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British Motor Corporation

The British Motor Corporation Limited (BMC) was a UK-based vehicle manufacturer, formed in early 1952 to give effect to an agreed merger of the Morris and Austin businesses.

BMC acquired the shares in Morris Motors and the Austin Motor Company. Morris Motors, the holding company of the productive businesses of the Nuffield Organization, owned MG, Riley, and Wolseley.

The agreed exchange of shares in Morris or Austin for shares in the new holding company, BMC, became effective in mid-April 1952.

In September 1965, BMC took control of its major supplier of bodies, Pressed Steel, acquiring Jaguar's body supplier in the process. In September 1966, BMC merged with Jaguar Cars. In December 1966, BMC changed its name to British Motor Holdings Limited (BMH).

BMH merged, in May 1968, with Leyland Motor Corporation Limited, which made trucks and buses and owned both Standard-Triumph International Limited and the Rover Company to become British Leyland.

Organisation

BMC was the largest British car company of its day, with (in 1952) 39% of British output, producing a wide range of cars under brand names including Austin, Morris, MG, Austin-Healey, Riley, and Wolseley, as well as commercial vehicles and agricultural tractors. The first chairman was Lord Nuffield (William Morris), but he was replaced at the end of 1952 by Austin's Leonard Lord, who continued in that role until his 65th birthday in 1961, but handing over, in theory at least, the managing director responsibilities to his deputy George Harriman in 1956.

BMC's headquarters were at the Austin Longbridge plant, near Birmingham and Austin was the dominant partner in the group mainly because of the chairman. The use of Morris engine designs was dropped within three years and all new car designs were coded ADO from "Amalgamated Drawing Office". The Longbridge plant was up to date, having been thoroughly modernised in 1951, and compared very favourably to Nuffield's 16 different and often old-fashioned factories scattered over the Midlands. Austin's management systems, however, especially cost control and marketing, were not as good as Nuffield's and as the market changed from a shortage of cars to competition, this was to tell. The biggest-selling car, the Mini, was famously analysed by Ford Motor Company, which concluded that BMC must have been losing £30 on every one sold. The result was that although volumes held up well throughout the BMC era, market share fell as did profitability and hence investment in new models, triggering the 1966 merger with Jaguar Cars to form British Motor Holdings (BMH), and the government-sponsored merger of BMH with Leyland Motor Corporation in 1968.

At the time of the mergers, a well established dealership network was in place for each of the marques. Among the car-buying British public was a tendency of loyalty to a particular marque and marques appealed to different market segments. This meant that marques competed against each other in some areas, though some marques had a larger range than others. The Riley and Wolseley models were selling in very small numbers. Styling was also getting distinctly old-fashioned and this caused Leonard Lord, in an unusual move for him, to call upon the services of an external stylist.

As well as the car manufacturing arms, the company had its own printing and publishing firm, the Nuffield Press, inherited from the Morris Motors group.

BMC Farina
In 1958, BMC hired Battista Farina to redesign its entire car line. This resulted in the creation of three "Farina" saloons, each of which was badge-engineered to fit the various BMC car lines.

The compact Farina model debuted in 1958 with the Austin A40 Farina. This is considered by many to be the first mass-produced hatchback car: a small estate version was produced with a horizontally split tailgate, its size and configuration would today be considered that of a small hatchback. A Mark II A40 Farina appeared in 1961 and was produced through 1967. These small cars used the A-Series engine.

The mid-sized Farinas were launched in 1958 with the Wolseley 15/60. Other members of the group included the Riley 4/68, Austin A55 Cambridge Mk. II, MG Magnette Mk. III, and Morris Oxford V. Later, the design was licensed in Argentina and produced as the Siam Di Tella 1500, Traveller station wagon and Argenta pick-up. The mid-size cars used the B-Series straight-4 engine.

Most of these cars lasted until 1961, though the Di Tellas remained until 1966. They were replaced with a new Farina body style and most were renamed. These were the Austin A60 Cambridge, MG Magnette Mk. IV, Morris Oxford VI, Riley 4/72, and Wolseley 16/60 and in 1964 the Siam Magnette 1622 alongside the Siam Di Tella in Argentina. These mostly remained in production until 1968, with no rear-wheel drive replacement produced.

Farina also designed a large car. Launched in 1959 as the Austin A99 Westminster, Vanden Plas Princess 3-Litre, and Wolseley 6/99, it used the large C-Series straight-6 engine. The large Farinas were updated in 1961 as the Austin A110 Westminster, Vanden Plas Princess 3-Litre Mk. II, and Wolseley 6/110. These remained in production until 1968.

Austin

 * Austin A125 Sheerline 1947–54
 * Austin A135 Princess 1947–56
 * Austin A40 Sports 1950–53
 * Austin A70 Hereford 1950–54
 * Austin A30 1951–56
 * Austin A90 Atlantic 1949–52
 * Austin A40 Devon 1947–52

MG

 * MG TD 1949–53
 * MG TF 1953–55
 * MG Y-type 1947–53

Morris

 * Morris Minor 1948–71 (1972 in New Zealand)
 * Morris Oxford MO 1948–54
 * Morris Six MS 1948–53

Riley

 * Riley RM series 1945–55

Wolseley

 * Wolseley 4/50 1948–53
 * Wolseley 6/80 1948–54
 * Nuffield Oxford Taxi 1947–55

Austin

 * Austin A40 Somerset 1952–54
 * Austin A40 Cambridge 1954–58
 * Austin A90 Westminster 1954–68
 * Austin Metropolitan 1954–61
 * Austin A35 1956–59
 * Austin Lancer (Australia) 1958–62
 * Austin Princess IV 1956–57
 * Austin A40 Farina 1958–67
 * Austin A55 Cambridge 1959–61
 * Austin A60 Cambridge 1961–69
 * Austin Seven (Mini) 1959–89
 * Austin Freeway (Australia) 1962–65
 * Austin 1100/1300 1963–74
 * Austin 1800 1964–75
 * Austin 3-Litre 1967–71
 * Austin Maxi 1969–81 (Designed in the BMC era)

Austin-Healey

 * Austin-Healey 100 1953–59
 * Austin-Healey 3000 1959–68
 * Austin-Healey Sprite 1958–71

MG

 * MG A 1955–62
 * MG Magnette ZA/ZB 1953–59
 * MG Magnette Mk III/Mk IV 1959–68
 * MG Midget 1961–74
 * MGB 1962–80
 * MG 1100/1300 1962–73
 * MGC 1967–69

Morris

 * Morris Oxford MO 1948–54
 * Morris Oxford series II 1954–56
 * Morris Oxford series III 1956–59
 * Morris Oxford Farina 1959–71
 * Morris Cowley 1954–59
 * Morris Isis 1955–58
 * Morris Marshal (Australia) 1957–60
 * Morris Major (Australia) 1958–64
 * Morris Mini Minor (Mini) 1959–2000
 * Morris 1100/1300 1963–74
 * Morris 1800 1964–75

Princess

 * Princess IV 1957–59
 * Princess 3 litre 1959–60

Riley

 * Riley Pathfinder 1953–57
 * Riley 2.6 1958–59
 * Riley 1.5 1957–65
 * Riley 4/68 1959–61
 * Riley 4/72 1961–69
 * Riley Elf 1961–69
 * Riley Kestrel 1965–69

Vanden Plas

 * Vanden Plas Princess 3-Litre 1960–64
 * Vanden Plas Princess 1100/1275/1300 1963–74
 * Vanden Plas Princess 4-Litre R 1964–68

Wolseley

 * Wolseley 4/44 1952–56
 * Wolseley 6/90 1954–59
 * Wolseley 15/50 1956–58
 * Wolseley 1500 1957–65
 * Wolseley 15/60 1958–61
 * Wolseley 16/60 1961–71
 * Wolseley 6/99 1959–61
 * Wolseley 6/110 1961–68
 * Wolseley Hornet 1961–69
 * Wolseley 24/80 (Australia) 1962–67
 * Wolsleley 1100/1300 1965–73
 * Wolseley 18/85 1967–72

BMC project numbers

Most BMC projects followed the earlier Austin practice of describing vehicles with an 'ADO' number (which stood for 'Austin Design Office' but after the merger 'Amalgamated Drawing Office'). Hence, cars that had more than one marque name (e.g. Morris Mini Minor and Austin Mini) would have the same ADO number. Given the often complex badge-engineering that BMC undertook, it is common amongst enthusiasts to use the ADO number when referring to vehicles which were a single design (for example, saying 'The ADO15 entered production in 1959'- this encompasses the fact that when launched, the ADO15 was marketed as the Morris Mini Minor and, later, the Austin Seven—soon replaced with Austin Mini). The ADO numbering system did continue for some time after the creation of British Leyland – notable models being the Austin Allegro (ADO67) and the prototype version of the Austin Metro (ADO88).

Commercial vehicles
Most BMC-era commercial vehicles were sold as Morris, but there were sometimes Austin equivalents. Radiator badges on the larger vehicles were often BMC.

