text:
User talk:Furrykef

i swear to god i meant to put it in the summary, but my dog had to go out, so i got up, i let her out, and then i saved and forgot... I'LL EXPLAIN HERE THOUGH!!! well, i have sent several letters to nintendo (e-mail) and they are all including starfox 2 questions... every time i get a reply it goes something like:

we have no plans to release a new f-zero, game & watch (gallery), or kid icarus game in the near future.

THEY ALWAYS DODGE MY QUESTIONS ABOUT STARFOX 2. plus, after hearing from that guy (or girl, whatever) on the talk page, i was so shook up i went to some forums and they were all suggesting such things like that of the game being released.

compromise: ive sent a letter to nintendo (this time SPECIFICALLY about starfox 2 and only that game), if they reply back saying maybe (or better), it goes back up, but until then, we leave it w/o a rumor. deal? Hollywoodd 08:27, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I am sorry, but that is not good enough. Statements need to have reliable sources; message board posts are not reliable sources (anybody could write them), nor are e-mails (it's very easy to fake e-mails, so they cannot be considered reliable). If there are rumors, you need to substantiate them using reliable sources. - furrykef (Talk at me) 08:52, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

O________o
hey! how come you removed "knuckio" from the somari page? it's related to sonic bros! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Angus Nitro (talk • contribs) 03:23, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Because the page isn't about Sonic Bros., it's about Somari. It's basically another ROM hack with a graphics change; anybody could make that. Somari is special because it's a very advanced ROM hack that just happens to replace Sonic with Mario. If we listed every ROM hack where Mario was replaced with a Sonic character or vice versa, the article would probably get really long. - furrykef (Talk at me) 04:15, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

Merge proposal
Please see WT:Only_make_links_that_are_relevant_to_the_context for the current discussion. I'm letting everyone know who has a comment on the relevant talk pages. Obviously, we're not going to push anything through without a full discussion of every issue, including whether to merge at all. My sense is that there's wide agreement on all the big points, but the devil is in the details. - Dan Dank55 (send/receive) 19:54, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Wikia Gaming
Hello,

A discussion regarding inactive sysops and bureaucrats on Wikia Gaming was started, I'm leaving this message as a courtesy to allow you to comment. Your logs indicate you have not made a single admin/bureaucrat action (protect, delete, block, user rights) since you were given access. Regards.

--Charitwo (talk) 17:29, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

Recovering deleted pages for wikia gaming
Hi Furrykef can you help me recover these pages and import them to wikia gaming when you have time?
 * List of weapons in Resident Evil 4
 * List of units in Star Wars: Battlefront II
 * List of vehicles in Star Wars: Battlefront II
 * USA Story
 * GLA Storyline
 * China Storyline
 * United States of America (C&C: Generals)
 * China (C&C: Generals)
 * Armoured units of the USA (game)
 * Aerial units of the USA (game)
 * Aerial units of China (game)
 * List of maps in Battlefield 2
 * Economy (StarCraft)
 * Infantry units of China (game)
 * Armoured units of China (C&C: Generals)
 * Infantry units of the GLA (game)
 * Armoured units of the GLA (game)
 * Infantry units of the USA (C&CG)
 * Structures of the USA
 * Structures of the GLA
 * Structures of the Chinese
 * Soviet Union (C&C: Red Alert)
 * Allies (C&C: Red Alert)

Thanks --Cs california (talk) 04:19, 24 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the reply just do some when you have time and I guess you can use to cross out the ones you did. --Cs california (talk) 23:07, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

An article you created maybe deleted soon: Tools which can help you
The article you created: List of phrases from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy may be deleted from Wikipedia.

There is an ongoing debate about whether your article should be deleted here:
 * Articles for deletion/List of phrases from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.

The faster you respond on this page, the better chance the article you created can be saved.

Finding sources which mention the topic of your article is the very best way to avoid an article being deleted Findsources3. Also, there are several tools and helpful editors on Wikipedia who can help you:
 * 1) List the page up for deletion on Article Rescue Squadron. You can get help listing your page on the Article Rescue Squadron talk page.
 * 2) You can request a mentor to help explain all of the complex rules that editors use to get a page deleted: Wikipedia:Adopt-a-User. But don't wait for a mentor to respond to you before responding on the article for deletion page.
 * 3) When trying to delete a page, veteran editors love to use a lot of rule acronyms. Don't let these acronyms intimidate you. Here is a list of acronyms you can use yourself: WP:Deletion debate acronyms which may support the page you created being kept.
 * 4) You can vote to merge the article into a larger or better established article on the same topic.

If your page is deleted, you still have many options available. Good luck! travb (talk) 12:10, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

Portal:Portal

 * Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Portal. It has not been discussed at undeletion so it shouldn't have been recreated. --Qu e ntin Smith 12:24, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

Can you upload your "Helium article read with helium.ogg" on Commons ?
I am considerably enlarging the :fr:Hélium article from a translation from. I stumble on the fact that apparently the file "Helium article read with helium.ogg" has stayed on en:wp. Could you upload it to Commons, so that everybody can use it ?

Thanks in advance        Trassiorf (talk) 05:22, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

 * It was just that I thougt to see on the History page that it was you who put it on the page. I'll try to see where I can find this file. Sorry for the disturbance, and thanks all the same. Trassiorf (talk) 21:28, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

Lupin III Good Article Reassessment
As a major contributor to Lupin III, I thought you'd want to know that that article is currently under going a Good Article Reassessment as part of the GA Sweeps. The article currently fails the good article criteria, as detailed at Talk:Lupin III/GA1. Its reassessment is on hold for seven days to allow time for the issues to be addressed. Thanks. -- AnmaFinotera  (talk · contribs) 02:13, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

A thanks for starting the Wikibook on Guitar
Hello Furrykef

Just thought I'd introduce myself and say "thank you" for starting the Guitar wikibook. I'm editing and proof reading the Guitar wikibook. Basically trying to reach consensus about replacing certain ascii tab exercises with images. I've added two new pages: Scale Manual and Technical exercises. I'm providing the scales and technical exercises in tab; so as not to exclude those guitarists who do not read music. I've added beginners exercises to the jazz page and started the pages on flamenco and classical guitar.

I'm happy to get any advice on the work I've done and hope you will find a moment to check my work.

Thanks --Sluffs (talk) 13:18, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the feedback, but I'm afraid I'm not really interested in the guitar wikibook anymore. I haven't even looked at it in a couple of years, and it wouldn't surprise me if much of what I've written has been rewritten by now. I'm sure you can find somebody else who might be interested, though. - furrykef (Talk at me) 13:24, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Nude celebrities on the Internet
An article that you have been involved in editing, Nude celebrities on the Internet, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/. Thank you.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. – iride  scent  16:44, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

Rarity of Earthbound a non sequitur?
First of all, a Legacy section deals with the continuing impact and appeal of the subject matter. I can see no other place to put the present demand for the game. It shouldn't go in the introductory paragraph or Reception, as Reception deals mostly with initial sales and media attention. If you know where it should go, at least move the information instead of being a deletionist. Deletionists like to target IP editors, especially, and do minimal effort to gain respect and credit. 74.194.224.252 (talk) 19:41, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I've put it on the Talk page. There's a reason that I'm a deletionist, though: I have minimal time, and if I expended a lot of effort trying to find the proper place for stuff, well, it would take time away from other things, both on and off Wikipedia. - furrykef (Talk at me) 22:23, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

Hello I am an editor here on wikipedia. There is this other editor cosmic latte who has been vandalising the Michael jackson Page with the last 24 hours he has made over 50 edits to major parts of the article without even discussing with other editors who have been warning him. he has in the passed been guilty of vandalism. Please speak with him. I also believe that he uses other names such as TimothyHorrigan and Rodhullandemu. please speak with this individual he has put block on his vandalism so you cant undo what he has done. This is making wikipedia look really bad as Michael Jackson is one of the most searched article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Knighttrain (talk • contribs) 22:35, 8 May 2010 (UTC)

Revision to Sid Meier's Alien Crossfire and Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri articles
I noticed that you have revised either Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri or Sid Meier's Alien Crossfire.

