text:
Buster

Buster or BUSTER may refer to:

People

 * Buster (surname)
 * Buster (given name)
 * Buster (nickname)

Comics

 * Buster (comics), a British comic
 * Buster (sport comic), a Swedish comic

Film and television

 * Buster (film), a film starring Phil Collins
 * Buster (MythBusters), the MythBusters crash test dummy
 * Buster Film Festival for Children and Youth (BUSTER), a Danish film festival

Music

 * Buster (band), an English rock band, formed in Wirral, near Liverpool in 1974
 * Buster (soundtrack), the soundtrack to the film Buster
 * "Buster", the theme song by Nanna Lüders Jensen for the Danish television show Busters verden
 * Busters (group), a South Korean pop group

Computing and technology

 * Buster, an Amiga custom computer chip
 * Buster, a multiservice tactical brevity code signaling an aircraft pilot to use maximum continuous power
 * Buster, the codename of version 10 of the Debian Linux operating system

Animals

 * Buster (dog) (died 2009) a dog owned by Roy Hattersley, who wrote a book credited to Buster
 * Buster (spaniel) (2002–2015), a British military detection dog
 * Buster (died 2009), a dog owned by Paul O'Grady that regularly appeared on The Paul O'Grady Show

Other

 * Buster (1884 ship), Canadian barquentine
 * Buster Boyd Bridge, American bridge

title: Buster


text:
Saint-Jean County, Quebec

Saint-Jean County is an historical county in Quebec and is on the west bank of the Richelieu River about 40 km southeast of Montreal. The county was organized in 1854 from the counties of Huntingdon and Chambly. Its extent included the parishes of L'Acadie, Lacolle, St. Luc, St. Valentin, and St. Jean as well as the city and county seat of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. In the early 1980s when Quebec abolished its counties, most of Saint-Jean County was transferred to Le Haut-Richelieu Regional County Municipality and the southwestern corner was transferred to Les Jardins-de-Napierville Regional County Municipality.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Saint-Jean County, Quebec


text:
Tiger's eye

Tiger's eye (also called tiger eye) is a chatoyant gemstone that is usually a metamorphic rock with a golden to red-brown colour and a silky lustre. As members of the quartz group, tiger's eye and the related blue-coloured mineral hawk's eye gain their silky, lustrous appearance from the parallel intergrowth of quartz crystals and altered amphibole fibres that have mostly turned into limonite.

Other forms of tiger's eye
Tiger iron is an altered rock composed chiefly of tiger's eye, red jasper and black hematite. The undulating, contrasting bands of colour and lustre make for an attractive motif and it is mainly used for jewellery-making and ornamentation. Tiger iron is a popular ornamental material used in a variety of applications, from beads to knife hilts.

Tiger iron is mined primarily in South Africa and Western Australia. Tiger's eye is composed chiefly of silicon dioxide and is coloured mainly by iron oxide. The specific gravity ranges from 2.64 to 2.71. It is formed by the alteration of crocidolite.

Serpentine deposits in the US states of Arizona and California can have chatoyant bands of chrysotile, a form of asbestos, fibres. These have been cut and sold as "Arizona tiger-eye" and "California tiger's eye" gemstones. The trade name 'pietersite' is used for a fractured or brecciated chalcedony containing amphibole fibers and promoted as tiger's eye from Namibia and China.

Cultural associations
In some parts of the world, the stone is believed to ward off the evil eye.

Roman soldiers wore engraved tigers eye to protect them in battle.

Cut, treatment and imitation

Gems are usually given a cabochon cut to best display their chatoyance. Red stones are developed by gentle heat treatments. Dark stones are artificially lightened to improve colour using a nitric acid treatment.

Honey-coloured stones have been used to imitate the more valued cat's eye chrysoberyl, cymophane, but the overall effect is often unconvincing. Artificial fibre optic glass is a common imitation of tiger's eye, and is produced in a wide range of colours.

title: Tiger's eye


text:
1997 Canadian federal election

The 1997 Canadian federal election was held on June 2, 1997, to elect members to the House of Commons of the 36th Parliament of Canada. Prime Minister Jean Chrétien's Liberal Party won a second majority government. The Reform Party replaced the Bloc Québécois as the Official Opposition.

The election results closely followed the pattern of the 1993 election. The Liberals swept Ontario, while the Bloc won a majority in Quebec. Reform made sufficient gains in the West to allow Preston Manning to become leader of the Official Opposition, but lost its only seat east of Manitoba. The most significant change was major gains in Atlantic Canada by the New Democratic Party (NDP) and the rump Progressive Conservative Party. The Liberal victory was not in doubt, though some commentators on election night were predicting that the party would be cut down to a minority government and that Chrétien might lose his seat. Chrétien narrowly won his riding, and the Liberals maintained a nine-seat majority thanks to gains in Quebec at the expense of the Bloc. Jean Charest's Tories and Alexa McDonough's NDP both regained official party status in the House of Commons.

This was the first time that five political parties held official party status in a single session of Canada's Parliament, and the only time to date that five different parties have won the popular vote in at least one of the provinces and territories of Canada.

Background
Prime Minister Jean Chrétien announced his approved request by Governor General Roméo LeBlanc to dissolve Parliament on April 26, 1997, with an election to be held on June 2 of that year. Chrétien's election call came three years and five months into Parliament's life, short of both the maximum five year duration and the typical four years between elections. This represented the earliest election call in a majority Parliament since the 1911 election. Opinion polls at the time predicted that the Liberal Party was expected to win a landslide victory capturing at least 180 to 220 of the 301 seats in the House of Commons, with the fragmentation of the opposition meaning that one party was not expected to be able to defeat the government.

The election call was controversial both for being early and for occurring during Manitoba's recovery from the Red River Flood earlier in the year. Reg Alcock and several others inside the Liberal Party had opposed the timing of the vote, and the poor results prompted Paul Martin's supporters to organize against Chrétien.

The election was the first to be held with staggered polling hours across the country. Until 1993, polling hours were 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. in each time zone, with a 4.5-hour difference between closing of polls in Newfoundland and those in British Columbia and Yukon, or a three-hour difference between Quebec-Ontario and B.C.-Yukon. With the new staggered hours, it would be three hours between Newfoundland and B.C.-Yukon, but just 30 minutes between Quebec-Ontario and B.C.-Yukon.

Liberal Party
The Liberal Party under Jean Chrétien campaigned on promising to continue to cut the federal deficit to allow for a budget surplus, and then to spend one half of the surplus on repaying Canada's national debt and cutting taxes while the other half of the surplus would be used to increase funding to health care, assistance for Canadian children in poverty, and job creation. The platform was called Securing Our Future Together. The Liberal Party was attacked by the opposition parties for failing to keep many of the promises that the party campaigned on in the 1993 federal election. The Liberals attacked the Progressive Conservatives and the Reform Party for prematurely calling for tax cuts while a deficit still remained while attacking the New Democratic Party for proposing to increase government spending while Canada faced a deficit.

The Liberals suffered from a number of gaffes in their campaign. In one incident, when Jean Chrétien was questioned by reporters over the cost of the Liberals' election proposal of a national pharmacare program, reporters claimed that Chrétien was unsure of what the cost would be. Chrétien also turned down invitations for interviews by Canada's national media outlets, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and MuchMusic. In the televised debates between the five major political parties, Chrétien apologized to Canadians for his government having cut funding for social programs to reduce the deficit.

On election day, the Liberals won with a significantly reduced majority. While they lost much of their support in Atlantic Canada, they won all but two seats in Ontario and improved on their numbers in Quebec. They were only assured of a majority when the final numbers came in from Western Canada.

Reform Party
The Reform Party under Preston Manning campaigned on preserving national unity through decentralization of multiple federal government powers to all of the provinces, cutting taxes, reducing the size of government, reducing spending, and strongly opposing distinct society status for Quebec. Feeling that the general acceptance of deficit reduction at the federal and provincial level had been encouraged by their party, Reform saw a chance to finally make the party a national in scope by making political inroads outside of the west, particularly in Ontario. Their platform was titled the Fresh Start for all Canadians. The Reformers ran a full slate of candidates in Quebec, making this the first and last election in which it would run candidates in every region of Canada.

