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Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation

The Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC; ) is a Hong Kong wholly government-owned railway and land asset manager. It was established in 1982 under the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation Ordinance for the purposes of operating the Kowloon–Canton Railway (KCR), and to construct and operate other new railways. On 2 December 2007, the MTR Corporation Limited (MTRCL), another railway operator in Hong Kong, took over the operations of the KCR network under a 50-year service concession agreement, which can be extended. Under the service concession, KCRC retains ownership of the KCR network with the MTRCL making annual payments to KCRC for the right to operate the network. The KCRC's activities are governed by the KCRC Ordinance as amended in 2007 by the Rail Merger Ordinance to enable the service concession agreement to be entered into with the MTR Corporation Limited.

The XRL Hong Kong Section and the Sha Tin to Central Link have since been injected by the Hong Kong Government into the KCRC.

History
From 1910 to 1982, the KCR network was operated as a department of the Hong Kong Government. The Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation was created in December 1982 after the government decided to corporatise its railway department. Until 2007, the KCRC owned and operated a network of heavy rail, light rail and feeder bus routes within Kowloon and the New Territories. It was also a land developer by utilising its property development rights atop and around railway stations and depots. In December 2007, it ceased railway operations, with its business becoming primarily that of earning revenue from being the holder of railway assets. While it continues to own the rail network, the network is operated by the MTR Corporation under a 50-year service concession, for which the MTR Corporation Limited makes annual payments to the KCRC.

An expanding network
During the electrification of the KCR in the 1970s and early 1980s, thought had been given by the government as to the future management of the railway. Before 1982, the Kowloon–Canton Railway had been run as a department of the government, and was subject to the normal civil service rules and requirements. This made it difficult to take a commercial approach to operating what was increasingly becoming a major business in investment and revenue terms. Corporatisation of public services as a means to permit government-owned public utilities to operate more along the lines of private sector business was an approach that was beginning to gather interest at the time from several governments – the US and UK governments under Reagan and Thatcher being prime movers. The object of corporatisation was to allow the public service providers to make a commercial return on their assets, thus reducing the need for investment of public funds raised predominantly from taxes, while still remaining under government control.

On 24 December 1982, the KCRC Ordinance (Cap 372) was enacted and the KCR ceased to be a government department, although it remained wholly owned by the government. Under the Ordinance a managing board, comprising 10 members appointed by the governor (Chairman, managing director and not less than 4 nor more than 8 other members), became responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the Corporation. The Corporation was required to "perform its functions with a view to achieving a rate of return on the assets employed in its undertaking, and in accordance with ordinary commercial criteria, is satisfactory."

The KCR expanded its operations starting in 1984. It accepted an invitation from the government to build and operate a light rail network in the north western New Territories serving the local public transport needs of the future residents of the Tuen Mun and Yuen Long new towns.

The first choice of operator for this network had not in fact been KCR, nor had the construction of a light rail network been decided when the plans for the new towns were first drawn up. Originally the focus had been on Tuen Mun, with the new town being planned from the outset with an 'exclusive public transport right of way' segregated from the ordinary road network. In 1977 the government commissioned Swiss Electrowatt Engineering and Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick & Partners, both as the engineering consultants for the Tuen Mun new town, to undertake the Tuen Mun Transport Study. This involved the evaluation of the respective merits and demerits of various modes of public transport to determine which would best meet the needs of the area.

The final selection came down to a choice of one of three systems – double-deck diesel powered buses, electrically powered trolley buses, and electrically powered light rail vehicles supported by diesel buses serving less densely populated areas or where steeper gradients limited the use of light rail vehicles. Diesel buses, although unquestionably more flexible in operation and requiring far lower initial capital costs, because they did not rely on fixed overhead power lines and tracks like trolley buses and light rail vehicles, were ruled out on grounds of air pollution.

Trolley buses were ruled out on grounds of capital costs, in that the purchase price of a trolley bus was twice that of a diesel bus but offered no greater passenger carrying capacity. They also offered less operational flexibility in that they required the provision of a fixed overhead power line. It was recognised, however, that a case for the use of trolley buses over diesel buses might made were the relative costs of diesel fuel versus electrical power to change.

The consultants' final report of November 1978 recommended the construction of a light rail system. The consultants argued that a light rail system offered "the best technical and economic solution to the future travel needs of Tuen Mun. Such a system would, moreover, help to promote and develop the image of the new town." Light rail vehicles would offer greater passenger carrying capacity than buses, and, although initially more expensive to purchase than diesel or trolley buses, their economic life of around 50 years was far longer than that for diesel and trolley buses of around 15 years. The consultants estimated that over 30 years the light rail system would provide an 8% return on assets assuming an annual discount rate of 15% and an annual inflation rate of 7%. The study finally also recommended the extension of the light railway system to the Yuen Long new town.

The consultants proposed the use of double deck trams each carrying 247 passengers (diesel buses then in operation could each only carry about half that number). The use of single deck trams was ruled out on the grounds of capital cost because of the need to purchase a larger number of vehicles to provide the same total passenger carrying capacity for the system. It would later transpire that no light rail vehicle manufacturer could offer such double deck vehicles and none were prepared to invest in the manufacturing capacity needed to build such vehicles given the relatively small number required. Ultimately single deck vehicles had to be ordered, which although longer at 20.2 metres, can only achieve a similar maximum passenger capacity of around 238 passengers by having all but 26 passengers standing.

These recommendations came at the same time as the government was examining proposals for a mass transit system along the north of Hong Kong Island. As explained by the Secretary for Transport in the Legislative Council on 5 July 1978, the government had asked the then Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC) to plan the construction of a mass transit light rail system on HK Island more or less along the alignment of Hong Kong Tramways' existing line, which had been in operation since 1904 and lacked the capacity to handle anticipated future public transport demands. If MTRC's plan was viable, the government would exercise its option under Section 30 of Tramways Ordinance to buy out the existing tramway operation.

Section 30 of the Ordinance required the government to acquire Hong Kong Tramways' land and assets at their full market value. In exchange for the surrender of the Hong Kong Tramways' Hong Kong Island operations, the government indicated its willingness to offer the right to operate the future Tuen Mun light rail system to the company. However, in January 1983 the government announced that it had not been able to reach an agreement with the Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company (the owner of the Hong Kong Tramways). The main sticking points in the negotiations appear to have been the amount of profit that the company would have been allowed to earn from the Tuen Mun light rail network and the granting of property development rights. Also during this time, the decision had been taken to construct the MTR Island line underground as had been the case with the MTRC's earlier Kwun Tong line.

Subsequent discussions with other possible interested parties also failed and in 1984 the government turned to the KCRC to invite it to take on the construction and operation of the light rail network.

The Light Rail Transit (LRT, known later as the KCR Light Rail and currently simply as the Light Rail) came into service in September 1988. Although the system was generally successful in meeting passenger demand, it was never a commercial success. According to the corporation's annual reports, the system showed an annual cash-operating loss up to 2003.

The KCRC started to participate in property development and management at around the same time as constructing Light Rail. The first joint-venture property development, Pierhead Garden, located above a light rail and bus terminus in Tuen Mun, was completed in 1988. While profits generated from property and commercial services were useful to fund new railway projects, they were never regarded as essential, being generally treated as a useful windfall. The chairman of the KCRC, K Y Yeung, highlighted this in his statement made in the 2002 annual report, by pointing out that "our main source or revenue has always been and will continue to be fares. The receipts from property developments are one-off in nature and are not a dependable, long-term source of revenue for the Corporation."

In 1994 the government published its Railway Development Strategy, which identified the need for a railway to serve the rapidly expanding new towns in the northwestern New Territories. In October 1998 KCR began work on the construction of an entirely new line of some 30.5 km in length, connecting the new towns of Yuen Long, Tin Shui Wai and Tuen Mun with urban Kowloon. Originally estimated to cost HK$64 billion, the government agreed to make an equity injection of HK$29 billion to assist the corporation, with the remaining funds coming either from the corporation's own reserves or through borrowings in the open market. In return the corporation agreed to undertake property development along the line, the profits from which (then estimated to be in excess of HK$20 billion) being returned to the government.

The government also enacted an amendment to the KCR Ordinance in 1998. The purpose of the amendment was to enable the corporation to build new railway projects (other than East Rail and Light Rail) and to raise commercial loans. Also included in the amendment was the removal of the requirement on the corporation to make a return on its fixed assets. This was particularly important as it was recognised that the heavy capital investment in new railways would not enable the corporation to make a commercial return for a good number of years on what would become a far larger asset holding. The basic requirement now placed on the corporation was that. "The Corporation shall conduct its business according to prudent commercial principles and shall ensure as far as possible that, taking one year with another, its revenue is at least sufficient to meet its expenditure."

The KCR West Rail (later the West Rail Line, now the Tuen Ma line on the MTR network) was finally opened on 20 December 2003. As a result of extensive value engineering exercises, the final cost of the project came in much lower than originally forecast at HK$46.6 billion.

The following year two extensions to the East Rail network were commissioned, both lines also forming part of the government's Railway Development Strategy. In October 2004 the KCR East Rail (now the East Rail line on the MTR network) was extended from Hung Hom station to East Tsim Sha Tsui station, enabling KCR services to return to a location close to the original 1910 KCR terminus. In December 2004 Ma On Shan Rail (now the Ma On Shan line on the MTR network) was opened, linking Wu Kai Sha with East Rail at Tai Wai station. Some three years later, in August 2007, a third extension, the Lok Ma Chau Spur Line came into service. Extending from East Rail at Sheung Shui to a second cross-boundary terminal at Lok Ma Chau, the Spur Line was intended to alleviate congestion for cross-boundary travellers at the existing Lo Wu terminal and to provide a convenient connection to the Shenzhen Metro system.

