, drummer for Trans-Siberian Orchestra
 * Margaret L. Plunkett (1906-2000), labor economist, diplomat
 * Anna Beach Pratt, American educator and social worker.
 * Hal Roach, film producer
 * Jane Roberts, writer and psychic - (1929–1984), author, psychic and trance or spirit medium.
 * Hosea H. Rockwell, former US Congressman
 * Francis Asbury Roe, naval officer
 * Alice J. Shaw, whistling performer in vaudeville
 * Frederick B. Shaw, U.S. Army brigadier general
 * Joey Sindelar, pro golfer
 * Horace B. Smith, former US Congressman
 * Esther Baker Steele (1835–1911), educator, author, traveler, philanthropist
 * Joel Dorman Steele, educator, writer
 * John Surratt, son of Mary Surratt
 * Art Sykes, boxer
 * Mark Twain, writer
 * Asher Tyler, former US Congressman
 * Lewis Sayre Van Duzer, US Navy officer
 * Antha Minerva Virgil, composer and inventor
 * John Joseph Wantuck, US Marine awarded Navy Cross
 * Bob Waterfield, college and pro football player, husband of actress Jane Russell
 * Brian Williams, television news anchor
 * Jason Wise, actor
 * Don Zimmer, Major League Baseball player and manager
 * Aeryn Gillern, Missing person, UNIDO worker

title: Elmira, New York


text:
Horseheads (village), New York

Horseheads is a village in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 6,606 at the 2020 census. The name is derived from the number of bleached skulls of pack horses left behind by the Sullivan Expedition.

The village of Horseheads is located within the town of Horseheads. It is north of the city of Elmira and is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
In September 1779, forces under General John Sullivan marched north 450 mi from Easton, Pennsylvania, over to Wyoming, Pennsylvania, and on up the Susquehanna River to Newtown (Elmira), then continued north through what is now known as Horseheads to the Finger Lakes region and west to Genesee, on a scorched-earth mission against Loyalists and more significantly against their Iroquois allies. They returned about three weeks later, largely on the same route.

The journey had been particularly severe and wearing upon the animals, and their food supply was found insufficient. Arriving about 6 mi north of Fort Reid on September 24, 1779, they were obliged to dispose of a large number of sick and disabled horses. The number of horses was so great that they were quite noticeable, and the surviving Iroquois collected the skulls and arranged them in a line along the trail. From that time forward, that spot was referred to as the "Valley of the Horses' Heads" and is still known by the name given to it by the Iroquois. Today this area is part of the heartland of Upstate New York, across which thirty-five monoliths mark the path of Sullivan's troops and the locations of the Iroquois villages they razed dotting the region, erected by the New York State Education Department in 1929 to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the expedition.

The settlement of the village area began around 1830. The village was officially incorporated in 1839 as the "Village of Fairport," due to its location on the Chemung Canal, but changed its name back to "Horseheads" in 1845. In 1885, it was renamed "North Elmira" but the village resumed the original name, "Horseheads" in 1886.

The village was once a port on the Chemung Canal.

The Chemung Railway Depot-Horseheads, Hanover Square Historic District, Horseheads 1855 Extension Historic District, Teal Park, and Zimmerman House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Horseheads village is in the Southern Tier Region of New York, 5 mi north of downtown Elmira. It is located at a low point on the St. Lawrence Continental Divide separating the Susquehanna River watershed to the south and the Lake Ontario watershed to the north. Newtown Creek on the east side of the village flows south toward the Chemung River, a tributary of the Susquehanna, while the northernmost part of the village drains north to Catharine Creek, the main tributary of Seneca Lake, one of the Finger Lakes.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 10.1 sqkm, of which 0.04 sqkm, or 0.38%, is water.

New York State Route 17 and Interstate 86 pass through the village, with access from exits 52 and 53. New York State Route 14, a north-south highway, intersects State Route 17 in the village. New York State Route 13 intersects State Route 17 east of the village.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 6,452 people, 2,862 households, and 1,800 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,666.4 PD/sqmi. There were 3,007 housing units at an average density of 776.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 95.57% White, 1.30% Black or African American, 0.12% Native American, 1.92% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.91% of the population.

There were 2,862 households, out of which 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.1% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $35,915, and the median income for a family was $44,971. Males had a median income of $36,774 versus $22,776 for females. The per capita income for the village was $20,779. About 4.6% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.

title: Horseheads (village), New York


text:
Horseheads, New York

Horseheads is a town in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 19,412 at the 2020 census. The name of the town is derived from the number of bleached horses' skulls once found there.

Horseheads is north of the city of Elmira, upon which it borders. There is a village named Horseheads within the town. It is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
On September 1, 1779, General George Washington and Nickolas Steven Webb ordered the forces of General John Sullivan to march north on a 450 mi journey through a wooded wilderness from Easton, Pennsylvania, over to Wyoming, Pennsylvania, and on up the Susquehanna River to Newtown (Elmira) to mount a raid on Iroquois, then allied with the British. They continued north through what is now known as Horseheads to the Finger Lakes region and west to Geneseo. Devastating the already weakened Iroquois, Sullivan's troops retreated back along the same route.