Reform's campaign ran into multiple problems. The party was repeatedly accused by other parties and the media of holding intolerant views due to comments made by a number of Reform MPs during the writ period. Critics had accused the party's performance during the 1993–1997 parliament of being disorganized. Tension between the party's democratic nature and the leader-centric model of modern campaigning led to Manning's leadership abilities being questioned by a number of former members, including Stephen Harper, who accused Manning of inappropriately using a Can$31,000 personal expense allowance as leader. Some Reform supporters were frustrated by the party's decision to expand its political base into Quebec, as they continued to believe that the party should represent English-speaking Canada, and others from the right-wing and populist faction of the party were angry that Manning punished MPs Bob Ringma and David Chatters for outbursts. During the campaign the Reform Party released a controversial television advertisement where the faces of four Quebecers, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe, Progressive Conservative leader Jean Charest, and Premier of Quebec Lucien Bouchard, were crossed out, followed by a message saying that Quebec politicians had dominated the federal government for too long and that the Reform Party would end this favoritism towards Quebec. The advertisement was harshly criticized by the other party leaders including accusations that Manning was "intolerant" and a "bigot" for having permitted the advertisement to be aired.

Reform began the campaign with Can$1.5 million in cash on hand, and had raised a total of Can$8 million. In contrast to the other parties, the vast majority of the money came from donations by individuals or small businesses.

The results for Reform were a generally considered a minor tactical success. The party won 60 seats to displace the Bloc as Official Opposition, largely by building on its already heavy concentration of support in Western Canada. Strategically, Reform failed to make inroads into eastern Canada and lost its one seat in Ontario, leaving it effectively perceived as a Western regional party, despite making their first significant inroads into rural Ontario.

Bloc Québécois
The Bloc Québécois, under the leadership of Gilles Duceppe, lost its position of Official Opposition, falling to third place. The party's founding leader, Lucien Bouchard, had resigned in the aftermath of the 1995 Quebec referendum in order to become Premier of Quebec. Bouchard had been replaced by Michel Gauthier, but a lack of direction and party infighting caused their poll numbers to plummet, leaving them in danger of being overhauled by both the Liberals and the resurgent Progressive Conservatives. Duceppe, who took over as leader after Gauthier resigned, nonetheless made progress by emphasizing the lack of possibility of constitutional reform. While the party only finished 1.2 percentage points ahead of the Liberals in the province's popular vote, a more efficiently-distributed vote (the Liberal vote was too concentrated in and around Montreal; elsewhere, they split the vote with the Progressive Conservatives) still allowed them capture a comfortable majority of 44 out of Quebec's 75 seats.

New Democratic Party
The New Democratic Party under the leadership of Alexa McDonough regained official party status that the party lost in the 1993 Canadian federal election. The party won the fourth largest share of total votes and won 21 seats. Notably, the party made a substantial showing in Atlantic Canada, a region where it had only elected three MPs in its entire history prior to the election.

Progressive Conservative Party
The Progressive Conservative Party under Jean Charest campaigned on securing national unity in Canada by recognizing Quebec as being a distinct society within Canada, along with the proposal of a "New Covenant" for Canadian confederation to be negotiated between the Federal and Provincial governments. The party's platform included the novelty of being publicly distributed on CD-ROM. Charest and the PCs benefited from rapidly rising in popularity amongst all language groups in Quebec, where voters were found to have preferred Charest over Gilles Duceppe, the leader of the Bloc Québécois.

The Progressive Conservatives faced multiple difficulties, as the party was not able to apply for federal financial assistance due to it not being an official party. The party's results in their previous bastion of Western Canada remained anemic, and the Reformers remained the dominant conservative political force in the west. Reform also made inroads into rural central and southern Ontario — traditionally the heartland of the Tories' provincial counterparts.

The Progressive Conservatives won the third largest number of the total votes and improved their situation in the House of Commons, regaining official party status after winning 20 seats. Despite finishing about half a point behind Reform in the nationwide popular vote, their only heavy concentrations of support were in Atlantic Canada and Quebec. Elsewhere, like in 1993, their support was too spread out to translate into victories in individual ridings. They only won one seat each in Ontario and Manitoba, and none west of Manitoba. The result, a disappointment for Charest, would lead to his resignation and eventual assumption of leadership of the Liberal Party of Quebec.

Green Party
Support for the Green Party of Canada was 79% higher than at the previous election, with its greatest success in British Columbia, where it received 2% of the vote. The Green Party remained almost entirely off the national media's radar. At 0.43% of the vote, and 1.64% of the vote in the ridings it contested, the Green Party remained a small but growing movement.

Results

! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Party ! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|Party Leader ! style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|Candidates ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="4"|Seats ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"|Popular vote
 * - style="background-color:#CCCCCC"
 * - style="background-color:#CCCCCC"
 * style="text-align:center;" |1993
 * style="text-align:center;" | Dissol.
 * style="text-align:center;" |Elected
 * style="text-align:center;" |% Change
 * style="text-align:center;" |#
 * style="text-align:center;" |%
 * style="text-align:center;" |Change

 * style="text-align:left;" | Jean Chrétien
 * style="text-align:right;" |301
 * style="text-align:right;" |177
 * style="text-align:right;" |174
 * style="text-align:right;" |155
 * style="text-align:right;" |-12.4%
 * style="text-align:right;" |4,994,277
 * style="text-align:right;" |38.46%
 * style="text-align:right;" |-2.78pp

 * style="text-align:left;" | Preston Manning
 * style="text-align:right;" |227
 * style="text-align:right;" |52
 * style="text-align:right;" |50
 * style="text-align:right;" |60
 * style="text-align:right;" |+15.4%
 * style="text-align:right;" |2,513,080
 * style="text-align:right;" |19.35%
 * style="text-align:right;" |+0.66pp

 * style="text-align:left;" | Gilles Duceppe
 * style="text-align:right;" |75
 * style="text-align:right;" |54
 * style="text-align:right;" |50
 * style="text-align:right;" |44
 * style="text-align:right;" |-18.5%
 * style="text-align:right;" |1,385,821
 * style="text-align:right;" |10.67%
 * style="text-align:right;" |-2.85pp

 * style="text-align:left;" | Alexa McDonough
 * style="text-align:right;" |301
 * style="text-align:right;" |9
 * style="text-align:right;" |9
 * style="text-align:right;" |21
 * style="text-align:right;" |+133.3%
 * style="text-align:right;" |1,434,509
 * style="text-align:right;" |11.05%
 * style="text-align:right;" |+4.17pp

 * style="text-align:left;" | Jean Charest
 * style="text-align:right;" |301
 * style="text-align:right;" |2
 * style="text-align:right;" |2
 * style="text-align:right;" |20
 * style="text-align:right;" |+900%
 * style="text-align:right;" |2,446,705
 * style="text-align:right;" |18.84%
 * style="text-align:right;" |+2.80pp

 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|Independent and No Affiliation
 * style="text-align:right;" |76
 * style="text-align:right;" |1
 * style="text-align:right;" |6
 * style="text-align:right;" |1
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |60,759
 * style="text-align:right;" |0.47%
 * style="text-align:right;" |-0.09pp

 * style="text-align:left;" | Joan Russow
 * style="text-align:right;" |79
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |55,583
 * style="text-align:right;" |0.43%
 * style="text-align:right;" |+0.18pp

 * style="text-align:left;" | Neil Paterson
 * style="text-align:right;" |136
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |37,085
 * style="text-align:right;" |0.29%
 * style="text-align:right;" |+x

 * style="text-align:left;" | Ron Gray
 * style="text-align:right;" |53
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |29,085
 * style="text-align:right;" |0.22%
 * style="text-align:right;" |+x

 * style="text-align:left;" | Paul T. Hellyer
 * style="text-align:right;" |58
 * style="text-align:right;" |*
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |*
 * style="text-align:right;" |17,502
 * style="text-align:right;" |0.13%
 * style="text-align:right;" |*

 * style="text-align:left;" | Hardial Bains
 * style="text-align:right;" |65
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |11,468
 * style="text-align:right;" |0.09%
 * style="text-align:right;" |+0.05pp

