text:
Stephen Glass

Stephen Randall Glass (born September 15, 1972) is an American former journalist. He worked for The New Republic from 1995 to 1998 until it was revealed many of his published articles were fabrications. An internal investigation by The New Republic determined the majority of stories he wrote either contained false information or were fictitious.

Following the journalism scandal, Glass pursued a career in law. Although he earned a Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center and passed the bar exam in New York and California, he was unable to become a licensed attorney in either state over concerns derived from his scandal. Glass instead found work as a paralegal at the law firm Carpenter, Zuckerman & Rowley, serving as the director of special projects and trial-team coordinator.

Glass made a brief return to writing when he fictionalized his story in his 2003 novel The Fabulist. The same year, the scandal was dramatized in the film Shattered Glass, which is based on a Vanity Fair article of the same name and stars Hayden Christensen as Glass.

Journalism career
Glass grew up in a Jewish family in the Chicago suburb of Highland Park, and attended Highland Park High School. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania as University Scholar and was an executive editor of the student newspaper, The Daily Pennsylvanian. After his graduation, Glass worked for the conservative Policy Review before being hired by The New Republic in 1995 as an editorial assistant. Soon after, the 23-year-old Glass advanced to writing features. While employed full-time at TNR, he also wrote for other magazines including George, Rolling Stone, and Harper's; he also contributed to Public Radio International's (PRI) This American Life.

New Republic work
Glass generally enjoyed loyalty from The New Republic staff. But his articles generally relied on unnamed or partially identified sources, and several of his pieces prompted denials from their subjects.

In December 1996, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) was the target of a hostile article by Glass titled "Hazardous to Your Mental Health". CSPI wrote a letter to the editor and issued a press release pointing out numerous inaccuracies and distortions and hinting at possible plagiarism. The organization Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) accused Glass of falsehoods in his March 1997 article "Don't You D.A.R.E". In May 1997, Joe Galli of the College Republican National Committee accused Glass of fabrications in "Spring Breakdown", his lurid tale of drinking and debauchery at the 1997 Conservative Political Action Conference. A June 1997 article called "Peddling Poppy" about a Hofstra University conference on George H. W. Bush drew a letter from Hofstra reciting errors in the story.

Through these allegations, The New Republic generally defended Glass; editor Michael Kelly even demanded CSPI apologize to Glass. Still, the magazine's majority owner and editor-in-chief, Martin Peretz, later said that his wife had told him that she did not find Glass's stories credible and had stopped reading them.

Exposure
In the May 18, 1998, issue, The New Republic published a story by Glass (by then an associate editor) entitled "Hack Heaven", purportedly telling the story of a 15-year-old hacker who had penetrated a company's computer network, then been hired by that company as a security consultant. The article opened as follows,

"Ian Restil, a 15-year-old computer hacker who looks like an even more adolescent version of Bill Gates, is throwing a tantrum. 'I want more money. I want a Miata. I want a trip to Disney World. I want X-Men comic [book] number one. I want a lifetime subscription to Playboy – and throw in Penthouse. Show me the money! Show me the money!...'

Across the table, executives from a California software firm called Jukt Micronics are listening and trying ever so delicately to oblige. 'Excuse me, sir,' one of the suits says tentatively to the pimply teenager. 'Excuse me. Pardon me for interrupting you, sir. We can arrange more money for you.'"

Adam Penenberg, a reporter with Forbes magazine, endeavored to fact check the piece, in part to explain how "Forbes Digital had been scooped by a weekly political publication." Beyond Glass's story, Penenberg found no search results for "Jukt Micronics", and, when he made an inquiry to the California Franchise Tax Board, the tax board reported back that no such company had ever paid taxes. Penenberg also found that several other claims Glass made in the article appeared to be false: Glass claimed that law-enforcement officials in Nevada ran articles pleading with companies not to hire hackers, but Bob Harmon, Public Information Officer for the Nevada State Attorney General's Office, said no such ads ran. Glass claimed that 21 states were considering a "Uniform Computer Security Act", which would "criminalize immunity deals between hackers and companies," but law enforcement officials and the National Conference of Commissions on Uniform State Laws were unaware of any such proposed legislation. Glass claimed that there had been a computer-hacker conference in Bethesda, Maryland, sponsored by the "National Assembly of Hackers", but the Forbes team "could not unearth a single hacker who had even heard of this outfit, let alone attended the conference."

On Friday, May 8, 1998, Forbes presented its full findings to Charles Lane, the lead editor of The New Republic. Lane had, to that point, been unaware of potential issues with the article. Lane had Glass take him to a Hyatt Regency Hotel in Bethesda, Maryland, where Glass had claimed the computer-hacker convention occurred. He found that the hotel's layout did not match the story's description, the building in which the piece said the event took place had not been open on the supposed day of the conference, and the restaurant where the hackers supposedly had a dinner banquet afterwards closed in the mid afternoon. Lane dialed a Palo Alto number provided by Glass and spoke with a man who identified himself as a Jukt executive; when he realized that the "executive" was actually Glass's brother, he fired Glass.

Lane later said: "We extended normal human trust to someone who basically lacked a conscience... We busy, friendly folks, were no match for such a willful deceiver... We thought Glass was interested in our personal lives, or our struggles with work, and we thought it was because he cared. Actually, it was all about sizing us up and searching for vulnerabilities. What we saw as concern was actually contempt."

Aftermath
The New Republic subsequently determined that at least 27 of the 41 articles Glass wrote for the magazine contained fabricated material. Some of the 27, such as "Don't You D.A.R.E.", contained real reporting interwoven with fabricated quotations and incidents, while others, including "Hack Heaven", were completely made up. In the process of creating the "Hack Heaven" article, Glass had gone to especially elaborate lengths to thwart the discovery of his deception by TNR fact checkers: creating a website and voice mail account for Jukt Micronics; fabricating notes of story gathering; having fake business cards printed; and even composing editions of a fake computer hacker community newsletter.

As for the balance of the 41 stories, Lane, in an interview given for the 2005 DVD edition of Shattered Glass, said, "In fact, I'd bet lots of the stuff in those other 14 is fake too. ... It's not like we're vouching for those 14, that they're true. They're probably not either". Rolling Stone, George and Harper's also re-examined his contributions. Rolling Stone and Harper's found the material generally accurate yet maintained they had no way of verifying information because Glass had cited anonymous sources. George discovered that at least three of the stories Glass wrote for it contained fabrications. Glass fabricated quotations in a profile piece and apologized to the article's subject, Vernon Jordan, an adviser to Bill Clinton when he was president. A court filing for Glass's application to the California bar gave an updated count on his journalism career: 36 of his stories at The New Republic were said to be fabricated in part or in whole, along with three articles for George, two articles for Rolling Stone and one for Policy Review. Glass also later wrote a letter admitting he fabricated the article he wrote for Harper's and the company retracted the story (the publication's first retraction in 165 years).

Glass had contributed a story to an October 1997 episode of the NPR program This American Life about an internship at George Washington's former plantation and another to a December 1997 episode about time he spent as a telephone psychic. The program subsequently removed both segments from the Archives section of its website "because of questions about [their] truthfulness".

In 2003, Glass briefly returned to journalism, writing an article about Canadian marijuana laws for Rolling Stone. On November 7, 2003, Glass participated in a panel discussion on journalistic ethics at George Washington University, along with the editor who had hired him at The New Republic, Andrew Sullivan, who accused Glass of being a "serial liar" who was using "contrition as a career move".

Depiction in other media
In 2003, Glass published a fictionalized account of his time at the New Republic, the "biographical novel", The Fabulist. Glass sat for an interview with the weekly news program 60 Minutes timed to coincide with the release of his book. The New Republic literary editor, Leon Wieseltier, complained, "The creep is doing it again. Even when it comes to reckoning with his own sins, he is still incapable of nonfiction. The careerism of his repentance is repulsively consistent with the careerism of his crimes". One reviewer of The Fabulist commented, "The irony—we must have irony in a tale this tawdry—is that Mr. Glass is abundantly talented. He's funny and fluent and daring. In a parallel universe, I could imagine him becoming a perfectly respectable novelist—a prize-winner, perhaps, with a bit of luck".

A film about the scandal, Shattered Glass, was released in October 2003 and depicted a stylized view of Glass's rise and fall at The New Republic. Written and directed by Billy Ray, it stars Hayden Christensen as Glass, Peter Sarsgaard as Charles Lane, Hank Azaria as Michael Kelly and Steve Zahn as Adam Penenberg. The film, appearing shortly after The New York Times suffered a similar plagiarism scandal with the discovery of Jayson Blair's fabrications, occasioned critiques of journalism by nationally prominent journalists such as Frank Rich and Mark Bowden.

Restitution efforts
In 2015, Glass sent Harper's Magazine a check for $10,000 – what he was paid for the false articles – writing in the attached letter that he wanted "to make right that part of my many transgressions...I recognize that repaying Harper's will not remedy my wrongdoing, make us even, or undo what I did wrong. That said, I did not deserve the money that Harper's paid me and it should be returned". Glass has stated he has repaid $200,000 to The New Republic, Rolling Stone, Harper's and the publisher of Policy Review.

Legal career
In 2000, Glass graduated magna cum laude from Georgetown University Law Center with a Juris Doctor degree and was named a John M. Olin Fellow in law and economics. He then passed the New York State bar examination in 2000, but the Committee of Bar Examiners refused to certify him on its moral-fitness test, citing ethics concerns related to his journalistic malpractice. He later abandoned his efforts to be admitted to the bar in New York.

Glass clerked for D.C. Superior Court Judge A. Franklin Burgess, Jr. and interned for district-court judge Ricardo M. Urbina. In 2004, he was hired by Carpenter & Zuckerman, a personal injury law firm in West Hollywood, California. When joining the firm, a senior partner told Glass that being exposed as a serial fabricator "is the best thing that ever happened to you. Now that you've fallen on your face, you can actually be a useful human being." Also remarking later, "brilliance that has overcome failure can be truly useful to your fellow man." Glass is not licensed to practice law. At the firm he is listed as director of special projects.

