text:
Talk:Tobacco pipe/Archive 1

Invention
How could the pipe have been invented in Ireland in the Dark Ages when America (and therefore tobacco) had not been discovered by Europeans yet?Furby100 00:17, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Pipes are not only used in tobacco smoking. Thebriarsage 20:07, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

It wasn't, for example, the well documented Hopewell effigy pipes dating 2000 years BP.  Mesoamerican pipes as seen here- - not sure of a date on those, but definately precolumbian. I assume that other examples can be found predating the "dark ages" from all over the world, but i don't have time to investigate right now. As such I'm removing the section based on this evidence and adding the expert attention template. Kaoticvibe 05:36, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

If anyone is still interested in this, someone created Pipe smoking which answers these questions. Frotz661 04:45, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

Possible copyright infringement
The text in the section "How To Pack & Light A Pipe" appears at the following URL: http://www.smokingpipes.com/information/howto/packing.cfm

Qwirty

 * Removed -- Jim Regan 02:41 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

There is no copyright infringement. I am the original author and copyright owner of How To Pack & Light A Pipe", and the owner of the www.smokingpipes.com domain.

 * Added -- Jon Tillman 11:56 30 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Ideas for content expansion

 * famous pipes and/or smokers in fact and fiction (Sherlock Holmes)
 * slang (pipe dream, etc)
 * ritual uses (peace pipe)
 * varieties (briar (bruyere), clay, corn cob, Meerschaum, hookah, bong)
 * similar devices (cigarette holder)
 * some social context (historical use, acceptibility)
 * expand on the "similar substances"...
 * expand on the different types of tobacco used

Moved here to clean up look of main page. Dogface 22:35, 9 Dec 2003 (UTC)

History
I would like to know something about the pipe history. Eg. where found the oldest pipe known, and how old it was.

Health effects
219.77.96.182 02:48, 8 March 2007 (UTC)Each of the tobacco smoking articles I've seen on wikipedia appear to have been written by the sort of clowns who buy failing smoke shops in inferior university towns and sit in the back on their fat ass smoking Balkan Sobranie while selling drugs and porn to kids to balance the books. They seem to be written from the POV that there are no ill health effects from smoking, and there are, apart from the fact that it is an ugly and colonialist habit which blinds the soul. Par for the course for an "encyclopedia" sponsored by a political nutcase and ex-pornographer, maintained and monitored by convenience store clerks, God wallopers and Hitler youth.

Does anyone know more about the health effects? It would be nice to know how much nicotine and harmful substances pipe tobacco has compared to cigarettes. Also, when smoking pipes and cigars people just taste them, but when smoking cigarettes people inhale them, right? Would that mean that smoking cigars and pipes is generally not as bad than smoking cigarettes?

well, even though it's generally said that tobacco pipe and cigar users don't inhale, i believe most of them do. the difference is almost all cigarette smokers inhale every drag Iamnobody2 08:46, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

You believe most cigar and pipe smokers inhale? Based on what? Frotz661 18:49, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

All the pipe smokers I know inhale (granted not on every pull), including myself. This is the first time I've ever heard the claim that they don't. JebusHCripes 00:59, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

According to what I see in alt.smokers.pipes, inhaling is rare. None of the pipe smokers I know inhale. Frotz661 06:31, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

I added a 'See Also' link to the article dealing with the health effects of tobacco smoking. There is material there regarding the health problems related to pipe smoking. Hookah smoking is actually worse than both cigarettes and pipes. A single sitting is like smoking an entire pack of cigarettes.

 * Purportedly speaking for pipe smokers, the prominent right-wing talk-show host (RWTSH) Dennis Prager said on his program, "We don't inhale." He also bragged of teaching his son the art of pipe-smoking before age 18.

 * Actually, though, they do-- the ETS (side-stream smoke), later, if they're in their car, at the desk, or at the Golden Microphone-- and cold instead of hot.

 * The problem with hookahs is that those ARE for inhaling, and they have a big bowl so the material is burned very hot.

 * For further discussion of inhalant smoking please see [[Talk:Introduction to Bioethics ([])66.99.0.254 (talk) 02:15, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I noticed the addition to 'See Also' was already removed. I put it back up unless someone can think of a good reason why a link to the health effects of tobacco smoking should not be added.

 * Let's try it again.

 * Stop removing the link.

 * Is there some reason this keeps getting pulled down? I'm thinking not NPOV is the reasoning. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 66.191.17.168 (talk) 13:17, 27 March 2007 (UTC).

 * There is a growing resentment of nanny statism and the tendency for warning labels to appear seemingly everywhere. The fact that your addition keeps getting removed is an expression of this resentment.  I suggest you stop.  Those who have adopted this article, by and large, don't appreciate your additions.  Frotz 20:37, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * "Resentment of Nanny statism" is not NPOV and therefore is not consistant with Wikipedia. This article is about tobacco smoking and therefore a 'See Also' to the health effects of said practice is totally consistant with Wikipedia.  You are wrong and it needs to be included.  I added a See Also link directly to the applicable section.  Unless someone can present a NPOV reason why it shouldn't be there, it should stay.

 * It is hardly nanny statist to include the medical findings on the topic. If you look at the other articles on tobacco consumption (e.g. cigarettes, smokeless tobacco), there is a mention or a link regarding the medical implications of the practice.66.191.17.168 17:42, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * A third to half of those articles is devoted to medical implications. Are you implying that this article should follow suit?  Frotz 20:06, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Not in the least. I am stating that a 'See Also' link to the appropriate section in the appropriate article is all we should add.  Nothing more, nothing less.  There may be good argument of not cluttering up this article with the health issues provided that a simple link to the topic is included.  To do otherwise would make the article incomplete.

 * With respect to the other articles cited, I have not contributed to the contents, so will leave that up to their respective authors. 66.191.17.168 20:46, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Metal pipes and associated Health Effects
Regarding the section on metal pipes, the article reads: "All metals create odors when heated and although the metals themselves can withstand tempertures of thousands of degrees they still release harmfull toxins when heated." And regarding copper "on the bottom of the list is copper which is extremely reactant and and can create malicious chemicals when triggered by one of the thousands of chemicals inherent in any smoke." References to material demonstrating this information in detail would enhance the value of this article. justinshogg

just a thought
when reading through this page it seems that it was written by a pothead. metal and glass pipes have the most detailed descriptions, and cannabis is mentioned quite a bit. Seems like a nonsmoker reading this would then associate all pipes with pot.

\

I wrote the metal portion and I'll tell you what, it's true. Whip out a metal pipe in front of a cop and try to convince him right there it's used for tobbaco, he'll sniff it, he'll open it up and look for loose bits of marijuana. You will hardly ever EVER have this problem with a "leisure" pipe like wood or corn-cob.

I'm sorry I don't have a source in writing, merely life experience.

 * This is true, but it doesn't mean that, by looking at this article, it doesn't screams marijuana use and belittles tobacco. Just goes to show that the population of pipe tobacco smokers is on the all-to known decline. Take a look at the German version of this article, they'll be able to teach you something about the art of pipe smoking. TheExile 04:34, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

Frotz661 06:32, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Since you seem to know German, how about if you translate some of that article to the English one?

Contradiction?
The Health Hazards bit first says that nicotine addiction is rarely involved with pipe smoking, but then goes on to say that it is easy to create a nicotine addiction while smoking. Which is it?

Have a signature for your comments!
Please sign off whenever you guys leave a message on the talk pages. It lets the other users know you who are and your comments will gain more credibility. Thank You! -- S iva1979 Talk to me  01:58, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Creating a tobacco pipe section

 * Just like a beer stein would have a separate page from a beaker, shouldn’t drug pipes and tobacco pipes have separate pages? Thebriarsage 14:49, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd like this, but I see problems. How would you put the division?  What do you name the new page?  "Drug_pipe"?  You may run afoul of the head pipe shop owners who insist their wares are for tobacco only.  Frotz661 06:36, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, I made the new page. So far it seems acceptable.  Frotz661 18:14, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

Pyrolytic graphite pipes
Pyrolytic graphite (ie The Pipe by Venturi) is certainly worth mention here given how often it pops up on alt.smokers.pipes and other forums. The site http://thepipe.info/ is not commercial, but is clearly by a collector of The Pipe. Note that The Pipe hasn't been manufactured since 1975. In this context, it doesn't matter if a pipe is lined with graphite or is entirely graphite. Frotz661 07:11, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

Weird placement of pictures
How did the pictures in this article get placed so oddly? Rather than being part of their section, the pictures are at the end of the section before it. I'll go ahead and fix this. Frotz661 06:46, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

"Use" section
The entire "Use" section is a how-to guide on packing, lighting, cleaning, etc., which is a clear violation of WP:NOT. If nobody objects this section should be removed. -- Schaefer (talk) 22:26, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

I think it should be left alone for now. The ideal place is Wikihowto, but that place doesn't seem entirely stable yet. I've registered there as "Frotz" and will tinker when I get the time. Frotz661 05:40, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Since it was taken directly from smokingpipes.com (see above on this page), the information will still be available there if we remove it from our article. Which seems like a good idea, since we aren't a how-to guide.  Not sure if transwiki would be acceptable copyright-wise, since it we only got permission to reuse the material here (and I kind of doubt that that unsigned comment is legally kosher, anyhow).  128.163.112.121 19:18, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I just now emailed the owner of smokingpipes.com about this concern. Frotz661 22:44, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Negative Health effects of smoking pipe
There is no section on the negative health effects of smoking pipe. Both first hand and second hand smoke impact negatively on health. And yet Hookah smokers do inhale! sometimes deeply. Before I add a section, I want to see a discussion here. --- Skapur 02:04, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

 * This article is not about hookahs. There is already an article on Health effects of tobacco smoking which covers your concerns.  There is already a discussion above at Talk:Smoking pipe.  Frotz661 03:33, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
 * But Hookahs are mentioned in the article. Also, no article on smoking anything is complete without mentioning the negative health affects of smoking.  The discussion above in Talk:Smoking pipe was a general question and not about changing text in the article.  Discussion on a talk page is not the same as including text in an article.  What I would like to propose is to include summary information in a section in the article and then provide a link at the top of the section using the main template as in main article: Health effects of tobacco smoking --- Skapur 06:50, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Personally I think the hookah section should be removed because of irrelevance. I pointed out the discussion already in progress because the issue is... already in progress.  Why is Health effects of tobacco smoking insufficient?  Frotz661 08:51, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree, I think anyone who has access to wikipedia already knows the health effects of smoking. Numerous articles are already dedicated to the topic of discussing the health effects. It is clutter, there is a link at the bottom of the article.

