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Talk:Kirkuk

Notable people from Kirkuk
The famous Iraqi-Arab poet Fadhi Al Azzawi grew up in Kirkuk.TheThirdBillyGoatGruff (talk) 22:37, 4 January 2011 (UTC)
 * There are many other Arab and Assyrian poets who born in Kirkuk.

I agree with you.Many other famous people from non-Kurdish ethnic background appear to be denied by biased authors of this article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 139.222.204.185 (talk) 00:27, 5 July 2016 (UTC)

Iraqi Turks' city
Wikipedia shouldn't be a place for political lies. This aricle is not objective when mentioning Iraqi Turks and their influence. There are at LEAST 2 million Iraqi Turks living in Kirkuk, and historically Kirkuk is no Kurdish city. see: http://kirkuk.us --Bunifa88 (talk) 00:05, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Agreeing after comparing different resources. --Berkaysnklf (talk) 21:25, 16 March, 2015 (UTC)

 * Are you kidding ? Turkmens are not natives in Iraq. Turkmens are come from central Asia to Iraq.  Selocan49 (talk) 12:45, 10 November 2015 (UTC)

What a smart idea, Selocan! Could you please elucidate us how long we should live in a place to be considered as its native? Are Kurds who were bone in Istanbul not native of Istanbul then? I agree with the top comment with a concern: cities, states, don't have ethnicity or religion, but the people.However, this modern fact isn't given a space by so-called Kurdish intellectuals of the Middle East. Eventually, the top comment is about denial of the Iraqi Turks. Simply no one can underestimate or reverse a fact because of their political whims. I agree with Bunifa88, the partisan (or biased) approach in promoting Kurdish existence of Kirkuk can be validated by checking the famous people from Kirkuk list. This should be changed and I will do so very soon. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 139.222.204.185 (talk) 00:12, 5 July 2016 (UTC)

 * There aren't even 2 m people in Kirkuk let alone 2 m Iraqi Turks. Jim Michael (talk) 13:22, 2 May 2020 (UTC)

Recent edits
This article has been getting a number of edits recently. Newcomers should look at Welcome, newcomers and the Manual of Style. We welcome new contributors, and hope they will take some time to familiarize themselves with our work to build an encyclopedia join us. One of our important policies is Neutral point of view, often called "NPOV" for short. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 17:54, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

TO ALL READERS All information in Wikipedia fabricated and does not worth to read .I think they get money from Kurdish group to change the facts.

Fake information about Kirkuk, wikipedia owners are kurds.

Robert Merkel how much you got paid by Kurds you look like a good puppy of kurds.

Mr merkel i am very sorry, for this turkmens insulting remarks but then what can you expect from a descendent of the savage holako (a illegitiamte grandson of genghis khans)

Category: Assyria
I would like to know why the category Assyria is allowed while category Kurdistan is being removed? Is there exact boundaries for Assyria? As far as I remember that's the main reason given for removing the Kurdistan category. Heja Helweda 22:54, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Kirkuk was founded as a city by ancient Assyrians, therefore its fitting that Category:Assyria is there (you will notice that Category:Assyrians, the category that deals with the modern-day Assyrians, is not present). Kurdistan, however, has vaguely defined borders, so that's why the Kurdistan category is (was) being removed. I've replaced the Kurdistan category for the reason I just stated with Category:Kurds as there is a sizeable Kurdish population in Kirkuk. --3345345335534 15:32, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi, As far as I know Britannica is a very neutral source, It clearly states that Kirkuk is in Kurdistan., . So the category includes this article. D iyako Talk + 22:51, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Just to sort things out here. Britannica doesn´t state that Kirkuk lies within Kurdistan geografical region. It states that Kirkuk lies NEAR the foot of the Zagros Mountins which lies within Kurdistan. No where does it say that Kirkuk is within Kurdistan.

And wheter it do or not, it´s not up to Britannica to determine the statues of Kirkuk.

In all fairness, Kirkuk can technically also be defined as being in an ancient area called Assyria, Mesopotamia (which is better defined as the area in and around the Tigris and Euphrates), and the Fertile Crescent. I may be forgetting some more "regions," but the point I'm trying to make is that they often overlap or compose parts of each other. Why Kurdistan has special preference in the first sentence over all the other, more ancient names, I don't know. I would like to see that changed. --3345345335534 00:55, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Merge?
I'm suggesting that Arrapha be merged into this article. Any thoughts? --3345345335534 15:32, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Done. --3345345335534 00:55, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

POV pushing
Hi, this article from AP, page two, last parapgrapg states: ''The last ethnic-breakdown census in Iraq was conducted in 1957, well before Saddam began his program to move Arabs to Kirkuk. That count showed 178,000 Kurds, 48,000 Turkomen, 43,000 Arabs and 10,000 Assyrian-Chaldean Christians living in the city.''. This is in contrast with the claims in your article. Thanks.

Hi, in reference to the two remarks mentioned above, thank you for your input, although some mistakes should be pointed out. In the first remark, the gentleman stated that Turkomen and Arabs took over housing through the "Arabization" program of the Baath regime. In fact, it was only the Arabs (mostly shiite from the south) who were brought into Kirkuk. Kurds, Turkomens and Assyrian-Chaldeans were forcibly removed. In reference to the second remark, the population figures are correct, although they are for Kirkuk Province (renamed Tamim by the Baath regime) and not for Kirkuk town, which is the city under debate. The 1957 census figures showed that the "city" of Kirkuk was made up of 28.2% Turkomens, 48.2% Kurds, 24% Arabs. Thanks.139.184.30.19 01:31, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

kirkuk is turkmencity

Dear sirs if the kirkuk is not kurdish city. why all the lands was confiscated by former regim belong to Turkmes not to Kurks?.

zaynal - kirkuk

Sister City?
I noticed Dallas Texas was listed as a sister city to Kirkuk, why is that?

Because they're both awful. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 45.49.142.21 (talk) 22:33, 1 October 2015 (UTC)

68.183.67.83 21:59, 6 November 2007 (UTC)Tia

Turkish Invasion Threat?
While it wouldn't surprise me that Turkey doesn't care about the Sovereignty of Iraq to the point of invading over Kirkuk, it does need a reliable source since it's such a volatile and controversial claim.
 * -IkonicDeath

Reliable reference on the Turkmen Nature of Kerkuk City
www.turkmen.nl/1A_soitm/Turkmen-Nature-of-Kerkuk.doc

This article is full of unreliable asertion
the historical section of this article is full of bogus nationalist psuedo history and should be rewritten using reliable sources —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.152.243.32 (talk) 17:53, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

I agree. Wikipedia is not the place for the kind of editorializing which seems to be happening on this page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.111.29.2 (talk) 19:49, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

Slander against Turks and Arabs
This article was obviously recently edited by a pro-kurdish editor. There are many pieces of uncited sentences of Turkmens helping the Iraqi Military force Kurds out. It also says 'Kirkuk is a historically Kurdish City'. No it is not, I request a moderator remove all remarks that may cause anger among the Arabs and Turkmens because they are uncited works.