Unsuccessful California Bar application
Glass passed the California Bar Exam in 2006 or 2007. In 2009, Glass applied to join the State Bar of California. The Committee of Bar Examiners refused to certify him, finding that he did not satisfy California's moral fitness test because of his history of journalistic deception. Insisting that he had reformed, Glass then petitioned the State Bar Court's hearing department, which found that Glass possessed the necessary "good moral character" to be admitted as an attorney.

The Committee of Bar Examiners sought review in the State Bar's Review Department and filed a Writ of Review, thereby petitioning the California Supreme Court to review the decision. On November 16, 2011, the Supreme Court granted the petition, the first time in 11 years the court had granted review in a moral character case. On January 3, 2012, Glass's attorneys filed papers with the Court arguing that his behavior had been beyond reproach for more than 13 years and this was proof that he had reformed.

On November 6, 2013, the California Supreme Court heard arguments in Glass's case and ruled unanimously against him in an opinion issued January 27, 2014. The lengthy opinion describes the applicant's history in minute detail, and rejected Glass's claim to have acted honestly since his deceptions as a journalist were revealed, instead finding "instances of dishonesty and disingenuousness persisting throughout that period". The court was particularly troubled by "hypocrisy and evasiveness in Glass's testimony at the [2010] California State Bar hearing", and further noted that he did not admit the full extent of his fabrications until the California State Bar moral character proceedings in 2007. Accordingly, Glass was denied admission to the California bar.

Personal life
In 1998, Glass met lawyer Julie Hilden in connection with his legal issues. They began dating in 2000, and married in 2014 after she was diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer's. Glass tended to her in their home in Venice, Los Angeles and hired a housekeeper and aides to stay with her while he was at work. Hilden died in 2018.

Fabricated articles
Many of the articles that Glass wrote for The New Republic are no longer available online. Below are links to some of those articles which Glass is suspected of fabricating in part or in whole:
 * "A Day on the Streets", for The Daily Pennsylvanian, June 6, 1991
 * "Taxis and the Meaning of Work", August 5, 1996
 * "Probable Claus", published January 6 & 13, 1997
 * "Holy Trinity", published January 27, 1997
 * "Don't You D.A.R.E.", published March 3, 1997
 * "Writing on the Wall", published March 24, 1997
 * "Spring Breakdown", published March 31, 1997
 * "Slavery Chic", published July 14 & 21, 1997
 * "The Young and the Feckless", published September 15, 1997
 * "Monica Sells", April 13, 1998

title: Stephen Glass


text:
Talk:John Redwood

Untitled

 * It was of Redwood that John Major is believed to have been speaking when he made his famous comment about neutralising MPs who disagreed with his policies by inviting them into the Cabinet. (Major used a less polite turn of phrase.)

Could someone who knows more about this provide some additional information? It's impossible to understand for someone already not familiar with the incident as the description currently stands, and google doesn't turn up anything. --Delirium 00:45 11 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * You are quite right. Major said something about "the bastards", but I forget the exact quote. I'll dig it out. Mintguy 17:09, 23 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * Ok I've found it and, it looks like (at least as suggested from this report), Major wasn't talking about John Redwood anyway. http://politics.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,9174,534415,00.html

 * Another of those apocryphal stories, I suppose. But I've met JR and he is one. Deb 17:39, 23 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * It's messy because it appears that Major wasn't thinking specifically of individuals and was very tired when he said that, at the end of one of the longest weeks in politics. According to his memoirs (pages 343-344) he was really meaning ex ministers (presumably Norman Lamont amongst others, but not named) were bastards. At the time the media identified Lilley, Portillo and Redwood rather than Howard, but it is quite possible that Major had no specific individuals in mind (and asserts in his memoirs that the media knew more of those threes intentions than he did). Instead Major asserts no minister had threatened resignation over the Maastricht Treaty.

 * I've also met Redwood and don't find he meets up to the media image. Timrollpickering 14:06, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Not according to Paul Routledge and Simon Hoggart from The Observer on Sunday July 25, 1993, as given by the above link. Mintguy (T) 22:34, 11 May 2004 (UTC)

Did he really have an 'excellent adademic career'? Sure, he got the prize of an All Soul's scholarship, but this is open for application to any student who has got a First. I thought he'd gone on to the City to make money rather than persue a career in academia.

No- although those gaining good firsts can be invited to sit the examination, the All Souls scholarships are limited to only two or so a year in all disciplines. The scholarships themselves are enormously well-regarded in academia.

I've updated the article and added in some key points about Redwood's career which are not included in the article. I've also made some slight changes to avoid a neutral point of view dispute.

I've added his full, correct title which is 'The Rt Hon Dr John Alan Redwood DPhil PC', although am happy to be corrected if there is a particular Wikipedia style which needs to be followed. Shotlandiya 12:40, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Hideous. Using both "Dr" and "DPhil" is wrong. Ditto "The Rt Hon" and "PC" - the "PC" suffix is only for peers in the Privy Council because they could also be "Rt Hon" because of their peerage. Timrollpickering 12:55, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

 * In that case I will change it back

Shotlandiya 16:42, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Youtube clip of John Redwood miming the national anthem
I wanted to include a link to a Youtube clip of John Redwood miming the National Anthem. The link is http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIwBvjoLyZc I think it is valide to add this link because it is (1)accessible to the reader (b) it is relevant to the content of the article (useful, helpful, informative, factual, etc.) and(c) it is a functional link, and likely to continue being a functional link. However when I added the link it automatically got reverted.128.122.242.66 (talk) 19:52, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Neutrality
Most of the articel assumes a generally over-wishipping tone, describing events in such a manner that implies he was right in everything he does, kinda subtle but still fairly clear-cut. I haven't really got time to correct it, but I'd encourage others to do so.Nwe (talk) 15:56, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

I've asked for this to be checked, because the article seems to bear little resemblance to your criticism, and you haven't given any examples at all. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.150.235.122 (talk) 19:02, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I can't see anything immediately wrong with the article and seeing no examples or disputes, have removed the banner. Juggertrout (talk) 23:33, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

Caligula
Caligula / appointment / horse gag - isn't this quip a bit weary? God knows who first used it, and of whom. And it was a consul, anyway.

Shall we put this portly, tedious old clubmanism out of its misery and delete it?

Regards to all, Notreallydavid (talk) 03:25, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Satirised
This section used to read as follows:

"Redwood's appearance has led to some commentators, originally former Conservative MP turned political sketch-writer, Matthew Parris, noting similarities between him and Star Trek's Spock and so Redwood is often called a Vulcan. The name stuck, and in line with this, political cartoonists often draw him with pointed ears. It is a comparison which Redwood has not taken in good humour."

I've removed the final part, since it is uncited. It is also worth noting that it used to make the opposite statement. This can be seen looking back at this edit:

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Redwood&oldid=442080519

I didn't go back and see when the change was made, but someone else might want to do that.

Perhaps some citation can be found for the inference one way or the other. Theadder (talk) 07:06, 26 October 2012 (UTC)

This article is a little light on Redwood's role in facilitating privatisation within the Thatcher aegis, not just in the UK - and especially in Jamaica - with the assistance of City merchant bankersDelahays (talk) 07:13, 16 October 2017 (UTC)

Was born in Dover
The first sentence reads "John Redwood was born in Dover" and then the second sentence begins "The second child of" but if you read these two sentences in conjunction, it would make more sense to have a comma after Dover than a full stop. Vorbee (talk) 17:36, 27 December 2017 (UTC)

Amatuer cricketer
It was mentioned on The Media Show on December 27 2017 that John Redwood is a talented amatuer cricketer. This could go in the article, possibly in the section on Redwood's personal life. Vorbee (talk) 17:39, 27 December 2017 (UTC)

Knighthood
The article has been edited to refer to him as Sir John Redwood to reflect his inclusion in the 2019 New Year Honours list. But does this make someone immediately a knight, or does it require the accolade ceremony in the presence of the Queen? — BillC talk 20:44, 30 December 2018 (UTC)

Change name to Sir John Redwood
He has now been officially knighted, can we please change the name to add the title "Sir"? Or at least a redirect? ViscountVismut (talk) 20:15, 13 April 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:John Redwood


text:
Perceptual mapping

Perceptual mapping or market mapping is a diagrammatic technique used by asset marketers that attempts to visually display the perceptions of customers or potential customers. The positioning of a brand is influenced by customer perceptions rather than by those of businesses. For example, a business may feel it sells upmarket products of high quality, but if customers view the products as low quality, it is their views which will influence sales. Typically the position of a company's product, product line, or brand is displayed relative to their competition. Perceptual maps, also known as market maps, usually have two dimensions but can be multi-dimensional or use multiple colours to add an extra variable. They can be used to identify gaps in the market and potential partners or merger targets as well as to clarify perceptual problems with a company's product. So, if a business wants to find out where its brand is positioned in the market, it might carry out market research. This will help them to find out how the customers sees their brand in relation to others in the market.

Uses
Perceptual mapping enables companies to better understand their customers: the who, why, where, how and what of their behaviour. If a business is perceived in a manner they find unsatisfactory, further research then identifies what can be done to change that. Perceptual mapping also allows businesses to see what consumers think of other brands, particularly their competitors. Regular uses of the maps can help track preferences, and see changes as they happen. Perceptual mapping can help define market segments, showing clusters of businesses differentiated by key aspects (such as higher class or number of restaurants). Within the clusters found in perceptual maps of entire industries, a business can classify potential partners or possible businesses to merge with, since the clustering of brands signifies the similarity in businesses, meaning they have corresponding attributes. It can also help identify gaps in a market where a new product or service could be introduced.

Perceptual maps can also be used to help keep track of how a new product, such as a recently introduced smartphone, is being viewed in a specific market. It is important to see that the way a business is marketing its product is not only successful, but successful in a manner that aligns with the business’s overarching goal for positioning.

