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George Chuvalo

George Louis Chuvalo (born September 12, 1937, as Jure Čuvalo) is a Canadian former professional boxer who was a five-time Canadian heavyweight champion and two-time world heavyweight title challenger. He is known for having never been knocked down in his 93 bout professional career including fights against Muhammad Ali, Joe Frazier, and George Foreman. Chuvalo unsuccessfully challenged Muhammad Ali for the heavyweight championship in 1966. Chuvalo was inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 1995.

Early life and career
Chuvalo was born on September 12, 1937, to Croat immigrants Stipan and Katica from Ljubuški in the Herzegovina region of what is today Bosnia and Herzegovina. Chuvalo became the Canadian amateur heavyweight champion in May 1955, defeating Winnipeg's Peter Piper with a first-round knockout (KO) in a tournament final in Regina, Saskatchewan. Chuvalo finished his amateur career with a 16–0 record, all by KO within four rounds. Originally nicknamed "Boom Boom", Chuvalo turned professional in 1956, knocking out four opponents in one night to win a heavyweight tournament held by former world champion Jack Dempsey at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto on April 26, 1956.

George Chuvalo's rankings as a heavyweight were: number 9 in 1963, number 5 in 1964, number 3 in 1965, number 8 in 1966, number 4 in 1968 and number 7 in 1970.

Against Ali
Chuvalo is best known for his two fights against Muhammad Ali. He went the distance both times, in each case, losing the decision by a wide margin on the scorecards. The first fight, on March 29, 1966, at Toronto's Maple Leaf Gardens, was for Ali's world heavyweight title. "He's the toughest guy I ever fought", said Ali of Chuvalo after the fight.

Other notable contests
Chuvalo defeated many heavyweights who were top ten contenders, including Johnny Arthur, Julio Mederos, Howard King, Alex Miteff, James J. Parker, Yvon Durelle, Bob Cleroux, Willie Besmanoff, Mike DeJohn, Doug Jones, Bill Nielsen, Dante Cane, Joe Bygraves, Manuel Ramos, Jerry Quarry and Cleveland Williams. Some of his controversial losses on decision were to Bob Cleroux (twice), Floyd Patterson (Ring Magazine Fighter of the Year), Ernie Terrell and Oscar Bonavena. His two draws against Alex Miteff and Tony Alongi were also controversial. In his defeats, Chuvalo failed to go the distance only in 1967 with Joe Frazier, and in 1970 with George Foreman. In both cases the referee stopped the fight while Chuvalo was still on his feet. He was also disqualified in 1961 against Joe Erskine (for headbutting - after complaining repeatedly about being fouled). Chuvalo holds the distinction of never being knocked down in his 93 professional bouts.

Tributes and other appearances
Chuvalo also appeared in films, with acting roles in I Miss You, Hugs and Kisses (1978), Stone Cold Dead (1979), The Fly (1986), Last Man Standing (1987), Prom Night III: The Last Kiss (1989), The Return of Eliot Ness (1991), Lee's Offering (2005) and Sicilian Vampire (2015).

His 1966 match against Ali was the subject of Joseph Blasioli's 2003 documentary film The Last Round: Chuvalo vs. Ali.

On December 17, 2011, he travelled to Sarajevo to attend the unveiling of a statue in his honour in Ljubuški, his parents' birthplace, on December 18, 2011.

On May 11, 2019, the George Chuvalo Neighborhood Centre in Toronto, Ontario, opened which provides a variety of recreational programs for children as well as LGBTQ youth.

Personal life
When Chuvalo was 21, he married 15 year old Lynne, with whom he had five children. Three of Chuvalo's sons, Jesse, Steven, and George Lee, were heroin addicts, which was introduced to the family by Jesse in 1984 after a severe motorbike accident led him to seek pain relief. The trio would often rob local pharmacies of prescription medication, for which they frequently served jail time. In February 1985, Jesse committed suicide, and over the next two months, Steven overdosed on heroin 15 times. In November 1993, less than a week after being released from prison for robbery, George Lee, who had survived a suicide attempt in prison and been threatening to intentionally overdose to reunite with Jesse, died of a heroin overdose. Four days after George's death, Chuvalo's grief-stricken wife Lynne committed suicide on November 4. In August 1996, despite recent attempts at improving his life, including nearing completion on a degree in Russian Literature from Queen's University, Steven was found dead of a heroin overdose. Following his children's deaths, Chuvalo went into a deep depression. By the time of Steven's death, Chuvalo had also found himself in financial distress; the mortgage on his home had been foreclosed, and the contents of his house were being removed by creditors, although his economic situation improved over the following decades, due primarily to his giving speeches about his family's travails. Chuvalo's son Mitchell is a high school teacher, while daughter Vanessa manages a food market.

Three months after Lynne's death, Chuvalo married his second wife, Joanne O'Hara, 20 years his junior, in January 1994. She already had two children from two previous relationships.

Chuvalo's life, including the blows he had received in his boxing career, had taken a toll on his cognitive abilities. In 2018, a judge ruled that Chuvalo did not have the mental capacity to determine if he wished to reconcile with his wife after living apart for multiple years, and by 2022, he was suffering from advanced dementia.

In 1998, Chuvalo was appointed as a member of the Order of Canada and in 2005 received a star on Canada's Walk of Fame. For his career success and anti-drug speaking campaigns, Chuvalo was awarded the key to the city of Toronto by mayor Rob Ford on March 26, 2013.