Notes:
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="4" |Vacant
 * style="text-align:right;" |4
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="5" |
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="3"|Total
 * style="text-align:right;" |1,672
 * style="text-align:right;" |295
 * style="text-align:right;" |295
 * style="text-align:right;" |301
 * style="text-align:right;" |+2.0%
 * style="text-align:right;" |12,985,874
 * style="text-align:right;" |100%
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="11" |Sources: http://www.elections.ca History of Federal Ridings since 1867
 * }
 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="11" |Sources: http://www.elections.ca History of Federal Ridings since 1867
 * }
 * }

* : Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.

x: Less than 0.005% of the popular vote

Results by province
Source: Elections Canada

10 closest ridings

 * 1) Sackville—Eastern Shore, NS: Peter Stoffer, NDP def. Ken Streatch, PC by 41 votes
 * 2) Bellechasse—Etchemins—Montmagny—L'Islet, QC: Gilbert Normand, Lib def. François Langlois, BQ by 47 votes
 * 3) Selkirk—Interlake, MB: Howard Hilstrom, Ref def. Jon Gerrard, Lib by 66 votes
 * 4) Cardigan, PE: Lawrence MacAulay, Lib def. Dan Hughes, PC by 99 votes
 * 5) Bonaventure—Gaspé—Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Pabok, QC: Yvan Bernier, BQ def. Patrick Gagnon, Lib by 179 votes
 * 6) Saskatoon—Humboldt, SK: Jim Pankiw, Ref def. Dennis Gruending, NDP by 220 votes
 * 7) Humber—St. Barbe—Baie Verte, NF: Gerry Byrne, Lib def. Art Bull, PC by 232 votes
 * 8) Chicoutimi, QC: André Harvey, PC def. Gilbert Fillion, BQ by 317 votes
 * 9) Frontenac—Mégantic, QC: Jean-Guy Chrétien, BQ def. Manon Lecours, Lib by 465 votes
 * 10) Simcoe—Grey, ON: Paul Bonwick, Lib def. Paul Shaw, Ref by 481 votes

title: 1997 Canadian federal election


text:
Talk:Midnight Express (film)

Cultural impact?
Anyone want to consider putting something in here about the cultural impact of the film, i.e. the Turks regard it as the worst catastrophe ever in Turkish-U.S. relations? 209.149.235.254 20:15, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)

I guess the impact of this film is that people view Turks as how they were potrayed in the movie and for the Turks they became very defensive and nationalist.I guess this film just added to the list of stereotypes and jokes of Turks

Could read better
While an interesting article, it doesn't really read like an encyclopedia entry. Would the person who wrote it, since it looks like a personal piece, like to alter this, or would they like it cleaned up by others?

In fact, may I suggest reverting to the 3rd July form, which still includes many of your points but very briefly, and working on the details you want to add here, on this 'talk' page, where people can advise how to shape it as an encyclopedia-style article? vv

 * Hi everybody. Feel free to alter the article. But do not simply erase it. In my opinion it is very good, it perfectly shows the difference between the movie and the book.

 * I would be going to edit it. Think it's a good article, still, arguments should be stated "Some say ..." or "Turkish argue ..." or "Critics say ...", but not "It's obvious that ...". Also would I cut some things like that passage stating that Hayes was a drug user. So what? So many people do, I wouldn't say they're all criminals... anyone strongly disagree? --JensLang 04:33, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

 * This article is very far from being acceptable in its current state. The book/movie comparisons don't need to be anywhere near so exhaustive, and the personal style (e.g. "No comments here" and "We see that") needs to go. Saforrest 06:31, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I do strongly disagree with the claim that all drug users are not criminals.--Damifb 14:37, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Copyvio
Did the WP contributor copy from http://www.tetedeturc.com/Midnight-express/intro-ME_anglais.htm#Le%20film or is it the converse? As the en.wp article cites the FR translation of a book, I'm afraid it has been plagiarized from there. Apokrif 21:26, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Evisceration of article
After cleaning up some of the more egregious Turkish rants on this page, the basic summary of the film has now even been taken down. Wikipedia is not an appropriate forum for discussing the substantive merits of the film; the article should contain, at most, a summary of the plot points, and a mention that the film is controversial in Turkey. (A discussion of the Greek colonels' attempt to annex Cyprus, for example, is totally beyond the appropriate scope of this article.) Unfortunately, certain members with axes to grind are making this difficult. I suspect that the article ought to be reduced to "Mostly Harmless" so that everyone is happy.

 * Yes, I have also noticed this. Thunderlippps (talk) 01:15, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

Valley of the wolves - Iraq
Valley of the Wolves Iraq is now sometimes presented as "return" for Midnight Express. Alex1011 07:53, 24 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Was/Is it? Out of curiosity, I would like to see a source for this.

 * By the way, a better word for return in this context is payback (in U.S. English, at least). --anon. 71.183.139.60 (talk) 23:58, 7 December 2013 (UTC)

Removed the following segment

 * In the movie insults are aimed at Turks as a people that do not occur in the book and which the screen writer Oliver Stone later apologized for. They reach a paroxysm when the Hayes character, learning of his life sentence, pronounces violent abuse on the country, shocking many Turks, but understandable in the context of the film.

Uh, have you read the book? Hayes spends much of it bashing the Turks as a whole, calling them animals, filthy, bestial, etc. It is not a positive portrayal and Hayes comes across as a racist, arrogant jackass.
 * Try spending years in a Turkish prison and see how you turn out!! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.149.236.86 (talk) 09:30, 3 January 2007 (UTC).
 * Have you?? (Tylose 18:12, 19 February 2007 (UTC))
 * More to the point, if you attempted to traffic drugs in order to go through that experience, how justified would you be in complaining about being arrested? That is the ultimate failure of the book and the movie; not so much racism, or even a silly, vague nationalism, as much as pure hypocrisy as its core motivation. Luis Dantas (talk) 08:49, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
 * More to the point is the hypocrisy that drugs made it into Turkey, and they arrest an American taking the drugs out of Turkey.  Marc S.  206.192.35.125 (talk) 18:10, 16 September 2015 (UTC)
 * I can't imagine a justification for complaining about one's arrest for such a crime when the accused is actually guilty (as you posit) and is not mistreated as he is taken into custody, but he could be justified in complaining about the length or conditions of his pre-conviction confinement or his imprisonment. Let the punishment fit the crime, as the saying goes. In addition, I suppose those who say cannabis should be legal would say he should not be arrested at all, but that's not germane to this particular discussion (which has turned into a discussion about this article's subject and not the article itself, by the way). --anon. 71.183.139.60 (talk) 00:22, 8 December 2013 (UTC)

Suggestion of arrangement
Interviews, errors etc. could all be merged into a single "Criticisms" title. (Tylose 16:36, 19 February 2007 (UTC))

Whitelisting
In early March, Outrate.net was blacklisted for adding too many links to Wikipedia, which represented a COI according to Wikipedia policies. But this has meant that a number of valid Outrate.net links were automatically removed.

Our lengthy interview with Billy Hayes (Aug 05) was removed from the Interviews and External Links section of your Billy Hayes page. The deep link to the interview is here: outrate.net/billyhayes.html

I believe you are able to replace this link, if you would like to. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 125.253.33.127 (talk) 23:36, 26 April 2007 (UTC).