Is there a reason narghille is used in the section on hookahs as another name for it? Why is this important? I understand it is the Hebrew word for it, but we aren't listing it's name in every known language. Does any English speaking person outside of Israel or Jews who've vsited Israel call hookahs narghillot? Shia1 16:21, 3 January 2007 (UTC)
 * The word "narghile" is used frequently in English literature. --S Roper 19:04, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

Merge Into One Smoking Pipe Article
Why is there two separate articles? Tobacco is a drug like cannabis or opium. There is no reason to have a separate article for tobacco unless we have a separate article for cannabis pipe smoking, opium pipe smoking, ect. Tobacco being a legal drug doesn't make any difference. Wikipedia isn't meant to show things from a government's perspective but rather through the perspective of what is considered in the general scientific community as correct (whether or not we agree is regardless of the point). Tobacco has no special status in the scientific community.

Therefore, these articles should be merged, it doesn't make much sense to keep them separate. Zachorious 18:20, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

I oppose and have put my reasons at Talk:Smoking pipe (non-tobacco)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

withdrawn Patstuarttalk 01:31, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Smoking pipe (tobacco) → Smoking pipe — This page was moved from Smoking pipe to smoking pipe (tobacco) by Zachorious without talking about the issue. The question was about whether or not to merge smoking pipe (non-tobacco) with this one. Suddenly renaming this article without even suggesting that you'd do it shows extremely poor judgement. Unfortunately I cannot simply undo the move because the original page was replaced with a disambiguation page, necessitating a post to Requested_moves asking for the job to be done manually. Frotz661 06:22, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Survey

 * Add  # Support   or   # Oppose   on a new line in the appropriate section followed by a brief explanation, then sign your opinion using ~ .  Please remember that this survey is not a vote, and please provide an explanation for your recommendation. Frotz661 06:22, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Survey - in support of the move

 * 1) Support per nomination. "Smoking pipe (non-tobacco)" seems to be an unnecessary content fork and its information should be merged into smoking pipe or other relevant articles... —   AjaxSmack     19:00, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Survey - in opposition to the move

 * 1) Below in the Discussion section, we've agreed to do something of an overhaul of all the pipe smoking articles.  Frotz661 23:20, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments:

 * ...and agree that the previous move of smoking pipe to smoking pipe (tobacco) should not have been made without a move request. —  AjaxSmack     19:00, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I thought the move was pretty straightforward, that is why I didn't ask for a move request. This article deals with tobacco pipe smoking and not pipe smoking in general. The new title is what article is about. Zachorious 09:20, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I figured out how to reverse the changes without losing the edit history. Frotz661 19:42, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Whoops. That didn't work.  We'll still have to wait for an admin.  Frotz661 19:52, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

 * There is no need to. The title "smoking pipe" would not be accurate because this article does not deal with smoking pipes in general. Rather it deals with smoking pipes for tobacco. It would be foolish to undo the edit just because we didn't talk about it before hand. Since you consider this change so radical that a move request was needed, we will discuss any future rename. But for now the article is fine how it is. The other article however needs to be broken down. If not we should just merge all smoking pipe articles. Zachorious 05:18, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't necessarily have a problem with the renaming either. I do have a problem when someone goes off and does something as radical as a page move without giving anyone a chance to comment on it, assuming that nobody will have a problem.  When you did it, you broke a lot of pages that will have to be manually corrected to point at smoking pipe (tobacco).  Because of a lack of expertise in the field, I have no opinion on breaking up smoking pipe (non-tobacco).  Whatever happens, the page on tobacco pipes should have its own page for reasons I've already stated.  Now, if we can get friendly again, let me point out pipe smoking.  That seems like an ideal candidate for what you suggest as an article on pipe smoking in general.  Let's examine modifying the article to that end.  I'd like to end up with articles "pipe smoking" and "smoking pipe" being a redirect to the former. What do you think?  Frotz661 06:24, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

"Smoking pipe" redirecting to "pipe smoking" sounds great to me. We don't have to break up smoking pipe (non-tobacco) right now but this should eventually occur (either from us or someone else who is an expert on the subject), so we will leave the break-up notice at the top of the non-tobacco article. But yea, smoking pipe should redirect to pipe smoking as this article deals with both smoking pipes and pipe smoking in general. Peace. Zachorious 07:51, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

Further, "smoking pipe" has always struck me as a bit awkward. Suppose we have "pipe smoking" as the general introduction, briefly discussing the history of pipes as devices for smoking. Shapes and materials would not be discussed there. The article then would point off to "pipe smoking (tobacco)", "pipe smoking (non-tobacco)", and "hookah" as necessary. Anyone who splits "pipe smoking (non-tobacco)" would be obliged to alter "pipe smoking" to make sure things fit. If this works for you (and anyone else interested), I suggest we start modifying pipe smoking to this end. Naturally, some moves will be required, but let's not do that until we get the content nailed down. I'll go ahead and cancel my posting requesting a move from smoking pipe (tobacco) to smoking pipe. Frotz661 19:34, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

That sounds good. However in addition to pointing off to "pipe smoking (tobacco)", "pipe smoking (non-tobacco)", and "hookah"; the article should also point off to "bong" as well. Zachorious 21:03, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

Of course. Frotz661 23:22, 19 January 2007 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

new picture for the top
I've reverted the changed top picture because it IMHO is not a good fit. The color is washed out, subject poorly-centered, and parts of the frame are visible. I somewhat agree with changing the picture since the the pipe in "Youth with Pipe" is very tiny. Whatever goes there, however, I feel needs to be well-composed. Frotz 23:19, 13 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree the current picture does not make a good example. I think the other picture would be good if it were touched up a bit.  -- Chrislk02 (Chris Kreider) 12:33, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * FWIW, I liked the new picture more. The old guy was clearly smoking a conventional and recognizable Smoking pipe (tobacco).  It's tough to tell what the youth is doing.  Yellowking 12:56, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I've re-added the picture. Itseems to be the best one (B.T.W., not parts of the frame, but the boat itself where the old captain is standing on is visible),

-)-(-Haggawaga (|-|) Oegawagga-)-(- 15:12, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Where did you get that picture anyhow? If it's okay for use on Wikipedia, there's got to be a better shot of it somewhere.  Frotz 19:53, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * It's clearly part of the frame...unless this print has cropped part of the painting. Not that it really matters. I still think this is a suitable image for the article. --OnoremDil 16:49, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

You might look at the links at the article itself. It shows sites with information on this man, called Dorus Rijkers. There, you can also find the image's used, and perhaps in better versions of it? -)-(-Haggawaga (|-|) Oegawagga-)-(- 09:08, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Consider looking at: * Foundation "mrb Dorus Rijkers" - much historical information and photographs

history
Hello. I am from Poland and I am very interested in history of smoking pipes. I wrote to some people from polish Wikipedia and they said that I should find informations here.

I am in Viking re-enactment organisation and I ma very interested in story of pipes, because i smoke one. Many people believe that nobody smoked before XV century, because there was no tabacco in Europe. I found information that slavians and vikings could smoke such things as Arctostaphylos uva-ursi or Cornus sericea L. syn. Cornus stolonifera Michx. I read on english Wikipedia that Germans and Greeks got the idea of smoking from Scythians. Where these information are from? Are there any archaeological founds of pipes before the XV century in Europe? Please help me. This is my e-mail: tabordarkwind@poczta.fm.

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 83.22.210.127 (talk) 07:44, 24 April 2007 (UTC).

Disappearing Dorus
Could we leave the top picture as-is unless and until we're sure that Dorus's picture won't be deleted again? I've been following what's been going on and it seems that it's not clear if it's okay to put that picture on Wikipedia in the first place. Frotz 17:47, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

Get cracking
An article that has a lead as contrived as this one needs to get an overhaul. The POV-forking of pipe smoking contents just looks bad. There's now a general article on smoking, and this should not be an exception. Pipe smokers of the world, unite, or something.