Car-based light vans

 * Morris Z-series ¼-ton (Morris Eight Series E) 1940–53
 * Morris ¼-ton O-Type (Morris Minor-based van) 1953–71
 * Morris Cowley MCV (Morris Cowley van) 1950–56
 * Austin A30 van 1954–56
 * Austin A35 van 1956–68
 * Austin A35 pick-up 1956–57
 * Morris ½-ton (Morris Cowley Series III van) 1956–62
 * Austin A55 van 1958–62
 * Austin A55 pick-up (Australian built) 1958–62
 * Mini van 1960–82
 * Mini pick-up 1961–82
 * Austin A40 Farina van (export only) 1961–67
 * Austin 1800 Utility (Australia built) 1967–74

Light vans

 * Austin K8 1948–1954
 * Morris J-type 1949–1960
 * Morris LD 1952–1968
 * Morris J2 1956–1967
 * Morris 250 JU 1967–
 * Austin/Morris J4 1960–1974

Taxi cabs and hire cars

 * Austin FX3 Taxi 1949–58
 * Austin FL1 Hire Car 1949-58
 * Austin FX4 Taxi 1958-82
 * Austin FL2 Hire Car 1958-82

Light lorries

 * Morris LC4 1952–54
 * Morris LC5 1954–60
 * Morris FV-series (Series I) 1948–54
 * Morris FV-series (Series II) 1954–55
 * Morris FE-series (Series III) 1955–59
 * Morris FG 1960–68
 * Morris FM 1961–68
 * Morris WE 1955–64
 * Morris WF 1964–81
 * Morris FF 1958–61
 * Morris FH 1961–64
 * Morris FJ 1964–68
 * BMC VA 1958–76

BMC agricultural vehicles
With the merger of the Nuffield and Austin interests, the Nuffield Organization's tractor range, the Nuffield Universal, was incorporated into BMC.

BMC abroad
In the 1950s and the 1960s, BMC set up 21 plants overseas, some as subsidiaries, and some as joint ventures, to assemble its vehicles. One was British Motor Corporation (Australia) which was established in 1953 at the Nuffield Australia site on the one-time Victoria Park Racecourse, Sydney. This facility went from a marshalling area for fully imported Morris cars (Austins were up until then being assembled in Melbourne from an earlier Austin Motors establishment), to a facility for making CKD cars, to the total local fabrication and construction of vehicles, engines, and mechanicals.

Denmark was a particularly strong market for BMC products in Europe. In the postwar period, the Danish government closely regulated exports and imports to maintain the country's balance of trade. High-value imports such as cars were heavily taxed.

From 1963 to 1975, a company was established in Spain to produce BMC cars under licence, its name was: 'AUTHI' -'Automoviles de Turismo Hispano-Ingleses' -'Spanish-English Tourism Automobiles'. The factory was in Pamplona, Navarra, Spain, and when the production of Austin and Mini cars was discontinued, Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo (SEAT), owned by the state and some banks and industrial investors, purchased the factory. After the takeover of SEAT by Volkswagen, SEAT made an 'internal' resale of the Pamplona factory, formerly Authi, to Volkswagen, which soon started producing there the 'Polo'.

In 1964, BMC Turkey was established in cooperation with the British Motor Corporation. The Turkish partners retained the 74% of the capital while 26% held by the UK-based British Motor Corporation.

Government takes over
The Wilson Labour government (1964–1970) came to power at a time when British manufacturing industry was in decline and decided that the remedy was to promote more mergers, particularly in the motor industry. Chrysler was already buying into the Rootes Group, Leyland Motors had acquired Standard Triumph in 1961 (and would buy Rover in 1967) and had become a major automotive force. BMC was suffering a dramatic drop in its share of the home market. Tony Benn, appointed Minister of Technology in July 1966, brought pressure to bear on the industry.

British Motor Holdings Limited
In mid-1965 BMC offered to buy its major supplier Pressed Steel and took control in September with 27,000 employees. Twelve months later, BMC merged with Jaguar Cars adding a further 7,000 employees. On 14 December 1966 BMC shareholders approved the change of its name to British Motor Holdings (BMH) and it took effect from that date.

British Leyland
Little more than 12 months later in January 1968, under pressure from the Labour British government and Minister of Technology Tony Benn, a further wave of mergers occurred in the British car industry. BMH merged with the Leyland Motor Corporation (LMC) to form the British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC). BMC Ltd (which contained most of the operations of the former British Motor Corporation) remained a subsidiary company of BLMC after the merger, although its name was later changed to "Austin-Morris Ltd" - reflecting the new Austin-Morris division of BLMC, with the BMC name subsequently disappearing from public view.

Within the new conglomerate, the various marques were grouped together into two main divisions, based largely on the original BMC and LMC businesses; with the former mass market BMC marques becoming part of the Austin-Morris division of BLMC, whilst LMC stablemates Rover and Triumph joined Jaguar in the Specialist Division.

This basic structure remained in place right up until the creation of the Austin Rover Group in the early 1980s, by which time BLMC had been nationalised and renamed British Leyland Limited (later just BL plc), although by this time both Jaguar and Land Rover had been placed in their own independent subsidiaries which were separate from the old BMC/LMC divisions.

Post mortem
Following the merger with Leyland, a review of company records undertaken with the support of the new board, author Graham Turner stated that at the time of the merger, 16 versions of the Mini were being produced, yielding an average profit of just £16 per car, while every Morris Minor sold lost the group £9 and every Austin Westminster sold lost £17. This helps to explain why the Westminster and Minor were among the early casualties of the merger, as well as the introduction of the Mini Clubman, capable of being built for less, but sold for more than a standard Mini thanks to simplified ("modernised") front panels. Even the UK's best seller, the Austin/Morris 1100, had to be subjected to an emergency cost-reduction programme which removed about £10 from the cost of each car, applying changes that included the omission of lead sealing from body joints (£2.40 per car), removing provision for optional reversing lamps (£0.10) and "changes in body finish" (£0.75). Rebuilding the Cowley plant to include "new automated body building facilities" saved £2.00 in transport costs per car for bodies that no longer needed to be transported from the corporation's Swindon plant and in the longer term further transport costs were saved by concentrating assembly of the model at a single plant, rather than splitting it between plants at Cowley and Longbridge. Because of the high proportion of auto-production costs represented by fixed costs that needed to be allocated over a planned production volume, and the use in the 1960s of investment appraisal criteria that were ill-suited to accounting for volume fluctuations and the rapidly changing value of the UK currency in the 1960s, the precise figures quoted may be open to challenge, but the new management's diagnosis that BMC's profitability was insufficient to fund support and new model investment to cover its disparate range of brands and models was hard to refute. Throughout the 1960s, the failure of the United Kingdom to join the European Economic Community meant that the company could not exploit the lucrative European markets due to high import tariffs, whereas BMC's key rivals Ford and General Motors both had German subsidiaries producing and selling within the bloc, and were therefore immune from those import tariffs.

Legacy
In 2002, BMC (Turkey), a Turkish commercial vehicle builder, originally set up by the British Motor Corporation to build its designs under licence in the 1950s, began exporting its vehicles to Britain. This allowed the return of the BMC brand to British roads for the first time in over 40 years.

title: British Motor Corporation


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Republican Union (Spain, 1934)

The Republican Union (Unión Republicana) was a Spanish republican party founded in 1934 by Diego Martinez Barrio.

It was formed as a result of a merger of several small republican parties, most notably Diego Martinez Barrio's Radical Democratic Party and the Radical Socialist Republican Party, both of which had split away from the more moderate Radical Republican Party of Alejandro Lerroux.

Integrated in the Popular Front ahead of the 1936 election, the party won 38 seats becoming the fourth largest party. It formed a governing coalition with Manuel Azaña's Republican Left. Though it participated in all republican governments during the Spanish Civil War, it played a minor role starting under Largo Caballero's government. In exile in Mexico, it was the main support of the Republican government-in-exile until it was dissolved in 1959 to found the Spanish Democratic Republican Action along with the Republican Left.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Republican Union (Spain, 1934)


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Steven Moffat

Steven William Moffat (born 18 November 1961) is a Scottish television writer, television producer and screenwriter. He is best known for his work as the second showrunner and head writer of the 2005 revival of the BBC sci-fi television series Doctor Who (2010-17), and for co-creating and co-writing the BBC crime drama television series Sherlock (2010-17). In the 2015 Birthday Honours, Moffat was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for his services to drama.

Born in Paisley, Scotland, Moffat, the son of a teacher, was formerly a teacher himself. His first television work was the teen drama series Press Gang. His first sitcom, Joking Apart, was inspired by the breakdown of his first marriage. Later in the 1990s, he wrote Chalk, inspired by his own experience as an English teacher. Moffat, a lifelong fan of Doctor Who, wrote the comedic sketch episode The Curse of Fatal Death for the Comic Relief charity telethon, which aired in early 1999. His early-2000s sitcom Coupling was based upon the development of his relationship with television producer Sue Vertue.

In March 2004, Moffat was announced as one of the writers for the revived Doctor Who TV series. He wrote six episodes during Russell T Davies' first era as head writer, which aired from 2005 to 2008. Moffat's scripts during this era won him three Hugo Awards, a BAFTA Craft Award, and a BAFTA Cymru Award. Between episodes, he wrote and produced the modern-day drama series Jekyll, based on the novella Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. In May 2008, it was announced that Moffat would succeed Davies as showrunner, lead writer and executive producer of Doctor Who. Around the same time, he dropped his contract with film director Steven Spielberg for a film trilogy based on artist Hergé's character Tintin. Part of the lone script he wrote was used in Spielberg's film The Adventures of Tintin, eventually released in 2011.