Category added
As the introduction to the description properly mentions the movie unnecessarily portrayed Turks in negative picture, and this even came under criticism of Bill Hayes himself. So the new category was added to the movie as it did indeed incite anti-Turkish sentiments. Atabek 23:40, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

Firecom
I deleted some headlines in the article, due to turkish vandalism/ propoganda. This is a page for the midnight express movie -not your own personal views. Exmpl: See the Midnight Express (Book) page's Discussion board. That page have been vandalized by a turkish user. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Firecom (talk • contribs)

 * Firecom, they are not the Turkish view, they are the author's, director's, producer's views. Please do not arbitrarily accuse people of vandalism. There is one thing true though, removing sourced, relevant content is usually considered vandalism. Please refrain from doing so. Please also read the talk header above. Also, when you make reverts, please mention that. That's a good practise. If you want to revert an edit, you don't need to redo the edits, just use the 'undo' link, it will be time saving, and won't clutter the history page. If you need help, you can ask me, I am not an old editor, but I might be helpful. Since I am on vacation now, I might not be able to respond your queries swiftly though, sorry about that. DenizTC 17:24, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Deniz, why is 'someone' deleting my writing under the headline 'filming location'. The turkish government did not give license to film the movie in Turkey. That's the true!
 * -Have a nice holiday, in Turkey! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Firecom (talk • contribs)

 * Firecom, do you have sources that prove that the crew asked to use locations in Turkey and got rejected. Anyway, please do not remove relevant information any more. Also regarding your comments below, yes the youtube links are relevant because the review is about the movie. Unfortunately these are not the only things that you removed. You are behaving like a single purpose editor, please stop doing that, that is not a good start. Last thing, if you want to sign your comments, you can type 4 tildas (~ ~ ~ ~, no blank spaces). DenizTC 19:10, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Firecom 23:46, 14 June 2007 (UTC)Okay then. Why do you delete the lines i wrote, about the movie review, from Channel 4 UK? Also, the review's are not OBJECTIVE. Do you really understand, what that line means? OBJECTIVE. Sorry to say, not a thing you explore in Turkey, after my POV.

Deleted headlines
I deleted some external links, they are not relevant for the movie (youtube links). I also deleted the 'Review' section. It's not very objective.

Billy Hayes interviewed. Isn't that a headline in Billy Hayes Biography -not the movie?

Squam 07:14, 11 September 2007 (UTC) I kindly disagree. The interview is about the movie. I put the link back as a reference.

Fair use rationale for Image:Midnight express.jpg
Image:Midnight express.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 06:53, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

Lead of article
Oliver Stone's apology definitely belongs in the article, but I question whether it belongs in the lead. Stetsonharry (talk) 14:52, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Anti-Midnight Express
This article is currently full of quotes, links and a tone slamming this film as anti-turkish. I never noticed any turkish hate in this film. It is a frightening film about being locked up in a third world foreign prison. But I still dont see it as racist even after reading this article and looking for it. This is a really great, really shocking movie who's quality as withstood the test of time and is still considered a great movie by many people. Its also some of Oliver Stone's and Alan Parker's best work IMO. And judging from random reviews available anywhere on the internet, I would assume in the opinion of many others also. But the tone of this article frames the movie like it was some kind of shameful, racist catastrophe. Thats extremely POV by who ever is doing it. Thunderlippps (talk) 01:11, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

 * you may not notice any Anti-Turkish tone. but it is a movie highly Anti-Turkish film. it's even an example of it. the Anti-Turkish sentiment is referenced to reputed sources. Even Oliver Stone apologized for it's Anti-Turkish agenda. Thus, it's not POV. it's a universally acknowledged fact. it should stay as it is. please don't blank well sourced material. --Polysynaptic (talk) 17:27, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Racism is difficult to notice when one lacks contact with the culture being disfavored. It doesn't help that we are in a time of renewed nationalism.  Although, to be fair, I guess the movie could only stray so far from the book that sources it, and which apparently takes refuge into a nationalist-racist mindset to flee from the obvious hypocrisy of complaining from being arrested for drug traffic and being surprised for a lack of leniency. Luis Dantas (talk) 08:46, 28 November 2011 (UTC)

 * In addition, I think what some people tend to forget is that articles on Wikipedia do not have to agree with what they themselves think about the topic, nor do articles have to exclude all viewpoints that are not widely agreed upon by the general pubic. For example, if some prominent people viewed this movie as racist, that is perfectly fine to include. It is not ok to simply say "this film is racist", but it is ok (and some might argue, important) to say things like "so and so wrote a paper about how he perceived parts of this movie as having racist undertones, for the reasons x, y and z". Opinions are fine to include in Wikipedia articles, particularly articles about books/movies/etc, as long as they are properly sourced and properly attributed - see WP:RSOPINION. Neutrality is important, but there is no good reason not to discuss reviews and controversies surrounding a film, as long as opinions are stated as such.
 * However, I don't think responses such as Polysynaptic's are helpful: it is (obviously) not a "a universally acknowledged fact" that this film is "Anti-Turkish", or we wouldn't even be having this discussion. Opinion itself is not fact - what is a fact is that someone had a given opinion. I have not gone through the article's history and checked exactly what the article looked like back when Thunderlippps posted his/her complaint, but if he/she was complaining about the article being written in POV style, with statements similar to, "Midnight Express is a racist anti-Turkish film," then that is a legitimate complaint. If, on the other hand, someone is/was upset by inclusion of properly-attributed critisicm of the film, along the lines of "Midnight Express has been widely criticized by scholars, reviewers and even the film-makers themselves for it's portrayal of the Turks in the film", it is inappropriate to remove such sentences from the article - it is not POV to say that someone said something. An article may be regarded as POV if reliable sources contain contradicting viewpoints on a topic but only one viewpoint is covered in the article. What one should do in such cases is add the missing viewpoint, not remove all viewpoints. If someone notable (such as a relevant expert, a well-known movie reviewer, someone involved with the film, etc) has made statements that they feel the film was not anti-Turkish and why, then by all means edit the article to include that.
 * When talking about issues such as this, it is much more helpful to bring up pertinent Wikipedia policy as opposed to just arguing one's own opinion about whether or not the film was racist. It doesn't get us anywhere and does nothing to prove why specific statements should or shouldn't be included in an article. Sorry my explanation was so long :-) --MsBatfish (talk) 03:28, 29 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm surprised there isn't much mention that the Turkish people in the film are all prisoners and guards, surely at some point there were people pointing this context out. Since when is prison representative of an entire Nations people and culture? Czarnibog (talk) 10:22, 8 February 2024 (UTC)

Blanking
some users are blanking the article in a specific way to hide obvious anti-Turkish sentiment in the film.

anti-Turkish sentiment in this film is justified through references to respectful sources. MGM's and Kirk Kerkorian's moves are historically critical and thus required to make the article complete. please don't blank the article.

Midnight Express is not "just a movie". it produced a cultural impact. the social, cultural and political aspects of the issue should be there in the article. Polysynaptic (talk) 01:28, 1 June 2010 (UTC)

 * See my comments on this matter above (in the previous section). I know it this was posted some time ago, but in case the issue comes up again I felt it was relevant, (also someone else posted a recent reply). Thanks. --MsBatfish (talk) 03:31, 29 November 2011 (UTC)

The Flotilla murders by Israel and heavy airing of this film
Straight away following the murder of many Turkish nationals by Israel, this film has all of a sudden been aired on many European television stations and has been made available on digital downloads such as on Virgin on demand and re-appeared on shop shelfs as a dvd, perhaps to give turkish people a bad image. How can this be added to the article? This move is similar to the western media airing anti-arab films such as true lies 3 weeks prior to the invasion of Iraq. --94.195.194.144 (talk) 06:10, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

 * This question was posted last year, but in case anyone is still interested in including that info: I don't see why it couldn't be included provided there are published sources stating that that happened, for example was there, say, a newspaper article discussing the increase in the film's presence immediately after the murder of the Turkish nationals? If not, and you just noticed this on your own, I would be very careful about if and how you present it in the article and make sure that you have proof, (for example sources that show that the movie was aired, say, 10 times a month after this happened and only once every 2 months beforehand), and do not include any of your own conclusions about the reason why this was done. --MsBatfish (talk) 03:40, 29 November 2011 (UTC)

The Danny Boyle connection
At the end of this article are lists of "Films directed by Alan Parker" and "Films by Oliver Stone" both of which I accept as valid. Yet there is also a template for "Films directed by Danny Boyle" even though there is no mention of him anywhere else in the article and he appears to have no connection to this film. Am I missing something? MikeEagling (talk) 01:12, 14 February 2012 (UTC)

