text:
Talk:Miss Marple

Talk on Miss Marple
Moved Jane Marple to Miss Marple because that's what she's better known as. -- Lee M

Parts of this page appear to be suspected copyrighted material; the text can be found at but the copyrighted material needs to be unpicked from the non-copyrighted material. -- Graham ☺ | Talk 22:34, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)

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tueday club murders
The book of Miss Marple mysteries 'The Tuesday Club Murders' is missing from the list of texts. It is supposedly the second volume to feature Miss Marple (this claim needs authentication). an outline might be made of the titles of these short stories and the characters featured. Additionally, Audio Partners Publishing  has produced a number of Miss Marple mysteries read by Joan Hickson. Mention might be made of these audio renditions, and others (if there are others).

Comparisons
Mention may be made of the contrasts between Miss Marple and Agatha Christie's other famous detective - Hercule Poirot. One could even say that Miss Marple is in fact Christie's signet character, since aspects of Poirot are a humorous caricature of Sherlock Holmes.

While Poirot is a financially well-off professional, Miss Marple is a few shades away from genteel poverty. In They do it with mirrors Miss Marple plays the part of a hard up elderly spinster, and that she does it convincingly is not because she is a great actor.

Where Poirot is vain and boastful, Miss Marple is quietly confident behind her "Oh, I'm so sorry" diffidence. It is my personal regret that The Murder of Roger Ackroyd did not feature Miss Marple, certainly the 'best' Christie villain deserved the better Christie detective!

Poirot often needs the Watson-like Hastings to serve as his foil, while Miss Marple operates by herself, betraying none of her confidences to those around her.

Yet, behind these contrasts, both Poirot and Miss Marple are individuals with strong belief systems of right and wrong, best summed up in the words of Mr.Rafiel. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.92.149.201 (talk • contribs)

 * I agree with you entirely about these contrasts (although on thinking about it, wasn't Poirot in a fairly bad financial state when he first arrived in England?), but it's important to remember that Wikipedia isn't here to provide direct comments and criticism. Our opinions, as editors, are irrelevant. See the page about Original Research for some more information. --JennyRad 19:21, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Poirot apparently had been forced to depart Belgium for England in rather a hurry, ahead of the invading Germans in 1914. Few war refugees have good finanical resources, and Poirot had been living on the salary of a Police Inspector up until that time. the wealth he acquired later was from the work he did as a private investigator in England, exercising his "little gray cells" for the benefit of the wealthy and powerful in distress. THEN he entered the retirement that enabled him to travel to extensively. As for Jane Marple's "genteel poverty", the question I pose below may provide an insight -- or it may be that, in the Christie tradition, the producers of the new TV series have provided a tantalizing but misleading red herring. Michael Hopcroft 07:23, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Subtext in The McEwan Series?
One thing I have noticed about the new Grenada TV series is that most of the episodes I have seen have included a distinctive lesbian subtext. The Stilltford Mystery even features a young protege of Miss Marple who, at the end of the story, comes out as lesbian after her apprenticeship in amateur detective work. Is this something the producers inserted for their own reasons, or do serious Christie scholars see something similar in the original stories? Michael Hopcroft 07:17, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't remember much about The Sittaford Mystery except that it bore barely any relation to the book! However, the lesbian relationship in A Murder Is Announced is certainly implied in the novel - it's not a new element introduced by the screenwriters.  (And I do like the phrase "serious Christie scholars".)  Tobelia 21:13, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

Source for claim about past
"Despite never having been married, The Murder at the Vicarage sheds light on a young Miss Marple. She reveals that she once loved a married man who wanted to leave his wife for her. He was called to World War I and Miss Marple made him promise not to have a divorce. He was killed in the war and Miss Marple never married." I do not recall any such passage in this book, which I re-read as recently as 6 weeks ago. Can anyone verify this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dgcuff (talk • contribs) 16:32, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

I seem to recall that it was a contrivance for the absolutely godawful ITV series "Marple". I'm almost certain it doesn't occur in the book, and unless someone can prove otherwise I suggest the claim be deleted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.19.1.165 (talk) 01:24, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

I am positive that this statement does not appear in any of the Miss Marple books and it should be removed. Special:Contributions 01:24, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

Unlisted book title: Thirteen Clues for Miss Marple
Amazon.com has the book "Thirteen Clues for Miss Marple" listed here: http://www.amazon.com/Thirteen-Clues-Marple-Agatha-Christie/dp/0440187559 This title is not listed in this article nor in the Agatha Christie article. Looking at her other titles led me to suspect it is yet another name for "The Thirteen Problems (from the Miss Marple series)" aka "The Tuesday Club Murders." Googling "Clues for Miss Marple" brings up several pages that describe it as a collection of short stories, such as this one: http://www.loc.gov/nls/bibliographies/minibibs/achristie.html With this info I have very little doubt this is the same book, but can someone say for sure?Benbradley (talk) 04:40, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

According to Robert Barnard's book "A talent to Deceive - an appreciation of Agatha Christie", 13 clues was first published by Dodd Mead & Co in 1966 and the paperback version by Dell in 1967. It was not a reprint of 13 problems but instead featured the following stories (list that follows is alphabetical and probably not the order in the book itself):

 * The Bloodstained Pavement (from 13 problems)
 * The Blue Geranium (from 13 problems)
 * The Case of the Caretaker (from 3 Blind Mice - US - and Miss M's Final Cases - UK)
 * The Case of the Perfect Maid (from 3 Blind Mice - US - and Miss M's Final Cases - UK)
 * The Companion (from 13 problems)
 * The Four Suspects (from 13 problems)
 * Greenshaw's Folly (from Adventure of Xmas Pudding - UK - and Double Sin - US)
 * The Herb of Death (from 13 problems)
 * Motive v. Opportunity (from 13 problems)
 * Sanctuary (from Double Sin - US - and Miss M's Final Cases - UK)
 * Strange Jest (from 3 Blind Mice - US - and Miss M's Final Cases - UK)
 * The Tape Measure Murder (from 3 Blind Mice - US - and Miss M's Final Cases - UK)
 * The Thumb Mark of Saint Peter (from 13 problems)

Hope this helps--Jtomlin1uk (talk) 20:08, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Age
Deleted attempt to rationalise her age as late 50s in the first book. Text was

"About thirty years pass between her first and last mysteries ... . It would be safe to assume that Miss Marple was only about fifty or sixty in A Murder at the Vicarage, which would not be old by modern standards but would have been considered elderly in the 1930's. This would make Miss Marple about eighty or ninety in her final mysteries."

Actually it's 38 years from the first story in a magazine to At Bertram's Hotel, even discounting Sleeping Murder. And Christie wrote that she made a mistake making her so old, so I think it's safe to assume she was (genuinely) elderly at the start, at the youngest mid 60s (standards of age have not changed that much.)   In any case, barring citation I don't think this text is reasonable  and anyway it seems like original research. --81.179.228.169 (talk) 14:33, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Hold the phone. It's 44 years from the first story to Nemesis. If she was 56 in 1927 she would be 100 in 1971 and neither is really plausible. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.251.209.181 (talk) 10:32, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Sleeping Murder
The article says that characters who had previously been killed off by Christie appear alive in this book. Which characters are these? I don't recall noticing it. Stratford490 (talk) 20:04, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Since nobody has answered and the article isn't more explicit and I really don't recall any living characters in Sleeping Murder who had previously died, I'm going to remove it. I don't claim to be 100% sure, but if anyone wants to put it back, please state which characters they are. Stratford490 (talk) 16:47, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

Sorry for not answering earlier - one character that is referred to as being alive is Colonel Bantry. Dolly Bantry is a widow in The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side.--Jtomlin1uk (talk) 07:13, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your reply, which I have slightly edited, just to make the wikilink work. Funnily, though I don't doubt what you say, I have no recollection of Colonel Bantry being mentioned in Sleeping Murder, and I can't find my copy right now. Anyway, he's only one character, and seems to be just referred to rather than being a major character, so it's probably not important enough to be in the article about Miss Marple. If necessary, I think it could go in the article on Sleeping Murder. Cheers. Stratford490 (talk) 00:34, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

Joan Hickson
This page makes no reference to the BBC series 1984-1992 featuring Joan Hickson as Miss Marple. The Wikipedia entry for Joan Hickson refers to this part of her career. A link between the Joan Hickson page and an update of this page to include Joan Hickson's T.V. portrayal of Miss Marple would be very helpful. I don't wish to rush in to do this if someone else is planning to do so. Proxxt (talk) 07:53, 5 July 2008 (UTC)
 * The third paragraph under the "Television" heading seems to discuss this material. Accounting4Taste: talk 19:49, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

Incorrect Murder She Wrote claim
The article previously stated when referring to the American TV series Murder, She Wrote: "The character was based in part on Miss Marple and in part on another Christie character, Ariadne Oliver." There is no attribution for this statement and, as a matter of law, it cannot be correct. Even the Murder, She Wrote article here at Wikipedia notes that the rights were refused: "Murder, She Wrote was originally pitched as an American version of the Agatha Christie character Miss Marple, but the owners of the rights to that character refused to allow it." If the copyright holder refused to grant permission for a subsidiary right, as a matter of copyright law, it is not based on Miss Marple. I replaced the sentence with the somewhat less dubious one from the MSW article which nonetheless needs attribution: "The character of Jessica Fletcher is thought to be based on a combination of Miss Marple, Agatha Christie herself, and another Christie character, Ariadne Oliver, who often appears in the Hercule Poirot mysteries." 71.175.4.207 (talk) 02:14, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Julia McKenzie
I just removed a badly formed template link that should have worked as a picture of Julia McKenzie in the role. The removed text was:

It would improve the article if a valid link could be added for this purpose. DFH (talk) 22:05, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Not moved. Jafeluv (talk) 07:56, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