I intend to revise those articles following the WikiProject Video games/Article guidelines. There are more details on the discussion pages of those articles. I'd be interested in any comments you have. It would be best if your comments were on the discussion pages of the two articles.

Thank you.

Vyeh (talk) 11:38, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

L&D 2
Hi there! I've never been able to complete an aneurysm, either - I always get the "you were thinking about your next round of golf" message, despite putting the clip on in the illustrated location. If you do find out how to do it, please put it in the article. :) Tevildo (talk) 20:46, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Yeah, that's the same message I'm getting... - furrykef (Talk at me) 21:01, 15 July 2010 (UTC)
 * "Carbon monoxide is psionous and anyone who breaths it will drop down dead." _Why_ do we not have an article on Martyn Berry?  _Why_ am I posting this here?  Miss you so much... Tevildo (talk) 20:32, 27 August 2010 (UTC)
 * If you miss me so much, how come you never talk to me? *geniunely puzzled* - furrykef (Talk at me) 23:29, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

Dermatology
Any interest in dermatology? If so, we are always looking for more help at the Dermatology task force, particularly with the ongoing Bolognia push. I can e-mail you the login information if you like? There is still a lot of potential for many new articles and redirects. ---kilbad (talk) 21:55, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life the Universe and Everything (42)
I just looked at Pages that link to "Phrases from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" and, excluding User and Talk pages, there are about 90 of them. If you want to change the section title (which I agree is currently ungrammatical) then the burden falls on you to plough through 90 or so links and change those that need changing. (Not all of them will need changing as some of them will point to other sections.)

I am in the process of replacing such section links with redirects. However, this is a big job, even for just Hitchhiker's, and it is going to take a while. At its conclusion, changing section titles will be much simpler.

Finally, looking at some of these links, the favoured version of the phrase appears to have two commas, as in "Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything". This is also grammatical, the second comma being optional.

If you wish to respond, please do so here. HairyWombat 19:57, 17 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I have to say I don't really appreciate my reasonable edit being called "vandalism", which is what you used as the edit summary when you reverted it. Never call something "vandalism" unless the intent was to destroy rather than to improve. I also disagree that "the burden falls on me" update the links; neither does it fall on you or anybody in particular. Wikipedia is a community project. I am updating at least some of the links anyway, but not because I think I'm personally obligated to.
 * I think the one-comma version is preferable in this case because that's how the title of the book Life, the Universe and Everything is generally written. British English also tends not to use the Oxford comma, and as HHGttG is very British, it seems appropriate to apply British style. - furrykef (Talk at me) 06:16, 18 August 2010 (UTC)
 * I have updated all the links I could find. It really was not a big deal. - furrykef (Talk at me) 06:44, 18 August 2010 (UTC)
 * I have updated all the links I could find. It really was not a big deal. - furrykef (Talk at me) 06:44, 18 August 2010 (UTC)

If you visit the link I gave above (this one), you will find another 50 or 60. (If breaking that many links is not vandalism then I would like to see what is.) You seem keen to take on this task, so I will leave it in your capable hands. Best of luck. Bye, HairyWombat 16:20, 18 August 2010 (UTC)

 * That was the link I used to fix the links. Did you actually look to see if any were still broken? Can you show me one that is? I don't think there are even 50 or 60 links total that link to the section in question. And to answer the question "if breaking that many links is not vandalism then I would like to see what is", the answer is malice. Vandalism implies malicious intent. If there is no malicious intent, it is not vandalism. From Vandalism: "Any good-faith effort to improve the encyclopedia, even if misguided or ill-considered, is not vandalism." By calling it vandalism, you are saying I acted in bad faith. I'm sure you can understand why I don't appreciate that.
 * Also, I fail to see why you found it preferable to retain a grammatically incorrect section heading instead of just fixing it. Fixing all the links took maybe ten minutes of effort, and that was just me acting alone. If it were really necessary, I could have found somebody and said, "Hey, Bob, let's go through these links and I'll get A-M and you get N-Z." You could also have posted somewhere asking for help even if you didn't want to fix any of the links yourself. Why settle for a grammatically incorrect section heading when there are ways of dealing with it? - furrykef (Talk at me) 18:23, 18 August 2010 (UTC)

Code in Looney Tunes B-Ball
Hey buddy, I saw an article with LTBB codes and I noticed one I knew was missing, the one to turn into Yosemite Sam. I put it there XD I wanted to know how to perform Free-For-All and Free Turbo... the FFA one, I know that involves pressing Y+X several times and then R, but I only get it by accident sometimes =p —Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.78.208.110 (talk) 00:28, 24 May 2011 (UTC)

Request for your perspective on SOPA
Hi Kef, there's currently an ongoing discussion about splitting the Stop Online Piracy Act page at Talk:Stop_Online_Piracy_Act. You've familiarized yourself with the entry before, and your insight and perspective on the matter would be appreciated. Hope to see you there,  Sloggerbum  ( talk ) 23:53, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

MSU Interview
Dear Furrykef,

My name is Jonathan Obar user:Jaobar, I'm a professor in the College of Communication Arts and Sciences at Michigan State University and a Teaching Fellow with the Wikimedia Foundation's Education Program. This semester I've been running a little experiment at MSU, a class where we teach students about becoming Wikipedia administrators. Not a lot is known about your community, and our students (who are fascinated by wiki-culture by the way!) want to learn how you do what you do, and why you do it. A while back I proposed this idea (the class) to the community HERE, were it was met mainly with positive feedback. Anyhow, I'd like my students to speak with a few administrators to get a sense of admin experiences, training, motivations, likes, dislikes, etc. We were wondering if you'd be interested in speaking with one of our students.

So a few things about the interviews:
 * Interviews will last between 15 and 30 minutes.
 * Interviews can be conducted over skype (preferred), IRC or email. (You choose the form of communication based upon your comfort level, time, etc.)
 * All interviews will be completely anonymous, meaning that you (real name and/or pseudonym) will never be identified in any of our materials, unless you give the interviewer permission to do so.
 * All interviews will be completely voluntary. You are under no obligation to say yes to an interview, and can say no and stop or leave the interview at any time.
 * The entire interview process is being overseen by MSU's institutional review board (ethics review). This means that all questions have been approved by the university and all students have been trained how to conduct interviews ethically and properly.

Bottom line is that we really need your help, and would really appreciate the opportunity to speak with you. If interested, please send me an email at obar@msu.edu (to maintain anonymity) and I will add your name to my offline contact list. If you feel comfortable doing so, you can post your name HERE instead.

If you have questions or concerns at any time, feel free to email me at obar@msu.edu. I will be more than happy to speak with you.

Thanks in advance for your help. We have a lot to learn from you.

Sincerely,

Jonathan Obar --Jaobar (talk) 19:24, 9 February 2012 (UTC)

 * I don't think I'm a good candidate 'cause I'm not all that much of an administrator around here. I'm more of an ordinary user who just happens to have admin powers he rarely uses. Thanks, though. - furrykef (Talk at me) 23:42, 9 February 2012 (UTC)

Windows XP
Continued removal of the content without consensus to do so is disruptive editing at best, and you should know better than that. I shouldn't have to remind you that if you make a bold edit and it's reverted, you should discuss it on the article's talk page, as per WP:BRD. While it's being discussed, the staus quo, which is the content remaining in the article, prevails. Please don't edit war over this. --AussieLegend (talk) 16:13, 2 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Continued removal of content without consensus is disruptive editing, huh? What's putting lies into Wikipedia, then? - furrykef (Talk at me) 16:20, 2 May 2012 (UTC)

Help Please
The User:Nymf makes all undo what I edit in Wikipedia Article. I need help please. He undo all just annoy me. Without reference or without reason.

examples:

for example a new picture: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Walker

list of Albanian americans delete he withot references and grounds. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Albanian_Americans

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arta,_Greece&action=history

from older revision: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jim_Belushi&oldid=530122564

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Belushi&oldid=530035768

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masiela_Lusha&action=history

it can not go on like this.