Some companies seem to have fallen out of favor with the public, such as Quicken Loans and VW. Perceptual mapping can help elicit the extent of the damage.

Limitations
There are many limitations to perceptual mapping. The largest is the number of variables used. Traditionally, the map uses two variables and does not account for others, because these first two variables include the most variance. This assumption can hinder the reliability of results, as in some cases, it is not safe to assume that there are only two major factors influencing the decision of purchase for a consumer. For example, a graph may use quality of food and pricing, but not take into account other relevant variables such as the number of visits and locations. Also, there is often a blurred line between what a business can offer and what a consumer thinks the business can offer. This could be due to miscommunication, lack of knowledge, impact from social media, and so on. These untruths can influence the result, creating a slight bias in the statistics. Another limitation is data gathering. The data needed to form a perceptual map is usually obtained through surveys, and can be difficult to obtain. The range of behaviours that the map covers is also a constraint, as the limitation to two variables means that its application works mainly with purchase decisions made with little thought and effort, such as purchasing a beverage at a store or going to a fast food restaurant.

Examples
Perceptual maps can have any number of dimensions but the most common is two dimensions. The first perceptual map below shows consumer perceptions of various automobiles on the two dimensions of sportiness/conservative and classy/affordable. This sample of consumers felt Porsche was the sportiest and classiest of the cars in the study (top right corner). They felt Plymouth was most practical and conservative (bottom left corner).

Cars that are positioned close to each other are seen as similar on the relevant dimensions by the consumer. For example, consumers see Buick, Chrysler, and Oldsmobile as similar. They are close competitors and form a competitive grouping. A company considering the introduction of a new model will look for an area on the map free from competitors. Some perceptual maps use different-sized circles to indicate the sales volume or market share of the various competing products.

Displaying consumers’ perceptions of related products is only half the story. Many perceptual maps also display consumers’ ideal points. These points reflect ideal combinations of the two dimensions as seen by a consumer. The next diagram shows a study of consumers’ ideal points in the alcohol/spirits product space. Each dot represents one respondent's ideal combination of the two dimensions. Areas where there is a cluster of ideal points (such as A) indicate a market segment. Areas without ideal points are sometimes referred to as demand voids.

A company considering introducing a new product will look for areas with a high density of ideal points. They will also look for areas without competitive rivals. This is best done by placing both the ideal points and the competing products on the same map.

Some maps plot ideal vectors instead of ideal points. The map below displays various aspirin products as seen on the dimensions of effectiveness and gentleness. It also shows two ideal vectors. The slope of the ideal vector indicates the ratio of the two dimensions preferred by those consumers within that segment. This study indicates that there is one segment that is more concerned with effectiveness than harshness, and another segment that is more interested in gentleness than strength.

Spidergrams
Spidergrams are an alternative to perceptual mapping that similarly are visual marketing tools; however, spidergrams also request customers to rate attributes.

Multidimensional perceptual maps
Traditional perceptual maps are built with two visual dimensions (X- and Y-axis). Multidimensional perceptual maps are built with more dimensions visualised as profile charts in small map regions, and then items are mapped to the regions by their similarity to the vectors that represent the region. A common technique to construct this kind of multidimensional perceptual maps is the self-organizing map. This helps pinpoint more variables, allowing for more in-depth research into what influences the consumer. This means that the perceptual map can be applied beyond low-involvement purchases, and also helps with identification of segments in a market.

Intuitive maps
Perceptual maps need not come from a detailed study. There are also intuitive maps (also called judgmental maps or consensus maps) that are created by marketers based on their understanding of their industry. These are limited by not being based on consumer data.

When detailed marketing research studies are done methodological problems can arise, but at least the information is coming directly from the consumer. An assortment of statistical procedures can be used to convert the raw data collected in a survey into a perceptual map. Preference regression will produce ideal vectors. Multi dimensional scaling will produce either ideal points or competitor positions. Factor analysis, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis and logit analysis can also be used. Some techniques are constructed from perceived differences between products, others from perceived similarities, and still others from cross price elasticity of demand data from electronic scanners.

Modern techniques
Marketers can reveal shoppers' collective perceptual map with increasing precision and detail by aggregating and analysing their data; this is done, for example, in the smartphone and laptop industries.

Furthermore, they can be used in non-commercial applications, such as identifying factors involved in dangerous driving.

title: Perceptual mapping


text:
Sastrugi

Sastrugi, or zastrugi, are features formed by erosion of snow by wind. They are found in polar regions, and in snowy, wind-swept areas of temperate regions, such as frozen lakes or mountain ridges. Sastrugi are distinguished by upwind-facing points, resembling anvils, which move downwind as the surface erodes. These points usually lie along ridges parallel to the prevailing wind; they are steep on the windward side and sloping to the leeward side. Smaller irregularities of this type are known as ripples (small, ~10 mm high) or wind ridges.

Large sastrugi are troublesome to skiers and snowboarders. Traveling on the irregular surface of sastrugi can be very tiring, and can risk breaking equipment—ripples and waves are often undercut and the surface is hard and unforgiving, with constant minor topographic changes between ridge and trough.

Etymology
The words sastrugi and zastrugi are Russian-language plurals; the singular is zastruga. The form sastruga started as the German-language transliteration of the Russian word заструга (plural: заструги).

A Latin-type analogical singular sastrugus is used in various writings on exploration of the South Pole, including Robert Falcon Scott's expedition's diaries and Ernest Shackleton's The Heart of the Antarctic.

Formation mechanism

Under the action of steady wind, free snow particles accumulate and drift like the sand grains in barchan dunes, and the resulting drifting snow shapes are also popularly referred to as barchans. Inuit of Canada call them kalutoqaniq. When winds slacken, the drifted formations consolidate via sublimation and recrystallization. Subsequent winds erode kalutoqaniq into the sculptured forms of sastrugi. Inuit call large sculpturings kaioqlaq and small ripples tumarinyiq. Further erosion may turn kaioqlaq back into drifting kalutoqaniq. An intermediate stage of erosion is mapsuk, an overhanging shape. On the windward side of a ridge, the base erodes faster than the top, producing a shape like an anvil tip pointing upwind.

On sea ice
Sastrugi are more likely to form on first-year sea ice than on multiyear ice. First-year ice is smoother than multiyear ice, which allows the wind to pass uniformly over the surface without topographic obstructions. Except during the melt season, snow is dry and light in climates cold enough for sea ice, allowing the snow to be easily blown and create sastrugi parallel to the wind direction. The locations of sastrugi are fixed by March in the northern hemisphere and may be linked to the formation of melt ponds. Melt ponds are more likely to form in the depressions between sastrugi on first-year ice.

title: Sastrugi


text:
Talk:Israel (disambiguation)

Untitled
This isn't how we do disambiguation in any other article. Why does it this way here? Disambiguation occurs in the article when the word itself needs clarification, in this case israel. The disambiguation should take place within the Israel space, with the content of that article moved to the article named State of Israel. RK 00:59 11 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * This is how we do disambiguation in other articles (see for instance London and London (disambiguation)). Some people think that in cases where a word is overwhelmingly used to mean one thing, but might nevertheless mean other things, this is a useful way to disambiguate (because almost all the links pointing to London will be about the capital of the UK, so it's sensible to have the article, rather than a disambig page, there). I'm not qualified to say whether that's the case here, I just wanted to point out that it isn't without precedent. --Camembert

 * Yes, the vast majority of references to "Israel" will be to the state, so that's where Israel should point. One of the goals of disambiguation machinery is to maximize the odds that random free links will go to the right place, and another is to reduce the amount of pipefitting needed across the breadth of the encyclopedia; all of the other terms I see in Israel (disambiguation) are specialized to the history and/or religion areas. Stan 01:21 11 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Ok, fine by me. I guess I was just used to the other cases. RK 01:58 11 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Am Israel
Another meaning of Israel is "the people Israel" (i.e. the people known as Israel: Heb. Am [aleph mem] Israel). Am Israel is the people called Israel because they are descendants of Israel i.e. Jacob but there's a difference: when Jews use the word "Israel" or the phrase "all Israel" they may well mean to say "the Jewish people".
 * I have reflected that in the dicamba page. Maybe the children of Israel page needs editing too? BobFromBrockley 15:54, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Purely speculative
"Thus the term "Israelites" originally referred to "Seers of God", i.e. genuine "Mystics" or "Gnostics" – and NOT to racial identity. Hence the original Israelites (or Seers) became known as the "chosen people", and the "beloved of God."

I edited this out because it is purely speculative pseudo-history with no basis in the Tanach or any other equally ancient historical document. The Israelites were the Children of Ya'akov, whom according to the Tanach G-d sealed a covenant with at Sinai. He didn't just speak with Moses, according to the Tanach He spoke to the whole of Israel, and sealed the covenant with all present that day, and all that would come. The history of the Jews can't be separated into religion and ethnicity. They are forever intertwined. Anyway, the above quote is purely speculative and adds nothing of value, other than an attempt for whoever wrote it to get his speculation heard.

Israel, the name
I always thought that Israel, written as Ysr-Al or Syr-Al meant, "Mankind presses with god" or "We strive for God", noting the Yod (arm), Sin (bow, or teeth), and Resh (mankind), are before the Aleph and Lamed, signifying god. This is completely theoretical of course. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 71.215.154.31 (talk) 08:38, 3 January 2007 (UTC).

hawiians named israel
I know of a few, is it a popular Hawaiian name?