Miss Marple → Miss Marple (character) – In the light of Talk:Miss Marple (TV series), I figured that "Miss Marple" is becoming ambiguous. Is the name interpretted as either the character, the TV series, or both? Also, I have created Miss Marple (ITV TV series), just in case. --George Ho (talk) 16:22, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose - unnecessary as this article isn't merely about the character but acts as an umbrella article for the whole Miss Marple universe, including all TV series, books, films etc. Rangoon11 (talk) 16:32, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose - for the reasons User:Rangoon11 has already explained. Christopher Rath (talk) 00:53, 20 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose – as Rangoon11 says, the article serves as a CONCEPTDAB. Kanguole 10:41, 22 April 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Rutherford film music…
The sentence, "The main theme has a distinct 1960s feel to it and is known to be a highly complex piece of music due to the quick playing of the Violin"., strikes me as POV and/ or original research. I suppose the first part is alluding to the use of amplified or electric bass with an orchestra, but I’m not sure that actually constitutes a “Sixties” thing in and of itself. Likewise, I’m not aware of a scale of speed of playing as an measure of the complexity of a piece of music; can a player suggest if there is such a thing, or if it even warrants a mention with regards to the music being discussed here? I don’t play the violin myself, but I wouldn’t have thought that they were being played particularly fast; it is entirely possible that the fingering of the particular notes, or sequence of notes is difficult to accomplish - but again, would that be appropriate for inclusion in this article on Miss Marple, when it might be better in something about Ron Goodwin, or playing the fiddle. Jock123 (talk) 16:46, 8 June 2012 (UTC)

Marple's history, specifically professional/financial
In the article, the following is stated: "Miss Marple has never worked for her living. She is of independent means, although she benefits in her old age from the financial support of Raymond West, her nephew (A Caribbean Mystery, 1964). She is not herself from the aristocracy or landed gentry, but is quite at home among them and would probably have been happy to describe herself as "genteel"; indeed, a gentlewoman. Miss Marple may thus be considered a female version of that staple of British detective fiction, the gentleman detective. She demonstrates a remarkably thorough education, including some art courses that involved study of human anatomy through the study of human cadavers. In They Do It with Mirrors (1952), it is revealed that Miss Marple grew up in a cathedral close, and that she studied at an Italian finishing school with Americans Ruth Van Rydock and Caroline "Carrie" Louise Serrocold."

The first issue - and probably the most pressing - is the statement that Miss Marple never worked for her living. I am almost positive that she used to be a schoolteacher, though. I realize this may very well not have been her entire source of income, but can anyone confirm or deny my memory of her referring to having been a teacher?

This connects to my issue with referring to her as a female version of "the gentleman detective". From my reading, I get the impression that gentleman detectives are "gentlemen" in the old English sense. This is NOT the same as what an American might mean when they say that a person is a gentleman or a gentlewoman. There used to be a very clear distinction in the terms, and a gentleman specifically referred to landed gentry. Miss Marple seems to occupy a very comfortable space economically, but I'm not so sure about using the term "gentlewoman". Having studied at finishing schools on the continent does not equal landed gentry.Terra Leigh (talk) 04:44, 19 August 2013 (UTC)

 * I must disagree with some of these assumptions. Even in Britain, "gentleman" would not necessarily refer to landed gentry. It might mean anyone of independent means, so any income derived from shares, government bonds or annuities would fit. Someone might also be a gentleman through membership of a profession e.g. solicitor, or surgeon. (Sherlock Holmes, for example, started his career as a dropout medical student.) An ordained clergyman e.g. Father Brown, anyone who had achieved an Oxbridge degree or had been a commissioned officer in the armed forces would also be regarded as a gentleman, by manners if not by wealth. The only "landed gentleman" detective I can think of is Lord Peter Wimsey. HLGallon (talk) 08:52, 10 September 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101126123518/http://poirot.us/mprofile.php to http://www.poirot.us/mprofile.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110608002907/http://uk.agathachristie.com/christies-work/detectives-and-sidekicks/miss-marple/ to http://uk.agathachristie.com/christies-work/detectives-and-sidekicks/miss-marple/

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First name on first reference
Every now and then an editor will add Miss Marple's first name, Jane, to the very first reference, in bold. Normally this would be correct - full name on first reference - but the article title is "Miss Marple" and the character is very widely known by that name alone, so the consensus thus far is to keep first reference as "Miss Marple" and give "Jane Marple" on the second reference. As a parallel example, Tommy and Tuppence uses only those characters' first names and not their last names on first reference because that is how they are widely known. Consensus can, of course, change. - DavidWBrooks (talk) 00:27, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

Infobox color
The Infobox color (#FF5F5F) of black text on a red background means that it is almost unreadable by anyone who is color blind. I would change it, except that someone has obviously consciously chosen the color. Thoughts from the community on changing it? Christopher Rath (talk) 19:45, 22 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I looked at a few other British detective characters, and most of them, including Hercule Poirot, don't specify a color, so the bands are gray with black letters. The instructions for Template:Infobox character specifically state that if a another color is chosen, it "must meet AAA compliance standards outlines on WP:COLOR". Indyguy (talk) 20:01, 22 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I've removed the color. Christopher Rath (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 13:25, 23 November 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Detective Fiction
— Assignment last updated by Happygirlyay21 (talk) 05:56, 29 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Miss Marple


text:
August Dvorak

August Dvorak (May 5, 1894 – October 9, 1975) was an American educational psychologist and professor of education at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington. He and his brother-in-law, William Dealey, are best known for creating the Dvorak keyboard layout in the 1930s as a replacement for the QWERTY keyboard layout.

While his name is pronounced, with the ř roughly as a simultaneous trilled and  due to him being of Czech descent, Dvorak's family in the U.S. pronounces it , with an English r.

Keyboard development
In the 1940s, Dvorak designed keyboard layouts for people with the use of one hand.

Dvorak and Dealey, together with Nellie Merrick and Gertrude Ford, wrote the book Typewriting Behavior, published in 1936. The book is an in-depth report on the psychology and physiology of typing.

Military service
Dvorak served with the American Army Field Artillery during the punitive expedition against Pancho Villa and was wounded during the campaign. Afterward he was discharged and enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve, teaching mathematics and navigation until World War I, during which he served aboard the captured German privateer USS Callao bringing troops home until his discharge in 1919. Later, he was the captain of a Gato-class submarine in the United States Navy during World War II.

Life and family
Dr. August Dvorak died in Seattle on October 9, 1975.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: August Dvorak


text:
User:Hr oskar

Real Name: Óskar Guðlaugsson Description: Icelandic male, born January 28 1980, in Reykjavík, Iceland

Became a Wikipedian: July 22 2003

Notable Contributions:
 * Icelandic language
 * Icelandic alphabet
 * inflection

title: User:Hr oskar


text:
Talk:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada

Headline text
Bold textThe party never merged with the Progressives in 1942. John Bracken made it a provision of his taking over the leadership of the Conservative Party in that year that it officially adopt the additional name in deference to his period in office as Progressive Premier of Manitoba.

Article needs a reference and links to provincial Progressive Conservative parties.

Okay, I went in and altered the changes stating that this party had been 'resurrected' as the Progressive Canadian Party. Not true - that's a new party, and this one's still gone. I've certainly referred to it, and we'll see from here how events shape things further. Radagast 13:24, Mar 30, 2004 (UTC)

PC Party
It's splitting hairs as to whether the Progressive Canadian Party is a continuation of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada - betrayed by its leadership in October 2003 - or a new party.

The Progressive Canadian Party (PC Party) was formed by members of the Progressive Conservative Party who do not wish to be associated with the Alliance.

In January 2004, they applied to Elections Canada for registration under the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada name. This name was no acceptable to the Chief Electoral Officer. In March 2004, the Progressive Canadian name was accepted.

I don't think it's accurate to state that this party existed from 1867-2003. My take on the subject would be that the "Progressive Convservative Party of Canada" only existed as this specific party from the merger with the Progressives in 1942 until the merger with the Alliance in 2003. Before that it would have been the previous name, etc. etc. I'm not a political scientist but it seems that ideologies and ideas change with the wind in Canadian politics. The "Conservative Party of Canada" in another decade or two (should it survive in this format) will likely look nothing like what it did in its infancy around 2003-2004 after the merger of the PC's and the Alliance, just the same as the Conservative Liberals etc. from the 1850's-60's didn't appear to look anything like the Tories of Bennett in the 30's or of Diefenbaker in the 50's-60's and Mulroney of the 80's-90's. "Protectionists", "Anti-America", "Pro-Britain" has evolved to become "Pro-Free Trade", "Pro-America", "Forget-Britain" with the only thing common among all of these parties being the word "Conservative" in capital letters... Cheers, Plasma east 21:16, 7 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Plasma east: "this specific party from the merger with the Progressives in 1942". Actually, no, it did not merge with the Progressive Party. The Progressive Party continued to exist at the federal level after 1942. Most federal Progressives joined the Liberal Party or the CCF when the party did eventuallt fold, if they had not already. See Progressive Party of Canada. The Conservative Party changed its name when Bracken became leader, i.e., it was, as marketers would say, 'new name -- same great product'.  This was just the last of several name changes for this party - Liberal-Conservative, Unionist, National Government, Conservative. It was a quite different situation in 2004 when two organizations formally and legally merged. I hope this clarifies things. Kevintoronto 11:22, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Interesting... so my question would be what defines the existence of a particular party or its brand for a specific time period - the brand/name being used, its corporate/legal existence, or the changes in ideas/platform over time? I understand how the article bases the 1867-2003 historical existence of the PC Party but to the average voter it wouldn't seem to make a lot of sense as they all appear to be different parties (just guessing).

