text:
Talk:John A. Macdonald

Canada is a federation
An issue has come up about the use of the term "federation". It's true that the term "confederation" is used to describe both the process by which the country was formed ("Confederation occurred on July 1, 1867.") and the addition of new provinces ("Saskatchewan joined Confederation on September 1, 1905."). However, that is a very limited use of the term, and a bit of a historical accident. Professor Peter Hogg, one of Canada's leading constitutional scholars, points out that the Canadian usage of "confederation" in this since does not match political science and constitutional law definitions of a "confederation"; it is simply Canadian usage, and is not used to describe the central government.

Canada certainly is a federation. That is the common term used to describe the central government, and the allocation of powers between the federal government and the provincial governments. See for example, the federal government's own web-pages, summarizing the constitutional structure of the country:
 * Government
 * Canada has three levels of government:
 * federal
 * provincial or territorial
 * municipal (city)

 * Federal government
 * The Prime Minister heads the federal government based in Ottawa. It deals with national and international matters, such as: [followed by list of enumerated federal powers].

As well, the first volume of Hogg's two volume text on Canadian constitutional law is dedicated entirely to the principles of federalism and the allocation of responsibility between the federal and provincial governments. Chapter 5 is dedicated entirely to "Federalism", while chapter 15 is entitled "Judicial Review on Federal Grounds". The next twenty or so chapters all deal with federal provincial allocation of powers. In his chapter on federalism he states: "It is fair to conclude that the unitary elements of the Canadian Constitution are quite unimportant in relation to the federal elements, and that the Canadian Constitution is federal under any reasonable definition of that term." [my emphasis]

See also Eugene Forsey's booklet, How Canadians Govern Themselves, originally commissioned by the federal government. It is now in its 9th edition and provided online, and free charge in hard copy, by the Library of Parliament. Forsey was one of the leading constitutional authorities by the time of his death. Chapter 2 of the book is simply entitled "A Federal State", and begins: "A federal state is one that brings together a number of different political communities with a common government for common purposes, and separate 'state' or 'provincial' or 'cantonal' governments for the particular purposes of each community. The United States of America, Canada, Australia and Switzerland are all federal states. Federalism combines unity with diversity." [my emphasis]

In conclusion, I would say that Canada is a federation; it has a federal government;  and it is incorrect to deny that. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 15:02, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Why use the term at all? What was wrong with Dominion, the term that was changed?--Wehwalt (talk) 15:13, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Sure, but that's a different issue from denying that Canada is a federation.
 * The reason is that the use of the term "Dominion" is archaic, and does not reflect modern usage. There is in fact an entire wiki page devoted to the issue of the Name of Canada :). If we're working on an encyclopedia that is meant for general usage, using the modern term to refer to the country is a preferable approach. It avoids confusion and links to modern usage. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 15:29, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I've avoided the term entirely.--Wehwalt (talk) 15:36, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * "Dominion" is/was the countries TITLE denoting an independent Commonwealth realm ..nothing to do with the type of government per say. -- Moxy 🍁 15:38, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I would disagree. It was a comment on the type of government: a semi-autonomous (not independent) country under British control.  That's why the term has fallen into disuse, in Canada and all other Commonwealth countries, because of its colonial meaning.  It's also why in the final British statute dealing with Canada, the term "Dominion of Canada" was not used.  Just "Canada".  More recent legislation overrides older legislation. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 15:48, 11 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Perhaps I was not clear here.. I agree with what you're saying. Dominion is not the scholarly term used in describing Canada's type of government... it was a term of Art with a much broader meaning than just government type. My point was that current scholarly terminology used is to refer to Canada as a federation and not a Confederation or Dominion.-- Moxy 🍁 20:10, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

The Province of Canada was split into Quebec and Ontario
An issue has arisen about the creation of Ontario and Quebec in 1867. It is not the case that Canada East and Canada West were turned into Quebec and Ontario. Rather, the old Province of Canada entered into union with Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and in the process was split into Quebec and Ontario. The relevant sections are sections 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the Constitution Act, 1867. There is no mention of Canada East or Canada West in the Constitution Act, 1867, nor in the predecessor legislation, the Union Act, 1840. They were simply administrative regions in the Province of Canada, without their own legislatures. All local laws were passed by the Parliament of the Province of Canada. The reference in this article therefore should be to Quebec and Ontario being formed from the old Province of Canada. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 15:22, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Correct Province of Canada was created by the Act of Union 1840 ..replaced the separation of the old Upper and Lower Canada or newly named East-West .-- Moxy 🍁 15:29, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

KCMG
I cannot find any reliable source supporting the claim that John A. was a KCMG. Many sources cite KCB in 1867, which later (in 1884 according to the Dictionary of Canadian Biography) was upgraded to GCB, but no mention to St. Michael and St. George. He is also not in the list of Canadian members of the order (where you can find Tupper and Abbot but the only Macdonald is Donald Alexander). Can anybody shed a light on this issue? --Deinocheirus (talk) 00:24, 9 December 2019 (UTC)
 * It was added by an IP years ago. I've removed it. DrKay (talk) 09:11, 14 December 2019 (UTC)

Confederation vs federation.
The Dominion of Canada has never been a confederation. It has always been a federation specifically aimed at absorbing anything non WASP.

Read the definition of both words. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.56.103.35 (talk) 19:29, 23 February 2020 (UTC)
 * That has generally been the term used for Canada. Most if not all of the sources use it.--Wehwalt (talk) 21:08, 23 February 2020 (UTC)

Page move
I see this is a FA that you had promoted and notice a recent page move. Wanted to check if the page move was appropriate and if you had seen it.  Kees08  (Talk)   20:27, 28 March 2020 (UTC)
 * I've seen it but it looks completely circular to me., can you explain what you were doing here?--Wehwalt (talk) 20:42, 28 March 2020 (UTC)

Last paragraph of introduction
I attempted an edit to fix three distinct problems I see in the current introduction last paragraph, when perhaps they should be discussed separately:

 * Only the Chinese Head Tax in Canada and the Canadian Pacific Railway Scandal criticisms are mentioned, when the article devotes considerable attention to criticisms of his handling of the North-West Rebellion and indigenous affairs in general
 * The language of "historical rankings have consistently placed Macdonald" does not make it clear that this statement currently only refers to surveys sent to selected academics and journalists by the popular interest magazine Maclean's, rather than widespread consensus or even multiple sources
 * The construct "He is criticized...However" implies to me that his placement in the rankings counterbalances or outweighs the criticisms of the previous sentence. I feel it is more neutral to have these statements stand alone, without the connector.

BrightVamp (talk) 17:00, 13 May 2020 (UTC)
 * On the first point, basically, you're recasting the language to be more negative in tone. The lede has been argued over enough that I feel what's there now carries general consensus and darkening the tone in such a way should be discussed. I.e., do we say everything he's been criticized for in the lede? On the second point, a statement on historical rankings seems fairly standard in president/prime minister articles, without the caveats you want to add. On your third, I'm fine with casting it in the way you propose.--Wehwalt (talk) 18:07, 13 May 2020 (UTC)
 * I looked at the 2016 Maclean's survey of 123 experts in Canadian political history (economists, journalists, political scientists, historians, and international relations scholars). Maclean's did a very good job--and the two professors who were in charge became journalists & followed up & reported serious answers. this is what news magazines do best. It compares well with the best American surveys of presidential scholars.  Rjensen (talk) 18:48, 13 May 2020 (UTC)
 * It sounds like the feeling is that having three criticisms in the last paragraph weights it too much towards critical? If so then the choice seems a little arbitrary - the article has a significant paragraph in Legacies and Memorials about criticism for his indigenous policies, and less than 50 words overall about the head tax. And when he is criticized in the present day, is the CPR scandal weighted as heavily? A search for "john a macdonald criticism" turns up plenty of mention of the chinese and indigenous policies (| National Post, | Globe & Mail), but not the CPR. His biographer emphasizes all three as quoted at the end: "he was responsible for the CPR scandal, the execution of Louis Riel, and for the head tax on Chinese workers"
 * That's great, it answers the question that is in my mind when I read a sentence in the passive voice like "he is rated one of the best prime ministers ever": by who? And ideally, why? What about adding, "By surveys of experts in Canadian political history" and possibly "for his key role in the formation of Canada." BrightVamp (talk) 12:29, 16 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Good idea--I added your phrase "surveys of experts in Canadian political history" . Rjensen (talk) 12:37, 16 May 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm OK with mentioning criticism of indigenous and racial along the lines you say, and deleting the Pacific scandal. I might add "and development" or "and unification" after "formation".--Wehwalt (talk) 12:42, 16 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Ok great. I have attempted the change, see what you think. BrightVamp (talk) 13:13, 16 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Good idea--I added your phrase "surveys of experts in Canadian political history" . Rjensen (talk) 12:37, 16 May 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm OK with mentioning criticism of indigenous and racial along the lines you say, and deleting the Pacific scandal. I might add "and development" or "and unification" after "formation".--Wehwalt (talk) 12:42, 16 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Ok great. I have attempted the change, see what you think. BrightVamp (talk) 13:13, 16 May 2020 (UTC)

@all It makes no sense to have the last paragraph. Since it is a matter of partisan opinion — Preceding unsigned comment added by UApirate33 (talk • contribs) 18:10, 8 June 2022 (UTC)