== palestina (region) ==

I think there should be a separation between Land of Israel and Palestine, because they are dealing with a different point of view toward this territory, influenced by religion. A redirect called "Israel (region)" shouldn't be for an article about Palestine. It doesn't look good, it seems like a non-neutral point of view, like a pro-Palestine edited it. My suggestion is, to change Israel (region) to a disambiguation page, which links both to the articles Land of Israel and Palestine, and change the section about Israel (region) - it should include two sub-sections, about Land of Israel and Palestine. If there is no objection, I'll make these changes. Galzigler (talk) 18:59, 18 March 2013 (UTC)

Support, although I would say more influenced by politics than religion. “Land of Israel” shows up numerous time in Tanakh, “Palestine” is never in Quran,

Although idk about source, see https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/25090/what-was-palestine-called-in-the-quran/25094#25094 Zarcademan123456 (talk) 02:41, 3 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Israel (disambiguation)


text:
La Femme Nikita (film)

La Femme Nikita, also called Nikita in France, is a 1990 French-language action thriller film written and directed by Luc Besson. The film stars Anne Parillaud as the title character, a criminal who is convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for murdering policemen during an armed pharmacy robbery. Her government handlers fake her death and recruit her as a professional assassin. After intense training, she starts a career as a killer, where she struggles to balance her work with her personal life. She shows talent at this and her career progresses until a mission in an embassy goes awry.

Nikita was commercially successful, but received mixed reviews from critics. It was remade as Black Cat (1991) in Hong Kong, Point of No Return (1993) in Hollywood, and in Bollywood as Kartoos (1999). Two English-language television series were produced based on the film, La Femme Nikita (1997–2001) and Nikita (2010–2013).

Plot
Nikita is a nihilistic teenage junkie who commits her life to anarchy, drugs and violence. One night, she participates in the robbery of a pharmacy owned by a friend's parents. The robbery erupts into a gunfight with local police, and her accomplices are killed. Suffering severe withdrawal symptoms, she murders a police officer. Nikita is arrested, tried, and convicted of murder, and is sentenced to life in prison.

In prison, government officials fake her death, making it appear that she has committed suicide, and remove her from prison. She awakens in a nondescript room, where a well-dressed, hard-looking man named Bob tells her that, although officially dead and buried, she is in the custody of a shadowy government agency known as "the Centre" (possibly part of the DGSE). She is given the choice of becoming an assassin, or of occupying "row 8, plot 30", her fake grave. After some resistance, she chooses the former and gradually proves to be a talented killer. She is taught computer skills, martial arts, and firearms. One of her trainers, Amande, transforms her from a degenerate drug addict to a beautiful femme fatale. Amande implies that she also was rescued and trained by the Centre.

Nikita's initial mission, killing a foreign diplomat in a crowded restaurant and escaping from his well-armed bodyguards to the Centre, doubles as the final test in her training. She graduates and begins life as a sleeper agent in Paris (under the name Marie). After meeting Marco in a supermarket, the two develop an intimate relationship, although he knows nothing of her real work. Marco is curious about her past and why she has no family or other friends. Nikita invites Bob to dinner as "Uncle Bob". He tells stories about "Marie"'s imaginary childhood and gives the couple tickets for a trip to Venice, purportedly as an engagement gift.

Nikita and Marco go on the trip. As they prepare to make love after arrival, the phone rings. She thinks it's the room service they just ordered, but it is instructions for her next job. Her room is perfectly located for her to shoot the target. She goes to the bathroom, supposedly to take a bath, and as she prepares the rifle, Marco tries to talk to her through the door. The instructions about her target take longer than expected and she can't answer him. She finally shoots her target but barely conceals the rifle before Marco walks in, against her wishes. Nikita is distraught that her work has caused them difficulties.

Still, her career as an assassin goes well until a document-theft mission in an embassy goes awry. Back in Paris, the Centre sends in Victor "The Cleaner", a ruthless operative, to salvage the mission and destroy all the evidence of the foul-up. When another operative is killed by Victor, Nikita is assigned to take his place. They nearly complete the mission before it goes bad. Victor takes on a bunch of guards before being fatally wounded, but drives Nikita to safety before succumbing to his wounds.

Marco reveals that he has discovered Nikita's secret life, and, concerned over how her activities are affecting her psychologically, persuades her to disappear. Upon discovering that she abandoned the Centre, Bob goes to their apartment and meets with Marco. When Bob says that Nikita is at risk because she still has the documents taken from the embassy, Marco hands them over. The two men agree that they will both miss Nikita.

Cast

 * Anne Parillaud as Nikita
 * Jean-Hugues Anglade as Marco
 * Tchéky Karyo as Bob
 * Jeanne Moreau as Amande
 * Jean Reno as Victor "The Cleaner"
 * Jacques Boudet as The Chemist
 * Philippe Leroy as Grossman
 * Jean Bouise as embassy attaché

(As this was Bouise's last film and he had starred in previous films by this director, Besson dedicated La Femme Nikita to him.)

Production
Based on the success of Le Grand Bleu, Gaumont agreed to finance Nikita without having seen a script. Nikita cost 39 million francs to make, and was a co-production between Besson's company Les Films du Loup, Gaumont, and Cecchi Gori Group Tiger Cinematographica.

Release
Nikita premiered in Paris at the Grand Rex on 21 February 1990. On its first week in Paris, the film had 113,900 spectators. By the year 2000, the film had 828,867 spectators in Paris.

Following the premiere, the film was distributed to 15 towns in France, with Besson to promote it and have discussions with audiences after the screenings. Other cast and crew members on the tour included Éric Serra, Anne Parillaud, Jean-Hugues Anglade and occasionally Tchéky Karyo. The film had 3,787,845 spectators in France by 2000. It was the fourth highest-grossing film in France for 1990, but was not as popular as Besson's previous film The Big Blue (1988).

After Nikita's release in France, it was released in over 95 countries. Gaumont handled the sales of distribution rights separately; distribution rights were sold to Columbia Pictures and the remake rights were sold to Warner Bros. Nikita was shown in Montreal, Canada in 1990. The film was very popular in Montreal, where distributor Didier Farre noted that the film was beaten only by Bird on a Wire and Back to the Future Part III in June 1990. In Britain, the film became the highest weekly box office ever for a French film, and it was also popular in the box office in Italy and Japan.

It was released in the United States in 1991. The film had a six-month theatrical run in the United States where it reached an audience of 1.15 million. By the end of the year, the film was the third highest-grossing French film production in the United States. Besson thought that the film was inappropriately promoted in the United States, saying that "Nikita is an action film but was released in American art houses. The Big Blue has the same problem, released in the United States as an intellectual work, and attracting the wrong audience."

Reception
In France, the popular press reception to the film was mixed. Monthly film journals were more favourable, while the more serious journals were predominantly negative. Reviews from Le Nouvel Observateur, Libération, Le Figaro and Le Journal du Dimanche gave the film positive reviews, where they all appreciated Besson's film noir styled film and were surprised at Parillaud's acting in a demanding role. In contrast, the film was dismissed in reviews from L'Humanité, L'événement du jeudi, Le Monde, Le Parisien, and La Croix, who found the film resembled a commercial advertisement visually and psychologically had the depth of a comic strip.

Speaking of the film's critical reception in France, Besson noted he would not talk to the press, saying that he would want to "count on them to help me, to help me evaluate my own work". He said that "critics should be looking towards the future, but in France, all they want to talk about is the past."

Besson further said:

"I don't have much belief in the sincerity of critics, I believe in the sincerity of someone who goes to a film, pays his ticket and comes out saying what he thinks because he has nothing to gain by doing so. The critics defend an ideology, their age, their profession, a lot of things that don't interest me."

Paris critic Marc Esposito of Studio responded to Besson's statements, describing Besson as someone who "thinks he's a nice guy, and everyone around him is evil. We are all guilty of not adoring Luc Besson."

The film received mixed reviews outside France. On Metacritic, the overall score from 14 critics is 56 out of 100, indicating "mixed or average reviews". However, on Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 48 reviews. The site's consensus states: "A zany out-of-control thriller that gives lead Anne Parillaud a big character arc and plenty of emotional room to work in". A number of critics, including Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert, positively reviewed the film.

Accolades
The film was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Parillaud won the César Award for Best Actress and the David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Actress in 1991. Marc Duret was nominated for a César Award for Most Promising Actor for his portrayal of Rico.

Aftermath and influence
When asked about a follow-up to Nikita, Anne Parillaud said that she was not interested in a sequel. She said: "If the film was a failure, would you have had anything more to say about her? No. Of course not."

Remake
La Femme Nikita was remade in Hong Kong as the action film Black Cat directed by Stephen Shin in 1991.

It was remade in Hollywood as Point of No Return by John Badham in 1993. This was part of a trend in the late 1980s and early 1990s for Hollywood to remake French films. Daily Variety noted that between 1987 and 1993, Hollywood remade seventeen contemporary French films, which had been released in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. The remakes were generally initiated by the French films and, given the size of the American market, often make more money for their directors as American adaptations than they do as original films in France.

TV series
A Canadian TV series based on the film, titled La Femme Nikita, premiered in 1997. It was produced in Canada by Fireworks Entertainment. The developer Joel Surnow, who described himself as "devotee of Besson's film", has repeatedly said in interviews that the series is modelled explicitly after Besson's film and not the American remake. He said that he had never seen Point of No Return.

The premiere episode of the series borrows scenes from Besson's film, with Variety noting that it was a scene-by-scene re-creation of the kitchen restaurant scene. Several lead roles in the series parallel those of the film: Roy Dupuis plays Nikita's trainer Michael, who was called Bob in Besson's film, and Alberta Watson is Madeline, who is similar to the character played by Jeanne Moreau in Besson's film.

In 2010, The CW picked up a new series, Nikita, with Maggie Q as a Nikita who has gone rogue.

Influences
Other films that La Femme Nikita has influenced include The Villainess (2017), a South Korean film.

title: La Femme Nikita (film)


text:
Talk:Scene (BDSM)

Other meaning?
Doesn't "scene" also refer to the social aspects of the BDSM lifestyle? Meaning, going to themed clubs to meet people, etc. --zandperl 03:23, 30 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Archiving
I set up archiving on this talk page due to some very outdated comments.  jj137  (talk)  02:22, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scene (BDSM)


text:
Computer science (disambiguation)

Computer Science and Computer Sciences can refer to:
 * The general field of computer science
 * Computer Sciences Corporation, the predecessor of DXC Technology
 * Computer Science (journal), a peer-reviewed scientific journal
 * Computer Science (UIL), an academic event in Texas

title: Computer science (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Michael Howard

Birth Name and Nationality
I'd like to know more about his background -- basically, how posh was his upbriging? If his family were so poor, how did he end up at Peterhouse, one of the poshest Cambridge colleges? And cambridge tory students are also very posh and their circles are difficult to infiltrate?