 * I understand your point, but changes in a party's ideas/platform will not necessary be discrete events. It would be difficult and contentious to try to categorize the parties in that way. At what precise time did the PC Party transition from the nationalism of Diefenbaker to the continentalism of Mulroney? I would argue that it was a process through the Stanfield, Clark and Mulroney eras that culminated in the Free Trade Agreement. (Remember Mulroney trashing John Crosbie's continentalist agenda in the 1983 leadership convention?) I think that changes in the corporate/legal existence represent logical breaks in continuity that justify creating a new article. Another example would be the CCF/NDP. The CCF did not just change its name, it actually (I believe) disbanded and created a new party, which was initially called "the New Party". The New Party added 'Democratic' to its name a year later. Regards, Kevintoronto 10:53, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll buy it, just not sure if others would as corporate/legal usually = name change in the minds of most people. Air Canada being the exception I guess!  Forgot to sign the above post.  Cheers, Plasma east 22:52, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Conservative?
Some anonymous editor keeps trying to change the ideology from "moderate/centrist conservatism" to "conservatism" without providing any explanation. So why should I have to provide an explanation for reverting? I shouldn't but I will anyway. Let's be clear: the PC Party was, for the largest part of its history, more moderate than other conservative parties, and particlaurly more moderate tan the new Conservative Party of Canada. Adding "moderate/centrist" is a useful distinction. Diefenbaker, Stanfield, Clark, Mulroney, Campbell and Charest were all Red Tories, i.e., from the progressive wing of the party, and they led the party from 1960-something almost to the end. Ground Zero 22:22, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

What in the hell are you talking about Brain Mulroney was a Blue Tory Adding "moderate/centrist" is misleading leave Political ideology as "conservatism" this is an Encyclopedia not a blog. You sould have facts.

 * Michaelm, please calm down. I made an argument for why the ideology should be left as it is, and you have only responded with abuse. I contend that Brian Mulroney was a Red Tory, especially with respect to his stand on capital punishment (he opposed it), fiscal policy (he cut less from government spending than Chretien/Martin), and tax policy (he did not cut taxes anywhere near the degree that Chretien and Martin did). And with regard to you comment, "You should have facts", I will note that you have not provided a single fact to support your argument. But then, why would you start doing so now? You will not win this argument by being abusive. Ground Zero 03:57, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

What is the differ between center-right and right-of-center? Everyone's got a life. So it's not to your liking once jsut go with it!

reworked ideology section
I have reworked the ideology section as it was riddled with errors. Before you challenge me, let me tell you I was involved with the PC Party on many levels (Youth Worker to Campus Assocation President), and met many PCs such as Senator Norman Atkins, Brian Mulroney, Joe Clark, Larry Grossman, Frank Miller, William Davis, and George Hees between 1978 and 1993. I worked and canvassed with candidates in 1979, 1984, and 1988 Dominion elections and with Provincial Ontario candidates in 1985 and 1987. I have an MA in Political Economy and taught second-year students as a TA for two years. I heard George Grant lecture. My family are all life-long tories, but certainly not neocons.

The "socially-progressive and fiscally conservative" tag for Red Tories is hopelessly simplistic and ignorant of the pre-Confederation and Disraelian traditions within Macdonaldian conservatism.

I have corrected the section, but it is hardly the final edit. When time allows, I will draft a more unified and coherent entry. TrulyTory 06:31, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Merge?
Shouldn't this article be in the same article as the Conservative Party of Canada (historic)? They were the same party, with just a name change.Habsfannova 16:35, 7 February 2006 (UTC)
 * That would take two fairly long articles and combine them into one article that exceeds the suggested maximum length for articles. I don't think that would be an improvement. You are correct in saying that they were the same party, but the change in name provides a fairly logically place to break the history in to two articles. Ground Zero | t 12:15, 8 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Alrighty...just thought it was strange...even if you look in the printed form of the Canadian Encyclopedia, going to "Progressive Conservative Party" says simply, "See: Conservative Party". I also notice that the colours change in all the diagrams between the switch in name, but the Original Conservatives have the same colour as the "new" Conservatives.  Kind of odd.  I also notice that there's a lot of overlap in descrpitions on the two pages...Habsfannova 17:22, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

I don't know what diagrams you're referring to. There shouldn't be a colour change. In all of the elections results tables that I have created, and there are quite a lot, I hvae used the "Progressive Conservatives" colour for the party from 1967 to 2004, and "Conservative" after that. Ground Zero | t 23:50, 8 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh, my bad...I misunderstood...just looked at Image:Legendcdnele.PNG and found that the Conservatives post 03 use the same colour as the old Conservatives, while the PCs have a different colour from the two.Habsfannova 00:19, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Maybe the two articles are too long to merge, but they really shouldn't stay the way they are. The principal problem is that the two articles are not really aware of each other. There is overlapping content, there is confusion (this article covers the period from 1942 onward but doesn't state that explicitly), and the cross-references between the two are too subtle. Are there any (Progressive) Conservative party historians out there who could streamline the text and clarify the chronological separation between the two? -- Justinbb 03:01, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Progressive Conservative Party still exists
According to your Rump section, there are still Progressive Conservatives who sit in parliament. So the party is not dead. See the extract below. Watercool 04:38, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Rump PC caucus Following the merger, a rump Progressive Conservative caucus remained in Parliament, consisting of individuals who declined to join the new Conservative Party. In the House of Commons, Joe Clark, André Bachand and John Herron sat as PC members.

In the 2004 election, Bachand and Clark did not to run for re-election, and Herron ran as a Liberal, losing to Rob Moore in his riding of Fundy—Royal. Scott Brison, who had joined the Liberal caucus immediately upon departing the Conservative Party, was reelected as a Liberal in the 2004 election.

In the Senate, William Doody, Lowell Murray and Norman Atkins also declined to join the new party, and continue to sit as Progressive Conservative senators. On March 24, 2005, Prime Minister Paul Martin appointed nine new senators, two of whom, Nancy Ruth and Elaine McCoy, were designated as Progressive Conservatives. Thus there may be Progressive Conservative senators until 2021 when McCoy, the youngest of the five, attains the mandatory retirement age of 75, or later if subsequent senators designate themselves Progressive Conservatives. Nancy Ruth has since left to sit with the Conservative Party. Adding the death of Senator Doody on December 27, 2005, this reduced the number of PC Senators to three.
 * They just use the Tory name...it doesn't mean that the party still exists. Otherwise, we'd have an article for an "Independent" party.Habsfan|t 12:20, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Stephen Harper
As the article notes, the PC Party dissolved itself in 2003 at the time of the creation of the new CPC. The CPC is not the legal continuation of the PC Party. The PC Party was, on the other hand, the legal continuaiton of the Liberal-COnservative Party and the (old) Conservative Party. I don't think that Harper belongs here. He belongs on the CA anda CPC pages only. Ground Zero | t 18:20, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

While it was not a legal continuation, and a distinction should be made to support that, the majority of its constituents fell under the banner of the CPC and I believe that there is encyclopedic relevance to the brief mention of the history of this spiritual successor.

oxymoron
Can someone explain to me (in short) the name of this party.

Its a complete contradiction in terms, you can't be progressive and conservative??

has someone told this to the Canadians?

We have a few contradictions down here in Australia but nothing so obvious! I'm a 'l' liberal moron. does that count?

 * Just to inform the Wikipedian from Australia, in Canada, the PC Party, was named so because a former member of a party called the Progressive Party of Canada, became leader of the Conservative Party in 1942, and fused some of his ideas with the party and had it renamed the Progressive Conservative Party. As for the recent explanation of the name, former PC leader Joe Clark emphasized the party to be socially progressive and fiscally conservative. Under PC John Diefenbaker, in the 1950s and early 60s the party began to take progressive stances on controversial issues at the time, such as banning capital punishment, demanding that South Africa be kicked out of the Commonwealth, that racist elements of immigration laws be removed, and that aboriginals be given the right to vote. Still, the party remained very conservative on other issues, such as British imperialism and traditional conservative economic protectionism until replaced by North American continentalism and neoconservatism in the 1980s. [Unsigned comment by User:R-41 -- please sign your comments!]

 * "We have a few contradictions down here in Australia but nothing so obvious!" Umm... the most obvious contradiction in Australian politics in that the conservative party in Australia is called the Liberal Party of Australia. Doh! And yes, it is well understood here that this is an oxymoron. Some pundits have called it the Forwards Backwards Party. Ground Zero | t 18:22, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Calling a conservative party the Liberal Party of Australia is NOT an oxymoron, since the terms "liberal" and "conservative" overlap.

PC Party
The new pc party is the continuation of the old one. Anderchuk 03:21, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

 * In what way?
 * Please provide evidence -- you cannot expect other editors to accept these changes just because you say they are true.
 * You must get consensus here on the talk page before you make changes that significant to an article.
 * Most importantly, the ProgCdn Party was formed by a small numbers of former ProgCons Party members. That does not make it a continuation. Even the Chief Electoral Officer refused to let them use the ProgCdn name and logo. Ground Zero | t 11:01, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The new pc party is the continuation of the old one because:

 * The old party never actually folded, and thus this is its manifestation
 * As mentioned many of the old PC party stayed with the new one
 * Its initials (PC) are the same and its logo is the same

The electoral officer not letting them use the ProgCdn was as much a political decision as anything; in any event, the electoral officer does not get to decide what is or isn't a party, rather its members do. And these members clearly say they are a member of the PC party. Anderchuk 05:50, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

The logo is similar, not the same. The initials are alo the same as for Personal Computer, Private Constable, and other phrases -- the initials are not relevant. The chief electoral officer is non-partisan. Some ProgCons joined the Liberal Party, so by your reasoning, we would have to add the Liberal Party to the list of successor parties.

Again, for a controversial change like this, YOU MUST GET CONSENSUS FOR BEFORE MAKING THE CHANGE to avoid a pointless edit war. Ground Zero | t 10:45, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

List of Tory Prime ministers
Stephen Harper was never elected to Parliament as a PC MP. He spent most of his political career in the Reform Party and Canadian Aliiance fighting against the PC Part. He should not be here. He belongs in the CPC article only. Comments? Ground Zero | t 19:51, 8 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Ground Zero, I totally agree with you on the fact that "Stephen Harper was never elected to Parliament as a PC MP". However the "new" Conservatives are often called Tories, including by the Canadian Press. And the titles of the lists are Tory Prime Ministers of Canada and Tory leaders since Confederation, therefore I believe that Stephen Harper should be included on these lists. Nat Tang ta 06:13, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I understand that the titles of the list say "Tory", but the article is about the Progressive Conservative Party under the PC name and its previous names. It is not about the new Conservative Party of Canada, which is a different organization. "Tory" is simply a nickname, and is not an official designation (some CA types objected, initially, to the use of Tory for the new party.) Why is there no list in the Canadian Alliance and Reform Party of Canada articles showing Stephen Harper as leader of the successor to those parties? Ground Zero | t 11:04, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
 * My guess is that the number of people who were leaders of the Reform/CA is too short. For reform, there was only one person, and the CA has only had 2. Anyways, I propose that we create a page and move the list there. Your thoughts? Nat Tang ta 15:38, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I'd agree to that. I don't think it belongs in the PC article, and can live with it being on separate page. Regards, Ground Zero | t 16:29, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Done. Nat Tang ta 18:19, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks muchly. I've made some edits to the new article. Ground Zero | t 18:33, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

This article ought to be pruned... there's a lot of duplicate information in another article
The Conservative Party of Canada (historical) contains information on the party before it became the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. This page ought only to contain 1942-2004 (+ senate rump) information. After all, the Reform Party page and the Canadian Alliance Page are separate. The conservative party navigation link at the bottom makes no sense unless the proper prune is made mdmenzel 05:47, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Funny, I was just reading through the page and thinking the same thing ... 11 years later. Obviously this isn't a hotbed of editing activity :-). If I get some time over the next while, I may attempt a bit of a cleanup. Especially regarding some incorrect information regarding the formation of the Liberal-Conservative party. -- Ajraddatz (talk) 16:37, 1 June 2018 (UTC)

Merger proposal
Having two separate articles and semi-treating the 1942 renaming as though a entirely distinct entity was formed, with some uncertainty on that point, is extremely confusing. There was a single party from 1867-2003. If the articles are too long then a better split would be to move the full history into a "History of" article with this one containing the key points, the ideology and the groups claiming succession here. Timrollpickering (talk) 12:05, 26 June 2009 (UTC)
 * The article would be too long, so this would require a merger and redivision which would make thousands of existing links in articles into redirects, which could be less useful for readers. For example, if the two articles were merged into the "PC Party" article, and then the pre-1943 history hived off into a separate article, all of the links to the current "Conservative Party (historical)" article would now go to the "PC Party" article, even though more relevant information would be found in the "History of the PC Party" article.
 * I think the articles are clear that there was one party under (at least) two names. If it is confusing, the text could be clarified to avoid confusion. If readers do not read beyond the article title, then there is really little we can do for them. Ground Zero | t 15:00, 1 September 2009 (UTC)

Party on social issues
In the lead it says the party "with a centre-right stance on economic issues and, after the 1970s, a centrist stance on social issues" that needs to be sourced, this was a party which in the 1980s nearly reintroduced the death penalty and had abortion laws struck down by the supreme court. Threadnecromancer (talk) 01:50, 26 June 2014 (UTC)Threadnecromancer

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090302051637/http://www.theglobeandmail.com:80/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070610.wcasey-mulroney11/BNStory/Front to http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070610.wcasey-mulroney11/BNStory/Front

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 18:30, 22 March 2016 (UTC)

edits
User:Ak-eater06, you reverted some fairly significant edits that I made (I was logged out at the time) with no explanation. I believe they are needed and have reinstated. Could you give me an idea what your concern is with those edits? Amandil21 (talk) 15:53, 20 August 2021 (UTC)

User:Amandil21 You're the one who reverted my significant edits. In which I wanted to expand the lead. Why did you revert the edit I worked hard on?  Ak-eater06  (talk) 17:13, 20 August 2021 (UTC)

My lead:

The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC; French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada) was a centre-right federal political party in Canada that existed from 1942 to 2003.

''Originally the early Conservative Party that governed Canada under Prime Ministers John A. Macdonald, Robert Borden, and R.B. Bennett, its name was changed to the Progressive Conservative Party in 1942 under the request of Manitoba Progressive premier John Bracken. Bracken became the party's first leader that same year but was unable to defeat William Lyon Mackenzie King's governing Liberals in 1945. Bracken resigned in 1948 and was succeeded by Ontario premier George A. Drew, who drove the Progressive Conservatives' seat count into historically low numbers in 1949 and 1953.''

''Drew was succeeded by long-time parliamentarian John Diefenbaker in 1956. During Diefenbaker's leadership, the Progressive Conservatives underwent a shift to Red Tory and moderate policies, which contributed to the party's first-ever victory in the 1957 election, in one of the greatest political upsets in Canadian history. The year after, Diefenbaker carried the PCs to the largest federal electoral landslide in history (in terms of proportion of seats), in which the party's share of seats was nearly 80% in the House of Commons. In 1962, the PCs were reduced to a minority government, losing their majority won in 1958. About ten months later, they lost power, ending nearly six years of Diefenbaker's rule.''

''In the 1967 leadership election, premier of Nova Scotia Robert Stanfield replaced Diefenbaker as leader. Like Diefenbaker, Stanfield modernized the party's rhetoric as he supported official bilingualism. However, Stanfield led the party to three consecutive defeats, all losing to the Liberals' Pierre Trudeau in 1968, 1972 and 1974. This prompted Stanfield to resign and hand over power to Joe Clark. Clark led the party to a minority government victory in the 1979 election, only to lose power nine months later.''

''Clark lost his role as leader in the 1983 leadership election to prominent Montreal businessman Brian Mulroney. Mulroney was the only leader in the party's history to carry it to back-to-back majority governments in 1984 and 1988. As a result of this, he served as Prime Minister for nearly 9 years until his resignation in 1993, influenced by his declining popularity partly sparked by Mulroney's attempts with the Meech Lake Accord and growing Western alienation that triggered the rise of the more right-wing Reform Party. Mulroney's former attorney general Kim Campbell won the leadership race to succeed him, but only lasted as Prime Minister for four months due to Campbell and the PCs being decimated in the 1993 federal election, winning just two seats, with Campbell losing her own.''

''Ultimately, the Progressive Conservatives were never able to recover, something proved in the 1997 and 2000 federal elections. When it became clear that neither the Progressive Conservatives nor the Reform Party/Canadian Alliance (successor of the Reform Party) could defeat the governing Liberals that rose to power in the 1993 election, an effort to unite the right-of-centre parties emerged. In 2003, the party membership voted to dissolve the party and merge with the Canadian Alliance to form the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada.''

''Although they only got the chance to govern Canada for a total of 16 years, its legacy lives on with the Bill of Rights, North American Free Trade Agreement and goods and services tax. The current Conservative Party of Canada is often thought to be grouped into two factions, Red Tories and Blue Tories, the former often being matched with the Progressive Conservative Party.''

 * User:Ak-eater06, if you don't like what I did with the lede, why did you revert all the rest of the edits I made?

 * As far as the lede is concerned, check out MOS:LEAD, which says, "As a general rule of thumb, a lead section should contain no more than four well-composed paragraphs and be carefully sourced as appropriate". This lead was way longer than that and had a whole bunch of detail. I moved a lot of that detail to the history section of the article. Some of the lead is awkwardly written, too.

 * There are other major problems, namely that most of the article is completely unsourced and the article has two history sections that overlap. I think my edits helped. If you object to my edits, can you propose other ways of condensing the lead and providing sources and organization to this article? It needs a lot of work. Amandil21 (talk) 04:13, 21 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Seeing no response, I have reinstated my edits. Amandil21 (talk) 12:58, 25 August 2021 (UTC)

User:Amandil21, I am so sorry I haven't gotten back to you. I've been busy with other things and my apologies.

I have tried my best to condense the lead and put it in four main paragraphs. Please take a look :)  Ak-eater06  (talk) 19:08, 25 August 2021 (UTC)

 *  Ak-eater06 , thank you very much for responding and for your work on the lede. It is much better. Personally, I would still like it briefer and less detailed, but I'm not going to make a fuss over it. Amandil21 (talk) 02:46, 26 August 2021 (UTC)


text:
Doc Severinsen

Carl Hilding "Doc" Severinsen (born July 7, 1927) is an American retired jazz trumpeter who led the NBC Orchestra on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.

Early life
Severinsen was born in Arlington, Oregon, to Minnie Mae (1897–1998) and Carl Severinsen (1898–1972). He was nicknamed Doc after his father, the only dentist in Arlington, who was born in Germany to a Danish father and a Swiss mother. Severinsen's father played violin and wanted him to play it as well, but Severinsen wanted to play trombone. Because his arms were not long enough for trombone, and the small Arlington music store had none available, he settled for the cornet. A neighbor provided him with some lessons, while his father, tobacco in mouth, instructed him to spit out the notes like spitting tobacco. His mother threatened to spank him if he didn't practice. Growing up, Severinsen idolized the trumpeter and band leader Harry James.

Severinsen proved to have a knack for the instrument, and was in a high school band when he was seven. At 9, he won a state trumpet contest, at 13, he joined a multi-state all-star band and, at 14, he auditioned for Tommy Dorsey but was not hired. He started a quartet called the Blue Notes that performed at local dances.

Before graduating from high school, he was hired to go on the road with the Ted Fio Rito Orchestra. After graduation, he went on tour with Charlie Barnet, Tommy Dorsey, and Benny Goodman. He served in the Army during World War II. Severinsen was a member of Sam Donahue's band between 1946 and 1951. In 1946, he played trumpet on radio station KODL.

The Tonight Show and other television appearances
In 1949, Severinsen landed a job as a studio musician for NBC, where he accompanied Steve Allen, Eddie Fisher, Dinah Shore, and Kate Smith, and was a member of the original band for Tonight Starring Steve Allen, and was the soloist playing the closing theme. He left the show with Allen in 1957. The leader of The Tonight Show Band, Skitch Henderson, asked him to return as first-chair trumpeter in 1962 for what had become The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, and five years later Severinsen was leading the band.