Statues toppling, defaced and removed
How is this a controversial edit? It is going on, even in Kingston, Macdonald's "hometown". I consider your reverts to be 3RR. Please justify. Alaney2k (talk) 02:23, 27 March 2021 (UTC)
 * I do not believe that it is WP:DUE in the lead given the scope of the article. Vaselineeeeeeee★★★ 02:24, 27 March 2021 (UTC)
 * I think it follows as an outcome of the criticism levelled against Macdonald. It's only one sentence, not too much to have mentioned and giving it too much weight. Alaney2k (talk) 02:33, 27 March 2021 (UTC)
 * The legacy section is large. The lead is a summary. Although your addition was one sentence, there are already two negative aspects and one positive aspect. That is enough given the scope of this FA. Vaselineeeeeeee★★★ 02:56, 27 March 2021 (UTC)
 * I agree with Vaselineeeeeeee. The lede is balanced as it stands. It gives the positive and the negative. No major change is needed.--Wehwalt (talk) 11:50, 27 March 2021 (UTC)
 * The list of removals, etc is getting a bit long so I've tried to consolidate them to the places actually associated with Macdonald. Possibly there is another article they can be fully set out in. My thought is that if they are not notable monuments per WP:GNG and are not from a place Macdonald either lived in or represented in parliament, we probably do not need to mention them.--Wehwalt (talk) 19:20, 19 June 2021 (UTC)

Rt Hon and PC
I'm afraid I did not understand your rationale for removing the PC. I reviewed the archived talk page you cited and didn't see anything on point. Could you elaborate, please? Thanks, Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 04:54, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
 * There were two issues there. First, the size of the postnoms, which was addressed in the page I cited. Second, the PC and Rt Hon. Either The Rt Hon is used as a prefix or PC is used as a suffix, but not both together. Hope this clears things up. -- Necrothesp (talk) 09:22, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I’m still not getting it, sorry. Why is there a limit on the number of title/honourifics that can be used? Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 13:14, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
 * It is simply convention (in the real world and on Wikipedia) that you only use Rt Hon before the name or PC after, otherwise you are indicating the honour twice. The only exception is peers who are also Privy Councillors, as the honorific Rt Hon is used for peers as well as Privy Councillors. -- Necrothesp (talk) 23:53, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid this is British practice only. In Canada PC is the first post-nominal after the name and always included. Atchom (talk) 02:12, 9 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Well, first off, a rule about usage that is tied to the peerage doesn't have any application in Canada. But second, I'm afraid Necrothesp is making a factual error.  Using Rt Hon and PC is not "indicating the honour twice", because there are two different honours here.  John A. was Rt Hon because he was sworn of Her Majesty's Privy Council in Britain.  He was PC because he was sworn of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.  Those are two separate bodies, indicated by the two separate honorifics. That difference was indicated in the links to Right Honourable and to PC, which Necrothesp appears not to have read before deleting. I see no reason why the British honorific should prevent the usage of the Canadian honorific for a completely separate position, so I will restore it. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 03:24, 9 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I've restored the PC link as it was prior to the edit, following the GCB. You mention that the PC always comes first.  Is that the case even for a personal honour such as a knighthood?  I don't know what the rules of precedence for honorifics should be, so please fix it if I've got it wrong. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 03:36, 9 April 2021 (UTC)

WP:URFA/2020
Hi and page watchers: I have reviewed this article as part of WP:URFA/2020, an initiative to review and improve articles promoted to featured article status before 2016. I think this article is in great shape, and I conducted a copyedit of this article while doing my review. I also made some changes to the article, which are noted below:

 * I did a copyedit of the article. Since this article is long, I also tried to remove unnecessary or off-topic prose. Please review my edits and ensure that I did not inadvertently change the meaning of anything. If someone is returned to the article, please note it below, but also be aware that I might subsequently ask, "Why is it important for someone reading Macdonald's biography to know this information?"
 * I did a huge trim of the Legacy section: It is hard with a controversial and infamous figure like Macdonald to determine what should stay in this section. I decided to stick with three themes: paragraph 1 is things named after Macdonald, paragraph 2 is his statues and their removals, and paragraph 3 is commentary on his policies and the removal of his biography by various groups. I am happy to discuss this section further below.
 * I put all dates in mdy format, per the hatnote at the top. I also separated the sources used in the article from the further reading to solve HarvRef errors.
 * I suggest that interested readers look at the sources in the further reading section and use them in the article. I think some higher-quality sources can be used to replace lower-quality sources used in the article.

Those are my notes. Feel free to ping me if you have any responses or questions. I also encourage editors to join the work at WP:URFA/2020 to help review older featured articles, or mark this article as "Satisfactory" at WP:URFA/2020B if you think it meets the featured article criteria. Z1720 (talk) 05:47, 22 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Returning to these notes, I think this article meets the FA criteria and marked it as satisfactory at URFA/2020. This article has been well maintained over the years, especially the biography section. If other editors agree, I hope they will mark this article as satisfactory as well. Z1720 (talk) 03:04, 7 January 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 January 2022
I request the change of grammar of: "downtown" instead of "in downtown", because downtown is already its own significance as the placement of the place is down-town. 64.114.222.205 (talk) 22:01, 27 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: I'm assuming you mean "in downtown" in the last paragraph of #Professional prominence, 1837–1843 (the sentence being Throughout the 1840s, Macdonald invested heavily in real estate, including commercial properties in downtown Toronto), in which case "in" is grammatically correct, as "in downtown Toronto" is a prepositional phrase and it doesn't make sense if you drop the preposition. If there's another usage I'm missing please reopen the request.  BelowTheSun  (T•C) 22:13, 27 January 2022 (UTC)

Split "Prime Minister of Canada" section?
Maybe we can split it into "Prime Minister of Canada (1867–1873)", "Opposition (1873–1878)", and "Prime Minister of Canada (1878–1891)"?

Including Opposition 1873–1878 in the Prime Minister section is incorrect.  Ak-eater06  (talk) 22:33, 8 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure that's better than what we have. Maybe renaming the section somehow?--Wehwalt (talk) 05:32, 9 May 2022 (UTC)

 * I'm not saying it's better, I'm saying it makes more sense as including Opposition in the "Prime Minister" section is incorrect.  Ak-eater06  (talk) 06:26, 9 May 2022 (UTC)

Section rename seems a good option. Current article section-subsection hierarchy is nice IMO. Crawdaunt (talk) 06:32, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
 * What about renaming "National Leader"?--Wehwalt (talk) 06:45, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I think "National leader" would work. Z1720 (talk) 12:56, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Why "National Leader"? That section includes his time as Opposition leader, not national leader. I heavily oppose this idea as all PM articles have "Prime Minister of Canada" as the name of their section and some may get confused.

 * I would actually prefer to keep it as it is right now rather than renaming it to National Leader.  Ak-eater06  (talk) 15:16, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I do struggle to see a good alternate section name. It is technically incorrect, but it gets the job done. Perhaps a subsection name change like changing:
 * Opposition, 1873–1878
 * to
 * Interlude as official opposition, 1873–1878 or Time as official opposition
 * or something like that? Can also be left as is. Just exploring possibilities. Crawdaunt (talk) 16:05, 9 May 2022 (UTC)

 * I think we should preserve the article structure there, as suggested by Crawdaunt, rather than have, possibly unnecessarily, three top-level sections, one of which (Opposition) would be relatively short. But I don't think it is too terrible to leave it as is. After all, the Mackenzie King prime minister section includes his time in opposition in 1926. No objection to adding years to the Opposition subsection, by the way--Wehwalt (talk) 16:08, 9 May 2022 (UTC)

The cultural genocides
I feel like you're burying the lead. The man attempted to commit cultural genocide against dozens of nations, yet it isn't even mentioned until the fourth paragraph. —Arctic Gnome (talk • contribs) 01:36, 30 July 2022 (UTC)
 * I think that if you look up this page, you will see that those negative aspects of Macdonald's career have been discussed and consensus reached in how to deal with them.--Wehwalt (talk) 01:51, 30 July 2022 (UTC)

Surname
Why is he referenced as Macdonald if he was born Mcdonald? Minilammas (talk) 08:34, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

 * WP:COMMONNAME--"Wikipedia does not necessarily use the subject's "official" name as an article title; it generally prefers the name that is most commonly used (as determined by its prevalence in a significant majority of independent, reliable English-language sources) as such names will usually best fit the five criteria listed above."--Wehwalt (talk) 12:04, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I am not familiar with every policy of the English Wikipedia yet so I didn't know. But thanks again for answering and correcting me. Minilammas (talk) 12:18, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Just by way of background, the "Mc/Mac" prefix in Scottish and some Irish names can be very fluid, depending on the time period and the person's own family background. A "Mc" name can be spelt "Mc", or "Mac", or sometimes even "M' ", and it may be referring to the same person in all three spellings.  It's only in the 20th century, in my experience, that the spelling of the Mc names solidified within families.  Since John A. was born in the early 19th century, when literacy rates weren't as high as they are now, it's quite possible that his family spelt it different ways at different times.  Or even that the minister who did the baptism mis-spelt it on the church's baptismal records and no-one noticed at the time, because the family emigrated to Upper Canada shortly afterwards. What is clear is that in Canada, he himself consistently used "Macdonald" (ac, lower-case d) throughout his political career, so Wikipedia uses that, as Wehwalt explains. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 15:29, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

Military service edits
It seems to me an awful lot of claimed information is being added here with very little verification. I'm not inclined to take much on faith so far as additions to this article go. I would revert to the last clean edit. Wehwalt (talk) 22:50, 2 April 2023 (UTC)