Thankyou.

-Erol —Preceding unsigned comment added by BabaGurGur (talk • contribs) 04:06, 28 August 2010 (UTC)

 * The sentence you incorrectly quoted, actually says, "Historically, the city has always been considered by Kurds* and Turkmen as a cultural capital." Which, the Kurdish part, is referenced by this source, *Claims in conflict: reversing ethnic cleansing in northern Iraq, Human Rights Watch (Organization), Aug. 2004, Vol.16, 54. and contains a link to read said source. So your accusation that this is an uncited work is false. --Kansas Bear (talk) 04:19, 28 August 2010 (UTC)

Ethnic Bickering
It seems that there is a lot of ethnic bickering and we have the content of the article being changed without references to back it up. Some edits big up the Kurds and do down the Turkmen and some big up the Turkmen and do down the Kurds.

I would like to remind editors that ethnically motivated propaganda is not welcome here. Unsourced changes are not helpful. In particular "ethnically cleansing" one group from the "notable people" list can not be tolerated. We need a text that is accurate, neutral and well referenced. Personally, I feel that any propaganda of the type that goes like "My dead grandfather was here before your dead grandfather" is pathetic and that no dispute was ever settled while people stuck to such a primitive line of argument,

I intend to revert to an older version and then merge in some good content from recent versions andd remove anything that seems inappropriate. I am not an expert on the subject so I may not do a perfect job but I would like us to work from that. I will include all people with articles on the notable people list irrespective of which group they are from but no red links. --DanielRigal (talk) 20:44, 3 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Couldn't agree more. I think that since the article is dealing with a very sensitive issue unsourced statements shouldn't be tolerated. I will read the article and remove what I see as nationalist POV pushing.--  R a f y  talk 21:00, 3 May 2012 (UTC)

 * It's ordinary and natural that all of them claim the right for Kirkuk, which is a historical and cultural city with a diversity of four ethnic groups. We should observe the article from a neutral point of view as the outsiders. Gabriel Stijena (talk) 05:07, 8 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Its littered with pure propaganda. "Arab Occupation"...from the 7th Century?  I simply changed the title to 'Conquest' and haven't touched the rest, but its amazing how many problems this page has.  Can someone put a POV issue with it?  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.94.182.90 (talk) 04:05, 25 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Well you should read the rest otherwise you can't through judgements like that. Beside that sub-title is there any other POV in your opinion.--  K a t h o v o  talk 10:52, 25 June 2014 (UTC)

Kirkuk Is Iraqi city with Turkmen Majorty
Kurds are not majorty in Kirkuk also Kirkuk is not in Kurdish region.

no thats not true if it is why do the turkmens own only 2 seats out of twelve seats in the last elections also kirkuk is now under peshmerga control — Preceding unsigned comment added by Anas Dler (talk • contribs) 21:07, 7 September 2014 (UTC)

Yes - it's not Kurdish region. Absolutely right. --PumbaPumbata (talk) 20:20, 6 July 2016 (UTC)

I have written the name in kurdish turkish arabic please dont change it anymore
wikipedia isnt for politics it is for knowledge so enogh of this nationality — Preceding unsigned comment added by Anas Dler (talk • contribs) 20:31, 6 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Hello Anas Dler! I removed the names is Turkish and Syriac before I checked the talk page. I should have checked the talkpage first. I removed the name because even though Kirkuk is an ethnically diverse city it's still part of Iraq. The official languages of Iraq are Kurdish and Arabic which I think are the only ones that should be listed. Erbil for example has a sizeable Syriac/Christian minority but we don't list Erbil in those languages ~ Zirguezi 22:30, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

I'm a Kurd Firstly Kirkuk isn't a part of Iraq anymore it's part of the Kurdistan regional gov. And Turkish is listed as a recognized language by the constitution of Iraq. Also Turks ain't a minority in Kirkuk. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Anas Dler (talk • contribs) 15:12, 17 June 2015 (UTC)

Prrovince? Govornorate?
This edit caught my eye, and I noticed that the only instances in the article of the word "Province" are in the Kurdish people section and that the lead uses the term "Govornorate". Somebody needs to de-confuse this. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 05:26, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

Kirkuk and Kirkuk province
Kurds majority in Kirkuk center. But Arabs is majority in Kirkuk Province. These two things are not the same thing. Arabs are only of majority in their Hawija district of Kirkuk province. Hawija is largest district of Kirkuk With a population of 500,000 Arabs. Bruskom (talk) 06:41, 17 December 2015 (UTC)

 * ¨Please provde sources♫ RichardWeiss talk contribs 18:00, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

Occupation
We are still treating Kirkuk as part of Iraq. if we want to change this and claim the city is autonomous ather than occupied we need reliable sources which meet our WP:RS and WP:V policies. My opinion is neutral bu we should be well sourced and consistent with other articles, such as Iraq. ♫ RichardWeiss talk contribs 18:14, 26 March 2016 (UTC)
 * I restored article with last version. But lately was removed by another two user. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sedej (talk • contribs) 19:45, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

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Language order
I've switched the order and put Arabic first, as it's the national language of Iraq. Kurdish had been the first one listed, but the city is not majority Kurdish, is not part of the Kurdish autonomous region, and is no longer under the occupation of Kurdish militia, so there's no reason for Kurdish to be listed first. -2003:CA:83E4:D600:994A:5894:CBED:8600 (talk) 22:49, 21 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Agreed, but IP users consistently vandalize the page. Amr ibn Kulthoumعمرو بن كلثوم (talk) 05:02, 22 October 2017 (UTC)

Keeping the four languages
Kirkuk's name is included in the four languages present in the city itself on so many signs in Kirkuk - including the council logo which people can find easily. I think we should keep the name in Arabic, Kurdish, Turkish and Syriac as it is now. There has been some disruptive removals of Kirkuk's name in Syriac.

Best regards Ashurpedia (talk) 01:07, 27 April 2020 (UTC)

Adding "Disputed territories" in infobox
In the infobox, the country category should be Iraq. It's fine with me to add "Disputed territories" in the body of the article but not in the infobox. Amr ibn Kulthoumعمرو بن كلثوم (talk) 18:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Pending adjustment
Please give adequate justification for the write-off here. Torivar (talk) 12:34, 16 December 2020 (UTC)

Adjustments according to the point of view
, Must explain the frequent write-offs here. Torivar (talk) 17:31, 18 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Referring to Torivar (talk) 17:33, 18 December 2020 (UTC)

Protected edit request on 11 June 2021
please revert the edit by the last user, who removed sourced information as an act of blatant vandalism. 2A04:4A43:4A7F:AA91:59B3:BC2E:DEE6:4C8 (talk) 16:03, 11 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. The current version is the consensus version.  General Ization  Talk  16:27, 11 June 2021 (UTC)

Page protection from this anonymous user
This anonymous use keeps removing my edits and claims that Erfurt university isn't a reliable source and it's a pov. Can someone stop him. Xani LapZerin (talk) 16:21, 13 April 2022 (UTC)

 * Your edits as a whole are clearly POV (pro-Kurdish, anti-Turkic) and written in poor English, and almost completely based off one non-RS source. This was stated clearly when I restored the previous versions. 77.96.159.195 (talk) 16:58, 13 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Xani LapZerin, the IP editor has a point. Drmies (talk) 17:00, 13 April 2022 (UTC)

I don't, I just edited according to the source and no Erfurt university is a reliable source. Xani LapZerin (talk) 17:11, 13 April 2022 (UTC)

 * Your edits are clearly POV, 'I don't' is no justification. 77.96.159.195 (talk) 17:20, 13 April 2022 (UTC)

And yet you blame me for bad English lol, yet again this Erfurt university is not a POV, it's an academic source. If you have any newer academic sources I'll be grateful. Xani LapZerin (talk) 17:23, 13 April 2022 (UTC)

Drmies what point exactly? I just edited according what the source says (an academic source) yet he keeps editing without any justification or any evidence against Erfurt university. On the other hand he keeps saying the same thing "pov" and "a non-Rs". Xani LapZerin (talk) 17:37, 13 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Xani LapZerin, you are rightfully blocked now, but this is worth clarifying. Your statement is deceptive: that source is not "from" the University of Erfurt--it is a dissertation written by a PhD candidate at that university. I suppose the defense was successful, but that doesn't take away from the fact that it is not (automatically) a reliable source in the sense of WP:RS--see the section WP:SCHOLARSHIP. You certainly do not have enough ground to be excused for edit warring. Drmies (talk) 22:21, 13 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Hi Drmies, since this dissertation source is not reliable, should it also be removed from other articles where it is used? It's quite a problematic source as even its author seems to be POV and racially motivated. Regards. 77.96.159.195 (talk) 23:04, 13 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, sure, maybe--but not so fast. Read the policy I linked: whether a diss can be used or not depends on circumstances, and may require some evaluation. If you can do that (in more words, and with more arguments than "it's problematic"), then we can do that. Drmies (talk) 01:03, 14 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Hi Drmies Other users (El C) are reinstating this disruptive content by the blocked user and have locked the page. We should gather consensus to have this reverted back to the stable version. Regards. 77.96.159.195 (talk) 12:39, 14 April 2022 (UTC)
 * User:El C is doing what they think is right. Drmies (talk) 14:21, 14 April 2022 (UTC)
 * El C, I restored the version you protected; I hope you don't mind. Let me explain why. First, I'm not convinced by all of the IP's claims, but there's something to it. The dissertation might be acceptable, but that's a matter for discussion. I'm not going to quibble with a researched dissertation talking about etymology, but the "After the Islamic Conquests" section, for starters, is not so simple, with its claims of "they were here first". Second, that one dissertation, used as the most important source, has also replaced a number of earlier references--sometimes, perhaps out of sheer ineptitude, because the editor left the "ref name" tag but usurped the citation, thus removing the original one. So there's problems, and the editor will have to argue for the appropriateness of the dissertation first. Thanks, Drmies (talk) 14:21, 14 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you Drmies. 77.96.159.195 (talk) 14:30, 14 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I saw them remove the content with an edit summary that read: Reverted unsourced POV edits (diff), which is clearly false, since they also removed sources which were (were) added. I now see that in the course of them edit warring, they softened that stance to poorly-sourced or whatever. Okay. I have no opinion or knowledge about that, but the AE protection (AEL diff) was broader than this one dispute, in any case (as can be seen in the page log and my past actions therein). El_C 15:08, 14 April 2022 (UTC)

Drmies there's a reason that edits by Xani LapZerin like Special:Diff/1082208542 are bad. They're copied verbatim from the source, which itself is written in imperfect English. The two sentences in that diff, for example, have had their first words "Later" and "Alternatively" chopped off, which is why they do not begin with a capital letter. Special:Diff/1082204807 likewise copies two other parts of the source word for word. This isn't Xani LapZerin doing the work of writing at all. The dissertation is amply footnoted with its own sources, which I for one would be investigating if I were writing on this topic; but that's actually orthogonal to the problem with this content which is that it is downright plagiarism. Uncle G (talk) 14:52, 14 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks Uncle--I hadn't looked for that yet, since I was too busy trying to figure out what they had been doing with the ref name tags. Still haven't had enough coffee. Can you revdelete as appropriate, please? Thank you. Drmies (talk) 14:59, 14 April 2022 (UTC)
 * The user in question (Xani Lapzerin), having plagiarised and been banned from editing, seems to be a clear troll using the phrase 'Sweet Home Alabama' on his talk page. 77.96.159.195 (talk) 15:48, 14 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I suggest getting back to the article. Neither blocking nor deleting plagiarism should be read as an endorsement of whether or not the article can be expanded.  Do not overlook the fact that, even though xe chose the route of not writing xyrself and filching the work of someone else, Xani LapZerin has given you a 249 page work by Rasoul Muhammad Rasoul (now apparently a lecturer at Soran University, although I have not been able to find out what in) on the history of this place with 24 pages of source citations in its bibliography.  It's not something to be ignored just because someone took to plagiarizing it. Uncle G (talk) 02:43, 15 April 2022 (UTC)

Kurdish propaganda
There is too much Kurdish propaganda and pro-Kurdish, anti Arab/Iraqi/Turkmen racial bias on this article.

Examples: - Adding only the Kurdish name to the top of the article (why not Arabic and Turkmen).

- Changing the order of ethnicities in the introduction from Turkmen, Arab and Kurds to Kurds, Turkmen and Arab (clear racism)

- Adding an unsourced lie claiming that Kirkuk is the ‘Jerusalem of Kurdistan’ (Kirkuk is not in Kurdistan and this has no source no shouldn’t be in the article)

- Adding a completely unverified and incorrect claim to the Demographics section that Kirkuk had a Kurdish majority, even though this is unverified and not true, and does not count as actual demographics. This is in contrast to every other source which proves that Kirkuk has never had a Kurdish majority. كركوك مدينة عراقية (talk) 17:15, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

 * 100% agree. House of tabooleh (talk) 18:48, 4 October 2023 (UTC)
 * This is correct, why has this not been fixed? Mteiritay (talk) 03:57, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 3 September 2023
Orlando20232023 (talk) 19:38, 3 September 2023 (UTC)

Kirkuk was always a Kurdish majority region and Kurds never tried to kurdified. In this wikipedia page says Kurds tried to kurdify Kirkuk which completely wrong. I bet this has been put in by people who are just greedy and wants to terrorize Kurdish community. Thanks,
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Cited sources say Kurdish forces were expelling non-Kurdish residents Cannolis (talk) 20:38, 3 September 2023 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 18 October 2023
Change turkmen activist fateh salah to iraqi turkmen claims Kirkukturk3 (talk) 08:52, 18 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. —TechnoSquirrel69 (sigh) 15:30, 18 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Change turkmen fate salah says to iraqi turkmens claim Kirkukturk3 (talk) 21:44, 18 October 2023 (UTC)
 * It's still not clear what change you're looking for. It would help if you copy-pasted the full sentence you want edited here, and also provide an exact copy of the full sentence you think should replace it. Tollens (talk) 07:15, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
 * "while it is seen by the Turkmen activist Fatih Salah as the cultural and historical capital of Iraqi Turkmens." To "while it is seen by the iraqi turkmens as their cultural and historical capital." Kirkukturk3 (talk) 09:11, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting question.svg Question: Please explain why this should be changed (does the source support a different statement?) Brendan  ❯❯❯  Talk  16:53, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes it does support a different idea for years the page has stated iraqi turkmens claims but just recently fateh salah was added which there is almost no proof of his existence expect one article Kirkukturk3 (talk) 21:08, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. The issue is that the cited SOURCE in the article only supports the first claim. In order to change the text to your proposed replacement, (which may very well be accurate) we would need a reliable source that supports it. PianoDan (talk) 16:28, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
 * sources like https://citiesintransition.net/fct-cities/kirkuk/ and https://minorityrights.org/minorities/turkmen/ and many more state what I'm saying Kirkukturk3 (talk) 22:12, 4 November 2023 (UTC)
 * ❌: as above. microbiology Marcus (petri dish·growths) 19:22, 10 January 2024 (UTC)

Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Neither of those sources directly supports the change you are requesting. The second one doesn't even use the word "capital". PianoDan (talk) 06:36, 20 November 2023 (UTC)

 * https://unpo.org/members/7878 Kirkukturk3 (talk) 11:58, 1 December 2023 (UTC)
 * ❌ Stale, contested request. * Pppery * it has begun... 20:22, 1 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Ok,sure let me just explain what the propaganda here that no one cares about
 * Literally for years the page said "iraqi turkmens claim kirkuk as their cultural capital" it says the same on both the iraqi turkmen and turkmeneli page, the problem is there is no proof of the existence of such an activist only some pages state his nameits an obvious Kurdish attack against iraqi turkmens,same happend on the mandali wiki page where a kurd deleted every mentions of turkmens there and no one cared about it they used unreliable source such as the one used for that specific line(they claimed suleymaniah was 100% kurdish or kirkuk is 52% kurdish etc)
 * If other reliable wiki pages of iraqi turkmens state that kirkuk is their cultural capital then you should really check it out Kirkukturk3 (talk) 16:14, 3 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. M.Bitton (talk) 17:38, 3 January 2024 (UTC)
 * No need to establish a consensus since another protected edit request also requests for this to be deleted,The page sourced never actually mentions "while it is seen by the Turkmen activist Fatih Salah as the cultural and historical capital of Iraqi Turkmens" its just an unsourced statement using another source changing "while it is seen by the Turkmen activist Fatih Salah as the cultural and historical capital of Iraqi Turkmens" to "It is considered by the Iraqi Turkmen to be their cultural and historical capital." Will be helpful to actually source a reliable statement Kirkukturk3 (talk) 15:39, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
 * This request has been closed by an administrator as contested and another editor as requiring consensus. Continuing to re-open it without substantively addressing the reasons for closure - in this case, starting a talk page discussion and attaining consensus with fellow editors - is disruptive. — Sirdog (talk) 03:53, 14 January 2024 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 21 October 2023
Change to population from "1,031,000 2021 estimate" to "1,075,000 2023 estimate" Kirkukturk3 (talk) 01:03, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ — Sirdog (talk) 07:36, 21 October 2023 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 6 December 2023
1) Please revert the order of ethnicities in the introductory paragraph from Kurds, Turkmen and Arabs, to Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen, as this is a fairer and alphabetical order and the former appears to be an ethnically motivated edit according to the edit history.

2) Also remove the unverified and inaccurate initial paragraph of the Demographics section; it falsely claims that Kirkuk had a Kurdish majority using an unverified claim, and does not count as actual demographics.

3) Please change the second paragraph, from "Kirkuk was proclaimed the "capital of Iraqi culture" in 2010.[citation needed] It is described by the Kurdish leader and former Iraqi president Jalal Talabani as “the Jerusalem of Kurdistan”, while it is seen by the Turkmen activist Fatih Salah as the cultural and historical capital of Iraqi Turkmens.[9] The government of Iraq states that Kirkuk represents a small version of Iraq due to its diverse population, and that the city is a model for coexistence in the country.[10][11]", to "Kirkuk was proclaimed the "capital of Iraqi culture" in 2010.[citation needed] It is considered by the Iraqi Turkmen to be their cultural and historical capital.[9] The government of Iraq states that Kirkuk represents a small version of Iraq due to its diverse population, and that the city is a model for coexistence in the country.[10][11]".

This is because the rest is unsourced.

Mteiritay (talk) 04:03, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template.  Spintendo  04:35, 28 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Please explain what that is? Mteiritay (talk) 05:32, 28 December 2023 (UTC)
 * i agree with you, i kept trying to change the "activist" part but no one cares that its literally obvious Kurdish vandalism Kirkukturk3 (talk) 15:31, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Consensus means that interested editors discuss a desired edit on the talk page and eventually reach a compromise, to put it very basically. If involved editors fail to do so, there are dispute resolution processes available to address it. Continuing to re-open requests which are declined on the basis of lack of consensus is not the way to go about it. — Sirdog (talk) 03:53, 14 January 2024 (UTC)

There are biased, unreliable sources cited in the demographics section
In the demographics section about Kurds the only "source" cited on the percentage of Kurds in the city is from an online article by a turkish newspaper (the daily sabah). The article doesn't state where it got the numbers and it clearly contradicts any credible source that's available on the subject. And any well intentioned editor should look into it and update it. Zageos21 (talk) 08:06, 22 December 2023 (UTC)
 * No, there are three different sources. Your statement is false. Here are extra sources confirming the correct information in the demographics section. There is no proof for your claim that it is 'biased' or 'unreliable'.
 * https://www.trtworld.com/middle-east/iraqs-kurds-want-their-independence-but-winning-it-wont-be-easy-13092133
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20170417225809/http://www.let.uu.nl/~martin.vanbruinessen/personal/publications/Iraq_paper_ISS.htm#_ftn11

 * Kirkuk is not Kurdish. Mteiritay (talk) 17:46, 22 December 2023 (UTC)
 * This source is for the kirkuk governance and not the city . Both have different percentages.
 * in the city the turks are the majority.
 * your statement is incorrect. I highly suggest you to check out this scorce.
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20170417225809/http://www.let.uu.nl/~martin.vanbruinessen/personal/publications/Iraq_paper_ISS.htm#_ftnref11 NICTON t (talk) 00:06, 18 January 2024 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 3 January 2024
change the population to 1,100,000 (2024) Kirkukturk3 (talk) 16:52, 3 January 2024 (UTC) — Urro[ talk ] [ edits ] 17:34, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. — FenrisAureus ▲ (she/they)   ( talk ) 03:02, 7 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Population (2023) 1,075,000 to Population (2024)1,100,390
 * Source: https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/kirkuk-population Kirkukturk3 (talk) 13:49, 7 January 2024 (UTC)
 * This source seems less credible than the current (only a few months older). It is also strictly an estimate.
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. No consenus that worldpopulationreview.com is a reliable source. Regards, Goldsztajn (talk) 03:30, 31 January 2024 (UTC)

Census 1957
The demographic information regarding the 1957 census was falsified by an unknown Wikipedia user. See in Source. Mêzgir (talk) 12:18, 12 January 2024 (UTC) Sock of Sockpuppet investigations/KurdîmHeval Aintabli (talk) 22:51, 14 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Corrected now. Thank you. Semsûrî (talk) 14:32, 12 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Hello, thank you for quickly addressing this issue. The table described as "Census results for the city proper of Kirkuk in 1957" is also falsified, as the source provided, provides different data. Mêzgir (talk) 17:16, 12 January 2024 (UTC) Sock of Sockpuppet investigations/KurdîmHeval Aintabli (talk) 22:51, 14 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I see the problem now. The percentages are for the liwa/province and not for the city. Turkmens are 37% of the city, Kurds 33% and Arabs 22.5%. Both sources have the same numbers. Semsûrî (talk) 18:06, 12 January 2024 (UTC)
 * The percentages and numbers are correct. NICTON t (talk) 00:02, 18 January 2024 (UTC)

1957 population
I request changing the population visualization to be like that. NICTON t (talk) 00:00, 18 January 2024 (UTC)

 * My suggestion is to add this visualization instead of boring old school table. NICTON t (talk) 00:08, 18 January 2024 (UTC)

Ethnicity list
In the opening paragraph, instead of 'Kurds, Turkmens and Arabs' it should be 'Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen', in alphabetical order. Mteiritay (talk) 21:13, 23 January 2024 (UTC)

 * It looks nicer honestly, it's the first ethnic groups people who know about kirkuk think about it in order. Kirkukturk3 (talk) 03:21, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

Christians also one of the original people of karkuk from caldanian, Assyrian, etc the Turk called the people how lives in the castle of karkuk (kala gawir) 2A02:6B69:7B3E:0:443C:6F36:3D2E:9E9E (talk) 08:39, 4 April 2024 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 19 April 2024
Hi! Can you add konya as a sister city with Kirkuk? Here are two sources that I found about it https://unpo.org/article/14669 and https://ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2012/8/kirkuk744.htm Kirkukturk3 (talk) 03:24, 19 April 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ and also done at Konya. Liu1126 (talk) 20:24, 13 May 2024 (UTC)

Arab tribes addition request
Please add to Arabs ethnic group section about tribes

'Jabouri, Ubaid, Hadidi, Hamdani, Tamim, Mafraj and Shammar are among popular tribes in Kirkuk.'

source: https://kirkuknow.com/en/transition/17 77.103.241.93 (talk) 00:28, 4 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kirkuk


text:
Samuel C. C. Ting

Samuel Chao Chung Ting (, born January 27, 1936) is an American physicist who, with Burton Richter, received the Nobel Prize in 1976 for discovering the subatomic J/ψ particle.

More recently he has been the principal investigator in research conducted with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, a device installed on the International Space Station in 2011.

Biography
Ting was born on January 27, 1936, in Ann Arbor, Michigan to first generation Chinese immigrant parents, who both hail from Ju County, Shandong province. His parents, Kuan-hai Ting and Tsun-ying Wong, met and married as graduate students at the University of Michigan.

Ting's parents returned to China two months after his birth where Ting was homeschooled by his parents throughout WWII. After the communist takeover of the mainland that forced the nationalist government to flee to Taiwan, Ting moved to the island in 1949. He would live in Taiwan from 1949 to 1956 and conducted most of his formal schooling there. His father started to teach engineering and his mother would teach psychology at National Taiwan University (NTU). Ting attended and finished Middle School in Taiwan.

In 1956, Ting, who barely spoke English, returned to the United States at the age of 20 and attended the University of Michigan. There, he studied engineering, mathematics, and physics. He received Bachelor of Science in Engineering degrees in mathematics and in physics in 1959 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in physics in 1962.

In 1963, Ting worked at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). From 1965, he taught at Columbia University in the City of New York and worked at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) in Germany. Since 1969, Ting has been a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Ting received the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award in 1976, Nobel Prize in Physics in 1976, Eringen Medal in 1977, DeGaspari Award in Science from the Government of Italy in 1988, Gold Medal for Science from Brescia, Italy in 1988, and the NASA Public Service Medal in 2001.

Nobel Prize
In 1976, Ting was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, which he shared with Burton Richter of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, for the discovery of the J/ψ meson nuclear particle. They were chosen for the award, in the words of the Nobel committee, "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind." The discovery was made in 1974 when Ting was heading a research team at MIT exploring new regimes of high energy particle physics.

Ting gave his Nobel Prize acceptance speech in Mandarin. Although there had been Chinese Nobel Prize recipients before (Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen Ning Yang), none had previously delivered the acceptance speech in Chinese. In his Nobel banquet speech, Ting emphasized the importance of experimental work:

 * In reality, a theory in natural science cannot be without experimental foundations; physics, in particular, comes from experimental work. I hope that awarding the Nobel Prize to me will awaken the interest of students from the developing nations so that they will realize the importance of experimental work.

Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
In 1995, not long after the cancellation of the Superconducting Super Collider project had severely reduced the possibilities for experimental high-energy physics on Earth, Ting proposed the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, a space-borne cosmic-ray detector. The proposal was accepted and he became the principal investigator and has been directing the development since then. A prototype, AMS-01, was flown and tested on Space Shuttle mission STS-91 in 1998. The main mission, AMS-02, was then planned for launch by the Shuttle and mounting on the International Space Station.

This project is a massive $2 billion undertaking involving 500 scientists from 56 institutions and 16 countries. After the 2003 Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, NASA announced that the Shuttle was to be retired by 2010 and that AMS-02 was not on the manifest of any of the remaining Shuttle flights. Dr. Ting was forced to (successfully) lobby the United States Congress and the public to secure an additional Shuttle flight dedicated to this project. Also during this time, Ting had to deal with numerous technical problems in fabricating and qualifying the large, extremely sensitive and delicate detector module for space. AMS-02 was successfully launched on Shuttle mission STS-134 on May 16, 2011, and was installed on the International Space Station on May 19, 2011.

Research

 * Discovery of nuclear anti-matter (the anti-deuteron).
 * Measuring the size of the electron family (the electron, the muon, and the tau) showing that the electron family has zero size (with a radius smaller than 10−17 cm).
 * Precision study of light rays and massive light rays showing that light rays and massive light rays (vector mesons) can transform into each other at high energies and providing a critical verification of the quark model.
 * Precision measurement of the radius of the atomic nuclei.
 * Discovery of a new kind of matter (the J particle) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. The Nobel Prize was awarded to Ting for this discovery.
 * Discovery of the gluon (the particle responsible for transmitting the nuclear force).
 * A systematic study of the properties of gluons.
 * A precision measurement of muon charge asymmetry, demonstrating for the first time the validity of the Standard Electroweak Model (Steven Weinberg, Sheldon Glashow and Abdus Salam).
 * Determination of the number of electron families and neutrino species in the Universe and the precision verification of the Electroweak Unification Theory.
 * Proposed, constructed and leads the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) experiment on the International Space Station involving the participation of a 16 nation collaboration searching for the existence of antimatter, the origin of dark matter and the properties of cosmic rays.
 * Development of the first large superconducting magnet for space application.
 * AMS results, based on nine years in space and more than 160 billion cosmic rays, have changed our understanding of the cosmos.

Major Awards

 * Nobel Prize for Physics (1976)
 * Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award (U.S. government)
 * Eringen Medal (the Society of Engineering Science)
 * DeGaspari Award in Science (Italian government)
 * NASA Public Service Medal
 * Erice Prize for Peace (World Federation of Scientists)
 * Gold Medal for Science (Italy)
 * Award for Compelling Results in Physical Sciences (2017, NASA)
 * Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
 * Golden Leopard Award for Excellence, Taormina, Italy

Member or Foreign Member of Scientific Academies

 * United States National Academy of Sciences
 * American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 * Soviet Academy of Science
 * Russian Academy of Sciences
 * Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina (Germany)
 * Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences
 * Hungarian Academy of Sciences
 * Pakistan Academy of Sciences
 * Academia Sinica
 * Chinese Academy of Sciences
 * Honorary Fellow of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

Doctor Honoris Causa degrees

 * University of Bologna
 * Moscow State University
 * University of Bucharest
 * National Tsing Hua University (Taiwan)
 * National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan)
 * Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen
 * University of Michigan
 * Columbia University
 * Gustavus Adolphus College
 * University of Science and Technology of China
 * Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
 * National Central University
 * Hong Kong Baptist University
 * Chinese University of Hong Kong

Personal life
Ting lived in a turbulent age during his childhood and his family was a big influence on him. In his biographical for the Nobel Prize, he recalled:

 * Since both my parents were working, I was brought up by my maternal grandmother. My maternal grandfather lost his life during the first Chinese Revolution. After that, at the age of thirty-three, my grandmother decided to go to school, became a teacher, and brought my mother up alone. When I was young I often heard stories from my mother and grandmother recalling the difficult lives they had during that turbulent period and the efforts they made to provide my mother with a good education. Both of them were daring, original, and determined people, and they have left an indelible impression on me.

 * When I was twenty years old I decided to return to the United States for a better education. My parents' friend, G.G. Brown, Dean of the School of Engineering, University of Michigan, told my parents I would be welcome to stay with him and his family. At that time I knew very little English and had no idea of the cost of living in the United States. In China, I had read that many American students go through college on their own resources. I informed my parents that I would do likewise. I arrived at the Detroit airport on 6 September 1956 with $100, which at the time seemed more than adequate. I was somewhat frightened, did not know anyone, and communication was difficult.

Ting is the eldest son of his family. He has one brother, Ting Chao-hua (丁肇華) and one sister, Ting Chao-min (丁肇民). In an interview with China Central Television, he explained that the combination of his siblings' and his name is the first three characters of "中華民國" (Republic of China). His parents named them after the country to commemorate their grandfather, who was a martyr in the Xinhai Revolution.

In 1960, Ting married Kay Louise Kuhne, an architect, and together they had two daughters, Jeanne Ting Chowning and Amy Ting. In 1985 he married Dr. Susan Carol Marks, and they had one son, Christopher, born in 1986.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Samuel C. C. Ting


text:
User:Olego

Hi,

Wikipedia has far too many flags and tags.

title: User:Olego


text:
User talk:Olego

Ah, welcome :) -- Ralesk

Hello Olego, welcome to Wikipedia!

There are lots of resources around to help guide you. be sure to check out:

 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Also check out
 * image use policy before uploading any images

If you need any help try
 * Help
 * Village pump
 * My talk page User_talk:Jimfbleak.

Don't be afraid of making the odd mistake, there are any number of others eagerly waiting for a chance to correct it!

Tom Sawyer Software
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title: User talk:Olego


text:
Power-up

In video games, a power-up is an object that adds temporary benefits or extra abilities to the player character as a game mechanic. This is in contrast to an item, which may or may not have a permanent benefit that can be used at any time chosen by the player. Although often collected directly through touch, power-ups can sometimes only be gained by collecting several related items, such as the floating letters of the word 'EXTEND' in Bubble Bobble. Well known examples of power-ups that have entered popular culture include the power pellets from Pac-Man (regarded as the first power-up) and the Super Mushroom from Super Mario Bros., which ranked first in UGO Networks' Top 11 Video Game Powerups.

Items that confer power-ups are usually pre-placed in the game world, spawned randomly, dropped by beaten enemies or picked up from opened or smashed containers. They can be differentiated from items in other games, such as role-playing video games, by the fact that they take effect immediately, feature designs that do not necessarily fit into the game world (often used letters or symbols emblazoned on a design), and are found in specific genres of games. Power-ups are mostly found in action-oriented games such as maze games, run and guns, shoot 'em ups, first-person shooters, and platform games.

Origins of the term
The term "power-up" is an example of wasei-eigo (Japanese pseudo-Anglicisms); the sense was coined in Japanese as a compound of "power" (パワー) and "up" (アップする), literally "to up someone's or something's power or abilities". The general meaning of X-up in Japanese is "this will increase your X", and this construction is regularly used in areas such as advertising.

First instances
Pac-Man from 1980 is credited as the first video game to feature a power-up mechanic. Every maze in the game contains four Power Pellets which temporarily give Pac-Man the ability to eat ghosts, turning the tables on his pursuers. The effect of the power-up was illustrated by one of the first cut scenes to appear in a video game, in the form of brief comical interludes about Pac-Man and Blinky chasing each other around. The power pellet entered popular culture with a joke on video game controversies regarding the influence of video games on children.

In 1984, Sabre Wulf introduced power-ups in the form of flowers which, when blossoming, provided effects such as speed up and invincibility.

In 1985, Super Mario Bros. introduced the Super Mushroom, which has entered popular culture, being described as "the quintessential power-up". The original game idea was to have an always big Mario as a technical advance, but later the power-up was introduced to make him "super" as a bonus effect. The development team thought it would be interesting to have Mario grow and shrink by eating a magic mushroom, just like in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Other power-ups introduced in this game were the Super Stars and Fire Flowers, which gave Mario invincibility and the ability to shoot fireballs at enemies, respectively.

Konami's 1985 game Gradius had the first use of a selection bar where the player could select which power-up effect to trigger, instead of having a fixed instant effect.

In 1986 and the years after, the concept of permanent power-ups appeared in the action role-playing genre in the form of perks.

Types of power-ups
Power-ups can be classified according to the type of benefit they give the player.

Offensive abilities
Power-ups can give players a new weapon, or transform the player character into a more aggressive form that increases its attack power or makes some enemies vulnerable. This also includes "nukes", which are weapons that destroy every enemy on the screen at once; these are prevalent in many different genres including vehicular combat, run and guns, and platform games. The effect of the power-up can be time-limited, have a limited number of uses, last until the player is hit, last until the player is killed, or last until game over.

Examples:
 * Mega Man series: Weapons are earned from the Robot Masters/Mavericks upon defeating them. The weapons are kept until the game is turned off (unless a password is used which can bring the player back to a point after the weapon was acquired) or when the game is completed.
 * Donkey Kong: The hammer that Mario (Jumpman) can use to destroy barrels and fireballs.
 * Pac-Man: Power pellets can be picked up by Pac-Man, allowing him to attack ghosts. This also makes Pac-Man temporarily invulnerable.
 * Super Mario Bros.: The player can smash overhead bricks by jumping into them after picking up a Super Mushroom, and can throw fireballs at enemies after picking up a Fire Flower. In addition to those two, there are ice flowers, mini mushrooms, mega mushrooms, hammer power, etc. Mario loses the Super Mario effect after being hit; if he has also collected a Fire Flower, then this is lost along with it.
 * Jak and Daxter: In the first game, collecting Red Eco increases Jak's attack power, while Yellow Eco gives the ability to shoot fireballs from his hands. In the next two games, Dark Eco can be used to transform into Dark Jak, giving a more powerful melee attack, and access to additional unlockable abilities.

Defensive abilities
Defensive power-ups typically consist of items like shields (usually a "force field") surrounding the character that deflects projectiles or absorbs a certain amount of damage, or invincibility/invulnerability. In the case of invincibility, this is nearly always granted as a temporary bonus; otherwise it would negate the challenge of the game.

Invincibility (or "invulnerability") comes in two main forms: either the player character merely becomes intangible to harmful things, or can also damage enemies by contact. In either case the character is often still vulnerable to some threats, such as bottomless pits. In many games, invulnerability is also temporarily granted after the player gets hit or loses a life, so that the character will not be hurt/killed twice in quick succession. The effect is commonly indicated by making the player character flash or blink or by musical cues.

Examples:
 * Mario: The Starman, which grants temporary invulnerability and the ability to defeat enemies by touch.
 * Sonic the Hedgehog: There are several kinds of defensive power-ups in the Sonic franchise. The first game introduced the Shield, which would protect Sonic from being hit one time. This would prevent the player from losing Rings and lives, enclosing Sonic in a spherical barrier. There are several variations of this item as well, including the Thunder/Magnetic, Aqua/Water, and Fire/Flame Shields. These games also feature the Invincibility box which grants temporary invulnerability, and the ability to defeat enemies by simply touching them.
 * Blur: This game also features defensive power-ups like shield and repair to prevent the player's car from getting wrecked. Some power-ups can be fired backwards to destroy opponents behind the player.
 * Clash of Clans: The Grand Warden's Eternal Tome ability makes all surrounding friendly units with a certain range to be invulnerable to damage from defense towers for—depending on the level—3.5, 4, 4.5 or 5 seconds at ability levels 1, 2, 3 or 4, respectively.
 * Splatoon series: The Armor power-up coats the player in one layer of armor and prevents enemy attacks from "splatting" the player. If the player takes enough damage that would otherwise splat them, a layer of armor breaks while the player is restored to full health and given a short period of invulnerability. Unlike most defensive power-ups, the player can have multiple layers of armor at once.

Evasive abilities
Some power-ups consist of items which help the player avoid or escape enemies or enemy weapons. This category includes "speed boosts" and other power-ups which affect time, which can be temporary, permanent, or cumulative, and "invisibility" power-ups which help the player avoid enemies.

Examples:
 * Rainbow Islands: The shoe power-up, which makes the player character move more quickly.
 * R-Type: The 'S' icon, which increases the player's speed every time one is collected.
 * Unreal Tournament, Quake I & II: The Invisibility power-up, which turns the player into an indistinct wireframe or shadow. Similarly, radiation suits serve to deflect certain types of weapons as well.
 * Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII: The Dash materia, which allows Zack to move at double speed to help avoid enemy attacks.
 * Jak and Daxter: The Blue Eco, which enables Jak to run faster and jump higher. It is also used to activate the ancient Precursor machinery found throughout the world, opening doors and activating floating platforms. Due to this, Blue Eco can also be considered an Access ability.
 * Sonic the Hedgehog: The Power Sneakers/Speed Shoes item in this series temporarily increases the speed, accelerations and jump height of the player character.
 * Super Metroid: The Speed Booster is a permanent power-up that gives Samus Aran the ability to run incredibly fast, destroying any enemy in her path. She can also perform a technique with the Speed Booster called the "Shinespark", which allows her to do an invincible charge in 6 possible directions, at the cost of draining health.

Access abilities
Some power-ups help the player enter new or previously inaccessible areas, or "warp" to another level. Access abilities, depending on the game, can be required to progress normally or be entirely optional.

Examples:
 * Super Mario Bros. 3: The warp whistle, which allows player to first go to a warp zone, then advance to another world of a higher value, and the hammer, which allows players to take shortcuts on the overworld game map. Mario also acquires a Raccoon Leaf which allows him to fly, sometimes to hidden areas.
 * Mega Man series: The Rush power-ups, which allow the player to attain power-ups not possible by any other means. The most common are Rush Jet, Rush Coil, Rush Marine, and Rush Search. Also notable are some of the capsule upgrades in the X spin-off series.
 * Metroid series: Various weapons (such as the Ice Beam and the Power Bomb) are permanent power-ups that not only give Samus Aran additional offensive capability but also allow her access to various doors.

Health and life reserves
Health-restorative power-ups typically consist of items which restore lost health (most typically in medical kits, food, or as energy), or items which increase health capacity and 1-ups (which give an extra chance to continue playing after losing, commonly called a 'life').

Examples:
 * Mario: The Super Mushrooms and 1-up Mushrooms give Mario the ability to take an extra hit and extra lives (respectively).
 * Wonder Boy: Fruits recharge the continuously dwindling player energy.
 * Doom: First aid kits restore part of the player's health.
 * The Legend of Zelda: The heart containers permanently increase the player's total health capacity, while heart power ups each refill one heart container worth of lost health.
 * Jak and Daxter: Green Eco, the most common type of Eco in the game, restores Jak's health.
 * Clash of Clans: The Healing Spell causes all friendly troops (ground or air) to regain some health depending on the level each pulse (for forty pulses) in 12 seconds.
 * Sonic the Hedgehog: The Extra Life box, represented in earlier games with an icon of the character the player is controlling, and in later titles by an icon reading "1-up", grants an extra life whenever it is collected.

Ammunition and power reserves
In some games, using certain items or abilities requires the expenditure of a resource such as ammunition, fuel or magic points. Some games use a single resource, such as magic points, while others use multiple resources, such as several types of ammunition. Some games also have power ups which increase the player's maximum ammunition or power capacity.

Examples:
 * Half-Life: Ammunition for guns.
 * The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time: Obtaining "Magic Jars" restores magic points, which are expended by many items and other special abilities.
 * Descent 2: Energy power-ups restore energy, which is required to fire most primary weapons, and to use some other equipment such as the headlight and afterburner.
 * Mega Man: While the default weapon has an unlimited number of shots, the other six weapons can only be fired by expending 'weapon energy', of which each weapon has its own separate reserve. Obtaining a 'weapon capsule' recharges a portion of the currently selected weapon's energy.
 * Monster Legends: Monsters have a certain number of energy points depending on their rarity. Making a move costs some energy, which must be replenished at the cost of a turn (or by using special moves that give some energy points back to the user, or the whole team).

Token abilities
Other power-ups consist of items whose main feature is that they are found in large numbers, to encourage the player to reach certain spots in the game world. They have various cumulative effects, often granting the hero an extra life.

Examples:
 * Super Mario Bros.: Collecting 100 coins grants the player an extra life.
 * Super Mario Bros. 2: Collecting 5 cherries causes a Starman powerup to float up from the bottom of the screen.
 * Sonic the Hedgehog: Collecting at least one ring lets the player take a hit at the cost of losing all rings. Collecting 100 rings grants the player an extra life.
 * Additionally, in many games in the series, acquiring all seven Chaos Emeralds and collecting at least 50 rings allows the player to activate Super Sonic mode, which grants flight, increased speed and invulnerability to most forms of damage, but gradually consuming rings over time, and expires when the player runs out of rings.
 * Crash Bandicoot: Collecting 100 Wumpa fruits grants the player an extra life.
 * Donkey Kong Country: Collecting 100 bananas grants the player an extra life.

Trick power-ups (or power-downs)
Trick power-ups try to trick the player into grabbing them, only to result usually into damage, removed abilities, or player death.

Examples:
 * Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels: Poison mushroom.
 * Bonk's Revenge: Fake power-up containers that actually release an enemy.
 * Sonic 3/Sonic & Knuckles/Sonic 3 & Knuckles: Item Monitors that bear Eggman/Robotnik on them will cause Sonic to be hurt if he opens them.
 * Metroid Fusion: Some Energy or Missile Tanks are actually enemies in disguise, and usually lead to a room with the real power-up.
 * Rise of the Triad: Items like the Shrooms and Elasto reduces the player control.

Attaining power-ups
There are many different methods of obtaining power-ups:
 * In many games, particularly platform games, there is one prevalent object scattered throughout each level that serves as a container for power-ups. In series such as the Castlevania and Ninja Gaiden games this object is a candle or lantern, while in the Mario franchise, the oft-used container is the "question block". In the Sonic the Hedgehog series, the power-ups in the 2D titles are usually found in cubic static TVs (named "monitors"), while in 3D games they are enclosed in capsule-like boxes.
 * In beat 'em up games, level-themed objects such as crates, barrels, or mailboxes serve as containers.
 * In many games, such as the Mega Man series, power-ups can be obtained through the elimination of enemies.
 * In some games, power-ups may be left within plain view, such as in R.C. Pro-Am. It is also typical for games to require the player to travel a certain way or perform a specific action in order to attain said power-up, such as bombing through specific blocks in Super Metroid.
 * Power-ups can also be obtained by interacting with certain objects at specific points in the level, e.g. the tractor-trailer truck in Spy Hunter.

Treasure chests
In many video games, especially role-playing video games, treasure chests contain various items, currency, and sometimes monsters. For certain role playing games, some chests are actually mimics, in which a monster looks like a chest, but will attack the player when they attempt to open it. This is notably seen in the Seiken Densetsu and Dragon Quest series.

Treasure chests provide a means for the player to obtain items without paying for them in stores. In some cases, these chests contain items that cannot be purchased at stores. Chests may be locked, requiring a key of some sort. For certain games, keys can only be used once, and the key is destroyed during its use. For other games, having a particular type of key means that the player can open any of the chests with a matching lock.

For most games, once a chest has been opened, the contents remain empty, although they may be repopulated with possibly different items during different stages of the game. This is different from perishable containers, such as crates and jars, which tend to reappear if the player exits the area and then returns.

Selection bar
Instead of having players collect a power-up that is instantly activated, the players may be allowed to select which power-ups they want to use. This is commonly implemented through a 'selection bar' which contains a number of power-up effects. To access the bar, the player must collect power-up items; the more they collect, the further along the bar they can access. The more powerful power-ups are traditionally placed further along the bar, so that more effort is required to obtain them. The selection bar was first used in Konami's 1985 game, Gradius.

Perks
"Perks" are a variation of the power-up mechanic, but permanent rather than temporary. The concept of permanent power-ups dates back to the early NES action RPGs, Deadly Towers (1986) and Rygar (1987), which blurred the line between the power-ups used in action-adventures and the experience points used in console RPGs. An early video game that used perks, and named it as such, was the 1997 computer RPG game Fallout. Perks have been used in various other video games in recent times, including first-person shooters such as Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, Modern Warfare 2, and Killing Floor, as well as action games like Metal Gear Online.

title: Power-up