In 2000, the government published its updated Railway Development Strategy. Included was a proposal by KCR to construct a 3.8 km extension to the West Rail line from Nam Cheong station to East Tsim Sha Tsui station, with the existing section of East Rail line from Hung Hom station to East Tsim Sha Tsui station being modified to become part of the extended West Rail line. Known as the Kowloon Southern Link (KSL), the extension, with a new intermediate station at Austin Road, was completed and opened for passenger services on 16 August 2009.

The financial impact of all these new projects can be seen in the declining net profits of the corporation from 2001. Despite increasing passengers, heavy interest expenses on borrowings and depreciation charges on the new assets pushed net profits down to close to zero by the end of 2007. However, if non-cash depreciation charges are excluded, which rose from about HK$700 million in 2001 to HK$2,400 million by 2007, the corporation continued to show a cash operating profit.

Of interest also is that the last fare increase made by the corporation was in 1997. Although proposals were put forward to increase fares over the subsequent 10 years to provide comfort that the corporation would be able to service its increasing debt portfolio created by the need to fund the expansion of the KCR network, these came to naught in light of economic and political pressures. The chairman and chief executive, K.Y. Yeung, most eloquently explained the "catch-22" situation faced by the corporation in his statement contained in the 2001 annual report.

"While the Corporation has autonomy to decide fares, we face the classic dilemma of most publicly owned transport operators when it comes to raising fares. On the one hand, in the current period of economic deflation, there is considerable pressure on public transport operators not to increase fares so as to share the burden of the community. On the other hand, when inflation returns, there will be equal pressure on operators to keep any fare increases below the rate of inflation so as not to fuel inflation.

''The longer term implications of this dilemma for the Corporation are obvious. A way has to be found out of this situation if we are to fund new projects. We must try to devise a consistent policy in respect of fare increases which will allow us to demonstrate to investors that we can generate the necessary stable revenue stream in the medium to long term and which, at the same time, will also allow us to demonstrate to our passengers that our fares will remain competitive with those of alternative modes of public transport."''

Of critical concern to the corporation was the gradual erosion of its cross-boundary market, where for many years it had enjoyed the majority share and was able charge a fare premium. The corporation faced increasing competition from road transport operators, mainly coach operators, following the opening of a number of major crossing points providing convenient road access to Shenzhen and southern China. Profits from this segment of the corporation's transport operations were considered vital to subsidise its domestic services which in general operated at a loss.

Ceased to be a public transport operator
During the construction of the KSL, KCRC ceased to be a public transport operator. The government's Railway Development Strategy 2000 proposed the construction of a new line to link up the northeastern New Territories and the central business area of Hong Kong Island, to be called the Sha Tin to Central Link (SCL). Competitive proposals were invited from both KCRC and the MTR Corporation Limited (MTRCL) to design, build and operate the new line. On 25 June 2002 the government announced that KCRC had won the bid. In the same announcement the government said that, as a separate issue, the chief executive in Council had also instructed the Administration to consider the feasibility of merging the MTRCL and the KCRC into a single rail company.

Following five years of negotiations and the enactment of the Rail Merger Ordinance after its passage through the Legislative Council, the KCRC ceased to be a public transport operator on 2 December 2007, becoming thereafter primarily simply the holder of railway assets. Instead of being the operator of those assets, KCRC granted MTRCL the right to operate KCRC's rail and feeder bus network under a service concession agreement for an initial period of 50 years, which may be extended. In return MTRCL was required to make an upfront payment to KCRC of HK$4.25 billion for the service concession and certain short-lived railway assets of KCRC such as stores and spares, and thereafter a fixed annual payment of HK$750 million and, commencing 36 months after the date of the merger (i.e. 2 December 2010), an additional variable annual payment calculated according to a pre-agreed set of sharing ratios as follows – MTRCL also paid KCRC HK$7.79 billion on the merger for the acquisition of property and other related commercial interests.
 * 10% for gross revenue earned by MTRCL from the KCRC railway assets exceeding HK$2.5 billion and up to HK$5 billion for the year;
 * 15% for gross revenue between HK$5 billion and HK$7.5 billion for the year; and
 * 35% for gross revenue beyond HK$7.5 billion for the year.

KCRC and MTRCL remain as separate entities. KCRC employs a small number of management staff answerable to its Managing Board, with specialist legal, financial and other support being provided through outsourcing and consultancy arrangements. The Corporation's key responsibilities include overseeing and fulfilling its obligations with respect to its service concession with the MTRCL, raising new financing as needed to service its debts (over HK$10 billion was raised in 2009), ensuring compliance with its obligations under a number of cross-border leases covering its rolling stock and other assets, and being the majority shareholder for West Rail Property Development Limited, which is responsible for the development of some 13 residential property sites along West Rail. In addition to the revenue earned from the concession payments made by the MTRCL, it earns rental revenue from leasing out four floors of Citylink Plaza above Sha Tin station. KCRC also retains a 22.1% shareholding in Octopus Holdings Limited (OHL), which was first established in 2005 and is owned by the major public transport operators in Hong Kong. OHL is the holding company of Octopus Cards Limited, which is a world leader in smart card payment systems used not only for making public transport journeys within Hong Kong but also for making small purchases in supermarkets and other convenience stores.

KCRC also remained responsible for funding the full construction costs of the KSL, which was under construction at the time of the merger, with the MTRCL paid a fee for project managing the works. KCRC also funded the purchase of 22 additional light rail vehicles needed to accommodate the increase in patronage expected on light rail feeder routes to West Rail stations as a result of the opening of the KSL. MTRCL assumed responsibility for operating the KSL and the new light rail vehicles under the service concession.

Although the corporation's annual revenues saw a sharp decline from over HK$5.5 billion before the merger to less than HK$1 billion immediately after the merger, its operating costs similarly declined. The corporation was also fortunate in being able to refinance a substantial portion of its large debt portfolio during the low interest environment that prevailed during 2009 and 2010. This reduced the corporation's interest costs by more than half because the effective interest rate on its debt fell from above 7% to around 3%. Excluding non-cash depreciation charges, the corporation enjoys a cash operating profit, which should continue to increase over time as reflected in MTRCL's variable annual payments. The variable annual payment for 2010 was HK$45 million, covering the period from 2 to 31 December 2010 only. For the first full year of 2011 the variable annual payment was HK$647 million. By 2013 the annual variable payment had increased to HK$1,247 million. With the HK$750 million fixed annual payment, the total cash payment made by MTRCL under the Service Concession for 2013 was HK$1.997 billion.

Plans
After the announcement in June 2002 that KCRC had won the bid to design, build and operate the SCL, the corporation proceeded with detailed planning for the project. In 2005, however, work was suspended pending an announcement by the Government of its decision on how and by whom the SCL would in fact be constructed. By this time KCRC had incurred some HK$1.188 billion in costs on the project.

Following the rail merger, the government took over responsibility for the project. According to the government's latest plan as explained to the Legislative Council in March 2008, the cost of building the SCL will be borne by the government, with MTRCL given responsibility for managing the design and construction of the line. The government has indicated that it may vest the completed line in, or lease the line to, KCRC, which would then grant an additional service concession to the MTRCL to operate the line. KCRC has indicated that such an arrangement would enable recovery of the corporation's earlier costs on the project.

Executive management
The following table lists year with chairmen, managing directors, CEOs and chief officers since corporatisation.

Corporate governance
From corporatisation in December 1982 until the rail merger 25 years later, corporate governance issues periodically troubled the corporation. Reflecting this were the changes that took place in the relationship between the chairman of the managing board and the head of the executive management team.

Initially the root causes of this were the commercial and political tensions arising from the change from a government department to an organisation expected to operate in a prudent commercial manner so as to make a return on its fixed assets. While expected to make a profit to comply with its mandate under the KCRC Ordinance, because the corporation remained 100% government owned, it faced at the same time strong public and political pressure not to increase fares. These difficulties were further complicated by corporate governance issues involving senior management and members of the corporation's managing board.

At corporatisation the positions of (non-executive) chairman of the managing board and that of the (executive) managing director were separate, with the managing director answerable to the board for the day-to-day business of the corporation. D M (Bobby) Howes, the previous general manager of KCR remained for a few months until his successor, Peter Quick, took up the post. Unlike Howes, who was a traditional railway man, Quick came from a commercial background, and from the outset, adopted a strong commercial approach to the operation of the railway. His efforts were reflected in the gradually increasing profitability of the corporation.

However, as a result of public controversy in late 1988 over claimed "golden handshakes" paid to two senior executives as a result of termination of their services, and in 1989 a fare increase with the corporation already enjoying a significant profit, the government took the decision that both the chairman and the managing director should leave upon expiry of their period of office.

At the end of 1990, with the appointment of Kevin Hyde, a Lawyer and the former chief executive of New Zealand Railways Corporation, the two formerly separate positions were combined into the single position of chairman and chief executive. During his tenure, Hyde oversaw unprecedented growth in the business as well as spearheading a number of significant commercial and engineering projects, including the West Rail Project. Hyde forged new and productive working relationships with the KCRC's Mainland counterparts and Ministry Officials leading to a number of co-operative projects on both sides of the border. He also introduced a 'post-colonial' ethos within the business, actively developing and promoting local executives and expertise. Hyde left in 1996 having decided that it was important that the business entered the 1997 handover with a local person in the position of chairman and chief executive.

