text:
Talk:A. R. Rahman

Edit request on 26 March 2012
A.R Rahman did his schooling at Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan, Chennai, MCN School,T. Nagar and at Madras Christian College Higher Secondary School, Chennai. Thereafter he got admission in Madras Christian College, Chennai. But three months after joining the college, he dropped out from there when the Telugu music director Ramesh Naidu asked him to assist in his works. A.R Rahman in his later life has also studied music at Trinity College London.

He is married to Saira Rahman and not Saira Banu. Saira Banu is a very famous actress born 23 August 1944. She is married to Dilip Kumar who is a legendary bollywood actor. A.R Rahman was born as A. S. Dileep Kumar and converted to Islam in 1989. He changed his name from A. S. Dileep Kumar to Allah Rakha Rahman i.e. A. R. Rahman.

Please update his name in Tamil — Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.63.142.252 (talk) 08:58, 19 December 2012 (UTC)

66.196.71.178 (talk) 16:18, 26 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Her name before marrying to Rahman was Saira Banu and she has nothing to do with the actress Saira Banu. Thanks. -  Vivvt Talk 17:08, 26 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Marking as answered. Reliable sources are required. Pol430  talk to me 21:56, 26 March 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 31 March 2012
As per the biography compiled by Nasreen Munni Kabir - The Spirit of Music, ARR's reason to convert to Islam was not to do with his sisters illness. ARR confirms this as nonsense.ARR's family had a strong bonding with Sufi Peer Karimullah Shah Qadri.In 1986, ARR and his mom decided to embrace Sufi Islam as they felt they were more spiritually inclined to Sufism.

Anoopmenon82 (talk) 03:43, 31 March 2012 (UTC)

Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. -- ♪Karthik♫ ♪Nadar♫ 03:50, 31 March 2012 (UTC)

Pronunciation
What's the pronunciation in Tamil? Can someone add the IPA pronunciation? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.161.110.203 (talk) 14:11, 15 April 2012 (UTC)

Who removed the name of A R Rahman in Tamil? Bring back....

Yodha malayalam movie.
I think AR Rahman composed for a Malayalam Movie "YODHA" in 1992.which is not mentioned here. Thanks — Preceding unsigned comment added by 14.200.5.62 (talk) 00:30, 18 May 2012 (UTC)
 * It's listed under A. R. Rahman discography. — Vensatry (Ping me)  04:10, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

AR Rahman is the brother in law of film actor Rahman, not his step brother.
AR Rahman is the brother in law of film actor Rahman, not his step brother. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.185.113.220 (talk) 20:45, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Corrected. -  Vivvt Talk 20:51, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Music clips
Why is that this article do not have any sample music clips, like articles Michael Jacksom, shakira etc? It would improve the quality of the article. Perhaps someone could add the song "Chinna Chinna aasai" which is considered as one of the greatest tracks ever.--24.26.20.67 (talk) 22:18, 3 August 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 1 October 2012
Please change, He is from Madras, Madras state to Chennai, Tamil Nadu

94.197.127.13 (talk) 22:30, 1 October 2012 (UTC)
 * It was called only by the name "Madras State" then. — Vensatry (Ping me)  11:09, 2 October 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 4 November 2012
A.R Rahman's birth place is Madras(currently Chennai)and the state is Tamil Nadu which is incorrectly mentioned as Madras State in the Wiki page.

RG 06:29, 4 November 2012 (UTC)

Not done: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. This appears to be the same alteration that was requested in the section immediately above this one. See the response there, and establish consensus that this change should be made. Thank you. Begoon   talk 04:14, 5 November 2012 (UTC)

first Asian to do what?
The text reads "Rahman scored the film Slumdog Millionaire in 2008, for which he won a Golden Globe and Five Academy Awards, becoming the first Asian to do so." It's unclear what the "first" was here, but in List of Asian Academy Award winners and nominees, it says he was the first to win two Academy Awards in one year. If that's the intent, maybe these should be separate sentences: "... for which he won a Golden Globe and Five Academy Awards. He is the first Asian to win Five Academy Awards in one year." Eostrom (talk) 16:43, 13 November 2012 (UTC)

A.R. Rahman not A. R. Rahman (notice the space between A and R)
There should be no space in-between abbreviations. Here are some notable sources that supports my view:

http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0006246/

https://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/a.r.-rahman/id3249567

http://www.oscars.org/awards/81academyawards/nominees.html

http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/83/nominees.html

Remember it's U.S. Government not U. S. Government.