Under Severinsen's direction, The Tonight Show Band, styled the NBC Orchestra, became perhaps the best known big band in America. Severinsen became one of the most popular bandleaders, appearing almost every night on television. He led the band during commercials and while guests were introduced. He joked with Johnny Carson, the show's host, and developed an amusing habit of wearing gaudy clothing.

The show introduced a comic "Stump the Band" segment in which audience members called out the titles of obscure songs to see if the band could play them. Severinsen often cried "key of E", his signal for the band to strike up a western theme, and then he would enthusiastically sing a country music-flavored nonsense song.

Severinsen substituted for Ed McMahon on occasions when Ed was absent as Carson's announcer and sidekick. He typically assumed this role when the show featured a guest host, which became increasingly frequent during the program's later years. Tommy Newsom was usually the band's substitute director when Severinsen was away from the show or filling in for McMahon. The sidekick role was omitted from the show when Leno guest hosted (it was discontinued altogether after Leno replaced Carson permanently). While Leno guest hosted for Carson, Severinsen typically introduced Leno and led the band while interacting with Leno in a similar manner to his interactions with Carson and McMahon.

Doc continued as bandleader until Carson's retirement in May 1992. Doc, along with Tommy Newsom and Ed Shaughnessy, appeared on 31 January 2005 episode of Late Show with David Letterman performing "Here's That Rainy Day" in honor of Johnny Carson, who died on 23 January the same year. He appeared on Jimmy Fallon's Tonight Show in February 2015 when the show traveled to Los Angeles for a week. He played for the evening with The Roots. The appearance helped to promote his nationwide tour.

Through the 1970s to the 1990s Severinsen also made appearances on Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, Bonanza, The Bionic Woman, Cheers and The Larry Sanders Show, among others.

Recording career
During the early 1960s, Severinsen began recording big band albums, then moved toward instrumental pop music by the end of the decade. In the 1970s he recorded jazz funk, then disco, finding hits with "Night Journey" and "I Wanna Be With You". He released an album with the jazz fusion group Xebron in 1985. During the next year, he recorded The Tonight Show Band with Doc Severinsen which won the Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance. After Carson retired in 1992, he toured with some of the band's members, including Conte Candoli, Snooky Young, Bill Perkins, Ernie Watts, Ross Tompkins, and Ed Shaughnessy.

Severinsen performed with high school bands, in particular in the 1970s with Don Caneva's John Hersey High School Bands, which recorded four albums.

He performed the "Star-Spangled Banner" on at least three nationally telecast occasions; however, the first two renditions were marred by problems. When he accompanied actor Pat O'Brien, as O'Brien recited the National Anthem at Super Bowl IV, the public address system at Tulane Stadium went dead for a minute, although viewers were unaware of it. Fifteen years later, when he performed the anthem again prior to the Marvin Hagler vs. Thomas Hearns fight, a giant US flag on the side of the Fantasy Tower at Caesar's Palace overlooking the outdoor ring was not unfurled properly due to problems with the roping. He performed the anthem again, as well as "O Canada", at the 1989 Major League Baseball All-Star Game in Anaheim, California. With the game being played in the Los Angeles television and radio market, he was accompanied by the Tonight Show band. As of 2020, Severinsen and the NBC Orchestra's performance remains the most recent non-vocal rendition of the national anthem at the Midsummer Classic.

Severinsen is credited for co-writing the hit song "Stop and Smell the Roses" with Mac Davis, although both parties agree that Severinsen only came up with the title.

Conducting and teaching
Severinsen was the principal pops conductor for several American orchestras during and after his time on The Tonight Show. His first position was with the Phoenix Symphony in 1983. He then held similar positions with the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra, and Minnesota Orchestra.

He retired from conducting in 2007 and was named Pops Conductor Emeritus in Milwaukee and Pops Conductor Laureate in Minnesota. Severinsen was also named distinguished visiting professor of music and Katherine K. Herberger Heritage Chair for Visiting Artists at Arizona State University School of Music in 2001 and 2002.

In 2014, he was inducted into the Scandinavian-American Hall of Fame.

Severinsen performed his final concert, accompanied by his San Miguel 5 group, on September 1, 2022, in Saratoga Springs, New York.

Personal life

Severinsen married Jane Simpson Frazer on June 23, 1949. They had four children before divorcing. He next married Evonne Nyman on August 7, 1964. They had one child and were divorced in 1976.

In 1980, he married Emily Marshall (d. 2023), who was a television writer and producer, and is an on-camera subject in a 2020 PBS documentary produced by American Masters titled Never Too Late: The Doc Severinsen Story that premiered April 2, 2021. They met when she was working as a secretary for The Tonight Show producer Fred de Cordova. They divorced in 2006.

Severinsen's children are Nancy, Cindy, Allen, Robin, and Judy. He has eight grandchildren, including Blaire and Gray Reinhard, who write and perform roots rock music together in various incarnations as Curtis & Reinhard and the Blaire Reinhard Band. Severinsen has been quoted as saying that he has been married four times.

Severinsen's partner was Cathy Leach, a professor emerita of trumpet at the University of Tennessee.

Discography

 * A String of Trumpets (Everest, 1960) with Billy Mure
 * Tempestuous Trumpet (Command, 1961)
 * The Big Band's Back in Town (Command, 1962)
 * Torch Songs for Trumpet (Command, 1963)
 * High, Wide & Wonderful (Command, 1965)
 * Fever! (Command, 1966) (Pop No. 147)
 * Command Performances (Command, 1966) (Pop No. 133)
 * Live!: The Doc Severinsen Sextet (Command, 1967)
 * Swinging & Singing (Command, 1967)
 * The New Sound of Today's Big Band (Command, 1967)
 * The Great Arrival (Command, 1968)
 * Doc Severinsen & Strings (Command, 1968)
 * Doc Severinsen's Closet (Command, 1970)
 * Brass Roots (RCA Victor, 1971) (Pop No. 185)
 * Sixteen Great Performances (ABC Records, 1971)
 * Brass on Ivory (RCA Victor, 1972) (Pop No. 74) with Henry Mancini
 * Doc (RCA Victor, 1972)
 * Brass, Ivory & Strings (RCA Victor, 1973) (Pop No. 185) with Henry Mancini
 * Rhapsody for Now! (RCA Victor, 1973)
 * Trumpets & Crumpets & Things (ABC, 1973)
 * Night Journey (Epic, 1976) (Pop No. 189)
 * Brand New Thing (Epic, 1977)
 * Live from Beautiful Downtown Burbank Tommy Newsom Featuring Doc Severinsen (Direct Disk Labs, 1978)
 * Doc Severinsen and Friends (Everest, 1978)
 * London Sessions (Firstline, 1980)
 * Seductive Strings Featuring Doc Severinsen (Bainbridge, 1980)
 * Doc Severinsen Plays Modern Trumpet Concertos (Firstline, 1981)
 * And Xebron (Passport, 1985)
 * Episodes (Pro-Arte, 1986)
 * Ja-Da (MCA, 1986)
 * The Tonight Show Band with Doc Severinsen (Amherst, 1986) (Pop No. 65)
 * The Tonight Show Band with Doc Severinsen, Vol. II (Amherst, 1988)
 * Facets (Amherst, 1988)
 * The Big Band Hit Parade (Telarc, 1989)
 * Trumpet Spectacular (Telarc, 1990)
 * Once More...With Feeling! (Amherst, 1991)
 * Merry Christmas from Doc Severinsen and The Tonight Show Orchestra (Amherst, 1991) (Pop No. 171)
 * Unforgettably Doc (Telarc, 1992)
 * Good Medicine (Bluebird/RCA, 1992)
 * Lullabies and Goodnight (Critique, 1992)
 * Two Sides of Doc Severinsen (The Right Stuff, 1993)
 * Swingin' the Blues (Azica, 1999)
 * El Ritmo De La Vida (Tejate, 2009) with Gil Gutierrez and Pedro Cartas
 * En Mi Corazon (Tejate, 2010) with Gil Gutierrez and Pedro Cartas
 * From the Archives (Essential Media Group, 2012)
 * Oblivion (CD Baby, 2014)

As sideman
With Chris Connor
 * 1959 Witchcraft
 * 1961 Chris Connor Sings the George Gershwin Almanac of Song

With The Ray Charles Singers
 * 1959 Sunrise Serenade (Decca)

With Urbie Green
 * 1956 All About Urbie Green and His Big Band (ABC-Paramount)
 * 1958 Let's Face the Music and Dance
 * 1960 The Persuasive Trombone of Urbie Green
 * 1963 Urbie Green & His Sextet

With Skitch Henderson and "The Tonight Show" Orchestra
 * 1964 Skitch...Tonight!
 * 1965 More Skitch Tonight!