Professional boxing record
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !No. !Result !Record !Opponent !Type !Round !Date !Location !Notes
 * - align=center
 * 93
 * Win
 * 73–18–2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 George Jerome
 * TKO
 * 3 (12)
 * Dec 11, 1978
 * align=left|🇨🇦 St. Lawrence Market, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|Retained Canadian heavyweight title
 * - align=center
 * 92
 * Win
 * 72–18–2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Earl McLeay
 * TKO
 * 1 (12)
 * Dec 8, 1977
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|Retained Canadian heavyweight title
 * - align=center
 * 91
 * Win
 * 71–18–2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Bob Felstein
 * KO
 * 9 (12)
 * Mar 7, 1977
 * align=left|🇨🇦 North York Centennial Centre, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|Won vacant Canadian heavyweight title
 * - align=center
 * 90
 * Win
 * 70–18–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Mike Boswell
 * KO
 * 7 (10)
 * Oct 30, 1973
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Twin Rinks, Cheektowaga, New York, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 89
 * Win
 * 69–18–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Tony Ventura
 * TKO
 * 3 (10)
 * Sep 25, 1973
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Twin Rinks, Cheektowaga, New York, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 88
 * Win
 * 68–18–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Charlie Boston
 * KO
 * 2
 * Sep 5, 1972
 * align=left|🇭🇹 Port-au-Prince, Haiti
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 87
 * Win
 * 67–18–2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Tommy Burns
 * KO
 * 1 (12)
 * Aug 10, 1972
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Nelson, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|Retained Canadian heavyweight title
 * - align=center
 * 86
 * Loss
 * 66–18–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Muhammad Ali
 * UD
 * 12
 * May 1, 1972
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Pacific Coliseum, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|For NABF heavyweight title
 * - align=center
 * 85
 * Win
 * 66–17–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Jim Christopher
 * KO
 * 2 (10)
 * Feb 21, 1972
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Winnipeg Arena, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 84
 * Win
 * 65–17–2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Charley Chase
 * TKO
 * 6 (12)
 * Jan 28, 1972
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Pacific Coliseum, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|Retained Canadian heavyweight title
 * - align=center
 * 83
 * Win
 * 64–17–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Cleveland Williams
 * UD
 * 10
 * Nov 17, 1971
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Astrodome, Houston, Texas, U.S.
 * - align=center
 * 82
 * Loss
 * 63–17–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Jimmy Ellis
 * UD
 * 10
 * May 10, 1971
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 81
 * Win
 * 63–16–2
 * align=left|🇫🇷 Charles Couture
 * KO
 * 2 (10)
 * Dec 11, 1970
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Austintown Fitch High School Gym, Youngstown, Ohio, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 80
 * Win
 * 62–16–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Tony Ventura
 * TKO
 * 4 (10)
 * Nov 5, 1970
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Forum, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 79
 * Win
 * 61–16–2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Tommy Burns
 * KO
 * 1 (12)
 * Oct 24, 1970
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 78
 * Win
 * 60–16–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Mike Bruce
 * KO
 * 2 (10)
 * Aug 15, 1970
 * align=left|Kosevo Stadium, Sarajevo, Yugoslavia
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 77
 * Loss
 * 59–16–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 George Foreman
 * TKO
 * 3 (10)
 * Aug 4, 1970
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
 * - align=center
 * 76
 * Win
 * 59–15–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Charlie Reno
 * KO
 * 3 (10)
 * Jun 30, 1970
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Seattle, Washington, D.C., U.S.
 * - align=center
 * 75
 * Win
 * 58–15–2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Gino Ricci
 * TKO
 * 1 (10)
 * May 10, 1970
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Kimberley, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 74
 * Win
 * 57–15–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Willie Tiger
 * KO
 * 10 (10)
 * May 1, 1970
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Fairgrounds, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 73
 * Win
 * 56–15–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Jerry Quarry
 * KO
 * 7 (10)
 * Dec 12, 1969
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
 * - align=center
 * 72
 * Win
 * 55–15–2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Leslie Borden
 * TKO
 * 3 (10)
 * Nov 16, 1969
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Kimberley, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 71
 * Win
 * 54–15–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Stamford Harris
 * TKO
 * 3 (12)
 * Sep 8, 1969
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Exhibition Pavilion, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 70
 * Loss
 * 53–15–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Buster Mathis
 * UD
 * 12
 * Feb 3, 1969
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
 * - align=center
 * 69
 * Win
 * 53–14–2
 * align=left|🇮🇹 Dante Cane
 * TKO
 * 7 (10)
 * Nov 12, 1968
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 68
 * Win
 * 52–14–2
 * align=left|🇲🇽 Manuel Ramos
 * TKO
 * 5 (10)
 * Sep 26, 1968
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
 * - align=center
 * 67
 * Win
 * 51–14–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Vic Brown
 * TKO
 * 3 (10)
 * Sep 17, 1968
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * - align=center
 * 66
 * Win
 * 50–14–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Levi Forte
 * TKO
 * 2 (10)
 * Sep 3, 1968
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Auditorium, Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 65
 * Win
 * 49–14–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Johnny Featherman
 * KO
 * 1 (12)
 * Jun 30, 1968
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Penticton, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 64
 * Win
 * 48–14–2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Jean-Claude Roy
 * UD
 * 12
 * Jun 5, 1968
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Exhibition Stadium, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
 * align=left|Won Canadian heavyweight title
 * - align=center
 * 63
 * Loss
 * 47–14–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Joe Frazier
 * TKO
 * 4 (10)
 * Jul 19, 1967
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 62
 * Win
 * 47–13–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Archie Ray
 * TKO
 * 2 (10)
 * Jun 22, 1967
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Adams Field House, Missoula, Montana, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 61
 * Win
 * 46–13–2
 * align=left|🇩🇪 Willi Besmanoff
 * TKO
 * 3 (10)
 * May 27, 1967
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Cocoa, Florida, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 60
 * Win
 * 45–13–2
 * align=left|🇩🇪 Willi Besmanoff
 * TKO
 * 3 (10)
 * Apr 4, 1967
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Auditorium, Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 59
 * Win
 * 44–13–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Buddy Moore
 * KO
 * 2 (10)
 * Mar 20, 1967
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Four Seasons Arena, Walpole, Massachusetts, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 58
 * Win
 * 43–13–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Dick Wipperman
 * TKO
 * 3 (10)
 * Feb 22, 1967
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Armory, Akron, Ohio, U.S.
 * - align=center
 * 57
 * Win
 * 42–13–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Vic Brown
 * KO
 * 4 (10)
 * Jan 16, 1967
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Four Seasons Arena, Walpole, Massachusetts, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 56
 * Win
 * 41–13–2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Willie McCormick
 * KO
 * 3 (10)
 * Dec 16, 1966
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Labrador City, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 55
 * Win
 * 40–13–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Dave Russell
 * TKO
 * 2 (10)
 * Nov 28, 1966
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 54
 * Win
 * 39–13–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Boston Jacobs
 * TKO
 * 3 (10)
 * Nov 21, 1966
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Cobo Arena, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 53
 * Win
 * 38–13–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Dick Wipperman
 * TKO
 * 5 (10)
 * Oct 12, 1966
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Paul Sauvé Arena, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 52
 * Win
 * 37–13–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Bob Avery
 * TKO
 * 2 (15)
 * Sep 15, 1966
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
 * - align=center
 * 51
 * Win
 * 36–13–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Mel Turnbow
 * KO
 * 7 (10)
 * Aug 16, 1966
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Paul Sauvé Arena, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 50
 * Loss
 * 35–13–2
 * align=left|🇦🇷 Oscar Bonavena
 * MD
 * 12
 * Jun 23, 1966
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 49
 * Win
 * 35–12–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Levi Forte
 * TKO
 * 2 (10)
 * May 15, 1966
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Miner's Forum, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada
 * - align=center
 * 48
 * Loss
 * 34–12–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Muhammad Ali
 * UD
 * 15
 * Mar 29, 1966
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|For WBC, NYSAC, and The Ring heavyweight titles
 * - align=center
 * 47
 * Loss
 * 34–11–2
 * align=left|🇦🇷 Eduardo Corletti
 * PTS
 * 10
 * Jan 25, 1966
 * align=left|Olympia, London, England
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 46
 * Win
 * 34–10–2
 * align=left| Joe Bygraves
 * PTS
 * 10
 * Dec 7, 1965
 * align=left|Royal Albert Hall, London, England
 * - align=center
 * 45
 * Loss
 * 33–10–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Ernie Terrell
 * UD
 * 15
 * Nov 1, 1965
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|For WBA heavyweight title
 * - align=center
 * 44
 * Win
 * 33–9–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Orvin Veazey
 * KO
 * 2 (10)
 * Aug 17, 1965
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Exhibition Stadium, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 43
 * Win
 * 32–9–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Dave Bailey
 * KO
 * 3 (10)
 * Jun 30, 1965
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Exhibition Stadium, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 42
 * Win
 * 31–9–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Ed Sonny Andrews
 * TKO
 * 1 (10)
 * Jun 7, 1965
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 41
 * Win
 * 30–9–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Bill Nielsen
 * TKO
 * 8 (10)
 * Apr 19, 1965
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 40
 * Loss
 * 29–9–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Floyd Patterson
 * UD
 * 12
 * Feb 1, 1965
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
 * - align=center
 * 39
 * Win
 * 29–8–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Calvin Butler
 * KO
 * 3 (10)
 * Nov 10, 1964
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Hull, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 38
 * Win
 * 28–8–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Doug Jones
 * TKO
 * 11 (12)
 * Oct 2, 1964
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
 * - align=center
 * 37
 * Win
 * 27–8–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Don Prout
 * TKO
 * 3 (10)
 * Jul 27, 1964
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Sargent Field, New Bedford, Massachusetts, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 36
 * Win
 * 26–8–2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Hugh Mercier
 * KO
 * 1 (12)
 * Mar 18, 1964
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
 * align=left|Won vacant Canadian heavyweight title
 * - align=center
 * 35
 * Loss
 * 25–8–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Zora Folley
 * UD
 * 10
 * Jan 17, 1964
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Cleveland Arena, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
 * - align=center
 * 34
 * style="background:#abcdef;"|Draw
 * 25–7–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Tony Alongi
 * PTS
 * 10
 * Nov 8, 1963
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.
 * align=left|Originally a decision win for Algoni, result was changed to a draw after an error with the scoring
 * - align=center
 * 33
 * Win
 * 25–7–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Mike DeJohn
 * MD
 * 10
 * Sep 27, 1963
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Louisville Gardens, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
 * - align=center
 * 32
 * Win
 * 24–7–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Lloyd Washington
 * KO
 * 2 (10)
 * May 18, 1963
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Central High Field House, Battle Creek, Michigan, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 31
 * Win
 * 23–7–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Chico Gardner
 * KO
 * 4 (10)
 * Apr 29, 1963
 * align=left|🇨🇦 London, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 30
 * Win
 * 22–7–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 James Wakefield
 * TKO
 * 6 (10)
 * Apr 22, 1963
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Windsor Arena, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 29
 * Win
 * 21–7–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Rico Brooks
 * TKO
 * 2 (10)
 * Mar 15, 1963
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 28
 * Loss
 * 20–7–1
 * align=left|🇬🇧 Joe Erskine
 * DQ
 * 5 (12)
 * Oct 2, 1961
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|Chuvalo was disqualified for headbutting
 * - align=center
 * 27
 * Loss
 * 20–6–1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Bob Cleroux
 * SD
 * 12
 * Aug 8, 1961
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Delormier Stadium, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Lost Canadian heavyweight title
 * - align=center
 * 26
 * Win
 * 20–5–1
 * align=left|🇩🇪 Willi Besmanoff
 * TKO
 * 4 (10)
 * Jun 27, 1961
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 25
 * Win
 * 19–5–1
 * align=left|🇦🇷 Alex Miteff
 * SD
 * 10
 * Mar 27, 1961
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 24
 * Win
 * 18–5–1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Bob Cleroux
 * UD
 * 12
 * Nov 23, 1960
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Forum, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Won Canadian heavyweight title
 * - align=center
 * 23
 * Loss
 * 17–5–1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Bob Cleroux
 * SD
 * 12
 * Aug 17, 1960
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Delormier Stadium, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Lost Canadian heavyweight title
 * - align=center
 * 22
 * Loss
 * 17–4–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Pete Rademacher
 * UD
 * 10
 * Jul 19, 1960
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 21
 * Win
 * 17–3–1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Yvon Durelle
 * KO
 * 12 (12)
 * Nov 17, 1959
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|Retained Canadian heavyweight title
 * - align=center
 * 20
 * Win
 * 16–3–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Frankie Daniels
 * TKO
 * 7 (10)
 * Sep 14, 1959
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 19
 * Loss
 * 15–3–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Pat McMurtry
 * UD
 * 10
 * Oct 17, 1958
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 18
 * Win
 * 15–2–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 James J. Parker
 * KO
 * 1 (12)
 * Sep 15, 1959
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|Won vacant Canadian heavyweight title
 * - align=center
 * 17
 * Draw
 * 14–2–1
 * align=left|🇦🇷 Alex Miteff
 * PTS
 * 10
 * Jun 16, 1958
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * - align=center
 * 16
 * Win
 * 14–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Howard King
 * KO
 * 2 (10)
 * Apr 21, 1958
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 15
 * Win
 * 13–2
 * align=left|🇨🇺 Julio Mederos
 * UD
 * 10
 * Jan 27, 1958
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * - align=center
 * 14
 * Loss
 * 12–2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Bob Baker
 * UD
 * 10
 * Sep 9, 1957
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 13
 * Win
 * 12–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Joe Schmolze
 * KO
 * 4 (10)
 * Jun 6, 1957
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Fort William, Ontario, Canada
 * - align=center
 * 12
 * Win
 * 11–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Emil Brtko
 * TKO
 * 2 (10)
 * Apr 22, 1957
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 11
 * Win
 * 10–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Moses Graham
 * KO
 * 2 (8)
 * Mar 25, 1957
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 10
 * Win
 * 9–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Walter Hafer
 * KO
 * 3 (8)
 * Mar 4, 1957
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 9
 * Win
 * 8–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Sid Russell
 * KO
 * 1 (8)
 * Jan 14, 1957
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 8
 * Win
 * 7–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Bob Biehler
 * UD
 * 8
 * Nov 19, 1956
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 7
 * Loss
 * 6–1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Howard King
 * SD
 * 8
 * Oct 22, 1956
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 6
 * Win
 * 6–0
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Joe Evans
 * KO
 * 1 (8)
 * Sep 10, 1956
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 5
 * Win
 * 5–0
 * align=left|🇿🇦 John Arthur
 * UD
 * 8
 * Jun 11, 1956
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto, Canada
 * align=left|
 * - align=center
 * 4
 * Win
 * 4–0
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Ed McGee
 * KO
 * 1 (3)
 * Apr 23, 1956
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|Jack Dempsey Heavyweight Novice Tournament
 * - align=center
 * 3
 * Win
 * 3–0
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Ross Gregory
 * KO
 * 1 (3)
 * Apr 23, 1956
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|Jack Dempsey Heavyweight Novice Tournament
 * - align=center
 * 2
 * Win
 * 2–0
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Jim Leonard
 * KO
 * 2 (3)
 * Apr 23, 1956
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|Jack Dempsey Heavyweight Novice Tournament
 * - align=center
 * 1
 * Win
 * 1–0
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Gordon Baldwin
 * TKO
 * 2
 * Apr 23, 1956
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|Jack Dempsey Heavyweight Novice Tournament
 * - align=center
 * 2–0
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Jim Leonard
 * KO
 * 2 (3)
 * Apr 23, 1956
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|Jack Dempsey Heavyweight Novice Tournament
 * - align=center
 * 1
 * Win
 * 1–0
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Gordon Baldwin
 * TKO
 * 2
 * Apr 23, 1956
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|Jack Dempsey Heavyweight Novice Tournament
 * - align=center

title: George Chuvalo


text:
Gandhigram Rural Institute

The Gandhigram Rural Institute (GRI) is a centrally-funded deemed university in Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India.