Wikipedia:Manual of Style also supports my view:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Abbreviations

I am requesting someone to rename this page (and all the instances of this mistake throughout the page).

ROL (talk) 04:58, 14 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Yes I did notice this (and even moved the page), but apparently his name is stylized as "A. R. Rahman" throughout much of Wikipedia. So I moved back the page.  Making the name consistent all over would require major work, so I think it's better to leave the main page unless the others are fixed.  -- Obloid cow (talk) 08:26, 18 February 2013 (UTC)

A.r Rahman's New Recording Studio
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchathan_Record_Inn_and_AM_Studios

117.218.69.208 (talk) 04:25, 19 November 2013 (UTC)

Not done: please make your request in a "change X to Y" format. Thanks, Celestra (talk) 03:38, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 6 January 2014
Year of Birth: Please change Year of Birth from 1966 to 1967 for A. R. Rahman. 1967 is the correct year of birth as mentioned by A. R. Rahman in his biography, The Spirit of Music written by Nasreen Munni Kabir. Hence please change the year. Thank you!

Jahabar sadique (talk) 19:55, 6 January 2014 (UTC)

 * I'm seeing information both ways... A few places specifically say 1966 (such as this), while a great many others imply 1966 based on the publication date by saying "Happy XXth Birthday" (such as this, this, and the existing source in the article). However, this says 1967, and this implies it with something happening on his 35th birthday in 2002 (though I wouldn't rely on that last one too much). Definitely more out there that says 1966 than 1967. Is the information in the biography a direct quote from him? -- El Hef  ( Meep? ) 00:38, 7 January 2014 (UTC)

Year of Birth: Is 1967

Yes, the Book is his biography dictated directly by him to Nasreen Munni Kabir. Also, his Manager Mr. Vijay Iyer posted on FB yesterday that his birth year is 1967 and not 1966.

I couldn't find the book online, I can send you snapshots of the book and the pages if you can send me your email. Or is there a way to upload the snapshots here?

Thanks.

Semi-protected edit request on 7 January 2014
Confirmed from assistant of A.R. Rahman. Birthyear is 1967 not 1966.

Please fix it.

Vijay Iyer - Happy Birthday Disclaimer - Yes ! Yes ! You are the biggest fan of the man & his music but please remember that this was his 47th birthday...the year of birth is 1967 (someone please get this permanently etched in WiKi)..& his son's name is A R Ameen..

Anildigital (talk) 01:44, 7 January 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 January 2014
year of Birth is incorrect. correct year of birth is 1967. please correct urgently.

Jeetumg (talk) 12:58, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Most of the sources claim the year as 1966 only. — Vensatry (Ping me)  15:24, 7 January 2014 (UTC)

A.F.M.Zakir
A.F.M.ZAKIR — Preceding unsigned comment added by Afmzakir (talk • contribs) 09:10, 30 March 2014 (UTC)

A.R. Rahman's real name?
I find there is a confusion in his real name. In the description, it has been mentioned that he was born A. S. Dileep Kumar while in the Early Life section it has been mentioned that he changed his name from R. S. Dileep Kumar to Allah Rakha Rahman (A. R. Rahman). So is it R.S. Dileep Kumar or A.S. Dileep Kumar?? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.241.69.194 (talk) 05:36, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Guess it is A.S. Dileep only and not R.S. Dileep. Kailash29792 (talk) 05:53, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

A. R. Rahman Template
Please someone add this template to this page. Golu7276 (talk) 09:55, 14 June 2014 (UTC)

Birth year
I changed the birth year from 1966 to 1967 as per a Times of India article which seems to be self-claim. --Gfosankar (talk) 13:17, 24 June 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 31 July 2014
Dhanusav (talk) 13:33, 31 July 2014 (UTC) ar rahman is a brazilian music director.
 * Forget it! -  Vivvt  ( Talk ) 15:14, 31 July 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 February 2015
Please insert some original awesome tune Rahman has created in the industry. For example, Khoon Chala Theme from Rang De basanti, Swades Theme from Swades : We the People

117.246.121.50 (talk) 18:11, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

If you want to suggest a change, please request this in the form "Please replace XXX with YYY" or "Please add ZZZ between PPP and QQQ". Please also cite reliable sources to back up your request, without which no information should be added to, or changed in, any article. - Arjayay (talk) 18:31, 2 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: that is not a Semi-protected edit request.