Underlying reason: Cyprus War. Should we include?
Both in the beginning and in the end of the movie we can hear a recording of some kind. A woman talks about Cyprus War in Turkish. Considering this is a British movie, which was, infact still is the guarantor of christian population in the island. It raises the question: maybe only or primary driving force of creating this movie was Cyprus War. Well, actually, for many Turk, this was the only reason. Considering movie was released in 1978, just after Cyprus War, this couldn't be anything else. Nonetheless, I feel like we should be including this information to the article. It will provide a different perspective to reader. Although haven't really researched this thought thoroughly. I have to leave this to you. Have a nice day. --Bluetogreens (talk) 03:30, 13 December 2014 (UTC)

A claim such as this
needs to be referenced, so I have removed it until such time as it is. No blogs please. :" Giorgio Moroder used the six notes corresponding to "now you say you love me" from the song "Cry Me a River" to create part of the soundtrack ." Carptrash (talk) 17:39, 10 May 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Plot Description
Can someone explain why the plot section says that when Billy pointed out the cabbie to the cops it was apparent that they werent going to keep up their end of the deal and so that's why he ran? I never got that impression and the scene doesn't make that clear at all. I just saw it as his using that time they were distracted talkng to the cabbie as a chance for him to escape. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.55.181.5 (talk) 07:47, 7 February 2018 (UTC)

 * I've also deleted the bits saying that he had been raped, there was nothing in the movie to imply that. The chief guard "only" beat him that first nigth, and he definitely didn't reject Erich's advances. 2A04:241A:AA01:9E80:65D4:63D1:14F9:C3D9 (talk) 01:37, 10 February 2023 (UTC)

Another item for the legacy section
In The Simpsons Season 3 Episode 6 Treehouse of Horror II, Homer is searched before bording his airplane from Morocco to Springfield and discovered to be smuggling various tchotchkes taped to his body in a similar manner as Billy did the blocks of hashish. Held at gunpoint by the customs guards just like in the film, he is fined $2 US and then the episode continues uninterrupted. Deliusfan (talk) 00:33, 30 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Midnight Express (film)


text:
Helmetshrike

Helmetshrikes are a family uniting some smallish to mid-sized songbird species. They were included with the true shrikes in the family Laniidae, later on split between several presumably closely related groups such as bushshrikes (Malaconotidae) and cuckooshrikes (Campephagidae), but are now considered sufficiently distinctive to be separated from that group into the family Vangidae.

Description and ecology
This is an African group of species which are found in scrub or open woodland. They are similar in feeding habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush or tree.

Although similar in build to the shrikes, these tend to be colourful species with the distinctive crests or other head ornaments, such as wattles, from which they get their name.

Helmetshrikes are noisy and sociable birds, some of which breed in loose colonies. They lay 2–4 eggs in neat, well-hidden nests.

Systematics
As the relationships of the shrike-like birds are increasingly disentangled, the helmetshrikes appear to form an evolutionary radiation with the Vangidae.

 * Genus Prionops – typical helmetshrikes
 * White-crested helmetshrike, Prionops plumatus
 * Grey-crested helmetshrike, Prionops poliolophus
 * Yellow-crested helmetshrike, Prionops alberti
 * Red-billed helmetshrike, Prionops caniceps
 * Rufous-bellied helmetshrike, Prionops rufiventris
 * Retz's helmetshrike, Prionops retzii
 * Gabela helmetshrike, Prionops gabela
 * Chestnut-fronted helmetshrike, Prionops scopifrons

title: Helmetshrike


text:
Progressive Conservative

Progressive Conservative may refer to an advocate of progressive conservatism.

Progressive Conservative may also refer to:

Canada

 * Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, a former Canadian federal party; a successor of the original Conservative Party of Canada and a predecessor of the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada
 * Progressive-Conservative (candidate), who supported both Progressive Party and Conservative Party

Provincial
Current Defunct
 * Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba
 * Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick
 * Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
 * Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
 * Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario
 * Progressive Conservative Party of Prince Edward Island
 * Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan
 * Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta, a predecessor of the United Conservative Party of Alberta
 * BC Progressive Conservative Party, name used by the Conservative Party of British Columbia from 1942 to 1991
 * Progressive Conservative Party of Quebec, a failed attempt at a provincial wing that never gained support from the federal party
 * Yukon Progressive Conservative Party, a predecessor of the Yukon Party

Politics

 * Centre-right politics
 * Red Tory, is an adherent of a centre-right or paternalistic-conservative political philosophy derived from the Tory tradition, predominantly in Canada, but also in the United Kingdom

Politicians

 * Nick Boles, a current self-subscribed 'Independent Progressive Conservative' British MP after his departure of his former party, the Conservative Party of the United Kingdom since April 1

title: Progressive Conservative


text:
Lloyd Bridges

Lloyd Vernet Bridges Jr. (January 15, 1913 – March 10, 1998) was an American film, stage and television actor who starred in a number of television series and appeared in more than 150 feature films. He was the father of four children, including the actors Beau Bridges and Jeff Bridges. He started his career as a contract performer for Columbia Pictures, appearing in films such as Sahara (1943), A Walk in the Sun (1945), Little Big Horn (1951) and High Noon (1952). On television, he starred in Sea Hunt 1958 to 1961. By the end of his career, he had re-invented himself and demonstrated a comedic talent in such parody films as Airplane! (1980), Hot Shots! (1991), and Jane Austen's Mafia! (1998). Among other honors, Bridges was a two-time Emmy Award nominee. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 1, 1994.

Early life
Bridges was born in San Leandro, California, to Harriet Evelyn (Brown) Bridges (1893–1950) and Lloyd Vernet Bridges (1887–1962), who was involved in the California hotel business and once owned a movie theater. His parents were both from Kansas. Bridges graduated from Petaluma High School in 1930. He then studied political science at UCLA, where he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.

Career
Bridges had small uncredited roles in the films Freshman Love (1936) and Dancing Feet (1936).

Theatre
Bridges made his Broadway debut in 1937 in a short-lived production of Shakespeare's Othello, starring Walter Huston and Brian Aherne; Bridges was in the Ensemble.

He appeared on stage in Suzanna and the Elders (1940). In Hollywood he had an uncredited role in Northwest Passage (1940).

Columbia Pictures and U.S. Coast Guard
In 1940, Bridges joined the stock company at Columbia Pictures at $75 a week, where he played small roles in features and short subjects.

He could be seen in The Lone Wolf Takes a Chance (1941), They Dare Not Love (1941), Doctor's Alibi (1941), Blue Clay (1941), Our Wife (1941), and I Was a Prisoner on Devil's Island (1941). In Here Comes Mr. Jordan (1941) Bridges is the pilot of the plane in the "heaven" scene.

Bridges later reflected,

"I didn't have enough maturity for a leading man. I looked too broad in the shoulders ... too much like a kid. I never could get into (Columbia studio boss) Harry Cohn's office. All the best roles went to Glenn Ford and William Holden. They just put me in these awful B-pictures, like Two Latins from Manhattan. I even did a Three Stooges short. Sometimes I'd be in two or three movies a week. It was tough sledding." He left Columbia Pictures during World War II to enlist in the United States Coast Guard. Following his discharge, he returned to acting. In later years, he was a member of the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, did several public service announcements for the organization, and was made an honorary commodore. Bridges' Sea Hunt character Mike Nelson was also portrayed as a member of the Coast Guard Auxiliary and sometimes appeared in uniform. Bridges' sons, actors Beau and Jeff, also served in the Coast Guard and Coast Guard Reserve.

Post-war career
Bridges' first lead role was in the serial Secret Agent X-9 (1945) made for Universal. That studio kept him on for Strange Confession (1945), an Inner Sanctum mystery.

Bridges had some support roles in independent films, A Walk in the Sun (1945), and Abilene Town (1946). He was in Paramount's Miss Susie Slagle's (1946) and Walter Wanger's Canyon Passage (1947). In 1947 he appeared in a small role in Cecil B. DeMille's film Unconquered.

Leading man
He returned to lead roles with Secret Service Investigator (1948) at Republic Pictures, and 16 Fathoms Deep (1948) for Monogram Pictures. Bridges had a support role in Frank Borzage's Moonrise (1948) then was the lead in Hideout (1949) for Republic.

Bridges was in a Western at Universal directed by George Sherman, Red Canyon (1949), and a short at MGM, Mr. Whitney Had a Notion (1949). He had a good role in Home of the Brave (1949). At Universal he was Howard Duff's friend in Calamity Jane and Sam Bass (1949), again for Sherman.