Yours truly User:Anthony.al

 * He's just asking you to provide sources for the information you add. There's nothing unreasonable about that. - furrykef (Talk at me) 00:54, 29 December 2012 (UTC)

request about the page football records in spain : Someone needs to stop this circus !
Hello ..

may you please take a look at football records in spain ,this page is containing various different records in Spanish football, the user : 49.244.108.56 keeps removing some of them because he believes they are not needed and if you took a look at what he adds or removes you can see he is doing that biasing since he is working hard to remove Barca records allowing only real records !! the 3 records i added are well referenced from the related club website and even classified clearly under national records even not just a club records !! so anything clearer than that even ?? how should someone opinion or even bunch of people opinion about it make a difference in that ?? its a clear case...the related club classified it as record, so if someone likes it or not it shouldn't stop being a record.

and since its referenced I can't see any reason to remove it.

the website : http://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/the-honours/detail/card/fc-barcelona-team-records

what is really weird...there is some records similar to those added ( like i added ) but he added them related to Real Madrid so obviously he doesn't have a clear measure in that.\

I tried sending other for help also but i found no response so far, I just think the whole thing is turning into a circus as that :) and for the protection of integrity of wikipedia someone should act in someway !! making it clear (neither way i dont care ) just don't leave it for somenoe to decide oh i hate this club so i dont want his records and im making my hard to remove them and bringing everyother possible records for the club i like ??! take a look at it please because this IP : 49.244.108.56 has long history of doing that !

he is the same range of ip from 49.244.125.32 also he is the same as 49.244.161.201 and by the way it's all belongs to a user has been blocked before but i dont know why they unblocked him again ! it's just as a circus as that

thank you — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:306:3878:81E0:A0A2:1EFE:E57C:DD88 (talk) 17:29, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

Talkback
Codename Lisa (talk) 06:48, 19 April 2013 (UTC)

Furry is...
I agree. Furry is not a sexual fetish, although it is some people's sexual fetish (well, anything might be some people's sexual fetish). Other people should please remember that! --Zzo38 (talk) 06:44, 22 April 2013 (UTC)

EarthBound
I'm not for the inclusion of the word "all" in the statement "...as an influential figure to all the composers...". I couldn't complete my rationale in the edit summary, so I brought it to the talk page for discussion, so you know. --ThomasO1989 (talk) 18:14, 7 November 2013 (UTC)

Request for comment
Hello there, a proposal regarding pre-adminship review has been raised at Village pump by. Your comments here is very much appreciated. Many thanks. Jim Carter through MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 06:47, 28 May 2014 (UTC)

Section heading funny business
Hey, just wanted to let you know that this was probably not your intended result. :) It's already been reverted but if you're using a semi-automated tool you might want to make sure it isn't introducing the same kinds of errors elsewhere. Protonk (talk) 20:04, 29 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Whoops. I meant to lowercase it but my keyboard was set to Japanese mode and I hadn't noticed. Sorry about that! - furrykef (Talk at me) 22:22, 29 July 2014 (UTC)

 * No worries. I definitely spent too long trying to scrape an invisible dust spec off my screen where part of the "E" should've been. Protonk (talk) 22:27, 29 July 2014 (UTC)

Merger discussion for Widow maker
An article that you have been involved in editing, Widow maker, has been proposed for merging with another article. If you are interested, please participate in the merger discussion. Thank you. Maestroso simplo (talk) 01:34, 12 February 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of List of obfuscators for .NET

The article List of obfuscators for .NET has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Has been tagged for notability for more than a year - and this is a list of external links, which should not be hosted on Wikipedia per WP:ELNO and WP:NOTLINK

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on |the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. MrOllie (talk) 11:38, 3 October 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:53, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Two-Factor Authentication now available for admins
Hello,

Please note that TOTP based two-factor authentication is now available for all administrators. In light of the recent compromised accounts, you are encouraged to add this additional layer of security to your account. It may be enabled on your preferences page in the "User profile" tab under the "Basic information" section. For basic instructions on how to enable two-factor authentication, please see the developing help page for additional information. Important: Be sure to record the two-factor authentication key and the single use keys. If you lose your two factor authentication and do not have the keys, it's possible that your account will not be recoverable. Furthermore, you are encouraged to utilize a unique password and two-factor authentication for the email account associated with your Wikimedia account. This measure will assist in safeguarding your account from malicious password resets. Comments, questions, and concerns may be directed to the thread on the administrators' noticeboard. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 20:33, 12 November 2016 (UTC)

A new user right for New Page Patrollers
Hi.

A new user group, New Page Reviewer, has been created in a move to greatly improve the standard of new page patrolling. The user right can be granted by any admin at PERM. It is highly recommended that admins look beyond the simple numerical threshold and satisfy themselves that the candidates have the required skills of communication and an advanced knowledge of notability and deletion. Admins are automatically included in this user right.

It is anticipated that this user right will significantly reduce the work load of admins who patrol the performance of the patrollers. However,due to the complexity of the rollout, some rights may have been accorded that may later need to be withdrawn, so some help will still be needed to some extent when discovering wrongly applied deletion tags or inappropriate pages that escape the attention of less experienced reviewers, and above all, hasty and bitey tagging for maintenance. User warnings are available here but very often a friendly custom message works best.

If you have any questions about this user right, don't hesitate to join us at WT:NPR. (Sent to all admins) .MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:47, 15 November 2016 (UTC)

Administrators' newsletter - February 2017
News and updates for administrators from the past month (January 2017). This first issue is being sent out to all administrators, if you wish to keep receiving it please subscribe. Your feedback is welcomed.

Administrator changes
 * Gnome-colors-list-add.svg NinjaRobotPirate • Schwede66 • K6ka • Ealdgyth • Ferret • Cyberpower678 • Mz7 • Primefac • Dodger67
 * Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg Briangotts • JeremyA • BU Rob13

Guideline and policy news
 * A discussion to workshop proposals to amend the administrator inactivity policy at Wikipedia talk:Administrators has been in process since late December 2016.
 * Pending changes/Request for Comment 2016 closed with no consensus for implementing Pending changes level 2 with new criteria for use.
 * Following an RfC, an activity requirement is now in place for bots and bot operators.

Technical news
 * When performing some administrative actions the reason field briefly gave suggestions as text was typed. This change has since been reverted so that issues with the implementation can be addressed. (T34950)
 * Following the latest RfC concluding that Pending Changes 2 should not be used on the English Wikipedia, an RfC closed with consensus to remove the options for using it from the page protection interface, a change which has now been made. (T156448)
 * The Foundation has announced a new community health initiative to combat harassment. This should bring numerous improvements to tools for admins and CheckUsers in 2017.

Arbitration
 * The Arbitration Committee released a response to the Wikimedia Foundation's statement on paid editing and outing.

Obituaries
 * JohnCD (John Cameron Deas) passed away on 30 December 2016. John began editing Wikipedia seriously during 2007 and became an administrator in November 2009.

Discuss this newsletter • Subscribe • Archive

13:36, 1 February 2017 (UTC)

text encoding on your site
Hi. Stalked you from Wiktionary. Your "stuff you don't care about" page seems to have an encoding hiccup in the title, but I'm not sure whether it's a joke, because there's stuff about mojibake on that same page. Hmmm? Equinox ◑ 17:10, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

 * Nope, not a joke, I'm afraid. Thanks for the heads-up. - furrykef (Talk at me) 17:41, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

 * Fixed now. - furrykef (Talk at me) 17:45, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

12 years of adminship, today.
Wishing Furrykef a very happy adminship anniversary on behalf of the Wikipedia Birthday Committee! Chris Troutman ( talk ) 20:05, 26 April 2017 (UTC)

Request for Page Deletion
Greetings. I am sorry to bother you on your own discussion page, but I require immediate administrator action. A Mr. Rishabh Puri has contacted me, requesting that his Wikipedia page be removed immediately. The page is already under discussion for deletion, but the admin involved has not been responding to my messages or requests. Are you able to help get this page removed? Thank you. DimitroffV (talk) 16:05, 4 September 2017 (UTC)
 * There has to be a consensus to delete the article. That the subject of the article wants it removed is not relevant; we wouldn't delete Donald Trump if Mr. Trump told us to delete it. Nonetheless, since the article appears to fail to meet the notability guidelines, I expect it will probably be deleted soon, and I have cast a vote to delete the article. - furrykef (Talk at me) 21:06, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

Invitation to Admin confidence survey
Hello,

Beginning in September 2017, the Wikimedia Foundation Anti-harassment tool team will be conducting a survey to gauge how well tools, training, and information exists to assist English Wikipedia administrators in recognizing and mitigating things like sockpuppetry, vandalism, and harassment.

The survey should only take 5 minutes, and your individual response will not be made public. This survey will be integral for our team to determine how to better support administrators.

To take the survey sign up here and we will send you a link to the form.

We really appreciate your input!

Please let us know if you wish to opt-out of all massmessage mailings from the Anti-harassment tools team.

For the Anti-harassment tools team, SPoore (WMF), Community Advocate, Community health initiative (talk) 20:56, 14 September 2017 (UTC)

June 2018
Hello, I'm Doniago. I noticed that you made one or more changes to an article, That's Lobstertainment!, but you didn't provide a reliable source. It's been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you'd like to include a citation and re-add it, please do so! If you need guidance on referencing, please see the referencing for beginners tutorial, or if you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. DonIago (talk) 13:34, 20 June 2018 (UTC)

 * I don't think statements that are plain as day should require a source. - furrykef (Talk at me) 23:14, 20 June 2018 (UTC)

 * If it's that obvious then finding a source should be trivial. DonIago (talk) 00:44, 21 June 2018 (UTC)

 * If it's that trivial, you can do it yourself. - furrykef (Talk at me) 01:10, 21 June 2018 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I shouldn't be so blunt. But I don't consider it trivial even though I consider the information in question to be obvious. Not only do I have to find a source, I have to figure out whether it should be considered "reliable" (is a Futurama wiki reliable? Seems doubtful) and then I have to insert the reference and format it correctly and everything. Some things justify that kind of effort. I don't think this does. So I think the "burden of referencing" (or whatever you want to call it) should currently be on you, because you're the one who wants the reference so much. - furrykef (Talk at me) 01:22, 21 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Wikis aren't considered reliable per WP:SPS. I did link to information about reliable sources in my initial post, but am happy to answer any questions about them to the best of my ability, or we can discuss at the article Talk page so that other editors following the article might weigh in. WP:BURDEN makes it explicitly clear that when there's a concern regarding verifiability, it's incumbent on editors who wish to add the material to provide a source, which makes sense (to me at least), because why should someone who doesn't care if the material is present have to make the effort to...prove no sources exist? Anyway, if you want to work with me to try to find a source, I'm happy to do so, but I can't tell whether you're interested in adding the material or not at this point. Cheers. DonIago (talk) 02:14, 21 June 2018 (UTC)
 * No, not anymore. It's a lot easier to just drop the matter. So much for that bit of trivia, I guess. - furrykef (Talk at me) 02:56, 21 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Alright. Sorry for any tension this may have caused; if you change your mind, I'm happy to try to help out. Cheers! DonIago (talk) 12:42, 21 June 2018 (UTC)

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Mikhail Lebedev
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 * Happy Adminversary! All the best: Rich Farmbrough 14:16, 26 April 2024 (UTC).

title: User talk:Furrykef


text:
User talk:Hyacinth

 * 1) Hello, you've reached User:Hyacinth, Mikhail Abraham.
 * Note: I currently do have reasonable access to computers. However, I may be away from Wikipedia.

 * Do not leave messages in archive as I am not notified automatically. Leave a message on the bottom of this page. Please remember civility and politeness, even if I haven't.

RIP
I am sad to report that this editor, Mikhail Lewis, has passed away at the age of 42 due to epilepsy. He's gone far too soon. RIP. I didn't know him but I'm certainly familiar with his name from checking out the early history of music articles on Wikipedia, especially in 2003 and 2004. Graham87 (talk) 07:41, 30 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I've written an obituary at Deceased Wikipedians/2023. Graham87 (talk) 08:27, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

 * RIP Hyacinth. Gone way too soon, and thank you for all your work improving the encyclopedia over the years. — Amakuru (talk) 08:09, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

 * We shared the interest in music, and conversations with Jerome Kohl. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 08:40, 30 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Rest in peace. – DreamRimmer (talk) 08:49, 30 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Oh, I'm so sorry to hear this! – I had noticed that he wasn't very active. My deepest condolences to any family or friends who may happen to read this. He'll be greatly missed! Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 09:37, 30 June 2024 (UTC)
 * His contributions to music theory will be missed by me and others. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 13:46, 30 June 2024 (UTC)
 * One of the first people I met here, now 20 years ago. Sad - enjoyed working with him. Ave atque vale, eternal peace. Antandrus (talk) 14:57, 30 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't believe our paths ever crossed, but it's always tragic when people die so young. Rest in peace and thank you for your contributions.  AstonishingTunesAdmirer 連絡 15:22, 30 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Rest in peace. Moneytrees🏝(Talk) 21:14, 30 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Very sorry to hear. Rest in peace.  bibliomaniac 1  5  02:22, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

 * Rest in peace. Hawkeye7   (discuss)  03:07, 1 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Rest in peace; gone far too soon. Queen of Hearts  talk 02:02, 2 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Very sorry to hear. My sincere condolences. Thank you very much for your contributions in our community. Rest in peace, --Apoxyomenus (talk) 02:14, 3 July 2024 (UTC)
 * A true shame; saw Hyacinth as the creator of a lot of helpful music articles. Thank you for your contributions. Paix à son âme. Neo Purgatorio (talk) 03:30, 4 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Rest in peace. It's a shame we've never interacted. Mox Eden  (talk) 11:09, 4 July 2024 (UTC)
 * This is very sad and painful, just realizing today, I hope you find peace on the other side and gratitude for your family to bear the loss. You will be missed. Jamiebuba (talk) 09:27, 6 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Rest in Peace, Hyacinth Lotje (talk) 11:07, 6 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Memory eternal. -Ad Orientem (talk) 13:25, 6 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Rest in peace. Thanks,L3X1 ◊distænt write◊  15:13, 6 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Vale, one of the Good People. Guy (help! - typo?) 20:29, 6 July 2024 (UTC)
 * May he rest in peace. Although we have never interacted, I am saddened by Hyacinth's tragic death, especially at the young age of 42. I am sorry for his family's loss and also for your loss. 24.115.255.37 (talk) 18:32, 7 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Rest in peace, far too young. :( —Locke Cole • t • c 18:44, 7 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Rest in peace. Horrible way to die, gone too soon. Even though I have never gotten to truly meet you, I hope your contributions are appreciated in the afterlife.  TWOrantula  TM (enter the web) 03:36, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

 * I am so sorry to hear this sad news. wishing only comfort and strength to all of their many friends and colleagues and near ones. didn't know them, but i do mourn this sad loss. --Sm8900 (talk) 22:05, 11 July 2024 (UTC)
 * My wishes to their family and my gratitude for their efforts on WP and certainly elsewhere. They were one of the few editors who tackled complex music theory topics, particularly in the creation of graphs/images/diagrams, which have surely helped legions of students, not to mention professionals even. RIP –  Aza24  (talk)   19:22, 15 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I just saw this. Just wanted to share a memory that I have.  You were always friendly and civil with me even when we disagreed. That always meant a lot to me.  See you on the other side. Viriditas (talk) 09:36, 17 July 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Hyacinth


text:
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User talk:Calliope~enwiki

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Limit of a sequence

As the positive integer $n$ becomes larger and larger, the value $n\times \sin\left(\tfrac1{n}\right)$  becomes arbitrarily close to $1$. We say that "the limit of the sequence $n \times \sin\left(\tfrac1{n}\right)$ equals $1$ ."