Large deletion
I was notified about [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A._R._Rahman&diff=646044556&oldid=645022999 your edit] because it undid my recent grammar correction. That's no big deal, of course. But I don't see how your edit summary explains the deletion of the long paragraph beginning "The year 2014 was one...". You might like to check that your edit had the effect you intended. -- John of Reading (talk) 16:25, 7 February 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 15 September 2015
Please add அ. இர. ரகுமான் name in the native name or in the 'also known as section)

Tamilarasu.ku (talk) 10:01, 15 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Per WP:INDICSCRIPT -- Sam Sailor Talk! 17:30, 15 September 2015 (UTC)

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Birth name of Rahman
[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/A-R-Rahman-In-tune-with-life/articleshow/23791015.cms? This source] says it's Dileep Shekhar but most of the internet says A. S. Dileep Kumar. Which one is true? - Nirinsanity (talk) 12:56, 26 October 2015 (UTC)

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Semi-protected edit request on 20 August 2016
On your Superheavy page, references to A R Rahman don't have tertiary links to your A R Rahman page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._R._Rahman

5.80.158.199 (talk) 18:26, 20 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. — Andy W. ( talk  · ctb) 05:59, 21 August 2016 (UTC)

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Semi-protected edit request on 4 December 2016
Rahman was born to a musically Mudaliyar affluent Tamil family. Below is the source. http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/music/ar-rahman-turns-47/articleshow/17900921.cms 157.50.83.5 (talk) 12:02, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
 * No change-The same is already stated in a rephrased manner in the article. Aru@baska ❯❯❯  Vanguard 11:59, 7 December 2016 (UTC)

About info given
Ar rahman has won 15 filmfare awards south not 13 Pr2152000 (talk) 07:17, 11 February 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 3 March 2017
Rahman has been awarded with Oscar. 117.222.154.53 (talk) 01:45, 3 March 2017 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. —MRD2014 📞 What I've done 03:13, 3 March 2017 (UTC)

A tad puff heavy
When you get right down to it, the only sentence in the lead which directly describes his musical abilities is the following: A. R. Rahman's works are noted for integrating Indian classical music with electronic music, world music and traditional orchestral arrangements.

Just about every other sentence in a fairly long lead recounts someone else's evaluation. I'm sure all these many accolades are notable, nevertheless, the balance here is amiss IMO. — MaxEnt 02:09, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

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Correct birth name?
First, what is the source behind A.S. in his birth name? None of the cited sources mentions this. Second, there are conflicting sources cited in the article to suggest his name was Dilip Kumar. A DAWN newspaper aticle (which in turn is from scroll.in) suggests his name is Dilip Kumar. A different source, a newspaper interview from Times of India suggests his name was Dileep Shekhar. So which one is it? Are there any reliable sources except for newspaper items (e.g., books).

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Correct Previous Name: A. S. Dileep Kumar
Somebody has asked what does A. S. stand for in the name A. S. Dileep Kumar. A. S. stands for Arunachalam Shekhar. Therefore A. S. Dileep Kumar = Arunachalam Shekhar Dileep Kumar.

In the legal documents, Rahman's mother is officially called as Arunachalam Kareema Begum. Also, in the legal documents, A. R. Rahman spells his name as Allahrakka Rahman, and not as Allah Rakha Rahman.

Some people have edited the past name as Dileep Shekhar, which is not correct. It should be A. S. Dileep Kumar.

Karyakarta (talk) 07:55, 11 December 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 5 January 2018
210.187.146.115 (talk) 18:38, 5 January 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 16 March 2018
Request the admin of the page to make the following changes :

1)In the line "older sister instead of "elder" while referring Mr.G.V Prakash's Mother (Mrs.A.R.Rehena) : DRAGON BOOSTER   ★  09:34, 17 March 2018 (UTC).