 * I have checked Creighton, "The Young Politician". There is no mention of the Bank Guard in it.  At pp. 47-48, Creighton refers to Macdonald as being in the local militia.  I have reverted all references to this supposed Bank guard, except for the one blockquote which was there prior to the recent edits.  As well, the editor has stated that Macdonald was appointed an ensign;  in fact, Creighton at p. 48 expressly states that Macdonald was not appointed an ensign, for reasons unknown.  The editor also refers to p. 43 of Creighton to support some of the material added about Macdonald's military service.  Page 43 is entirely about Macdonald's first major jury case, which began to get him attention as a coming barrister.  There is no mention at all on p. 43 of militia service.  Also deleted reference to the Patriot War in the infobox;  no mention in the article that Macdonald participated in the Patriot War as a soldier.
 * I know that we are to "assume good faith", but that is a rebuttable presumption. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 01:07, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Quite. I've reverted to the last clean edit. Earlier today, they edited Diefenbaker, which is the other Canadian PM article I watchlist, and I reverted because no source was cited. They've been editing other Canadian PM articles, I gather mostly concerning military service. I haven't looked at any of the others, though. Wehwalt (talk) 01:18, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Hello, yes I have been editing the military services of the PMs because they have been lacking completely. All the information is correct, coming from the militia muster rolls for Sir John, as well as from Francis John Blatherwick, a noted Canadian author and historian. He has gone in depth but has missed a few key pieces of information. For Sir John, the private letter blatantly states that he served at Montgomery's Tavern with the Bank Guard, and a simple search for John Macdonald on the Militia Rolls lists a Private John Macdonald in the Bank Guard in 1837. Some research and diligence will illustrate the truth of all the information I have added, to this PM and to the others. It is important that their military service is recognized. AxelRavera (talk) 12:35, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * See the above statement AxelRavera (talk) 12:56, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * No offense, but why were you using Creighton as a source when it didn't say what you said? And why should we take Blatherwick's word on things like his being an ensign over Creighton and likely others? As for the letters, see WP:PRIMARY. We would more likely take the word of a biographer over a primary source such as a letter unless we can show that the biographer did not have the advantage of seeing the letter you cite. Wehwalt (talk) 13:07, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Blatherwick's data seems to be self-published. Again, you are dismissing the statement of Creighton (for example) that Macdonald did not become an ensign and stating definitively that he did, based on primary source information. Wehwalt (talk) 13:14, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * You are correct, it was worded incorrectly as it should have been amended to read that he did not occupy the position of Ensign, it has since been corrected to agree with Creighton's statement. That does not change the other facts of his prior service. AxelRavera (talk) 13:23, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Another source used comes from a Masters Thesis from Redeemer University College and that source refers to Creighton in relation to Macdonald's service in the Frontenac Militia. Blatherwick simply refers to the Upper Canada Gazette from 1838 which states that Sir John was to be appointed an ensign but on that date had not taken the position. Primary source documents, when combined with facts from the original militia rolls, have much more credence than the biographer because the biographer did not focus on Sir John's military service so naturally he did not go in depth. All the information is correct and corroborated by facts from the militia lists. AxelRavera (talk) 13:19, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Could I ask you to add links to the works you are citing? Most 19th century books should be available online and a surprising number of 20th century, from the early part thereof. You add the link to the "url=" field. Wehwalt (talk) 13:50, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Also, you can't use a master's thesis as a source under most circumstances. Per WP:SCHOLARSHIP, "Masters dissertations and theses are considered reliable only if they can be shown to have had significant scholarly influence." Wehwalt (talk) 13:53, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * And if I was quoting the Thesis then yes you’d be correct however I used the footnotes, which are from reputable sources, from the Thesis relating to the primary source as well as to Creighton’s info on the Frontenac militia. As for the information on his service with the Bank Guards, that comes directly from the militia muster roll from December 1837. I assume that is reputable enough for you? If not then we truly have no good sources anywhere. AxelRavera (talk) 14:02, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Perhaps instead of regurgitating one biographers work, which is no doubt a good piece of work but does not do a deep dive into the little details of his military service because it is of little interest to him, you should do hours of research into the militia files and history of the Rebellion and utilize those multiple sources to understand Sir John’s full service. Simply saying “he was in the local militia like everyone was” is not good enough. You must tell the full story. AxelRavera (talk) 14:04, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Macdonald is a well-studied figure and has had several biographers. I would expect information available in readily-available primary sources (such as published militia lists) to be considered in one or another. Better to source to those. Wehwalt (talk) 14:08, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I would expect it too and yet it is not stated. Now they either did not look any deeper because they simply accepted “he was in the militia” and there was no need to add more research because the ready does not care, or they simply never came across it. You would think that if it is good enough to use a primary source that is cited in a secondary source it would be good enough to just cite the primary source. The facts of the matter are there, if you wish to remove it and not acknowledge his service during an early important Canadian battle then do so at your pleasure. Multiple sources not that Sir John served in the “local militia”, and he indeed served in two local militia regiments, the 3rd Frontenac and the Bank Guard. Multiple sources note that he marched to Toronto, he did, with the bank guard in December 1837. His own testimony from 1887 places him in Toronto, at Montgomery tavern, serving in the bank guard. Militia lists corroborate those facts. How can there be doubt still? He later worked on behalf of the commercial bank as his ties were already there from 1837. AxelRavera (talk) 14:15, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * For which source do you want the link? For any sources with links I have already provided them. AxelRavera (talk) 14:00, 4 April 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request
In the intro, in the sentence where it says William Lyon Mackenzie King served longer, please add a footnote that King did not serve consecutively. 2600:100C:A211:73E1:4973:FEAD:D6F4:620 (talk) 20:50, 5 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I don't see the point as Macdonald's tenure was also in nonconsecutive terms, and King's longest term was longer than Macdonald's longest (13 years to 12).--Wehwalt (talk) 20:56, 5 July 2023 (UTC)

Nationality
MOS:NATIONALITY states that "the opening paragraph should usually provide context for the activities that made the person notable." That includes mentioning the subject's nationality.

Every single other article on a Canadian prime minister, with the exception of John Diefenbaker's, mentions the subject's nationality in the opening sentence. That means this is one of only two articles out of 23 similar ones that deviate from Wikipedia standard practice.

Therefore, what justifies this?

If you want to argue it's because Macdonald was of British (Scottish) birth and that complicates his nationality, every other foreign-born prime minister (Mackenzie, Bowell, Turner) is listed as Canadian.

Unless a good reason is given, our standard policy should be to follow consensus and use consistent writing across all of our articles. This article is the exception, not the rule, to how nationality is addressed on Wikipedia. TheCelebrinator (talk) 11:46, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, I don't entirely take your point. Surely Prime Minister of Canada implies the holder being Canadian? To the extent there was a Canadian nationality at the time, of course, which there wasn't entirely which is why Bennett could go back and sit in the House of Lords. Why is a repetition even good writing? Why say "Canada" and "Canadian" in the same sentence if you don't need to? As for the other prime ministers, there are different ways of writing the lead sentence that comply with the MOS. The way you suggest is not required by the MOS, and MOS:REDUNDANCY urges us to "Keep redundancy to a minimum in the first sentence." It is redundant to say that a the prime minister of Canada is a Canadian politician. It might be better if you suggested a change to the MOS that yielded the uniformity that you seek. Wehwalt (talk) 12:54, 8 September 2023 (UTC)
 * It's important to keep consistency across all articles. If the vast majority of Wikipedia articles follow the same writing style, then it follows that this should be the norm for all other articles, unless, as I've said, there is a good reason for an exception.
 * MOS:REDUNDANCY does not list political leaders as an exception to listing their nationalities. It's entirely baseless to claim that listing a politician's nationality would be 'redundant' as plenty of other world leaders, such as Gandhi, Julius Caesar, Napoleon, etc., etc., are listed by their nationality. If this was really so redundant, most articles on Wikipedia would be considered incorrect.
 * What is, however, in the MOS is MOS:BIOFIRSTSENTENCE, where nationality is listed as one of the main things should feature in the first sentence of a biography. Therefore, unless there's a good reason not to do so, this article shouldn't be an exception to a widely followed guideline on Wikipedia. TheCelebrinator (talk) 00:02, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * If you notice under MOS:BIOFIRSTSENTENCE, the first two examples do not follow the form of words that you would have. The Prime Minister of Canada is perforce Canadian. Accordingly, the nationality is presented. Wehwalt (talk) 01:06, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Cleopatra was a monarch, and monarchs, be they Egyptian Queens, British Kings or Chinese Emperors are usually referred to not by their nationality, but by their title (eg: "King of Spain"). As Macdonald was an elected official, and not a monarch, the comparison does not apply here.
 * Petrarch did not live in the modern nation-state of Italy, so his nationality is more complicated. At any rate, most of his relative contemporaries, like Dante Alighieri, Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo are listed as Italian. Petrarch, therefore, is not the rule, but the exception, and Macdonald, unlike Petrarch, did live in a nation called "Canada" in his lifetime.
 * I remind you that nearly every other article on the other Canadian prime ministers lists the subject's nationality in the opening sentence. You might personally think that's redundant, but over 90% of the other articles follow the same structure. Inconsistency is not a mark of good writing and certainly not of good encyclopedic content. TheCelebrinator (talk) 01:25, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Yet the two that don't have your favored phrasing happen to be the two that have passed through formal review processes and are featured articles. In other words, they are the ones that other editors have looked at with a critical eye. That carries rather more weight than a change made that no one bothers to revert.
 * The first sentence as it stands contains the necessary information on nationality. It satisfies the MOS, as actually it had to to pass WP:FAC. The "consistency" you suggest is irrelevant to the reader, who only wants information and does not go from article to article comparing phrases. Wehwalt (talk) 01:39, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Featured article status does not mean that the article is perfect, as editors are still enoucraged to edit and improve it. It certainly does not mean that the article is exempt from basic encyclopedic mistakes like featuring multiple red links in the article on the Rhodesia Information Centre. It only means that the article was evaluated to be, at point, amongst the best articles Wikipedia has to offer.
 * Obviously, as I've shown, this doesn't mean the article is necessarily flawless, even if it passes WP:FAC. Wikipedia operates by WP:CONSENSUS. If the current consensus is to follow a certain writing guideline, that's what should be the standard across all articles, unless there be a valid exception. As far as I could tell, this article was granted FA status a dozen years ago, so it would make sense that writing guidelines since then, and thus the consensus behind it, would have changed with time.
 * And FYI, as editors on Wikipedia, our mission should be to make the reader's experience as enjoyable and as streamlined as possible. This means that presentation is just as important as information, and neglecting that because a reader wouldn't "go from article to article comparing phrases" is doing this encyclopedia a disservice. Overall quality should never just be a mere afterthought. TheCelebrinator (talk) 02:19, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * There is no such thing as consensus across articles, except as set forth in the Manual of Style, and even that is to be used with common sense and is subject to IAR exceptions. You jump from point to point, here saying that because other articles that have never been reviewed follow a certain practice, that all articles should, but except where there is policy, consensus is found in individual articles, not because someone edited somewhere else and no one reverted. If there was a consensus that an article appear in this manner, it would be in Manual of Style, and it isn't. Only half of the examples in the MOS for the provision you cited follow the phrasing you would like, so it is clearly not mandated or part of project-wide consensus. It is for you to build consensus in individual articles, not to point elsewhere. Wehwalt (talk) 13:31, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Also, regarding your point that there may be an old consensus, the choice of language at John Diefenbaker, the other article you complain of, is from December 2021. Wehwalt (talk) 13:38, 9 September 2023 (UTC)
 * First, the usage of the term 'complaining' is pejorative and a loaded term. It's not at all appropriate in a civil, reasonable discussion. Respect is owed to everyone arguing in good-faith.
 * Second, I am basing my argument on the fact that nearly every other article, and you can cross-check with other articles on foreign political leaders if you'd like, uses the same, consistent choice of phrasing that mentions the subject's nationality in addition to the office held.
 * Case in point:
 * "Joe Biden is an American politician who is the current and 46th president of the United States..."
 * "Xi Jinping is a Chinese politician who has been serving as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party..."
 * "Fumio Kishida is a Japanese politician serving as prime minister of Japan..."
 * And so on and so forth. That's the current (as in, not from c. 2010) consensus. It's also the current consensus for Canadian prime ministers, as 21/23 articles also mention nationality. I am thus objecting to the non-standard wording found in this article.
 * The Diefenbaker article appears to have used that choice of wording, as you put it, since at least 2011, not 2021, as you wrote, further confirming my point.
 * Link to this revision from November 2011.
 * Anyways, as I've already written to you, I've asked for a 3O opinion on this, so for now, let's just wait for that. TheCelebrinator (talk) 02:08, 10 September 2023 (UTC)
 * No offense was meant with "complained", please read it to mean "concerned about".
 * And I think you'll find you are mistaken about Diefenbaker, see Talk:John Diefenbaker this RFC] from December 2021
 * I am still of the opinion you are incorrect. That being said, it isn't worth my time, so I've taken the liberty of editing the lede. Wehwalt (talk) 13:06, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