He was replaced by K Y Yeung, a former senior civil servant with the Hong Kong government. While the KCRC continued to prosper financially, K Y Yeung's style of management, founded as it was in his civil service background, did not sit well with some.

In December 2001, the government enacted an amendment to the KCRC Ordinance to provide for the separation of the functions and duties of the chairman from those of the chief executive by creating the office of chief executive officer (CEO), who also became a member of the managing board. The government argued that, with the then planned expansion of the railway network, there was a growing need to separate the strategic planning functions and day-to-day management responsibilities of KCRC. Enacting legislation to separate the functions and duties of the chairman and the CEO was intended to put in place an effective governance structure to ensure transparency, accountability and responsibility. By strengthening the independence of the KCRC board and providing clear lines of reporting, there would be improved checks and balances over senior management.

Unfortunately, as set out in a paper by the legal adviser to Hong Kong's Legislative Council, the amendments did not spell out in detail the duties and functions of the chairman and the CEO, or at least their responsibilities. The government argued that this would not be appropriate as it was important for KCRC, which operated along prudent commercial principles, to retain the flexibility to determine and fine-tune the relationship between the managing board (led by the chairman) and the executives (led by the CEO) to suit its operational needs and the prevailing corporate practices which change over time. This deliberate lack of clarity arguably sowed the seed for a future controversy.

Michael Tien, a businessman, was subsequently appointed as the chairman, with the former chairman and chief executive, K Y Yeung, stepping down to become the CEO. It rapidly became publicly evident, however, that there was personal tension between the two, exemplified by Michael Tien's denial that he was a good friend of K Y Yeung when the two briefed the media in 2002 on the findings of the investigation into the Siemens incident. (The investigation dealt with the payment of an additional HK$100 million to Siemens under a supplementary agreement to the telecommunications contract for the West Rail project, and the interaction between the managing board and the executive management team.)

The situation did not improve with K Y Yeung's departure at the end of 2003, following the opening of West Rail. At the heart of the problem was the lack of clarity in the respective roles and responsibilities of the chairman and the CEO. On 9 March 2006, with the signed support of all 5 operations directors and 19 managers, the Acting chief executive officer, Samuel Lai, wrote to the Managing Board to complain about the leadership style of the chairman. Around 80% of the staff signed in support of Lai. In Lai's letter he stated that little had changed since 2001, and that the necessary distinctions between the different but complementary roles of the executive and non-executive functions frequently became blurred, with the chairman interfering in how day-today matters should be handled.

On the following day, Michael Tien met the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, Donald Tsang. In the afternoon of 12 March 2006, Tien announced his resignation, with the effective date to be determined by Tsang. After further negotiation, Tien withdrew his resignation. The KCRC managing board convened a meeting on 14 March 2006 and decided on a set of measures to more clearly delineate the work of the chairman and CEO.

While the board meeting was being held, 20 of the corporation's senior executives met the media in a room next to where the board meeting was being held. The managing board considered this to be a very serious matter, and that the incident had caused serious damage to the reputation and image of the corporation. A further meeting of the board was held the next day on 15 March 2006. The board decided to terminate the employment contract of one of the 20 senior executives and to issue warning letters to the remaining 19. At the meeting Lai resigned. The reason given in the government's paper to the Legislative Council's Panel on Transport was because Lai, being the CEO, felt that he should be held responsible for the acts of his staff. Lai, in the personal account given in his book published in 2007 (九天風雲 (English title: The Longest Week)), explained that the original decision of the board had been to sack all 20 senior executives, but by his offering to resign, the board had agreed to dismiss only the senior executive who had acted as the spokesman for the 20 on 14 March.

A civil engineer, James Blake, the former Secretary for Works in the Hong Kong Government and afterwards the Senior Director Projects of the corporation until the end of 2003, took over as the chief executive officer (not acting) at age 71. The incident was seen to have sped up the government's plan to merge the operations of Hong Kong's two railway networks. Lai in his book states that at the board meeting held on 15 March 2006, the first item on the agenda was the appointment of Blake as the deputy CEO responsible for the proposed rail merger, which was raised by the then Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury on behalf of the government as the sole shareholder of the corporation. The appointment was unanimously approved. With Lai's resignation, the board had then decided to invite Blake to become the CEO. Lai agreed to stay with the corporation for a while longer to ensure a smooth handover to Blake.

Thereafter matters moved fairly swiftly on the merger, resulting in the corporation finally ceasing to be the operator of its railway assets on 2 December 2007.

Until the rail merger, the KCRC Ordinance had required that the corporation appoint a CEO. As part of the Rail Merger Ordinance an amendment was made to the KCRC Ordinance to provide for the post of the CEO to be left vacant should the corporation so decide. On the merger the decision was taken not to fill the post and instead Mr. James Blake, the former CEO, was appointed as the Chief Officer to head the small management team. The composition of the managing board also changed, the number of members being reduced from 10 (of whom only two were government officials) to six (all of whom are government officials), with the chairman of the board being the Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury.

title: Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation


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Talk:Loch Ness Monster/Archive 2

Two Bodies??
In the Evidence/Evidence For section, we read the following: "There has also been a little published photograph of 2 bodies." These would be human bodies, would they? Doesn't this cry out for amplification? Hi There 05:16, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

No, the bodies look like plesiosaurs!!!!!!!!!!! Frankyboy5 06:12, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

That's very hard to believe, because finding even ONE plesiosaur body would not only solve the "mystery" of the Loch, but would be very possibly the most incredible and unexpected zoological find in all recorded history - as it would be, essentially, finding the recently-deceased body of a dinosaur. If it is true that there is a picture of a plesiosaur carcass or two or even a basking shark ; ) - and you will forgive me if I am highly skeptical - then the article should make this perfectly clear, which it isn't, and needs to give a specific reference for this claim, and, hopefully and helpfully, a link to the picture, along with an explanation as to why such a picture would be "little-published". Hi There 00:42, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Okay, the above comment was written nearly 3 weeks ago and neither amplification nor sources have been forthcoming, so I am just going to delete the sentence with the astounding claim. Hi There 14:30, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

Hi There, it is from Henry Bauer's site. He wrote a book called The Enigma at Loch Ness. He has a few pdfs that tell about the monster and inclueds the shot, as well as the enhancement of the Dinsdale Film. He says that the shadow in the film is really a wake, but that there may be something in front of the object causeing it too, possibly a head. BTW, Tim Dinsdale did see a black anaconda-like head as told in a Discovery Channel TV show. Some say that Dinsdale believed that Nessie is a plesiosaur, but Beckjord claims there is evidence that he thinks she travels through wormholes LOL! Don't ever listen to beckjord. Frankyboy5 23:35, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * If Beckjord is serious, which I question, then his theories would even make Bill Kaysing raise an eyebrow. Wahkeenah 00:27, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
 * frankyboy, cold you put a link to those pdfs? Totnesmartin 01:04, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Take a look :) Frankyboy5 05:07, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

There is lots of info on this site. Maybe we should add the site to the article? Frankyboy5 05:13, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
 * What an excellent site! where's it been all my life? Personally speaking, I'm not convinced by the two-bodies photo (and we can't use it without Rines's permission), but otherwise we really should use this site to improve our article. Beware of copyright and the dreaded POV though... Totnesmartin 12:05, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

When I change the contrast and the brightness of the "Head and Neck" photo, I see and eye on its head. In the two body photo, while it may not be very convincing, I saw two other suspicious things. I saw a plesiosaur like head (blackish with teeth) as well as a head similar to the head in the "Head and Neck" photo beside it!!! Frankyboy5 23:46, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Good thing to know (what the article used to say)
"Keeping true science in mind, the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence". Exactly. There has been no evidence that Nessie doesn't exist and the lack of evidence cannot be counted as evidence it doesent exist. In the fake mockumentary Incident at Loch Ness the "cryptozoologist" Michael Karnow (he "dies" later on by the ship being hit by Nessie!) he said that: (Skeptics) are telling me show us the evidence! But I'm trying to say, show us the non-evidence!Who reverted it??? Frankyboy5 00:35, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I will assume that you do know that one of the elementary principles of formal logic is the impossibility of proving a negative and that, therefore, there can not be evidence that the Loch Ness Monster, or the Tooth Fairy, for that matter, does not exist. Hi There 00:51, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Whoa, someone edited that out? I added it originally. I was under the impression that, as a scientist, I knew what I was talking about. However perhaps I can still add what I would hope to be a few pearls of wisdom. While I admit that the scientific community cannot disprove the existence of the tooth fairy, we can still assign a likelihood to that existence. Since science must begin with observation of some kind, and I have yet to hear of someone actually reporting an encounter with the tooth fairy (maybe I'm reading the wrong journals), we would tend to label claims of its existence (until stronger evidence turns up, like an out-of-focus photograph taken from 100 yards or some tooth fairy pelts or droppings to analyze) as spurious at best. I imagine that mention of the tooth fairy was an extreme example designed to discredit arguments that the Loch Ness 'Monster' may be real. In any case people vest too much in Nessie's out-of-focus photographs. Photographic evidence is, sad to say, subjective. Look for the objective. Objectice evidence of strange happenings in Loch Ness include acoustic data, most notably acoustic monitoring and sonar records. Unfortunately many who involve themselves in this sort of debate never review all of the facts before they join battle. Fringe elements that claim there is a plesiosaur in Loch Ness do not help matters but instead turn the entire argument into a laughable fiasco (I hate that word but nothing describes it better). Because evidence of large, unidentified animals in Ness has been reproduced by experts in various fields many times using different instrumentation, we are simply required to soldier on and continue looking until we can look no more. The flak against merely looking is what I find to be most irksome about all of this business - I'm here defending our responsibilities as scientists. Why do skeptics have a vested interest in coming here to bash the simple possibility of something unique beyond experience afoot? As innocuous as it seems, it is the seed of ignorance. We cannot close our eyes to the workings of the natural world simply because what we find appears to be beyond momentary understanding. Modern science exults over the corpses of upturned paradigms.
 * Cupbearer 01:50, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Absence of evidence can never be absolute. For instance, if someone says that Loch Ness doesn't have enough fish to support a plesiosaur, then that merely says "Nessie isn't a plesiosaur", not "there is no Nessie". (personally i'm against the plesiosaur theory on grounds of plesiosaur anatomy not matching nessie descriptions, but that's another kettle of fish). Totnesmartin 19:39, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