History
GRI was founded by G. Ramachandran and his wife T.S. Soundaram, in 1956. It adopted the education model of Mahatma Gandhi, Nai Talim. In 1976, it was declared a deemed university by the University Grants Commission (UGC) under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956. It is fully funded by the UGC.

In 2006, it was renamed Gandhigram Rural Institute as per the guidelines of UGC.

The institute has developed into a major educational complex, comprising seven faculties, offering more than 50 programmes. It awards doctoral, master's and bachelor's degrees, diplomas, and certificates through its seven academic faculties: rural development, rural economics and extension education, rural-oriented sciences, cooperation, development administration, rural sociology, and English, Tamil and Indian languages.

It has 3000 students, 150 teaching and 250 non-teaching staff.

The institute was accredited with a five-star status by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in 2002, an A grade during re-accreditation in 2010 and 2016.

Campus
The Gandhigram Rural Institute has a campus of nearly 200 acre in a rural setting, nestling in one of the enclaves of the Sirumalai range. To its west are chains of mountains including the Kodaikanal Hill Station. Lying north of Madurai, Gandhigram is easily accessible by rail and road. The climate is hot throughout the year.

Notable Alumni

 * K. R. Meera, Indian Writer
 * Raghavan (actor), Malayalam film industry
 * Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Prominent director

Transport
The nearest railway station is Ambathurai, the nearest major railway junction is Dindigul and the nearest major city is Madurai. The nearest airport is Madurai Airport.

Rankings
Gandhigram Rural Institute was ranked 91 among universities in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2020, rank 101–150 in 2021 and rank 151-200 in 2022.

Former Chancellors

 * P. B. Gajendragadkar, seventh Chief Justice of India
 * T. S. Soundram, Indian physician and politician
 * R. Venkatraman, eighth President of India
 * Shankar Dayal Sharma, eighth Vice President of India
 * K.R. Narayanan, tenth President of India
 * Krishan Kant, tenth Vice President of India
 * Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, eleventh Vice President of India
 * Mohammad Hamid Ansari, twelfth Vice President of India
 * Renana Jhabvala, social worker in India

Former Vice Chancellors

 * G. Ramachandran, social reformer
 * M. Aram, educator and peace activist
 * Devendra Kumar
 * D. K. Oza
 * T. R. Natesan
 * N. Markandan
 * G. Pankajam
 * T. Karunakaran
 * Sm. Ramasamy

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gandhigram Rural Institute


text:
Talk:Social

IMHO this a aron in its current form is too much like a dictionary entry, because it is about a word rather than about a thing. See Wikipedia is not a dictionary. Chadloder 03:22, 6 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Will someone please tell me what a 'Jizzy concept' is? If nobody can enlighten me, ....207.216.14.202 07:46, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

IMHO, the page should include a brief on 'social' as understood in anthropological terms. If one were researching the idea 'When did early man become a social being?' or 'What early evidence do we have of early man not being a social species?' I would want Wikipedia to point me to some reference for further research. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.113.228.142 (talk) 15:57, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

 * @Bhny 2601:153:4081:21E0:70E0:4CC1:C7B1:394 (talk) 23:05, 14 January 2024 (UTC)

Why is "Asocial" redirected here? 69.249.20.210 (talk) 02:07, 15 July 2008 (UTC)

This is like a huge, big, verbose disambig page. Needs serious cleanup, and a WikiProject. — This, that, and the other [talk] 07:16, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

This isn't an article at all. I'm going to redirect it to the disambig page Bhny (talk) 23:00, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

WP:Wikipedia_is_not_a_dictionary ''Sometimes, also, a Wikipedia article will be badly named. Its title will be an adjective or an adverb or an inflection of a verb that isn't a noun. [] For example: "supermassive" is an adjective, and doesn't by itself denote an actual subject. “Supermassive black hole” is an actual subject.'' Bhny (talk) 23:04, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

Use of Social in Manitoba
Does anyone have sources for these additions? —C45207 | Talk 06:39, 14 June 2009 (UTC) Take a trip to Winnipeg and ask anyone on the street, but here's what I found so far: popo — Preceding unsigned comment added by 187.207.60.100 (talk) 22:34, 23 February 2013 (UTC)

http://www.touchdownmanitoba.com/social.php

http://www.united-nations-of-beer.com/manitoba-social.html

http://www.zoominfo.com/people/Guille_Kevin_127922471.aspx

Like what the hell dude? How do you think sociologists gather research? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.79.87.224 (talk) 06:48, 14 June 2009 (UTC)
 * #2 looks like a good start. Do you know how to add this to the article?—C45207 | Talk 06:58, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

piss of yahh arse mate (Y) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.168.45.54 (talk) 07:32, 18 June 2009 (UTC)

"Strawberry Socials" are common in Ontario (possibly elsewhere in Canada as well.

http://www.thespec.com/article/581463

http://blog.en.chatelaine.com/tag/strawberry-social/

http://www.fftimes.com/node/224440

http://www.portstanleynews.com/details/headline.aspx?menu=1024_News_Regional_Strawberry+Social+Includes+Activities+for+Children

Recommend splitting off "Social (event)" or similar and adding a disambiguation page. Flyingsquirrel (talk) 19:49, 30 September 2009 (UTC)

Origin?
Is there an origin where the term 'social' comes from? Like whether its latin, greek, etc?

You may want to link to this article: Dolwick, JS. 2009. The 'Social' and Beyond: Introducing Actor-Network Theory at http://www.springerlink.com/content/0j537m2362328336/ The article examines several theories of the concept 'social' and discusses contemporary meanings. I used it for one of my classes and found it extremely helpful Ralph De (talk) 12:18, 22 January 2011 (UTC)

Muddle headed
In my opinion mergeing "gregarious" into "social" is muddle headed. I agree that the two concepts overlap considerably but their usage means that their focus is distinct, and from that destinction arises value. By mergeing (a Wiki obsession it seems to me) this value is lost.

In my case for instance, I was NOT looking for information about the adjective "Social". I was researching the classification of species and in particular the use, definition, origin etc of the denotion "gregarious" in this regard.

Suggesting that "Social" is some sort of overarching superordinate concept under which the concept "Gregarious" can be subsumed is like removing the denotion "Depression" and mergeing it into "Sadness".

Subsuming "Gregarious" into the relatively trivial/quotidial discourse of "Social" simply dumbs down and muddles the information relating to both. In the end it manifests an ignorance that debases Wikipedia.

LookingGlass (talk) 07:51, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I propose that social (disambiguation) be merged into social. Both are disambiguation pages. Bhny (talk) 15:24, 21 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Errm, social is not a disambiguation page. older ≠ wiser 16:40, 21 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Social *is* a disambig in it's meandering extended way. The whole point of the merge is that social isn't an article topic it is a disambig topic. (What do you mean about older ≠ wiser?) Bhny (talk) 16:51, 21 September 2014 (UTC)
 * No, I don't think social at present is a disambiguation page. It might qualify as a broad-concept article, but that is a type of article distinct from disambiguation pages in that linking to a broad concept article may be correct -- links to a disambiguation page are never correct (except for the narrow exceptions of intentional dab links. A disambiguation page lists topics that are known by the ambiguous term (i.e., that the topic could reasonably use the ambiguous term as an article title or as a redirect). older ≠ wiser 17:05, 21 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Do you think an adjective can be a broad concept? I notice all the examples at WP:BROADCONCEPT are nouns. The social article is so thin on anything of interest and scattered in terms of a topic. Bhny (talk) 17:48, 21 September 2014 (UTC)
 * WP:NOTDIC adjectives are usually redirected to nouns or are disambiguation pages or simply don't exist
 * So asking whether this article should exist is a different question from merging with it a disambiguation page. You might want to consider WP:AFD. While most of the topics covered on this page are associated with various concepts of what social means, very few are actually ambiguously referred to by the term social and as such there is very little to "merge" -- in essence, you are proposing to overwrite this page with the current disambiguation page. older ≠ wiser 19:14, 21 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Do you support deletion? Bhny (talk) 19:55, 21 September 2014 (UTC)
 * I'd have say I'm neutral about it. older ≠ wiser 02:36, 22 September 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm looking for some sort of consensus on what is to be done with this mess, so suggestions are welcome. Bhny (talk) 03:15, 22 September 2014 (UTC)

Political use
This idea: "The adjective "social" is also used often in politics, although its meaning in a context depends heavily on who is using it. In left-wing circles it is often used to imply a liberal characteristic, while in right-wing circles it is generally used to imply a conservative characteristic. "

is right in getting at the sheer flexibility of the political use of the word social but it is missing something. In particular, it may have been written from an American point of view in how it uses the word "liberal". In many European and European-influenced Latin or other political systems, "liberal" is still taken to mean classical liberal or neoliberal, and social or social democratic ideas are explicitly contrasted with liberalism. For example, one finds constitutional documents that describe their countries as "democratic and social", by which is implied some kind of commitment to democratic, populist, participatory government and/or maximum franchise, and to stronger responsibility by the political system for social well-being and integration, than was the case in the liberal polities of the early 19c, which could have oligarchic, franchise limiting qualities and limited social spending. That is to say, a leftward tendency in politics explicitly used the word social to describe something more left-wing, more progressive from their point of view and as a contrast to the idea of "liberal".

I submit that to equate social with liberal from a left wing perspective is an insufficiently world wide view and insufficiently historical. One might also consider that even contemporary progressive writing in Europe and the US has at least a generation long tradition of wanting to move beyond the word liberal, so perhaps this historical experience is being replicated.

For consideration by anyone looking to tackle this article. Random noter (talk) 23:12, 20 February 2019 (UTC)

 * Half of this entry does seem to be about specific political usage of the term, and as Random noter points out, also seems to be from a strongly American POV --Pbmax (talk) 13:55, 17 May 2019 (UTC)

Poderias caso queira e possa traduzir esta página? att 2804:14C:5BB1:8FDA:25B6:BAA1:366A:639E (talk) 01:15, 27 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Social


text:
Talk:Appassionato (music)

I vote for deletion. Wikipedia is not a dictionary. Chadloder 03:24, 6 Aug 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:Appassionato (music)


text:
Marc Ribot

Marc Ribot (born May 21, 1954) is an American guitarist and composer.

His work has touched on many styles, including no wave, free jazz, rock, and Cuban music. Ribot is also known for collaborating with other musicians, most notably Tom Waits, Elvis Costello, Vinicio Capossela and John Zorn.