I've reverted the edit. Citizenship and nationality is complicated for people born in or immigrants to British North America before Confederation, and this is a featured article. We need a better source for this than someone's assertion that "all prime ministers are Canadian". If there's no source for Macdonald's nationality then it's fine to leave out, regardless of what's said in the biographies of people who are not Macdonald. As Wehwalt said, Macdonald's nationality and heritage are adequately described in the lede's second paragraph. Ivanvector (Talk/Edits) 14:26, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Nine of Canada's first prime ministers (pre-Meighen) were born pre-Confederation. There is no dispute that Macdonald, along with the other eight prime ministers, were Canadian, since their nationality in the lede, including for those foreign-born PMs, is listed as Canadian. Wehwalt has also acknowledged that being "Prime Minister of Canada implies the holder being Canadian." TheCelebrinator (talk) 21:08, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 January 2024
Change "On June 18, 2021, following the discovery of 215 unmarked graves at the Kamloops Indian Residential School" to "On June 18, 2021, following the alleged discovery of 215 unmarked graves at the Kamloops Indian Residential School" 2001:56A:7A09:E00:AD06:9F6A:79F9:F864 (talk) 18:42, 8 January 2024 (UTC)
 * The source at the end of the sentence supports the current wording. DrKay (talk) 20:05, 8 January 2024 (UTC)

Red River RESISTANCE
Hey, there's an error on this page. The Red River Rebellion doesn't exist, it's a misnomer of two separate conflicts; the Red River Resistance, which was before Manitoba officially became part of Canada and was fought at and near the Red River Settlement which is now named Winnipeg; and the Northwest Rebellion at Batoche. This conflict was also led by Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont, but 15 years later, after Riel's exile.

Red River wasn't a rebellion because it wasn't part of Canada yet. 170.253.105.132 (talk) 01:03, 13 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:John A. Macdonald


text:
Fader

Fader may refer to:

 * Fader (audio engineering), a device for gradually increasing or decreasing the level of an audio signal

Music

 * "Fader" (song), by the Temper Trap, 2009
 * Fader Label, an American independent record label
 * The Faders, a British female pop rock band 2004–06
 * "Fader", a song by Paradise Lost from their 2001 album Believe in Nothing

Other uses

 * Fader (surname)
 * The Fader, an American music, culture, and fashion publication

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fader


text:
NWT

NWT can mean:
 * New World Telecommunications, an Asian telecommunications company
 * The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, Jehovah's Witnesses' translation of the Bible
 * Net Worth Tax or Net Wealth Tax, a levy based on the aggregate value of all household assets
 * Norfolk Wildlife Trust
 * North West Telecom, telecommunications company serving northwestern Russia
 * North West Tonight, the local BBC news broadcast for North West England
 * Northwest Territories, a territory of Canada
 * Nya Wermlands-Tidningen, a local newspaper published in Värmland, Sweden

title: NWT


text:
Talk:Performance rights organisation

requested addition
This article fails to mention Global Music Rights, a performance rights organization in the USA. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kellybk (talk • contribs) 14:03, 12 June 2015 (UTC)

dups copyright collective?
NO. It does not duplicate copyright collective. A copyright collective or a rights collecting agency is the more general category, performance rights organizations only collect in the performing arts, copyright collectives collect for any copyright, copyright collectives (or the variety of other names they are known by can collect for a variety of types of copyright, see, i.e. access copyright and photocopying.  Technically the performance right is distinct from the right to copy a work, though it is a subset of the basket of rights known generally as copyright.  Alex756

As far as I am aware, at least in the UK, the CCLI is only required for photocoping of certain music and words, including making slides for OHPs. The performance part of religious music within services is free from any need for licences.Zeth

POV, POV, POV.
What the H? Firstly, excessive superlatives are used. 'wealth of advantages', 'enormous advantages'. The criticism section uses other POV adjectives like 'laughably' and 'depressingly'.

 * 'Large users, such as broadcasters, are well-represented by very capable lawyers in hearings before rate-setting tribunals and exert unceasing efforts to erode the rights and earnings of creators and music publishers. Similarly, they lobby intensively with legislatures in all countries to create "exemptions" to allow them to use music without paying. This battle will go on as long as people both value music and dislike paying.'

 * 'That some users, unwilling to pay for what they use, would condemn the actions of collectives as being heavy-handed or choose to malign collectives as "cartels" is understandable. Yelling is cheaper than paying.'

... Joffeloff 22:03, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Ai-yi-yi. I made a first pass at editing the first section for NPOV; it still needs significant work. The "criticisms" section is largely composed of strawman arguments; I started to edit and gave up for now. Still needs significant work--the entire section is riddled with NPOV. LQ 20:31, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

It's still horribly POV. dcandeto 08:43, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Since performing rights organizations only collect royalties as specified by copyright law, most of this section is actually a criticism of copyright law rather than of performing rights organizations. Additionally, the author seems not to understand copyright law since this text refers multiple times to using copyrighted material without direct profit, which has limited relevance to copyright infringement cases (AFAIK it can affect the amount of damages awarded, but not the judgment of infringement), and offers a "free publicity" argument, which is totally irrelevant. I won't presume to delete this section, but I will offer the opinion that it offers misleading information and is out of place in this article. ArloLeach (talk) 18:47, 15 April 2014 (UTC)

Still very POV. Mickwalsh (talk) 05:52, 21 December 2015 (UTC)

Merge tag
There doesn't seem to have been serious discussion of this, difference between the two needs clarifying if there really is a difference other than terminology. In ictu oculi (talk) 01:50, 24 November 2012 (UTC)

Requested move 03 May 2014

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. On a headcount, there is only a slight (3–2) edge for the opposers, but WP:NOTAVOTE. What matters is how well-founded the arguments are in policy, and both spellings are acceptable per MOS:ENGVAR, so MOS:RETAIN applies. That strength of policy-based argument amounts to a consensus to not move. -- Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 15:04, 10 May 2014 (UTC)

Performance rights organisation → Performance rights organization – spelling 24.224.64.67 (talk) 06:12, 3 May 2014 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's policy on article titles.

 * Oppose. No reason nor consensus to always use American English. Coreyemotela (talk) 12:41, 3 May 2014 (UTC).
 * Oppose, per MOS:ENGVAR and MOS:RETAIN. No valid reason given to change the existing spelling. Zarcadia (talk) 13:00, 3 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Support: Actually, the situation is not as simple as it appears from the above comments in regard to WP:ENGVAR. The content of the article seems to primarily use "-ize" variants, so the title doesn't match the content. The article contains 8 occurrences of "organization" and 4 of "criticize", and does not contain any instances of "organisation" and only one of "criticise". Changing the spelling of one word in the article title and one word in the body is one legitimate way to fix that, and is arguably a smaller change than to change the spelling of 12 words within it. It may also be worth pointing out that Oxford spelling should not be characterised as "American English" (see, WP:IZE and American and British English spelling differences). —BarrelProof (talk) 17:17, 3 May 2014 (UTC)
 * A dangerous precedent, though, inviting fait accompli violations of RETAIN. --BDD (talk) 18:33, 6 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I think that depends on whether the content of the article was always primarily using "-ize" or was previously primarily using "-ise". I didn't review the history. I believe the WP:RETAIN guideline says that the variant used in the first non-stub version should be considered the default. —BarrelProof (talk) 00:28, 9 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Yes, this is an ENGVAR issue. While "-ize" may be an acceptable variant in British English, "-ise" is most definitely the modern standard and we have generally adopted it as such on Wikipedia. In addition, it seems to me that the proposer has probably misunderstood that English Wikipedia is not American Wikipedia and the proposal is therefore a fallacious one from the outset, as the only reason he has given is "spelling", implying that the spelling of the title is incorrect, which it clearly is not. The spelling within the article is irrelevant. It should be adjusted to the spelling of the title, not vice versa. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:59, 7 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Support The Oxford English Dictionary lists "-ize" as the primary spelling. "-ise" is most certainly not the modern standard. 24.224.64.67 (talk) 18:11, 7 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Note that first this is the proposer and should not really be counted towards support, and secondly, in this instance the OED does not trump other spellings. See Oxford spelling. "-ise" most certainly is the norm in modern British English, used in most British publications, and is the norm in British English articles on Wikipedia. But in any case, WP:RETAIN applies, since either spelling is perfectly correct English. -- Necrothesp (talk) 12:06, 8 May 2014 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Any additional comments:

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Postscript: Since the -ise spelling variation has prevailed in the RM discussion, I have changed the content of the article to match the spelling variation used in the title. —BarrelProof (talk) 16:07, 10 May 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 24 September 2015
Performing Rights Organization

96.35.35.92 (talk) 17:44, 24 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Written in British English, so "organisation" is correct. See above. -- Necrothesp (talk) 20:00, 24 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Padlock-olive-arrow2.svg Not done: page move requests should be made at Requested moves. Although I doubt that it would be successful, requesting a move is done thataway. -- Orduin  Discuss 20:05, 24 September 2015 (UTC)

Criticisms section

 * Citation 1 is incorrect. Article does not contain quote.

 * At least 4 other citations are needed in this section.

 * The quote: "One exception to the rule allows businesses of a certain size...." pertains ONLY to US businesses. Not applicable in other territories (UK and Aus at least).Mickwalsh (talk) 06:11, 21 December 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 15 March 2018
Musicfunfact (talk) 22:33, 15 March 2018 (UTC) *Pro Music Rights (U.S.)

}} Musicfunfact (talk) 22:33, 15 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Sak ura Cart elet Talk 23:46, 15 March 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 17 May 2018
Pro Music Rights A Public Performance Rights society in the USA Musicfunfact (talk) 00:00, 18 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. L293D (☎ • ✎) 01:10, 18 May 2018 (UTC)

Pro Music Rights should be removed from the list of North American PROs. 28 Feb 2019
The only evidence this company exists is their website which is very unclear about what they actually do. , or their own press releases which make unverified claims. A Wikipedia page they had submitted themselves a few months ago was deleted for these reasons. (See recent history for this article) 78.144.77.223 (talk) 10:52, 28 February 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 9 May 2019
Reference to link on Tolling spelled Trolling. SJASoc (talk) 08:47, 9 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done NiciVampireHeart 08:53, 9 May 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 December 2019
added to USA Performance rights organisation list Pro Music Rights Music Publisher s (talk) 01:33, 23 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Not done, does not have an article here on Wikipedia. See also WP:COI. – Thjarkur (talk) 02:33, 23 December 2019 (UTC)

Alternative spellings
An editor has been repeatedly introducing alternative spellings, such as in this edit. Like Necrothesp, I believe this is unnecessary and unhelpful and contrary to the established Wikipedia guidance. I believe readers of English are generally capable of interpreting minor differences of spelling and that this article does not need any special treatment. —BarrelProof (talk) 18:31, 10 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Originally this editor tried to change the primary spelling of the article to "organization". When I reverted this they alleged that I was "making unproductive changes that shuts out global facts as they want to exclude the proper spelling in US and other PRO organizations". They do not appear to understand the principles of WP:ENGVAR or WP:RETAIN. I agree that it is not productive to note minor spelling differences like this. -- Necrothesp (talk) 09:29, 11 February 2020 (UTC)

Recommend stubbing out "organizatons" list
I recommend keeping just the pointers to List of copyright collection societies and Category:Copyright collection societies and possibly a list of government-agencies or government-sanctioned monopolies if they exist.

In the alternative, remove all organizations that do not have articles or are not "valid" red-links. That is, remove all organizations that do not qualify to have a Wikipedia article. davidwr/ (talk)/(contribs)  16:18, 3 March 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 November 2021
Incomplete list of Canadian PRO's

Add ACTRA RACS Northsideresids (talk) 02:30, 23 November 2021 (UTC)
 * ❌, see WP:WTAF. ◢  Ganbaruby!   (talk) 05:15, 23 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Performance rights organisation


text:
Rare (company)

Rare Limited is a British video game developer and a studio of Xbox Game Studios based in Twycross, Leicestershire. Rare's games span the platform, first-person shooter, action-adventure, fighting, and racing genres. Its most popular games include the Battletoads, Donkey Kong, and Banjo-Kazooie series, as well as games like GoldenEye 007 (1997), Perfect Dark (2000), Conker's Bad Fur Day (2001), Viva Piñata (2006), and Sea of Thieves (2018).

Tim and Chris Stamper, who also founded Ultimate Play the Game, established Rare in 1985. During its early years, Rare was backed by a generous budget from Nintendo, primarily concentrated on Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) games. During this time, Rare created successful games such as Wizards & Warriors (1987), R.C. Pro-Am (1988), and Battletoads (1991). Rare became a prominent second-party developer for Nintendo, which came to own a large minority stake in the company, with the release of Donkey Kong Country (1994). Throughout the 1990s, Rare started selling their games under the trademark name "Rareware" and received international recognition and critical acclaim for games such as the Donkey Kong Country series, Killer Instinct (1994), GoldenEye 007, Banjo-Kazooie (1998), Perfect Dark (2000), and Conker's Bad Fur Day (2001).

In 2002, Microsoft acquired Rare, which retained its original brand, logo, and most intellectual properties. Rare has since focused on developing games exclusively for Microsoft's video game consoles, including Grabbed by the Ghoulies (2003), Kameo (2005), Perfect Dark Zero (2005), and Viva Piñata (2006). In 2007, the Stampers left Rare to pursue other opportunities and, in 2010, the company's focus shifted to the Xbox Live Avatar and Kinect, releasing three Kinect Sports games. In 2015, Rare developed Rare Replay, an Xbox One-exclusive compilation containing 30 of its games to celebrate its 30th anniversary. Rare's most recent game, Sea of Thieves, was released in 2018.

Several former Rare employees have formed their own companies, such as Free Radical Design, best known for producing the TimeSplitters series, and Playtonic Games, best known for Yooka-Laylee (2017). Rare is widely acknowledged in the video game industry and has received numerous accolades from critics and journalists. Rare is also known as a secretive and seclusive studio. Several Rare games, such as Donkey Kong Country and GoldenEye 007, have been cited as among the greatest and most influential games of all time, though some fans and former employees have been critical of the company's output under Microsoft.

Founding (1985–1993)
Rare evolved from the company Ultimate Play the Game, which was founded in Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire by former arcade game developers Tim and Chris Stamper. After multiple critically and commercially successful releases including Jetpac, Atic Atac, Sabre Wulf, and Knight Lore, Ultimate Play The Game was one of the biggest UK-based video game development companies. The ZX Spectrum home computer, the platform the company usually developed games for, was only popular in the UK, and they believed that working on that platform would not be beneficial to the company's growth as they considered it a "dead end". Meanwhile, the company inspected an imported console from Japan, the Famicom, and believed that it would be an ideal future platform of choice for the company as it was more sophisticated than the Spectrum, it had a worldwide market, and its cartridges had no load times. As a result, Rare was established in 1985. Its main goal was to reverse-engineer the console and investigate the codes for Famicom's games to learn more about the console's programming. With successful results, the company decided to sell the Ultimate brand to U.S. Gold, and ceased game development for the ZX Spectrum in the following year.

The Famicom's manufacturer, Nintendo, claimed that it was impossible to reverse engineer the console. Using the information the Ultimate Play the Game team acquired from Rare, the team prepared several tech demos and showed them to the Nintendo executive Minoru Arakawa in Kyoto. Impressed with their efforts, Nintendo decided to grant the Ultimate Play the Game team an unlimited budget for them to work on games for the Famicom platform. After they returned to England, they moved from Ashby-de-la-Zouch to Twycross, and established a new studio through Rare. They set their headquarters in a Manor Farmhouse. Rare also set up another company known as Rare, Inc., in Miami, Florida. Headed by Joel Hochberg, the American company was involved in maintaining Rare's operation in the US and contacting major US publishers. Hochberg was previously the vice president of American arcade manufacturer Centuri. The Famicom was eventually released in North America and Europe under the name Nintendo Entertainment System (NES).

With the unlimited budget, Rare could work a large variety of different games. The first project Rare worked on was Slalom, a downhill skiing game. The company then worked with various gaming publishers that included Tradewest, Acclaim Entertainment, Electronic Arts, Sega, Mindscape, and Gametek to produce over 60 games for the NES and several additional Game Boy conversions. They helped in creating new and original intellectual properties, including R.C. Pro-Am, a racing game with vehicular combat elements, and Snake Rattle 'n' Roll, an action platform game with Tim Stamper developing the game's graphics. Rare also developed Battletoads, a beat'em up inspired by the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles franchise. The game became known for its extreme difficulty, and upon seeing success, publisher Tradewest published multiple ports for the game, and tasked Rare to develop sequels. Tradewest also gave their own Double Dragon licence to Rare, allowing them to develop a crossover game between the two franchises. Rare released three Battletoads games in 1993, including Battletoads / Double Dragon: The Ultimate Team, Battletoads in Ragnarok's World and Battletoads in Battlemaniacs. The last Battletoads game from that era was released for the arcade in 1994. Several Battletoads games were also ported to some Sega's systems like the Mega Drive/Genesis.