Peter Isotalo 04:47, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

I'm not clear on what you propose. Exactly what should be done? Frotz 05:31, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

 * A proper article at smoking pipe instead of merely a dabpage. It could easily be started with material from the two content forks.
 * Peter Isotalo 06:36, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The split was made specifically because there is no crossover between the fields of smoking tobacco in pipes and smoking of other things in pipes. There is an article called pipe smoking which discusses pipes more from a historical perspective and doesn't focus on what is smoked.  Admittedly, the collection of smoking pipe articles is rather awkward, but the clear consensus is to keep smoking pipe (tobacco) and smoking pipe (non-tobacco) as they are.  Frotz 10:29, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

 * No cross-over? They're both pipes in which certain substances are smoked... Don't make this more complicated than it actually is. Pipe smoking should be merged with either of the smoking pipe articles or transferred to smoking pipe, because the decision to make it a historical article is quite obviously arbitrary. That the two types of pipes can't be described in the same article is as non-sensical as people insisting that we had to have a dabpage instead of a proper article over at smoking for several years.
 * And I think our neutrality policies are a bit more important than the slightly questionable consensus that you're referring to.
 * Peter Isotalo 14:07, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The changes you applied look good. Frotz 19:33, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

How To
There are small sections of this article that written as a How To and therefore need to be revised per Wikipedia standards. 68.113.47.180 20:28, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Moving MacArthur to the right of the index
The location of Douglas MacArthur's picture is a bit awkward in that it appears in a section describing various pipes. I'd like to move it to the right of the index, but I'm not sure how to do this without committing the change and potentially making a mess. Does someone here know how to do it right? Frotz (talk) 09:22, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Oops. I forgot about the Sandbox.  Frotz (talk) 09:27, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Need a new leading pic
Okay, who has a good candidate for a leading picture? Anyone feeling photogenic? In the meantime, I'm moving the MacArthur picture to that slot. Frotz (talk) 18:11, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

Weasle Words in Prevent Burning section
I noticed the words "Some people argue that this method is not effective" in the Prevent Burning section. These maybe need to be cleaned up, removed, and possibly citations added. I'd do it, but I've no clue what to change it to, and I don't trust my judgement when this sleepy. 24.254.163.150 (talk) 13:46, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

 * While addressing this problem, I've fixed some awkward wording in that section. It seemed a bit too verbose.  Frotz (talk) 01:23, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

briar pipe image
I don't know why the pic was changed in the first place, but I'd like to propose changing it now to a plain-finished billiard. Frotz (talk) 19:01, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tobacco pipe/Archive 1


text:
Gerona

Gerona may refer to:
 * Gerona, Spain, a city in Catalonia, Spain
 * Gerona, Tarlac, a town in the Philippines
 * Gerona, Uruguay, a village in Maldonado, Uruguay
 * Gerona, a fictional planet in the Star Wars franchise

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gerona


text:
Harrison Gray Otis (publisher)

Harrison Gray Otis (February 10, 1837 – July 30, 1917) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War who later became president and general manager of the Times Mirror Company, then the publisher of the Los Angeles Times.

Early life and education
Otis was born near Marietta, Ohio, on February 10, 1837, the son of Stephen and Sally (Dyar) Otis. His father was from Vermont and his mother, a native of Nova Scotia, Canada, came to Ohio from Boston, Massachusetts, with her family. The young Otis received schooling until he was fourteen, when he became a printer's apprentice at the Noble County Courier in Ohio.

Career
Otis was a delegate from Kentucky to the Republican National Convention that nominated Abraham Lincoln for president in 1860.

Civil War
At the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, he left his job as a compositor in the office of the Louisville Journal to volunteer as a private for the Union army. Otis enlisted as a Sergeant in Kentucky on June 25, 1861, in Company I of the 12th Ohio Infantry Regiment. He fought with the 12th at the Battle of Scary Creek, Battle of Carnifex Ferry, Battle of South Mountain, Battle of Antietam, Battle of Cloyd's Mountain, and the Battle of Lynchburg.

On July 2, 1864, the veterans of the 12th Ohio were transferred to the 23rd Ohio Infantry, and with Company H, Otis fought at the Second Battle of Kernstown where he was wounded. He was promoted to 1st Sergeant on March 1, 1862, 2nd Lieutenant on September 30, 1862, 1st Lieutenant on March 21, 1863, Captain on July 1, 1864, and Lieutenant-Colonel on March 13, 1865. Otis was mustered out of the Army on July 26, 1865.

He was wounded twice in battle, was "twice breveted for gallant and meritorious conduct" and was promoted seven times.

Journalism
After the war, Otis was Official Reporter of the Ohio House of Representatives, then moved to Washington, D.C., where he was a government official, correspondent and editor. In 1876, he and his family moved to Santa Barbara, California, which had a population then of about 3,000, and he purchased a local newspaper, the Santa Barbara Press, from William Welles Hollister, effective March 11 of that year. He gave up journalism temporarily in 1879 when he was offered the post of chief government agent or special treasury agent of the Northern Seal Islands, now known as the Pribilof Islands, in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of the newly acquired territory of Alaska. He left that position in 1881 to return to Santa Barbara.

Otis was editing his newspaper there when he went to Los Angeles – a larger city with a population of some 12,500 – and agreed with the firm of Yarnell, Caystile & Mathes to take over editorial responsibilities at the Los Angeles Daily Times, now the Los Angeles Times. Beginning August 1, 1882, he was to "have the editorial conduct of the Daily Times and Weekly Mirror," according to an announcement in the Times. Later the company was named Times-Mirror, and on April 6, 1886, it was reorganized, with Albert McFarland and W.A. Spalding as owners and Otis as president and general manager. That was Otis's official title at the time of his death in 1917. The Times story about his demise noted that the Times-Mirror Company was "publishers [sic] of the Los Angeles Daily Times." The article called Otis the "principal owner" of the newspaper but never referred to him as publisher. Eleven years earlier, however the Associated Press had called him "publisher of the Los Angeles Times."

Otis was known for his conservative political views, which were reflected in the paper. His home was one of three buildings that were targeted in the 1910 Los Angeles Times bombing. During his time as publisher of the Times Otis is known for coining the phrase "You are either with me, or against me."

When the Spanish–American War broke out in 1898, Otis asked President William McKinley for an appointment as Assistant Secretary of War. But Secretary of War Russell A. Alger did not want the conservative Otis serving under him. Otis thereupon again volunteered for the Army and was appointed brigadier general of volunteers. He served in the Philippines. He did not see any action against the Spanish, but commanded the 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, VIII Corps during the Philippine–American War.

His support for his adopted city was instrumental in the growth of the city. He was a member of a group of investors who bought land in the San Fernando Valley based on inside knowledge that the Los Angeles Aqueduct would soon irrigate it.

Otis and his son-in-law Harry Chandler and others formed the Colorado River Land Company, which bought land in the Mexicali Valley of Baja California at the turn of the twentieth century when Mexico's President Porfirio Díaz encouraged foreign investment to develop the country. The company weathered the Mexican Revolution (1910–20), but the rich agricultural land held in foreign hands was expropriated by the Mexican government during its postrevolutionary land reform.

On December 23, 1916, General Harrison Gray Otis, donated his spacious Wilshire Boulevard home across the street from MacArthur Park, known as the Bivouac, to Los Angeles County to be used "continuously and perpetually for the Arts and advancement of the Arts." The Otis Art Institute of the Los Angeles Museum of History, Science, and Art eventually became Otis College of Art and Design. The home was torn down in the 1950s, but the school built new buildings and occupied the space until 1997. It is now the site of a public elementary school.

Personal life
Otis married Eliza Ann Wetherby in Lowell, Ohio, on September 11, 1859, and they had three daughters, Lillian Otis McPherson, Marian Otis Chandler, who was secretary of the Times-Mirror, and Mabel Otis Booth.

Death
Otis died on July 30, 1917, at the home of his son-in-law, Harry Chandler, in Los Angeles.

title: Harrison Gray Otis (publisher)


text:
Gennadius of Constantinople

Gennadius (Γεννάδιος; died 25 August 471 ) was the Patriarch of Constantinople from 458 until his death. Gennadius is known to have been a learned writer who followed the Antiochene school of literal exegesis, although few writings have been left about him. He is commemorated in the Eastern Orthodox Church on 17 November, but is not listed in the Roman Martyrology.

Biography
His first public writing was quoted by Facundus (Defensio, II, iv) against Cyril of Alexandria in two works, probably in 431 or 432, including a passage to show that his work was more violent even than the letter of Ibas. The Anathemas of Cyril and Two Books to Parthenius were criticized. In the latter he exclaims, "How many times have I heard blasphemies from Cyril of Egypt? Woe to the scourge of Alexandria!". In 433 Gennadius probably reconciled with Cyril. If Cyril's letter of 434 (Ep. lvi) is to the same Gennadius, they were friends in that year. Gennadius was a presbyter at Constantinople when he succeeded Anatolius in 458 as the Bishop of Constantinople. From the beginning of his episcopate Gennadius proved his zeal for the Christian faith and the maintenance of discipline. His discretion was before long tested.

Timothy Aelurus, the Monophysite who made himself the Patriarch of Alexandria and was later chased from the Patriarchate by order of the Roman emperor, had obtained leave to come to Constantinople, intending to re-establish himself on his throne. On 17 June 460, Pope Leo I warned Gennadius (Ep. clxx) against Timothy Aelurus, and urged him to prevent the voyage of Timothy and to secure the immediate consecration of an Orthodox Patriarch for Alexandria. Timothy Aelurus was banished to the Chersonese, and Timothy Solofaciolus was chosen bishop of Alexandria in his stead. About the same time, Gennadius' liberality and desire for order was observed in his appointment of Marcian, a Novatianist who had come over to the Catholic church, the oeconomus of the goods of the church of Constantinople.

Two Egyptian solitaries told John Moschus a story which is also recorded by Theodorus Lector. The church of Saint Pope Eleutherius at Constantinople was served by a reader named Carisius, who led a disorderly life. Gennadius first reprimanded him and then had him flogged. When both measures proved ineffectual, the patriarch prayed to Eleutherius to either correct the unworthy reader or to take him from the world. Next day Carisius was found dead, to the terror of the whole town. Theodorus also relates how a painter, presuming to depict the Saviour under the form of Jupiter, had his hand withered, but was healed by the prayers of Gennadius.

About the same time Daniel the Stylite began to live on a column near Constantinople, apparently without the permission of the Patriarch or the owner of the property where the pillar stood, who strongly objected to this strange invasion of his land. The Emperor Leo protected the ascetic, and some time later sent Gennadius to ordain him priest, which he is said to have done standing at the foot of the column, because Daniel objected to being ordained and refused to let the bishop mount the ladder. At the end of the rite, however, the patriarch ascended to give Holy Communion to the stylite and to receive it from him. Whether he then imposed his hands on him is not said. Possibly he considered it sufficient to extend them from below towards Daniel. According to Theodorus Lector, Gennadius would allow no one to become a cleric unless he had learned the Psalter by heart.