Bridges had the star role in Trapped (1949) directed by Richard Fleischer for Eagle Lion and Rocketship X-M (1950) for Lippert Pictures. He had supporting roles in Colt .45 (1951), The White Tower (1951), and The Sound of Fury (1950) (directed by Cy Endfield).

Blacklisting
Bridges was blacklisted briefly in the 1950s after he admitted to the House Un-American Activities Committee that he had once been a member of the Actors' Laboratory Theatre, a group found to have had links to the Communist Party USA. He returned to acting after recanting his membership and serving as a cooperative witness, achieving his greatest success in television.

Bridges made his TV debut in 1951 with "Man's First Debt" in The Bigelow Theatre. He had starring roles in the films The Fighting Seventh (1951), Three Steps North (1951), and Richer Than the Earth (1951).

On TV he did "Rise Up and Walk" for Robert Montgomery Presents (1952) and "International Incident" for Studio One in Hollywood (1952) (the latter directed by Franklin J. Schaffner). Bridges had a supporting role in High Noon (1952).

Bridges guest starred on Suspense ("Her Last Adventure") and Schlitz Playhouse ("This Plane for Hire"), and had support roles in Plymouth Adventure (1952) and The Sabre and the Arrow (1953). Bridges returned to leads in The Tall Texan (1953) for Lippert Pictures.

Bridges was in "The Long Way Home" for Goodyear Playhouse (1953), and appeared in The Kid from Left Field (1953) and City of Bad Men (1953) for Fox. He travelled to the UK to star in The Limping Man (1953) for Cy Endfield. He returned to Broadway in Dead Pigeon (1953–54), which had a short run.

He had the lead in a horse movie, Prince of the Blue Grass (1954) and returned to England to make Third Party Risk (1954) for Hammer Films.

In Hollywood Bridges supported Joel McCrea in Wichita (1955) and had the lead in Roger Corman's low-budget Apache Woman (1955).

Television
On TV Bridges performed in "Broadway Trust" for Crossroads (1955), "The Dark Fleece" and "Edge of Terror" for Climax! (1955) (the latter directed by John Frankenheimer), "The Ainsley Case" for Front Row Center (1956), "Across the Dust" and "Prairie Dog Court" for Chevron Hall of Stars (1956), and "The Silent Gun" and "American Primitive" for Studio One in Hollywood (1956). He had the lead in the low budget Wetbacks (1956) and a support role in The Rainmaker (1956).

Bridges gained attention in 1956 for his emotional performance on the live anthology program The Alcoa Hour, in an episode titled "Tragedy in a Temporary Town" written by Reginald Rose and directed by Sidney Lumet. During the performance, Bridges inadvertently used profanity while ad-libbing. Although the slip of the tongue generated hundreds of complaints, the episode won a Robert E. Sherwood Television Award, with Bridges' slip being defended even by some members of the clergy. Bridges received an Emmy Award nomination for the role.

Bridges did "The Regulators" for Studio 57 (1956), "They Never Forget" for The United States Steel Hour (1957), "Ride the Wild Mare" for The Alcoa Hour (1957), "Man on the Outside" for Studio 57 (1957), "The Sound of Silence", "Figures in Clay" and "The Disappearance of Amanda Hale" for Climax!, "Heritage of Anger" (1956) and "Clash by Night" (1957) for Playhouse 90, the latter with Kim Stanley. Bridges also made several episodes of Zane Grey Theatre including "Time of Decision" (1957) and "Wire" (1958).

He supported Rory Calhoun in Ride Out for Revenge (1957) and did "A Time to Cry" on The Frank Sinatra Show (1958) and had one of his best ever cinema roles in The Goddess (1958) based on a script by Paddy Chayefsky based on the life of Marilyn Monroe; Bridges played a sportsman based on Joe di Maggio opposite Kim Stanley. He directed "Piano to Thunder Springs" for Target (1958).

Sea Hunt (1958–1961)
Bridges gained wide recognition as Mike Nelson, the main character in the television series Sea Hunt, created by Ivan Tors, which ran in syndication from 1958 to 1961. He also wrote a book with a co-author about skin-diving entitled Mask and Flippers.

Bridges did "Lepke" (1959) for Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse (1960), "Ransom" (1960) (directed by Budd Boetticher) and "Image of a Drawn Sword" (1961) for Zane Grey Theatre. He did a TV movie The Valley of Decision (1960), "Death of the Temple Bay" for The DuPont Show with June Allyson (1961), "Who Killed Julie Greer?" (1961) for The Dick Powell Theatre, "The Fortress" (1961) for Alcoa Premiere (with Fred Astaire), and "The Two of Us" (1962) for Checkmate. He also did a special Marineland Carnival (1962).

The Lloyd Bridges Show (1962–1963)
Bridges starred in the eponymous CBS anthology series The Lloyd Bridges Show (1962–1963) (produced by Aaron Spelling) which included appearances by his sons Beau and Jeff.

Bridges followed it with "A Hero for Our Times" for Kraft Suspense Theatre (1963), "Wild Bill Hickok – the Legend and the Man" for The Great Adventure (1964), "Cannibal Plants, They Eat You Alive" for The Eleventh Hour (1964) and "Exit from a Plane in Flight" for Theater of Stars (1965).

The Loner

Producer Gene Roddenberry, who worked with Bridges on Sea Hunt, reportedly offered Bridges the role of Captain Kirk on Star Trek before the part went to William Shatner. In addition, he was a regular cast member in the Rod Serling western series The Loner, which lasted one season from 1965 to 1966, canceled due to ratings, despite solid reviews and several scripts by Rod Serling, over the show being too “adult” and realistic.

Bridges returned to features with Around the World Under the Sea (1966). He guest starred in "Fakeout" for Mission Impossible (1966), and did a TV movie A Case of Libel (1968).

Bridges starred in some action films, Daring Game (1968) and Attack on the Iron Coast (1968), the latter for Ivan Tors. He did "The People Next Door" for CBS Playhouse (1968).

Bridges starred in some TV movies, The Silent Gun (1969), and Silent Night, Lonely Night (1969). He had a support role in The Happy Ending (1969) directed by Richard Brooks.

Bridges returned to Broadway as a replacement for the lead in Cactus Flower (1967).

Telemovies
Bridges was in heavy demand for TV movies such as The Love War (1970), Lost Flight (1970), Do You Take This Stranger? (1971), A Tattered Web (1971), and The Deadly Dream (1971). He starred in a short lived series San Francisco International Airport (1970/71) and had a support role in a feature, To Find a Man (1972).

Bridges had a (then) rare comedy role on Here's Lucy with "Lucy's Big Break" (1972). He continued in TV movies: Haunts of the Very Rich (1972), Trouble Comes to Town (1973), Crime Club (1973), Running Wild (1973), Death Race (1973), The Whirlwind (1974, with son Beau), and Stowaway to the Moon (1975).

Joe Forrester
Bridges starred in a short-lived Police Story spin-off Joe Forrester (1975–76).

Bridges played significant roles in several mini-series, including Roots, and How the West Was Won. He returned to TV movies: The Force of Evil (1978), Telethon (1978), The Great Wallendas (1978) and The Critical List (1978).

Bridges had a guest part in "The Living Legend" for Battlestar Galactica (1978) and went to Australia to make Shimmering Light (1978) with Beau. He had a support part in The Fifth Musketeer (1979) starring Beau and was in Disaster on the Coastliner (1979), Bear Island (1979) and This Year's Blonde (1980) (as Johnny Hyde)

Airplane!
Bridges had his biggest film hit in a long time in Airplane! (1980), a spoof of disaster films. He appeared in a number of mini series such as East of Eden (1981), The Blue and the Gray (1982) and George Washington (1984). He guest starred on shows such as The Love Boat (1981), Loving (1983), and Matt Houston (1983) and continued to make TV movies like Life of the Party: The Story of Beatrice (1982), Grace Kelly (1983) and Grandpa, Will You Run with Me? (1983).