With Gerry Mulligan
 * 1961 Gerry Mulligan Presents a Concert in Jazz
 * 1963 Gerry Mulligan '63

With Tito Puente
 * 1957 Night Beat
 * 1957 Top Percussion
 * 1960 Tambó

With others
 * 1956 The Swingin' Miss "D", Dinah Washington
 * 1957 Dinah Washington Sings, Fats Waller
 * 1957 Stormy Weather, Lena Horne
 * 1958 Steve Allen at the Roundtable, Steve Allen
 * 1958 United Nations, Toshiko Akiyoshi
 * 1959 Late Date with Ruth Brown, Ruth Brown
 * 1959 More Charlie Barnet, Charlie Barnet
 * 1959 New York, N.Y., George Russell
 * 1959 Plays Gerry Mulligan Arrangements, Gene Krupa
 * 1961 Gloomy Sunday and Other Bright Moments, Bob Brookmeyer
 * 1961 The Jazz Version of "How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying", Gary McFarland
 * 1961 Into the Hot, Gil Evans
 * 1961 Memories Are Made of This, Ray Conniff
 * 1961 Perceptions, Dizzy Gillespie
 * 1962 Bashin': The Unpredictable Jimmy Smith, Jimmy Smith
 * 1962 All the Sad Young Men, Anita O'Day
 * 1962 Big Bags (Riverside, 1962), Milt Jackson
 * 1962 Big Band Bossa Nova, Stan Getz
 * 1962 Big Noise from Winnetka, Bob Haggart
 * 1962 It's About Time, Joe Morello
 * 1962 Joe Morello, Joe Morello
 * 1962 Off Beat Percussion, Don Lamond
 * 1962 Spanish Guitar, Tony Mottola
 * 1962 Vibrations, Enoch Light
 * 1963 Right Here, Right Now, Billy Taylor
 * 1964 Dimension "3", Enoch Light
 * 1974 The Hi-De-Ho Man, Cab Calloway
 * 1987 Jazz, Tony Bennett
 * 1988 Big Band Hit Parade, Erich Kunzel
 * 1989 Swinging West, Steve Lawrence
 * 1994 Eartha-quake, Eartha Kitt
 * 1994 Loose Walk, Sonny Stitt
 * 1997 Jammin' with Ben Webster, Ben Webster
 * 1999 Some Cats Know, Connie Evingson

title: Doc Severinsen


text:
Wikipedia:Village pump/July 2003 archive 4

Orphan images
Do we have a non auto-generated page (I know about Special:Unusedimages) for listing orphaned images that might be titled something like Images in need of Wikipedia articles? Mintguy 16:48 15 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I just had a look at Special:Unusedimages, and saw that it's full of images with text in foreign languages. Supposedly, some of them are actually used by the other languages.  We should get the ambassadors to resolve that situation. -Smack 21:44 15 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I recently had cause to insert a link to a film/movie/motion picture entitled "Butterfly". I realize that links to movie titles may be fruitless and may remove it, but in the meantime what is the convention for namespaces? I assume it is something along the lines of: MOVIE-NAME (film). — sugarfish 19:40 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * That's an much debated issue. Some people use movie, some film. I see movie more often, though. CGS 19:52 17 Jul 2003 (UTC).

Single database
I can see limitations to wikipedia.org, and also current problems; They have to do with the wikipedian design, and maybe someone could just see if my arguments are valid. Would it benefit wikipedia.org, wiktionary.org, any other wikis on the planet, to instead have one "wiki", that instead of just a website, it is a database, with different reports/interfaces to it? So the ONE wiki holds ALL the data for everything, it would centralize edits, create more content faster, create more quality content faster, and people could come up with all sorts of neet reports: Dictionary, Encyclopedia, Thesaurus, they'd all be queries to the database. I think this interoperability would be great...

BTW: wiktionary.org appears to be far less developed than wikipedia. Perhaps this "merging" of technologies would cause the wiktionary idea to become more of a success.

Then again, I could be nuts. --Daijoubu

 * It's not obvious that having a single database would make anything faster, but besides that, it would require a lot of work. There's no serious software development going on of any kind at the moment, due to a lack of interested programmers.

 * Wikipedia is 5 times older than Wiktionary. Plus Wikipedia is more interesting, so it attracts more contributors. -- Tim Starling 15:03 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I think this is addressed on meta somewhere. Martin

¡HELP!
How can I get rid of the bloody Nostalgia skin? I just tried it on but now I can't find a Preferences button anywhere! Help will be immensely appreciated. - Piolinfax 21:59 18 Jul 2003 (UTC) You can leave me a message in User talk:Piolinfax. Ta! - Piolinfax 22:12 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Hidden blocked IP address?
I believe my IP address has been banned because I swamped the server with a script. (It was retrieving and not updating, but being automated I suppose it qualifies as a bot. I thought it was slow enough, but apparently not.)  Strangely, though, my IP address does not show up in Special:Ipblocklist. How do I go about verifying that is what happened, and perform appropriate apologies and grovelling to get re-instated? Thanks for any advice. -- Amillar 19:16 15 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * As far as I know, it's only possible to block an ip from changing articles, not from reading them, although I could be wrong, probably better for someone else to answer that. (As for retrieving, it should be possible to download the whole (slightly outdated) database from Database_download, if you have a few gigabytes to spare. 149mb without article history, compressed. Don't know how much, uncompressed.) כסיף Cyp 07:18 19 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Yes, it is possible to block a user from reading articles. The rest of my reply is on User talk:Amillar. -- Tim Starling 11:29 19 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * BTW the cur table is 640MB uncompressed. Old is 8.2 GB. If you're a sysop you can find this out by running the SQL query "SHOW TABLE STATUS". -- Tim Starling 11:53 19 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the tips on the database. As to the blocked IP address, I still have no answers.  Who should I contact next?  -- Amillar 16:27 22 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Military Science or Space Exploration?
I'm considering making an entry, but I'm not sure which category to put it in. The exploration of space is a multi-category field - trying to pin it down to one science is impossible. Between electronics, astro-physics, life support, etc. etc. etc.; forget it. However, let's assume for a moment that we're actually going to send people to the stars. Add to that assumption the slight possibility of our brave explorers voyaging to a planet, and find themselves as the main course of an alien family... Enter Military Science (or military applications of pre-existing science, in most cases.)  While I'm not in favor of the military leading our little expedition, I'm leary about not having any kind of protection from unknown species. Now, the entry(ies??) would be sound, scientifically-based, although I would link to (and probably add) some non-inertial theories of faster-than-light transport. Obvious question is, where do I put this? Draconis

 * Can't tell, without actually reading it, but if it's put a strange place, it can at least be moved later. כסיף Cyp 08:53 19 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I was just wondering, is it OK to copy photos from other language wikipedias and use them on the English one, I cant see why it would be a problem but I was just making sure. G-Man 11:59 19 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's fine. -- Tim Starling 12:01 19 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I successfully uploaded, but it didn't show on recent changes, and instead of getting the "Image successfully uploaded" response to uploading, I got a page saying:

=Database error= From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "UPDATE cur SET cur_timestamp='20030719174604', cur_user=7586, cur_user_text='Cyp', cur_text='Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. See also: Upload log archive All times shown are server time (UTC). Current server time is: July 29, 2024. 17:46 19 Jul 2003 Cyp uploaded \"Erf.png\" (Error function, with higher E, made by me.)  17:45 19 Jul 2003 Jstanley01 uploaded \"G_and_b.JPG\" 17:34 19 Jul 2003 Infrogmation uploaded \"ZocaloMexicoCity1900.jpg\" (Zocalo and Cathedral, Mexico City. From stereocard c 1900)  17:24 19 Jul 2003 Jstanley01 uploaded \"Guns_and_butter.JPG\" (I produced this image)  17:03 19 Jul 2003 The Anomebot uploaded \"Map_of_Washington_highlighting_Cowlitz_County.png\" (Public domain map courtesy of The General Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin, modified to show counties. Released under GFDL. See U.S. county maps.)  17:02 19 Jul 2003 The Anomebot uploaded

(Picture of John Pilger, taken from Mr. Pilger\'s site, http://pilger.carlton.com/home/biography)  04:53 1 Jul 2003 Seav uploaded \"Ph_seal_camarines_sur.png\" (Provincial Seal of Camarines Sur)
04:47 1 Jul 2003 Hike395 uploaded \"TreeKill.jpg\" (Mammoth Mountain tree kill area)

01:05 1 Jul 2003 Mydogategodshat uploaded \"Elastic_demand.png\" (elastic demand)

01:04 1 Jul 2003 Mydogategodshat uploaded \"Price_skimming_small.png\" (price skimming)
', cur_comment='uploaded \"Erf.png\": Error function, with higher E, made by me.', cur_restrictions='sysop', inverse_timestamp='79969280825395' WHERE cur_id=62938" from within function "LogPage::saveContent". MySQL returned error "1153: Got a packet bigger than 'max_allowed_packet'".

From the start to the end, including the omitted text, is 1047870 bytes, surprisingly close to 220. Thought the error message was a bit too long to post all of it here. Haven't seen this error before. July 29, 2024 is interesting to know, at least. כסיף Cyp 18:05 19 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * OK, I've flushed the current revision.--Eloquence 19:14 19 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Hello, a relative newbie here. Could I get some advice on Robert M. Parker, Jr., please? The page that is there is an excellent biography, but there's quite a bit of other material that I would like to add. Are there copyright or other issues with rewriting what's there, since it was taken from the Parker website? Thanks in advance, Wnissen 19:11 19 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * No - when it gets put into Wikipedia (with permission) the text becomes licensed under the GNU FDL. You can edit it freely. CGS 19:15 19 Jul 2003 (UTC).

 * Thanks very much for the help. I'll be putting some new content in soon. Wnissen 19:28 19 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Is the source code for the protected pages, particularly the main page, available? By 'source code' I mean the wiki markup, not html code. Thanks. IntMan

 * It is at Main Page/Temp. --Eloquence 00:36 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Searching questions
Maybe I'm missing something (highly likely), but it seems to me that searches in Wikipedia are still primitive in some ways. One thing I noticed recently is that searching seems to change if a new node is created.