The journey had been particularly severe and wearing upon the animals, and their food supply was found insufficient. Arriving about 6 mi north of Fort Reid on September 24, 1779, they were obliged to dispose of a large number of sick and disabled horses. The number of horses was so great that they were quite noticeable, and the native Iroquois collected the skulls and arranged them in a line along the trail. From that time forward, that spot was referred to as the "valley of the horses' heads" and is still known by the name.

Around 1787, the first settlers arrived, making the area one of the first in the county to be populated. The town of Horseheads was formed from the towns of Elmira and Chemung in 1835. Fairport, the current village of Horseheads, set itself off from the town by becoming an incorporated village in 1837.

Fire of 1862
A fire destroyed much of the business district of Horseheads in August 1862.

The Holding Point
Located in the northern portion of Horseheads, The Holding Point was used by the Federal government for the war effort. Originally called The Holding Point and Reconsignment Point, it was a storage and collection point for military equipment. At the cost of over $8 million, the 700+-acre plot of land was managed by 30 soldiers from the Army Transportation Corp and aided by 500 civilians. In the summer of 1944, German POWs were brought to the Holding Point as labor from nearby former CCC camps in Van Ettan. The German POWs only served at the Holding Point for a limited time, before they were replaced by approximately 400 Italians from two Allied-loyal Italian Service Units.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 93.0 sqkm, of which 92.2 sqkm is land and 0.8 sqkm, or 0.87%, is water.

Newtown Creek, a tributary of the Chemung River, flows west then south through the center of the town. The Southern Tier Expressway (combined Interstate 86 and New York State Route 17) is a major east–west highway, with access from exits 52, 53, and 54. New York State Route 13 and New York State Route 14 are north–south highways through the town. The western end of New York State Route 223 is east of Horseheads village. The town is in the Southern Tier region of New York.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 19,561 people, 7,960 households, and 5,253 families residing in the town. The population density was 545.5 PD/sqmi. There were 8,350 housing units at an average density of 232.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 95.89% White, 1.29% Black or African American, 0.12% Native American, 1.53% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 0.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population.

There were 7,960 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,444, and the median income for a family was $46,827. Males had a median income of $36,546 versus $24,197 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,795. About 5.6% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.5% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.

Transport
Historically, the Elmira & Seneca Lake Railway opened for operation on June 19, 1900, from Horseheads to Seneca Lake. The former Chemung Canal passed through the town.

Interstate 86 / State Route 17 (Southern Tier Expressway) runs through the town connecting Elmira / Elmira Heights to the southeast and Corning to the west. It is connected to the north to Watkins Glen via State Route 14 and to Ithaca via State Route 13. It is served by the Elmira-Corning Regional Airport, located in Big Flats NY, and has bus service through C-Tran.

Sister city program
Starting in 1990, Horseheads was the sister city of Bato in Tochigi Prefecture in Japan, a town that could be translated as Horseheads. However, in 2005 Bato merged with Ogawa to form a new town called Nakagawa. Nakagawa inherited the title of sister city, and the two cities continue to exchange student and adult delegates.

Communities and locations in the Town of Horseheads

 * Breesport – A hamlet by the eastern town line on NY-223, named after settler Azariah Breese.
 * Elmira Heights – The village of Elmira Heights is a northern suburb of Elmira. Most of the village is inside the town of Horseheads.
 * Elmira Heights North – A suburb of Elmira.
 * Horseheads – The village of Horseheads is a northern suburb of Elmira, located on NY-17.
 * Horseheads North, a census-designated place in the northern part of the town
 * Orchard Knoll – A hamlet southeast of Horseheads village on County Road 51.
 * Ormiston – A location south of Breesport.
 * Slabtown – A location by the northern town line between NY-13 and NY-14.

title: Horseheads, New York


text:
Finlandia Prize

The Finlandia Prize (Finlandia-palkinto; Finlandiaprisen) is a set of Finnish literary prizes awarded by the Finnish Book Foundation to "celebrate reading and highlight new Finnish first-rate literature." Considered the most prestigious in the nation, they are awarded annually in three categories: fiction, non-fiction and children's and youth literature. The prize was first awarded in 1984.

The award sum (as of 2022) is 30,000 euros (originally 100,000 Finnish Marks). Works submitted for nomination may be in Finnish or Swedish and also works in other languages may be considered. Prior to 2010 only works written by citizens of Finland were allowed but the rules were changed when Alexandra Salmela, a citizen of Slovakia, was nominated.

Since 1984, in addition to the fiction category, the Little Finlandia Prize (Pikku-Finlandia-palkinto) for the best student essay on literature has been administered by the Finnish Language Teachers’ Union in cooperation with the Finnish Book Foundation.

Finlandia Prize in Fiction
The Finlandia Prize in Fiction, the oldest of the three categories, has been awarded for an outstanding Finnish work of fiction since 1984. Since 1993, however, the prize has been awarded exclusively to novels.