 * I must own up to having been at Peterhouse, despite coming from a fairly bad comprehensive. It is posh (the college, that is), but not that posh. My answer to your question would be: a combination of talent and hard work. Matve 10:40, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

There is something called upward mobility. At severe risk of name-dropping, I know his son and can tell you that his father always instilled into him the value of working one's way up from poor immigrant to successful businessman. Hardly a crime - if it was my dad would also be at risk of arrest since he went from a small terraced house in Bolton to being a director of Taylor Woodrow! Crowqueen 02:27, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

I find the English obsession with "posh" distasteful, and in this case irrelevant. Howard was one of the generation who benefitted from free education. In fact grants then were more generous than they are now, and you got them whether you went to Cambridge or any other university. In addition, from what I have read, by dint of hard work and financial acumenn, his family had become successful shopkeepers and were not poor. Millbanks (talk) 22:14, 1 June 2008 (UTC) Two points/one..Its rather frightening that people writing here have no idea of the generosity of higher education grants from the end of the war through until relatively recently.Lack of money prevented no one from the finest university education.Its part of what was called socialism but thats a word that people need a dictionary to understand these days.Second..since theres a lot here about his Romanian father,what abouit his mother...Her name Kershion doesnt sound welsh but perhaps I am merely ignorant..

Is Howard his birth name? Just wondering if his Romanian Jewish father had the name of Howard. RickK 01:28 11 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * That's a good question. His father's surname was originally Hecht. I had assumed that the change was made before Michael was born, but a Google search turns up this page, which says he was born Michael Hecht. I'm not sure this is a very reliable source, however. --Zundark 15:01, 31 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Hmm. While one expects the Telegraph to be OK, most of the other hits I get on this are either far-right BNP-type sites, or radical Islam sites, both complaining about "the evil Jewish conspiracy", etc. If Michael Hecht was his birth name, you might expect more reputable hits... Evercat 15:17, 31 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * That article also says his family is Lithuanian, not Romanian - which is it? (I am also reminded of Lord Stockton's jibe about the Thatcher Cabinet containing more Estonians than Etonians.) Adam 15:19, 31 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Bah, can't trust even the broadsheets. :-) from the Guardian says Romania, and says "The family name of Hecht was anglicised to Howard" though doesn't clearly say whether that means Michael was born Howard or Hecht. Probably not worth worrying about... Evercat 15:32, 31 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * The BBC seems to stick with Transylvanian (and hence Romanian) on each mention - which seems to help the comedian's "he's a vampire" thesis (assisted by the "of the night" quote, naturally) -- Finlay McWalter 18:36, 1 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I was just going to ask this same question as to whther he was born Howard or Hecht. Anyway I've put in the original family name in a way that leaves it ambiguous. Mintguy 09:38, 1 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Just want to add my two bobs worth, some inside knowledge if you like, being born and bred in llanelli, I was informed when they moved to Llanelli they moved to an area adjacent to Park Howard ( a local Green area with small museum, and place where the eisteddfod once was) this Park was named in Honour of the famous Howard Family who were wealthy landowners and one of the families who opened Llanelli up to the industrial revolution. the first mayor of llanelli was indeed "Sir Stafford Howard", so my point is, when his family moved here, they took the name Howard to mimic this family and its rich origins. Only coming from llanelli could one know this to be correct ;o) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.55.55.39 (talk) 11:14, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

According to Rulers he was born Hecht. And according to Have I Got News For You, and Radio 5.

Alun Ephraim 10:55, 1 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Found a more accurate link (which actually works), HTH Phil 15:09, Nov 11, 2003 (UTC)

As I said I know his son so I will get both of them to comment on here! Crowqueen 02:26, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

Birth name "Michael Hecht". Registry of Births Jul-Sept 1941 Volume 11a Page 1839. Tigerboy1966 (talk) 08:25, 28 January 2010 (UTC)

I think it looks a little anachronistic to describe Sandra Paul as a super-model. She worked as a model in the 1960s. Did celebrity escalation set in so early in that sector? I will change this to 1960s model if no one objects. -- Alan Peakall 17:54, 13 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * There were famous, even celebrity, models long before the term "supermodel". Twiggy and Jean Shrimpton spring to mind. But "supermodel" does sound anachronistic in this context.  Perhaps "noted model", "famous model", or "successful model"? -- Finlay McWalter 18:06, 13 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Go for it, doesn't bother me. "Supermodel" was merely the term used in the various news reports I read. Phil 08:56, Nov 14, 2003 (UTC)

"The comment was taken as a bitchy reference to his dour demeanour, which she was implying was sinister and almost Dracula-like, as well as linking in to his Romanian ancestry." (my emphasis)

I might be crazy, but isn't it rather in bad taste to refer to a statement made by a member of the British government regarding a member of the Cabinet as "bitchy"? Barring that, it seems rather blatantly POV, which is not at all acceptable for a man who may end up being asked to kiss hands in a year or two. Wally 19:27, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)

He was definitely dour in the Home Office, but by the time we met in 1999 he had rather livened up again. If you are being knocked around in the liberal media, wouldn't you end up lacking a sense of humour? Anyway bitchy is still the wrong word, it was - I believe from other sources - a way of actually ameliorating something worse that someone was about to make up about him to gain maximum publicity after the election and to really scupper his leadership chances for good. As it was he was able to prove himself in opposition by 2003 and lead the party to make substantial gains, and campaigning with him in 2005 I was able to see that he had maintained his 1999 sense of humour. Crowqueen 14:06, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

Is it right to describe Paxman's questioning on Newsnight as a 'filler' to extend the interview? A video of the interview can be found here. The interview continues for about 2 minutes after Paxman gave up this line of questioning. Was he really filling time? Mintguy (T) 10:07, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The next item wasnt ready, and the producer was telling Paxman to fill in time... I had thought this had been discussed somewhere, though I must admit I now cant find the link. Iainscott 10:31, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * There is a film somewhere showing a rerun with Howard effectively interviewing Paxman made about two-and-a-half years later for the 20th anniversary. It was up on the BBC website until, presumably, the 25th anniversary programme was made in late 2004 (I last watched it in early 2004), and I remember it being said in it that Paxman won an award for the interview and admitted to it being prolonged because the technicians were fumbling about for the next item. Though it was rather a coincidence nonetheless. The film gives us an insight into his temperament as well, it is a hoot to watch but sadly it seems to have gone the way of similar footage about him on the On This Day part of the website which I also looked at in early 2004. Crowqueen 14:06, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

I've checked footage of that interview, and it is 14 times!

Moved here from article:

 * Howard's non-standard pronunciation of the word people, concluding on a 'Dark L', adds depth to the caricature for students of phonetics. Many also find humor in his unique pronunciation of certain words, such as "skeyuill", for school, and "incredibull", for incredible.

I'm not sure where this can really fit in... Evercat 18:19, 28 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * NB - Howard does not use a 'dark L' in 'people' - this is a 'clear L', as in most South Walian accents. The 'dark L' is used by the majority of Brits (and Americans, and others...) in this position. It's his exaggerated 'clear L' in what many people would otherwise consider to be a rather 'posh' accent that has such an impact, I think. Matve 10:40, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Quotations
I like to have the odd quotation in a biog, but I know if I put this in by itself it will be regarded as POV. So, I'll rest it here, and then when there's a range of quotes maybe it will make it in (crosses fingers).--[[User:Bodnotbod| bodnotbod »  .....TALK Q uietly  )  ]] 18:20, Aug 31, 2004 (UTC)

 * "[The poll tax] was a bold and brave experiment but it didn't work, it was a mistake, I've apologised for it before and I'm happy to do so again." - BBC - December 2003

It's a true quote, but it is from a biased source. In my own political research, time and again during the 2005 election I was able to prove that the BBC purposely spun its election coverage to belittle or ignore the Tory support on the ground. For example the Sunday before the election, I observed two papers come out wholeheartedly for the Conservative Party (The Sunday Express and the Sunday Telegraph) and two more advocating a Conservative protest vote in order to strengthen the opposition to the Labour Government in the House of Commons (The Mail on Sunday and The Sunday Times). However the BBC discussion of the papers deliberately stated that there were no Sunday papers which came out for the Tories however lukewarm their support: a palpable untruth and one which destroyed my faith in anything put out by what is essentially a state television channel with no revenue that is not sourced directly or indirectly from the government. Therefore I would not consider BBC quotes to be a reliable source of information. The quote could have been taken out of the general context of the article: Margaret Thatcher did say, for example, "There is no such thing as society". However the extended version of the quotation is "There is no such thing as society, merely a collection of individuals and their families." The bias is in how the quote is reported, not in the actual quote itself. As a junior minister Howard was indeed involved in setting up the poll tax, or more accurately the Community Charge. However a junior minister is necessarily responsible only for administrating and enacting legislation, not responsible for policy (as Howard claimed later, quite rightly, the other way round when he was challenged over the sacking of Derek Lewis and ministerial responsibility for the Prison Service). As a Cabinet minister at the Department of the Environment, Howard put together the Council Tax, replacing the flat-rate Community Charge with one based on a sliding scale dependent on the value of the payee's home. Therefore the actual quote could be taken to mean that Howard is apologising for the mistake but rectifying it when he gained responsibility for policy rather than operations. Unfortunately politics today is reported in soundbites and there are very few attempts particularly in modern broadcasting and print media to look at the finer details in government operations. Crowqueen 21:48, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

"Jewish faith"?
The article says "given Howard's Jewish faith". I don't believe its shown here (or elsewhere, for that matter) that Howard is of the Jewish faith (indeed, I can't find any mention of his religion, if he has one). Perhaps this should read instead "given Howard's Jewish ancestry". - John Fader

Howard is a member of St. Johns Wood, a liberal synagogue in London.