Bridges reprised his Airplane! role in Airplane II: The Sequel (1982)

Bridges starred in a short-lived series Paper Dolls (1984). For TV he appeared in Alice in Wonderland (1985), Dress Gray (1986), and North and South, Book II (1986).

He was in Weekend Warriors (1986), The Thanksgiving Promise (1986) for Disney, and The Wild Pair (1987) starring and directed by Beau. Bridges appeared with Jeff in Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1987) and was in She Was Marked for Murder (1988), for TV.

Bridges had notable supporting roles in the features Winter People (1989) and Cousins (1989). He was in the TV movie Cross of Fire (1989).

1990s
Bridges starred in a short-lived series, Capital News (1990), for ABC. In 1990, he had a supporting role in Joe Versus the Volcano, and portrayed Harry Helmsley in the made-for-television movie, Leona Helmsley: The Queen of Mean.

Bridges was in Shining Time Station: 'Tis a Gift (1990) then reprised his comedy career with a supporting role in Hot Shots! (1991). He starred in a TV movie In the Nick of Time (1992) and was in Honey, I Blew Up the Kid (1992), Devlin (1992), and Mr. Bluesman (1993) before reprising his old role in Hot Shots! Part Deux (1993).

Bridges did Secret Sins of the Father (1994) with son Beau (who directed), and Cinderella ... Frozen in Time (1994). His last regular TV series was Harts of the West (1993–1994).

Bridges supported son Jeff in a big budget action film Blown Away (1994). He did "Sandkings" (1995) for The Outer Limits (1995) with Beau, The Other Woman (1995), Nothing Lasts Forever (1995), and The Deliverance of Elaine (1996) and did voice work on Peter and the Wolf (1995). He had a semi-regular part on Second Noah (1996).

He received a second Emmy Award nomination four decades after the first when he was nominated in 1998 for his role as Izzy Mandelbaum on Seinfeld.

Bridges served on the advisory board of the Los Angeles Student Film Institute.

Bridges also guest starred on Ned and Stacey.

Bridges' last roles were in Mafia! (1998) and Meeting Daddy (2000).

Personal life
Bridges met his wife, Dorothy Bridges (1915-2009), (née Simpson), in his fraternity; they married in 1938 in New York City. They had four children: actors Beau Bridges (born in 1941) and Jeff Bridges (born in 1949); a daughter, Lucinda Louise Bridges (born in October 1953); and another son, Garrett Myles Bridges, who died of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome on August 3, 1948. Actor Jordan Bridges is Beau's son and Lloyd's grandson. Dorothy and Lloyd exchanged vows again for their 50th wedding anniversary.

Death
On March 10, 1998, Bridges died of natural causes at the age of 85.

Tributes
An episode ("The Burning") in the final Seinfeld season (1998) was dedicated to the memory of Lloyd Bridges. He had played the character of Izzy Mandelbaum in the episodes "The English Patient" in 1997 and "The Blood" later the same year.

Bridges' last film, Jane Austen's Mafia!, which came out the year of his death, bears a dedication to him.

In 2011, Bridges was posthumously named as one of six recipients that year – two of whom are his sons Beau and Jeff – of the Lone Sailor Award, which honors former Coast Guard servicemen who forged successful careers as civilians.

Television work

 * Suspense co-star with Arlene Francis in "Her Last Adventure" (August 19, 1952) as James
 * Jukebox Jury (1953)
 * Crossroads in "Broadway Trust" with James Dean (November 11, 1955) as Fred
 * Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre in Image of a Drawn Sword (1961) as Lt. Sam Kenyon
 * Sea Hunt (1958–1961) as Mike Nelson / Whitey Fender
 * Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre (1960) as Dundee, Season 5, Episode 6 – Ransom
 * The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford (January 8, 1959) as Captain Anderson
 * The DuPont Show with June Allyson as Captain Anderson in "Death on the Temple Bay", BSD series finale (1961) as Captain Anderson
 * The Lloyd Bridges Show (1962–1963) as Adam Shepherd / Sen. Guthrie / Jonathan Tatum / Various characters
 * The Eleventh Hour with son Beau, "Cannibal Plants, They Eat You Alive" (1964) as Leonard McCarty
 * Kraft Suspense Theatre (1963) as Mason Etheridge
 * The Loner (1965–1966) as William Colton
 * Mission: Impossible (1966) as Anastas Poltroni
 * A Case of Libel (1968) as Dennis Corcoran
 * Lost Flight (1969)
 * The Silent Gun (1969) as Brad Clinton
 * Silent Night, Lonely Night (1969) as John Sparrow
 * The Love War (1970) as Kyle
 * San Francisco International Airport (1970–1971) as Jim Conrad
 * Do You Take This Stranger? (1971) as Steven Breck
 * A Tattered Web (1971) as Sgt. Ed Stagg
 * The Deadly Dream (1971) as Dr. Jim Hanley
 * Water World (1972–1975) as Narrator
 * Haunts of the Very Rich (1972) as Dave Woodrough
 * Trouble Comes to Town (1973) as Sheriff Porter Murdock
 * Crime Club (1973) as Paul Cord
 * Death Race (1973) as Hans Pimler
 * Benjamin Franklin (1974) (miniseries)
 * The Whirlwind (1974)
 * Police Story (1974–75) as Joe Forrester / Sgt. Wolf Bozeman
 * Stowaway to the Moon (1975) as Charlie Englehardt
 * Cop on the Beat (1975)
 * Joe Forrester (1975–76) as Joe Forrester
 * Quinn Martin's Tales of the Unexpected (1977 TV series) episode "The Force of Evil" (Dr. Carrington)
 * Roots (1977) (miniseries)
 * Telethon (1977) as Matt Tallman
 * How the West Was Won (1978) (miniseries) as Orville Gant
 * The Great Wallendas (1978) as Karl Wallenda
 * Shimmering Light (1978) as Sean Pearse
 * GI Diary (1978) as Narrator (voice)
 * Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series) as Commander Cain
 * Disaster on the Coastliner (1979) as Al Mitchell
 * East of Eden (1981 miniseries) as Samuel Hamilton
 * The Blue and the Gray (1982 miniseries) as Ben Geyser
 * Grace Kelly (1983) as Jack Kelly
 * Loving (1983 TV movie pilot) as Jack Forbes
 * Paper Dolls (1984) as Grant Harper
 * George Washington (1984) (miniseries) as Caleb Quinn
 * Alice in Wonderland (1985 miniseries) as White Knight
 * North and South (1986) (miniseries) as Confederate President Jefferson Davis
 * Dress Gray (1986) (miniseries) as Gen. Axel Rylander
 * Shining Time Station: 'Tis a Gift (PBS TV Special) as Mr. Nicholas
 * Capital News (1990) as Jo Jo Turner
 * Leona Helmsley: The Queen of Mean (1990) as Harry Helmsley
 * In The Nick Of Time (1991 Christmas Movie) as Santa Claus
 * Harts of the West (1993–1994) as Jake Terrel
 * The Other Woman as Jacob
 * The Outer Limits – "The Sandkings" (March 26, 1995) as Col. Kress (appeared with son Beau and grandson Dylan)
 * Seinfeld as Izzy Mandelbaum
 * Season 8 episode The English Patient (March 13, 1997)
 * Season 9 episode The Blood (October 16, 1997)

title: Lloyd Bridges


text:
Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu

Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu is a city in eastern Montérégie in the Canadian province of Quebec, about 40 km southeast of Montreal, located roughly halfway between Montreal and the Canada–United States border with the state of Vermont. It is situated on both the west and east banks of the Richelieu River at the northernmost navigable point of Lake Champlain. As of December 2019, the population of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu was 98,036.

History
Historically, the city has been an important transportation hub. The first railway line in British North America connected it with La Prairie in 1836. It also hosts the annual International Balloon Festival of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, a hot air balloon festival which attracts thousands of tourists who come to see the hundreds of balloons in the sky each August.

The Chambly Canal extends 20 km north along the west bank of the river and provides modern freight passage to Chambly and the St. Lawrence River. The canal has one lock near the downtown core of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. In the winter, the city builds a skating rink on the canal near the lock. In the summer, the embankment on the east side of the canal has a 20 km cycling path. The French built Fort Saint-Jean in the seventeenth century. Known to early English settlers as St. Johns, it provided an important communication link during the French and Indian Wars. During the American Revolutionary War control of the town changed hands several times as British and American forces moved through the area.