Moffat's work in the 2010s consisted mainly of his period as the head writer of Doctor Who during the fifth through tenth series, in which he won another Hugo, and Sherlock, which won Moffat a BAFTA Craft Award and two Primetime Emmy Awards. In the 2020s, he wrote the BBC and Netflix drama co-productions Dracula (2020) and Inside Man (2022), the HBO sci-fi romance mini-series The Time Traveler's Wife (2022), and the ITV comedy-drama Douglas Is Cancelled (2024). In 2024, he returned to Doctor Who to write two episodes for Davies' second tenure as showrunner.

Early life
Moffat was born in Paisley, Scotland, where he attended Camphill High School. He studied at the University of Glasgow, where he was involved with the student television station Glasgow University Student Television. After gaining a Master of Arts degree in English from Glasgow, he worked as a teacher for three and a half years at Cowdenknowes High School, Greenock. In the 1980s he wrote a play entitled War Zones (performed at the 1985 Glasgow Mayfest and the Edinburgh Festival Fringe ) and a musical called Knifer. He is an atheist.

Press Gang
Moffat's father Bill was a head teacher at Thorn Primary School in Johnstone, Renfrewshire; when the school was used for Harry Secombe's Highway in the late 1980s, Bill mentioned to the producers that he had an idea for a television series about a school newspaper. The producers asked for a sample script, to which Bill agreed on the condition his son Steven write it. Producer Sandra Hastie said that it was "the best ever first script" that she had read. The resulting series was titled Press Gang, starring Julia Sawalha and Dexter Fletcher, and it ran for five series on ITV between 1989 and 1993, with Moffat writing all forty-three episodes. The programme won a BAFTA award in its second series.

During production of the second series of Press Gang, Moffat was experiencing an unhappy personal life as a result of the break-up of his first marriage. The producer was secretly phoning his friends at home to check on his state. His wife's new lover was represented in the episode "The Big Finish?" by the character Brian Magboy (Simon Schatzberger), a name inspired by Brian: Maggie's boy. Moffat brought in the character so that all sorts of unfortunate things would happen to him, such as having a typewriter dropped on his foot.

Joking Apart
By 1990, Moffat had written two series of Press Gang, but the programme's high cost along with organisational changes at backers Central Independent Television cast its future in doubt. As Moffat wondered what to do next and worried about his future employment, Bob Spiers, Press Gang's primary director, suggested that he meet with producer Andre Ptaszynski to discuss writing a sitcom. Inspired by his experience working in education, Moffat's initial proposal was a programme similar to what became Chalk, a sitcom set in a school that eventually aired in 1997. During the pitch meeting at the Groucho Club, Ptaszynski realised that Moffat was talking passionately about his impending divorce and suggested that he write about that instead of a school sitcom. Taking Ptaszynski's advice, Moffat's new idea was about "a sitcom writer whose wife leaves him". Moffat wrote two series of Joking Apart, which was directed by Spiers and starred Robert Bathurst and Fiona Gillies. The show won the Bronze Rose of Montreux and was entered for the Emmys.

He wrote three episodes of Murder Most Horrid, an anthology series of comedic tales starring Dawn French. The first ("Overkill", directed by Spiers) was identified by the BBC as a "highlight" of the series. His other two episodes were "Dying Live" (dir. Dewi Humphreys) and "Elvis, Jesus and Zack" (dir. Tony Dow).

Doctor Who short fiction
Moffat has been a fan of Doctor Who since childhood. In 1995, he contributed a segment to Paul Cornell's Virgin New Adventures novel Human Nature. His first solo Doctor Who work was a short story, "Continuity Errors", published in the 1996 Virgin Books anthology Decalog 3: Consequences.

Chalk
Between marriages, Moffat claims that he "shagged [his] way round television studios like a mechanical digger." According to an interview with The New York Times, Moffat met television producer Sue Vertue at the Edinburgh Television Festival in 1996. Vertue had been working for Tiger Aspect, a production company run by Peter Bennett-Jones. Bennett-Jones and his friend and former colleague Andre Ptaszynski, who had worked with Moffat on Joking Apart, told Moffat and Vertue that each fancied the other. A relationship blossomed and they left their respective production companies to join Hartswood Films, run by Beryl Vertue, Sue's mother. The couple have two children together: Joshua and Louis Oliver.

Before Moffat left Pola Jones for Hartswood, Ptaszynski produced Chalk, the series that the writer had pitched to him at the beginning of the decade. Set in a comprehensive school and starring David Bamber as manic deputy head Eric Slatt and Nicola Walker as Suzy Travis, the show was based on Moffat's three years as an English teacher. The studio audience responded so positively to the first series when it was taped that the BBC commissioned a second series before the first had aired. However, it was met less enthusiastically by critics upon transmission in February 1997, who had taken exception to the BBC's publicity department comparing the show to the highly respected Fawlty Towers. In an interview in the early 2000s, Moffat refuses to even name the series, joking that he might get attacked in the street.

After production wrapped on Chalk in 1997, Moffat announced to the cast that he was marrying Vertue.

The Curse of Fatal Death
In late 1998, Moffat was approached by Vertue, a producer of Comic Relief, to write a comedic sketch based on the Doctor Who TV series to be aired across Comic Relief's 1999 telethon in several parts on BBC One. The sketch, The Curse of Fatal Death, was written from December 1998 to February 1999, recorded in February, and broadcast in March.

Coupling
When Vertue asked Moffat for a sitcom, he decided to base it around the evolution of their own relationship. Coupling, produced by Vertue, was first broadcast on BBC Two in 2000. Moffat's first son Joshua was born around 2000, and his second son Louis was born around 2002. Though he had no ambition to be a father, he instantly loved his sons when they were delivered. Coupling ran for four series totalling 28 episodes until 2004, all written by Moffat. He also wrote the original, unbroadcast pilot episode for the U.S. version, also titled Coupling, although this was less successful and was cancelled after four episodes on the NBC network. Moffat blamed its failure on an unprecedented level of network interference.

Doctor Who in the Russell T Davies era and Jekyll
In December 2003, Moffat received an email offering him to write for Doctor Who, following the announcement of the revival of the series in September. His involvement with the series was announced in March 2004. He wrote six episodes under executive producer Russell T Davies for the 2005 through 2008 series, which were produced from December 2004 to March 2008. Moffat won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form for the two-part story "The Empty Child" and "The Doctor Dances" (both 2005), as well as the episodes "The Girl in the Fireplace" (2006) and "Blink" (2007). "Blink" also gained him the BAFTA Craft Award for Best Writer, and a BAFTA Cymru Award for Best Screenwriter.

Between Doctor Who episodes, Moffat wrote and produced Jekyll, a modern-day drama series based on the Robert Louis Stevenson novella Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, meaning he nearly missed out on writing for the 2007 series of Doctor Who. Written late in the series' run, he quickly based "Blink" on his previously-written Doctor Who short story from 2005, "What I Did on My Christmas Holidays by Sally Sparrow", as "a desperate way to keep a toehold" in the 2007 series. Jekyll aired on BBC One from June 2007.

In March 2008, Davies said that he often rewrote scripts from other writers, but did not "touch a word" of Moffat's episodes.

Doctor Who and Sherlock
In October 2007, Reuters reported that Moffat would be scripting a trilogy of films based on Belgian artist Hergé's character Tintin for directors Steven Spielberg and Peter Jackson.

In May 2008, the BBC announced that Moffat would be succeeding Davies as lead writer and executive producer of Doctor Who for the show's fifth series, to be broadcast in 2010, although Davies had initiated discussions with Moffat regarding this as far back as July 2007. He had intended to complete work on the Tintin trilogy before resuming work on Doctor Who, but delays caused by the intervening 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike meant he could only submit part of a script for the first film. Moffat told The Guardian in 2012 that Spielberg was "lovely" about his decision to walk away from his three-film Tintin contract to return to Doctor Who. The script for the first film in the trilogy, The Adventures of Tintin (released in 2011), was completed by Edgar Wright and Joe Cornish, with a part of Moffat's script used in the film.

During their journeys from London to Cardiff for Doctor Who, Moffat and writer Mark Gatiss conceived a contemporary update of author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories called Sherlock. Vertue advised them to work on the project rather than spend years discussing it. A 60-minute pilot, written by Moffat, was filmed in January 2009. The pilot was not aired but a three-episode series of 90-minute television films produced by Hartswood was commissioned.

Production on Moffat's time in charge of Doctor Who began in July 2009. As executive producer and lead writer, he was significantly involved in casting both Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor and Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor. As Doctor Who showrunner, Moffat won another Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form for writing the two-part story "The Pandorica Opens" and "The Big Bang" (both 2010). As showrunner for Sherlock, he won a BAFTA Craft Award for Best Writer for "A Scandal in Belgravia" (2012), a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special for "His Last Vow" (2014), and a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie for executive producing "The Abominable Bride" (2016).

In June 2015, Moffat was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his services to drama. In January 2016, Moffat announced he was stepping down as Doctor Who lead writer and executive producer after the 2017 series, his sixth series as showrunner, with Chris Chibnall succeeding him at the start of the eleventh series for broadcast in 2018. The fourth and most recent series of Sherlock finished production around August 2016, and aired in January 2017. "Twice Upon a Time"—the 2017 Doctor Who Christmas special, and Moffat's last episode as lead writer and showrunner—finished production in July 2017 and broadcast on Christmas that year.

In March 2024, Moffat confirmed his return to writing for Doctor Who in Series 14. On the episode “Boom” he was credited as both writer and as an Executive Producer.