I met him and his son in 1999 at a party in London while I was a student. I talked long and hard with his son (to my regret I was far too starstruck to talk to Howard himself, except the usual pleasantries, who I admire as a sort of political mentor) as I was going through a spiritual crisis myself and wanted to convert to Judaism given that I could accept a belief in God but not in Christ's absolute infallibility, and the exclusive nature of fundamentalist Christianity at the university CU was getting me into a panic that I would have to toe that line. I can indeed confirm that Howard is Jewish and raised his son in the Reform tradition, but his son "completed" his faith by converting to Christianity at Eton. I actually stayed in touch with Nicholas Howard for a while after and can explain that the UFO incident was not actually a UFO but a false alarm. Crowqueen 11:50, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

18 percent

 * Crime fell by an unprecedented 18% during his term as Home Secretary and when he left office nearly a million fewer crimes were being committed than four years previously

I see this was added and reverted. So is it true or not? :-) Evercat 18:31, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I have my doubts, but I hit the rollback button by accident when I just meant to comment it out and question whether there were any sources for this! I note that the anon IP who put it in has no other contributions to Wikipedia on record. -- Arwel 18:39, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)

http://www.michaelhowardmp.com/biog.htm for conformation. I've never seen the claim disputed.

He should know the facts and figures. It is a shame he has to perpetuate the myth about his own career but doubtless sooner or later he will be able to correct it. I suspect even he has to spin his own biog at the behest of party hacks. Records indicate that he remained at the DTI from 1985 until he was made Secretary of State for Employment, but sadly neither the Conservative Party itself nor the BBC can be bothered to check Hansard. Crowqueen 21:52, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Lynton Crosby outrage
I just found out that Lynton Crosby the former director of the Liberal Party in Australia is running the campaign for the Conservative Party in the upcoming general election. Why on earth did Michael Howard allow him on board because I don't think voters appreciate a foreigner telling them how they should vote. Mind your own business Crosby. In fact if you are so keen to get yourself involve in the campaign why don't you help out the Liberal Democrats instead, after all they almost have the same name as your party.

Go home Crosby!!!

 * Hmmm, you sound like one of the rabid Bush supporters who responded to the Guardian's letter-writing campaign with such unexpected venom last year. I'm not sure why it bothers you that a foreigner might encourage you to vote a certain way—you don't actually have to do what he says. What I find more distasteful about foreigners and the Conservative Party is that Michael Howard seems to think it perfectly reasonable to advocate an asylum policy that would have resulted in the death of his own father in a gas chamber had it been implemented at the time of his immigration to the UK. Worry about that instead.

 * What a ridiculous argument, the reasons for a decision taken around 60 years ago in a period of severe national strife bears little relation to the Britain of today. You could also ask why Tony Blair clings onto the unrealistic notion that 157,000 imigrants a year is a workable intake, with all the associated burdens it brings in terms of services and health care etc. Extra economic output will only break even in the cost benefit analysis, meanwhile people smugglers get fat and rich off the misery of others. I'd worry about that.

"Hmmm, you sound like one of the rabid Bush supporters who responded to the Guardian's letter-writing campaign with such unexpected venom last year." I am not a Bush supporter and I do not know what you are talking about.

"I'm not sure why it bothers you that a foreigner might encourage you to vote a certain way' You obviously haven't heard the outcry over Bush interfering with Australian politics.

"I'm not sure why it bothers you that a foreigner might encourage you to vote a certain way'" You obviously have never heard of the Prime Directive.

Asylum Seeker vs Economic migrant
This article states that his father was an asylum seeker, yet other sources, including Michael Howard himself state that he was an economic migrant, which is true? -- Joolz 18:37, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe that his father officially entered the United Kingdom as an asylum seeker, possibly having lied on his application, but in truth his reasons for coming were economic. Any criticism of Howard for his policies towards asylum seekers when his father was one is misplaced. The world has changed much in the last sixty odd years, and comparison is difficult.
 * M - From What i've heard from various sources so please dont ask me to name any, because i couldn't if i wanted to is that his father came here as something to do with the printing business originally, hence he'd be a migrant rather than a refugee ? Has anyone else hear this ?
 * We need to cite our sources, either way. Barring something reliable, we should say "immigrant" and leave it at that.  -- John Fader (talk | contribs) 21:11, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

 * If you go to this page father http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/frontpage/4494597.stm# go to 29 mins 20 second into the leaders special and Mr Howard says 'my father came to this country as an Economic migrant' that seems like good enough proof for him being an Economic migrant not an Asylum Seeker.
 * Howard's father was obviously fleeing persecution to some extent, but he came as an "economic migrant" not as an ayslum seeker, he gained entry on the grounds that he had a job offer as a cantor at a synagogue, of which there were a shortage in the UK. The confusion is because of Howard's grandfather, Maurice Hecht. On Bernard Hecht's application for residence he claimed that his own father Maurice was dead. In fact Maurice Hecht was alive and well and living in the UK. Michael Howard has said that he guesses that the reason his father (Bernard) lied about his father (Maurice) might have been because Maurice was living in the UK illegally. The information is in Bernard Crick's bigraphy of Howard, referenced online in an Independent article here (as well as elsewhere) http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20050213/ai_n9532752 Howard was also born in Gorseinon, not Llanelli. He was brought up in Llanelli.

Hoaxer
I've contacted Michael Howard's office, who confirm that Owlperson is a hoaxer. I've indef blocked User:Owlperson and User:Crowqueen. Tyrenius 13:33, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I've reverted back, keeping an anon edit and only removing those of crow, owl and myself. Good edits can be restored but best to start as if this hadnt happened, SqueakBox 21:12, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

PC Suffix
I have removed the PC suffix as techincally it is not used for a 'commoner'. Membership of the Privy Council being signified by the prefix Right Honourable (Rt Hon). Members of the nobility who hold Privy Council Membership signify membership by using the suffix PC rather than the prefix Rt Hon, although using both in this context is acceptable. For more information refer to most editions of Whitaker's Almanac. Tgsh2005 30 June 2005 22:27 (UTC)

This article needs a photo
Dovea 19:11, 15 December 2006 (UTC)
 * done, only 2 years late... -- Lemming64 16:53, 23 November 2008 (UTC)

THE UFO INCIDENT?
I know this isnt political but should some info be included on the UFO incident which took place at Howrds house in the 1990's? Supposedly the fire service was called out and firemen "observed" something above the Howards house.--Redblossom 21:54, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Questioning relationship with John Howard, former Australian PM
The article currently claims Michael Howard as a second cousin of John Howard. But John Howard's family have, according to Wikipedia, borne that surname for multiple generations, while Michael Howard's parents adopted it within his lifetime. Is someone pulling our legs on this? Nandt1 (talk) 23:57, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

Further review shows that the user who added the original claim has been perpetrating repeated acts of vandalism in multiple Wikipedia articles, and I have now deleted the claim. Nandt1 (talk) 00:07, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

Welsh or British
User Daicaregos tells me that under some sort of Wiki convention, Neil Kinnock is Welsh not British, so to be consistent I've chaned Michael Howard's nationality to Welsh. Ausseagull (talk) 16:47, 17 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Can you provide a link to the where the convention has been agreed? Depending on how it is phrased it is going to have a major impact on how we handle articles about British politicians. For example, is John Prescott Welsh now? Road Wizard (talk) 18:45, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

I enjoy and use wiki frequenty it is why admarabe except for one thing..its obssession for ceaselessly trying to break up or destroy any sense of Britishness.Here is a tiny entity called the British isles.Whereas a huge country like America hammers American nationalidsm into every citizen,in Britain every tiny group tries to ceaselessly stick its head upfor attention..Why..Were does this sense of inferiority come from...In my seventyfive years I have never heard anone trying to put dow the welsh or scots etc..And once you get into this game it doesnt stop..Is Howard Welshyou ask ...Ah but is he NORTH welsh or SOUTHERN welsh..theres a big difference just as those people pressing insanely for Cornish independence would soon find a civil war on there hands between the north and south cornish...What one wonders do the the Chinese IndiansTurks etc let alone the Americans think of this childish puerile nonsense.One can read thousands of words about Olivier Newton Johns nationality in wiki.It really is time for Wikis obssessional British hatred thing to be dealt with clearly...It is for example most offensive to call someone like Prescott orKinnock who have worked ceaselessly for the British nation and people welsh.Whatever strange groups are doing this it should be stopped and clear new rules drawn up.It demeans the entirew wiki project
 * The current position is outlined here. Nationality_of_people_from_the_United_Kingdom However this is not a policy, there was no consensus on this matter and many of us want it sorted out. There is no right or wrong answer, What ever seems more suitable should be used. So in the case of a football player who plays for Wales, use Welsh. However Michael Howard is known for being a leader of a British party and until this moment i never even knew he was Welsh. We should state where he was born, but he should be considered and described as British. BritishWatcher (talk) 19:20, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

Ya'll know my views on this topic. Therefore, I won't repeat them. GoodDay (talk) 19:32, 17 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I have consistently referred Ausseagull to WP:UKNATIONALS, which includes the sub-subsection Do not enforce uniformity. My response also included the advice "As a general rule it is best to discuss proposed changes to nationality on the talk pages first." I had assumed that achieving consensus to change prior to making any changes, was implicit. I agree that Michael Howard's nationality should be noted as British. I have never heard of him self-identify as anything else. Daicaregos (talk) 20:42, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Have you ever heard him self-identify as British? A few sourced examples might help? Has he self-identified as Jewish? Ausseagull (talk) 22:05, 17 November 2009 (UTC)
 * PS I've just checked and Leo Abse is referred to as Welsh, not British. Ausseagull (talk) 22:08, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

And Abse's friend George Thomas, Lord Tonypandy, is referred to as British! Ausseagull (talk) 22:16, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

Expenses Scandal
Quite a few other MPs caught up in the expenses scandal in 2009 have a section or prominent mention - odd that this article doesn't. This is quite well known now, so perhaps deserves mention - as does his response to the Telegraph claims.