In mathematics, the limit of a sequence is the value that the terms of a sequence "tend to", and is often denoted using the $$\lim$$ symbol (e.g., $$\lim_{n \to \infty}a_n$$). If such a limit exists, the sequence is called convergent. A sequence that does not converge is said to be divergent. The limit of a sequence is said to be the fundamental notion on which the whole of mathematical analysis ultimately rests.

Limits can be defined in any metric or topological space, but are usually first encountered in the real numbers.

History
The Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea is famous for formulating paradoxes that involve limiting processes.

Leucippus, Democritus, Antiphon, Eudoxus, and Archimedes developed the method of exhaustion, which uses an infinite sequence of approximations to determine an area or a volume. Archimedes succeeded in summing what is now called a geometric series.

Grégoire de Saint-Vincent gave the first definition of limit (terminus) of a geometric series in his work Opus Geometricum (1647): "The terminus of a progression is the end of the series, which none progression can reach, even not if she is continued in infinity, but which she can approach nearer than a given segment."

Pietro Mengoli anticipated the modern idea of limit of a sequence with his study of quasi-proportions in Geometriae speciosae elementa (1659). He used the term quasi-infinite for unbounded and quasi-null for vanishing.

Newton dealt with series in his works on Analysis with infinite series (written in 1669, circulated in manuscript, published in 1711), Method of fluxions and infinite series (written in 1671, published in English translation in 1736, Latin original published much later) and Tractatus de Quadratura Curvarum (written in 1693, published in 1704 as an Appendix to his Optiks). In the latter work, Newton considers the binomial expansion of $(x+o)^n$, which he then linearizes by taking the limit as $o$ tends to $0$.

In the 18th century, mathematicians such as Euler succeeded in summing some divergent series by stopping at the right moment; they did not much care whether a limit existed, as long as it could be calculated. At the end of the century, Lagrange in his Théorie des fonctions analytiques (1797) opined that the lack of rigour precluded further development in calculus. Gauss in his etude of hypergeometric series (1813) for the first time rigorously investigated the conditions under which a series converged to a limit.

The modern definition of a limit (for any $\varepsilon$ there exists an index $N$  so that ...) was given by Bernard Bolzano (Der binomische Lehrsatz, Prague 1816, which was little noticed at the time), and by Karl Weierstrass in the 1870s.

Real numbers

In the real numbers, a number $$L$$ is the limit of the sequence $$(x_n)$$, if the numbers in the sequence become closer and closer to $$L$$, and not to any other number.

Examples

 * If $$x_n = c$$ for constant $c$, then $$x_n \to c$$.
 * If $$x_n = \frac{1}{n}$$, then $$x_n \to 0$$.
 * If $$x_n = \frac{1}{n}$$ when $$n$$ is even, and $$x_n = \frac{1}{n^2}$$ when $$n$$ is odd, then $$x_n \to 0$$. (The fact that $$x_{n+1} > x_n$$ whenever $$n$$ is odd is irrelevant.)
 * Given any real number, one may easily construct a sequence that converges to that number by taking decimal approximations. For example, the sequence $0.3, 0.33, 0.333, 0.3333, \dots$ converges to $\frac{1}{3}$ . The decimal representation $0.3333\dots$  is the limit of the previous sequence, defined by $$ 0.3333... : = \lim_{n\to\infty} \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{3}{10^k}$$
 * Finding the limit of a sequence is not always obvious. Two examples are $$\lim_{n\to\infty} \left(1 + \tfrac{1}{n}\right)^n$$ (the limit of which is the number e) and the arithmetic–geometric mean. The squeeze theorem is often useful in the establishment of such limits.

Definition
We call $$x$$ the limit of the sequence $$(x_n)$$, which is written
 * $$x_n \to x$$, or
 * $$\lim_{n\to\infty} x_n = x$$,

if the following condition holds:
 * For each real number $$\varepsilon > 0$$, there exists a natural number $$N$$ such that, for every natural number $$n \geq N$$, we have $$|x_n - x| < \varepsilon$$.

In other words, for every measure of closeness $$\varepsilon$$, the sequence's terms are eventually that close to the limit. The sequence $$(x_n)$$ is said to converge to or tend to the limit $$x$$.

Symbolically, this is:
 * $$\forall \varepsilon > 0 \left(\exists N \in \N \left(\forall n \in \N \left(n \geq N \implies |x_n - x| < \varepsilon \right)\right)\right)$$.

If a sequence $$(x_n)$$ converges to some limit $$x$$, then it is convergent and $$x$$ is the only limit; otherwise $$(x_n)$$ is divergent. A sequence that has zero as its limit is sometimes called a null sequence.

Properties
Some other important properties of limits of real sequences include the following:
 * When it exists, the limit of a sequence is unique.
 * Limits of sequences behave well with respect to the usual arithmetic operations. If $$\lim_{n\to\infty} a_n$$ and $$\lim_{n\to\infty} b_n$$ exists, then
 * $$\lim_{n\to\infty} (a_n \pm b_n) = \lim_{n\to\infty} a_n \pm \lim_{n\to\infty} b_n$$
 * $$\lim_{n\to\infty} c a_n = c \cdot \lim_{n\to\infty} a_n$$
 * $$\lim_{n\to\infty} (a_n \cdot b_n) = \left(\lim_{n\to\infty} a_n \right)\cdot \left( \lim_{n\to\infty} b_n \right)$$
 * $$\lim_{n\to\infty} \left(\frac{a_n}{b_n}\right) = \frac{\lim\limits_{n\to\infty} a_n}{\lim\limits_{n\to\infty} b_n}$$ provided $$\lim_{n\to\infty} b_n \ne 0$$
 * $$\lim_{n\to\infty} a_n^p = \left( \lim_{n\to\infty} a_n \right)^p$$

 * For any continuous function $f$, if $$\lim_{n\to\infty}x_n$$ exists, then $$\lim_{n\to\infty} f \left(x_n \right)$$ exists too. In fact, any real-valued function $f$  is continuous if and only if it preserves the limits of sequences (though this is not necessarily true when using more general notions of continuity).

 * If $$a_n \leq b_n$$ for all $$n$$ greater than some $$N$$, then $$\lim_{n\to\infty} a_n \leq \lim_{n\to\infty} b_n$$.
 * (Squeeze theorem) If $$a_n \leq c_n \leq b_n$$ for all $$n$$ greater than some $$N$$, and $$\lim_{n\to\infty} a_n = \lim_{n\to\infty} b_n = L$$, then $$\lim_{n\to\infty} c_n = L$$.
 * (Monotone convergence theorem) If $$a_n$$ is bounded and monotonic for all $$n$$ greater than some $$N$$, then it is convergent.
 * A sequence is convergent if and only if every subsequence is convergent.
 * If every subsequence of a sequence has its own subsequence which converges to the same point, then the original sequence converges to that point.

These properties are extensively used to prove limits, without the need to directly use the cumbersome formal definition. For example, once it is proven that $$1/n \to 0$$, it becomes easy to show—using the properties above—that $$\frac{a}{b+\frac{c}{n}} \to \frac{a}{b}$$ (assuming that $$b \ne 0$$).

Infinite limits
A sequence $$(x_n)$$ is said to tend to infinity, written
 * $$x_n \to \infty$$, or
 * $$\lim_{n\to\infty}x_n = \infty$$,

if the following holds:
 * For every real number $$K$$, there is a natural number $$N$$ such that for every natural number $$n \geq N$$, we have $$x_n > K$$; that is, the sequence terms are eventually larger than any fixed $$K$$.

Symbolically, this is:
 * $$\forall K \in \mathbb{R} \left(\exists N \in \N \left(\forall n \in \N \left(n \geq N \implies x_n > K \right)\right)\right)$$.

Similarly, we say a sequence tends to minus infinity, written
 * $$x_n \to -\infty$$, or
 * $$\lim_{n\to\infty}x_n = -\infty$$,

if the following holds:
 * For every real number $$K$$, there is a natural number $$N$$ such that for every natural number $$n \geq N$$, we have $$x_n < K$$; that is, the sequence terms are eventually smaller than any fixed $$K$$.

Symbolically, this is:
 * $$\forall K \in \mathbb{R} \left(\exists N \in \N \left(\forall n \in \N \left(n \geq N \implies x_n < K \right)\right)\right)$$.

If a sequence tends to infinity or minus infinity, then it is divergent. However, a divergent sequence need not tend to plus or minus infinity, and the sequence $$x_n=(-1)^n$$ provides one such example.

Definition
A point $$x$$ of the metric space $$(X, d)$$ is the limit of the sequence $$(x_n)$$ if:
 * For each real number $$\varepsilon > 0$$, there is a natural number $$N$$ such that, for every natural number $$n \geq N$$, we have $$d(x_n, x) < \varepsilon $$.

Symbolically, this is:
 * $$\forall \varepsilon > 0 \left(\exists N \in \N \left(\forall n \in \N \left(n \geq N \implies d(x_n, x) < \varepsilon \right)\right)\right)$$.

This coincides with the definition given for real numbers when $$X = \R$$ and $$d(x, y) = |x-y|$$.

Properties

 * When it exists, the limit of a sequence is unique, as distinct points are separated by some positive distance, so for $$\varepsilon $$ less than half this distance, sequence terms cannot be within a distance $$\varepsilon $$ of both points.

 * For any continuous function f, if $$\lim_{n \to \infty} x_n$$ exists, then $$\lim_{n \to \infty} f(x_n) = f\left(\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n \right)$$. In fact, a function f is continuous if and only if it preserves the limits of sequences.

Cauchy sequences

A Cauchy sequence is a sequence whose terms ultimately become arbitrarily close together, after sufficiently many initial terms have been discarded. The notion of a Cauchy sequence is important in the study of sequences in metric spaces, and, in particular, in real analysis. One particularly important result in real analysis is the Cauchy criterion for convergence of sequences: a sequence of real numbers is convergent if and only if it is a Cauchy sequence. This remains true in other complete metric spaces.

Definition
A point $$x \in X$$ of the topological space $$(X, \tau)$$ is a ' or ' of the sequence $$\left(x_n\right)_{n \in \N}$$ if:
 * For every neighbourhood $$U$$ of $$x$$, there exists some $$N \in \N$$ such that for every $$n \geq N$$, we have $$x_n \in U$$.

This coincides with the definition given for metric spaces, if $$(X, d)$$ is a metric space and $$\tau$$ is the topology generated by $$d$$.

A limit of a sequence of points $$\left(x_n\right)_{n \in \N}$$ in a topological space $$T$$ is a special case of a limit of a function: the domain is $$\N$$ in the space $$\N \cup \lbrace + \infty \rbrace$$, with the induced topology of the affinely extended real number system, the range is $$T$$, and the function argument $$n$$ tends to $$+\infty$$, which in this space is a limit point of $$\N$$.

Properties
In a Hausdorff space, limits of sequences are unique whenever they exist. This need not be the case in non-Hausdorff spaces; in particular, if two points $$x$$ and $$y$$ are topologically indistinguishable, then any sequence that converges to $$x$$ must converge to $$y$$ and vice versa.

Hyperreal numbers
The definition of the limit using the hyperreal numbers formalizes the intuition that for a "very large" value of the index, the corresponding term is "very close" to the limit. More precisely, a real sequence $$(x_n)$$ tends to L if for every infinite hypernatural $H$, the term $$x_H$$ is infinitely close to $L$ (i.e., the difference $$x_H - L$$ is infinitesimal). Equivalently, L is the standard part of $$x_H$$:
 * $$ L = {\rm st}(x_H)$$.

Thus, the limit can be defined by the formula
 * $$\lim_{n \to \infty} x_n= {\rm st}(x_H)$$.

where the limit exists if and only if the righthand side is independent of the choice of an infinite $H$ .

Sequence of more than one index
Sometimes one may also consider a sequence with more than one index, for example, a double sequence $$(x_{n, m})$$. This sequence has a limit $$L$$ if it becomes closer and closer to $$L$$ when both n and m becomes very large.

Example

 * If $$x_{n, m} = c$$ for constant $c$, then $$x_{n,m} \to c$$.
 * If $$x_{n, m} = \frac{1}{n + m}$$, then $$x_{n, m} \to 0$$.
 * If $$x_{n, m} = \frac{n}{n + m}$$, then the limit does not exist. Depending on the relative "growing speed" of $n$ and $m$, this sequence can get closer to any value between $0$  and $1$.

Definition
We call $$x$$ the double limit of the sequence $$(x_{n, m})$$, written
 * $$x_{n, m} \to x$$, or
 * $$\lim_{\begin{smallmatrix}

n \to \infty \\ m \to \infty \end{smallmatrix}} x_{n, m} = x$$,

if the following condition holds:
 * For each real number $$\varepsilon > 0$$, there exists a natural number $$N$$ such that, for every pair of natural numbers $$n, m \geq N$$, we have $$|x_{n, m} - x| < \varepsilon$$.

In other words, for every measure of closeness $$\varepsilon$$, the sequence's terms are eventually that close to the limit. The sequence $$(x_{n, m})$$ is said to converge to or tend to the limit $$x$$.

Symbolically, this is:
 * $$\forall \varepsilon > 0 \left(\exists N \in \N \left(\forall n, m \in \N \left(n, m \geq N \implies |x_{n, m} - x| < \varepsilon \right)\right)\right) $$.

The double limit is different from taking limit in n first, and then in m. The latter is known as iterated limit. Given that both the double limit and the iterated limit exists, they have the same value. However, it is possible that one of them exist but the other does not.

Infinite limits
A sequence $$(x_{n,m})$$ is said to tend to infinity, written
 * $$x_{n,m} \to \infty$$, or
 * $$\lim_{\begin{smallmatrix}

n \to \infty \\ m \to \infty \end{smallmatrix}}x_{n,m} = \infty$$, if the following holds:
 * For every real number $$K$$, there is a natural number $$N$$ such that for every pair of natural numbers $$n,m \geq N$$, we have $$x_{n,m} > K$$; that is, the sequence terms are eventually larger than any fixed $$K$$.

Symbolically, this is:
 * $$\forall K \in \mathbb{R} \left(\exists N \in \N \left(\forall n, m \in \N \left(n, m \geq N \implies x_{n, m} > K \right)\right)\right)$$.

Similarly, a sequence $$(x_{n,m})$$ tends to minus infinity, written
 * $$x_{n,m} \to -\infty$$, or
 * $$\lim_{\begin{smallmatrix}

n \to \infty \\ m \to \infty \end{smallmatrix}}x_{n,m} = -\infty$$, if the following holds:
 * For every real number $$K$$, there is a natural number $$N$$ such that for every pair of natural numbers $$n,m \geq N$$, we have $$x_{n,m} < K$$; that is, the sequence terms are eventually smaller than any fixed $$K$$.