Dracula
In October 2018, BBC One and Netflix officially commissioned Dracula, a TV series written and created by Moffat and Gatiss based on Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula. In March 2019, Moffat revealed that the first night of production was about to start. The series began airing New Year's Day 2020, and was broadcast over three consecutive days. The three episodes were released on Netflix on 4 January 2020.

The Unfriend
On 13 February 2020, Chichester Festival Theatre announced that the play The Unfriend, written by Moffat, was intended to have its world premiere as part of the 2020 Festival Theatre season in the Minerva Theatre. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic the play's opening night was postponed until 26 May 2022. It was directed by Mark Gatiss and featured Amanda Abbington, Frances Barber, Reece Shearsmith, and Michael Simkins. Following a successful run in Chichester, the play transferred to the Criterion Theatre, London, in January 2023, and thence, with Sarah Alexander as Debbie, and Lee Mack as Peter, to Wyndham's Theatre in January 2024.

title: Steven Moffat


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Sensory deprivation

Sensory deprivation or perceptual isolation is the deliberate reduction or removal of stimuli from one or more of the senses. Simple devices such as blindfolds or hoods and earmuffs can cut off sight and hearing, while more complex devices can also cut off the sense of smell, touch, taste, thermoception (heat-sense), and the ability to know which way is down. Sensory deprivation has been used in various alternative medicines and in psychological experiments (e.g. with an isolation tank). When deprived of sensation, the brain attempts to restore sensation in the form of hallucinations.

Short-term sessions of sensory deprivation are described as relaxing and conducive to meditation; however, extended or forced sensory deprivation can result in extreme anxiety, hallucinations, bizarre thoughts, and depression.

A related phenomenon is perceptual deprivation, also called the Ganzfeld effect. In this case a constant uniform stimulus is used instead of attempting to remove the stimuli; this leads to effects which have similarities to sensory deprivation.

Sensory deprivation techniques were developed by some of the armed forces within NATO, as a means of interrogating prisoners within international treaty obligations. The European Court of Human Rights ruled that the use of the five techniques by British security forces in Northern Ireland amounted to a practice of inhuman and degrading treatment. It was also used in prisons such as Guantanamo.

Restricted environmental stimulation therapy (REST)
There are many different numbers of basic methods of restricted environmental stimulation, including therapy (REST), chamber REST, and flotation REST.

Chamber REST
In chamber REST, the subject lies on a bed in a completely dark and sound-reducing (on average, 80 dB) room for up to 24 hours. Their movement is restricted by the experimental instructions, but not by any mechanical restraints. Food, drink, and toilet facilities are provided in the room and are at the discretion of the tester, who can communicate with the participants using an open intercom. Subjects are allowed to leave the room before the 24 hours are complete; however, fewer than 10% actually do because they find the chamber so relaxing. Chamber REST affects psychological functioning (thinking, perception, memory, motivation, and mood) and psychophysiological processes.

Flotation REST
In flotation REST, the room contains a tank or pool. The flotation medium consists of a skin-temperature solution of water and Epsom salts at a specific gravity that allows for the patient to float supine without the worry of safety. In fact, to turn over while in the solution requires "major deliberate effort." Fewer than 5% of the subjects tested leave before the session duration ends, which is usually around an hour for flotation REST.

Spas sometimes provide commercial float tanks for use in relaxation. Flotation therapy has been academically studied in the US and in Sweden with published results showing reductions of both pain and stress. The relaxed state also involves lowered blood pressure, lowered levels of cortisol, and maximal blood flow. Besides physiological effects, REST seems to have positive effects on well-being and performance.

Chamber versus flotation REST
Several differences exist between flotation and chamber REST. For example, with the presence of a medium in flotation REST, the subject has reduced tactile stimulation while experiencing weightlessness. The addition of Epsom salts to attain the desired specific gravity may have a therapeutic effect on hypertonic muscles. Since one of the main results of chamber REST is a state of relaxation, the effects of chamber REST on arousal are less clear-cut, which can be attributed to the nature of the solution.

Also, due to the inherent immobilization that is experienced in flotation REST (by not being able to roll over), which can become uncomfortable after several hours, the subject is unable to experience the session durations of chamber REST. This may not allow the subject to experience the changes in attitudes and thinking that are associated with chamber REST. Additionally, the research questions asked between each technique are different. Chamber REST questions stemmed from research that began in the 1950s and explored a variety of questions about the need for stimulation, the nature of arousal, and its relationship with external stimulation. Practitioners in this area have explored its utility in the treatment of major psychiatric dysfunctions such as substance abuse. On the contrary, flotation REST was seen as more of a recreational tool as it was tested more for its use with stress-related disorders, pain reduction, and insomnia.

Numerous studies have debated which method is a more effective treatment process, however, only one has explored this statistically. Nineteen subjects, all of whom used chamber or flotation REST to induce relaxation or treat smoking, obesity, alcohol intake or chronic pain were analyzed. The statistic of interest, d, is a measure of the size of the treatment effect. For reference, d=0.5 is considered a moderate effect and d=0.8 a large effect. The 19 subjects who underwent chamber REST had d=0.53 and six flotation REST subjects showed d=0.33. Additionally, when examining subjects undergoing REST treatment and REST in conjunction with another treatment method, there was little difference. However, Flotation REST has the advantage of a lower duration required (45 minutes as opposed to 24 hours).

Sensory deprivation as a philosophical thought experiment
Sensory deprivation has been used to help support arguments by philosophers on how minds work. One example is the floating man argument proposed by Ibn Sīnā, whose primary objective is to affirm the existence of the human soul.

Floating man argument
Ibn Sīnā, one of the most important philosophers of the medieval period, investigated the existence of the self and explored the self's nature. Like many others, he proposed an argument to support his claim regarding the relationship between the mind and the body. He based his investigation on the Floating Man argument where, he proposes, a man floating in the air or a vacuum where he cannot perceive anything, not even the substance of air. This man is unable to see anything external; his arms and legs are separated from the rest of his body; they do not meet or touch. In other words, the man is experiencing extreme sensory deprivation in order to separate what physical body and any perception of stimuli that a person can experience from what consciousness might be in Ibn Sīnā's thought experiment. The man later reflects on his existence. He will not question that he exists, but he will not be able to affirm if his legs, arms, or internal organs exist. He guarantees that his essence exists, but he will not have awareness of the length or depth of himself. Therefore, in the thought experiment, what the man can affirm to exist is the man's self and what he cannot affirm does not make part of his essence, like an arm or a toe. The argument concludes then that since the man can affirm his existence while being subjected to extreme sensory deprivation, his soul is something different from his physical body. His soul is then said to be an immaterial substance separate from his body. This is considered a dualist argument in the philosophy of mind as it separates the mind from the body to affirm the existence of oneself.

Dualism
Dualism presupposes that the world is made up of physical (perceived through the senses), and immaterial (not perceived through the senses) substances.

René Descartes was the philosopher who proposed Cartesian dualism, also called substance dualism, since it claims the existence of two kinds of “substances”: mental states and material stuff that takes up space. For Descartes, the mind is an entity, different from a physical entity since the mind, in Descartes' point of view, can exist independently, that is, without a physical body. For this reason, he concluded that the mind is a substance.

Other uses
The use of REST has been explored in aiding in the cessation of smoking. In studies ranging between 12 months and five years, 25% of REST patients achieved long-term abstinence. REST, when combined with other effective smoking cessation methods (for example: behavior modification) resulted in long-term abstinence of 50%. Also, when combined with weekly support groups, REST resulted in 80% of patients achieving long-term abstinence. Comparatively, the use of a nicotine patch alone has a success rate of 5%.

Alcoholism has also been the target of research associated with REST. In conjunction with anti-alcohol educational messages, patients who underwent two hours of REST treatment reduced alcohol consumption by 56% in the first two weeks after treatment. The reduction in consumption was maintained during follow-ups conducted three and six months after the first treatment. It is, however, possible that this is caused by the placebo effect.

In addition, REST has been tested to determine its effect on users of other drugs. A University of Arizona study used chamber REST as a complement to traditional outpatient substance abuse treatment and found that four years later, 43% of the patients were still sober and drug-free. Eight months later, no one in the control group remained clean.

Psychedelic effects
Studies have been conducted to test the effect of sensory deprivation on the brain. One study took 19 volunteers, all of whom tested in the lower and upper 20th percentiles on a questionnaire that measures the tendency of healthy people to see things not really there, and placed them in a pitch-black, soundproof booth for 15 minutes, after which they completed another test that measures psychosis-like experiences, originally used to study recreational drug users. Five subjects reported seeing hallucinations of faces; six reported seeing shapes/faces not actually there; four noted a heightened sense of smell, and two reported sensing a "presence of evil" in the room. People who scored lower on the first test experienced fewer perceptual distortions; however, they still reported seeing a variety of hallucinations. Many studies have been conducted to understand the main causes of the hallucinations, and considerable evidence has been accumulated indicating that long periods of isolation aren't directly related to the level of experienced hallucinations.