This applies to many other mysteries such as Bigfoot, The Hindenburg being sabotaged and many more. I can defend the plesiosaur theory and even the recent one about the anatomy by saying that there is no proof that it is specifically a muraenosaurus. It may be a plesiosaur of a completely new species that has stronger neck muscles. Also, the fish supply is said to be at least nine times more that originally thought. Frankyboy5 23:05, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

 * if it's possibly a plesiosaur that's evolved an uprightable (is that a word?) neck, then why not say it's (eg) a long necked seal - which would set aside lots of arguments about plesiosaurs. Totnesmartin 18:19, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

I added this information onto LZ 129 Hindenburg in the section about the sabotage theory (which I believe) but somebody removed it and said that it is oirginal research. I think that's why it got removed. Frankyboy5 01:00, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The Hindenburg was sabotaged by a plesiosaur? Wahkeenah 01:17, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Very funny LOL! But I meant to say that I added something like this to the article (LZ 129 Hindenburg):

However, keeping true science in mind, "the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence", which means there is no evidence that the Hindenburg wasn't sabotaged. Frankyboy5 02:40, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The available evidence does not suggest sabatoge of the LZ-129, nor does it suggest there is a plesiosaur in Loch Ness. Philosophically, that Dick Cheney quote might be true, but then it's arguably true for all situations, and has no real practical value. Scientifically speaking, you can only go with what you have. If you have an alternate hyphothesis, but no evidence to support it, it's off the table until such evidence, if any, comes to the surface (how's that for an apt metaphor?) Wahkeenah 03:26, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes it does for the D-LZ129 (that's the correct way to spell it) being sabotaged. Read the part about rigger Hans Freund and Helmut Lau in the Sabotage theory section. Frankyboy5 04:48, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I stand corrected. However, those who examined the evidence concluded it was not sabotage. Maybe it was, but we'll likely never know for sure. It doesn't compare well with Nessie, since it only happened once, whereas Nessie has supposedly been around for hundreds of years without anything resembling a definitive sighting. Wahkeenah 05:08, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

its true
I think that the legend or belief of the monster in the lake is true. there is a lot of proof that is not phony and if scientists took a closer look they could find it.
 * They've looked for it for centuries and have come up with nothing. Wahkeenah 22:09, 9 November 2006 (UTC)
 * nothing except for some photographs and sonar returns - and have only been looking sporadically for 30 years, not centuries.

Plesiosaur theory section
Is it just me or is the section badly written? it looks more like a pub argument than an encyclopedia entry. Totnesmartin 19:43, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Tanystropheus
I found out that there are quite a few people in the forums of Cryptozoology.com that believe Nessie is a Tanystropheus. I don't find this likely because tanny had legs, not flippers as nessie is alleged to have. But should there be something about the other theories?
 * Why not? It doesn't exist, so it could be anything. :) Wahkeenah 02:02, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * What are your grounds for this continuous assertion?Totnesmartin 12:14, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * That after all these centuries, it has never been found. The coelecanth, a fish much smaller than this critter is supposed to be, was found in the middle of the freakin' ocean. This is only a lake, and they've never found one of these guys yet. Logic tells me it doesn't exist. Wahkeenah 16:38, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Logic tells you one thing, but there are many witness reports to say otherwise. Totnesmartin 17:33, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

Back to tanystropheus: there are lots of objections to this idea. The same fossil is cited in reference to Champ - do we have tanystropheus creep? Totnesmartin 17:38, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Does that creature fit the supposed evidence or observations in both cases? Is the creature notably elusive? Could they be cousins? Wahkeenah 18:02, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. The whole tany thing is pretty spurious anyway - the genus became extinct in the Triassic period. I'm not aware of either lake monster having such a long, thin neck. Totnesmartin 18:15, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Adding to the doubts is that the descriptions of Nessie often contradict each other. Wahkeenah 19:07, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * True. There haven't been many sightings by trained observers expecting to see something, so there's a lot of vagueness and imprecision. Totnesmartin 19:27, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

Boat wakes
(split from tanystropheus) Recently I saw a TV show someplace where they demonstrated that what might looks like a set of "humps" in a single still photo can actually be simulated by the rippling action from a motorboat's wake. Wahkeenah 20:04, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * That doesn't get mentioned a lot, but it's a good point. Loch Ness is long and thin, with (roughly) parallel sides. When a boat goes through, the waves spread out, and bounce back to create strange waves - and the boat is long gone! This is why we have to be careful about reports of sightings, and check carefully. Totnesmartin 20:45, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Indeed. And it's one of the reasons that individual photos and films have to looked upon with skepticism. You never know. Recently they caught the giant squid live on film for the first time ever. But numerous carcasses of the animal had been found in the past. You would think, with the hundreds of years since Nessie was first seen, that they would have a few bodies, unless this thing is immortal (like its legend). Wahkeenah 21:53, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * there are many comparisons with marine life that are not really looked at much. Sharks sink when they die, and so are hardly ever washed up. Some sharks and whales migrate to a certain area and then never eat when there. I have hardly ever seen these arguments used in relation to lake monsters, just lots of stuff about what species of plesiosaur it is. Sorry, that's a bit rantish...Totnesmartin 22:02, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * What if some 'boat-wakes' can also be caused by the monster? In the 1990s somebody photographed a wake with no boats nearby. The AAS got a v-shaped wake on film in 2001. The small picture they shown (see under the plesiosaur theory in the article) shows that it was as if something was in front of the wake and was just underwater. What if Nessie is following behind you in your boat's wake? It could happen....... Frankyboy5 23:19, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Remember the loch is a mile wide so a boat that's long gone really IS long gone. However, yes a monster could cause a wake - but we can't assume that a wake is evidence of a monster.Totnesmartin 23:45, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * There is no evidence some wakes aren't caused by the monster, keep true science in mind guys. Remember that although there is no evidence that Nessie exists there is no evidence that it doesn't exist. Lakes are dead calm when most sightings are reported. While it's true that boat wakes could last longer on calm days there is no evidence that it can't be a monster's wake. BTW, you need an NPOV to solve the mystery, just like Adrian Shine, who is a "skeptic" but is still looking for the monster because he believes that a NPOV is the only way to solve the mystery once and for all. Frankyboy5 04:23, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Logic and reason enter into science. If you keep looking for something and don't find it, there are only a couple of possibilities: (1) it is somehow beyond your detection capabilities, or (2) it doesn't exist. The more you search for something and still continue to come up empty, the more you're inclined toward option (2). People used to think there was such a thing as "the ether", also. Wahkeenah 05:20, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
 * "there is no evidence some wakes aren't caused by the monster" - what? So every wake is caused by the monster? Here's some stuff about wakes: -

-. This is why I can't accept that a sighting of humps is a sighting of a monster. It has to stick its neck out (if it is a neck).Totnesmartin 11:42, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm reminded of Criswell's statement at the end of Plan 9 from Outer Space: "Can you prove it didn't happen?" Wahkeenah 11:51, 24 November 2006 (UTC)
 * However, some sightings tell of a wake that dives in, indicating something that is not a boat. The wake also has a beginning to it, although it can't be seen on the surface. The wake even moves. One sighting seen by 26 people in a bar told of a wake that moved and dove and appeared again for about 8-12 minutes. Frankyboy5 16:52, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * People almost invariably see these wakes, whether caused by boats or whatever, as waves breaking on the shore of the loch. By the time they reach the shore they have crossed half/three-quarters of the mile-wide loch and are travelling almost parallel to the shore. They are only noticeable on a calm day and given the distance they have travelled, it is impossible to infer diving and appearing from them. My experience is that they generally arrive at the shore 5-10 minutes after a large boat has passed by. -- Derek Ross | Talk 17:04, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * My original point was about waves reflecting off the shore, returning to the centre and recombining in a hump-like manner.Totnesmartin 17:09, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Well that's an interesting idea and I wouldn't rule it out without a bit of research but my first thoughts are that you wouldn't get much reflection. The shoreline is mostly sandy, pebbly or rocky beach and tends to absorb wakes rather than reflecting them. There isn't that much of the cliff-type shore with deep water that would reflect strongly. However there may be enough. It's certainly something that would bear investigation as a possible cause of monster sightings. -- Derek Ross | Talk 19:43, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm basing my assertion on a series of photographs I saw once. The wake from a boat was photographed spreading out, then reflecting back, then meeting its oppsite number in the centre and creating hump-like waves. Without seeing those photos, the concept would never have occurred to me. Totnesmartin 19:57, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * And that TV show, on Discovery or wherever it was, showed that it could happen, and was presumably repeatable. I'd like to know how it is that people have no trouble finding whales in the ocean, yet can't find a large creature (and there would have to be at least two of them, right?) in this relatively small body of water. It just doesn't add up. But it does sell lots of T-shirts and such stuff as that. Wahkeenah 19:47, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