2)could add one more line saying that he was the only Indian composer to get Two academy awards in a single stretch. 2405:204:71C6:5D30:6493:5AF4:DC3C:95AE (talk) 12:32, 16 March 2018 (UTC)

Personal Info
Co-Brother is not a phrase commonly used in American English. In order to be clearer, it should specify that A.R. Rahman's wife is the sister of the actor Rahman's Wife. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Russerj (talk • contribs) 18:38, 23 May 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 15 March 2019
2607:FEA8:30E0:B2F:0:0:0:1F (talk) 15:52, 15 March 2019 (UTC) K. M. Musiq not K M Music Conservatory for record label
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. NiciVampire</b><b style="color:black">Heart</b> 09:51, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2nd April 2019
Admin please include the following into the section Career->Soundtracks, just before the statement "In 1992, he was approached by director Mani Ratnam...".

Moondram_Pirai was the first film in which AR Rahman started his journey with Illayaraja in 1982 and Rahman was just 15 years old ! From then, AR Rahman worked with Illayaraja for around 500 films. (This was very recently acknowledged on stage by both the legends on stage - @Illayaraja 75 - 2019) — Preceding unsigned comment added by DharshanPaari (talk • contribs) 00:59, 2 April 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 16 May 2019
"change the current photo to the one I uploaded in his discography page" https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Discography_of_A._R._Rahman.jpg/800px-Discography_of_A._R._Rahman.jpg Imthiazasif (talk) 23:31, 16 May 2019 (UTC)
 * You can see: Non-free_content, we can't really use logos on our articles unless for identification where it is needed as context. His current photo seems fairly good. – Þjarkur (talk) 23:46, 16 May 2019 (UTC)

For notice
A. R. Rahman is not alive anymore and his twitter account is operated by someone else for now. He actually died in the 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings on 21 April 2019 during a casual visit to Sri Lanka. But officially none of them have announced his demise yet and couldn't find proper sources to prove this. 175.157.231.19 (talk) 02:24, 12 July 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 24 October 2019
Rahman said his father, the late R. K. Shekhar, who was composer and music conductor of Malayalam films, had given his 'soul to malayalam film music'. Works of music directors like Dakshinamoorthy, the late Devarajan Master, A.T Ummer and his father's music are the ones that he like

Read more at: https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2009/a-r-rahman-kochi-310309.html 217.165.26.84 (talk) 08:57, 24 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. His father being a composer is already mentioned in the article. Please be specific in your edit requests. <b style="color:black">Nici</b><b style="color:purple">Vampire</b><b style="color:black">Heart</b> 09:44, 24 October 2019 (UTC)

Should we add a table that lists all his national awards?
Two edits I would consider adding; 1. K.S Chitra's name in the 'Associated Acts' section as she is the female artist who has sung the most in A.R. Rahman's compositions. 2. Add a table which lists all his national awards in an easy-to-read manner. As this is semi-protected, I wanted to float this idea here first. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2606:A000:1127:4687:713A:F325:A986:34D5 (talk) 05:08, 1 December 2019 (UTC)

Associated_acts parameter of the infobox
Re: these changes, where you silently added names to the associated_acts parameter of the infobox, looking at the instructions for Infobox musical artist, which I'm sure you've read, I see:
 * This field is for professional relationships with other musicians or bands that are significant and notable to this artist's career. This field can include, for example, any of the following: For individuals: groups of which he or she has been a member. Acts with which this act has collaborated on multiple occasions, or on an album, or toured with as a single collaboration act playing together. Groups which have spun off from this group. A group from which this group has spun off.

So, with no edit summary from you explaining why you added the content, and with there being no context in the article that supports most of the additions you made, and knowing that the infobox is supposed to summarise content found elsewhwere in the article, how do you justify the addition of acts like The Pussycat Dolls, Sukhwinder Singh, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan? And do you envision a time when this parameter will become so bloated that we'll need to trim it down? Currently we're at nine entries. Cyphoidbomb (talk) 17:41, 9 December 2019 (UTC)

WP:LINKVIO
A._R._Rahman section includes link to a YouTube video which was uploaded in violation of copyrights. Per WP:LINKVIO we should not be linking to such videos. Aman Kumar Goel(Talk) 20:22, 12 December 2019 (UTC)
 * ✅ Excellent tip, thank you. I'm embarrassed that I didn't notice that when I added the time stamp earlier--that's usually the first thing I check. I've swapped it out for a CNN transcript of the interview. Cyphoidbomb (talk) 21:10, 12 December 2019 (UTC)