Schizophrenics appear to tend to experience fewer hallucinations while in REST as compared to non-psychotic individuals. A possible explanation for this could be that non-psychotic individuals are normally exposed to a greater degree of sensory stimulation in everyday life, and in REST, the brain attempts to re-create a similar level of stimulation, producing the hallucinatory events. According to a 2009 study published in the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, the hallucinations are caused by the brain misidentifying the source of what it is currently experiencing, a phenomenon called faulty source monitoring. A study conducted on individuals who underwent REST while under the effects of Phencyclidine (PCP) showed a lower incidence of hallucination in comparison to participants who did not take PCP. The effects of PCP also appeared to be reduced while undergoing REST. The effects PCP has on reducing occurrences of hallucinatory events provide a potential insight into the mechanisms behind these events.

Interrogation
Sensory deprivation has been used to disorientate subjects during interrogation, brainwashing, and torture. In particular, the five techniques of wall-standing; hooding; subjection to noise; deprivation of sleep; deprivation of food and drink were used by the security forces in Northern Ireland in the early 1970s. After the Parker Report of 1972, these techniques were formally abandoned by the United Kingdom as aids to the interrogation of paramilitary suspects.

The Irish government on behalf of the men who had been subject to the five methods took a case to the European Commission of Human Rights (Ireland v. United Kingdom, 1976 Y.B. Eur. Conv. on Hum. Rts. 512, 748, 788–94 (European Commission of Human Rights)). The Commission stated that it "considered the combined use of the five methods to amount to torture." This consideration was overturned on appeal, when in 1978 the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) examined the United Nations' definition of torture. The court subsequently ruled that the five techniques "did not occasion suffering of the particular intensity and cruelty implied by the word torture," however they did amount "to a practice of inhuman and degrading treatment," which is a breach of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 3.

In their judgment the court states that:
 * These methods, sometimes termed "disorientation" or "sensory deprivation" techniques, were not used in any cases other than the fourteen so indicated above. It emerges from the Commission's establishment of the facts that the techniques consisted of:''
 * wall-standing: forcing the detainees to remain for periods of some hours in a stress position, described by those who underwent it as being "spreadeagled against the wall, with their fingers put high above the head against the wall, the legs spread apart and the feet back, causing them to stand on their toes with the weight of the body mainly on the fingers";
 * hooding: putting a black or navy colored bag over the detainees' heads and, at least initially, keeping it there all the time except during interrogation;
 * subjection to noise: pending their interrogations, holding the detainees in a room where there was a continuous loud and hissing noise;
 * deprivation of sleep: pending their interrogations, depriving the detainees of sleep
 * deprivation of food and drink: subjecting the detainees to a reduced diet during their stay at the center and pending interrogation

General and cited references

 * P. Solomon et al. (eds.) (1961). Sensory deprivation. Harvard University Press.
 * Marvin Zuckerman, Nathan Cohen (1964). "Sources of Reports of Visual Auditory Sensations in perceptual-isolation experiments". Psychological Bulletin, July 1964, 62, pp. 1–20.
 * L. Goldberger (1966). "Experimental isolation: An overview". American Journal of Psychiatry 122, 774–782.
 * J. Zubek (ed.) (1969). Sensory deprivation: Fifteen years of research. Appleton Century Crofts.
 * European Court of Human Rights (1978). Ireland v. the United Kingdom – January 18, 1978.
 * Dirk van Dierendonck & Jan te Nijenhuis (2005). "Flotation restricted environmental stimulation therapy (REST) as a stress-management tool: A meta-analysis". Psychology and Health, June 2005, 20(3), pp. 405–412.
 * P. R. Corlett, C. D. Frith, P. C. Fletcher (2009). "From drugs to deprivation: a Bayesian framework for understanding models of psychosis". Psychopharmacology, November 2009, 206(4), pp. 515–530.

title: Sensory deprivation


text:
MERP

MERP may refer to:

 * Middle-earth Role Playing
 * Medicaid Estate Recovery Program
 * MerP, a member of the Mercury transporter

title: MERP


text:
Michael Jackson (writer)

Michael James Jackson (27 March 1942 – 30 August 2007) was an English writer and journalist. He was the author of many influential books about beer and whisky. He was a regular contributor to a number of broadsheets, particularly The Independent and The Observer.

Jackson's books have sold over three million copies worldwide and have been translated into eighteen languages. He is credited with helping to start a renaissance of interest in beer and breweries worldwide in the 1970s, particularly in the United States. He is also widely credited with popularising the idea of beer styles. His influential television series The Beer Hunter was shown in fifteen countries.

He was as well-versed in malt whisky as he was in beer, and his book Michael Jackson's Malt Whisky Companion (1989) is the best-selling book on the subject in the world.

At the time of his death Jackson had been suffering from Parkinson's disease for at least a decade. He did not declare his illness until his symptoms caused some to think he was drunk.

Life
Jackson was born in Wetherby, West Riding of Yorkshire. His father had Anglicised his Lithuanian Jewish surname Jakowitz to Jackson. The family moved to Leeds after the war. He went to King James's Grammar School, Almondbury and became a journalist, particularly being associated with Edinburgh, where he first encountered whisky. On his return to London he briefly edited the advertising trade journal Campaign.

Michael Jackson became known in beer circles in 1977 when his book The World Guide To Beer was first published. This was later translated into more than ten languages and is still considered to be one of the most fundamental books on the subject. The modern theory of beer style is largely derived from this book, in which Jackson categorised a variety of beers from around the world in local style groups suggested by local customs and names.

His work had a special influence on the popularisation of the brewing culture in North America, and in 1989 he hosted a television series entitled The Beer Hunter, which was shown on Channel 4 in the UK and the Discovery Channel. It involved several episodes in which Jackson would visit a different country. Episodes featured beer barrels being lined with pitch or iron foundry workers drinking 'light' beer while they worked in hot conditions to quench thirst, practices which he knew were likely to be ended soon.

Jackson considered beer as a component of culture and described beers in their cultural context. Although he travelled around the world and discovered different beer cultures, he was especially fond of the Belgian beers. He was appointed to an honorary officer of the Ridderschap van de Roerstok in 1997 for his important contribution to the international success of the Belgian beers. This honour had previously only been given to brewers. Jackson helped create and worked with the only beer club he ever endorsed, Michael Jackson's Rare Beer Club. Jackson was also a reviewer of whiskies. In his book The Malt Whisky Companion, he reviewed a large number of whiskies and gave them marks from 0–100, considering only those with a score above seventy-five worth purchasing. He received the award of "Master of the Quaich".

He was a fan of rugby league.

It was revealed in December 2006 that Jackson had been suffering for at least a decade from Parkinson's disease. He also suffered from diabetes. Michael Jackson died of a heart attack in his home on the morning of 30 August 2007 at the age of 65. He was survived by his girlfriend of 26 years, Paddy Gunningham, and her daughter and grandchildren.

Awards

 * André Simon Award
 * Winner of the Glenfiddich Trophy, a British prize for culinary writers.
 * Honorary officer of the Ridderschap van de Roerstok, a Belgian award.
 * The Gold Tankard of the British Guild of Beer Writers, given for his CD-Roms
 * Columnist of the Year from the North American Guild of Beer Writers
 * Winner James Beard Award, 2006
 * Keeper of the Quaich; Master of the Quaich (Scotch Whisky industry award)
 * Holder of the Haarikka ("haarikanhaltija" in Finnish) 1995 (Finnish Sahti Association award)
 * First recipient of the US Achievement Award of the Institute for Fermentation Studies.
 * Honorary Master beer judge; Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP)

Selective bibliography

 * Jackson, Michael (1976). The English Pub
 * Jackson, Michael (1977). The World Guide to Beer
 * Jackson, Michael (1986). Pocket Guide to Beer ISBN 0-671-72915-2
 * Jackson, Michael (1987). The World Guide to Whisky
 * Jackson, Michael (1988). New World Guide to Beer (Updated)
 * Jackson, Michael (1991). Michael Jackson's Great Beers of Belgium ISBN 0-7624-0403-5
 * Jackson, Michael (1997). Michael Jackson's Beer Companion ISBN 0-7624-0772-7
 * Jackson, Michael (1998) Ultimate Beer
 * Jackson, Michael (1998) Little Book on Beer
 * Jackson, Michael; Lucas, Sharon (ed.) (1999). Michael Jackson's complete guide to Single Malt Scotch (fourth ed.).  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:  Running Press Book Publishers.  ISBN 0-7624-0731-X
 * Jackson, Michael; Lucas, Sharon (ed.) (2000). Michael Jackson's Great Beer Guide.  DK ADULT.  ISBN 0-7894-5156-5
 * Jackson, Michael (2001). Scotland and its Whiskies
 * Jackson, Michael (2004). The Malt Whisky Companion, Penguin Books 2004 ISBN 978-1-4053-0234-0
 * Jackson, Michael (2005). Bar and Cocktail Party Book
 * Jackson, Michael (2005). Whisky ISBN 978-0-7513-4434-9

Multimedia

 * The Beer Hunter (1989), a set of two VHS videocassettes
 * A Journey of Discovery – Tasting the Classic Malts with Michael Jackson (1992), a VHS videocassette
 * The Beer Hunter (1995), a CD-ROM about the American beer culture
 * World Beer Hunter (1996), a CD-ROM on beer cultures around the world
 * Beer Hunter The Movie (2013), a documentary film on Michael's life

title: Michael Jackson (writer)


text:
Fried egg

A fried egg is a cooked dish made from one or more eggs which are removed from their shells and placed into a frying pan and fried. They are traditionally eaten for breakfast in many countries but may also be served at other times of the day.