Finlandia Prize in Children's and Youth Literature
The Finlandia Prize in Children's and Youth Literature (formerly the Finlandia Junior Prize) is awarded for children's and youth literature.

Note: English title column may reflect a published book, or just a translated title.

Finlandia Prize in Non-Fiction
The Finlandia Prize in Non-Fiction is considered Finland's most significant non-fiction award.

title: Finlandia Prize


text:
Southport (CDP), New York

Southport is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Southport in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population of the CDP was 7,238 at the 2010 census, out of a total population in the town of 10,940.

Railroad history
The Pennsylvania Railroad, for many decades, had a yard in Southport. This yard, closed in the 1970s, served the PRR's famed Elmira Branch. Trains to and from Williamsport, Pennsylvania, Canandaigua, and Sodus Point originated and terminated here. Just north of Southport, the PRR shared track with the Erie Railroad through downtown Elmira. The yard also served the New York Central Railroad, which had trackage rights on the PRR north of Elmira. It was a major crew terminal for the PRR especially, and was quite large, with extensive facilities. It covered most of Southport. The Elmira Branch was one of the last holdouts of steam locomotives on the PRR, and they could be seen here almost until the end of PRR steam in 1957.

After Hurricane Agnes destroyed bridges south of Elmira on the branch, PRR successor Penn Central decided to abandon the Elmira Branch south of Elmira, and the yard was closed. Nothing remains of the yard today.

Geography
The Southport CDP is located in the northeast corner of the town of Southport at 42.06306°N, -76.80694°W (42.063124, -76.807127). It is bordered to the north by the city of Elmira and forms a continuous area of urban development with it. The Chemung River, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, forms the remainder of the northern edge of the Southport CDP, with the community of West Elmira to the north across the river.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Southport CDP has a total area of 17.1 sqkm, of which 16.5 sqkm is land and 0.6 sqkm, or 3.61%, is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 7,396 people, 3,133 households, and 2,039 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,124.9 PD/sqmi. There were 3,265 housing units at an average density of 496.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.19% White, 1.91% Black or African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.42% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.73% of the population.

There were 3,133 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 29.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $34,899, and the median income for a family was $40,396. Males had a median income of $31,194 versus $23,920 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,876. About 11.2% of families and 14.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.1% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Southport (CDP), New York


text:
Southport, New York

Southport is a town in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 9,684 according to the 2020 census. The town is located in the southwestern corner of Chemung County and is southwest of the city of Elmira. It is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The area was first settled circa 1788. The town of Southport was formed from the town of Elmira in 1822. In 1867, an eastern section of the town was used to form part of the new town of Ashland.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Southport has a total area of 121.3 sqkm, of which 120.2 sqkm is land and 1.1 sqkm, or 0.91%, is water.

The southern town line is the border of Pennsylvania, and the western town boundary is the border of Steuben County. The Chemung River, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, forms part of the northern border.

New York State Route 14 and New York State Route 328 are north-south highways that intersect in Southport village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 11,185 people, 4,189 households, and 2,890 families residing in the town. The population density was 240.4 PD/sqmi. There were 4,353 housing units at an average density of 93.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 90.55% White, 6.78% Black or African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.47% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.91% of the population.

There were 4,189 households, out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.2% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,580, and the median income for a family was $44,232. Males had a median income of $32,144 versus $24,410 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,454. About 8.7% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.5% of those under age 18 and 4.2% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in Town of Southport

 * Bulkhead – A former community in the town.
 * Mudlick Creek – A stream flowing out the western side of the town.
 * Mount Zoar – A prominent hill in the northern part of the town.
 * Pine City – A hamlet between Southport village and Webb Mills on NY-328. The name is from the large number of pine trees.
 * Rosstown – A location south of Southport on County Road 26.
 * Sagetown – A location near the western town line on County Road 36 and Mudlick Creek.
 * Seeley Creek – (1) A stream that flows northward through the town to the Chemung River, (2) A hamlet south of Webb Mills on NY-328. The name is that of an early settler family.
 * Southport – The hamlet of Southport is in the northeastern part of the town, located on NY-14, and is also a suburb of Elmira.
 * Webb Mills – A hamlet in the south central part of the town and north of Seeley Creek on NY-328.

title: Southport, New York


text:
Van Etten (hamlet), New York

Van Etten is a hamlet and census-designated place in Chemung County, New York, United States. It was a village that was absorbed by the Town of Van Etten on December 31, 2018. The population was 537 at the 2010 census. The name came from the two brothers who founded the village.

The village of Van Etten was in the town of Van Etten near its eastern town line. The village was northeast of Elmira and was part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The village was founded around 1798 by James and Joshua Van Etten. Previously called "Halls Corners", at first the community was called "Van Ettenville", but was incorporated in 1876 as "Van Etten". The first railroad line arrived in 1871.

In 2017, the village of Van Etten voted to dissolve and rejoin the Town of Van Etten. As of the 2019 American Community Survey, the U.S. Census Bureau still lists Van Etten as a village.