Atheist?
In this edit, I revered content from about Rahman's alleged childhood atheism. As I explained in my edit summary, the reference included, this, is sub-par. There's no credited journalist, it's three sentences long, it reads like a rumour report with the "AR Rahman is said to have been an atheist" phrasing, and there's no other context or information that would put that content in perspective, like "he refused to attend temple or participate in his family's religious traditions". The only other source I could find that addresses this topic was this, which is another anonymous publication with no also has no byline, and looks like it was copied from Wikipedia and/or other unattributed sources. I don't think either is sufficient to say definitively what his perspective was on religion. That sort of thing typically needs self-identification anyway, the way caste, sexuality and gender identity might. His parents may have dragged him to religious events, but what was going on in his mind is not something that secondary sources can really speculate on, unless it's clear that they've consulted with him. Cyphoidbomb (talk) 03:18, 13 December 2019 (UTC)
 * "I became an atheist" says Rahman. This source was published by Penguin UK which is indeed WP:RS. Aman Kumar Goel(Talk) 15:34, 13 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Cyphoidbomb (talk) 19:23, 13 December 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:37, 15 May 2020 (UTC)
 * A. R. Rahman Pic.jpg

Missing Info Image
Any particular reason article doesn't have image in infobox ? I have added one. Discuss before removing. Thanks.-- 25 CENTS VICTORIOUS ☣ 15:24, 18 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Two edits before you added the photo: "Bot: Removing c:File:A. R. Rahman Pic.jpg, deleted by Storkk (Likely copyright violation... So there you go. Thanks for updating. Regards, Cyphoidbomb (talk) 17:14, 18 May 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 June 2021
{{subst:trim|1=

A. R. Rahman''', is an Indian film composer, record producer, singer, and songwriter who works predominantly in Tamil and Hindi films. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers of Indian cinema.In 2010, the Indian government awarded him the Padma Bhushan, the nation's third-highest civilian award. {{cite news|title=AR Rahman Feels 'Happy and Honoured' with Padma

}} Samarth382 (talk) 11:26, 7 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. R.C {{sup| Outlander07@talk }} 12:42, 7 June 2021 (UTC)

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The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:22, 21 January 2022 (UTC)
 * AR Rahman 2021.png

Awards
“Padma Shri” should be in first place. Please move all the awards after that 103.113.189.250 (talk) 03:48, 7 May 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 January 2024
Add his cameo in Jigu Jigu Rail song from "Maamannan" - 2023 and Maanja Nee from "Ayalaan" in the Acting section 2600:1700:3840:C11F:E94B:767B:924B:E28F (talk) 02:15, 11 January 2024 (UTC)
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title: Talk:A. R. Rahman


text:
Duncan Black

Duncan Black, FBA (23 May 1908 – 14 January 1991) was a Scottish economist who laid the foundations of social choice theory. In particular he was responsible for unearthing the work of many early political scientists, including Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, and was responsible for the Black electoral system, a Condorcet method whereby, in the absence of a Condorcet winner (e.g. due to a cycle), the Borda winner is chosen.

Biography
Black was born in Motherwell, Scotland, an industrial town south east of Glasgow, to a working-class family. He graduated from the Dalziel High School in Motherwell and then studied mathematics and physics at the University of Glasgow. He then enrolled for a degree in economics and politics which he finished with first class honours in 1932. He started teaching at the newly formed Dundee School of Economics (later part of the University of Dundee). There Black was influenced by his colleague Ronald Coase, originator of the Theory of the Firm. He later taught at the University College of North Wales (now Bangor University) and Glasgow.

Black also had visiting positions in the United States, at the universities of Rochester, Chicago, Virginia and Michigan State. These occurred after William H. Riker reviewed his work in 1961. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1980.