Biography
Marc Ribot, who is of Jewish heritage, was born in Newark, New Jersey. He grew up in the Montrose section of South Orange, New Jersey.

He has worked extensively as a session guitarist. He has performed and recorded with Tom Waits, Caetano Veloso, John Zorn, David Sylvian, Jack McDuff, Wilson Pickett, Arto Lindsay, T-Bone Burnett, Medeski, Martin and Wood, Cibo Matto, Sam Phillips, Elvis Costello, Tift Merritt, Allen Ginsberg, Foetus, Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, Susana Baca, The Black Keys, Vinicio Capossela, Alain Bashung, McCoy Tyner, Elton John, Madeleine Peyroux, Marianne Faithfull, Diana Krall, Mike Patton, Stormin’ Norman and Suzy Williams, Neko Case, Joe Henry, Allen Toussaint, Robert Quine, Ikue Mori, and others. Ribot was a member of The Lounge Lizards for several years in the late 1980s. Band leader John Lurie later wrote: "Marc is a musical genius. So many ideas are coming out of that guy that it is actually often a problem."

Ribot's earliest work as a session musician was featured on Tom Waits's Rain Dogs (1985) and helped define Waits's new musical direction. Ribot worked with Waits on many of his following albums including Franks Wild Years (1987), Big Time (1988), Mule Variations (1999), Real Gone (2004), Orphans: Brawlers, Bawlers & Bastards (2006) and Bad as Me (2011). He has appeared on Elvis Costello's Spike (1989), Mighty Like a Rose (1991), and Kojak Variety (1995). Ribot has appeared on numerous recordings by John Zorn, including many of Zorn's Filmworks recordings, solo performances on Zorn's Masada Guitars (also featuring Bill Frisell and Tim Sparks), and is a member of Zorn's Bar Kokhba Sextet and Electric Masada.

Ribot's first two albums featured the Rootless Cosmopolitans, followed by an album of works by Frantz Casseus for solo guitar. Further releases found him working in a variety of band and solo contexts including two albums with his self-described "dance band", Marc Ribot y Los Cubanos Postizos (Prosthetic Cubans), featuring compositions by Arsenio Rodríguez.

Ribot admitted to Guitar Player a relatively limited technical facility due to learning to play right-handed despite being left-handed: "That's a real limit, one that caused me a lot of grief when I was working with Jack McDuff and realising I wasn't following in George Benson's footsteps. I couldn't be a straight-ahead jazz contender if you held a gun to my head."

He currently performs and records with his groups Marc Ribot's Ceramic Dog with bassist Shahzad Ismaily and drummer Ches Smith of the avant-garde band Secret Chiefs 3, Marc Ribot Trio with bassist Henry Grimes and drummer Chad Taylor of Chicago Underground, Marc Ribot y Los Cubanos Postizos with Horacio “El Negro” Hernandez on drums and original members pianist Anthony Coleman, bassist Brad Jones and percussionist EJ Rodriquez, and The Young Philadelphians, covering 1970s Philadelphia soul music with Philadelphia-based musicians bassist Jamaaladeen Tacuma and drummer G. Calvin Weston with guitarist Mary Halvorson plus a three-piece string section.

A biographical documentary film about Ribot was made, called The Lost String.

Ribot was also a judge for the sixth annual Independent Music Awards.

Discography

 * Rootless Cosmopolitans (Antilles, 1990)
 * Requiem for What's His Name (Les Disques du Crépuscule, 1992)
 * Marc Ribot Plays Solo Guitar Works of Frantz Casseus (Les Disques du Crépuscule, 1993)
 * Shrek (Avant, 1994)
 * Subsonic 1: Sounds of a Distant Episode with Shrek (Sub Rosa/Subsonic 1994, split album with Fred Frith)
 * The Book of Heads (Tzadik, 1995) composed by John Zorn
 * Don't Blame Me (DIW, 1995)
 * Surrender to the Air (1996)
 * Shoe String Symphonettes (Tzadik, 1997)
 * The Prosthetic Cubans (Atlantic, 1998) with Los Cubanos Postizos
 * Yo! I Killed Your God (Tzadik, 1999)
 * ¡Muy Divertido! (Atlantic, 2000) with Los Cubanos Postizos
 * Saints (Atlantic, 2001)
 * Inasmuch as Life is Borrowed (Ultima Vez, 2001) limited edition
 * Scelsi Morning (Tzadik, 2003)
 * Soundtracks Volume 2 (Tzadik, 2003)
 * Spiritual Unity (Pi, 2005)
 * Exercises in Futility (Tzadik, 2008)
 * Party Intellectuals (Pi, 2008) with Ceramic Dog
 * Silent Movies (Pi, 2010)
 * Your Turn (Northern Spy, 2013) with Ceramic Dog
 * Live at the Village Vanguard (Pi, 2014) with Henry Grimes and Chad Taylor
 * The Young Philadelphians: Live in Tokyo (Yellowbird, 2016) with the Young Philadelphians
 * YRU Still Here? (Northern Spy, 2018) with Ceramic Dog
 * Songs of Resistance: 1942–2018 (Anti-, 2018)
 * What I Did On My Long Vacation (Northern Spy (exclusively on Bandcamp), 2020) with Ceramic Dog
 * Hope (Northern Spy / Yellowbird / P-Vine, 2021) with Ceramic Dog
 * Connection (Knockwurst, 2023) with Ceramic Dog

Filmography

 * The Tune (1992)
 * Sabbath in Paradise (1998)
 * The Soul of a Man (directed by Wim Wenders) (2003)
 * A Bookshelf on Top of the Sky: 12 Stories About John Zorn (2004)
 * The Lost String (directed by Anais Prosaic)'' (2007)
 * Gare du Nord (2013)

title: Marc Ribot


text:
Wreck Beach

Wreck Beach (Squamish: Ts'at'lhm) is a clothing-optional beach located in Pacific Spirit Regional Park, which is in turn part of the University Endowment Lands just west of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The clothing-optional section is clearly marked with signs and stretches approximately 6.7 km from Acadia Beach, in the north, to the Booming Grounds Creek on the north arm of the Fraser River. The park is administered by the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD), though Indigenous claims are repeatedly asserted, especially by the Musqueam Nation.

History
The earliest evidence of Indigenous peoples inhabitation dates back to 13,000 B.C. being the hunting, fishing, logging, spiritual connection grounds for the Musqueam, referred to as “Ulksen” or “the nose”. The beach is man-made, reclaimed from the sea in a joint venture with the Canadian Army and UBC to train cadets for beach landings in WWI, hence the presence of the "instrument towers". In the Great Depression, nude bathing became popular due to high costs of swimsuits with men congregating on Siwash Rock in Stanley Park, in order to escape the puritanicalist oppression of local residents, a legacy of the Victorian era, they then flocked to Wreck Beach. The beach increased in popularity with hippies until the late 1960s when a police raid in 1970 yielded a dozen arrests. The Georgia Straight staged a nude-in protest with 3,000 showing up and the charges were dropped, with the police designating the area as a "no-harm, no-foul zone" until 1991 when it was officially designated a legally recognised nudist beach. On January 25, 1977, the Citizens Concerned for Coward's Cove was formally established, then changed to Wreck Beach Committee, then to the Wreck Beach Preservation Society in 1983. The WBPS has fought against these developments: a 20-million cubic meter dredging operation behind the North Arm breakwater; a parallel trail from Trail 6 to Trail 7 (One already built there quietly by two unknowns); a proposal to barge millions of gallons of "jet-fuel A" past Wreck Beach weekly; toe-to-cliff-top condominiums (proposed in 2004); a 20-foot high, 10-foot wide sea wall over the beach it would supposedly have been meant to protect; viewing platforms which would have changed the interpretation of the Canadian Criminal Code insofar as nudity was concerned; the cutting of 40-acres of cliff face forest and then, the shaving of the cliffs in those 40-acres, and the construction of an RCMP service road to and along the beach. Current threats to the beach area include a restaurant overlooking the beach, the elimination of all curb-side parking, the grassing in of Marine Drive, and possible washrooms on the beach level instead of above and out of sight of the beach. In 2012, permanent toilet outhouses were installed.

Acadia Beach – Tower Beach – Point Grey

The shoreline throughout these beaches is mainly rocky with some sandy stretches with fewer beach-goers. An area is provided for owners to have their dogs off leash. During the smelt season, naturists share this area with nude fishers and their families. Smelt fishing is typically prohibited from the middle of June to the middle of August.

Acadia Beach is short walk down a gentle slope from the parking lot on Marine Drive where there is a grassy area with several picnic tables. Tower Beach is at the end of the much longer Trail 3 and Point Grey is near the steeper Trail 4. There is pay parking close to Trail 3 and 4 at the Museum of Anthropology. All of Wreck Beach is contiguous and it is possible to walk along the entire coastline. However, when the tide is too high, access can be limited.

Along Tower Beach are two tall concrete range/direction instrument towers that are relics from World War II.

Along with lush vegetation, various forms of wildlife can also be seen, including nesting herons, sea lions, kingfishers, and bald eagles.

Wreck Beach proper and Trail 6
While the entire 7 km beach around to Point Grey from Acadia Beach to Booming Ground Creek is often referred to as Wreck Beach, the large sandy area on the north side of the North Arm Breakwater at the base of Trail 6 is what many think of when they talk about Wreck Beach. The trail is the most developed of the trails down the bluff and has 490 wooden steps set into the soil. At the bottom of Trail 6 is the most popular portion of the beach, a stretch of sand between two artificial rock jetties constructed as breakwaters, lined by a row of licensed vendors selling imported clothing, jewelry, drinks, snacks, and other beach related items. Other unlicensed vendors may be found wandering the beach selling alcoholic beverages.

Clothing is optional throughout Wreck Beach. Due to Wreck Beach's proximity to the University of British Columbia, many students and some faculty and staff visit the beach. In recent years many beach users have objected, on both privacy and environmental grounds, to the university's plans to construct new buildings close to the cliff edge and partially overlooking the beach.

Swimming and ocean water quality
Swimming is popular at Wreck Beach, primarily as brief "dips" for beachgoers to cool off. Since the ocean water is quite cold, swimming far from shore without a wetsuit and partner is not advised. Ocean waves in the summer, when present, are quite small and usually do not pose a risk to swimmers or waders. Rip currents are not known to be a problem and advisories are not usually posted. Caution should be taken when diving or jumping into the water to avoid any submerged rocks. Adverse interactions with marine wildlife or flora are unlikely, but jellyfish should be avoided as a precautionary measure. Small pleasure boats may anchor close to the beach and swimmers should avoid potential collisions with them.