(There's actually a lot of trouble finding whales - some are known only from a couple of washed-up carcasses). There's a lot that doesn't add up about nessie - almost as if there's not enough evidence too support a monster, and too much to dismiss it entirely; which is why these arguments have been going round and round for the last 70-odd years.Totnesmartin 20:02, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

The Loch and the Azure Main
Loch Ness is not that small, it's the deepest lake in all of Britain. Although some doubt plesiosaurs to live there just because Loch Ness has only existed since the last Ice Age, remember: anything is possible. There is some evidence that Loch Ness was once connected to the sea(see the section of the plesiosaur theory about the AAS disovering two seashells). Frankyboy5 05:32, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * fossil evidence from the loch floor simply shows that the loch was part of the sea milions of years ago. But then, Britain was a cluster of coral reefs surrounded by tropical seas during the mesozoic period. (And you could still get change from a shilling.) Totnesmartin 11:32, 24 November 2006 (UTC)
 * That was around the time when Britain, first at Heav'n's command, arose from out the azure main, yes? Wahkeenah 11:49, 24 November 2006 (UTC)
 * That's a good quote! who is it? And yes, that's when Britain was born, although it still had a few changes to go in the following 150 million years.Totnesmartin 20:07, 24 November 2006 (UTC)
 * See verse 1 of Rule Britannia -- Derek Ross | Talk 21:11, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

 * The Loch still is connected to the sea by the River Ness. Totnesmartin 11:24, 24 November 2006 (UTC)
 * The obvious thing to do, then, is to monitor that river. Wahkeenah 11:49, 24 November 2006 (UTC)
 * should be do-able, it runs through Inverness, capital of the Highland region Totnesmartin 20:05, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

 * It's also connected to the sea by the Caledonian canal, of which it forms a part, but the river is fairly shallow and the canal is only deep enough for fishing-trawler-sized vessels. Fish can come up it, salmon, sturgeon and the like, without being noticed. But something the size of a small whale is going to have to go through the canal's lock system if it wants to get from the sea to the loch and it won't do that without attracting attention. -- Derek Ross | Talk 21:11, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

Assertion, discussion and evidence
(split from Boat Wakes) My theory is that Nessie comes and goes via wormholes, like the UFO's, bigfoot, and victims of the Bermuda Triangle do. And, apparently, odd socks in the washing machine. Wahkeenah 20:15, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Missing socks - definitely paranormal! Perhaps nessie eats them?Totnesmartin 20:18, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Perhaps Nessie's made from them. Its head looks kind of like a large sockpuppet, don'cha know. Wahkeenah 20:21, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * So THAT's why close-up witnesses describe it as repulsive!Totnesmartin 20:24, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

Well the way that I look at it the monster isn't real but the monster sightings are. That way you only have to explain how people see what they think is the monster rather than having to explain how a monster could exist. The former is much easier than the latter. Mirages, wakes, etc. really do exist on the Loch. Large animals don't. -- Derek Ross | Talk 21:01, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

I thought Wahkeenah was a skeptic!!!!!! Why is he talking about the paranormal theory now? He is like Jon-Erik Beckjord, the controversial Bigfoot researcher. He got banned for adding links to Wikipedia as well as agressively defending his theory in forums!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

The person working in the bar at the time of the sighting said that the wake zig-zagged and disappeared, and then reappeared somewhere else.

In another sighting a fisherman saw a disturbance and suddenly an animal with a long neck and "a face like a black labrador dog". He even rubbed his eyes and still saw the creature. The creature then dove and a hump appeared. Frankyboy5 01:35, 21 November 2006 (UTC)
 * frankyboy, Wahkeenah is nowhere near Beckjord. I asked him to defend his assertions and he did, in a rational manner. i can't really see beckjord doing that. Talk nice to people and if they talk nice back, you can deal with them. if you want to ask Wahkeenah about his UFO or wormhole ideas, ask him, rather than shouting. Totnesmartin 13:39, 21 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm hoping both frankyboy and I are merely trying to be funny. However, maybe I should read about this Beckjord guy. First, I'll have to see how to pronounce it. Wahkeenah 13:48, 21 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Wow. Am I behind the curve, or what? He thought of this years before I did. Now, if he comes out with a theory for perpetual motion, he'll really have some credibility. Meanwhile, I'm guessing it's pronounced "BECK-jord". Wahkeenah 13:54, 21 November 2006 (UTC)
 * interesting sighting reports. What are the sources? We need properly sourced material in the Nessie debate.Totnesmartin 13:41, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

Ban TV Show Loch Ness Monster: Search for the Truth as well as webcam and fan club (This is 100% serious)
(split from Assertion, discussion and evidence)The sightings are from a show called Loch Ness Monster: Search for the Truth, which aired on Animal Planet(in my country) recently. It documents GUST's search for the monster. The don't get to find it but had a strange sonar contact over night. ''Beware: some will find some of it's content, well, "bad" and shouldn't watch it. I mean, many Christian groups will definitely go against this documentary if they see it.'' Frankyboy5 05:25, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, that's certainly a good enough reason to ban it. Luckily, they don't watch science programs on TV, since they disagree with them. Wahkeenah 06:01, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

You know why they will go against the documentary? It's on BBC, the Nessie on the Net Webcam site, The Loch Ness Monster Fan Club, and GUST's site. Just guess what it is that's really bad. It's in the beginning of the TV show. Definitely not a recommended documentary for everyone, especially Christians.

Ban the show! Ban the show!!!!! Frankyboy5 23:26, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't even know what's in the show that would offend Christians, but we can't take that chance. Ban it! Wahkeenah 00:22, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Wahkeenah, please stop joking around. I'm being 100% serious. I'll repeat that: 100% serious. Go to BBC, the Nessie on the Net Webcam site, The Loch Ness Monster Fan Club, and GUST's site! It's a highlight on the front page of the webcam and the fan club site. It something to do with a bad person(s maybe more than one?) (won't tell you what they are) doing something to the loch, as well as Nessie. Not physically, but another way. Don't just ban the show, but also the webcam, the fan club as well as BBC's articles about those people, whatever they are. Ban the sites and shows! Frankyboy5 05:04, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't want to go to some spam-laden site. Tell me what, precisely, Christians would have a problem with, beyond their usual complaints about evolution theories? Wahkeenah 06:30, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I thought the Christian Mujahaddin actually liked Nessie! On Answers in Genesis, there's a big speil about how dinosaurs didn't really die out and that there's plenty of evidence of them being still around - one plank of this illuminating argument is the Loch Ness Monster!--Oscar Bravo 08:01, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Since he won't answer my question, I continue to assume it's a joke. Wahkeenah 15:30, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Fine fine, it has something to do with witches. Frankyboy5 15:57, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
 * You continue to play this game, so I continue to assume it's a joke. Wahkeenah 16:08, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

(deleted and transferred to Frankyboy's talk page, as it was going off-topic) Totnesmartin 12:21, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Other mysteries of Loch Ness
I remember reading a kid's book on the monster and it also told of other mysteries in Loch Ness. Some say that there is a ghost ship in the loch that appears every few decades. I think every twenty years but I could be wrong. They say it should have appeared in 1982.

They also said that a man on a mountain near Loch Ness was mad and said that if he were telling the truth, that his footprints would stay and not wash away, or get dug away and would always reappear. No citations but that kid's book, it's non-fictional so it's reliable. Frankyboy5 23:41, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Maybe the ghost ship is the residence of the monster, and hence the critter only shows up once in awhile... kind of like the Brigadoon story, also set in Scotland. I wonder if the monster can sing and dance like Gene Kelly or Van Johnson? Wahkeenah 00:24, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

 * "it's non-fictional so it's reliable" - sadly, in books about mysteries, this isn't always true. Lots of long-disproved crap gets recycled book in book out, and trying to get to the truth is a difficult process that doesn't always make for a "good" (sellable) book. This is because most publishers, and many writers, are more concerned about what will sell (so they can eat, pay the rent etc) than with being accurate. The general public likes a mystery and is happy to buy a book about mysteries simply as entertainment. Because of all this, the number of really good books in this area is actually very small. too small if you ask me. Oh, there I go again...! Totnesmartin 11:14, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

It's from a school library. Frankyboy5 00:04, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
 * my school library had Erich von Daniken. Totnesmartin 11:12, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I wonder what ol' Erich had to say about Loch Ness? Maybe Nessie is an "ancient astronaut"? (speaking of which, see next section). Wahkeenah 13:40, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd rather not know. I only mentioned him to point out that school libraries are just as fallible as anywhere else. Totnesmartin 16:19, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, it's a little scary that someone would think that finding a book in a school library ensures its credibility. I recall our school library had the Dick and Jane series. It was a pack of lies. It was also subversive. "See puff go up" was a hidden message about pot-smoking. Wahkeenah 16:27, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

It was in the non-fiction section of the library. There really are rumors of ghost ships in Loch Ness and that it has a halo on it. But there is very little info on the web. Frankyboy5 08:39, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, that validates it. Meanwhile, just try to find a "non-fiction" section on the Internet! Wahkeenah 08:56, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