Symbolically, this is:
 * $$\forall K \in \mathbb{R} \left(\exists N \in \N \left(\forall n, m \in \N \left(n, m \geq N \implies x_{n, m} < K \right)\right)\right)$$.

If a sequence tends to infinity or minus infinity, then it is divergent. However, a divergent sequence need not tend to plus or minus infinity, and the sequence $$x_{n,m}=(-1)^{n+m}$$ provides one such example.

Pointwise limits and uniform limits
For a double sequence $$(x_{n,m})$$, we may take limit in one of the indices, say, $$n \to \infty$$, to obtain a single sequence $$(y_m)$$. In fact, there are two possible meanings when taking this limit. The first one is called pointwise limit, denoted

 * $$x_{n, m} \to y_m\quad \text{pointwise}$$, or
 * $$\lim_{n \to \infty} x_{n, m} = y_m\quad \text{pointwise}$$,

which means:

 * For each real number $$\varepsilon > 0$$ and each fixed natural number $$m$$, there exists a natural number $$N(\varepsilon, m) > 0$$ such that, for every natural number $$n \geq N$$, we have $$|x_{n, m} - y_m| < \varepsilon$$.

Symbolically, this is:
 * $$\forall \varepsilon > 0 \left( \forall m \in \mathbb{N} \left(\exists N \in \N \left(\forall n \in \N \left(n \geq N \implies |x_{n, m} - y_m| < \varepsilon \right)\right)\right)\right)$$.

When such a limit exists, we say the sequence $$(x_{n, m})$$ converges pointwise to $$(y_m)$$.

The second one is called uniform limit, denoted

 * $$x_{n, m} \to y_m \quad \text{uniformly}$$,
 * $$\lim_{n \to \infty} x_{n, m} = y_m \quad \text{uniformly}$$,
 * $$x_{n, m} \rightrightarrows y_m $$, or
 * $$\underset{n\to\infty}{\mathrm{unif} \lim} \; x_{n, m} = y_m $$,

which means:

 * For each real number $$\varepsilon > 0$$, there exists a natural number $$N(\varepsilon) > 0$$ such that, for every natural number $$m$$ and for every natural number $$n \geq N$$, we have $$|x_{n, m} - y_m| < \varepsilon$$.

Symbolically, this is:
 * $$\forall \varepsilon > 0 \left(\exists N \in \N \left( \forall m \in \mathbb{N} \left(\forall n \in \N \left(n \geq N \implies |x_{n, m} - y_m| < \varepsilon \right)\right)\right)\right)$$.

In this definition, the choice of $$N$$ is independent of $$m$$. In other words, the choice of $$N$$ is uniformly applicable to all natural numbers $$m$$. Hence, one can easily see that uniform convergence is a stronger property than pointwise convergence: the existence of uniform limit implies the existence and equality of pointwise limit:

 * If $$x_{n, m} \to y_m$$ uniformly, then $$x_{n, m} \to y_m$$ pointwise.

When such a limit exists, we say the sequence $$(x_{n, m})$$ converges uniformly to $$(y_m)$$.

Iterated limit
For a double sequence $$(x_{n,m})$$, we may take limit in one of the indices, say, $$n \to \infty$$, to obtain a single sequence $$(y_m)$$, and then take limit in the other index, namely $$m \to \infty$$, to get a number $$y$$. Symbolically,
 * $$\lim_{m \to \infty} \lim_{n \to \infty} x_{n, m} = \lim_{m \to \infty} y_m = y$$.

This limit is known as iterated limit of the double sequence. The order of taking limits may affect the result, i.e.,

 * $$\lim_{m \to \infty} \lim_{n \to \infty} x_{n, m} \ne \lim_{n \to \infty} \lim_{m \to \infty} x_{n, m}$$ in general.

A sufficient condition of equality is given by the Moore-Osgood theorem, which requires the limit $$\lim_{n \to \infty}x_{n, m} = y_m$$ to be uniform in $m$.

title: Limit of a sequence


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User talk:Traal

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Big Design Up Front== ==

Hey, thanks heaps for the edit on Big Design Up Front, it's probably something I should have noted in the first place. Very helpful, thanks. GeorgeBills 11:05, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Proposed deletion of Adolf Schulz-Evler

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User talk:HuckFinn~enwiki

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User talk:Apalmer

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User talk:Lfwlfw

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I most definitely do like the place! Thanks for the pointers. LarryW 10:03, 1 Aug 2003 (UTC)

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User talk:Modersbach

Join WikiProject Koei Warriors Games!
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User talk:Jakub~enwiki

I elect to remain a man of mystery.

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User talk:Ricebucket

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Nomination of Crystal Cavern for deletion
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User talk:Gymnos

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IBM 1620
You added the following to the article on the IBM 1620:
 * Since the punch side of the card reader-punch didn't print the characters across the top of the cards, one had to take any output decks over to a separate machine that read the cards and typed each one on an electric typewriter.

I do not recall an IBM machine that printed on cards using an electric typewriter. Do you recall what machine you used? We had an alphabetic interpreter that would print 60 columns of the card on the card (if you needed all 80, you had to run the cards through it twice using 2 different plugboards), it definitely was not using a typewriter mechanism. Listings were generated using an IBM 407 accounting machine, it used print wheels. -- RTC (talk) 18:19, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

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User talk:YeshivaResearch2

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Reverse migration (birds)

Reverse migration, also called reverse misorientation, is a phenomenon whereby a bird migrates in the opposite direction to that typical of its species during the spring or autumn.

For example, if a bird breeding in central Asia reverses its normal southeasterly migration, as shown by the orange arrow, it will end up in Western Europe instead of South East Asia. This mechanism may lead to birds such as Pallas's leaf warblers turning up thousands of kilometres from where they should be. Keith Vinicombe suggested that birds from east of Lake Baikal in Siberia (circled) could not occur in western Europe because their migration routes were too north–south. Most of these lost young birds perish in unsuitable wintering grounds, but there is some evidence that a few survive, and either re-orient in successive winters, or even return to the same area. Many birds that detour from their regular migration patterns find themselves in adverse wintering circumstances, so a considerable number may not survive. However, there is compelling evidence that a tiny percentage adapt and survive in their unusual wintering locations. In subsequent winters, they may re-orient themselves, eventually making their way back to more favorable environments. Some individuals may even return to the same region in consecutive years, demonstrating migratory birds' adaptability and tenacity.

Reverse migration as genetic or learned behaviour
Some large birds, such as swans, learn migration routes from their parents. However, in most small species, such as passerines, the route is genetically programmed, and young birds navigate innately to their wintering area.

As migration is most often genetically programmed before birth, there can be rare variations and defects that change the migration programming. These variations will account for some but not all reverse migration cases. Birds that have changed their migration path, if they survive, may breed with others who also follow this different migration route. Their offspring and subsequent generations may now follow the new, genetically programmed migration route.

Genetic variations may be triggered by a range of factors, including mutations in the genes responsible for the sensing of environmental cues such as photoperiod (day length) or geomagnetic fields, which birds use for navigation. Other factors, such as changes in habitat availability, food sources, or climate conditions, may also contribute to changes in migration patterns. These genetic and environmental influences can lead to the rare but intriguing phenomenon.

Tracking radar
A single bird can be tracked using a manually operated tracking radar to understand the target's position and trajectory and to predict where it will arrive. As the bird flaps its wings, the echo can be recorded and compared to patterns to understand flight patterns and changes in flight patterns. Tracking radar was primarily used to monitor specific individuals during nocturnal migration. Many bird species, particularly songbirds, engage in nocturnal migratory flights, which have historically been difficult to trace. Manual tracking radar allows monitoring and recording of the flight patterns of these birds at night, when they are most active.