Archives
The archives for Duncan Black are maintained by the Archives of the University of Glasgow (GUAS).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Duncan Black


text:
FRS

FRS may also refer to:

Government and politics

 * Facility Registry System, a centrally managed Environmental Protection Agency database that identifies places of environmental interest in the United States
 * Family Resources Survey, a survey to collect information on the incomes and circumstances of households in Great Britain
 * Federal Reserve System, the central bank of the United States
 * Fire and Rescue Service, an organization that provides predominantly emergency firefighting services for a specific geographic area
 * Fisheries Research Services, a now-defunct agency of the Executive agencies of the Scottish Government
 * Forum of Social Republicans (French: Forum des républicains sociaux), now the Christian Democratic Party, a French political party

Science

 * Fellow of the Royal Society, an award and fellowship granted by the Royal Society of London to individuals the society judges to have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge"
 * Filtered Rayleigh scattering, a diagnostic technique which measures velocity, temperature, and pressure
 * Forward recoil scattering, an ion beam analysis technique in materials science to obtain elemental concentration depth profiles in thin films
 * Fragment separator, an ion-optical device used to focus and separate products from the collision of relativistic ion beams with thin targets
 * Framingham Risk Score, a gender-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual.
 * Free radical scavenger, a synonym for antioxidant
 * Free radical substitution, a substitution reaction involving free radicals as a reactive intermediate

Technology

 * Family Radio Service, an improved walkie-talkie radio system in the United States
 * File Replication Service, a Microsoft Windows Server service for distributing shared files and Group Policy objects
 * Frame Relay Switch, a standardized wide-area network technology that specifies the physical and data link layers of digital telecommunications channels using a packet switching methodology
 * Freely redistributable software, software that anyone is free to redistribute
 * Functional requirement Specification, defines a function of a system or its components
 * Facial recognition system, a computer application capable of identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source

Transportation

 * Ffestiniog Railway Society, a 1 ft 11 1⁄2 in (597 mm) narrow gauge heritage railway, located in Gwynedd, Wales
 * Flandre Air, (ICAO: FRS) was a French regional airline
 * Förde Reederei Seetouristik, a German shipping company
 * Forsinard railway station, in northern Scotland
 * Franconia–Springfield station, Amtrak station code FRS
 * Full-rigged ship, a sailing vessel's sail plan with three or more masts, all of them square-rigged
 * Mundo Maya International Airport, (IATA: FRS, formerly Flores International Airport) in Flores, Guatemala
 * Scion FR-S, an automobile

Other uses

 * Fixed repeating schedule, a production scheduling methodology
 * Fleet Replacement Squadron, a unit of the United States Navy and Marine Corps
 * Free Record Shop, a Dutch retailer
 * Frontier Regional School, in South Deerfield, Massachusetts, United States
 * Saterland Frisian language, last living dialect of the East Frisian language
 * East Frisian Low Saxon, Frisian-Saxon dialect of East Frisia

title: FRS


text:
Immortal Game

The Immortal Game was a chess game played in 1851 by Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky. It was played while the London 1851 chess tournament was in progress, an event in which both players participated. The Immortal Game was itself a game, however, not played as part of the tournament. Anderssen won the game by allowing a double rook sacrifice, a major loss of, while also developing a mating attack with his remaining. Despite losing the game, Kieseritzky was impressed with Anderssen's performance. Shortly after it was played, Kieseritzky published the game in La Régence, a French chess journal which he helped to edit. In 1855, Ernst Falkbeer published an analysis of the game, describing it for the first time with its sobriquet "immortal".

The Immortal Game is among the most famous chess games ever played. As a game, it is frequently reproduced in chess literature to teach simple themes of gameplay. Although Kieseritzsky himself indicated that the game ended before checkmate, the Immortal Game is frequently reproduced with a brief involving a queen sacrifice—a further loss of material—leading to checkmate. This continuation is commonly presented as part of the complete game, as if the final moves were actually played as part of the real historical game. Some authors also permute certain moves, deviating from Kieseritzky's report, although such permutations typically give rise to a transposition in which a distinct line of play eventually returns to the moves and positions reported by Kieseritzky.

Although both players made moves which are regarded as by modern players, the game is appreciated as an example of the romantic school of chess, a style of play which prized bold attacks and sacrifices over deep strategy. The game—especially its mating continuation—is also appreciated for its aesthetic value, as a plausible example of how a player with a significant material deficit can give mate, provided that an advantageous position exists. The continuation's mating position is a model mate, a strong form of pure mate in which all of the attacker's remaining pieces contribute to the checkmate, while the mated king is prevented from moving to any other square for exactly one reason per square. In 1996, Bill Hartston called the game an achievement "perhaps unparalleled in chess literature".