Michael Howard claimed expenses to pay £44,000 to Conservatives

Michael Howard claims £17,000 for gardening expenses

Michael Howard rejects claims on expenses

Sentence Fragment
I removed "released in 2005 under the Freedom of Information Act failed to corroborate this last quote." from the end of the paragraph about the "Did you threaten to overrule Derek Lewis" interview. Seems to be a bit 'meta' and perhaps intended as an invisible comment? --81.23.54.142 (talk) 22:06, 30 May 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Michael Howard. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070715211310/http://www.diligencellc.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=document.home&id=6&object=39 to http://www.diligencellc.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=document.home&id=6&object=39

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 04:30, 30 August 2015 (UTC)

Wrong Michael Howard
The Controversies section references potentially racist remarks about the Anglo-Boer War. These comments are currently also attributed to a different Michael Howard - Michael Howard (historian). Not sure how to verify which one it was but I doubt that both Michael Howards appeared on the same edition of Newsnight and said the same thing.

2.96.83.150 (talk) 18:26, 29 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Special:Contributions/105.227.223.141 added it to both articles. It is made very clear that it's the other Howard, in ISBN 0956853307. -- zzuuzz (talk) 18:37, 29 September 2015 (UTC)

Somali business interests
Greetings. We both want this article to be fair. I added the Times reference to the Somali business interests bit + an internal link & thought at the time it was accurate. I'll check it again in a few days but the Times is a valid UK wp:Suggested sources which unlike WSJ is a source many UK editors use. The Daily Mail is a dodgy tabloid, most recently in disgrace just last week -see Nigel Farage's car tampering. Feel free to comment, otherwise I'll update in a few days. Regards JRPG (talk) 14:21, 11 January 2016 (UTC)

@JRPG Greetings. I agree that we are both looking to make the article as accurate as possible. The internal Wikipedia article that was linked on Corruption in Somalia contained out of date information, apparently based on a Financial Times article behind a paywall. The contract with British Soma Oil and Gas firm was not cancelled by the Somali Government (as a quick reference to the company website will show). Regarding the Times article about corruption and paying the lawyers fees for the Somali Government, it seems that that information would be much more appropriate in the internal page on Corruption in Somalia. That page is in great need of updating. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bchilds (talk • contribs) 21:53, 17 January 2016 (UTC)

FrontPage Magazine and blood libel
I'm removing the controversy re blood libel because the US source is not one of the WP:Suggested sources. It has so seriously misunderstood the context that it's in danger of having any UK readers convulsed in fits of laughter -and yet it purports to believe it is discussing a very serious issue. I didn't like Ann Widecombe's totally unfair personal comments re "something of the night about Howard" but to a UK audience, it raised thoughts about Dracula -which is exactly what the Guardian portrayed. Few have heard of blood libel let alone associated it with Howard. JRPG (talk) 16:32, 20 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Michael Howard. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050607081051/https://www.conservatives.com/michaelhoward/ to http://www.conservatives.com/michaelhoward/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:06, 2 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Michael Howard. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130609004425/http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/browse/h/537/Michael+HOWARD.aspx to http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/browse/h/537/Michael+HOWARD.aspx

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:08, 7 December 2017 (UTC)

Years
The first paragraph of this article says that he served as Secretary of State for Employment and Secretary of State for the Environment and Home Secretary, but it could put in the years in which Michael Howard served these posts. Vorbee (talk) 08:26, 7 August 2018 (UTC)

Primary topic?
Looking at Michael Howard (disambiguation), two questions: I might WP:BOLDly move the article at some point if no-one objects. Carcharoth (talk) 02:26, 20 September 2019 (UTC)
 * (1) Is this article the WP:PRIMARY TOPIC (when this Michael Howard was a prominent politician, I would have said yes, but he has not been in front-line politics for a while now).
 * (2) Since his elevation to the peerage, should the article not be moved to Michael Howard, Baron Howard of Lympne?

 * I object to a bold move. Howard may not longer be a party leader or MP but is still fairly prominent and notability doesn't automatically collapse upon leaving office. You'd need to show that he is no longer the overwhelming use of "Michael Howard". Timrollpickering (Talk) 12:56, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

 * I'm no expert, but my answers would be:
 * (1) No, as per WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, because I doubt he's, "... more likely than all the other topics combined — to be the topic sought when a reader searches for that term", given there's 15 others of the same name on the disambiguation page (but admittedly I haven't done the number crunching as suggested by WP:DETERMINEPRIMARY ); and
 * (1) Yes, let it stay the primary topic for now. Having tinkered with some pageview analytics |Michael_Howard_(footballer,_born_1978)|Michael_Howard_(comedian)|Michael_Howard_Studios|Michael_Howard_(Australian_footballer)|Michael_Howard|Michael_Howard_(musician)|Michael_Howard_(American_actor)|Michael_Howard_(filmmaker)|Mike_Howard here and |Michael_Howard_(footballer,_born_1999)|Michael_Howard_(Irish_politician)|Michael_Howard_(historian)|Michael_Howard,_21st_Earl_of_Suffolk|Michael_Howard_(Microsoft)|Michael_Howard_(Luciferian)|Michael_Howard_(American_politician) here, I realise I spoke too soon; and
 * (2) Yes, as per WP:NCBRITPEER, "peers or life peers, usually have their articles titled "Personal name, Ordinal (if appropriate) Peerage title", e.g. Alun Gwynne Jones, Baron Chalfont"". Meticulo (talk) 13:18, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

So move the article per WP:NCBRITPEER, and leave Michael Howard as a redirect to the new title, rather than to the disambiguation page, leaving hatnote the same as before? Carcharoth (talk) 14:36, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Does "Peers who are almost exclusively known by their personal names" apply here? Carcharoth (talk) 14:37, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I don't know, sorry. I don't live in the UK, and although I listen to BBC Radio a bit, I'm really not in the best position to judge in what way the news media commonly refers to politicians there. I did call up several articles for life peers listed in the table at Members of the House of Lords and noticed some had peerages included in the page title, while others didn't. Maybe try posting a query on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Politics of the United Kingdom pointing to this dicussion? Meticulo (talk) 15:07, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * A Brit writes: UK media tend to refer to politicians by the name they were known by when they were most active. E.g. Michael Heseltine was in the news this week under that name, not as Baron Heseltine or Lord Heseltine. Clement Attlee (died 1967) and Anthony Eden (died 1977) are still generally referred to by those names, not as Earl Attlee or Earl of Avon. Alec Douglas-Home is still generally known by that name: he made a career as a politician under it; became (hereditary) 14th Earl of Home when his father died; renounced his title; and after retiring from active politics, was made (life peer) Baron Home. ('Home' pronounced like 'Hume'; wonderful thing, English – or, in this case, Scottish – spelling.)
 * As an exception, Margaret Thatcher in her later years was often referred to as Lady Thatcher. I've also seen Heseltine referred to as Lord Heseltine. There's no hard and fast rule.
 * In contrast, lawyers and judges who are peers are referred to by their title, rarely by their given name. For example, one of the lawyers who argued the Brexit case in the Supreme Court last week was referred to in the media as Lord Pannick; not as David Pannick or Baron Pannick.
 * Titles of peerage are very good disambiguators; but if there's no-one else of the same name, IMO there's no real need to include them in our article titles. Narky Blert (talk) 18:59, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you for that. Which article title would you use for this article (about the politician)? Carcharoth (talk) 23:53, 21 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Because I was talking about media custom rather than Wikipedia policy, I didn't read BRITPEER before writing my essay. Now that I have read that guideline, it looks as if the editors who agreed on it were coming from much the same place as me, and I got policy right without knowing it:
 * 'Members of the British peerage, whether hereditary peers or life peers, usually have their articles titled "Personal name, Ordinal (if appropriate) Peerage title"'
 * BUT 'There are several exceptions to these rules.
 * 'Peers who are almost exclusively known by their personal names, e.g. Bertrand Russell (not "Bertrand Russell, 3rd Earl Russell")'
 * So, if the politician with "something of the night about him" is WP:PTOPIC, then the current situation is fine. Should he ever lose that status, I would suggest Michael Howard, Baron Howard of Lympne, with Michael Howard (British politician) as a redirect to it (there are two other politicos on the DAB page). We seem to use the fully-qualified title (i.e. "of Lympne"), even if that would rarely be used outside very formal contexts. See for example Bill Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank (who, it turns out, is WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT for both Bill and William Rodgers; I had to edit the hatnote). Narky Blert (talk) 03:23, 22 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The current situation is fine. This Michael Howard is the primary topic and is still overwhelmingly known by his name, not his title. -- Necrothesp (talk) 10:33, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Agree with Necrothesp. Bondegezou (talk) 08:09, 20 October 2019 (UTC)

Eight A levels?
Does this read correctly? Does he really have eight O and A levels? He obtained eight O-levels, and A-levels, gaining a place at Peterhouse at Cambridge University. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Indieshack (talk • contribs) 02:06, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
 * It is probably accurate, but could be phrased better. It means he obtained eight O-levels and an unspecified number of A-levels. It was typical for school students who aspired to attend university to have around eight O-levels, and typically three A-levels. However as this is unsourced I will remove it, particularly as it is barely noteworthy. Verbcatcher (talk) 13:56, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * It used to say "He obtained eight O-levels and his subsequent A-levels earned him a place at Peterhouse..." DuncanHill (talk) 14:11, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Michael Howard


text:
Talk:Hibberts Gore, Maine

What is a gore?
What is a gore? RickK 01:30 11 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * a triangular piece of land. -- Someone else 01:34 11 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Confidentiality
Removing data which is incorrect due to confidentiality requirements...see http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/doc/sf1.pdf page 8-3. I did a quick Google after seeing there had been a controversy, but my search found nothing other than this article about it. The link cited seems to suggest that information about single individuals is not possible, even in this case. -- Cafemusique 11:42, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * There is an article that someone archived about the town's resident. Given what's in that article, is it appropriate to include information about her on Wikipedia? --Idont Havaname 03:49, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Just because it's available online doesn't mean that it needs to be repeated here. The information on her mental disorder, marital problems and interest in moving are personal in nature and irrelevant to the description of city. However, since some people may be interested in the story, including a link seems a good compromise. Deadsalmon 00:25, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Administrator help - article title change
I have been trying to clear up the 'Hibberts' stuff. All the names possible were linked together to point to'Hibberts'. Wrong, there is no Hibberts, although the actual geographic designation, Hibberts Gore, may sometomes be called Hibberts - this a referral of that search term is reasonable. I did move 'Hibberts' to 'Hibberts Gore'. Fine as far as it went. But I cannot move the name to 'Hibberts Gore, Maine' because that article exists. It shouldn't. It exists only as a redirect of 'Hibberts' to 'Hibberts Gore, Maine'. Correct would be for 'Hibberts Gore, Maine' to be the new name of 'Hibberts Gore' and said redirect be fixed. I see no way that I can do this.