Measures had been taken against simony, the buying and selling of holy orders, by the Council of Chalcedon. It seems not later than 459, Gennadius celebrated a great council of 81 bishops, many of whom were from the East and even from Egypt, including those who had been dispossessed of their sees by Timothy Aelurus. The letter of this council against simony is still preserved (J. D. Mansi, VII, 912). An encyclical was issued, adding anathema to the former sentence.

Gennadius died 25 August 471. He stands out as an able and successful administrator whom historians have roundly praised.

Biblical works
John Moschus described Gennadius as very mild and of great purity. Gennadius of Marseilles said Gennadius was lingua nitidus et ingenio acer (of refined tongue and sharp intellect), and so rich in knowledge of the ancients that he composed a commentary on the whole Book of Daniel. The continuation of Jerome's Chronicle by Marcellinus Comes tells us (according to some manuscripts) that Gennadius commented on all epistles of Paul of Tarsus.

Gennadius wrote a commentary on Daniel and many other parts of Old Testament and on all the epistles of St. Paul, and a great number of homilies. Of these only a few fragments remain. The principal fragments of his biblical works include Genesis, Exodus, Psalms, Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, and Hebrews, and are interesting specimens of 5th century exegesis. Some fragments are collected in Migne, Patrologia Graeca, LXXXV, chiefly from the two catenae of John Antony Cramer on Romans; a few passages are found in the catena of Aecumenius, others in the catenae of Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopulus, and a few in the Vienna MS. gr. 166 (46).

Gennadius is seen to have been a learned writer, who followed the Antiochene school of literal exegesis. Romans, a series of explanatory remarks on isolated texts, is his most significant work.

title: Gennadius of Constantinople


text:
Talk:Seppala Siberian Sleddog

Untitled
Seppalas are probably the mostly highly developed purebred sleddog breed ... but ... This is a primitive breed. Isn't there a bit of a contradiction there? And whose criteria are used to make these labels? RickK 03:29 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Your point is well-taken. I have tried to resolve the contradiction with more precise language and have made what I hope are appropriate NPOV corrections. Thanks! :-) Ditkoofseppala 04:26 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

The ISSSC link in the Breed Standard box should be               http://www.seppalas.com/page4.htm

Isa LeSueur Boucher
Isa LeSueur Boucher was the person who enabled this breed to survive to this day http://www.carletonfuneralhome.ca/obituaries/82552 and http://seppalawiki.pbworks.com/w/page/6683696/BetsyLeSueurBush — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.157.32.18 (talk) 21:37, 3 October 2013 (UTC)

Deletion nomination?
I noticed this article was nominated for deletion - There is no reason for this. I am happy to support the un-cited information in this article with official published sources, primarily the highly detailed record books by Douglas Willet, though this will take considerable time.

This breed and topics surrounding it tend to be controversial in sled dog circles, but it is an immensely important piece of Siberian sled dog history, and I disagree entirely with the possibility of this article being deleted. It appears that there was a result of "no consensus" in the deletion discussion, but I have never confronted this issue before so I am unsure if I should remove the deletion notice. Mcfuggins (talk) 14:50, 4 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Seppala Siberian Sleddog


text:
Basco, Batanes

Basco, officially the Municipality of Basco (Kavahayan nu Basco; Bayan ng Basco), is a 5th class municipality and capital of the province of Batanes, Philippines. In the 2020 census, it had a population of 9,517 people.

Basco is located on Batan Island, the second largest among the Batanes Islands, the northernmost islands of the Philippines. The town has a domestic airport, Basco Airport, serving flights from Manila, Tuguegarao, and Itbayat.

The Basco Lighthouse is one of the landmarks.

Etymology
The town is named after Capitán General José Basco, who led the pacification and conquest of the islands during his term as governor-general.

Cityhood
In the 19th Congress of the Philippines, house bills were filed by various representatives which seeks Basco including other capital towns of provinces with no current component cities, independent component cities or highly urbanized cities to automatically convert into cities.

Geography
The municipality has a land area of 49.46 km2 constituting 22.58% of the 219.01 km2 total area of Batanes.

Barangays
Basco is politically subdivided into 6 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

The sitio of Diptan was converted into a barrio, known as San Antonio, in 1955. Also in the same year, the sitios of Coral, Hago, Tuva, Diojango, Canalaan, Honaan and Dimnalamay were converted into the barrio of San Joaquin.

Climate
Basco has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). Compared to cities down south such as Laoag or Manila, it has a slightly cooler temperatures especially during the winter months due to its northerly location. Unlike these two cities whose hottest months are April and May, Basco has its warmest temperature during the months of June and July, similar to Taiwan.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, Basco had a population of 9,517. The population density was undefined PD/km2.

Local government
Basco, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Batanes, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

Transportation
Basco is accessible by air from Manila via Basco Airport. It is served by PAL Express at present. The other airlines previously operating at Basco Airport have stopped their operations after the COVID 19 pandemic, except for SkyPasada via Tuguegarao Airport in Cagayan. These airlines are the only two airlines available for air travel as of 2024. Planes from Basco Airport are bound to only three places: (1) to Manila, served by PAL Express; (2) to Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, served by SkyPasada; and (3) to Itbayat Island, an island municipality of Batanes Province.

Education
The Schools Division of Batanes governs the town's public education system. The division office is a field office of the DepEd in Cagayan Valley region. The office governs the public and private elementary and public and private high schools throughout the municipality.

 * Schools:
 * Basco Central School
 * Batanes National Science High School
 * Batanes State College
 * Chanarian Elementary School
 * Diptan Elementary School
 * Saint Dominic College
 * Tukon Elementary School
 * Valugan Integrated School

AM

 * 1134 kHz DWBT Radyo Pilipinas Batanes

FM

 * 95.7 MHz DZYV Radio Yvatan
 * 97.5 MHz DZNB Radyo Kayvayvanan Community Radio
 * 103.7 MHz DWWF Radyo Natin Basco

title: Basco, Batanes


text:
Talk:Manuel Azaña

Untitled
Manuel Azaña is the great grandfather of my friend, and I will try to gather more specific family information for the article in the coming weeks. - Kitkatcrazy 19:41 23 Jul 2007 (UTC)

I removed from the article the following:

He comprised of the Revolutionary Committee (1930), that contributed to the restoration of the Republic, in whose provisional government it later occupied the portfolio military the first and Presidency. The elections to Constituent assemblies in June of 1931, confirmed to him like Head of the Executive, position of which will resign in September of 1933. In April of 1934, already in the opposition, Domingo obtained to the republican unit with the parties of Marcelino and Santiago You will marry Quiroga, giving rise to Republican Left, political organization of whom was chosen President. In October of the same year it was stopped under the false accusation to be implied in the revolutionary events of Asturias and Catalonia. He remained jailed of the destroyer Sanchez Barcáiztegui, anchored in the port of Barcelona on board.

Can anyone make head or tail of it? I tried to turn it into english but gave up. FearÉIREANN 03:41 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * My try.
 * He comprised of the Revolutionary Committee (1930), that contributed to the restoration of the Republic, in whose provisional government it later occupied the positions of minister of Defence and minister of the Presidency (the first ??). The elections to the Constituent Assembly in June of 1931, confirmed him as Head of the Executive, a position that he would resign in September of 1933. In April of 1934, already in the opposition, Domingo obtained to the republican unit with the parties of Marcelino and Santiago Casares Quiroga, giving rise to Izquierda Republicana, whose president he was chosen. In October of the same year he has arrested under the false accusation of being implied in the revolutionary events of Asturias and Catalonia. He was held on board of the destroyer Sanchez Barcáiztegui, anchored in the port of Barcelona.
 * It seems an automatic translation ("Santiago You will marry Quiroga"). Bingo:
 * They all seem lifted from . There is a copyright sign at the end of the page.
 * -- Error

An automatic translation, eh? Well, that clears up the question about the "Augustinos of the Dump."

I removed the following text because it was copied from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPazana.htm.

 * In 1931 Azaña joined with other liberal politicians that took part in the successful revolution that led to Alfonso XIII leaving the country. In the first government of the Second Republic Azaña became minister of war. He introduced a series of reforms that upset senior army officers.

 * Azaña believed that the Catholic Church was responsible for Spain's backwardness. He defended the elimination of special privileges for the Church on the grounds that Spain had ceased to be Catholic. Azaña was criticised by the Catholic Church for not doing more to stop the burning of religious buildings in May 1931. He controversially remarked that burning of "all the convents in Spain was not worth the life of a single Republican".

I consider that this article fails to maintain NPOV. Azaña's actions during the first few days of the war are criticised without reference and without providing an opposing point of view. The fact that he seeked to appoint Maura as PM before turning to the left is overlooked. --Gandalf57 (talk) 14:35, 17 September 2011 (UTC)

Confusion
The infobox, and the succession template only list him as President, but the "Prime Ministers of Spain" template lists him in the succession of Prime Ministers. What gives? Murderbike (talk) 21:08, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

Picture
I realize it's not a vanity article, but can we find an unlicensed photograph where his eyes are open? 97.63.108.234 (talk) 08:03, 28 October 2011 (UTC)

Very biased
Azana is a very controversial man in Spain's history so it is hard for an article on him to not see unbiased from some POV, but this page is especially bad. Please improve, a few starting points:

- the "confiscated land" applied to land not being farmed and the latifundia were paid for this land, essentially eminent domain - His 1936 government did not include the socialist and communists, though he was reliant on their support to pass measures (these are not the same thing in a parliamentary democracy) - "However, Azaña insisted that the only danger to the Republic was from the Right." Azana did not see the far left as a threat to taking down the Republic as they had already failed to do this and did not have the power for a the revolution that Largo Caballo and others dreamed they did. Whereas the right included a still powerful army and rich Catholic church, who did actually destroy the Republic and held a dictatorship for 40yrs. - "he appeared unwilling to suppress or even to acknowledge the violence of the Left" is particularly glaring. You could say his efforts to rein in the far left were half-hearted or that he was more lenient on the far left than the left, but no one could fail to acknowledge the political violence which swept through Spain in the early summer of 1936. - "But Socialists and Communists, who were sound on these two issues, were acceptable." Azana wrote extensively about his disagreements with the Socialists and Communists. He was less worried about their rhetoric because, as Largo Caballo himself would later say, it was all hype to try and keep the CEDA from establishing a dictatorship. An utter failure.