For example, suppose I do a search for "yyxxxzzz" in Wikipedia. If there is no node for "yxxxzzz", then I will probably see a list of entries which contain this string. However, if I now create a node for "yyxxxzzz", and do the search again, the search will find the new node, and short-circuit all the other entries. While this is often useful, it is not always ideal, and makes it harder to find entries which should cross-refer to each other. Perhaps there are features of the search facility which I don't know about, but this behaviour does seem unhelpful. -- David Martland 10:39 21 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * There is a difference between the behavior of the search button and the go button. See Go button for details. --Eloquence 12:29 21 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * That's helpful, thank you. However, it doesn't solve all problems. I've been experimenting, and discovered this, for example. Try typing in "Theobald Boehm"

and then hit either Search or Go. Neither should find any page. Firstly, Theobald Boehm does not yet exist as a node in WP. However, it does exist as a proto-link on the page flutist. Surely this should be picked up? Perhaps the problem here is that the search term makes use of two words linked together? (There's some odd formatting here, not sure why!) -- David Martland 12:52 21 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * The reason for that is that the fulltext search is currently disabled on the English Wikipedia for performance reasons. It's still dog slow, though ..--Eloquence 13:00 21 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Anon user 64.119.193.140 is adding links to http://www.maintour.com pages for every Southern California town. They seem borderline to me, because the pages contain a tiny bit of encyclopedia info and massive advertising. Are these worth keeping, or are we just being used to generate traffic? Stan 19:24 22 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * It looks like the IP address belongs to Grand Pacifc Resorts. So it would seem they are trying to use the 'pedia to beef up business?  I'd revert the edits--they don't add any useful information. —Frecklefoot 19:44 22 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Alright, I have put a temporary block on the IP address. Feel free to unblock it at anytime.  MB 19:55 22 Jul 2003 (UTC)

How do I search the mailing list archives? -- Tarquin 12:38 23 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * Can at least search some of it, with [29 ]. Don't know if there is a better way. כסיף Cyp 12:49 23 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * There is. MARC has searchable archives of Wikipedia-l, wikien-l, wikitech-l and intlwiki-l. --Eloquence 16:34 23 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Could we add those links to the page about the mailing list? Why doesn't our mailing list archiving system offer a search facility itself? -- Tarquin 16:59 23 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Birthplaces
I think it'd informative to, in a place-article (e.g., Shiraz, Iran), list the people born there. For example, who actually have heard of Shiraz because they bought those exotic carpets from there? I think the place has became quasi-famous recently only because the recently deceased Bijani twins and Zahra Kazemi were born there.

It probably isn't gonna work on London, since so many people were born there and proportionally many gained fame. But for small cities and towns, and non-European, non-American cities, it'd give the reader a chance to read more life of, say, Shirazi people as case studies.

What are your thoughts?

--Menchi 19:29 23 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Absolutely - for many small towns it's the most notable thing about them. :-) Note that many big cities also have lists of native notables attached to their articles, so there's precedent for that. Think of a potential visitor to the city wondering what famous persons are from there - a good list would also mention existence of plaques, memorials, statues, etc. Stan 20:49 23 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Thx. --Menchi 21:20 23 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * For big cities it might make sense to break it out into a separate article with information about notable natives of the city and any statues/plaques/memories/etc. to honor them. --Delirium 22:05 23 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Added. --Menchi 21:20 23 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Well now that I've calmed down a bit about what made me quit - I want to not let a couple of people ruin my participation in this interesting project. I want to make a suggestion to fidgety busy-bodies. It won't hurt the project to wait more than 2 minutes before you start stepping all over something someone else is in the current process of working on. In my case as a newer user, it may take me an hour, but it is satisfying when I can accomplish it and then "set it free to the wolves". During the process helpful hints are welcome, but constantly having a tug-of-war of working on something, edit conflict, reverts, repeat... is tiresome. Have a bit of patience. Let me quote the helpful hints I got before I threw up my hands and said, "this isn't worth it.": Dmsar 01:05 22 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * You've created an article at Bulletin Board. This is in the Wikipedia namespace, which meas it's for utility pages. There was an article for bulleten board already at Bulletin Board, which you have redirected. Why is this? Mintguy

 * Material moved from incorrectly named page:
 * 1. album by The Partridge Family
 * 2. Hacker jargon
 * 3. Standar usage of bulletin board
 * This is a disambiguation page. If you followed a link here, you might want to go back and fix that link.
 * What is this for? Mintguy 23:13 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * Are you trying to start an article? You've put it in the wrong place. Meta pages are not for articles, but for information relating the the operation of this site. Put you article at Bulletin board. and sign your name with 4 "~". --Jiang 23:27 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * Nonono!!!! This doesn't belong here. Why put it on a utility page? Plus, you redirect should be #REDIRECTBulletin Board for it to work. Please move the contents of this page (minus the discussion) there and this one will be deleted. --Jiang 23:47 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * End of moved material Enchanter 23:54 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * Are you trying to start an article? You've put it in the wrong place. Meta pages are not for articles, but for information relating the the operation of this site. Put you article at Bulletin board. and sign your name with 4 "~". --Jiang 23:27 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * Nonono!!!! This doesn't belong here. Why put it on a utility page? Plus, you redirect should be #REDIRECTBulletin Board for it to work. Please move the contents of this page (minus the discussion) there and this one will be deleted. --Jiang 23:47 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * End of moved material Enchanter 23:54 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * Nonono!!!! This doesn't belong here. Why put it on a utility page? Plus, you redirect should be #REDIRECTBulletin Board for it to work. Please move the contents of this page (minus the discussion) there and this one will be deleted. --Jiang 23:47 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * End of moved material Enchanter 23:54 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * End of moved material Enchanter 23:54 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * End of moved material Enchanter 23:54 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I came across this site a couple of days back and was amazed! It's a fantastic example of the exercise of freedom with responsibility and what is possible in future societies- a functioning anarchy in the positive sense where knowledge is free and not elitist. Actually I discovered how little I knew in concrete, black and white terms in my own areas of interest when I thought of attempting a written equivalent of verbal extempore - I didn't want to commit myself to information that could be wrong. I feel that many more people should be made aware of this site so that the level of contributions could become much better with more participation. I discovered it through a search for a topic in Google. I am now telling many people about this site. Is there any way the site can feature better in page rank orders of search engines- ofcourse without resorting to unethical practices.

 * Hi anon, thanks for your comments. You may want to create a user account to sign your comments (type three tildes,, when logged in to insert a signature). The search engine ranking depends on a lot of factors; in Google's case mainly on the number of pages that link to a page. A good way to increase a page's ranking is therefore both to link to it from more pages inside Wikipedia and outside of it. An incomplete list of pages that are ranked highly on Google can be found on Top 10 Google hits, A-K and Top 10 Google hits, L-Z respectively. By the way, Wikipedia is not entirely anarchistic -- see Power structure on the Meta-Wikipedia for details. --Eloquence 12:22 24 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Why does this top 10 list have 600 entries? CGS 17:47 24 Jul 2003 (UTC).

 * Firstly, there are 604 entires as of right now; secondly, the 'top ten'-ness is of the ranking of the required search, not a 'top ten' listing itself.
 * James F. 19:18 24 Jul 2003 (UTC)


text:
Geophysical survey (archaeology)

In archaeology, geophysical survey is ground-based physical sensing techniques used for archaeological imaging or mapping. Remote sensing and marine surveys are also used in archaeology, but are generally considered separate disciplines. Other terms, such as "geophysical prospection" and "archaeological geophysics" are generally synonymous.

Overview
Geophysical survey is used to create maps of subsurface archaeological features. Features are the non-portable part of the archaeological record, whether standing structures or traces of human activities left in the soil. Geophysical instruments can detect buried features when their physical properties contrast measurably with their surroundings. In some cases individual artifacts, especially metal, may be detected as well. Readings taken in a systematic pattern become a data set that can be rendered as image maps. Survey results can be used to guide excavation and to give archaeologists insight into the patterning of non-excavated parts of the site. Unlike other archaeological methods, geophysical survey is neither invasive nor destructive. For this reason, it is often used where preservation (rather than excavation) is the goal, and to avoid disturbance of culturally sensitive sites such as cemeteries.

Although geophysical survey has been used in the past with intermittent success, good results are very likely when it is applied appropriately. It is most useful when it is used in a well-integrated research design where interpretations can be tested and refined. Both survey design and interpretation require a knowledge of the archaeological record and how it is expressed geophysically. Appropriate instrumentation, survey design, and data processing are essential for success, and must be adapted to the unique geology and archaeological record of each site. In the field, control of data quality and spatial accuracy are critical.

Methods
Geophysical methods used in archaeology are largely adapted from those used in mineral exploration, engineering, and geology. Archaeological mapping presents unique challenges, however, which have spurred a separate development of methods and equipment. In general, geological applications are concerned with detecting relatively large structures, often as deeply as possible. In contrast, most archaeological sites are relatively near the surface, often within the top meter of earth. Instruments are often configured to limit the depth of response to better resolve the near-surface phenomena that are likely to be of interest. Another challenge is to detect subtle and often very small features – which may be as ephemeral as organic staining from decayed wooden posts - and distinguish them from rocks, roots, and other natural "clutter". To accomplish this requires not only sensitivity, but also high density of data points, usually at least one and sometimes dozens of readings per square meter.

Most commonly applied to archaeology are magnetometers, electrical resistance meters, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic (EM) conductivity meters. These methods can resolve many types of archaeological features, are capable of high sample density surveys of very large areas, and of operating under a wide range of conditions. While common metal detectors are geophysical sensors, they are not capable of generating high-resolution imagery. Other established and emerging technologies are also finding use in archaeological applications.

Electrical resistance meters can be thought of as similar to the Ohmmeters used to test electrical circuits. In most systems, metal probes are inserted into the ground to obtain a reading of the local electrical resistance. A variety of probe configurations are used, most having four probes, often mounted on a rigid frame. Capacitively coupled systems that do not require direct physical contact with the soil have also been developed. Archaeological features can be mapped when they are of higher or lower resistivity than their surroundings. A stone foundation might impede the flow of electricity, while the organic deposits within a midden might conduct electricity more easily than surrounding soils. Although generally used in archaeology for planview mapping, resistance methods also have a limited ability to discriminate depth and create vertical profiles (see Electrical resistivity tomography).