Overview
Anderssen was one of the strongest players of his time, and many consider him to have been the world's strongest player after his victory in the London 1851 chess tournament. Kieseritzky lived in France much of his life, where he gave chess lessons and played games for five francs an hour at the Café de la Régence in Paris. His strength was shown most favourably when giving substantial to weak players; against masters, he was less convincing.

The Immortal Game was an informal one, played during a break in a formal tournament in London; the exact venue is uncertain. Kieseritzky was very impressed with Anderssen's performance; after the game was over, Kieseritzky telegraphed the moves of the game to his Parisian chess club. The French chess magazine La Régence published the game in July 1851. The Austrian Ernst Falkbeer nicknamed it "The Immortal Game" in 1855.

This game is acclaimed as an exemplar of the 19th-century romantic style of chess, where rapid and attack were considered the most effective way to win, many gambits and countergambits were offered (and not accepting them would be considered slightly ungentlemanly), and  was often held in contempt. These games, with their rapid attacks and counterattacks, are often entertaining to review, even if some of the moves are no longer considered optimal.

In this game, Anderssen won despite sacrificing a bishop (on move 11), both rooks (starting on move 18), and the queen (on move 22) to produce checkmate against Kieseritzky, who lost only three pawns. Anderssen later demonstrated the same kind of approach in the Evergreen Game.

Some published versions of the game have errors, as described in the annotations below.

Publication
Shortly after the game was played, Kieseritzky is believed to have telegraphed a report of the game to La Régence, a French chess journal which he helped to edit. The game was reported in an 1851 issue of the journal, with the piece attributed to Kieseritzky himself. La Régence used an "obscure" and prototypical form of algebraic notation to record chess games. Pawns were denoted using lowercase letters indicating their starting files (a–h), while pieces were denoted using uppercase letters to indicate same (A–H). Squares were described beginning with their rank, then file, e.g. the square "e4" was instead described as "45".

The game has been republished many times, often with inconsistencies about the order of moves.

Annotated game
White: Adolf Anderssen Black: Lionel Kieseritzky  Opening: King's Gambit Accepted: Bishop's Gambit, Bryan Countergambit (ECO C33)

'''1. e4 e5 2. f4'''
 * This is the King's Gambit: Anderssen offers his pawn in exchange for faster development. This was one of the most popular openings of the 19th century and is still occasionally seen, though defensive techniques have improved since Anderssen's time.

'''2... exf4 3. Bc4'''
 * The Bishop's Gambit; this line allows 3...Qh4+, depriving White of the right to castle, and is less popular than 3.Nf3. This check, however, also exposes Black's queen to attack with a gain of tempo on the eventual Ng1–f3.

'''3... Qh4+ 4. Kf1 b5''' (diagram)
 * This is the Bryan Countergambit, deeply analysed by Kieseritzky, and which sometimes bears his name. It is not considered a move by most players today.

'''5. Bxb5 Nf6 6. Nf3'''
 * This is a common developing move, but in addition the knight attacks Black's queen, forcing Black to move it instead of developing his own side.

'''6... Qh6 7. d3'''
 * With this move, White solidifies control of the critical of the board. German grandmaster Robert Hübner recommends 7.Nc3 instead.

7... Nh5
 * This move threatens ...Ng3+, and protects the pawn at f4, but also sidelines the knight to a poor position at the edge of the board, where knights are the least powerful, and does not develop a piece.

8. Nh4 Qg5
 * Better was 8...g6, according to Kieseritzky.

9. Nf5 c6
 * This simultaneously unpins the and attacks the bishop. Modern chess engines suggest 9...g6 would be better, to deal with a very troublesome knight.

'''10. g4 Nf6 11. Rg1''' (diagram)
 * This is an advantageous . If Black accepts, his queen will be boxed in, giving White a lead in development.

11... cxb5?
 * Hübner believes this was Black's critical mistake; this gains, but loses in development, at a point where White's strong development is able to quickly mount an offensive. Hübner recommends 11...h5 instead.

12. h4!
 * White's knight at f5 protects the pawn, which attacks Black's queen.

'''12... Qg6 13. h5 Qg5 14. Qf3'''
 * White (Anderssen) now has two threats:
 * Bxf4, trapping Black's queen (the queen having no safe place to go);
 * e5, attacking Black's knight at f6 while simultaneously exposing an attack by White's queen on the unprotected black rook at a8.