A few times over the years, Metro Vancouver health authorities have issued advisories that the ocean's coliform bacteria counts near the beach are relatively high, and there may be potential risk to swimmers. However, Wreck Beach tends to have lower counts than many Vancouver beaches and gastrointestinal illness is generally unlikely.

title: Wreck Beach


text:
ISync

iSync is a defunct application developed by Apple Inc., which syncs iCal and Address Book data to SyncML-enabled mobile phones, via Bluetooth or by using a USB connection. It was first released on Jan 2, 2003, with technology licensed from fusionOne. Support for many (pre-October 2007) devices was built-in, with newer devices being supported via manufacturer and third-party iSync Plugins.

History
iSync's first beta was released on September 28, 2002.

In June 2003, The Register reported that an iSync 1.1 bug could lead to contacts without phone numbers being deleted from synced phones. iSync uses port 3004, which could also be blocked if the Mac OS X firewall was enabled.

Before the release of Mac OS X 10.4, iSync also synchronized a user's Safari bookmarks with the now-defunct .Mac subscription service provided by Apple.

Starting with Mac OS X 10.4, much of iSync's original syncing functionality was moved into the Sync Services framework, which developers can use to incorporate synchronization into their own applications. iSync, however, retained responsibility for the setup, configuration and synchronising of supported mobile handsets. Since the release of iTunes 4.8, the user interface for synchronizing iPods had been delegated to iTunes, although conflict-resolution and substantial changes to contact information (>5%) show an iSync panel. Synchronization with MobileMe (previously .Mac) was then the domain of MobileMe Sync, accessible through a System Preferences pane.

iSync was removed from Mac OS X in version 10.7 (Lion). However, since the underlying framework still existed in Lion and 10.8 (Mountain Lion), it was possible to restore the functionality of iSync using a 10.6 (Snow Leopard) installation or backup.

Device compatibility
In 2005, iSync supported iPods, personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, and other devices; iSync supported phones from Motorola, Nokia, Panasonic, Sony Ericsson, Siemens, and Sendo.

Before the release of iSync, Palm had released its own sync software, Palm Desktop for Mac, which it soon abandoned. Apple created its own software tool, called Palm Conduit, to make iSync compatible with Palm's HotSync protocol. iSync 2.0 directly integrated Palm Conduit. After the 2009 Palm Pre abandoned HotSync, Apple dropped Palm support from iSync 3.1 in Mac OS X Snow Leopard.

BlackBerry OS, Palm OS, and Windows Mobile (Pocket PC) devices were not officially supported by iSync, but could still be synchronized through the use of third-party iSync plug-ins.

title: ISync


text:
User:Labrat

available at www.nathanweber.hopto.org

title: User:Labrat


text:
Booker T. Jones

Booker Taliaferro Jones Jr. (born November 12, 1944) is an American musician, songwriter, record producer and arranger, best known as the frontman of the band Booker T. & the M.G.'s. He has also worked in the studios with many well-known artists of the 20th and 21st centuries, earning him a Grammy Award for Lifetime Achievement.

Biography
Booker T. Jones was born in Memphis, Tennessee, on November 12, 1944. He was named after his father, Booker T. Jones Sr., who was named in honor of Booker T. Washington, the educator. Booker T. Jones, Sr. was a science teacher at Memphis High School, providing the family with a relatively stable, lower middle-class lifestyle. Jones was musically a child prodigy, playing the oboe, saxophone, trombone, double bass, and piano at school and organ at church. Jones attended Booker T. Washington High School, the alma mater of Rufus Thomas, and collaborated with future stars like Isaac Hayes's writing partner David Porter, saxophonist Andrew Love of the Memphis Horns, soul singer/songwriter William Bell, and Earth, Wind & Fire's singer/songwriter Maurice White.

Jones's entry into professional music came at the age of 16, when he played baritone saxophone on Satellite (soon to be Stax) Records' first hit, "Cause I Love You", by Carla and Rufus Thomas. Willie Mitchell hired Jones for his band, in which Jones started on sax and later moved to bass. It was here that he met Al Jackson Jr., whom he brought to Stax. Simultaneously, Jones formed a combo with Maurice White and David Porter, in which he played guitar.

While hanging around the Satellite Record Shop run by Estelle Axton, co-owner of Satellite Records with her brother Jim Stewart, Jones met record clerk Steve Cropper, who would become one of the MGs when the group formed in 1962. Besides Jones on organ and Cropper on guitar, Booker T. and the MGs featured Lewie Steinberg on bass guitar and Al Jackson Jr. on drums (Donald "Duck" Dunn eventually replacing Steinberg on bass). While still in high school, Jones co-wrote the group's classic instrumental "Green Onions", which was a massive hit in 1962.

Bob Altshuler wrote the sleeve notes on the first Booker T. & the M.G.'s album Green Onions released by Stax Records in 1962:
 * [His] musical talents became apparent at a very early age. By the time he entered high school, Booker was already a semi-professional, and quickly recognized as the most talented musician in his school. He was appointed director of the school band for four years, and in addition, organized the school dance orchestra which played for proms throughout the Mid-South. In the classroom, he concentrated on the studies of music theory and harmony. ... Booker's multiple activities earned him a coveted honour, that of being listed in the students' "Who's Who of American High Schools." Booker's first instrument was the string bass, but he soon switched to the organ. Booker came to the attention of record executive Jim Stewart in Memphis, and while still in high school he worked as a staff musician for Stax Records, appearing as sideman on many recording dates for that label. It became obvious that one day Booker would be ready to record under his own name and several months later Booker's first recording session was set.

Over the next few years, Jones divided his time between studying classical music composition, composing and transposition at Indiana University, playing with the MGs on the weekends back in Memphis, serving as a session musician with other Stax acts, and writing songs that became widely regarded as classics. He wrote, with Eddie Floyd, "I've Never Found a Girl (To Love Me Like You Do)", Otis Redding's "I Love You More Than Words Can Say", and, with William Bell, bluesman Albert King's "Born Under a Bad Sign" (later popularized by the British rock group Cream).

In 1970, Jones moved to California and stopped playing sessions for Stax after becoming frustrated with Stax's treatment of the MGs as employees rather than musicians. Even though Jones was given the title of Vice President at Stax before leaving, as he put it, "There were titles given (to us) but we didn't actually make the decisions." While still under contract to Stax, he appeared on Stephen Stills's eponymous album (1970). The 1971 album Melting Pot would be the last Booker T. & the M.G.'s album issued on Stax.

Jones was married to Priscilla Coolidge in 1969, sister of singer Rita Coolidge. He produced Priscilla's first album Gypsy Queen in 1970; then the pair collaborated as a duo on three albums: 1971's Booker T. & Priscilla, 1972's Home Grown, and 1973's Chronicles, and Jones produced Priscilla's final solo album, Flying, in 1979, right as their marriage ended that year. Making the charts as a solo artist in 1981 with "I Want You", he produced Bill Withers's 1971 debut album Just as I Am (on which Jones played guitar as well as keyboards), Rita Coolidge's album Love Me Again (1978) and Willie Nelson's album Stardust (1978). Jones has also added his keyboard playing to artists ranging from the R&B/pop/blues of Ray Charles to the folk rock/country rock of Neil Young.

On June 18, 1985, Jones married Nanine Warhurst. They have three children together, and an additional five stepchildren from their prior relationships. One of their daughters, Olivia Jones, is also a performer, and starred in Candy Girls.

On March 1, 1995, Booker T. & the MGs won their first Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance for the song "Cruisin'". Jones still plays with the MGs and his own small combo called the Booker T. Jones Band. His current touring group includes Vernon "Ice" Black (guitar), Darian Gray (drums), and Melvin Brannon (bass).

Jones was inducted into The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992, and was honored with a Grammy Award for Lifetime Achievement on February 11, 2007.

In 2007, Jones was also inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee.

In 2009 he released a new solo album, Potato Hole, recorded with the Drive-By Truckers, and featuring Neil Young. He performed at the Bonnaroo Music Festival with Drive-By Truckers on June 6, 2009, with a set including most tracks from Potato Hole as well as some Truckers tracks. On January 31, 2010, Potato Hole won the Best Instrumental Album award at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards.

He is featured on the Rancid album Let the Dominoes Fall (2009), playing a Hammond B-3 on the track "Up to No Good".

Jones also played his B-3 on the track "If It Wasn't For Bad" from the Elton John and Leon Russell 2010 collaboration album titled The Union. The track was nominated at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals.

In 2011, Jones released The Road from Memphis. The backing band included Questlove (drums), "Captain" Kirk Douglas (guitar) and Owen Biddle (bass) from the Roots as well as former Motown guitarist Dennis Coffey and percussionist Stewart Killen. The album features vocals by Yim Yames, Matt Berninger, Lou Reed, Sharon Jones and Booker T. himself, as well as lyrics contributed by his daughter/manager Liv Jones. Jones also recorded with party band the Gypsy Queens on their eponymous album.

On February 12, 2012, The Road from Memphis won at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Pop Instrumental Album. Jones holds a total of four Grammy Awards.

Jones received an honorary doctorate degree from Indiana University's Jacobs School of Music at its 2012 undergraduate commencement. Jones originally attended Indiana University in the 1960s, even staying after his smash-hit Stax Records recordings.

Jones was featured on organ for singer Kelly Hogan on Hogan's 2013 release on Anti-Records, I Like to Keep Myself in Pain.

In June 2013, Jones released his 10th album, Sound The Alarm, on Stax Records after originally leaving the label more than 40 years previously in 1971. The album features guest artists Anthony Hamilton, Raphael Saadiq, Jay James, Mayer Hawthorne, Estelle, Vintage Trouble, Gary Clark Jr., Luke James, and Booker's son Ted Jones. That summer, he performed at the TD Kitchener Blues Festival in Ontario.

On September 1, 2017, Jones performed live at the Royal Albert Hall BBC Proms with Jools Holland and his Rhythm & Blues Orchestra in a tribute concert honoring the 50th anniversary of Stax Records alongside Steve Cropper, Sam Moore, William Bell and British artists Beverley Knight, Ruby Turner, James Morrison and Tom Jones.

On October 29, 2019, his memoir Time Is Tight: My Life, Note by Note was released. The memoir was mentioned on Fresh Air on October 25, 2019.