"Coming of the Spanish Civil War" by Paul Preston is a relatively unbiased account, which would improve this article

Ahlesa (talk) 00:52, 28 August 2015 (UTC)

 * I changed "his government included the PSOE and Communists" to "his parliamentary coalition included the PSOE and Communists." I agree that was a glaring mistake.  It was a major point of contention within the PSOE whether to actually become part of the government at that point.  I'm not sure if I understand some of your other points, however.  As far as I can tell, you accept the following statement as true:  "Azana insisted that the only danger to the Republic was from the Right."  Is your point that the article should go into more detail about Azana's reasons for thinking that?  Kevin Nelson (talk) 00:17, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

Caption
Military parade in Alcalá de Henares (November 1937)
 * This does not seem to relate to the article. What is the significance of this picture? Valetude (talk) 17:37, 13 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Manuel Azaña


text:
Counterstrike

Counterstrike may refer to:

 * Counter-Strike, a video game series
 * Counter-Strike (video game), a 2000 modification of the video game Half-Life
 * Counter-Strike: Condition Zero, a 2004 video game
 * Counter-Strike: Source, a 2004 video game
 * Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, a 2012 video game
 * Counter-Strike 2, a 2023 video game
 * Counterstrike, an expansion pack for the video game Command & Conquer: Red Alert
 * "Counterstrike", a season 10 Stargate SG-1 episode
 * Counterstrike (1969 TV series)
 * Counterstrike (1990 TV series)
 * Counterstrike (drum and bass group)
 * "Counterstrike the Mp3", a song by Basshunter from The Old Shit (2006)

title: Counterstrike


text:
User:Levram

hottie

title: User:Levram


text:
User:Lee Cremeans

Hi there! If you see a link edited by "66.106.14.148", "66.106.14.146", "66.92.160.12" or "66.93.101.230", I probably edited it before I got an account, or without being logged in. This would have been many, many years ago now, as I've had an account since 2003.

Stuff I'm presently working on
Nothing presently

title: User:Lee Cremeans


text:
Fravitta of Constantinople

Fravitta (Φραβίτας, Fravitas; d. 490), also known as Fravitas, Flavitas, or Flavianus II, was the patriarch of Constantinople (489–490).

According to Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopoulos, on the death of Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople, the emperor Zeno placed on the altar of the great church of Constantinople two sheets of paper. On one was written a prayer that God would send an angel to inscribe on the blank sheet the name of him whom He wished to be the patriarch. A fast of 40 days with prayer was ordered. The church was given into the custody of a confidential eunuch, the imperial chamberlain, and the imperial seal set on the casket containing the papers.

Fravitta was a presbyter in charge of the suburban church of Saint Thecla. Fueled with ambition, he paid the eunuch large sums, and promised him more, to write his name on the blank sheet. At the end of the 40 days the casket was opened; the name of Fravitta was found, and he was enthroned amid universal acclamations. Within 4 months he died, and the powerful eunuch was pressing his executors for the promised gold. They revealed the odious tale to the emperor. The forger was turned out of all his employments and driven from the city. The emperor Zeno, ashamed of his failure, entrusted the election of the new patriarch to the clergy.

However, the correspondence between Zeno, Fravitta, and Pope Felix III on the appointment show no trace of this story.

Fravitta simultaneously wrote letters to Pope Peter Mongus of Alexandria asking for his communion, and a synodal to Pope Felix of Rome for his sanction and co-operation. The synodal was carried to Rome by monks of Constantinople who had always kept separate from Acacius and his friend Mongus. An accompanying letter of Zeno showed great affection for Fravitta; Zeno had only worked for his appointment because he thought him worthy and to restore peace and unity to the churches. Pope Felix, delighted with the letters, had Zeno's read aloud to the deputation and all the clergy of Rome, who expressed loud approval.

When the Pope, however, wished the monks from Constantinople to undertake that the names of Acacius and Mongus should be rejected from the diptychs, they replied that they had no instructions on that point. The joy of the Pope was destroyed by the arrival at Rome of a copy of the letter which Fravitta had sent to Mongus, denying all communion with Rome. The Pope would not hear a word more from the monks. Whether the story of Nicephorus be true or not, Fravitta stands disgraced by this duplicity.

title: Fravitta of Constantinople


text:
Talk:Neverwinter Nights (2002 video game)

Source

 *
 * 10-page feature story in Computer Games Magazine (scans)
 * http://web.archive.org/web/20050408144039/http://www.cdmag.com:80/articles/032/132/010511-f1.html
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20000307191125/http://pc.ign.com:80/news/9380.html
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20000308204916/http://pc.ign.com:80/news/9425.html
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20030511001131/http://www.gamespydaily.com:80/news/fullstory.asp?id=3586
 * https://web.archive.org/web/20040823230938/http://archive.gamespy.com/gamespin/december01/gamespin30/

When was it released on PS4 and XboX?
On the "platforms" reader, it states it was released on the PS4 and the XBOX 1. When? Leather Daddy Lenin (talk) 16:56, 23 June 2020 (UTC)

Requested move 17 November 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

– Per WP:NCVGDAB. Rather large and acclaimed series that has received numerous expansion packs means that the series should probably be primary. The year in the disambiguation is because Neverwinter Nights (1991 video game) also exists. Failing that, the article should still be moved and Neverwinter Nights should be made a disambiguation due to WP:NOPRIMARY.ZXCVBNM (TALK) 11:38, 17 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Neverwinter Nights → Neverwinter Nights (2002 video game)
 * Neverwinter Nights (series) → Neverwinter Nights
 * Support moves, the overarching article on the series should be primary. Schazjmd   (talk)  16:48, 17 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Support per nom.--Ortizesp (talk) 18:16, 17 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Support the move. Series should definitely be the primary article based on WP:NCVGDAB ("the series should take the base name while the video game article is disambiguated"). CC123T (talk) 10:02, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.


text:
Euphemius of Constantinople

Euphemius of Constantinople (Greek: Εὐφήμιος; died 515) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (490–496). Theophanes calls him Euthymius. Prior to his appointment, Euphemius was a presbyter of Constantinople, administrator of a hospital for the poor at Neapolis, unsuspected of any Eutychian leanings, and is described as learned and very virtuous.

Acacian schism
In 482, Emperor Zeno had published a decree called the Henotikon, which forbade in the current theological discussions any other criterion but those of the Councils of First Council of Nicaea and First Council of Constantinople (ignoring the decrees of Chalcedon), carefully avoided speaking of Christ's two natures, and used ambiguous formulae that were meant to conciliate the Monophysites. Despite his efforts, the Henotikon really satisfied no one: Monophysites disliked it as much as the Orthodox. However, Acacius at Constantinople, Peter Mongus Patriarch of Alexandria, and Peter the Fuller Patriarch of Antioch had all signed it. Pope Felix III convened in 484 a Roman synod of sixty-seven bishops that condemned the emperor's decree, deposed and excommunicated Acacius, Peter Mongus, and Peter Fuller. Acacius retorted by striking the pope's name from his diptychs and persecuted Catholics at Constantinople. When he died, Fravitta, his successor, applied for recognition at Rome, but in vain, since he would not give up communion with Peter Mongus.

Euphemius immediately recognized the Council of Chalcedon, restored the pope's name to his diptychs, and broke with Peter Mongus, who died in October of the year of Euphemius's accession (490). By these acts, he showed his desire to heal the rift with Rome. Unfortunately, he still refused to erase the names of his two predecessors (Acacius and Fravitta) from the diptychs, where they appeared among the faithful departed. Pope Felix insisted that heretics and favourers of heresy should not be prayed for publicly; Euphemius repeated his attempts at reconciliation to Pope Gelasius I, but the problem of his predecessors remained; Euphemius could not remove their names from the diptychs without causing embarrassment or insult to those they had baptized and ordained. Gelasius allowed that in other circumstances he would have written to announce his election, but sourly observes that the custom existed only between bishops who were united in communion, and was not to be extended to those who, like Euphemius, preferred a strange alliance to that with St. Peter. As a mark of condescension Gelasius granted the canonical remedy to all who had been baptised and ordained by Acacius.

Theodoric the Great had become master of Italy, and in 493 sent Faustus and Irenaeus to the emperor Anastasius I to ask for peace. During their sojourn at Constantinople the envoys received complaints from the Greeks against the Roman church, which they reported to the pope. Euphemius urged that the condemnation of Acacius by one prelate only was invalid; to excommunicate a metropolitan of Constantinople a general council was necessary.

Patriarch and Emperor
Before the accession of the Emperor Anastasius I, Euphemius had made him sign a profession of faith; eventually he fell foul of the emperor. As the Isaurian War was then under way, Euphemius was accused of treason by revealing the emperor's plans to his enemies. A soldier, either by Anastasius's own order or to gain his favour, drew his sword on Euphemius at the door of the sacristy, but was struck down by an attendant. The emperor further wanted back his written profession of faith, which Euphemius refused to give up, so Anastasius assembled the bishops who were in the capital and preferred charges against their patriarch, whom they obsequiously excommunicated and deposed (496). The people loyally refused to surrender him, but inevitably yielded to the emperor.