Nautical lore
Someone's categorised this article as "nautical lore". Does nautical include inland waters such as this? Totnesmartin 22:33, 24 November 2006 (UTC)
 * The word "nautical" means "pertaining to sailing". The word "astronaut", for example, literally means "star sailor". Wahkeenah 13:39, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Sightings
I'm putting in some sighting reports, to show how the modern view of nessie has come about. I just realised that the article seems to be edited by people who accept the concept of nessie as a given (whether they believe in it or not), and has become a debate about nessie's nature rather than an overview of the subject. For instance, there is stuff about what kind of plesiosaur it might be, but nothing about why the plesiosaur idea came up in the first place. So some reports of it looking like one are needed. Obviously we can't put every sighting in, that would be ridiculous, but the main good-quality sightings and a couple of recent ones would probably cover it. Totnesmartin 13:25, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't know, but I suspect the plesiosaur idea came from the hoax "surgeon's photo". Wahkeenah 19:22, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
 * looks like the hoax was based on the Spicer and Armstrong sightings I just put up. Even though they aren't especially plesiosaurish... Totnesmartin 21:22, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

Standing Wave
I read an article in Discover magazine some years ago about Loch Ness and they mentioned that Loch Ness has a standing wave (I think called a seiche or something) in it. I didn't see any mention of this in the article. Titanium Dragon 12:34, 4 December 2006 (UTC)
 * There's some links in this discussion page (under "boat wakes"); I will add a bit in the main article when I get time (lots of College deadlines ATM). Totnesmartin 16:21, 4 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Done, but needs a hydrologist to see if I understood it right (physics - eeek!) Totnesmartin 21:10, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Archive
This talk page is now pretty big. I'm going to archive the old stuff on Saturday unless there are any reasonable objections. Totnesmartin 21:47, 5 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Just make sure you retain the useful stuff. (That should make for a short page. >:) Wahkeenah 23:58, 5 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Will do. I'm not going to delete anything, just archive all the discussions that have finished. Totnesmartin 11:54, 6 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Done. Totnesmartin 10:46, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Glitch
Now, I found a glitch with the article when I added the following:

On June 17, 1993 a young mother, Edna MacInnes, and her boyfriend David Mackay, both of Inverness, Scotland, claimed to have watched the Loch Ness monster for 10 minutes. MacInnes, age 25, told BBC Radio 4's Today program that the 40 foot monster swam around, waving its long giraffe-like neck and then vanished into the murky waters of the loch in what was the first major sighting of the year.

"It was a very light colored brown. You could see it very clearly," Miss MacInnes recalled. The creature was estimated to be a mile away, but appeared huge. Edna MacInnes reportedly ran along the shore in an attempt to keep up with Nessie.

"I was scared when the wash from its wake lapped on the shore, but I just kept running behind it. By the time it plunged below the surface I was running as fast as I could go," Miss MacInnes exclaimed. She and her boyfriend ran to get a camera and binoculars from a relative's house nearby and returned to the Loch. Shortly thereafter they had another sighting. This time the creature was only 20 feet from the shore, and David attempted to photograph Nessie. Unfortunately, the resulting photos showed a wake but no monster.

Later the same evening, James MacIntosh of Inverness was returning from a fishing trip with his son, also named James . Young James first sighted the unidentified object, telling his father, "Dad, that's not a boat ."

"I was concentrating on my driving but I looked over the loch and I suddenly saw this brown thing with a neck like a giraffe break the surface. It was an eerie experience. It was swimming quite swiftly away from the shore at the time," recounted the elder MacIntosh.

A third sighting was also reported. A woman named Lorraine Davidson large wake about half a mile long in the loch when no boats were seen for miles. She also said that the shape of the wake wasn't like a boat wake either.

Then, the article cut off and skipped some part of the Surgeon's Photo section.

The sections See also, References and External links are gone for no reason!! Stupid glitch!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Frankyboy5 (talk • contribs) 02:53, 7 December 2006 (UTC).

 * I found the problem. You had missed out a / . --Guinnog 03:25, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Three sightings in one night
First the good news: I was looking for a good, fairly recent case. thanks for putting this in. Now the bad news: It's a direct cut&paste from Strangemag.com and will have to be rewritten to avoid copyright violation. I'll try to put this right before the Americans wake up. Totnesmartin 11:59, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
 * DoneTotnesmartin 12:51, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Info botch
the new infox caption says: "unsubstantiately claimed to be a hoax by Chris Spurling", while technically true, is a complete hash of a sentence. It doesn't say (to a casual visitor to the article) who Chris Spurling might be, and "unsubstantiatedly" is dreadful. Can anyone out there write a better sentence? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Totnesmartin (talk • contribs) 14:36, 16 December 2006 (UTC).

I've changed it to "Which remains controversial", which is about as neutral as possible. This really is too hot to allow it get out of control. We need to agree on a neutral title. Is it possible to make one small section uneditable by new or unregistered users? We need to keep it as it is until we can find a descriptive, neutral standpoint between "Unsubstantiatedly claimed to be a hoax" and "Revealed as fake". If I say that I was the second sniper who killed JFK, some places could claim it was so, or say it was unsubstantiated. That's the problem in saying outright that it is fake. Anyone have a good idea for a compromise? We want a short phrase that says "A person living in the area at the time claimed it was fake, however, the original photographer, a reputable surgeon, has never said that it is fake". Chamale 03:36, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * It has its own section in the article, so we could say "although claimed to be a hoax, it remains controversial (see article)". Totnesmartin 13:17, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

I put something in saying "please don't edit" for the Surgeon's photo. Chamale 01:04, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Source for Surgeon's Photo'
There is currently a citation needed tag in the surgons photo section. According to www.museumofhoaxes.com/nessie.html the otter/bird theory comes from Stewart Campbell writing in the British Journal of Photography in 1984. To put in the source, should this quote the website? Or quote the journal? I personaly woudl want to quote the journal, however since I dont have direct access to the journal, how woudl I honestly know if it is writen there or not? TheHungryTiger 15:59, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

Please fix "doesn't exist", first paragraph
There is a short sentence that says "Doesn't exist." below the first paragraph on this page. The statement is a matter of opinion, and should be removed. Unfortunately, the author of the statement has hidden it within some wiki formatting. Can someone better versed in editing Wikipedia please remove this statement?

Thanks. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 208.125.72.42 (talk) 16:27, 28 December 2006 (UTC).

Status: Unconfirmed??
Unconfirmed? This is pseudoscience pure and simple, as defined by the following from Pseudoscience:
 * Use of vague, exaggerated or untestable claims
 * Over-reliance on confirmation rather than refutation
 * Reversed burden of proof. In science, the burden of proof rests on the individual making a claim, not on the critic.
 * Lack of openness to testing by other experts
 * Evasion of peer review before publicizing results (called "science by press conference").
 * Lack of progress

I'm going to change the status to unsubstantiated, trying to resist using something as inflammatory as "Bogus" or "What a crock". Throughout the history of natural science, whenever someone cannot explain what has been observed, there is reliance on the supernatural or mythology.Orangemarlin 18:32, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes. However, examples of this would have included ball lightning, continental drift and meteorites at various times, so we have to be careful. --Guinnog 18:02, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure I know what you mean. I don't think continental drift was ever "pseudoscience".  But I may not get the drift of your sentence, so to speak!Orangemarlin 18:21, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * LOL. Oh yes, see the article. For example, "For their part, the geologists ignored Wegener's copious body of evidence, allowing their adherence to a theory to override the actual data, when the scientific method would seem to demand the reverse approach - a common obstacle to the advancement of knowledge (see paradigm shift and belief perseverance)." and "even in 1977 a textbook could write the relatively weak: "a poll of geologists now would probably show a substantial majority who favor the idea of drift" and devote a section to a serious consideration of the objections to the theory (Davis, 1977)."

 * If we were discussing the subject any time before the late 1960s, continental drift would have been considered utter pseudoscience. It is now accepted as being real. I do not personally place the LNM in the same category, but I wanted to caution you against too black-and-white a view of such matters. --Guinnog 18:35, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Please read the definition of Pseudoscience above. Continental drift may have been considered an unproven hypothesis, but it was being studied by reasonable people, submitted to peer-reviewed journals, and numerous scientists were studying how continents moved.  There were hypotheses about the movement of land masses, as a result of tons of data from palentological to geologic.  The method  of how it happened was under study.  And there were a number of dead ends, which is true of all sciences.  Other than media-centric attempts to find this myth, not a single reasonable scientist is involved.  Without some sort of proof, this is merely a myth, without any underlying science to it.  Orangemarlin 23:24, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I already did. While I agree with you in theory, unfortunately in real life, scientists can be stubborn, inflexible and unreasonable, like all human beings. While I am not saying for a moment that the LNM is a modern example of this as I personally don't think it exists, I would just caution you against seeing things in such black and white terms. Sometimes the majority for years and years turns out to be wrong in the end. --Guinnog 04:13, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

NPOV--Plesiosaur theory
This is pseudoscience. Searching for a dinosaur explanation for the Loch Ness Myth is not real science. The theory that this myth is a dinosaur has been falsified so many times, that the search is fruitless. This section gives undue weight WP:Undue weight to the few searches for this myth as opposed to the huge number of paleontologists who either don't care, don't believe, or wouldn't ruin their reputation by participating. Orangemarlin 18:49, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

 * If I may say so, the above is the opinion of someone who doesn't believe in Nessie, that cryptozoology is psuedoscience. But before anyone gets out of shape, here's why I say that...

 * First, I share the opinion that Nessie does not exist, so I agree wholeheartedly with Orangemarlin. The reason for it is one very simple fact: out of all the years of exploring the loch, out of all the years looking through cameras, operating sonar, standing cold on a beach just plain hoping one of those things would pop up, NOBODY, and I mean NOBODY, has ever thought that the one sure way to establish the existance of the thing was something NOBODY ever thought of doing...and that is getting hold of a proven-to-catch-and-kill-whales drift net and dropping it in the loch.  Such a net would settle the argument within 24 hours, and if Nessie is caught alive...well, the people on the beach would do what many nature show hosts have done with other animals over the years: put a camera in its face, tie a collar on its neck, put a tag in its ear, and paint a number on its butt, then let the thing go!