Rare worked on licensed properties such as A Nightmare on Elm Street and Hollywood Squares, and ports including Marble Madness, Narc, and Sid Meier's Pirates!. The development of four of Rare's games were outsourced to Zippo Games, including Wizards & Warriors and the third instalment of the Jetpac series, Solar Jetman: Hunt for the Golden Warship. Rare eventually acquired Zippo Games and renamed them to Rare Manchester. According to Ste Pickford, a Rare team member through the late 80s and the early 90s, Rare just "wanted to make as many games as they could in their 'window of opportunity'". The huge library of games made large profits, but none became a critical success for the company while less creativity and innovation were shown in them.

When the Super Nintendo Entertainment System was conceived, Rare was not yet ready for the change. Rare limited their releases to some Battletoads games and decided to invest their significant NES profit in purchasing expensive Silicon Graphics workstations to make three-dimensional models. This move made Rare the most technologically advanced developer in the UK, and situated them high in the international market. Their priority also changed at that time, as the team decided to focus on quality instead of quantity.

Partnership with Nintendo (1994–2002)
Rare, using the SGI systems, created a boxing game demo and presented it to Nintendo. As the SNES at that time could not render all of the SGI graphics at once, Rare used the SGI graphics to produce 3D models and graphics, before pre-rendering these graphics onto the cartridge of the SNES system, a process known as "Advanced Computer Modelling". Their progress with the 3D graphics on the SGI systems impressed Nintendo, and in 1994, Nintendo bought a 25% stake in the company that gradually increased to 49%, making Rare a second-party developer for Nintendo. Rare maintained autonomous operations, green-lighting and designing projects without significant involvement from Nintendo.

During this period, Rare started selling their games under the trademark name "Rareware". The company was considered one of Nintendo's key developers and had enough recognition that Nintendo offered Rare the Nintendo catalogue of characters to create a 3D CGI game. The Stampers asked for Donkey Kong. The resulting game was Donkey Kong Country, which was developed by a total of 20 people and enjoyed an 18-month development cycle. Rare staff also visited Twycross Zoo, observing and videotaping real gorillas. The game was a critical success, with critics praising the game's highly advanced visuals and artstyle. Donkey Kong Country sold over nine million copies worldwide, making it the third best-selling game in the SNES library. The game received several Game of the Year honours and was followed by two sequels, Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest and Donkey Kong Country 3: Dixie Kong's Double Trouble!, as well as several handheld spin-offs such as the Donkey Kong Land series.

Nintendo's stake purchase allowed Rare to expand significantly. The number of staff members increased from 84 to 250, and Rare moved out from their headquarters at the Manor Farmhouse. Rare also developed a CGI arcade fighting game, Killer Instinct, on their own custom-built arcade machine. Killer Instinct was set to be released for Nintendo's own 64-bit system, the Nintendo 64 in 1995, but was forced to release the game for the 16-bit SNES system, and had to downgrade the game's graphics. Killer Instinct sold 3.2 million copies, and was followed by a sequel, Killer Instinct 2. Killer Instinct Gold, the console version of Killer Instinct 2, suffered from a graphical downgrade due to the compression technology used to fit the arcade version onto the smaller Nintendo 64 cartridge.

Rare then developed Blast Corps for the Nintendo 64. The game sold one million copies, which was considered disappointing by Rare. At that time, Rare was split into several teams, working on different projects. A large-scaled platformer was set to be released afterwards but was delayed. As a result, Rare changed their schedule and released their smaller projects first. The first project was GoldenEye 007, a game based on the James Bond film GoldenEye. The project was led by Martin Hollis and development was conducted by an inexperienced team. Inspired by Sega's Virtua Cop, Goldeneye 007 had originally been an on-rails shooter before the team decided to expand the gameplay and turn it into a free-roaming first-person shooter. New elements, such as stealth, headshot mechanics and reloading, were introduced. A split-screen multiplayer was added to the game by the end of its development. GoldenEye 007 was the first console first-person shooter developed by Rare and it was released two years after the release of the film. The game received critical praise and received numerous awards. Goldeneye 007 remained one of the best-selling games for two years, and sold more than eight million units worldwide.

Rare then developed Diddy Kong Racing, their first self-published game. Originally intended as a real-time strategy game involving cavemen, the game was re-imagined into a racing game prior to its release in 1997. It was one of the fastest selling games at the time, as recorded by The Guinness Book of Records. Diddy Kong Racing also features protagonists from some future Rare games, including Banjo and Conker. At the time, Rare was still working on the large-scale platform game. Originally codenamed Dream: Land of Giants, it was a game featuring a young boy named Edison and pirates. The protagonist was then replaced by a bear known as Banjo, and Rare expanded the role of Kazooie the bird. The two characters were inspired by characters from Walt Disney Animation Studios films and Rare hoped that they could appeal to a younger audience. Banjo-Kazooie was released in June 1998 to critical acclaim. A sequel, Banjo-Tooie, was released in 2000. It was a critical success and it outsold the first game, selling 3 million copies.

Upon the completion of Banjo-Kazooie's development, Hollis immediately began another project. Originally set to be a tie-in for Tomorrow Never Dies, Rare was significantly outbid by another publisher, forcing Rare to develop a new concept with new characters. With a major emphasis on lighting, the game was named Perfect Dark. Hollis left Rare for Nintendo 14 months after the start of Perfect Dark's development. Around the same time, numerous employees left the company and formed new studios. With major project leads departing, a new team took over its development and diminished the role of lighting in the game, making it a more straightforward first-person shooter. The game's troubled development did not affect the progress of Rare's other teams. When Perfect Dark was still in development, Rare released two other games, Jet Force Gemini and Donkey Kong 64. In 1999, Nintendo signed an agreement with Disney, and assigned Rare to develop several racing and adventure games featuring Mickey Mouse. The project later became Mickey's Speedway USA and Mickey's Racing Adventure. Perfect Dark eventually resurfaced and it was released in 2000 to critical acclaim. The game sold approximately 2 million copies.

Conker the Squirrel also had his own game, originally named Conker's Quest. It was later renamed Twelve Tales: Conker 64; however, the new game was criticised for being too family-friendly and too similar to Banjo-Kazooie. As a result, the team renamed the game Conker's Bad Fur Day and it was re-revealed in 2000. Conker's Bad Fur Day, unlike Banjo-Kazooie, was intended for a mature audience, and features violence, profanity and scatological humour. The game received positive reviews from critics, but was a commercial failure as the game was released at the end of the Nintendo 64's life cycle and was not actively promoted by Nintendo due to its crude content.

After the completion of Diddy Kong Racing, another team was working on a new game known as Dinosaur Planet for the Nintendo 64. However, Nintendo Senior Managing Director Shigeru Miyamoto suggested the team redesign the game as part of the Star Fox series for Nintendo's new console, the GameCube. Unlike previous Star Fox games, Star Fox Adventures focuses on ground-based, open world exploration. The game received positive reviews upon its launch in 2002. Star Fox Adventures was the only game developed by Rare for the GameCube.

Microsoft era (2002–present)
Game development costs gradually increased, and Nintendo did not provide Rare with more capital nor did they purchase the company's remaining stake. The Stampers were surprised that Nintendo did not directly acquire the studio. Rare looked for potential buyers. In early 2000, workers from Activision and Microsoft began visiting Rare with purchase offers. According to Microsoft's Ed Fries, Nintendo, Activision, and Microsoft then became embroiled in a bidding war for ownership of Rare. Rare expressed interest in Activision's offer, but Microsoft offered more money. On 24 September 2002, Microsoft purchased Rare for $375 million (~$ in ). Rare became a first-party developer for Microsoft's Xbox. Character trademarks from games developed by Rare for Nintendo consoles, such as Conker of Conker's Bad Fur Day and Banjo of the Banjo-Kazooie series, were retained by Rare; intellectual property created by Nintendo, such as Donkey Kong and Star Fox, were retained by Nintendo. This left Donkey Kong Racing, due for release for the GameCube, unreleased. 30 employees left Rare during the transition.

Since Microsoft was not part of the handheld video-game console market, Rare continued to develop games for Nintendo handheld consoles after the acquisition. In August 2003, Rare and Microsoft entered an agreement with THQ for THQ to publish Rare's games for the Game Boy Advance, including Sabre Wulf, a game based on an Ultimate character; Banjo-Kazooie: Grunty's Revenge, initially intended as a Game Boy Color game and It's Mr. Pants!, a puzzle game originally developed as Donkey Kong: Coconut Crackers. January 2005 saw the completion of this deal with the release of Banjo-Pilot, known as Diddy Kong Pilot before the Microsoft acquisition.

In 2003, Rare released their first Microsoft game, Grabbed by the Ghoulies, a humorous action-adventure game set in a haunted mansion full of supernatural creatures. Originally intended as a free-roaming game, it was significantly streamlined in design and concept to attract a larger, more casual audience. The game received mixed reviews from critics, and was considered Rare's worst and least-popular game. At E3 2004, Microsoft's Ken Lobb said that Rare had obtained Nintendo DS development kits and was working on two games for the Nintendo DS. Shortly afterwards, Microsoft issued a statement that the company and its studios had no plans for Nintendo DS development. However, in July 2005, Rare posted job openings for Nintendo DS development on its website and said that it was creating "key" DS games. Only two were ever released, with the first one being Diddy Kong Racing DS, a remake of the Nintendo 64 title Diddy Kong Racing which was released in February 2007, and the second being Viva Piñata: Pocket Paradise, a life simulation game, released on September 2008. Both games support the Nintendo DS Rumble Pak.

Rare released Conker: Live & Reloaded, a remake of Conker's Bad Fur Day, in 2005 with updated graphics and a reworked multiplayer option. The game received generally favourable reviews but, similar to Bad Fur Day, was a commercial failure. Xbox successor Xbox 360 was released in 2005, and two of its launch games were developed by Rare: Perfect Dark Zero and Kameo: Elements of Power. Zero, a prequel to the first Perfect Dark, was originally intended for GameCube before its redesign as an Xbox 360 game. Rare removed several features to meet the game's release deadline in 2005. Kameo: Elements of Power was also intended for the GameCube. A new intellectual property, in it the player character shape-shifts to solve puzzles. Although both received generally positive reviews from critics and sold more than a million copies, they were considered disappointments.