14... Ng8
 * This deals with the threats, but undevelops Black even further—now the only black piece not on its starting square is the queen, which is about to be put on the run, while White has control over a great deal of the board.

'''15. Bxf4 Qf6 16. Nc3 Bc5'''
 * An ordinary developing move by Black, which also attacks the rook at g1.

17. Nd5
 * White responds to the attack with a counterattack. This move threatens the black queen and also Nc7+, forking the king and rook. Richard Réti recommends 17.d4 followed by 18.Nd5, with advantage to White, although if 17.d4 Bf8 then 18.Be5 would be a stronger move.

17... Qxb2 (diagram)
 * Black gains a pawn, and threatens to gain the rook at a1 with check.

18. Bd6!
 * With this move White offers to sacrifice both his rooks. Hübner comments that, from this position, there are actually many ways to win, and he believes there are at least three better moves than 18.Bd6: 18.d4, 18.Be3, or 18.Re1, which lead to strong positions or checkmate without needing to sacrifice so much material. The Chessmaster computer program annotation says "the main point [of 18. Bd6] is to divert the black queen from the a1–h8 diagonal. Now Black cannot play 18...Bxd6? 19.Nxd6+ Kd8 20.Nxf7+ Ke8 21.Nd6+ Kd8 22.Qf8#." Garry Kasparov comments that the world of chess would have lost one of its "crown jewels" if the game had continued in such an unspectacular fashion. The Bd6 move is surprising, because White is willing to give up so much material.

18... Bxg1?
 * Wilhelm Steinitz suggested in 1879 that a better move would be 18...Qxa1+; likely moves to follow are 19.Ke2 Qb2 20.Kd2 Bxg1. The continuation played is still winning for White, however, despite having many complications. The variation continues 21.e5! Ba6 22.Bb4! Qxe5 (22...Be3+ 23.Qxe3 +/−; 22...Nh6 23.Nd6+ Kf8 24.g5 +−) 23.Nd6+ Qxd6 24.Bxd6 +/−.

19. e5!
 * This sacrifices yet another white rook. More importantly, this move blocks the queen from participating in the defense of the king, and threatens mate in two: 20.Nxg7+ Kd8 21.Bc7.

'''19... Qxa1+ 20. Ke2'''
 * At this point, Black's attack has run out of steam; Black has a queen and bishop on White's, but cannot effectively mount an immediate attack on White, while White can storm forward. According to Kieseritzky, he at this point. Hübner notes that an article by Friedrich Amelung in the journal Baltische Schachblaetter, 1893, reported that Kiesertizky probably played 20...Na6, but Anderssen then announced the mating moves. The Oxford Companion to Chess also says that Black resigned at this point, citing an 1851 publication. In any case, it is suspected that the last few moves were not actually played on the board in the original game.

20... Na6
 * The black knight covers c7 as White was threatening 21.Nxg7+ Kd8 and 22.Bc7#. Another attempt to defend is 20...Ba6, allowing the black king to flee via c8 and b7, although White has enough with the continuation 21.Nc7+ Kd8 and 22.Nxa6, where if now 22...Qxa2 (to defend f7 against Bc7+, Nd6+ and Qxf7#) White can play 23.Bc7+ Ke8 24.Nb4, winning; or, if 22...Bb6 (stopping Bc7+), 23.Qxa8 Qc3 24.Qxb8+ Qc8 25.Qxc8+ Kxc8 26.Bf8 h6 27.Nd6+ Kd8 28.Nxf7+ Ke8 29.Nxh8 Kxf8, with a winning endgame for White.

'''21. Nxg7+ Kd8 22. Qf6+!''' (diagram)
 * This queen sacrifice forces Black to give up his defense of e7.

'''22... Nxf6 23. Be7 '''

 * At the end, Black is ahead in material by a considerable margin: a queen, two rooks, and a bishop. But the material does not help Black. White has been able to use his remaining pieces—two knights and a bishop—to force mate.

In Popular Culture
In the movie Blade Runner Sebastian check mates Tyrell. The game is recognized as The Immortal Game. The Tyrell replicants' ambition to avoid shutdown/death is a clear reference to the game's title.

title: Immortal Game