Austria, Germany, and Switzerland

Fried eggs (Spiegeleier; singular Spiegelei) are a crucial part of such traditional German dishes as Strammer Max (the egg is fried on one side with an unbroken yolk, and served "sunny side up" atop an open ham sandwich) or Hamburger Schnitzel / Holsteiner Schnitzel / Fernfahrerschnitzel ("trucker's schnitzel") – a similarly prepared fried egg served on a Wiener Schnitzel.

Fried eggs over (or side-by-side with) pan-fried potatoes is another common dish, sometimes served with spinach as a third component of the meal. Some German cooks break the yolk and distribute it across the surface of the white during the frying.

All of the above are typically lunch, rather than breakfast, dishes, although eggs themselves (like boiled or scrambled eggs) are a common part of a German breakfast.

South Asia
In South Asia, fried eggs are commonly served alone or as an accompaniment to bread. It may also occasionally be served with dosa, paratha, or roti. During or after the frying stage, they are sometimes sprinkled lightly with condiments such as black pepper, chili powder, green chili, and salt.

In central and northern India's English-speaking middle classes and mid-level restaurants, "single-fried" refers to sunny side up (also known as a "bullseye") and "double-fried" to over hard. Street food parlance uses "half-fry" or "half boil" as a base term with "half fry bina palti" (un-flipped) meaning sunny side up and "half fry palti maarke" or "alti palti" (flipped) meaning over easy/medium/hard where the customer oversees the flip and says when.

Cambodia and Vietnam
In Cambodia, a fried egg is often served on top of a common dish called beef lok lak. It is made of a ring of spinach, onion finely shaven, and tomato with either a portion of venison or beef with gravy, topped with a fried egg, either duck or chicken egg.

In Vietnam, a fried egg (Trứng ốp la) is served over white rice, topped with a dab of oyster or hoisin sauce; this is also popular in east Asia. Fried eggs are also sometimes used in a bánh mì.

Czech Republic
Fried egg prepared sunny side up is known as "volské oko" or "sázené vejce" in Czech cuisine and they are served either alone as part of breakfast, or for lunch with a side of spinach and boiled potatoes.

Egypt
In Egypt, fried eggs are a common breakfast food. They are fried in fat such as vegetable oil, butter, or ghee and served either plain or with other foodstuffs such as tomatoes, cheese, sausage, or minced meat with onions and spices; they may also be served with ful medames (slow-cooked fava beans).

Indonesia
In Indonesia, fried eggs are served either as telur ceplok or telur mata sapi (Indonesian for "bull's eye egg") which refer to sunny side up eggs, as telur dadar (omelette) or as telur orak-arik (scrambled eggs). The fried eggs are either setengah matang which is half cooked with still runny yolk or matang which is well done. When speaking English, an Indonesian waiter may ask if you want the egg fried "one side" or "two sides". Fried eggs, especially bull's eye egg, are a popular topping for Indonesian fried rice (nasi goreng) and fried noodle (mie goreng), either freshly prepared noodle or cooked from instant noodle Indomie Mi goreng.

A simple dish of fried sunny side up egg served on top of steamed rice drizzled with kecap manis sweet soy sauce, is a favourite dish among Indonesian children. Other than served with rice, fried eggs might be served with bread as a sandwich for breakfast. Seasoning includes salt and pepper, sweet soy sauce, and sometimes hot and spicy sambal chili paste.

Ireland and the United Kingdom
Fried eggs can be served on toast, or in a sandwich, with bacon, sausages, and a variety of condiments. Eggs are often part of the full breakfast commonly eaten in Britain and Ireland. Fried eggs are often served with ham or gammon steak as a popular pub meal. The egg is cooked on high heat and hot fat, oil, or water may be splashed onto the top of the egg to baste it and cook the white. They are usually cooked without turning over.

Hispanic and Lusitanic world

In Portugal and Brazil, a runny egg placed over a steak with a side dish of rice and black beans and fried potatoes is called a bife a cavalo, literally "horse-riding steak".

A similar dish, with the name bife a caballo in Spanish, is also common in Argentina, Ecuador, and Uruguay (called churrasco); fried potatoes and salad replace the beans and rice.

In Chile and Peru, a fried egg is included in Lomo a lo Pobre, Chorrillana, Paila de huevo, and several other dishes.

In Ecuador, llapingachos include a sunny side-up egg served over pan-seared cheesy mashed potatoes and fried sausage.

In northern Mexico, huevos montados (riding eggs) are served with refried beans and fried potatoes (or french fries). Another common method of serving eggs in Mexico is huevos a la mexicana, which blends fried eggs with diced tomato, onion, and green chili pepper; the amount of pepper added is often to order.

There are several other egg dishes in Mexico which combine different ingredients: Huevos motuleños (in Yucatán), aporreados (mixed with refried beans), and huevos rancheros (sunny side up eggs served over a corn tortilla, covered with spicy salsa). Also, in some parts of Mexico, fried eggs are served with fresh tomato, onions, and cilantro salsa. Red chili is optional, as is a blended sauce.

In Spain fried eggs (huevos fritos) are a common dish. They are eaten alone, with meat, or with sausages. In this country, a fried egg served with boiled rice covered in tomato sauce is called arroz a la cubana in Spanish and the same dish is served in parts of Latin America, Italy (so-called occhio di bue, transl: ox's eye), the Philippines, and Portugal as well.

Poet Nazım Hikmet says, in an interview, that he stayed with a Spanish friend for a month and ate fried eggs almost every day.

Japan
Called "medama yaki" (目玉焼き, lit.: cooked eyeball), fried eggs are usually made sunny side up. They may be served with salt and pepper, soy sauce, or Japanese-style Worcestershire sauce. Fried eggs are a popular breakfast dish, with toasted sliced bread or rice.

Korea
Called 계란부침 (gyeranbuchim, 'egg pancake') or more commonly 계란후라이 (gyeran hurai, 'egg fry'). Eggs are fried in cooking oil, sometimes with a sprinkle of salt. It is common to put a fried egg on top of bibimbap or Kimchi bokkeumbap. Sometimes, rice dishes, such as bokkeumbap, are simply made by applying a fried egg on top of a bowl of hot rice, drizzled with a spoonful of gochujang and sesame oil. Occasionally, salt is added to fried eggs, and served as Banchan, which refers to small dishes of food served along with bap. In Busan area, fried eggs are often served with Jjajangmyeon.

Malaysia and Singapore
Just as in Indonesia, nasi goreng, one of the popular fried rice dish in Malaysia and Singapore is often served with a fried egg.

Netherlands

In the Netherlands, a fried egg (spiegelei) is normally served on top of a slice of bread (white or whole wheat), often with fried bacon, for breakfast or lunch.

An uitsmijter is a dish consisting of two or three fried eggs, sunny side up. One version is fried together with ham and cheese (uitsmijter ham en kaas), or bacon and cheese (uitsmijter spek en kaas). Another version is placed on buttered bread over a generous slice of cold meat, e.g., cooked ham or beef, similar to the German Strammer Max or Strammer Otto, and usually garnished with a dill pickle. It is a common lunch dish served in many cafes, canteens, and lunch rooms in the Netherlands. Uitsmijter, which literally means "out-thrower", is a Dutch word for a bouncer.

Nigeria
What is known as "scrambled eggs" in the US and UK is called "fried eggs" in Nigeria, while what is known as "fried eggs" in the US and UK would be known as "half-fried eggs" in Nigeria. The mai shai stalls cook scrambled eggs to the point of being heavily crisp.

Philippines
In the Philippines, fried eggs are often cooked like a sunny-side egg but the yolk is half cooked - referred to as malasado (from the Spanish, meaning undercooked) - by sprinkling it with salt and oil while being fried, giving it a distinctive pink-colored membrane. Garlic rice (sinangag) with an egg (itlog) is a common combination known as silog, usually served with a choice of breakfast meat such as beef tapa to make it tapsilog, longaniza (longsilog), fried milkfish, dried fish, tocino (caramelised pork), Spam, or corned beef, etc. In addition, fried eggs are eaten in a dish called Arroz a la cubana, which is seasoned ground beef with raisins, cubed potatoes, tomato sauce, and olives, along with white rice and fried ripe plantains. Fried eggs are also a main ingredient in the noodle dish Pancit Batil Patong, where a fried egg is topped over stir-fried noodles.

Russia

The two most popular fried egg dishes commonly eaten in Russia are yaichnitsa (Russian: яичница), a generic term for pure fried eggs, and omlet (Russian: омлет), an omelet distinguished from simple eggs by addition of milk or other liquids.

Yaichnitsa has two main varieties, a glazun'ja (Russian: глазунья), usually referring to the sunny-side up but generally meaning any variant with the unbroken yolk, and a scramble called boltunya (Russian: болтунья), which may have various toppings such as fried bacon, ham, salt pork or other cold cuts, fried bread or onion, or other vegetables added. A common way of preparing both types is to have multiple eggs cracked into a saucepan or frying pan and cooked without flipping. The whites flow together and individual portions are divided up after the whole pan-full has cooked.

Thailand
In Thai cuisine, when the words khai dao (lit. "star egg") are placed after the name of a dish, it means that one wants that dish accompanied by a fried egg. The very popular kaphrao mu rat khao khai dao for instance, translates to "basil fried pork on top of rice with a fried egg". Sometimes this is referred to as a "top egg". Fried rice is also popularly accompanied with a fried egg, such as with khao phat Amerikan and khao phat (standard Thai-style fried rice). Another popular way of eating fried eggs in Thailand is to use it as the main ingredient of the Thai salad called yam khai dao.