Geography
Van Etten was located in northeastern Chemung County at 42.19806°N, -76.55417°W (42.19831, -76.554336).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the former village had a total area of 2.25 sqkm, all land.

New York State Route 34 intersects New York State Route 224 in the former village.

Demographics
At the 2000 census, there were 581 people, 228 households and 150 families residing in the former village. The population density was 668.6 PD/sqmi. There were 239 housing units at an average density of 275.0 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the former village was 98.28% White, 0.17% Black or African American, 0.69% Native American, 0.17% Asian, and 0.69% from two or more races.

There were 228 households, of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.03.

Age distribution was 30.1% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.

The median household income was $27,955 and the median family income was $35,769. Males had a median income of $23,125 versus $30,417 for females. The per capita income for the village was $12,223. About 10.3% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.9% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

title: Van Etten (hamlet), New York


text:
Van Etten, New York

Van Etten is a town in Chemung County, New York, United States. It is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of the town was 1,541 at the 2020 census. The town is named for the two brothers who founded the village of Van Etten in it. The town is at the northeastern corner of the county, northeast of Elmira.

History
The area that became Van Etten was first settled around 1794, but more permanent settlement came in 1797. The town of Van Etten was formed in 1854 from the towns of Erin and Cayuta. (Cayuta later became part of Schuyler County.)

In 1876, the village of Van Etten was incorporated within the town.

In 2017, the village of Van Etten voted to dissolve and rejoin the Town of Van Etten. The dissolution took effect on December 31, 2018.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 107.7 sqkm, of which 107.3 sqkm is land and 0.3 sqkm, or 0.30%, is water.

The northern town line is the border of Tompkins County, the eastern town boundary is the border of Tioga County and part of the western town line is the border of Schuyler County.

New York State Route 34 intersects New York State Route 224 at Van Etten village. A short part of New York State Route 223 is at its junction with NY-224 by the west town line.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,518 people, 596 households, and 420 families residing in the town. The population density was 36.5 PD/sqmi. There were 679 housing units at an average density of 16.3 per square mile (6.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.55% White, 0.26% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.46% of the population.

There were 596 households, out of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.2% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $32,011, and the median income for a family was $38,462. Males had a median income of $26,318 versus $24,762 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,426. About 7.7% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.7% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Van Etten

 * Swartwood – A hamlet by the western town line on NY-223. It is named after an early settler of the town, Jacob Swartwood.
 * Van Etten – The hamlet of Van Etten is near the eastern town line at the junction of NY-34 and NY-224.
 * Van Etten Junction – A hamlet south of Van Etten village on NY-34.

title: Van Etten, New York


text:
Afton (village), New York

Afton is a village in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 822 at the 2010 census. The village is named after the poem "Sweet Afton" by Scottish poet Robert Burns, referring to the River Afton in Ayrshire, Scotland.

The village of Afton is located in the town of Afton and is northeast of Binghamton.

History
The first settlement in the town, around 1786, was near the site of the present village. Ebenezer Landers built a home on the east side of the Susquehanna River. The home was later acquired by Dr. Carlton J. H. Hayes, professor of history at Columbia University and the United States ambassador to Spain during World War II. Hayes added the Pillard Porticho to the Landers home, and the structure continues to stand and is known as the Jericho Farm today. In 1983, the Main Street Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
Afton village is located at the geographic center of the town of Afton at 42.22917°N, -75.52472°W (42.22918, -75.524781), in southern Chenango County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 4.1 sqkm, of which 4.0 sqkm is land and 0.2 sqkm, or 4.57%, is water. The Susquehanna River flows through the village.

Interstate 88 passes just east of the village limits, with access from Exit 7. The center of Afton is at the junction of NY Route 7 and NY Route 41. Binghamton is 26 mi to the southwest, and Oneonta is 33 mi to the northeast. County Road 30 also intersects NY-41 in the village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 836 people, 366 households, and 237 families residing in the village. The population density was 550.4 PD/sqmi. There were 403 housing units at an average density of 265.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.44% White, 0.12% Black or African American, 1.08% Native American, 0.12% Asian, and 0.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.32% of the population.

There were 366 households, out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $34,412, and the median income for a family was $38,194. Males had a median income of $30,972 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,299. About 9.3% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.9% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

title: Afton (village), New York


text:
Afton, New York

Afton is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 2,769 at the 2020 census. Afton is situated in the southeast corner of the county and lies wholly within the original Township of Clinton. It was formed from the town of Bainbridge on November 18, 1857, and derives its name from Afton Water, a small river in the parish of New Cumnock, Ayrshire, Scotland, immortalized by the poet Robert Burns. It is bounded on the north by Bainbridge and Coventry, on the east by Delaware County, and on the west and south by Broome County.

The town of Afton contains a village, also called Afton. The town is at the southeastern corner of the county and is northeast of Binghamton.

History
The area of Afton was first settled around 1786. The town of Afton was founded from part of the town of Bainbridge in 1857.