Meanwhile, Euphemius, fearing for his life, sought sanctuary in the baptistery, and refused to go out until Macedonius II had promised on the word of the emperor that no violence should be done to him when they conducted him to exile. With a proper feeling of respect for the dignity of his fallen predecessor, Macedonius made the attendant deacon take off the newly-given pallium and clothed himself in the dress of a simple presbyter, "not daring to wear" his insignia before their canonical owner. After some conversation, Macedonius (who would follow Euphemius to the very same place of exile under the same emperor) handed to him the proceeds of a loan he had raised for his expenses. Euphemius was exiled to Asia Minor and died in 515 at Ancyra. He was recognized to the end as lawful patriarch by his peers in the East who included Elias of Jerusalem Patriarch of Jerusalem, and Patriarch Flavian II of Antioch.

title: Euphemius of Constantinople


text:
Euphemius

Euphemius or Euphemios can refer to:

 * Euphemius of Constantinople (died 515), Patriarch of Constantinople in 489–495
 * Euphemius (Sicily), Byzantine commander and rebel who helped bring about the Muslim conquest of the island

title: Euphemius


text:
Lucinda Williams

Lucinda Gayl Williams (born January 26, 1953) is an American singer-songwriter and a solo guitarist. She recorded her first two albums, Ramblin' on My Mind (1979) and Happy Woman Blues (1980), in a traditional country and blues style that received critical praise but little public or radio attention. In 1988, she released her third album, Lucinda Williams, to widespread critical acclaim. Regarded as "an Americana classic", the album also features "Passionate Kisses", a song later recorded by Mary Chapin Carpenter for her 1992 album Come On Come On, which garnered Williams her first Grammy Award for Best Country Song in 1994. Known for working slowly, Williams released her fourth album, Sweet Old World, four years later in 1992. Sweet Old World was met with further critical acclaim and was voted the 11th best album of 1992 in The Village Voice's Pazz & Jop, an annual poll of prominent music critics. Robert Christgau, the poll's creator, ranked it 6th on his own year-end list, later writing that the album as well as Lucinda Williams were "gorgeous, flawless, brilliant".

Williams' commercial breakthrough came in 1998 with Car Wheels on a Gravel Road, an album presenting a broader scope of songs that fused rock, blues, country and Americana into a distinctive style that remained consistent and commercial in sound. Car Wheels on a Gravel Road, which includes the singles "Right in Time" and the Grammy nominated "Can't Let Go", became Williams' greatest commercial success to date. The album was certified Gold by the RIAA the following year, and earned her a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album, while being universally acclaimed by critics. Williams' next album, Essence, appeared in 2001 to further critical acclaim and commercial success, becoming her first Top 40 album on the Billboard 200, peaking at No. 28. Featuring a more downbeat musical tone, with spare, intimate arrangements, Essence earned Williams three Grammy nominations in 2002: Best Contemporary Folk Album, Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for the title track, and Best Female Rock Vocal Performance for the single "Get Right With God", which she won.

One of the most celebrated singer-songwriters of her generation, Williams has released a string of albums since that have earned her further critical acclaim and commercial success, including World Without Tears (2003), West (2007), Little Honey (2008), Blessed (2011), Down Where the Spirit Meets the Bone (2014), The Ghosts of Highway 20 (2016), and Good Souls Better Angels (2020). Among her various accolades, she has won three Grammy Awards from 17 nominations, and has received two Americana Awards (one competitive, one honorary) from 11 nominations. Williams ranked No. 97 on VH1's 100 Greatest Women in Rock & Roll in 1999, and was named "America's best songwriter" by Time magazine in 2002. In 2015, Rolling Stone ranked her the 79th greatest songwriter of all time. In 2017, she received the Berklee College of Music Honorary Doctorate of Music Degree, and ranked No. 91 on Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Country Artists of All Time. In 2020, Car Wheels on a Gravel Road ranked No. 97 and Lucinda Williams ranked No. 426 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. She was inducted into the Austin City Limits Hall of Fame in 2021. That same year, "Passionate Kisses" ranked No. 437 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.

Early life
Williams was born in Lake Charles, Louisiana, the daughter of poet and literature professor Miller Williams, and amateur pianist Lucille Fern Day. Her parents divorced in the mid-1960s. Williams' father gained custody of her and her younger brother, Robert Miller, and sister, Karyn Elizabeth. Like her father, Williams has spina bifida. Her father worked as a visiting professor in Mexico and different parts of the United States, including Baton Rouge; New Orleans; Jackson, Mississippi; and Utah before settling at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville. Williams never graduated from high school but was accepted into the University of Arkansas. Williams started writing when she was 6 years old. She showed an affinity for music at an early age, and was playing guitar at 12. Her first live performance was in Mexico City at 17, as part of a duo with her friend, banjo player Clark Jones.

1978–1987: Early career
By her early 20s, Williams was playing publicly in Austin and Houston, Texas, concentrating on a blend of folk, rock, and country. She moved to Jackson, Mississippi, in 1978 to record her first album for Folkways Records. Released in 1979, and titled Ramblin' on My Mind, it was a collection of country and blues covers. Smithsonian Folkways provides a description: "The first recordings from an artist with a gift for interpreting original blues from Robert Johnson to Memphis Minnie to the Carter Family. Williams' unmistakable sound is powerfully direct and filled with melancholy and passion." When the album was re-issued in 1991, the title was shortened to Ramblin'.

Williams' second album, Happy Woman Blues, appeared the following year, and consisted of her own material. Trouser Press felt the record was more "rock-oriented" than Williams' debut album, writing that she used timeworn ideas such as "smoke-stained bars, open roads and a heart that never learns" but reimagined them "in a way that is both contemporary and uncynical". One album track, "I Lost It", was re-recorded 18 years later for Williams' fifth album Car Wheels on a Gravel Road (1998). In the 1980s, Williams moved to Los Angeles, California (before finally settling in Nashville, Tennessee), where, at times backed by a rock band and at others performing in acoustic settings, she developed a following and a critical reputation. While based in Los Angeles, she was briefly married to Long Ryders drummer Greg Sowders, whom she had met in a club.

1988–1997: Lucinda Williams, Sweet Old World, and critical acclaim
In 1988, Williams released her third album, Lucinda Williams, on Rough Trade Records. Produced by Williams, along with Gurf Morlix, and Dusty Wakeman, the album was met with widespread critical acclaim and was voted the 16th best album of the year in The Village Voice's annual Pazz & Jop critics poll. It has since been viewed as a leading work in the development of the Americana movement. In 2014, Robin Denselow called it "an Americana classic" in The Guardian, while Stephen M. Deusner wrote for CMT that it is "a roots-rock landmark, ground zero for today's burgeoning Americana movement". A retrospective review from AllMusic stated "Every song packs an emotional punch line and rewards the listener each time with something new". The single "Changed the Locks", about a broken relationship, received radio play around the country and gained fans among music insiders, including Tom Petty, who would later cover the song in 1996 on the soundtrack album to the Edward Burns film She's The One. Lucinda Williams also features "The Night's Too Long", later recorded by Patty Loveless in 1990 for her album On Down the Line, and "Passionate Kisses", later recorded by Mary Chapin Carpenter for her album Come On Come On (1992). Adhering closely in tempo, feel, and instrumentation to Williams' original recording, "Passionate Kisses" became a major hit for Carpenter, enhancing her crossover appeal and earning her the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance in 1994, while it earned Williams the Grammy Award for Best Country Song.

In 1991, the song "Lucinda Williams" appeared on Vic Chesnutt's album West of Rome. The following year, Williams released her fourth album, Sweet Old World, on the Chameleon label. Also produced alongside Morlix and Wakeman, Sweet Old World is a melancholy album dealing with themes of suicide and death. The album received mass critical acclaim, and was voted the 11th best album of 1992 in The Village Voice's Pazz & Jop poll. Robert Christgau, the poll's creator, ranked it 6th on his own year-end list, later writing that the album was "gorgeous, flawless, brilliant [with] short-story details ('chess pieces,' 'dresses that zip up the side') packing a textural thrill akin to local color". AllMusic's Steve Huey said it was just as good as her 1988 self-titled album, calling it "a gorgeous, elegiac record that not only consolidates but expands Williams' ample talents." The track "Something About What Happens When We Talk" was later featured in the Cheryl Strayed biographical adventure film Wild (2014), starring Reese Witherspoon and Laura Dern.

During this period, Williams' biggest commercial successes remained as a songwriter. Emmylou Harris said of Williams, "She is an example of the best of what country at least says it is, but, for some reason, she's completely out of the loop and I feel strongly that that's country music's loss." Harris later recorded the title track from Sweet Old World for her career-redefining 1995 album, Wrecking Ball. In 1996, Williams duetted with Steve Earle on the song "You're Still Standin' There" from his album I Feel Alright. Williams also gained a reputation as a perfectionist and slow worker when it came to recording; six years would pass before her next album release, though she appeared as a guest on other artists' albums and contributed to several tribute compilations during this period.

1998–1999: Car Wheels on a Gravel Road and commercial breakthrough
Her long-awaited 1998 album Car Wheels on a Gravel Road was Williams' breakthrough into the mainstream. The album received widespread critical acclaim, topping the annual Pazz & Jop poll, and received a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album in 1999. It became Williams' first album to chart on Billboard 200, peaking at No. 68, and remaining on the chart for over five months. The album also went Gold within a year of release. Reviewing for Entertainment Weekly in July 1998, David Browne found Williams' hard-edged evocations of Southern rural life refreshing amid a music market overrun by timid, mass-produced female artists, while The Village Voice critic Robert Christgau argued at the time that she proved herself to be the era's "most accomplished record-maker" by honing traditional popular music composition, understated vocal emotions, and realistic narratives colored by her native experiences and values. In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine called the record an alternative country masterpiece and ranked it No. 304 on its list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, and ranked it No. 305 in 2012's revised list. In September 2020, Rolling Stone updated its Top 500 albums of all-time list, which reflected an updated and diverse judging pool, and the album rose to No. 98 on that list.