Solo discography

 * Evergreen (1974)
 * Try and Love Again (1978)
 * The Best of You (1980)
 * I Want You (1981)
 * Runaway (1989)
 * Potato Hole (2009)
 * The Road from Memphis (2011)
 * Sound the Alarm (2013)
 * Note by Note (2019)

Collaborations
With Priscilla Coolidge
 * Booker T. & Priscilla (1971)
 * Home Grown (1972)
 * Chronicles (1973)

With Otis Redding
 * Pain in My Heart (1964)
 * The Great Otis Redding Sings Soul Ballads (1965)
 * Otis Blue: Otis Redding Sings Soul (1965)
 * The Soul Album (1966)
 * Complete & Unbelievable: The Otis Redding Dictionary of Soul (1966)
 * King & Queen (1967)
 * The Dock of the Bay (1968)

With Sheryl Crow
 * Home for Christmas (2008)

With Eddie Floyd
 * Knock on Wood (1967)

With Willie Nelson
 * Stardust (1978)
 * Pretty Paper (1979)
 * Without a Song (1983)
 * Island in the Sea (1987)

With Levon Helm
 * Levon Helm & the RCO All-Stars (1977)

With Taylor Dayne
 * Soul Dancing (1993)

With Albert King
 * Born Under a Bad Sign (1967)

With Rosanne Cash
 * Seven Year Ache (1981)

With Rod Stewart
 * A Night on the Town (1976)

With William Bell
 * The Soul of a Bell (1967)

With LeAnn Rimes
 * Today Is Christmas (2015)

With Mickey Thomas
 * As Long as You Love Me (1977)

With Rita Coolidge
 * Rita Coolidge (1971)
 * The Lady's Not for Sale (1972)
 * Fall into Spring (1974)
 * It's Only Love (1975)
 * Anytime...Anywhere (1977)
 * Love Me Again (1978)
 * Satisfied (1979)

With Bill Withers
 * Just as I Am (1971)

With Natalie Cole
 * Good to Be Back (1989)

With Linda Ronstadt
 * Feels Like Home (1995)

With Richie Havens
 * The End of the Beginning (1976)

With John Lee Hooker
 * Mr. Lucky (1991)
 * Chill Out (1995)

With Elton John and Leon Russell
 * The Union (2010)

With Neil Young
 * Are You Passionate? (2002)

With Shawn Colvin
 * Fat City (1992)

With Boz Scaggs
 * Some Change (1994)

With Rodney Crowell
 * Rodney Crowell (1981)
 * Street Language (1986)
 * Life Is Messy (1992)

With Steve Perry
 * Traces "No More Cryin" (2018)

With Matt Berninger
 * Serpentine Prison (2020)

Current lineup

 * Booker T. Jones – keyboards
 * Ted Jones – guitar
 * Melvin Brannon Jr. a.k.a. M-Cat Spoony – bass
 * Darian Gray – drums

title: Booker T. Jones


text:
Talk:Caterpillar D9

Untitled
This is an article about a frakking line of bulldozers people, not an opportunity for everyone with a grievance to vent their frustration! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.225.188.82 (talk) 19:42, 7 April 2012 (UTC)

Give Me a Break
I completely agree with the above comment and further note that if every D9 bull dozer disappeared from the planet tonight; tomorrow people would simply go out and buy something similar from one of a dozen different manufacturers around the globe!

It is asinine to scape goat a product for mis-use (real, or percieved) by users.

I am sure that your steak knife, care, or other common item has been used by someone, somewhere to do harm - does that mean we should ban those items too? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 169.252.4.21 (talk) 12:30, 30 July 2012 (UTC)

 * To which comment are you referring to? You started a fresh section, (and new sections in most cases need to be placed at the bottom of the talkpage), with your comment being the first made.TMCk (talk) 15:39, 30 July 2012 (UTC)

Controversial bulldozer?
How on earth can a bulldozer have a controversial reputation? Chadloder 04:02, 6 Aug 2003 (UTC)

If you don't follow the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, then it's not likely that you'd be familiar at all with it. The only prominence the D9 has gotten in international affairs is in its use in Palestine as a tool of war. Namely, for large and small scale destruction houses (which many claim to be in violation of the Geneva conventions), and in a few cases, entire villages. Also, it earned notoriety for the death of Rachel Corrie.

If you don't trust that it's controvertial, I suggest that you go to www.google.com, and type in "Caterpillar D9" into the search bar. Karen 17:47, 8 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * I'd never heard of the D9 before today. However, the bulldozer used in the Rachel Corrie incident could just as easily have been another model.  The incident distinguishes the Caterpillar D9 not at all, nor does it in the least make the model "controversial." - Hephaestos 01:23, 9 Aug 2003 (UTC)

I follow the Israeli-Palestinian conflict very closely. I'm not denying that the death of Rachel Corrie is a controversial issue. I don't see how it makes the bulldozer controversial. To illustrate: the D.C. snipers drove 1990 Chevy Caprice Classic with a modified trunk. Does this mean I should go add an article for Chevrolet Caprice and call it a "controversial sniper-mobile"? Chadloder 01:17, Aug 9, 2003 (UTC)

The D9 is one of only a few types of bulldozers in the world used for military applications. The only other types that I am aware of that are actively used in combat situations are the Caterpillar D8, the Caterpillar D4, and a couple others. The D8H and a few others are used for mineclearing, but that's not controversial. Your analogy would only be apt if the Chevy Caprice Classic was one of the only types of cars ever used in sniping. Likewise, is sniping one of the things that the Caprice is most famous for? Because the death of Rachel Corrie and the use of the D9 in home demolitions is what it has the most international notoriety for.

If you can name something that is more notable about the D9 than its extensive use in controvertial illegal demolitions, be my guest. Until then, I recommend that you leave the only thing that makes the D9 particularly noteworthy *in*. :) Rei 16:11, Aug 11, 2003 (UTC)

 * The demolitions are legal according to the Fourth Geneva Convention under the article that states that when houses are use for violent purposes they are deprived of their civilian-state protection.

BTW, if you want to discuss wording, I welcome it wholeheartedly. But if an object is really only famed for one thing (which a quick google.com search shows to be quite true), it's irresponsible to censor that out if you're trying to make a knowledge source here. And if you have anything else about it that seems noteworthy to you, I would welcome it as well. But, as it stands, this is what the D9 is famous for. Rei 16:18, Aug 11, 2003 (UTC)

Well, they're widely used in construction and mining, as well. The D9 is large enough not to be trailered around casually, making the somewhat smaller machines more commonplace. A few of the excavation contractors around my area have them, though the D7 is more popular. Like other industrial equipment, there isn't much of a web presence. I was unaware of an armored version. Is this manufactured by Cat or is the armor added by others? I think that to call the machine controversial hardly reflects a balanced view; any number of smaller machines could conceivably been used as well as any of the large machines made by other manufacturers, which are legion. Kat 21:48, 11 Aug 2003 (UTC)

As far as I am aware, Israel is the only nation who has been actively using the D9 in combat, although the US has recently bought some armored D9s as well. I'll add in more specifics about the armored version to the page; would you liked to add more info about the un-armored version? Technically, any bulldozer can be armored; however, the D9 is one of the only ones that is used as a weapon of war in any quantity. Rei 15:25, Aug 12, 2003 (UTC)

I'll see what I can drum up. Maybe I can take a photo of one. Kat 20:51, 12 Aug 2003 (UTC)

I've added some websites with photos of the armoured version of the D9. There are 3 armies using the D9: Israel, the US and France. While France is using a D9 antique as a platform for mine-rollers and the Americans use them as a larger Caterpillar D7, the Israelis are using the D9 also for combat purposes (more details in the article). While the whole Israeli-Palestinian conflict is controversial, the D9 is no different than a tank (well, it is more versatile and has a blade insted of a gun). All in all, the Israelis use it well for saving their soldiers' lives.

 * here are some GFDL images on Rachel Corrie that could work here. I've cropped out Corrie herself, so we just get pictures of the 'dozer. Martin 17:43, 24 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Edited first paragraph of IDF D9 usage for citations. The usage of a biased organization's information as fact is not proper. -Unregistered Wikipedian (17:54, 5 June 2006)

I would like to put my say in this. I have been following the issues regarding this machine and what it has done and can do. The D9 is an engineering device. It can be used to construct or destroy. It can easily be used to clear farmland as much as it can destroy buildings. When the Chinese invented gun powder they used it to make fireworks, turns out it is also good for shooting depleted uranium at people. The D9 is an amazing machine. Don’t bash the machine for what it was built to do, bash the people that are using it as a war machine. Also the D9 can be armored for a reason. I have worked on several dangerous construction projects and ill tell you this. A iron beam weighing a little over 6 tons falling 4 stories has more potential energy than a the most powerful land mine. So when your doing demolition your not just going to bring in your average bulldozer. The D9 is the god of bulldozers and is not a killing machine. The machine is doing exactly what it was built to do. It cant drive it self and it cant just say "Hey, I think ill go on a demolition rampage through the Gaza strip today!". If your going to through words out aim them at the people responsible for the demolitions. And as regards to this  <<<<<   If you can name something that is more notable about the D9 than its extensive use in controversial illegal demolitions, be my guest. Until then, I recommend that you leave the only thing that makes the D9 particularly noteworthy *in*. :) Rei 16:11, Aug 11, 2003 (UTC)>>>>   The road side cellular bombs, that are responsible for a huge amount of killings, are usually made out of old imbedded antenna phones. Does that mean that old phones are controversial items? The phones are not generally noted for anything else. They must be evil! And being a heavy machinery enthusiast I know the D9 is praised for its reliability, ease of use, and massive power over any other bulldozer in its class. Over all the D9 should not even be regarded as a part of the Israel - Palestine war issues but as an extremely effective engineering machine. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.26.73.167 (talk • contribs)

 * I agree with most of what you say, the D9 is truely an amazing machine. The Israel Defense Forces used the IDF D9, which is equipped with heavy armor by Israel (and not by Caterpillar Inc.) for counter-terrorism operations, and it needs heavy armor for good reasons. Most of it use during the Second Intifada was to detonate booby traps, Improvised explosive devices, belly charges, roadside bombs and anti-tank and anti-personnel mines, planted by the Palestinians. The armored D9 survived IEDs as large as 500 kg of explosives (this amount can destroy a house)! Yes, the D9 also demolished houses and cleared farmlands. The IDF states that the demolition is necessary for counter-terrorism measures, as these houses and farmlands are often rigged with explosives (I can tell you about a case in Operation Cast Lead when a D9 knocked down a door and triggered a house full with explosive. Imagine a houseful of explosive exploding and falling on the top of you. The IDF D9 survived, its operators didn't got hurt.) and use as gunposts, anti-tank rockets shooting posts and artillery rockets launching posts - by Palestinian factions. Should this debate - whether the use of Israel by the D9 is justified or not (I think it does) - should be mention here only in a brief (few sentences, presenting the opinions of both sides), and expanded debate may be held at Talk:IDF Caterpillar D9.  M  ath  K  night   19:05, 30 July 2012 (UTC)

Pictures
The picture is great, unforunately - it makes the text beside unreadable (too short lines) - I think I'll change its properties to make it center, no float.