Bainbridge and Afton were once combined as one town called Jericho. A particularly severe winter storm left residents starving or freezing to death from lack of supplies in the area which is now known as Afton. The cold and snow had been so severe, the townspeople of what is now Bainbridge refused to help. When spring came, hard feelings were had by the rural residents, and the town of Jericho split into two. Afton was named from a line in a poem cherished by the town, and also named with an "A" because it came first alphabetically, so that it came before "Bainbridge" on state registers. Afton was once called "Clinton" after General George Clinton, and was jokingly called "Jockey Port" due to the horse raceway in Afton.

It was also previously known as "South Bainbridge" as it was created from the southern part of the town of Bainbridge.

Joseph Smith, founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, was married to Emma Hale in Afton. The marriage took place at the site of what is now the Afton Fairgrounds and Raceway.

Afton was a stop on the Underground Railroad for slaves escaping from the South. Some houses in Afton are found to have secret rooms and staircases, as in a house on Pleasant Avenue.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 120.5 sqkm, of which 118.7 sqkm is land and 1.8 sqkm, or 1.46%, is water.

Interstate 88 and the Susquehanna River pass through the town. New York State Route 7 intersects New York State Route 41 at Afton village.

The western and southern town lines are the border of Broome County, and the eastern town boundary is the border of Delaware County.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,977 people, 1,186 households, and 829 families residing in the town. The population density was 64.8 PD/sqmi. There were 1,404 housing units at an average density of 30.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.66% White, 0.27% Black or African American, 0.54% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population.

There were 1,186 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,730, and the median income for a family was $40,122. Males had a median income of $30,656 versus $25,247 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,239. About 7.3% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the town

 * Afton – A village located on NY Route 7 near the center of the town and by the Susquehanna River.
 * Bettsburg – A hamlet near the southern town line on NY-41. It is named after Peter Betts, a local merchant.
 * East Afton – A hamlet in the southeastern corner of the town.
 * Middle Bridge – A hamlet northeast of Afton village, located on County Road 39 on the south side of the Susquehanna River.
 * Nineveh – A hamlet at the town line on NY-7.
 * Nineveh Junction – A hamlet in the southwestern part of the town.
 * North Afton – A hamlet near the northern town line and north of Afton village on NY Route 41. It incorporated as a village in 1829, was dissolved and re-incorporated in 1833, and later dissolved its incorporation again. North Afton was formerly called "Ayrshire."

Notable person

 * Elijah Easton, farmer who served in both the Wisconsin and Minnesota legislatures, was a native of Afton

title: Afton, New York


text:
Bainbridge (village), New York

Bainbridge is a village in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 1,355 at the 2010 census. The village is at the center of the town of Bainbridge and lies between Binghamton and Oneonta.

History
The first settlement of the village site took place circa 1789. The village was incorporated in 1821. It was once the home for production of Elmer's Glue. In 1982, many of its historic buildings were included in the Bainbridge Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places. The Charles C. Hovey House and Strong Leather Company Mill was listed in 1996.

In June 2006, a weather system stalled over most of the Southern Tier in New York state, causing river levels to rise dramatically. The Susquehanna River, which runs through the eastern part of the village of Bainbridge, rose to 27 ft, which was 14 ft over the river's flood stage. Major flooding took place in the village, including the northern parts of North Main Street and the area near the town baseball field. The river stretched far up East Main Street, passing the village garage and post office. Flood waters also reached the exit and entrance to the westbound side of Interstate 88.

Geography
Bainbridge is located in southeastern Chenango County at 42.29472°N, -75.48°W (42.294803, -75.480089).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.3 sqkm, of which 3.2 sqkm is land and 0.1 sqkm, or 2.74%, is water.

The village is adjacent to the Susquehanna River and Interstate 88 (exit 8). NY-7 (North and South Main Street) and NY-206 (East and West Main Street) intersect at the village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,365 people, 578 households, and 354 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,064.3 PD/sqmi. There were 650 housing units at an average density of 506.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.17% White, 0.22% Black or African American, 0.37% Asian, 0.15% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races, and 0.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.17% of the population.

There were 578 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.6% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $35,231, and the median income for a family was $40,962. Males had a median income of $28,583 versus $24,091 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,666. About 7.8% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.2% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.

Economy
The village of Bainbridge is small. Its proximity to other villages and towns, such as Oxford, Guilford, Afton, and Unadilla, and to the small cities of Sidney and Norwich, help to expand business and employment opportunities. In addition, its location on New York State Route 7 and on Interstate 88, between the regionally-important cities of Albany and Binghamton, also helps to inject a degree of stimulus into the local economy.

The village has a 7 acre industrial park called the Bainbridge Business park. The park is broken up into seven lots, each 1 acre. An outpatient clinic for the Veterans Health Administration is among the occupants. The old Elmer's Glue plant was once a foundation of the local economy, but in its absence other businesses have had to fill the vacuum. Bainbridge is home to the executive headquarters of Conklin Fashions, one of the largest wholesale suppliers of costume jewelry and fashion accessories in the United States and an employer of several dozen local citizens.

title: Bainbridge (village), New York


text:
Bainbridge, New York

Bainbridge is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 3,308 at the 2010 census. The town is at the eastern border of Chenango County, halfway between Binghamton and Oneonta.