In 2006, the company released Viva Piñata, a game involving gardening. Incorporating elements of several franchises including The Sims, Animal Crossing, and Harvest Moon, it was acclaimed as innovative. The game's commercial performance was a disappointment, however, and some Rare team members questioned Microsoft Studios' large marketing budget for Gears of War and its relative neglect of Viva Piñata. On 2 January 2007, Rare founders Chris and Tim Stamper left the company to "pursue other opportunities". Former lead designer Gregg Mayles became Rare's creative director and Mark Betteridge the company's studio director. That year saw the release of Jetpac Refuelled, a remake of Jetpac for Xbox Live Arcade.

Rare unveiled work on Xbox Live avatars, Viva Piñata: Trouble in Paradise (the next game in the Viva Piñata  series), and Banjo-Kazooie: Nuts & Bolts in 2008. Made by the core team that developed the first Banjo-Kazooie, Nuts & Bolts received significant criticism from players due to its focus on vehicle construction rather than traditional platforming. Though generally receiving positive reviews, the company's games for Microsoft sold poorly and Microsoft decided to restructure the studio at the end of the decade. In March 2010, Rare opened a new facility at Fazeley Studios in Digbeth, Birmingham. Later that year, Microsoft confirmed that Scott Henson, a developer who had worked on the hardware and software designs of the Xbox 360 console and Kinect for Xbox 360, replaced Mark Betteridge as studio manager and announced a focus on Xbox Live avatars. Rare also shifted their focus to Kinect. According to Henson, "Kinect will be the main focus for Rare going forwards as it's a very rich canvas. This is just the beginning of an experience that will touch millions of people". Rare's first Kinect project, Kinect Sports, was released in November 2010. Originally titled Sports Star, a more-complex sports simulation game, the game was streamlined into what Microsoft executive Don Mattrick hoped would be the Kinect equivalent of Wii Sports. According to a former Rare employee, the team was worried about the game during its development because of Kinect's limitations. Its reviews were average, but it was a commercial success, selling three million units by May 2011. Rare and BigPark, another Microsoft studio, collaborated on the development of a sequel, Kinect Sports: Season Two.

In March 2011, Scott Henson announced that Craig Duncan, who had worked on Sonic & Sega All-Stars Racing and the Colin McRae Rally series, was hired as senior studio director. Simon Woodroffe, who had worked at several studios (including Adventure Soft, Midway Games, Ubisoft, and Sega), became the studio's creative director in April 2012. A Rare property, Killer Instinct, was revived in 2013. The company had a supporting role in its development, assisting lead developer Double Helix Games. Another Rare mascot, Conker, was also featured in another Microsoft game, Project Spark as episodic downloadable content. Known as Conker's Big Reunion, it was cancelled in 2015.

Rare released Kinect Sports Rivals in 2014. The game was worked on by 150 staff members and a new game engine was developed for it. The game was a commercial failure and following Microsoft's announcement that Kinect would no longer be a priority, about 15 Rare employees were laid off. On 10 February 2015, a group of former Rare employees announced the formation of a new studio, Playtonic Games, and planned a "spiritual successor" to the Banjo-Kazooie franchise titled Yooka-Laylee, which was released on 11 April 2017 with mixed reviews. According to Rare composer Robin Beanland, the year 2015 would be significant for the company. At E3 2015, a new compilation game, Rare Replay celebrating the studio's 30th anniversary, was introduced; it was released in August. The compilation's thirty titles only include games to which Rare owned the intellectual property. Because of this, Rare's operations director Drew Quakenbush explains why GoldenEye 007 is not included in compilation. Rare Replay became the most pre-ordered game shown at E3 that year and received critical acclaim upon launch. A new game, Sea of Thieves, a multiplayer adventure game marketed as "The Best Game That Rare Has Ever Made", was introduced at E3 that year. It was delayed at the following year's conference and was released on 20 March 2018. The game received mixed reviews, but was a commercial success; in January 2020, Microsoft declared it the most successful IP it released in the eighth generation, with more than 10 million players.

Since 2018, Rare has been working with Dlala Studios on a Battletoads revival for the Xbox One and Windows, which was eventually released in 2020. Microsoft and Rare also collaborated with Nintendo in 2019 to add Banjo & Kazooie as playable characters in the crossover Nintendo Switch fighting game Super Smash Bros. Ultimate. At the X019 event in November 2019, Rare announced it was developing Everwild, an action-adventure game for Windows and Xbox Series X/S. As of January 2020, Rare had more than 200 employees, after growing at a consistent pace for five years.

Culture
According to Mark Betteridge, one of Rare's main goals is to create games people will find enjoyable rather than just to earn profit. The Stamper brothers gave the team considerable creative freedom, although they would intervene if a product was technically flawed or under-performing. Some employees noted that working for Rare in its early days could be difficult, with staff members allowed 30 minutes for lunch and possibly working more than 60 hours a week. Nintendo worked closely with Rare, and their relationship was described as a "creative partnership" by Viva Piñata designer Justin Cook. According to Hansen in 2010, innovation is very important to the company, thus they focus on trying out new technology, such as Xbox 360's Kinect. Historically the company has developed only for video game consoles, never for PCs or arcade units, with the Stamper brothers citing a preference for working on a stable standard format which is specifically designed for playing games. According to Duncan in 2014, Rare would only develop games that had unique ideas, and will never develop a generic game with their intellectual properties.

Ed Fries, head of Microsoft Studios' publishing division at the time of acquisition, said that the company attempted to preserve Rare's culture so its staff could continue feeling that they worked for Rare rather than Microsoft. Rare employees differed about working conditions after the Microsoft acquisition. According to Star Fox Adventures lead engineer Phil Tossell, conditions became more stressful after an "imperceptible" start, and the culture of the two companies began clashing. Tossell said that Microsoft gradually imposed a corporate structure on Rare, including more performance reviews and meetings, to which some Rare members found difficulty in adapting. Some admitted that early changes, such as permitting team members to discuss projects they were not working on and allowing staff members to use the Internet or listen to music during work hours, were beneficial to team morale. Betteridge called the overall change "positive", saying that Microsoft's capital could help Rare develop their projects. Former Rare employee Gavin Price said that some Microsoft executives, such as Phil Spencer, were supportive of the developer. Grant Kirkhope, a former composer at Rare, strongly criticised Microsoft following the acquisition. Former Xbox executive Peter Moore voiced his disappointment with Rare's works after the acquisition. He noted that Rare employees were attempting to "recreate the glory years", but their skills had become outdated and were no longer "applicable in today's market". Duncan insisted that there were still a lot of talented people working at Rare, and they will have a "bright future".

Unlike other software developers, Rare acquired a reputation for secrecy; the approach to their office buildings, in Manor Park near Twycross, was monitored by cameras. The company was internally divided into different "barnes", where employees worked exclusively on their group's game. According to Tim Stamper,

"Rare has a different philosophy. We don't really have much contact with other game development companies and we just do things the way they've evolved. We try to employ people who are great games players and games enthusiasts and they're really interested in seeing the other games we're developing in the company, so it's really a group of games enthusiasts all working together to produce the best games they can – that's Rare."

Though normally secretive, Rare allowed several exclusive tours of its studio by fansites Rarenet in 1999, Rare-Extreme in 2004 and again in 2009, as well as by the website Eurogamer in 2006. In 2010, Rare declined an offer by fansite MundoRare to film a documentary about their studios at MundoRare's expense. The film, to celebrate Rare's 25th anniversary, would have been distributed on the internet and Xbox Live. Rare refused permission to shoot the film, saying that it was not "on message". MundoRare was shut down, and stated that the site could not support the company's new corporate direction. Rare's secrecy was criticised by Hardcore Gamer's Alex Carlson, as they thought that it made them "disconnected", and prompted them to develop games that "their fans don't want". When Duncan took over as the studio's head, he intended to change the culture of the studio. Rare's office was completely remodeled so as to facilitate idea sharing between team members. The studio also adopted a more open attitude to its community, with the studio inviting fans to take part in the development project of their latest game Sea of Thieves.

Related companies
Around 1997, a number of Rare employees left to establish separate companies. The first was Eighth Wonder, underwritten by Sony Computer Entertainment Europe, which did not produce any games before it closed. After Martin Hollis left Rare, he joined Nintendo before founding his own company Zoonami, releasing Zendoku, Go! Puzzle and Bonsai Barber.

Several Perfect Dark team members, including David Doak and Steve Ellis, founded Free Radical Design and created the TimeSplitters series. The studio would be acquired by Crytek and renamed Crytek UK before its 2014 closure, with most of its staff moving to Deep Silver Dambuster Studios. Deep Silver briefly reestablished Free Radical Design from 2021 to 2023, with original founding members Steve Ellis and David Doak heading up the studio. Other former Free Radical and Rare staff formed Crash Labs, a studio specialising in developing iOS games.

Chris Seavor, director of Conker's Bad Fur Day, founded the Gory Detail studio along with Rare employee Shawn Pile. They released Parashoot Stan for mobile devices, as well as The Unlikely Legend of Rusty Pup on Steam. Starfire Studios were founded by four former Rare employees and released Fusion Genesis, an Xbox Live Arcade game published by Microsoft Game Studios. Another group of former Rare employees formed a mobile-game studio, Flippin Pixels. Former Rare employee Lee Schuneman headed Lift London, a Microsoft studio. Phil Tossell and Jennifer Schneidereit founded Nyamyam and released Tengami.

Playtonic Games was founded by several former Rare employees in 2014. They are best known for the Yooka-Laylee series, with the first game being a spiritual successor to Banjo-Kazooie. Rare founders Chris and Tim Stamper joined FortuneFish, a mobile game company founded by Tim's son, Joe Stamper. Their first game is ''That Bouncy Thing! The Rubbishiest Game Ever'' for Android.