United States and Canada
North Americans use different terms to describe the degree and method to which fried eggs are cooked, including:

 * Over easy or over light
 * Cooked on both sides; the yolk is runny and the egg white is fully cooked.

 * Over medium
 * Cooked on both sides; the yolk is cooked through but soft and near liquid at the center. The egg white is thoroughly cooked.

 * Over hard or over well
 * Cooked on both sides all the way through, with the yolk broken (immediately after the egg is cracked).

 * Sunny-side up
 * Cooked on one side only, until the egg white is set, but the yolk remains liquid. Gently splashing the hot cooking oil or fat over the sunny side uncooked white may be done to thoroughly cook the white. Covering the frying pan with a lid during cooking (optionally adding a cover and half-teaspoon of water just before finishing) allows for a less "runny" egg, and is an alternative method to flipping for cooking an egg over easy (this is occasionally called sunny side down or basted). Sunny side-up eggs are also commonly referred to as "dippy eggs" or "dip eggs" by Pennsylvania Dutch people living in central Pennsylvania, in parts of Ohio, and in Pittsburgh mainly due to the practice of dipping toast into the yolk while eating. This term is also occasionally used in Canada. They are also sometimes called moon eggs by those residing in eastern Maryland.

Egg in the basket
The name "toad in the hole" is sometimes used for this dish, particularly in the U.S., though that name more commonly refers to sausages cooked in Yorkshire pudding batter. This dish is usually made by cutting a circle or other shape out of a slice of bread, often using a drinking glass or biscuit cutter. The bread is fried until brown on one side and then flipped, and an egg is broken into the center and seasoned, usually with salt and pepper, and sometimes herbs. The pan is then covered, and the egg is cooked until the white is just set. The cutout center of the bread is often fried as well and served alongside or on top of the finished egg.

title: Fried egg


text:
ISO 3166-2:IT

ISO 3166-2:IT is the entry for Italy in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Elements
Currently for Italy, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for two levels of subdivisions:
 * 15 regions and 5 autonomous regions
 * 80 provinces, 2 autonomous provinces, 4 decentralized regional entities, 6 free municipal consortia and 14 metropolitan cities

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is IT, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Italy. The second part is either of the following:
 * two digits: regions
 * two letters: provinces, decentralized regional entities, free municipal consortia and metropolitan cities

For the regions, the first digit indicates the geographical region where the subdivision is in:
 * 2, 3, 4: Northern Italy
 * 5: Central Italy (excluding Lazio)
 * 6, 7: Southern Italy (including Lazio)
 * 8: Insular Italy

For provinces, the two-letter part is an abbreviation of the province name, such as 'PG' for Perugia, although, as an exception, the code for former Medio Campidano (IT-VS) whose name was based on its two capitals, Villacidro and Sanluri.

Vehicle registration plates
The two-letter provincial codes were used in vehicle registration plates between 1905 and 1994 (except for Rome, whose vehicle code has always been ROMA instead of RM).

In 1994, a new universal notation was introduced, dropping the province code entirely. This proved to be unpopular, and the two-letter code (or "ROMA") has been allowed to be added to a new, EU-style, blue border of the plates since 1999.

Current codes
Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).

ISO 639-1 codes are used to represent subdivision names in the following administrative languages:
 * (de): German
 * (fr): French

Click on the button in the header to sort each column.

First Level Subdivisions

 * Notes

Changes
The following changes to the entry have been announced in newsletters by the ISO 3166/MA since the first publication of ISO 3166-2 in 1998:

title: ISO 3166-2:IT


text:
Talk:Autechre

pronounced?
Can someone please add a pronunciation guide to the name of this artist? Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.90.78.70 (talk) 13:55, 30 November 2010 (UTC)

misc
I have to say I don't agree with any of the three 'suspicions' listed. The third one certainly would be strongly disputed by ae themselves.Ledge 14:42, 12 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * Yes, I don't think those "suspicions" are meant to be accusation as such (thie third one, for instance, is trying to say that Autechre's music sounds like it was written by computers, not that it actually was), but I certainly think these are rather personal responses to Autechre's music and probably not appropriate for the article. I'm not sure about this assertion that their music is "thick and dense" either - it's always seemed a model of clarity to me. If we could find a review by a recognised critic who said these sorts of things about Autechre, then we could quote him and that would be fine, but otherwise that commentary should probably be taken out (I'll leave it in just for now, because I'm in a rush, but if somebody else takes it out, that'll be fine as far as I'm concerned). --Camembert

'K, I've taken out the suspicions, and added a piece about reactions to their music which I hope is a bit more NPOV. I'm not really sure who could count as a recognised critic... also added a piece about the generative storm-in-a-teacup, unfortunately couldn't find a decent single quote in the article to sum it up. --Ledge

 * I suppose by "recognised critic" I just meant somebody who has had stuff published in a reasonably well known magazine (rather than somebody writing in their blog or whatever). What you've added looks pretty good to me. --Camembert

We're not sure about this, but.. AUral TECHnology REdefined, article in Sound on Sound, around 1993? Someone can verify or acknowledge this? Guaka 19:34, 14 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * I've heard this rumour before (as AUdio TECHnology REsearch), but never seen any proof. No evidence of a 1993 interview on the SoS website, no mention in the 1997 interview.Ledge

 * Little mistake. It was Future Music. Still need to locate the magazine in a huge pile of mags and stuff.

Autechre (from anywhere, meaning anything you want, pronounced any way you want)

I met them while they were behind the counter at ambient soho back in about '94/'95?, anyway I had to ask about the name and rob said that it was originally a similar name but they had to fit it into the characters available in an atari filename so on the spur of the moment decided on autechre. Of course he could have been winding me up but they were very honest about some other stuff like what they thought of fsol and being very embarassed when I told them I had a copy of cavity job - their first 12 which has a great chord sequence by the way. davidcbarnett

 * What happened to the ep7 album?

 * Autechre consider it an EP, so it is under the EP section of the discography. Junjk 07:08, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * It was originally released as two EPs: "EP 7.1" and "EP 7.2". Admittedly a confusing one, since the combined EP7 does not fit the criteria for an EP release. Magic Window 14:02, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Is Amber's cover really Turkey's Cappadocia rock formations? I thought they were sand dunes, commonly located on the United Kingdom's coastline (and elsewhere in the world), and bears some similarities in to those located near to Ae's their home town of Rochdale. The dunes in the UK are breaking down at the edge of the beach due to coastal erosion, forming patterns of sand 'piles'. 94.14.180.158 (talk) 01:18, 16 February 2013 (UTC)

Layout and the Music section
it seems like a lot of the information that should be grouped together is unnecessarily spread across several of the sections here.

the general information at the top should probably say where they are from; and while this happens in the history section now, i think the general information should also introduce the names of the members.

right now, music software and algorithmic pattern generation get mentioned in the music section, but i think they should probably be moved to the methods section. their music definitely has an intimidating unconventionality to it (which i myself actually found immediately appealing, contrary to the article's claim), but the fact that they use music software and algorithms to generate it is secondary to the style itself, which i think the music section is trying to describe.

that section is a bit weak right now in my opinion, if it's really attempting to be a description of style, and i think there is a lot of detail that could be added. an attempt could be made to chronicle their stylistic changes over their carreer. the most notable change is probably between the clean sterility of Tri Repetae and Chiastic Slide's crunchier edge, though there have been significant changes with almost every album since Incunabula.

also i think that draft 7.30 no longer holds the throne for most percussion-oriented album, now that untilted is out, but im not sure it's necessary to point out which album is most drum oriented in the section's current form, which is a general overview of their style. all of their albums have a lot of percussion-heavy tracks, and this sounds like draft 7.30 is the pinnacle of their style. Twelvethirteen 19:04, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

note: i made some of the changes i talked about in that diatribe (excuse the diatribe). i also changed the word "nickname" to "moniker" since a nickname is given by someone else, while a moniker is given to yourself. ae is a moniker because it appears on their official releases. i changed "max/msp/jitter" to "max/msp." jitter is an expansion for max/msp that allows the inclusion and processing of video signals. though they may own jitter, i find it doubtful that they use it in their music.

it would also be nice to at some point include some booth/brown quotes from interviews or references to actual critical reviews, but i'll leave that to someone who is more familiar with those types of things. (for now) Twelvethirteen 03:29, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Algorithmic Generation
ive been thinking a lot about how to do justice to autechre's use of algorithmic sound and pattern generation. in particular ive been looking at this interview with sean. about 2/3 of the way through they start discussing algorithms and generative music in some depth. this could be a good source, but im not exactly sure how we could use some of these quotes. Twelvethirteen 20:36, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Now it says "but Sean Booth has disputed these claims" and refers to the website you quote, but this is wrong IMHO, I don't think he disputes that, he rather mocks (sp?) the interviewers take on algorithmic music. I think that part should be deleted. (Link to interview should stay though) 85.178.53.25 13:07, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Removed comment Alex 19:02, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Autechre name origin
Autechre did an interview in 1994 with a Los Angeles based culture/future media magazine "Resource" where they claimed the name "Autechre" came from a random character generator that either Booth or Brown had coded. The program simply spit out an eight-character alphabetic form when triggered. "Autechre" came up eventually and they simply liked the look and potential sound of it.