The Village of Bainbridge is located at the geographic center of the town.

History

Bainbridge was originally settled by Native Americans of the Iroquois nations. During the American Revolution, these tribes became allies of the British and commenced raids on American settlements. In 1779, George Washington ordered the Sullivan Expedition into what is today Upstate New York. When General James Clinton reached the Bainbridge area, the tribes had fled to sanctuary in Upper Canada. Clinton's forces destroyed their homes and crops, including their winter stores.

The town was first settled by European Americans circa 1788, first by a group called the "Vermont Sufferers". These were people from land in Eastern New York, who had lost their claims due to land sales by Vermont for the same claims.

The town was formed in 1791 as the "Town of Jericho" in Tioga County before the formation of Chenango County. The name Bainbridge was adopted in 1814 in honor of United States Navy Commodore William Bainbridge. Subsequently, the town was reduced by the creation of new towns in the county: In 1793, part of Bainbridge was used to form the parts of the towns of Norwich and Oxford; more of Bainbridge was used for the towns of Greene (1798 and 1799) and Afton (1857).

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Bainbridge has a total area of 90.0 sqkm, of which 88.9 sqkm is land and 1.1 sqkm, or 1.24%, is water. The Susquehanna River flows through the center of the town, entering from the east side and leaving across the south.

The eastern town line is the border of Delaware County.

Interstate 88 passes through the town, following the Susquehanna River. New York State Route 206 intersects I-88 and New York State Route 7 at Bainbridge village. A traffic circle was built in 2007 at the intersection of County Route 39 and State Route 206 on the eastern shore of the Susquehanna River, between I-88 and Bainbridge village. The bridge over the Susquehanna was finished in 2007, replacing the old, metal bridge.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,401 people, 1,368 households, and 928 families residing in the town. The population density was 99.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,521 housing units at an average density of 44.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.35% White, 0.32% Black or African American, 0.24% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population.

There were 1,368 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,219, and the median income for a family was $41,625. Males had a median income of $28,009 versus $25,533 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,832. About 8.6% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the town of Bainbridge

 * Bainbridge – The village of Bainbridge is at the junction of NY-7 and NY-206 by the Susquehanna River.
 * Bennettsville – A hamlet by the eastern town line in the southeastern part of the town on NY-206.
 * Sidney Municipal Airport (N23) – An airport at the eastern town line, partly in Bainbridge, north of I-88.
 * Union Valley – A hamlet in the northwestern corner of the town and north of West Bainbridge on County Road 17.
 * West Bainbridge – A hamlet near the western town line on NY-206.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bainbridge has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Notable person

 * Jedediah Smith (1799-1831) one of America's more famous mountain men and explorers of the west

title: Bainbridge, New York


text:
Greene (village), New York

Greene is a village in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 1,580 at the 2010 census. The village is named after General Nathanael Greene. It is within the town of Greene and is northeast of Binghamton.

History
The village was the site of the first settlement in the town, around 1792 by Stephen Ketchum, and was originally called "Hornby". The town later, in 1806, changed the name to that of the Revolutionary War general.

The village of Greene was laid out in 1806 and incorporated in 1842. In 1982, many of its historic buildings were included in the Greene Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places. The frequently cleansed Chenango River is a haven for wildlife, such as the great horned owl and the Virginia opossum.

Geography
Greene village is located north of the geographic center of the town of Greene at 42.33°N, -75.77°W (42.330073, -75.770137). It is in the southwestern part of Chenango County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.9 sqkm, of which 2.8 sqkm is land and 0.1 sqkm, or 3.40%, is water.

The village is on the banks of the Chenango River and was located near the former Chenango Canal. The Utica Branch of the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway, formerly the Lackawanna Railroad, later Erie Lackawanna, later Conrail, follows the river through the area. It has been inactive since devastating floods during the summer of 2006.

New York State Route 12 and New York State Route 206 intersect in the village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,701 people, 737 households, and 431 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,590.9 PD/sqmi. There were 786 housing units at an average density of 735.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.35% White, 0.29% Black or African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population.

There were 737 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% were non-families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $30,833, and the median income for a family was $40,917. Males had a median income of $31,688 versus $22,188 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,608. About 7.0% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 11.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: Greene (village), New York


text:
Greene, New York

Greene is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 5,604 at the 2010 census. The town is named after General Nathanael Greene. It is located in the southwestern corner of the county and contains a village, also named Greene. The town and village are northeast of Binghamton. Greene was founded in 1792, but commenced in 1798 (though this is hotly disputed).

History
Part of modern Greene was from land purchased in 1785 from the Oneida and Tuscarora people, but many of the Oneida remained in the area until circa 1812. In 1792, the first outside settler arrived and established himself at Greene village.