The single "Can't Let Go" also enjoyed considerable crossover radio play and garnered Grammy nomination for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance for Williams. It was later covered by Robert Plant (best known as lead vocalist of Led Zeppelin) and Alison Krauss as a duet, released in 2021. Another song from the album, "Still I Long for Your Kiss", was featured on the soundtrack album of the 1998 Robert Redford film The Horse Whisperer. The track "Lake Charles" was later featured in the first episode of the HBO series True Blood, and was included on the first season's soundtrack album. On February 20, 1999, Williams performed the tracks "Can't Let Go" and "2 Kool 2 Be 4-Gotten" on Saturday Night Live (episode "Bill Murray/Lucinda Williams"). Williams toured with Bob Dylan, the Allman Brothers and Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, and on her own in support of the album. An expanded edition of the album, including three additional studio recordings and a second CD documenting a 1998 concert, was released in 2006. In 1999, she appeared on Return of the Grievous Angel: A Tribute to Gram Parsons, duetting with David Crosby on the title track.

2000–2003: Essence and World Without Tears
Williams followed up the success of Car Wheels on a Gravel Road with Essence, released on June 5, 2001. Featuring a less produced, more down-tuned approach both musically and lyrically, Essence moved Williams further from the country music establishment, while winning fans in the alternative music world. The album received a Grammy nomination for Best Contemporary Folk Album in 2002, while Williams won the Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance for the single "Get Right With God", an atypically up-tempo gospel-rock tune from the otherwise rather low-key release. The title track includes a contribution on a Hammond organ by alternative country musician Ryan Adams, and earned Williams a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. At the same ceremony, Williams was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance for her cover of "Cold, Cold Heart", from the all-star Hank Williams tribute album, Timeless: Hank Williams Tribute (2001). On January 13, 2002, Williams performed with Elvis Costello on the inaugural episode of CMT Crossroads. Later that year, Time magazine christened Williams "America's best songwriter", and CMT ranked her No. 36 on its list of the 40 Greatest Women of Country Music.

Her seventh album, World Without Tears, was released on April 8, 2003. A musically adventurous though lyrically downbeat album, this release found Williams experimenting with talking blues stylings and electric blues. It received critical acclaim and was a commercial success, becoming Williams' first Top 20 album on the Billboard 200, peaking at No. 18. AllMusic called it "the bravest, most emotionally wrenching record she's ever issued". In his review for the Los Angeles Times, Robert Hilburn deemed it "a rock 'n' roll workout", writing that its edgiest songs sounded "close to the raw, disoriented feel" of the Rolling Stones' 1972 album Exile on Main St.. World Without Tears earned Williams two Grammy nominations in 2004: Best Contemporary Folk Album, and Best Female Rock Vocal Performance for the single "Righteously". The previous year, Williams was nominated for Best Female Country Vocal Performance for her cover of Greg Brown's "Lately", from Going Driftless: An Artists' Tribute to Greg Brown.

2004–2009: West, Little Honey, and continued success

Williams was a guest vocalist on the song "Factory Girls" from Irish punk-folk band Flogging Molly's 2004 album "Within a Mile of Home", and appeared on Elvis Costello's The Delivery Man (2004). She sang with folk legend Ramblin' Jack Elliott on the track "Careless Darling" from his 2006 album I Stand Alone. In 2006, she recorded a version of the John Hartford classic "Gentle on My Mind", which played over the closing credits of the Will Ferrell film Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby.

On February 13, 2007, Williams released her eighth album, West, for which she wrote more than 27 songs. It addresses her mother's death and a tumultuous relationship break-up. The album's lead single, "Are You Alright?", was ranked No. 34 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007, while the third single, "Come On", earned Williams two Grammy nominations: Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance and Best Rock Song. In the fall of 2007, Williams announced a series of shows in Los Angeles and New York. Playing five nights in each city, she performed her entire catalog on consecutive nights. These albums include the self-titled Lucinda Williams (1988), Sweet Old World (1992), Car Wheels on a Gravel Road (1998), Essence (2001), and World Without Tears (2003). Each night also featured a second set with special guest stars, including Steve Earle, Allison Moorer, Mike Campbell, Greg Dulli, E, Ann Wilson, Emmylou Harris, David Byrne, David Johansen, Yo la Tengo, John Doe, Chuck Prophet, Jim Lauderdale and Shelby Lynne. Each night's album set was recorded and made available to the attendees that night. These live recordings are currently available on her website and at her shows.

Williams wrapped recording on her ninth album in March 2008. Titled Little Honey, it was released on October 14 of that year and become her first Top 10 album on the Billboard 200, peaking at No. 9. Spin called it "her finest record since Car Wheels on a Gravel Road," stating she "goes back to the roots-rock well and takes a long, satisfying swig", while AllMusic called it "the most polished and studied record she's ever made". It earned Williams a Grammy nomination for Best Americana Album in 2010 (the first year to feature this category). The album includes 13 songs—among them, "Real Love" and "Little Rock Star", the latter inspired by music celebrities in the press, like Pete Doherty and Amy Winehouse. It also includes a cover of AC/DC's "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)", and "Rarity", inspired by singer-songwriter Mia Doi Todd.

In July 2008, though "Little Honey" was yet to be released, Paste listened to an advance copy and ranked the duet between Williams and Elvis Costello on the song "Jailhouse Tears" as the No. 5 all-time greatest country/rock duet. Her 2008 concert appearance at the Catalyst in Santa Cruz contained an announcement by the city's mayor that September 6, 2008, would henceforth be Lucinda Williams Day. In June 2008, she sang lead vocal  on M. Ward's cover of "Oh Lonesome Me" for his "Hold Time" record (Merge Records).

2010–2015: Blessed and Down Where the Spirit Meets the Bone
Williams released a cover of Shel Silverstein's "The Ballad of Lucy Jordan" in June 2010, as part of the Twistable, Turnable Man tribute album. On March 1, 2011, Williams released her 10th studio album Blessed. Another critical and commercial success; the album debuted at No. 15 on the Billboard 200, and earned a Grammy nomination for Best Americana Album in 2012. It was also nominated for the Americana Award for Album of the Year. The track "Kiss Like Your Kiss" originally appeared in the HBO series True Blood, and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media the previous year. AllMusic wrote "Blessed is Williams' most focused recording since World Without Tears; it stands with it and her 1988 self-titled Rough Trade as one of her finest recordings to date. The Los Angeles Times called it "one of the best albums she's ever released".

In July 2011, Williams' performance of her song "Crescent City" at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival was included in HBO's Treme series 2 finale, episode 11; the characters comment that it was "amazing she wrote this before the storm", referring to Hurricane Katrina. In September 2012, Williams was featured in a campaign called "30 Songs / 30 Days" to support Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, a multi-platform media project inspired by Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn's book. In 2012 and 2013, Williams toured the U.S. accompanied only by guitarist Doug Pettibone.

On September 30, 2014, Williams released her 11th studio album, Down Where the Spirit Meets the Bone, and performed the track "Protection" on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. The first album on her Highway 20 Records label, Down Where the Spirit Meets the Bone was met with critical acclaim, and debuted at No. 13 on the Billboard 200. It won the Americana Music Award for Album of the Year in 2015, while the track "East Side of Town" was nominated for Song of the Year. That same year, she provided backup vocals for the Don Henley song "Train in the Distance" on his album Cass County.

2015–2019: The Ghosts of Highway 20, This Sweet Old World, and Vanished Gardens

On February 5, 2016, Williams released her 12th studio album, The Ghosts of Highway 20, and performed the track "Dust" on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert on February 17, 2016. AllMusic wrote "after releasing one of the best and boldest albums of her career with Down Where the Spirit Meets the Bone, Williams goes from strength to strength with The Ghosts of Highway 20, and it seems like a welcome surprise that she's moving into one of the most fruitful periods of her recording career as she approaches her fourth decade as a musician". The album debuted at No. 36 on the Billboard 200, and was nominated for the Americana Music Award for Album of the Year.

On May 13, 2017, Williams was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music Degree from Berklee College of Music during the 2017 Commencement Concert. In June, Rolling Stone named Williams one of the 100 Greatest Country Artists of All Time. On September 29, 2017, she released This Sweet Old World, a re-recorded and expanded version her 1992 album, Sweet Old World. Writing for Exclaim!, Mark Dunn gave the album seven out of 10, agreeing that Williams' voice has changed dramatically in the ensuing 25 years but noting that she uses it as an instrument masterfully, pairing it with stripped-down country arrangements, compared to the more pop feel of the 1992 release. George de Stefano of PopMatters gave the release nine stars out of ten, calling it a "surprising and bold move" and writes that both the re-recordings and the new tracks are "gems".

On June 29, 2018, Blue Note Records released Vanished Gardens, a collaborative album by Charles Lloyd & the Marvels and Williams, who performed on five tracks, including "Dust" from The Ghosts of Highway 20, "Ventura" from World Without Tears, and "Unsuffer Me" from West. Marvels members Bill Frisell and Greg Leisz had previously worked with Williams, including on her 1998 album Car Wheels on a Gravel Road. The album was met with critical acclaim; AllMusic wrote "the pairing of this band with Williams sounds natural, effortless, and holistic", while Rolling Stone called it a "savvy stylistic blend".

In 2019, Williams produced New York City singer-songwriter Jesse Malin's eighth studio album Sunset Kids, which was met with widespread critical acclaim. She co-wrote three tracks on the album, and performed on three tracks.

2020–2021: Good Souls Better Angels and Lu's Jukebox
On February 4, 2020, Williams announced her album Good Souls Better Angels would be released on April 23. In the same Rolling Stone article, Williams released the first single from the album, "Man Without a Soul", which strongly alluded to then-President Donald Trump. Jon Breen of The Irish Times gave the release five out of five stars, writing that it "punch[es] with a dark, almost biblical vengeance but also, importantly, balance vitriol with solace, hellfire with a hand in need" and praising its timely lyrics. In American Songwriter, Hal Horowitz gave the release 4.5 out of five stars, writing that it is arguably her most intense album, ending his review: "By the end of the hour, you'll be wiped out. This is a devastatingly in your face, take no prisoners presentation from Williams and her band that will leave most serious listeners shattered and perhaps shaking. Few albums connect with this much pure emotional fury, let alone those from artists well into their 60s."