Next, Hibberts Corner. It is a wide place in the road, not the Gore, some 15 miles away. I entered it only to satisfy redirects in Wiki. It should be expunged, in all its ramifications.

Apologies for all the 'Hibbert'ing in this message, but it is a mixed up very negligable bit of Wiki, hardly worth bothering with, execpt for accuracy. And what I say is accurate, I live some 50 miles south of the Gore and have known of it all my life. The statement about geographic designation is correct, the Gore is how it is noted on maps of the state. --Dumarest 11:36, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello, please use Requested moves for requesting a move that cannot be done without admin help. Please also make sure you have Verifiable sources at hand to support the move. Cheers, Tangot a ngo 11:44, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I have done that. Now what? Wait? The removal page indicates a discussion of the purpose of the move on the talk page of the item being moved, but no such event[s] have happened. And the simple move does not expunge 'Hibberts Corner' which is a negligable item and may well not deserve Wiki presence. That is not a move but a deletion, not in my power. --Dumarest 16:14, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Hibberts Gore, Maine. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014.html
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fdecennial.html to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:32, 2 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hibberts Gore, Maine


text:
Ingrid Ylva

Ingrid Ylva of Bjelbo (born c. 1180s, died c. 1250–1255), was a Swedish noblewoman, the wife of Magnus Minnesköld of Bjälbo and the mother of regent Birger Jarl. The exact years of her birth and death are unclear; a traditional year quoted for her death is 26 October 1252; it is also considered, though, that this was the date of her burial, and that she had actually died in 1251.

Biography
According to Olaus Petri, she was the daughter of Sune Sik. She was married to Magnus Minnesköld of Bjelbo, possibly as his second wife. Several of his sons, born or raised by Ingrid Ylva, would come to hold positions of power when grown: Eskil became lawspeaker in Westrogothia, Karl and Bengt both became bishops of Linköping and Birger became Jarl of Sweden, and later had his son elected king.

As a widow, in c. 1208–1210, she most likely managed her estates in Bjälbo as the head of the family, due to her sons being minors. She attended the church from her favourite place in the church tower, to which she had once donated a bell; according to tradition, she often lived in this tower during insecure times. In 1234, her son Birger married Princess Ingeborg Eriksdotter of Sweden, and in 1250, he became regent and father of the king. It remains unclear if Ingrid Ylva was still alive at this point, though it is believed that she was. However, she does not seem to have played any part at the royal court, and probably preferred to stay within her estates. She is said to have married again, to an unnamed man with whom she had a son, Elof Vingad Pil, while other sources claim she remained unmarried.

Ingrid Ylva in legend
Ingrid Ylva is known in various legends, and possibly in her time, as a so-called white witch; she was said to be able to master magic, which she used for good purposes and for her family's good fortune. A lot of stories were told about her magical skills. One legend said that once, when Bjälbo was subjected to a surprise attack from the enemies of the family, Ingrid Ylva rushed to the top of the church tower, and, from there, she ripped open a pillow full of feathers which spread across the land and turned into knights in armour. These magical stories were far from slander: in the 13th century, the witch trials were hundreds of years in the future, magic was not illegal and the ability to master magic was considered a great and admirable skill; there was a clear separation between white and black magic; and not even black magic was yet connected to the Devil or punishable by death, as it would become later. Her name was widely known long before her son became regent, and her alleged magical skill was highly admired.

She was widely regarded for her ability to foretell the future. Legend claims, that on her deathbed she predicted that her line would succeed to the Swedish throne, as long as her head was held high. Legend says, that because of this, her son, the regent, buried her standing upright, inside the tower with which she had had such a close relationship

References and literature

 * Runeberg.org
 * Jan Guillou: "Häxornas försvarare" (Defender of the witches)
 * Christer Öhman: "Helgon, bönder och krigare. Berättelser ur den svenska historien" (Saints, peasants and warriors. Stories from the Swedish history) (1994)

title: Ingrid Ylva


text:
Talk:Linearity of integration

I find this page somewhat regrettable, because it treats integration as synonymous, or nearly so, with antidifferentiation, rather than letting results along those lines be results rather than definitions. If there were more hours in a day, I might work on this. Michael Hardy 01:35 11 Jul 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:Linearity of integration


text:
Detroit Lake

Detroit Lake is a reservoir impounded by the Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River 46 mi southeast of Salem, Oregon, United States. The lake is adjacent to Oregon Route 22 near the city of Detroit. This mesotrophic lake stores water for use by the city of Salem and other nearby communities.

History
Detroit Lake is situated over a historical road bed of the former Oregon Pacific Railroad. This route was built by Colonel T. Egenton Hogg as a proposed transcontinental railroad. Because of a lack of funding, the line terminated in Idanha, southeast of the lake. Idanha had rail service until the 1950s, when the track was removed for installation of the Detroit and Big Cliff reservoirs. Detroit Lake was created in 1953 after the completion of the dam. Part of the Willamette Valley Projects, the lake was intended primarily for flood control and power generation but has become one of the major recreation resources in western Oregon.

Details

The reservoir has a capacity of 455,000 acre.ft of water when full and 281,600 acre.ft in the summer when drawn down. Located in the North Santiam Canyon, the 9 mi long lake has shoreline of 32 mi when full. One swimming opportunity is at the Mongold Day-Use Area (an Oregon State Park). Detroit Lake is stocked by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife with 125,000 catchable rainbow trout along with fingerling rainbow, kokanee and chinook salmon. A self-sustaining population of brown bullhead catfish resides in the lake.

Detroit Lake offers year-round fishing in still water and not in or near the rivers and streams. It is one of 32 lakes federally designated for recreation, managed by the United States Forest Service. The lake serves many purposes including flood control, water conservation, and recreation.

There are many camping and recreation opportunities at Detroit Lake. In 2009, a new winter boat ramp was constructed, making it possible to launch a boat safely during the winter months when other ramps are on dry ground.

Water levels
The water level fluctuates with snow pack, precipitation, and the water consumption of Salem, and surrounding areas. At low pool, it has a surface elevation of 1450 ft; at the full pool season—typically May 1 to September 1—it can raise up 119 ft to a water elevation of 1569 ft.

In 2015 and 2016 low water levels in the reservoir impacted recreation, the operation of marinas and the economy in the Santiam Canyon.

title: Detroit Lake


text:
Tony

Tony may refer to:

People and fictional characters

 * Tony (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters
 * Gregory Tony (born 1978), American law enforcement officer
 * Motu Tony (born 1981), New Zealand international rugby league footballer
 * Tony (footballer, born 1983), full name Tony Heleno da Costa Pinho, Brazilian football defensive midfielder
 * Tony (footballer, born 1986), full name Antônio de Moura Carvalho, Brazilian football attacking midfielder
 * Tony (footballer, born 1989), full name Tony Ewerton Ramos da Silva, Brazilian football right-back

Film, theater and television

 * Tony Awards, a Broadway theatre honor
 * Tony (1982 film), an Indian Kannada-language film
 * Tony (2009 film), a British horror film directed by Gerard Johnson
 * Tony (2013 film), an Indian Kannada-language thriller film
 * "Tony" (Skins series 1), the first episode of British comedy-drama Skins
 * "Tony" (Skins series 2), episode six of the second series of Skins

Music

 * Tony T., stage name of British singer, rapper and DJ Neal Antone Dyer (born 1971)
 * Tony (album), a 1957 album by Tony Bennett
 * "T.O.N.Y. (Top of New York)", a 1997 single by Capone-N-Noreaga
 * "T.O.N.Y.", a 2008 song by Solange Knowles

Other uses

 * Kawasaki Ki-61, a Japanese World War II fighter aircraft code-named "Tony"
 * Tony, Wisconsin, a village in the United States

title: Tony


text:
Sune Sik

Sune Sik, (born c. 1154), was allegedly a Swedish prince. According to Olaus Petri, he would have been a younger son of King Sverker I of Sweden and father of Ingrid Ylva. In surviving contemporary documents one Sune Sik can be found who lived much later. That Sune Sik made a donation to Vreta Abbey as late as in 1297. He might have ordered a restoration of a chapel in which he eventually was interred, and later Cistercian tradition may then have turned him into a prince. This has caused some historians to view Olaus Petri's account of him as unreliable.

Sune Sik, as a son of King Sverker, is counted by other Swedish historians as a person of history and the man buried at Vreta (see photo). According to 18th-century Swedish Master of Philosophy Magnus Boræn, Sune was also Duke of Östergötland (at a time when the use of such a title is not known in Sweden ).

title: Sune Sik