 * Second, as to cryptozoology being psuedoscience, I have to disagree. Reports of hidden animals have to be investigated properly, and if they don't exist, then the people who believe in them will just have to swallow their pride and move on.  Mainstream science will not make a move to look for such an animal, but they don't get it that at one time the gorilla, the okapi, the komodo dragon, and a bunch of others were considered cryptids.  The latest one to go from cryptid to actual is the ivory billed woodpecker, declared extinct some thirty years ago.  It's flying about in Arkansas.  Carajou 23:00, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Cryptozoology is definitely pseudoscience, and that's insulting pseudoscience everywhere. The Ivory Billed Woodpecker, first of all is still extinct, since there are no confirmed sightings, and second is not a cryptid--just a presumed extinct animal, that was once known.  Bigfoot or the Loch Ness hallucination have never been shown to exist by either fossils or by actual evidence.  Those qualify as cryptids.  Orangemarlin 23:28, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The ivorybill has been confirmed again just two weeks ago. And the first part of the scientific method is observation...they got to see it in action.  Nessie is something made up, and I'm still demanding someone drop the net in the loch.  Bigfoot on the other hand has actual physical evidence, but this evidence only indicates the presence of an unknown primate (hair and scat samples only), plus it has fossil evidence in gigantopithicus blacki.  Yes, I would like to see one caught, killed, stuffed, mounted, or maybe caught and tagged and released with a number painted on its butt.  But don't write off something just yet because we don't have the thing on a slab.  Carajou 01:08, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

As far as the plesiosaur theory goes, that is part of the history of the Loch Ness Monster. The long-necked seal theory is part of the history; the giant worm; the giant eel; the gas-filled log bobbing up from the bottom...all of these are theories that have been postulated over the years. It does not matter a whit which side of the Nessie fence you're on; both sides of the monster's history deserve to be placed on this page. Carajou 21:43, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

There IS fossil evidence for Nessie... It's called Cryptoclidus. And they have found the carcass of large animals not known to science. http://www.cryingvoice.com/Evolution/gifs/plesiosaur.jpg

 * It is NOT evidence for several reasons: 1) Nobody on that ship thought to save the carcasss; it was tossed overboard due to the stench; 2) Nobody on that ship thought to save a piece of that carcass to give to their scientist buddies, due to stench. 3) the pattern of decay and shape of the carcass itself only points to one animal: the basking shark. It rots in such a way as to resemble a sea monster.  Case closed.  Carajou 08:47, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

It may be real or not. The fishermen rejected the shhark theory because the vertebra are too long for a shark. Some thought it was a shark because they took tissue samples and said it was 96% similar to that of shark protein. There is a possibility that Nessie is a distant relative of the plesiosaurs, but has very different neck bones that let it stick its head out!

Anyway, never make automatic assumptions in science, that's very bad science. They assumed that the Green-winged Teal was conspecific with the Common Teal because of appearance but now they say they are more related to the Speckled Teal than to each other. Some recent studies of the Green Peafowl suggest that either there is more than three subspecies, or that there are up to six distinct species. Same thing is with the plesiosaur because they assumed that the plesiosaur could stick its head out like a swan. Frankyboy5 14:55, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Yeah, that's right...NEVER MAKE ASSUMPTIONS IN SCIENCE. That includes turning smelly carcasses into sea monsters when all you have of the smelly carcass is a cheap photgraph.  You don't have the body on a slab; you don't have a tissue sample; and yet you sit there and demand that we should accept this picture and only this picture as that of a sea monster because you think so.  To quote you again, Frankyboy, that's very bad science.  Carajou 01:43, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Blocking request
Does anyone object if I semi-protect this article? personally I'm fed up with the continuous petty vandalism, but i won't block unless someone else concurs. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Totnesmartin (talk • contribs) 17:40, 3 January 2007 (UTC).

 * Block away. It needs it. Orangemarlin 17:55, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Erm, blocked or not, somebody added 'poop' to the name of the Loch Ness Monster.
 * so much for my blocking attempt! Totnesmartin 23:45, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

Contents arrangement
If I may make a suggestion as to the formatting of the article, arrange it this way:

Subject heading (introduce the article)

Contents

Description (this is the claimed description of the animal, as given in the sightings)

Early History (with subheadings of St Columba and sightings until 1900 or so)

Sightings up until present (incidents like Surgeon's photo can be briefly discussed here, with more detail below)

Photographic evidence (with subheadings of first photo, Surgeon's photo, others, etc. This can include reasons why photos have been debunked...if possible include the photos.)

Film evidence (subheadings of Dinsdale's film, etc)

Sonar evidence (subheadings of 1988 expedition, others)

Theories as to the type of animal claimed to be.

Scientific evidence (include that which supports it as well as that which refutes it; this can include serious research by pro and con alike)

References

Further reading

Get as much source material as you can, including photos, film stills, sonar pics...illustrate it! Carajou 22:20, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I think the Hoaxes section needs to be kept; they're part of the story too.
 * pictures, well... one or two more would be good. we need the original of the flipper photo, not the misleading retouched version.
 * extra bit: the plesiosaur section is a bit too long, I'll have a chew on that later. Totnesmartin 17:30, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I know where to get the old classic pics, including the first one, and the uncropped Surgeon's photo. Carajou 07:27, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Two points
Where, if anywhere is it referred to as "Ness" as opposed to "Nessie" etc?

Secondly, although I realise the likes of Loren Coleman persist in this usage, and Scots are starting to pronounce it "lock", lochs are not called "lakes" by Scots (with two exceptions), and it is even considered somewhat offensive to call them such. --MacRusgail 15:28, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

1. Is what referrred to as Ness/Nessie? I'm not sure what you mean here. 2. The article does not call it a lake. the word lake is only used to describe the loch once, in the intro, simply to say what loch means (for the benefit of non-Scottish readers). "Lake monster" is the standard name for this type of creature (whether real or not) throughout the world. Totnesmartin 19:34, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The meaning of "loch" (which has a freshwater and saltwater meaning) can be found at the relevant article. If you refer to "loch Ness" as a lake in Scotland, you will often receive no thanks from a Scot - we have only two lakes in Scotland - Lake of Menteith and Lake of the Hirsel.--MacRusgail 18:24, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, some lochs are not lakes. Loch Long for instance. -- Derek Ross | Talk 19:20, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Bengt Sjogren
Who is Bengt Sjogren and what is the citation for his theory in the plesiosaur theory section? Totnesmartin 19:57, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Another hypothesis
I'm surprised no one has made the obvious connection amongst the various strange phenomena in this world. Nessie, Champie, Bigfoot, the Yeti, et al, are seldom seen because they just drop in now and then. They use the earth as a playground for awhile, then get picked up again by the mother ship and return to a hidden destination somewhere within the Bermuda Triangle. I call it the Unified Phenomena Theory. Oh, and that's where all the mismatched pairs of shoes and socks go, too. :) Wahkeenah 12:09, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Ah, Wahkeenah is back. I've noticed that paranormal explanations are often given in cryptozoological literature, but seem to be absent from WP articles. It's a recurring theme but nobody here mentions it. Totnesmartin 13:25, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

 * No...Wahkeenah does have a point. I've seen it myself, and it's one of those new planets found by Hubble.  It's called the planet of the missing left sock, where all missing left socks go.  Didn't you see that Ren and Stimpy episode?  Carajou 19:33, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Gray photo
Found both versions of this photograph on this page, but there are two things I don't know about it. Is the dog in the original pic, which was altered later, or is it the other way around? And what is the correct copyright tag for this? As far as Gray's history is concerned, at the time this photo was taken, Gray owned a labrador retriever. Carajou 08:03, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

But it could be a neck going back into a water!!!!! Frankyboy5 18:06, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * That's what a lot of believers say, but if you look at the water around the object, it's not being disturbed at all. I see something in this image making a commotion, but nothing's happening to the water.  And this was 1933.  There was a lot of hoaxers in the early 1930s.  There was a man who placed hippo footprints around the loch until he was found out; there was the pranksters involved with the Surgeon's photo; Gray himself owned a dog that may be part of this photo; other classic photos involved the use of double-negatives, plastic bags, and outright tampering of the negatives.  You've got to get serious here.  There is nothing...NOTHING...at all regarding the existance of the Loch Ness Monster that constitutes more than these silly photographs.  There is NO PHYSICAL EVIDENCE; no bones, no tracks, no teeth, nothing.  And if you click on the above website, you'll read an account done by the BBC in which witnesses litteraly made a monster out of a fencepost.  You want to get serious about it, you want this thing to be real, then do what I've been demanding the believers should be doing, and that is DROP A NET AND CATCH IT.  If it's a bonafide, live animal, it could be caught. Carajou 18:42, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Today, I sent a letter to Dr. Adrian Shine, director of the Loch Ness Project, proposing that a net be dropped into the loch, or the bottom searched for skeletal remains. Any objections?  Carajou 19:17, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Looking for evidence of Nessie with a net is about as sane as searching for rainbows with a shovel. No one sensible doubts that rainbows exist but you won't find any physical evidence for them that can be held in the shovel. In fact "there is nothing...NOTHING...at all" regarding the existence of rainbows that constitutes more than photographs, silly, faked or otherwise. Why is that ? Well, it's because the rainbow is a type of optical illusion which people see when conditions are right; it exists in people's visual fields but it's not real in a material sense. The same is almost certainly true of the Loch Ness monster. -- Derek Ross | Talk 19:07, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