Secondly, the IDF has only D9 (L,N,R). Everybody mistaking the big D9L for a D10, but it is not true. There are no D10 and D11 in the army (perhapes only in their civilian configuration, on lease).

 * I de-floated the big piccy.

 * I also re-added the photos of the military version. We're allowed to have more than one image on a page, and I think these images are worthwhile, carefully placed in the section discussing military usage. Obviously they would be inappropriate at the top of the page, though. Martin 20:37, 25 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * Btw, see alternate text for images. Martin 20:45, 25 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Oops. Removed the "larger versions" since they weren't actually any closer-up as one expects larger versions to be. Still, I suppose they were possibly useful for size-comparisons...? Evercat 20:59, 25 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * That was kinda my thinking. But maybe they're not useful enough? Hard to say. Martin 21:07, 25 Oct 2003 (UTC)

We do have the big thing at the top with dimensions - is the military version bigger? Anyway, Image:RachelCorrie.jpeg is, on my monitor at least, really badly contrasted, though Image:RachelProtest.jpeg is OK... Evercat 21:10, 25 Oct 2003 (UTC)

That small picture is of an unarmored bulldozer. You can clearly see the light passing through the back and front windows of the cab, which shows the size and shape of the glass. This is obviously a standard cab. The armored cabs have very small, square windows. The cab is also clearly missing the "bulk" that the armored cabs have. -Hoskie

No, it is a picture of an armored bulldozer. You can see the metal-net upon the blade and that's, along with the smaller "unbulky" cabine indicates it is the D9R bulldozer. Here are picctures of an armored D9R from the front and from the rear. As you can see - the cabine is definately different from the cabine of a D9N and looks thiner and lighter (mainly because of the larger windows) - but it is still armored and the windows still can deflect large caliber rounds. The D9R armor is different than the armor the IDF installed on previous D9 models.

 * It's a photo provided by the ISM of an Israeli bulldozer in Rafah, described by all witnesses as an armoured bulldozer - I'd be surprised if it was unarmoured. Martin 18:41, 27 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what the above author is claiming the metal-net blade proves? Blades come with and without that "net" on both current and previous generations of tractors.  That leaves us with the cabin shape, which isn't well shown in this picture.  The accounts at the ISM don't seem to be in agreement as to whether this was an armored tractor, or a regular tractor.  The armoring of the Corrie tractor seems speculative to me, but I'll keep researching. -Hoskie

 * If you'll see the all the pictures in the links you'll see there is a correlation between the blade netting and the D9 generation (i.e. IDF D9L and D9N don't have blade nettings, only the D9R has one). Secondly, the Rache; accodint occured in Rafah, a place known as damgerous because of booby-traps and snipers threats. The soldiers weren't allowed to step out of their armored vehicles because of the sniper threat, and therefore - indicates the D9 operated there was armored (to protect the driver from snipers' fire). Unarmored D9 usually aren't colored in green-olive but stay in the orginal yellow paint.

If you are unsatisified by the current pictures of an armored D9, you can use the following:
 * IDF D9N with machine gun (Source: IDF spokesman, AFAIK - free to use)
 * IDF D9N in Arafat's Compund (Source: unknown, need cropping)
 * IDF D9 destroys a house that was baricaded by Hamas leader in Hebron, Bassal Qawasameh (Source: AP or AFP or Reuters - was taken from Yahoo News Photos)
 * Israeli-armored D9R that were sold to the USA in Iraq (Source: MgGrew-Hill Engineering News)

They are much better pictures than those provided by the ISM and give full view of the D9 dozer instead partial view.

 * Are they GFDL or public domain? If not, we can't use them... Martin 22:48, 27 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Ok - this is how I fixed it. Instead of arguing over whether the old picture was of an armored one or not, I uploaded a US govt picture of one that is clearly armored. This picture is better, too, because it clearly shows the armor. -Hoskie

May want to add something about the new Robot Bulldozers used by the IDF. -Penta 06:37, 31 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * You may have noticed that there was a link there to this article :) Also note that "No D-9 driver was killed..." from that article confirms how good is the armour kit on this tractor.

-

Hi "80.179.85.7" - you requested an explanation. Unfortunately, a few of your changes were in non-standard English, so I couldn't understand what you were trying to say. I have removed the additions that I found problematic. I also reverted one change where you combined to sentences into one - I felt that the seperated sentences were clearer. I kept your other changes. Thanks for contributing to Wikipedia! :)

 * As long it is only grammer changes it is fine by me. I am not a native English speaker.

Rafah demolitions
I removed this part:

>> According to the IDF, about 50 houses were destroyed during Operation Rainbow on mid May 2004, while according to the Israeli Human Rights group B'Tselem, 114 houses were destroyed in a single weekend, leaving 1,160 people homeless before the operation ; the UNRWA reported 88 buildings destroyed in the operation itself, with 1064 people left homeless. . Later UNRWA dropped the number to 45 houses razed.  <<

Since it is pretty unrelevant to the article. It is merely an agrument about numbers. I replaced it with a short paragraph >> The destruction of hundreds of structures in Rafah is highly contraversial issue: the Israeli Defence Forces claim the destruction is a security neccessity and that most houses destroyed were used for terrorist activity; Palestinians claim the destruction left thousands of people homeless and is done systematicly in order to create a "buffer zone" between Rafah and Philadelphi Route. << The proper place for discussion is either al-Aqsa intifada article, or the articles about Rafah or Operation Rainbow. I think that's conclude that issue. MathKnight 14:10, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Heemeyer "Killdozer" rampage in Granby
Regarding this link: http://www.killdozer.us/ that anon-user added: It is some sort of a fan-site to Marvin Heemeyer's armored bulldozer. MathKnight 10:00, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) Does it should be removed or not?
 * 2) The webmaster don't understand much about bulldozers.
 * 3) * Marv DID NOT had a D9R model (the tracks are totally different), but an older (I guess a D9G or D9H) which is no more under production.
 * 4) * They published a picture of an IDF armored bulldozer and captioned it a "D9R" although it is actually a D9N.

"With great sucess"
I placed a NPOV warning on this page. I have not read the complete page but this caption says: An IDF armoured military D9 bulldozer. D9s were operated by the Israeli Engineering Corps since the Six Day War, with great success." I cannot simply call the destruction of houses of innocent people " great success". It's not NPOV. Bontenbal 17:42, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

MathKnight 17:52, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) The title of the picture is refering to the usage of the D9 since the Six Day War, including Yom Kippur War and Operation Peace of Galilee. The usages of a D9 are much wider than demolishing houses. In fact, the main usage of the D9 are engineering works and clearing out minefields. D9 bulldozers were involved in the breaching of the Suez Canal and paving a way to the besieged Israeli soldiers on the peak of Mount Hermon. Overall, the D9 proven itself in its 30 years of service within the IDF.
 * 2) Many of the houses the D9 destroyed were not of innocent men. The D9 is an armored bulldozer - and is mainly being used when there is a serious life danger in the AO (Area of Operation). Where there is no such danger (for example: demolishing building that were built without a permit), the demolition is carried out either by explosives or civilian excavators.
 * 3) The argument about house demolition is some-what surpasses the scope of this article, and is handled in the article al Aqsa Intifada.
 * 4) Have we resolved the differences?

 * No, although I do admit that successes have been achieved with this bulldozer, you cannot say it was successful by all standards. Therefore I suggest you leave leave the words "with great success" out of the caption. Bontenbal 11:12, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * And then the NPOV will be resolved? MathKnight 12:10, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, but we also need to change the bold part of the next sentence: "This method was also employed (with great success) in Jenin during Operation Defensive Shield after 13 Israeli soldiers were killed in an ambush". Either leave it out or change it into '' with great success for the Israeli Army. (I also prefer Israeli Army, which is plain English, over IDF which is jargon, but I will not make a problem of it). Bontenbal 23:41, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I think it is quit clear that the success aspect refer to the IDF. The method enabled the IDF to handle militants efficiently without loosing soldiers for snipers or booby traps. How about changing it to "This method was also employed in Jenin during Operation Defensive Shield after 13 Israeli soldiers were killed in an ambush, resulting in the surrender of dozens of gunmen without further Israeli casualties.'" MathKnight 00:09, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * That's okay. If it's changed the NPOV will be resolved! Bontenbal 11:37, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm doing the change. MathKnight 19:30, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Size
The article says the D9 is 4m tall; but the picture of the IDF armored D9 looks to be at about twice that height. Is there some perspective trickery going on to make the presumed Palestinians in the foreground look even more defenseless? --Golbez 09:09, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)

 * The picture is of the D9L, which is larger than the D9R (but is height should be around the 4m). The lack of proportions in the picture may be caused due to angle of photo or becaus

Heemeyer dozer - a CAT D9 or a Komatsu D335A ?
Following the comment:
 * Please note: Local newspapers are quite specific in identifying the Heemeyer bulldozer as a Komatsu D335A - not a Caterpillar D9.

I moved this section into the Talk page until the type of Hemeyer's bulldozer could be determined. MathKnight 17:05, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Civilian incident illustrating the D9's power
Please note: Local newspapers are quite specific in identifying the Heemeyer bulldozer as a Komatsu D335A - not a Caterpillar D9.

On the 4th of June, 2004 a Granby, Colorado, USA resident by the name of Marvin Heemeyer ran amok driving a modified D9 and destroyed several houses and community buildings in the small farming village of Granby. He crashed the buildings of his adversaries in a zoning dispute involving his muffler shop and a new concrete mixing plant. Heemeyer fitted makeshift concrete armor to the vehicle, turning it into a tank-like mobile fortress. The cabin, engine and tracks were protected by reinforced concrete armor that was, in places, over one foot thick. The driver's vision of where he was going was provided by video cameras outside the driver's compartment feeding three CRTs inside. Heemeyer also provided food, water, and air conditioning for himself inside the fortified driver's cabin. The bulldozer was armed with several rifles and a .50 caliber (12.7 mm) gun. The D9 itself was an old model that was no longer in production.

During the one-and-a-half hour rampage, law enforcement officers fired hundreds of bullets at the makeshift tank and set off explosive charges against it, but could not stop the D9's rampage. Finally the fortified D9 came to rest, trapped in the rubble of a collapsed building. A failed radiator brought the vehicle to a halt. Heemeyer apparently took his own life in his cockpit, while SWAT teams were using explosives and oxy-acetylene cutting torches to gain access to the driver's compartment.

Although nobody else was killed in the incident, property damage was very extensive. According to many reports, Heemeyer went out of his way to avoid killing innocents, and apparently the purpose of his rampage was solely to cause extensive property damage to his 'enemies.'