This technology has transformed the study of bird migration, providing scientists with a better knowledge of the routes, rest stops, and habits of many bird species on their lengthy treks. It has also enabled the detection of certain movement pathways and patterns that would have gone undiscovered otherwise. Manual monitoring radar data not only enhances our understanding of bird behavior, but it also plays an important role in avian conservation efforts and the protection of critical stopover sites along migration routes.

Radio telemetry
A miniature transmitter is attached to the subject animal and emits a very high frequency signal (30–300 MHz) that can be picked up by one or more receivers. For studying the movement of birds around Falsterbo bird observatory, a migration hotspot south-west of Sweden, three receivers were used to triangulate and track the birds.

The combination of small transmitters and triangulation via many receivers has transformed the area of avian studies, allowing scientists to unearth minute data about bird behavior, navigation, and habitat utilization. This knowledge, in turn, helps to conserve and safeguard critical bird stopping locations and migratory corridors.

Ringing
Bird ringers attach a permanent lightweight metal band with an identification number to the bird's foot in a way that does not impair movement. This identification number is reported by people who find or catch the bird, providing movement and history information that can indicate how old the bird is and where it has been. Birds are usually caught in mist nets to be measured and banded.

Additionally, bird banding provides critical information about the migration patterns of birds. When a banded bird is encountered in a location far from where it was initially banded, it indicates long-distance movements and migration routes. This data is essential for conservation efforts, as it helps identify stopover locations and key habitats that are crucial for the survival of migratory birds.

Opposite direction or random directions?
Reverse migration is widespread around the world and occurs for many species that migrate both by night and day. This irregular migration direction is most often approximately opposite to what is typical, rather than in a random direction. It occurs not only in species migrating to tropical areas in winter, but also in temperate-zone migrants, short irruptive food migrants, and in both short-distance and long-distance migrants.

However, an article in British Birds by James Gilroy and Alexander Lees notes that while misorientation primarily occurs in the approximately opposite direction, it can also occur in random directions. These random directions could be partly the result of genetic variations or abnormalities. Birds that adopt and continue to migrate in this atypical direction have been called pseudo-vagrancy migrators. Some species are more prone to pseudo-vagrancy migration: yellow-breasted bunting, for example, is considered to be less prone to pseudo-vagrancy than, say, yellow-browed warbler.

Solitary reverse migration during the night
A study carried out in Falsterbo, Sweden, concluded that solitary birds migrating during the night were more likely to reverse migrate west (when east is the regular migratory path), rather than to the north in birds that normally migrate south. By only examining species that migrate solitarily during the night, they eliminated the possibly of group migration, where birds could be influenced by the behaviour of others.

Reverse migration due to inadequate fat stores
Reverse migration is more likely to occur in individuals with relatively low fat stores. Thrushes migrating southwards were radio-tracked to examine when and why some individuals, during a stopover along the northern coast of Mexico, would not continue south but fly inland northerly. Birds that changed their normal migration were almost all found to be lean and low on fat stores. This may indicate that the normal stopover location had inadequate resources for the birds to build up fat reserves, so leaner birds may have moved inland and northwards in search of more food.

A study of red knots noted that reverse migration of 200 km has been frequently documented over the last 10 years. This study found no significant difference in body mass, fat stores or sex for these reverse migrating birds, but found that they had significantly lower hematocrit (the percentage of red blood cells). It has been observed that birds increase their hematocrit before consuming large amounts of food for fat stores, which could explain why these birds chose to travel 200 km in reverse to access high-quality softshell prey to supply fat and increase their hematocrit before long migrations.

Reverse migration to avoid flying over large expanses of water
Reverse migration is occasionally observed in Door County, Wisconsin. When broad-winged hawks traveling north reach the tip of the Door Peninsula and the islands beyond, the long stretches of water sometimes unnerve them. Instead of crossing over to the Garden Peninsula, they turn around and fly back down the peninsula.

title: Reverse migration (birds)


text:
Toon Hermans

Antoine Gerard Theodore "Toon" Hermans (17 December 1916 – 22 April 2000) was a noted Dutch comedian, singer and writer.

Biography
Toon Hermans was born in Sittard. He began performing in the 1930s, achieving local, regional and, eventually, national fame in the Netherlands as a comedian during the post-war decades. Together with Wim Sonneveld and Wim Kan he was considered one of the "Great Three" of Dutch cabaret during the 1950s and 1960s.

While Sonneveld became known for more serious, more searching kinds of cabaret as well as expansion into other areas of amusement such as musicals, and while Kan focused more and more on purely political satire, Toon Hermans remained true to his one lifetime love: simple home-grown humor, the ability to make people laugh. His humor was of a disarmingly genuine kind. His one-man shows usually consisted of stories he would tell, often based on the life of his youth in a small town in Limburg, with a typical panoply of family members, neighbours, friends (some enemies), cats and dogs, which he presented in an irresistibly hilarious manner; and interspersed with simple, charming, crystal clear songs about life, love, and happiness.

Subsequent generations of Dutch cabaret artists, and the theater critics of the 1970s and 1980s, were not much impressed by Hermans' unpretentious, politically and socially disengaged entertainment, but his fan base remained very large and his road shows continued to attract very large crowds.

As was the case for other cabaret artists, the transition from theatrical performance to television shows was associated with ups and downs, and some believe that the most deeply felt and enduring appeal of his shows was lost in the latter medium, but he nevertheless achieved significant successes even on television, his one-man show in 1967 supposedly having been watched by 6 million – half the population of the Netherlands at the time.

After the death of his wife and lifelong companion Rita Weijtboer in 1990 it appeared that his career had ended, but in 1992 he surprised friends and foes by starting a new tour with a whole new show, different in nature from any he had done before. While the second half of the program was the same kind of straightforward, nonsensical humor that had always been his hallmark, the first half of the new show entitled "Ik heb je lief" (a deeper statement than "I love you", not unlike "I love thee") consisted only of songs, in a mixture of simple jazz and French-style "chanson", that were tributes to love and, indirectly, to his late wife. To the delight of his fans, he toured with this show for about one year, when one evening in Haarlem he broke down during the program and had to cancel the remainder of the tour. As he himself explained, the sadness over his loss had finally caught up with him. He was nonetheless able to return to the stage a few years later with a new show, and remained active for several more years until his death in 2000.

Many of his shows have been recorded, starting with his one-man show in 1958. There have also been quite a number of publications of collections of poems of his hand. These collections started with simple poems, or rather, rhymes, that were humorous but sometimes contained a more serious note; but later it appeared that Hermans may have tried to create more serious poetry, which was not altogether successful (and perhaps it was not he, but his publishers, who tried to put this spin on things).

Hermans' humor was typically Dutch, or rather, typical for the southern part of the Netherlands; and was also appreciated in Flanders. Moreover, during the late 1950s and 1960s he had considerable success touring in Germany and Austria with a German-language show. He also produced an English-language show in the late 1960s that was test-run in Canada but it appears that the show never made it to Broadway.

Among his many memorable contributions, perhaps none are as widely recognized as the song "Vierentwintig rozen" – "Twenty-four roses", included in many of his one-man shows over the decades. This song consists of a long listing of completely unrelated but numbered items "three little boys playing football in the alley way – 16 sailboats anchored in the sun-lit bay" and on and on and on (and different ones for each new version of his show); and then ending with "and Twenty-four roses, Twenty-four roses, Twenty-four roses – for you". It became almost as a ritual when the first notes of this song were played by the orchestra, the audiences would erupt in a loud ovation, and Hermans would once again delight his audience with his signature mixture of humor, genuine feeling, mastery of words, love of the theater, and love of life.

title: Toon Hermans