The town was originally known as Hornby, but was changed to Greene in honor of General Nathanael Greene, a hero of the American Revolution.

The town was formed from the towns of Bainbridge and Union (Broome County) in 1798. More was added to Greene from Bainbridge (then "Jericho") in 1799. The town was later reduced by the formation of new towns: Coventry (1806) and Smithville (1808). More of Greene was taken to form part of the town of Barker in 1840, and another part of Greene was added to Coventry in 1843.

In 1842, the village of Greene was incorporated within the town.

About two dozen men from Greene enlisted during the Civil War.

The former Chenango Canal (1837) helped build the town's commerce until replaced by the railroad, which was in turn replaced by Route 12 and State Highway 206.

In 1945 the Gross Flat flying field was purchased by Robert Barrows and the Greene Airport was established. The airport is still in operation and is located on 173 Airport Road. Boasting one of the longest and widest grass strips in the area, it is frequented by pilots in training. It is open to the public and has a local CFII instructor and a certified A&P. The Greene Airport also has a live updating weather station that sends data to the National Weather Service.

The Chenango River Theatre was founded in Greene in 2006 by a committee dedicated to the concept of establishing a professional, non-profit theatre to help attract tourists to Greene and Chenango County. That committee evolved into a Board of Directors, who selected Bill Lelbach as the company's initial Artistic and Managing Director. They are now in their 15th season (2021), with Zach Curtis taking over for 2022 as Producing Artistic Director from the retiring Lelbach. They are still one of the relatively few Equity theatres in the country able to survive in a strictly rural environment.

The landmark Sherwood Hotel, now closed, is haunted, due to the ever-present ghost of Viola, a wartime widow who hung herself with rope from the upper balcony. In 1910, then 20-year-old Viola, daughter of a local cattle rancher, had married the son of the wealthy Juliand family, Donovan. The couple had thirteen children together, until, in 1917, Donovan Juliand shipped out for the European theater of World War One. Though Donovan allegedly wrote Viola each day for every day of 1917, always proclaiming his longing to return to her and their children, he never made it home, and Viola, heartbroken and lovesick, eventually took her own life by hanging herself where she worked.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 195.9 sqkm, of which 194.4 sqkm is land and 1.4 sqkm, or 0.72%, is water. The Chenango River, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, flows southward through the town.

The western and southern town lines form the border with Broome County.

New York State Route 206, an east-west highway, intersects New York State Route 12 in Greene village.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,729 people, 2,275 households, and 1,540 families residing in the town. The population density was 76.2 PD/sqmi. There were 2,550 housing units at an average density of 33.9 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.53% White, 0.24% Black or African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.07% from other races, and 0.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of the population.

There were 2,275 households, out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.3% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,333, and the median income for a family was $41,943. Males had a median income of $33,487 versus $22,881 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,640. About 8.3% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.8% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the Town of Greene

 * Crestmont – A residential development off NY-206 atop Juliand Hill.
 * Fickles Corner – A hamlet in the southwestern corner of Greene on NY-12.
 * Genegantslet – A hamlet northwest of Greene village on NY-206.
 * Greene – The village of Greene, located on NY-12 and NY-206.
 * Lower Genegantslet Corner – A hamlet southwest of Greene village on NY-12.
 * Quinneville – A hamlet by the southern town line on County Road 9.

title: Greene, New York


text:
New Berlin (village), New York

New Berlin is a village in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 1,028 at the census. The village is by the eastern town line of the town of New Berlin and is northeast of Norwich.

History
The village was incorporated in 1816. The name of the village and town are believed to relate to the city, Berlin in Germany, due to the number of early German settlers. The true origin of the name comes from one of its earliest settlers' heritage in Berlin, New York, or Berlin, Connecticut.

The Horace O. Moss House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The New Berlin Historic District was listed in 1982.

Education

 * Milford Academy
 * Unadilla Valley School

Geography
New Berlin village is located near the northeastern corner of the town of New Berlin at 42.61667°N, -75.33333°W (42.6241, -75.3334). It is adjacent to the Unadilla River, a south-flowing tributary of the Susquehanna River, and is at the border of Otsego County.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.8 sqkm, all land.

The village is situated where conjoined Routes NY-8 and NY-80 separate, with NY-8 going south and NY-80 going east. Sidney is 23 mi to the south, Cooperstown is 26 mi to the east, and Utica is 38 mi to the north. County Road 29 enters the village from the west.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,129 people, 425 households, and 266 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,047.0 PD/sqmi. There were 487 housing units at an average density of 451.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 97.87% White, 0.35% Black or African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 1.06% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.89% of the population.

There were 425 households, out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 23.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.7 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $27,885, and the median income for a family was $36,786. Males had a median income of $26,750 versus $21,000 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,344. About 10.1% of families and 18.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.8% of those under age 18 and 11.4% of those age 65 or over.

title: New Berlin (village), New York


text:
New Berlin, New York

New Berlin is a town in Chenango County, central New York, United States. The population was 2,682 at the 2010 census. The town contains the village of New Berlin. The town is at the eastern border of the county and is northeast of Norwich.