Electromagnetic (EM) conductivity instruments have a response that is comparable to that of resistance meters (conductivity is the inverse of resistance). Underground archaeological features are detected by creating a magnetic field underground by applying an electric current that has a known frequency and magnitude through a sending coil. The currents spur a secondary current in underground conductors that is picked up by a receiving coil. Changes in the underground conductivity can indicate buried features. Although EM conductivity instruments are generally less sensitive than resistance meters to the same phenomena, they do have a number of unique properties. One advantage is that they do not require direct contact with the ground, and can be used in conditions unfavorable to resistance meters. Another advantage is relatively greater speed than resistance instruments. Unlike resistance instruments, conductivity meters respond strongly to metal. This can be a disadvantage when the metal is extraneous to the archaeological record, but can be useful when the metal is of archaeological interest. Some EM conductivity instruments are also capable of measuring magnetic susceptibility, a property that is becoming increasingly important in archaeological studies.

Magnetometers used in geophysical survey may use a single sensor to measure the total magnetic field strength, or may use two (sometimes more) spatially separated sensors to measure the gradient of the magnetic field (the difference between the sensors). In most archaeological applications the latter (gradiometer) configuration is preferred because it provides better resolution of small, near-surface phenomena. Magnetometers may also use a variety of different sensor types. Proton precession magnetometers have largely been superseded by faster and more sensitive fluxgate and caesium instruments.

Every kind of material has unique magnetic properties, even those that we do not think of as being "magnetic". Different materials below the ground can cause local disturbances in the Earth's magnetic field that are detectable with sensitive magnetometers. Magnetometers react very strongly to iron and steel, brick, burned soil, and many types of rock, and archaeological features composed of these materials are very detectable. Where these highly magnetic materials do not occur, it is often possible to detect very subtle anomalies caused by disturbed soils or decayed organic materials. The chief limitation of magnetometer survey is that subtle features of interest may be obscured by highly magnetic geologic or modern materials.

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is perhaps the best known of these methods (although it is not the most widely applied in archaeology). The concept of radar is familiar to most people. In this instance, the radar signal – an electromagnetic pulse – is directed into the ground. Subsurface objects and stratigraphy (layering) will cause reflections that are picked up by a receiver. The travel time of the reflected signal indicates the depth. Data may be plotted as profiles, or as planview maps isolating specific depths.

GPR can be a powerful tool in favorable conditions (uniform sandy soils are ideal). It is unique both in its ability to detect some spatially small objects at relatively great depths and in its ability to distinguish the depth of anomaly sources. The principal disadvantage of GPR is that it is severely limited by less-than-ideal conditions. The high electrical conductivity of fine-grained sediments (clays and silts) causes conductive losses of signal strength; rocky or heterogeneous sediments scatter the GPR signal.

Metal detectors use electromagnetic induction to detect metal. Although other types of instruments (notably magnetometers and electromagnetic conductivity meters) have some sensitivity to metal, specialized metal detectors are much more effective. Metal detectors are available in different configurations, varying in sophistication and sensitivity. Most have some capacity to discriminate between different types of metallic targets.

Common hand-held metal detectors are widely used by archaeologists. Most of these instruments do not create a logged data set and thus cannot be used for directly creating maps, but used in a systematic manner they can be a useful tool in archaeological research. Sometimes external data loggers are attached to such detectors which collect information about detected materials and corresponding gps coordinates for further processing. Misuse of these instruments on archaeological sites by treasure hunters and artifact collectors has been a serious problem in archaeological preservation however cooperative efforts between skilled amateur operators and academic teams are emerging in the field.

Although not as commonly used in archaeology, sophisticated metal detectors are available having much greater sensitivity than hand-held models. These instruments are capable of data logging and sophisticated target discrimination. They can be mounted on wheeled carts for survey data collection.

Lidar (LIght raDAR) is an optical remote sensing technology that can measure the distance to a target by illuminating the target with light, often using pulses from a laser. Lidar has many applications in the field of archaeology including aiding in the planning of field campaigns, mapping features beneath forest canopy, and providing an overview of broad, continuous features that may be indistinguishable on the ground. Lidar can also provide archaeologists with the ability to create high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) of archaeological sites that can reveal micro-topography that are otherwise hidden by vegetation. Lidar-derived products can be easily integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) for analysis and interpretation.

Data collection is broadly similar regardless of the particular sensing instrument. Survey usually involves walking with the instrument along closely spaced parallel traverses, taking readings at regular intervals. In most cases, the area to be surveyed is staked into a series of square or rectangular survey "grids" (terminology can vary). With the corners of the grids as known reference points, the instrument operator uses tapes or marked ropes as a guide when collecting data. In this way, positioning error can be kept to within a few centimeters for high-resolution mapping. Survey systems with integrated global positioning systems (GPS) have been developed, but under field conditions, currently available systems lack sufficient precision for high-resolution archaeological mapping. Geophysical instruments (notably metal detectors) may also used for less formally "scanning" areas of interest.

Data processing and imaging convert raw numeric data into interpretable maps. Data processing usually involves the removal of statistical outliers and noise, and interpolation of data points. Statistical filters may be designed to enhance features of interest (based on size, strength, orientation, or other criteria), or suppress obscuring modern or natural phenomena. Inverse modeling of archaeological features from observed data is becoming increasingly important. Processed data are typically rendered as images, as contour maps, or in false relief. When geophysical data are rendered graphically, the interpreter can more intuitively recognize cultural and natural patterns and visualize the physical phenomena causing the detected anomalies.

Development

The use of geophysical survey is well established in European archaeology, especially in Great Britain, where it was pioneered in the 1940s and 1950s. It is increasingly employed in other parts of the world, and with increasing success as techniques are adapted to unique regional conditions.

In early surveys, measurements were recorded individually and plotted by hand. Although useful results were sometimes obtained, practical applications were limited by the enormous amount of labor required. Data processing was minimal and sample densities were necessarily low.

Although the sensitivity of sensors has improved, and new methods have been developed, the most important developments have been automated data logging and computers to handle and process large amounts of data. Continuing improvements in survey equipment performance and automation have made it possible to rapidly survey large areas. Rapid data collection has also made it practical to achieve the high sample densities necessary to resolve small or subtle features. Advances in processing and imaging software have made it possible to detect, display, and interpret subtle archaeological patterning within the geophysical data.

title: Geophysical survey (archaeology)


text:
Tirant lo Blanch

Tirant lo Blanch (modern spelling: Tirant lo Blanc ), in English Tirant the White , is a chivalric romance written by the Valencian knight Joanot Martorell, finished posthumously by his friend Martí Joan de Galba and published in the city of Valencia in 1490 as an incunabulum edition. The title means "Tirant the White" and is the name of the romance's main character who saves the Byzantine Empire.

It is one of the best known medieval works of literature in Valencian language. It is considered a masterpiece in the Valencian literature and in the literature in Catalan language as a whole,   and it played an important role in the evolution of the Western novel through its influence on the author Miguel de Cervantes. The book has been noted for its use of many Valencian proverbs.

Plot
Tirant lo Blanch tells the story of a knight Tirant from Brittany who has a series of adventures across Europe in his quest. He joins in knightly competitions in England and France until the Emperor of the Byzantine Empire asks him to help in the war against the Ottoman Turks, Islamic invaders threatening Constantinople, the capital and seat of the Empire. Tirant accepts and is made Megaduke of the Byzantine Empire and the captain of an army. He defeats the invaders and saves the Empire from destruction. Afterwards, he fights the Turks in many regions of the eastern Mediterranean and North Africa, but he dies just before he can marry the pretty heiress of the Byzantine Empire.

Themes
Compared to books of the same time period, it lacks the bucolic, platonic, and contemplative love commonly portrayed in the chivalric heroes. Instead the main character is full of life and sensuous love, sarcasm, and human feelings. The work is filled with down to earth descriptions of daily life, prosaic and even bitter in nature.

Influence
Tirant lo Blanch is one of the most important books written in Valencian. Written by Joanot Martorell in the 15th century, the Tirant is an unusual chivalric novel in its naturalistic and satirical character, which also appears to have a strong autobiographic component. It tells the feats and adventures of Knight Tirant lo Blanc from Brittany. At times, it parallels the life and adventures of Roger de Flor, main leader of the mercenary Company of Almogàvers, which fought in Asia Minor and Greece, both for and against the Emperor of Byzantium. This historical resemblance is evident in the description of events occurring around Constantinople and the defeat of Sultan Mehmed II "the conqueror". While Roger de Flor's almogàvers had the upper hand in the region, the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 was a huge shock to Christian Europe, marking an end to the Byzantine Empire that Martorell's contemporaries wished to change. In writing his novel, Martorell perhaps rewrote history to fit what he wanted it to be - which in a way makes it a precursor of the present-day genre of alternate history.

The Spanish text of Don Quixote states, in Chapter 6 of Part I, that because of certain characteristics of Tirant – characters with unlikely or funny names such as Kirieleison de Montalbán, the presence of a merry widow, the fact that in the book knights eat, sleep, and die in their beds having made a will, and the title can be understood as "Tirant the Blank", lacking a major victory to put on his shield – the book is quite different from the typical chivalric romance. These aspects make the book exceptional, and made Cervantes state that "por su estilo", which can be translated "because of its style" but more likely means "in its own way", the book is "a treasure of enjoyment and a gold mine of recreation" ("un tesoro de contento y una mina de pasatiempos"), the "best book in the world." It is an (unintentionally) funny book, and Cervantes liked funny books, believed the world needed more of them, and wrote his own in Don Quixote. Cervantes saw this 100-year-old book as the crown jewel of his library.

Translations
The book has been translated into several languages including French, Italian, Spanish, Polish, Russian, Finnish, German, Dutch, Swedish and Chinese. Modern translations of the book into English include Tirant lo Blanc, translated by David H. Rosenthal (1983, 1996), Tirant lo Blanc: The Complete Translation (Catalan Studies, Vol 1), translated by Ray La Fontaine (1994) and The White Knight: Tirant lo Blanc (Project Gutenberg), translated by Robert S. Rudder (1995). There's also an adaptation in modern Catalan

Film adaptation
The plot of the 2006 film adaptation is based on the later part of the adventures of Tirant and events leading to his involvement in Constantinople and afterwards.

title: Tirant lo Blanch