See: killdozer (bulldozer).

Combat Bulldozer
If no one objects, I'd like to move the details of both Israeli and American usage from the D9 article to a new "Combat bulldozer" article.  Tewfik Talk 05:02, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I moved the appropriate sections to Armored bulldozer.  Tewfik Talk 03:32, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

Recent Changes
Stop trying to make this article make Israel seem as if it is completely innocent of any wrongdoing. To call a campaign of demolishing houses and uprooting trees, an anti-terror campaign is not accurate. Simply leave the facts as they are and let them speak for themselves. For example- No one on earth can say that Rachel Corrie 'fell and was killed' by an IDF bulldozer, she may very well have been deliberately run over, so the only correct phrasing is to say she was killed by an IDF bulldozer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.144.210.13 (talk • contribs)

 * I hope that I was able to resolve any NPOV issues. Cheers,  Tewfik Talk 22:34, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Prix and Possibility for bay
GFC

Bonjour le Chargé de l’information de VANVLIET TRUCKS HOLLAND B.V Au fait nous vous avons découvert par le biais d’une entreprise analogue à la notre. Nous sommes une entreprise de Fourniture et de Construction commune appelée GFC (Guinéenne de Fourniture et de Construction) basée à Conakry, Sig Madina Immeuble El-Hadj BARRY, Commune de Matam, B.P : 2017 Conakry - République de Guinée, Tél +224 60 55 93 95/ +224 60 34 52 93. Nous oeuvrons brièvement dans les domaines de réalisation des barrages hydro agricoles, de forages, d’infrastructures publiques et privées (des routes, des pistes rurales, des ponts, des écoles des édifices, d’aménagements de plaines et de bas-fonds, et autres). En effet, dans un revus sur vos services, quelques engins lourds nous ont intéressé et dont nous voulons savoir « les prix » 1-	CATERPILLAR D9N  TRACKED  BULLDOZER 2-	CATERPILLAR D8H  TRACKED  BULLDOZER, ’90 3-	CATERPILLAR 966F  4x4  WHEEL  LOADER, ’94 4-	CATERPILLAR 918F  4x4  WHEEL  LOADER 5-	CATERPILLAR 918F  4x4  WHEEL  LOADER 6-	CATERPILLAR 14G   6x6  GRADER 7-	CATERPILLAR 235C  TRACKED  ESCAVATOR Dans l’attente d’une suite favorable à ma requête, veillez agréer, Monsieur le chargé des informations de VANVLIET, l’expression de ma haute considération.

info@vanvliet.nl

M. DIOUBATE Mohamed Lamine Ingénieur Informaticien chargé des contacts par mail de l’entreprise Depuis Conakry

Military applications section is problematic
Currently, the section makes it seem as if the Israeli D9s are used in direct combat with terrorists, while some peaceniks are upset over the vague "destruction it caused to the Palestinians". While D9s certainly have been used in standoff situations, the condemnations center around their much more widespread use to destroy homes and orchards for what is widely seen as collective punishment of civilians. For example, in Gaza, the IDF used bulldozers to level more than a thousand homes simply because they were too close to the Egyptian border for Israel's liking. Entire olive orchards are scraped to the ground because, allegedly, some Palestinian took a rifle shot at an Israeli soldier from the general area. Homes are demolished in the middle of the night, with a half hour's warning to the inhabitants, for no stated reason whatsoever. I realize that this is an article about a piece of equipment, and not about the controversy, but we currently have a section which makes the D9 sound like some kind of magic anti-terror defense shield. Worse than no section at all, if you ask me. Eleland 15:55, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Picture in the Infobox
From a NPOV I believe that the picture in the info box should be a picture of a standard civilian bulldozer because the vast majority of D9s are used by civilians without any armor. A military bulldozer might give the wrong idea that D9s are made just for the military. I am not saying remove all military photos because that is a use of the bulldozers but most are used for non-military applications. Joedamadman (talk) 01:14, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

 * If no one else is going to respond to this, I will take the librity of changing the picture myself. Joedamadman (talk) 19:23, 17 December 2007 (UTC)
 * The image is there because it simply gives the best overview of the D9. The pictures of civilian bulldozers were taken from not so good angles and the D9 is partly blended by trucks and other engineering vehicles. If you have a better picture of a D9, you may replace. Maybe it worth a while to achieve a picture of a D9T (even to ask it from Caterpillar tractor company), the latest Caterpillar D9 model.  M ath  K  night  Gothic Israeli Jew 16:13, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I sent an email to Caterpillar Inc. requesting an image in public domain or permission to use any other image. Joedamadman (talk) 21:50, 18 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Let's hope that they will answer and agree to send a picture :-)  M ath  K  night  Gothic Israeli Jew 10:54, 19 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Sadly our request for a photo was denied by CAT. If anyone comes across a civilian D9 please take and upload a good photo. Joedamadman (talk) 05:19, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

What you really ought to do is go to a website where used machines are sold and ask the sellers if you can use one of their pictures. | This one, or Caterpillar D9 for example, came up high on google. --JGGardiner (talk) 10:35, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Good Idea. I am going to email for this image here and hope we get a positive response. Joedamadman (talk) 22:22, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
 * They never even responded. So I am moving onto another image. Joedamadman (talk) 03:29, 8 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I too sent CAT a request from free image but they sent me to fill some form and after I did that they never returned to me.  M ath  K  night  Gothic Israeli Jew 19:05, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

Redirecting mineplows
Mineplows directs to land mines. To find out what is meant by 'mineplow', I had to copy the word into the search box. 70.181.235.76 (talk) 20:20, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * fixed, thank you. Frietjes (talk) 16:33, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Caterpillar D9


text:
Han (Warring States)

Han was an ancient Chinese state during the Warring States period of ancient China. Scholars frequently render the name as Hann to clearly distinguish it from China's later Han dynasty.

It was located in central China (modern-day Shanxi and Henan) in a region south and east of Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Zhou. It was ruled by aristocrats of the Ji (姬) family ancestral temple who rose to power as a ministerial family in the state of Jin, and whose power eventually eclipsed that of the Jin ruling house. The partition of Jin which resulted in the states of Han, Wei, and Zhao, marked the beginning of the Warring States period.

The state of Han was small and located in a mountainous and unprofitable region. Its territory directly blocked the passage of the state of Qin into the North China Plain.. Although Han had attempted to reform its governance (notably under Chancellor and "Legalist" Shen Buhai who improved state administration and strengthened its military ability) these reforms were not enough to defend itself and it was the first of the seven warring states to be conquered by Qin in 230 BC.

Qin invasion of Han's Shangdang Commandery in 260 BC resulted in the Battle of Changping, claimed to be the bloodiest battle of the Warring States period where up to 400,000 soldiers died.

Founding
According to chapter 45 of the Records of the Grand Historian, the royal family of Han was a cadet branch of the royal family of the state of Jin. The founder of the Han clan Wuzi of Han was the uncle of Duke Wu of Jin.

Members of the family became ministers in the powerful state of Jin and were granted Hanyuan (modern Hancheng in Shaanxi).

Spring and Autumn period
During the Spring and Autumn period, members of the Han family slowly gained more and more influence and power within Jin. In 453 BC, Jing of Han, along with Wen of Wei and Lie of Zhao partitioned Jin among themselves. In Chinese history, this Partition of Jin is the event which marks the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States. Subsequently, Han was an independent polity. King Lie eventually recognized the new states in 403 BC and elevated the rulers to (hou, "marquess").

Warring States Period
In 375 Han defeated the neighboring state of Zheng (founded in 806 by the Zhou dynasty). Han conquered and annexed Zheng, thus expanding its territory. Han also moved its capital there, and assimilated Zheng's heritage. This included that of the young politician Shen Buhai (400-337).

Han's highest point occurred under the rule of Marquess Xi. Xi appointed Shen Buhai as his chancellor and implemented his Legalist policies. These reforms improved state administration and strengthened its military capability. Under King Xuanhui ( 332–312 BC), Han declared itself an independent kingdom.

However, Han was disadvantaged in the competition of the Warring States period because Jin's partition had left it surrounded on all sides by strong states: Chu to the south, Qi to the east, Qin to the west, and Wei to the north. Han was then the smallest of the seven states and was without any easy way to further expand its own territory and resources, It was bullied militarily by its more powerful neighbors.

Defeat
During its steady decline, Han eventually lost the power to defend its territory and had to request military assistance from other states. The contest between Wei and Qi over control of Han resulted in the Battle of Maling, which established Qi as the pre-eminent state in the east. In 260 BC, Qin's invasion of Han led to Zhao intervention and the Battle of Changping.

During the late years of the era, in an attempt to drain Qin's resources in an expensive public works project, the state of Han sent the civil engineer Zheng Guo to Qin to persuade them to build a canal. The scheme, while expensive, backfired spectacularly when it was eventually completed: the irrigation abilities of the new Zhengguo Canal far outweighed its cost and gave Qin the agricultural and economic means to dominate the other six states. Han was the first to fall, in 230 BC.

In 226 BC, former nobility of the Han launched a failed rebellion in former capital Xinzheng, and King An, the last king of Han, was put to death the same year.

Han Xin was made a "Prince" or "King of Han" (韓王) by Liu Bang after the establishment of the Han dynasty (漢朝). He was removed to Taiyuan Commandery and the territory of the kingdom of Dai, where he defected to the Xiongnu and led raids against the Han Dynasty until his death.

Culture and society
Before the state of Qin unified China in 221 BC, each region had their own unique customs and culture, although they were all dominated by an upper class that shared a largely common culture. In the Yu Gong (Tribute of Yu), a section of the Book of Documents which was most likely composed in the 4th century BC, the author describes a China that is divided into nine regions, each with its own distinctive peoples and products. The core theme of this section is that these nine regions are unified into one state by the travels of the eponymous sage-emperor, Yu the Great, and by sending each region's unique goods to the capital as tribute. Other texts also discussed these regional variations in culture and physical environments.

One of these texts was Wuzi (The Book of Master Wu) which was a Warring States military treatise written in response to a query by Marquis Wu of Wei on how to cope with the other states. Wu Qi, the author of the work, declared that the government and nature of the people were linked to the physical environment and territory they live in.

Famous people

 * Han Fei, a Legalist philosopher
 * Zhang Liang, a major figure in the early Han dynasty
 * Zheng Guo, the hydraulic engineer who designed the Zhengguo Canal for Qin

Han in astronomy
Han is represented by the star 35 Capricorni in the "Twelve States" asterism, part of the "Girl" lunar mansion in the "Black Turtle" symbol. Han is also represented by the star Zeta Ophiuchi in the "Right Wall" asterism, part of the "Heavenly Market" enclosure.

title: Han (Warring States)