History
The first European-American settlers arrived c. 1790, after the American Revolutionary War. This followed the Iroquois League nations being forced to cede most of their territory to the United States following the defeat of their ally Great Britain. The Mohawk and other Iroquois nations moved to Ontario, Canada, where they were granted some land by the British Crown in compensation. Some small reservations were set up for them in New York state.

The Town of New Berlin was founded by a partition of the Town of Norwich in 1807; it was named after Berlin, Germany, from which many new settlers had come. In 1821 the town changed its name to "Lancaster", but returned to "New Berlin" the next year. In 1853, part of the town was used to form the Town of Sherburne.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of New Berlin has a total area of 120.6 sqkm, of which 119.5 sqkm is land and 1.1 sqkm, or 0.94%, is water.

The eastern town line, marked by the Unadilla River, is the border of Otsego County. The Unadilla is a southward-flowing tributary of the Susquehanna River.

New York State Route 8, a north-south highway, intersects New York State Route 80 north of New Berlin village at Five Corners. New York State Route 23 is an east-west highway running east from Norwich.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,803 people, 1,083 households, and 737 families residing in the town. The population density was 60.4 PD/sqmi. There were 1,358 housing units at an average density of 29.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 98.14% White, 0.36% Black or African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.25% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.21% of the population.

There were 1,083 households, out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.9% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $31,875, and the median income for a family was $40,000. Males had a median income of $27,411 versus $21,348 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,546. About 10.5% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.8% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations in the town

 * Amblerville – hamlet northwest of South New Berlin.
 * Chenango Lake – hamlet in the western part of the town, adjacent to a lake of the same name.
 * Chenango Lake – lake located by the hamlet of Chenango Lake.
 * Davis Crossing – hamlet south of New Berlin village on NY-8.
 * Five Corners – hamlet in the northeastern corner of the town, north of New Berlin village.
 * Holmesville – hamlet at the southern tip of the town, south of South New Berlin on Route 8.
 * Hunts Pond State Park – former state park in the east-central part of the town, managed since 2011 as part of Hunts Pond State Forest.
 * New Berlin – village located in the northeastern part of the town on NY-8. Its eastern border is the east town line and the Unadilla River.
 * Mill Brook Reservoir – lake located west of the village of New Berlin.
 * New Berlin Center – former community by the eastern town line.
 * Sages Crossing – hamlet near the eastern town line on NY-8.
 * South New Berlin – hamlet near the southern end of the town on NY-8.

Notable people

 * Helen A. Manville, poet, litterateur
 * Anson Burlingame, lawyer, congressman, abolitionist, diplomat

Education

 * Unadilla Valley Central School

title: New Berlin, New York


text:
Norwich (town), New York

Norwich is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States. The population was 3,998 at the 2010 census.

The Town of Norwich is located east of the center of the county. The city of Norwich is surrounded on all sides by the northern part of the town.

History
The first settlers arrived c. 1788. The town of Norwich was formed in 1793 from the towns of Union (now in Broome County) and Bainbridge. Afterwards, Norwich, as a "mother town" of the county, lost substantial territory in the formation of new towns. In 1806, Norwich gave up territory to form the towns of Pharsalia, Plymouth and Preston. More of Norwich was lost in 1807 to form part of the towns of New Berlin and Columbus. In 1808 and 1820, Norwich exchanged territory with the town of Preston.

In 1816, the hamlet of Norwich incorporated as a village within the town, later reincorporating as the city of Norwich, now completely separate from the town.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Norwich has a total area of 108.9 sqkm, of which 108.7 sqkm is land and 0.2 sqkm, or 0.18%, is water.

The Chenango River, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, flows southward through the town. The Unadilla River, also a south-flowing tributary of the Susquehanna, forms part of the eastern boundary of the town.

New York State Route 12, a north-south highway, intersects New York State Route 23, an east-west highway, in the city of Norwich.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,836 people, 1,521 households, and 1,110 families residing in the town. The population density was 91.2 PD/sqmi. There were 1,706 housing units at an average density of 40.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 97.42% White, 0.50% Black or African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 0.36% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.41% of the population.

There were 1,521 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,357, and the median income for a family was $42,763. Males had a median income of $32,988 versus $22,817 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,474. About 8.0% of families and 13.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.6% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations

 * Hawley Corners – A hamlet east of the city of Norwich on NY-23.
 * Haynes – A hamlet in the southwestern corner of the town.
 * North Guilford Corners – A location at the southern town line, south of Webb Corners.
 * Polkville – A hamlet southeast of the city of Norwich on County Road 33.
 * Springvale – A hamlet east of the city of Norwich, located on County Road 34.
 * Webb Corners – A location in the southern part of the town.
 * White Store – A location in the southeastern corner of the town on Route 8.
 * Woods Corners – A hamlet directly north of the city of Norwich on NY-12 and adjacent to the northern town line.

title: Norwich (town), New York