Games
Rare has developed a number of video games since its founding, with sales nearing 90 million copies by 2002. The company is best known for its platform games, which include the Donkey Kong Country, Banjo-Kazooie, and Conker series, and for its Nintendo 64 first-person shooters GoldenEye 007 and Perfect Dark. Rare does not adhere to a few specific video-game genres. They have also developed action-adventure games, including Star Fox Adventures and Kameo: Elements of Power; fighting games, such as the Killer Instinct series; racing games, such as R.C. Pro-Am and Diddy Kong Racing, and beat 'em up-shoot 'em up games such as Battletoads and Captain Skyhawk. Since Rare has usually been associated with a video-game console manufacturer (such as Nintendo and Microsoft), most of their games have been developed as exclusives for a particular platform. In 2018, Rare released Sea of Thieves, a pirate-themed open world sandbox game for Xbox One and Windows 10. At Microsoft's X019 event, a fantasy action-adventure title called Everwild was announced.

The company's cancelled projects include Dream: Land of Giants, which became Banjo-Kazooie; Perfect Dark Core, originally the sequel to the first Perfect Dark; Black Widow, an open world game that tasks players to control an eight-legged robot; Sundown, which featured a horde-like survival mode; The Fast and the Furriest, a mascot racer; Tailwind, an action game featuring helicopters; Urchin, a Fable-style game which began development after the completion of Live & Reloaded; Ordinary Joe; Savannah, a Kinect-based game; Kinect equivalents of Wii Fit and Professor Layton, a sequel to Diddy Kong Racing, and a sequel to Kameo: Elements of Power.

Awards
Rare received numerous awards, including BAFTA award for "Best UK Developer" for its work on GoldenEye 007. In 1997, Electronic Gaming Monthly named Rare "Most Promising Game Company", citing their high rate of success in putting out killer apps for the Nintendo 64. Rare was awarded the BAFTA Interactive Entertainment Moving Images Award in 2000 for developing Perfect Dark. Tim and Chris Stamper were named as Development Legends in the 2015 Develop Industry Excellence Awards. Rare was included as Gamasutra's Top 30 Developers of All Time, and was ranked as the 36th best video game maker by IGN. The Herbert Art Gallery and Museum curated a retrospective of the company's work in 2018.

title: Rare (company)


text: Talk:Agent

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text:
User talk:Nevdka

Greetings! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. You can sign your name with ~. If you have questions or doubts of any sort, do not hesitate to post them on the Village Pump, somebody will respond ASAP. Other helpful pages include: Have fun! --Jiang 05:06, 10 Aug 2003 (UTC)
 * Welcome, newcomers
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title: User talk:Nevdka


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User talk:Garry Saint, Esquire

Greetings! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. You can sign your name with ~. If you have questions or doubts of any sort, do not hesitate to post them on the Village Pump, somebody will respond ASAP. Other helpful pages include: Have fun! --Jiang 05:06, 10 Aug 2003 (UTC)
 * Welcome, newcomers
 * Manual of style
 * Naming conventions

title: User talk:Garry Saint, Esquire


text:
Khakassia

Khakassia, officially the Republic of Khakassia, is a republic of Russia located in southern Siberia. It is situated between Krasnoyarsk Krai to the north and the Altai Republic to the south.

The capital city of Khakassia is Abakan, and the region covers an area of about 61,900 km2. The population of Khakassia is approximately 537,000 people, with the majority of the population living in urban areas.

The region is known for its natural beauty, with numerous rivers, lakes, and mountains. The Khakassky Nature Reserve is located in the region, and it is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including brown bears, wolves, and sable. The region is also known for its traditional crafts, such as woodworking and embroidery, and for its traditional festivals and celebrations.

Geography
The republic is located in the southwestern part of Eastern Siberia and borders Krasnoyarsk Krai in the north and east, the Tuva Republic in the southeast and south, the Altai Republic in the south and southwest, and Kemerovo Oblast in the west and northwest. It stretches for 460 km from north to south and for 200 km from east to west. Mountains (eastern slopes of Kuznetsk Alatau and the Abakan Range) cover two-thirds of the republic's territory and serve as the natural boundaries of the republic. The highest point is Kyzlasov Peak and Piramida. The remaining territory is flat, with the Minusinsk Hollow being the most prominent feature. The Yenisei is the largest river in the republic. Other significant rivers include the Abakan, Tom’, Bely Iyus, Black Iyus, and the Chulym (between the Yenisei and the eastern mountains), with all except the Abakan part of the Ob river basin. There are over three hundred lakes in the republic, both salt- and fresh-water. The climate is continental, with the average annual temperature of 0 C. Natural resources are abundant and include iron, gold, silver, coal, oil, and natural gas. Molybdenum deposits are the largest in Russia. Forests cover the south and the west of the republic.

History
The territory of modern Khakassia formed the core of the Yenisei Kirghiz state from the 6th century AD In the 13th century, following defeat by the Mongols, the majority of the Kyrgyz people migrated southwest to Central Asia to the area of present-day Kyrgyzstan. Modern Khakas people regard themselves as the descendants of those Kyrgyz who remained in Siberia. Khakassia was incorporated into the Russian state under Peter the Great ((r. 1682 – 1725)). This incorporation was confirmed in a treaty - the Treaty of Burya - between Russia and China in 1729. As it was common to deport convicted criminals from European Russia to Siberia, forts were quickly constructed in Khakassia (1707 and 1718). Many prisoners remained even after release. Many of the indigenous Khakas people converted to the Russian Orthodox faith and gradually abandoned their nomadic way of life.

By the time of the 1917 Russian Revolution, Russians made up approximately half of the population. Under Soviet rule, autonomy was granted on 20 October 1930, when the Khakas Autonomous Oblast was established. The borders of the autonomous oblast are the same as the borders of the modern Khakas Republic.

During the 1920s and 1930s, the Soviet authorities resettled an estimated quarter of a million Russians in the region. These were followed by 10,000 Volga Germans deported during World War II. By the time of the 1959 Census, ethnic Khakas people represented little more than 10% of the population of the Khakas oblast.

Until 1991, the Khakas Autonomous Oblast was administratively subordinated to Krasnoyarsk Krai. In July 1991, it was elevated in status to that of a Soviet socialist republic within the Russian Federation, and in February 1992 it became the Republic of Khakassia.

Politics
The highest legal act of the region is the Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia. It was adopted on 25 May 1995 by the Supreme Council of the Republic.

The highest official of the republic, heading the executive power in the region, is the head of the Republic of Khakassia - the chairman of the government of the Republic of Khakassia. The term of office is 5 years. Since 15 November 2018, this post has been occupied by Valentin Konovalov (Communist Party of the Russian Federation).

Legislative power in Khakassia is exercised by the unicameral Supreme Council of the Republic of Khakassia, consisting of 50 deputies elected by a mixed electoral system: 25 by party lists and 25 by single-member districts. The United Russia faction makes up an absolute majority in the region's parliament (35 seats, 70%). The Chairman of the Supreme Council of the current VII convocation, elected in 2018, is Vladimir Shtygashev.

In the Federation Council, the region is represented by a member of the CPRF, Senator Valery Usatyuk, from the executive branch (since November 2018) and a member of United Russia, Senator Alexander Zhukov, from the legislative branch (since March 2019).

The deputy of the State Duma of the VIII convocation from Khakassia is Sergey Sokol (United Russia).

Demographics
Population:

Vital statistics

 * Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service

In 2007, the republic recorded a positive natural increase of population for the first time in many years (Although very small, less than +0.01% per year), being one of the 20 Russian regions to have a positive natural population growth rate.

Ethnic groups
According to the 2021 Russian Census, ethnic Russians make up 82.1% of the republic's population, while the ethnic Khakas are only 12.7%. Other groups include ethnic Germans (0.7%), Tuvans (0.5%), Ukrainians (0.4%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

Religion
According to a 2012 survey, 31.6% of the population of Khakassia adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 6% are unaffiliated Christians, 1% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any church or are members of other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches. 2% of the population adheres to Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or Khakas Tengrism and folk religion, 1% to Islam, 1% to forms of Protestantism, 0.4% to forms of Hinduism (Vedism, Krishnaism or Tantrism) and another 0.4% to Tibetan Buddhism. In addition, 38% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 16% is atheist, and 2.6% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.

Economy
The main industries in the republic are coal mining, ore mining, and timber.

Transport
The road network is most developed around the major cities of the centre, west, and southwest. Federal highway R-257 runs through Khakassia. Other major highways include the regional highway A161 south from R-257 in Abakan along the Abakan valley to Abaza and across the mountains to Ak-Dovurak (Tuva). The most developed sections of roads are Abakan - Sayanogorsk, Abakan - Beya, Abakan - Abaza, Abakan - Sorsk, Bograd - Shira - Kopyevo, and Kopyevo - Priiskovy. Roads to other smaller settlements are mainly dirt roads, although they are currently being replaced with a hard surface.

663 km of railways, electrified from Abakan to Kaltas. Other non-electrified sections are Tigey - Kopievo, Askiz - Abaza, Biskamzha - Toya.

The section of the Tigey-Kopyёvo railway and further to Uzhur, Achinsk connects two railway arteries: the Trans-Siberian Railway and Yuzhsib (South-Siberian: Taishet - Abakan - Novokuznetsk - Artyshta - Barnaul - Kulunda - Pavlodar - Astana - Tobol - Kartaly - Magnitogorsk). In addition to Abakan, the central station is Biskamzha. The city of Sayanogorsk is connected to the railway network through the station Kamyshta.

Airports: Abakan International Airport has regular flights to Moscow, Norilsk, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, and Krasnoyarsk.

Sports
Sayany-Khakassia has been playing in the highest division of Russian bandy, the Russian Bandy Super League, for a long time, but was relegated after the 2012–13 season. Now they play in the 2nd highest division.

authors: Бабичев из Красногородска

title: Khakassia