At the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards, Good Souls Better Angels received a nomination for Best Americana Album and songwriters Williams and Tom Overby received a nomination in the Best American Roots Song category for "Man Without a Soul". The album also made several critics' best-of-the-year lists, including Rolling Stone, which placed it at No. 47, while Mojo ranked it No. 38 on their list. In their alphabetical list, Pitchfork named it one of the 35 Best Rock Albums of 2020.

On March 19, 2020, Williams released a song she wrote for the Netflix movie Lost Girls, titled "Lost Girl". Later that year, Williams began "Lu's Jukebox", a six-episode series of themed live performances.

Williams was inducted into the Austin City Limits Hall of Fame in October 2021. Jason Isbell, who inducted Williams, credited her with creating a map for other singer-songwriters to follow; "A lot of my songs wouldn't exist if I hadn't spent so much time trying to rip her off", he stated in his speech. Isbell also performed Williams' "I Envy the Wind" from her 2002 album Essence. Williams also performed at the ceremony, she sang "Crescent City" with Rosanne Cash and "Changed the Locks" with Margo Price. Later that year, she appeared on the Robert Plant and Alison Krauss album Raise the Roof as a backing vocalist.

2022–present: Honorary accolades and Stories from a Rock n Roll Heart
On November 17, 2021, it was announced that Williams would receive the Americana Music Association-UK International Lifetime Achievement Award in January 2022. The ceremony was held on January 27, 2022. On September 12, 2022, Williams was the recipient of the BMI Troubadour Award. The award celebrates songwriters who have made a lasting impact on their community and who "craft for the sake of the song, setting the pace for generations of songwriters who will follow." Past recipients include John Hiatt, John Prine, and Robert Earl Keen.

On February 4, 2023, Williams was honored with the AMERICANAFEST Pre-Grammy Salute to Lucinda Williams, which was held at the Troubadour and live-streamed on Mandolin.com.

On April 4, 2023, Williams announced that her 15th studio album, Stories from a Rock n Roll Heart, would be released on June 30, 2023. The lead single "New York Comeback" was released simultaneously with the album announcement.

Backing bands
From 1985 to 1996, Williams' band included guitarist Gurf Morlix.

From before 2012 into 2022, Williams has called her backing band the Buick 6, whose name was inspired by Bob Dylan's song "From a Buick 6". Since 2012, Buick 6 has been Butch Norton, drums, who joined Williams in 2007; Stuart Mathis, guitar; and David Sutton, bass. Buick 6 has occasionally performed and recorded separately from Williams. For Williams' 2022 tours, Jim Oblon joined on guitar and keyboards.

Personal life
In 1986, Williams married Long Ryders drummer Greg Sowders, but the couple divorced within eighteen months. In September 2009 she married Tom Overby, an executive from Best Buy's music department, who is also her manager. The marriage ceremony was performed on stage at First Avenue by her father.

On November 17, 2020, Williams had a stroke in her home in Nashville. Doctors discovered a blood clot, and she was discharged five weeks later. Though at the time she needed to walk with a cane and still could not play guitar, she subsequently recovered in time for her summer 2021 tour with Jason Isbell.

In 2023, Williams released her autobiography titled Don't Tell Anyone the Secrets I Told You: A Memoir. The book details her traumatic childhood, her relationships with her father and mother, and her struggle to forge a sustainable career in the music industry.

Discography

 * Ramblin' on My Mind (1979)
 * Happy Woman Blues (1980)
 * Lucinda Williams (1988)
 * Sweet Old World (1992)
 * Car Wheels on a Gravel Road (1998)
 * Essence (2001)
 * World Without Tears (2003)
 * West (2007)
 * Little Honey (2008)
 * Blessed (2011)
 * Down Where the Spirit Meets the Bone (2014)
 * The Ghosts of Highway 20 (2016)
 * This Sweet Old World (2017)
 * Vanished Gardens (with Charles Lloyd and the Marvels) (2018)
 * Good Souls Better Angels (2020)
 * Stories from a Rock n Roll Heart (2023)

Americana Music Honors and Awards
The Americana Music Honors & Awards are presented annually by the Americana Music Association and celebrate outstanding achievement in Americana music. Established in 2002, Williams is one of the most nominated artists in the awards history, with eleven. She has received two awards (one competitive, one honorary).

Grammy Awards
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by The Recording Academy of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Often considered the highest music honour, the awards were established in 1958. Williams has received three awards in three separate categories (country, folk and rock), from 17 nominations that span five genres (country, folk, pop, rock, and Americana).

Other honors and recognitions

 * 1999 – Ranked No. 97 on VH1's 100 Greatest Women in Rock & Roll.
 * 2002 – Named "America's best songwriter" by Time.
 * 2002 – Ranked No. 36 on CMT's 40 Greatest Women of Country Music.
 * 2015 – Ranked No. 79 on Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time.
 * 2017 – Received the Berklee College of Music Honorary Doctorate of Music Degree.
 * 2017 – Ranked No. 91 on Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Country Artists of All Time.
 * 2020 – Car Wheels on a Gravel Road ranked No. 97, and Lucinda Williams ranked No. 426, on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.
 * 2021 – Inducted into the Austin City Limits Hall of Fame.
 * 2021 – "Passionate Kisses" ranked No. 437 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.
 * 2022 – Received the Americana Music Association-UK International Lifetime Achievement Award.
 * 2022 – Received the BMI Troubadour Award.
 * 2023 – Honored with the AMERICANAFEST Pre-Grammy Salute to Lucinda Williams.
 * 2023 – Awarded Best Roots Rock / Americana Artist, and Best Roots Rock / Americana Album (for Stories from a Rock n Roll Heart) in OffBeat's Best of the Beat Awards.
 * 2024 – Ranked No. 8 on American Songwriter's list of the 10 Greatest Female Songwriters of All Time.
 * 2024 – Elected as a member of the Texas Institute of Letters.

In popular culture

 * 1991 – "Lucinda Williams" is the title of a song on the Vic Chesnutt album West of Rome.
 * 2008 – The American folk/rock band Augustana references the musician in the song "Meet You There", on their album Can't Love, Can't Hurt. The lyrics state "Just put on Lucinda, Baby, and dance with me."
 * 2014 – Williams is referenced by the character Kathleen "Kat" Hall, played by Mireille Enos, in the film If I Stay.

title: Lucinda Williams


text:
Macedonius II of Constantinople

Macedonius II (Greek: Μακεδόνιος; died c. 517) was Patriarch of Constantinople (495–511).

Biography
Within a year or two (the date is uncertain) he assembled a council, in which he confirmed in writing the acts of the Council of Chalcedon. In 507 Elias, patriarch of Jerusalem, who had been unwilling to sanction the deposition of Euphemius, united himself in communion with Macedonius. The emperor Anastasius employed all means to oblige Macedonius to declare against the Council of Chalcedon, but flattery and threats were alike unavailing. An assassin named Eucolus was even hired to take away his life. The patriarch avoided the blow, and ordered a fixed amount of provisions to be given monthly to the criminal. The people of Constantinople were equally zealous for the council of Chalcedon, even, more than once, to the point of sedition. To prevent unfavourable consequences, Anastasius ordered the prefect of the city to follow in the processions and attend the assemblies of the church.

In 510 the Anastasius made a new effort. Macedonius would do nothing without an ecumenical council at which the bishop of Rome should preside. Anastasius, annoyed at this answer, and irritated because Macedonius would never release him from the engagement he had made at his coronation to maintain the faith of the church and the authority of the council of Chalcedon, sought to drive him from his chair. He sent Eutychian monks and clergy, and sometimes the magistrates of the city, to load him with public outrage and insult. This caused such a tumult amongst the citizens that the emperor was obliged to shut himself up in his palace and to have ships prepared in case flight should be necessary. He sent to Macedonius, asking him to come and speak with him. Macedonius went and reproached him with the sufferings his persecutions caused the church. Anastasius stated his willingness to this, but at the same time made a third attempt to tamper with the beliefs of the patriarch.

One of his instruments was Xenaïas, a Eutychian bishop. He demanded of Macedonius a declaration of his faith in writing; Macedonius addressed a memorandum to the emperor insisting that he knew no other faith than that of the Fathers of Nicaea and Constantinople, and that he anathematized Nestorius and Eutyches and those who admitted two Sons or two Christs, or who divided the two natures. Xenaïas, seeing the failure of his first attempt, found two individuals who accused Macedonius of an abominable crime, avowing themselves his accomplices. They then charged him with Nestorianism, and with having falsified a passage in an epistle of Paul, in support of that sect. At last the emperor commanded him to send by master of the offices the authentic copy of the Acts of the council of Chalcedon signed with the autographs of the bishops. Macedonius refused, and hid it under the altar of the great church. Thereupon Anastasius had him carried off by night and taken to Chalcedon, to be conducted thence to Eucaïta in Pontus, the place of the exile of his predecessor. In 515 Pope Hormisdas worked for the restitution of Macedonius, whom he considered unjustly deposed; it had been a stipulation in the treaty of peace between the rebel Vitalian, a relative of Macedonius, and Emperor Anastasius that the patriarch and all the deposed bishops should be restored to their sees. But Anastasius never kept his promises, and Macedonius died in exile. His death occurred c. 517, at Gangra, where he had retired for fear of the Huns, who ravaged all Cappadocia, Galatia, and Pontus.

title: Macedonius II of Constantinople


text:
Timothy I

Timothy I may refer to:

 * Pope Timothy I of Alexandria, Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark in 378–384
 * Timothy I of Constantinople, Patriarch of Constantinople in 511–518
 * Timothy I (Nestorian patriarch), Catholicus-Patriarch of the East in 780–823
 * Timotheus I of Jerusalem, patriarch in 1935–1955
 * The First Epistle to Timothy

title: Timothy I