I will have to dig through some stacks to find that issue for a source. I might have the name wrong.

I am most totally certain that any notion the name means "Audio Architecture" or "Audio Technology Redefined" or any variation is false; its proliferation seems to stem from a series of erroneous discussions on the IDM mailing list at hyperreal.org during the mid to late 1990's.

 * If so, I doubt it was purely random. A pronounceable word with 50% vowels would be rare. 86.128.49.27 (talk) 15:37, 18 November 2015 (UTC)

living arrangements
in the interview:

http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~reynolda/music_ae_092801.html

sean talks about the working relationship with rob, and runs through his day so far, at one point saying:

"Yeah, and then he got up about five minutes after I did (laughs) and just like didn't have any coffee."

do they live together? do they share a bed? are they lovers?

 * *LOL* no man.. IIRC the have somewhat comparable studios, Rob lives in london and Sean is married to Mira Calix and lives somewhere in the country side, Suffolk.
 * see http://www.discogs.com/artist/Mira+Calix
 * nice guys btw --Wires 15:54, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

"Please expand this article."
Is this tag still needed? It's starting to remind me of those perpetual "This page is under construction" GIFs. There's room to grow, but the article seems adequate. – edgarde 17:02, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I say yes. Expansion tags often end up in places where people wouldn't like to see them, but they're needed here. In addition to the sectstub tags under Music and Methods (those two sections are hardly adequate), the article could do with more on public perception of Autechre's music and responses from peers and critics. I figure a lot of people who view this page regularly have been waiting a long time for that additional material. — Shoejar 05:14, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd say no. Any article that isn't already at a 'featured' level could use expansion. It's implicit in the site. I'm going to remove the top tag, as Edgarde suggested. --Quiddity 01:58, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

Article protection
Considering the constant vandalising of this article, how about semi-protection? I requested it once about two months ago and it was knocked back. What do people think? Shoejartalk/edits
 * See Semi-protection policy. It's only to be used as a last resort, and this page has only been vandalised a few times in the last week. Protection would only be an option if there were dozens of problems per day. (eg It's a Wonderful Life - History - this was protected today.) We can easily watch&fix the tiny amount that occurs here. :) --Quiddity 19:39, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I thought that was proper justification at the time semi-protection was rejected, but the regularity of it has gotten on my nerves since then. I dunno. Shoejar

Adding reviews
There is an editor who has recently decided, unfortunately, to take ownership of this article for his own agenda (whatever that might be) and reverting any edits made to it. To whichever anonymous editor who added reviews of Untilted, Peel Sessions 2 and the ae3o collaboration with The Hafler Trio may instead want to consider adding these to their album pages directly (or create a new album page for the collaboration). AlexReynolds 10:23, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * 1) You need to learn more about Wikipedia policies and guidelines (such as WP:CITE) before making such attacks on other editors (also read WP:NPA).
 * 2) With regard to the gallery: Wikipedia has become extremely strict with regard to the misuse of fair-use images. In some respects I believe that this has gone too far; nevertheless, as I explained on your Talk page, insisting on such misues is not allowed, and if you continue you might well be blocked from editing as a result. --Mel Etitis  ( Talk ) 20:16, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

 * There is nothing in WP:CITE which explains your editing actions to remove the gallery. You need to properly cite relevant policy guidelines indicating why you make the changes you are making, before making drastic edits that do not reflect how nearly all WP artist pages are edited. This would otherwise be considered common courtesy.

 * Your behavior in this respect has been noted on your Talk page more than once by various parties. Consider this observation a personal attack if you like, but you might want to carefully rethink how you are using your administrative privileges to bully other editors. AlexReynolds 22:32, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

 * 1) You need to learn to read what other editors write, not what you think that they're going to write. In this case, the reference to WP:CITE was in response to your ill-informed and ill-mannered comments about my reverting of unexplained and unsourced edits by other editors.
 * 2) "[N]early all WP artist pages" don't have galleries — very few do, in fact, and those are gradually being removed. Your behaviour in aggressively reverting explained changes made in accordance with policy, and your subsequent incivility here, leaves you in no position to throw stones.
 * 3) I used no admin privileges. --Mel Etitis ( Talk ) 12:19, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

music samples
Slip is a great song, but if I was going to pick one song to represent Autechre, I think it would be one of my last choices. It is immensely dissimilar from the majority of their work. If anyone else agrees and feels up to it, I think it should either be replaced or at least add 1 or 2 other songs in addition that would help to more accurately reflect Autechre's whole sound.WildlifeAnalysis 12:48, 27 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. It would be valuable to have something from Confield to represent their later work, and Tri Repetae since it's probably their best-known release. --Ultra Megatron 03:53, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
 * How about Eidetic Casine and C/Pach?? All three clips would essentially represent the sound of each album. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gnetin (talk • contribs) 19:26, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

I agree. That is a much better way to represent their sound. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.107.225.216 (talk) 16:59, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

Let's make this page into a Featured Article!!!
I think we definitely have the potential to, it would expose quite a lot of people to Autechre! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.249.153.134 (talk) 13:02, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Hear, hear! Pixel Eater (talk) 22:47, 23 October 2010 (UTC)

Sto Lend EP (?)
I just discovered a "Sto Lend" EP by Autechre on iTunes (Canada store). Here is the info:

 * Autechre. Sto Lend (EP).
 * Released: December 01, 1996
 * (p) 1996 Catapult

 * 1. Klabin
 * 2. Sil-Taper
 * 3. Mend/Cin
 * 4. Cynic
 * 5. It's Not (The Black Dog Mix)

- - -

What the hell is this? I never heard of this Autechre EP before. Any additional info? --FreedonNadd (talk) 21:03, 11 July 2008 (UTC)
 * according to some randomer on watmm;

In 2008 an Autechre EP was released titled Sto Lend. It was released as a lost collection of tracks by the duo circa 1996-'97. The truth is, although it was made during that time period, it wasn't Autechre but by a group called Autopilot. Originally this EP was produced after a self titled limited edition CD by the duo of Se Jun Ho & Derek Marin and never released. What does tie this EP to Autechre themselves (other that it sorta does sound like them) is that some of the sounds where recycled from programed beats that were left on Roland R8 drum machine after a Warp event. Sean Booth & Rob Brown actually borrowed equipment from Derek Marin for the live show Autechre performed at a Blech party in NYC & in the process left beats on the machine. The beats were later used to create some of this recording. How the Sto Lend EP was released as an Autechre project is not known but now it is finally available under it's true identity. To sum up: Yes it's not Autechre, Yes it was produced in 96/97, yes it does have some beats programmed by Autechre themselves & yes the Sto Lend EP was previously released by someone unknown under false pretenses.
 * completely unverifiable, but nonetheless interesting if true. --Kaini (talk) 23:23, 23 October 2010 (UTC)

Music-making methods and inclusion of personal non-verifiable information
I had a chance to talk to Booth before their performance this February in Graz, Austria. One of the topics that (as I think) could be included here is their music-making methods. Booth says that they are not using MAX/MSP or similar sequencing software any longer, but moved to using hardware (which includes both digital and analog devices). However, this information could not be verified, as that was purely personal chat (not an interview). However, the sound on Quaristice indirectly confirms this. Could I include information like this in the article? I am neuron (talk) 13:20, 22 August 2008 (UTC)
 * The simple answer is: Yes, anything that improves the encyclopedia is welcome. The complex answer is: Check out Verifiability (particularly the nutshell). Hope that helps. -- Quiddity 17:26, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

Hold on, I have an interview from Future Music magazine in March 2008 that says they still use max/msp on quaristice. - Drthatguy (talk) 09:43, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

Contested statements removed to talk

 * Many describe Autechre's music as cold and austere, whereas others perceive a warmth and sentimentality that touches even the most cerebral pieces.
 * Autechre have emphasized that their music-making involves using new techniques on old equipment and old techniques on new equipment, and that their sound comes from combinations of tools and techniques, and "creative routing", more than any single magical machine.
 * This has been the case since their early days, when, for example, they used a Boss delay that had a pitch/trigger input, allowing it to be used as a realtime sampler.

Please do not restore this information to the article without a citation.-- Birgitte SB  03:21, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

Reference 7
This reference doesn't justify the setence in the article. Quoting from the interview: "He wanted text, so, yeah, we wrote some nonsense software. It's mostly Pascal, you know, kind of dated (laughs)."

So the sentence: "Autechre have experimented in depth with..." makes no sense with regards to SuperCollider.

"Cheesy" early albums
A recent edit removed the sentence about Brown stating that the first couple of albums sounded, in retrospect, "cheesy". I've restored this. I don't necessarily agree with it myself, but it's relevant and it's referenced and it's surely of some interest to know what an artist thinks of their own work. I suppose it might eventually go in a section dedicated to critical responses to Autechre (I've half a mind to write one myself), but for the moment I think it's better where it is than not in the article at all. --Camembert (talk) 01:21, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

article development
we need to keep a handle on WP:OR here. whilst Amber (colour) is undoubtedly the middle colour light on traffic signals, and Amber (album) is undoubtedly autechre's second album, to suggest any connection without a proper cite is pure WP:SYN --Kaini (talk) 02:14, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

EPs
Autechre's EPs are of equivalent importance as their albums and tidy enough to be easily listed, should they be listed along with the Studio albums in the quick discography? Neroli (talk) 23:14, 18 September 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Autechre