That's what I've been saying for years about this animal. The net is for those who want to believe in the thing, so I'm demanding that they toss one in and go fishing. Carajou 22:06, 11 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Rainbows exist. But they are collections of refracted light, not solid objects. Come to think of it, that pretty well describes Nessie. Wahkeenah 01:24, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Which is why this article on the Loch Ness Monster has to be re-written to include evidence and documentation that says it's a fake. That includes the analysis of all the photos, which is about the only "evidence" believers in this thing have.  Carajou 09:01, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

I need a correct licence for this photo. It was made by a private individual (Hugh Gray) in 1933 while in Scotland. The drop-down menu does not have a listing for fair use of historic photos...only templates, so what was done so far is useless. Carajou 09:17, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Protected?
Why was the article protected, and with such a weak lead at that? --Guinnog 03:17, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I realised it was only s/protected. --Guinnog 04:47, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Repeated vandalism. Carajou 06:23, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Plesiosaurs, et al
Scientists reject plesiosaurs in the loch because plesiosaurs had neck vertebre that prevented them from looking like swans? That was the gist of the single, stand-alone sentence in the "plesiosaur theory" section, and reading it as a part of the rest of the block made no sense at all. For those who need a better reason why it was removed, the plesiosaur theory has to be explained not just why the things are not alive any more, but explained in relation to the loch itself. Explaining a cold-blooded reptile hunting fish in a cold, peat-stained lake where it couldn't see a flipper in front of its face constitutes a valid article entry. Having neck vertebre so this ugly duckling can't look like a swan? What does that have to do with a plesiosaur in the loch? Come on, people...you got to get better in the writing than that! Carajou 09:25, 14 January 2007 (UTC) Try this webpage featuring various drawings made by professionals of fossilized plesiosaurs in situ. The neck vertebre in question has to have what appear to be long, finger-like bones jutting towards the rear, as in mamenchisaurus. This structure physically prevents the animal from turning it's neck more than 15 degrees. And try clicking on the "images" part of Google or Yahoo, type in 'plesiosaur' and see actual fossilized remains. They don't have the structure in their necks that would stop them from looking like swans. And if you click on swans here, you will see a picture of black swans, one of which refuses to hold it's head and neck in swan fashion. This is not meant to be a cut-down of the original writer; it is meant to ensure that this article is well written and factually accurate. Carajou 09:57, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Now Guinnog's entry is more in keeping with a better-written article. Carajou 20:18, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks! --Guinnog 20:21, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Banners
There aren't enough banners on this page. I only had to click the slidebar once to get halfway past them. Wahkeenah 23:31, 20 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I was going to add a picture of John Banner, but alas there is none of him alone. This image from Hogan's Heroes is about the best I could do at this point. [[Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg|thumb|center|150px|John Banner and friends]] Wahkeenah 23:48, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

John Banner is a valid entry for this article, as he was an alleged witness to a Nessie sighting. "I see nothing...NUUHHHTHING!!" was his reply! Carajou 01:45, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, knowing Sgt. Schultz's M.O., if he "saw nothing", he must have seen something, ja? :) Wahkeenah 01:51, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Maybe it was the image of Col. Klink naked in the bathtub...fat sergeants are prone to pop in unannounced in their c.o.'s bathrooms! Carajou 21:59, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Changed layout
Ok, I changed the overall structure of the page, but without much change in the writing itself. Since this article was about the Loch Ness Monster, the first thing that had to be approached was the animal itself; i.e. what it was like, what it looks like, what it eats, drinks, or spits up....and that description had to be first (ok...not the spits-up part!). Then followed by the history of the sightings, the expeditions, the photos, etc. It could use some polishing, but the flow of thought should be there, and that should come first.

I also did not put in anything pro or con this time. Carajou 23:26, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I also felt a big change was needed in the lead paragraph. It supposed to introduce the subject to the reader, but the reader doesn't need to see the word "loch" three times in the same sentence..."The loch ness monster inhabits loch ness the largest loch in Britain..."

 * Gotta be clear on this! Carajou 23:28, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Loch Ness Monster/Archive 2


text:
User:AndrewHarris

I'm Andrew Harris. I was born December 15, 1984 in Meridian, Mississippi. I have spent most of my life here in Meridian, but we moved around a bit when I was younger. I really love the open source development model. It just works.

Contact Me: andrew2325@gmail.com

title: User:AndrewHarris


text:
User talk:GSYH

Eh? The original Andrew Wells page was a bit of a mess, badly formatted, and not written in sentences. It pretty much had to be re-written from scratch, which is why some of the info got lost. If you can see a way to add some of it back in, feel free to do so.

The "character profile" style is not generally how we do articles, but I shall add some of the info from your last edit into the rest of the article.

The external links to Thomas Lenk online would be more appropriate at Thomas Lenk (I shall add them) and the episode guide is more properly linked to from one of the main Buffy articles, in fact, it already is at List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes. It looks out of place on articles about specific characters. Evercat 21:58 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Sorry if I came across as harsh above, btw. Evercat 22:06 23 Jul 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:GSYH


text:
Talk:Beaches of Hong Kong

Untitled
14 Jul 2003 Patrick renamed from Wikipedia:Beaches to Beaches of Hong Kong

07:48 16 Jul 2003 Olivier deleted "Wikipedia:Beaches" (new user misplacement)

Good to talk about Grade 1 and 2 beaches... so why not put a whole section in there which is a guide to grades. What grades are there and what are the criterea for rating them? (Fuzheado 03:49 16 Jul 2003 (UTC))

 * Also, a lot of the beaches have a pollution rating system for determining whether it is safe to swim. I've seen these on beaches on Lantau Island and on Stanley Main Beach (which should also have an entry, for the dragon boat race - as should Tai Pak Beach in Discovery Bay, which is man-made). Can't remember what the pollution-rating system is, though - next time I got to Stanley I'll have a look. - David Stewart 04:40 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

According to the latest Grading of beach water quality released on Friday, July 11 2003, the water qualities of both Clear Water Bay First Beach and Clear Water Bay Second Beach are fair, ie, both of them are Grade 2 beaches. - User:H0227673 1:51am 17 Jul 2003

According to the most update grading by Environment Protection Department,the water qualities of Clear Water Bay First Beach is Grade 1, while that in the 2nd Beach is Grade 2. that the most updated on 14/7/2003. Just go to the following web site and check~ http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/water/beach_quality/bwq_current_sk.html

I have done some changes in the page, e.g. changing 'you' to 'people' or 'they' as using 'Third Person' is better than using 'Second Person'. Also changing some words in order to make the page more consistent. - H0227673 3:15am 17 Jul 2003

Is the image for Hung Shing Ye Beach actually Hung Shing Yeh? It looks the wharf at Yung Shue Wan. It has been a while since I have been to Lamma island, so I could be wrong. Popsracer 07:36 17 Jul 2003 (UTC)

An image of this page and some images of one of the beaches and of two of the contributors to this article are in the Press coverage:

 * CNN TechWatch video and Web article, August 4, 2003, CNN International Tech Watch aired a segment on the Wikipedia and the Hong Kong University student project

Patrick 10:47, 4 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Should the details about each beach be put into their own page and the list of beaches wikified, to shorten the page? - Plop 18:44, Apr 10, 2004 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Beaches of Hong Kong


text:
Regina Manifesto

The Regina Manifesto was the programme of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and was adopted at the first national convention of the CCF held in Regina, Saskatchewan, in 1933. The goal of the Regina Manifesto was to eradicate the system of capitalism and replace it with a planned socialist economy. The CCF was a Canadian democratic socialist party founded in 1932 by farmers, workers, and socialist groups against the backdrop of the Great Depression.

The manifesto was largely written by members of the League for Social Reconstruction, particularly Frank Underhill and F. R. Scott, and called for "a planned and socialized economy in which our natural resources and principal means of production and distribution are owned, controlled and operated by the people." Specifically it called for the nationalization of transportation, communications, electrical power and other services. It called for a planned economy and a national banking system that would be "removed from the control of private profit-seeking interests." It advocated the ability to organize in trade unions and called for a National Labour Code "to secure for the worker maximum income and leisure, insurance covering illness, accident, old age, and unemployment". The Regina Manifesto proposed social service programs such as publicly funded health care, supported peace, promoted co-operative enterprises, and vowed that "No C.C.F. Government will rest content until it has eradicated capitalism and put into operation the full programme of socialized planning which will lead to the establishment in Canada of the Cooperative Commonwealth."

The Regina Manifesto remained the CCF's official programme until 1956 when, in the face of the strong anti-communist sentiment of the Cold War, it was replaced by the more moderate Winnipeg Declaration which substituted Keynesian economics for socialist remedies.

title: Regina Manifesto


text: Talk:Mark Whitacre

title: Talk:Mark Whitacre


text:
User talk:H0116506

Please stop creating user accounts. It is very annoying -- Tim Starling 04:15 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Listusers&limit=100&offset=5400

title: User talk:H0116506


text:
User talk:H0246797

Please stop creating user accounts. It is very annoying -- Tim Starling 04:15 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Listusers&limit=100&offset=5400

title: User talk:H0246797


text:
User talk:H0128776

Please stop creating user accounts. It is very annoying -- Tim Starling 04:15 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Listusers&limit=100&offset=5400

title: User talk:H0128776


text:
User talk:H0170649

Please stop creating user accounts. It is very annoying -- Tim Starling 04:15 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Listusers&limit=100&offset=5400

title: User talk:H0170649