In 2001 the city and several adjoining communities were merged into the new regional county municipality with a population to 79,600. This merger was requested by the five municipalities involved and was not part of the municipal fusions imposed by the Quebec government the following year.

Geography
Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu is located on the banks of the Richelieu River. The city is the seat of Le Haut-Richelieu regional county municipality and of the judicial district of Iberville.

Neighbourhoods
The city is divided in five sectors which refer to the former municipalities. Each sector contains different neighbourhoods:

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu had a population of $97,873$ living in $42,913$ of its $44,255$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $95,114$. With a land area of 226.93 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

The amalgamated municipalities (with 2001 population) were:
 * Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu (37,386)
 * Saint-Luc (20,573)
 * Iberville (9,424)
 * Saint-Athanase (6,691)
 * L'Acadie (5,526)

Despite the fact that nearby Montreal is very racially diverse, in 2021 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu had a very large majority of white residents (~94.4%). 4.1% of residents were visible minorities and 1.5% identified as Indigenous. The largest visible minority groups were Black (1.4%) and Latin American (0.8%).

French was the mother tongue of 92.5% of residents. Other common mother tongues were English (2.5%), Spanish (0.8%), and Arabic (0.5%). 1.4% claimed both French and English as first languages, while 0.4% listed both French and a non-official language.

68.9% of residents were Christian, down from 88.0% in 2011. 62.3% were Catholic, 4.3% were Christian n.o.s and 0.8% were Protestant. 29.3% of the population was non-religious or secular, up from 11.7% in 2011. All other religions and spiritual traditions accounted for 1.8% of the population. The largest non-Christian religion was Islam at 1.4%.

Economy
Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu is home to the Carrefour Richelieu regional shopping mall which has 115 stores.

Newer retail developments include Faubourg Saint-Jean, home to restaurants, services, stores, and a soon-to-open movie theatre.

The historic downtown area, which borders the Richelieu River and includes Richelieu and Champlain streets, is home to a variety of locally owned bars, restaurants, and shops.

St-Jean is a manufacturing centre for textiles, wood products, sporting equipment, and metal transformation. It hosts an Area Support Unit (ASU) of the Canadian Forces, which functions as a primary recruit and officer training establishment.

Infrastructure
The Ville de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu public transit system provides commuter and local bus services.

According to the 2016 Census, 22,840 residents, or 56.7% of the labour force work within the city. An additional 5,135 (12.7%) commute to Montreal, while 2,305 (5.7%) work in Longueuil, 1,440 (3.6%) work in Brossard, and 965 (2.4%) work in Chambly.

By contrast only 770 people commute from Montreal to work in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu every day, while 795 people commute from Longueuil, 780 commute from Chambly, 510 commute from Saint-Alexandre and 500 commute from Mont-Saint-Grégoire.

Transportation
The city is split in two by Autoroute de la Vallée-des-Forts (Autoroute 35) which goes North-South by going first through Saint-Luc district, then turns east just south of Pierre-Caisse Boulevard in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu district to cross the Richelieu River and to finally continue its way south through St-Athanase and Iberville districts. The highway continues south for some 24 km before ending at Saint-Sébastien, but it is expected to be extended all the way to the Canada-United States border at Saint-Armand (Highgate Springs, Vermont) in the future, and will then continue as Interstate 89 in Vermont.

Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu has its own municipal airport, Saint-Jean Airport, and is also close to Montreal Pierre-Elliot Trudeau International Airport.

The former International Railway of Maine runs through the town, now the connecting point for the Central Maine and Quebec Railway with the Canadian Pacific Railway. The former Saint-Jean-d'Iberville railway station, which until 1966 served the Ambassador to Boston and New York City and the Washingtonian to Washington, D.C., is now a preserved building.

Education
The South Shore Protestant Regional School Board previously served the municipality.

In addition to more than a dozen public elementary and secondary schools, St-Jean is home to two private schools, one English-language school, and two higher education institutions:
 * Ecole du quatre vent elementary french school
 * École Vision Saint-Jean, a trilingual (French-English-Spanish) primary school
 * École Secondaire Marcellin Champagnat, a historically Catholic (now non-religious) high school
 * Saint-John's School, the city's only English-language school, which serves students from Kindergarten through high school. Per Quebec law, only children whose parents attended English-language school are allowed to attend English school themselves; French is mandatory for everyone else.
 * Royal Military College Saint-Jean (Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean) serves as a one-year preparatory program for the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario. Original founded in 1952, it ceased being a degree granting military college in 1995 due to cuts to military funding. RMCSJ continued to provide non-degree college programs for French-speaking cadets of the Canadian Forces. The Canadian federal government reopened the military college at Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu in the fall of 2007 to provide the full first year of university, equivalent to the Kingston program, for students with English- or French-language backgrounds alongside the college program.
 * CEGEP Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, part of Quebec's CEGEP network, offering post-secondary, pre-university programs

Notable people

 * Art Alexandre, professional hockey player, left wing for the Montreal Canadiens (NHL)
 * Edward Antill, American lieutenant colonel who participated in the 1775 Battle of Quebec. Marries a Quebecker, and died there.
 * Les Appendices, comedy group
 * Diane Boudreau, writer
 * Alexandre Boulerice, communication, adviser, community activist, journalist
 * Gerry Boulet, rock singer with the Offenbach band
 * Isabelle Brasseur, 1993 World Figure Skating Champion (Pairs), 1992/1994 Olympic bronze medalist
 * Éric Bruneau, actor
 * David Cadieux, Canadian champion heavyweight boxer
 * Capitaine Révolte, music group formed in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu in 1998
 * David Choinière, footballer for the Canadian Premier League side Forge FC
 * Stéphane Crête, actor
 * Jeff Deslauriers, professional hockey goaltender, former Anaheim Ducks (NHL)
 * Denis Gauthier, former professional hockey defenceman who played for the Calgary Flames, Phoenix Coyotes, Philadelphia Flyers and Los Angeles Kings (NHL)
 * Bernard "Boom Boom" Geoffrion, right wing hockey player, former Montreal Canadiens (NHL), considered one of the innovators of the slapshot
 * Claude Giroux, wrestler
 * Hélène Harbec, Canadian journalist and poet
 * Israël Landry, teacher, musician, music merchant, editor-in-chief, consul
 * Rina Lasnier, GOQ, Canadian poet
 * Pierre Légaré, stand-up comic
 * Jean Lemieux, physician, novel and short-story writer
 * Antoine L'Estage, Canada's most successful rally driver, 10-time Canadian Rally Championship winner, North American Rally Cup winner and Rally X-Games participant
 * Didier Lucien, Quebec actor of Haitian origin
 * Félix-Gabriel Marchand, journalist, author, notary and 11th Premier of Quebec (1897–1900)
 * Joséphine Marchand-Dandurand, journalist, writer, and feminist activist
 * Claudine Mercier, comedian, singer, actress and impressionist
 * Jean-François Mercier, comedian, screenwriter and television host
 * Jean-Marc Parent, comedian
 * Danny Plourde, poet, novelist and professor
 * Jean-Francois Quintin, hockey player, left wing for the San Jose Sharks (NHL)
 * Claude Raymond was a major league pitcher and later a sports commentator.
 * Aurélie Rivard, paralympic swimmer and multiple medalist
 * Alain Rochat, Swiss footballer
 * Joey Scarpellino, actor
 * Ska/punk/reggae band Subb
 * Valérie Tétreault, tennis player
 * Pierre Tougas, watercolor painter
 * Marie Turgeon, actress
 * The Villeneuve family, racing drivers:
 * Gilles Villeneuve, Canadian racing driver, brother of Jacques-Joseph Villeneuve (born in Berthierville) and father of Jacques Villeneuve
 * Jacques Villeneuve, 1995 CART Champion, 1995 Indianapolis 500 Champion, and 1997 Formula One World Champion, NASCAR driver
 * Mike Ward, comedian
 * Kevin Owens, (born Kevin Steen), World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) Superstar

title: Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu