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Lady Byng Memorial Trophy

The Lady Byng Memorial Trophy, formerly known as the Lady Byng Trophy, is presented each year to the National Hockey League "player adjudged to have exhibited the best type of sportsmanship and gentlemanly conduct combined with a high standard of playing ability." The Lady Byng Memorial Trophy has been awarded 89 times to 53 different players since it was first awarded in 1925. The original trophy was donated to the league by Lady Byng of Vimy, then–viceregal consort of Canada.

The voting is conducted at the end of the regular season by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association, and each individual voter ranks their top five candidates on a 10–7–5–3–1 points system. Three finalists are named and the trophy is awarded at the NHL Awards ceremony after the Stanley Cup Playoffs.

History
The trophy is named in honour of Marie Evelyn Moreton (Lady Byng), wife of the Viscount Byng of Vimy, who commanded Canadian forces at the Battle of Vimy Ridge and who was Governor General of Canada from 1921 to 1926. Lady Byng, an avid hockey fan, decided to donate the trophy to the NHL in 1924–25.

Lady Byng decided the trophy's first winner would be Frank Nighbor of the original Ottawa Senators. Late in the season, she invited Nighbor to Rideau Hall, showed him the trophy, and asked him if the NHL would accept it as an award for its most gentlemanly player. When Nighbor said he thought it would, Lady Byng, much to Nighbor's surprise, awarded him the trophy.

After Frank Boucher of the New York Rangers won the award seven times within eight years, Lady Byng was so impressed that she gave him the original trophy to keep. She then donated a second trophy in 1935–36. When Lady Byng died in 1949, the NHL presented another trophy and changed the official name to the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy. In 1962, the original trophy was destroyed in a fire at Boucher's home.

Award winners
Besides Boucher, a number of players have won the award multiple times, including Wayne Gretzky who won it five times, Red Kelly and Pavel Datsyuk with four wins, and Bobby Bauer, Alex Delvecchio, Mike Bossy, Martin St. Louis, and Ron Francis with three each. Because of Boucher's seven wins, the New York Rangers join Detroit as the only two clubs who have won the award fourteen times, followed by Toronto with nine wins, Chicago and Boston tied with eight, and Los Angeles with six. Adam Oates was a six-time finalist for the Lady Byng Trophy but never won.

Five players have won both the Lady Byng Trophy and the Hart Memorial Trophy as league MVP in the same season: Buddy O'Connor (1947–48), Bobby Hull (1964–65), Stan Mikita (1966–67 and 1967–68), Wayne Gretzky (1979–80) and Joe Sakic (2000–01). Mikita is also the only player to win the Hart, Art Ross, and Lady Byng trophies in the same season, doing so consecutively in the 1966–67 and 1967–68 seasons. Gretzky, Bobby Hull, and Martin St. Louis also won these three awards, but not in the same season. Bobby and Brett Hull are the only father–son combination to win the Hart and Lady Byng trophies.

Bill Quackenbush, Jaccob Slavin, Red Kelly, and Brian Campbell are the only defensemen to have won the Lady Byng Trophy, with Kelly and Slavin being the only ones to win it multiple times. Kelly holds a record three as a defenseman (four overall). After Kelly, no defenseman won the award for a 58-year stretch, which ended in 2012 when Campbell received the honor, although Nicklas Lidstrom narrowly lost to Joe Sakic in 2001. No goaltender has ever won the award.

List of winners

{{legend|#CFECEC|Player is still active in the NHL|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#FBCCE7|Eligible player not yet elected to Hockey Hall of Fame}} {{legend|#FFFFCC|Inactive player not yet eligible for the Hockey Hall of Fame}}

title: Lady Byng Memorial Trophy


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User talk:Pistnor

Greetings! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you have questions or doubts of any sort, do not hesitate to post them on the Village Pump, somebody will respond ASAP. Other helpful pages include: Have fun! --Jiang 21:04 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * Welcome, newcomers
 * How does one edit a page
 * Manual of style
 * Naming conventions

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Pistnor


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Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport

Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport, also known as Jean Lesage International Airport (French: Aéroport international Jean-Lesage de Québec, or Aéroport de Québec), is the primary airport serving Quebec City, Canada. Designated as an international airport by Transport Canada, it is located 6 nmi west-southwest of the city. In 2023, it was the 12th-busiest airport in Canada, with 1,688,736 passengers. More than 10 airlines offer 360 weekly flights to destinations across Canada, the United States, Central America, Mexico, the Caribbean and Europe.

Overview
The airport was established in 1939, a year after the closure of the Aérodrome Saint-Louis. First established as a training facility for air observers, the first flight occurred on September 11, 1941. First known as the Aéroport de l'Ancienne Lorette, then the Aéroport de Sainte-Foy, and later the Aéroport de Québec, it was renamed to Aéroport international Jean-Lesage in 1993, in honour of Jean Lesage, the former Premier of Quebec. The airport is managed and operated by Aéroport de Québec inc., a non-profit and non-share corporation. The current terminal building has a capacity of 1.4 million passengers annually.

Beginning in 2006, with a budget of $65.8 million, Québec/Jean Lesage International Airport underwent a modernization designed to increase the terminal's capacity and substantially enhance the level of passenger service. The modernization included a reconfiguration of the terminal on two levels, a restructuring of the baggage handling area and arrivals area, as well as a reconfiguration and enlargement of the waiting rooms. Fifty-four percent of the financing was provided directly by Aéroport de Québec inc. Completed in June 2008, the new configuration of the airport now enables it to handle 1.4 million passengers a year.

Based on the passenger figures for 2009 and 2010, it became clear that the terminal building would reach its design capacity by 2012. Aéroport de Québec inc. is therefore planning further investments of nearly $300 million to further expand the terminal building. Presently the terminal has 17 gates: 12 contact gates and 5 walk-out aircraft positions. This will increase to 24 gates by 2025.

On July 4, 2011, work began on the second phase of the airport expansion, which lasted until 2017. Partially funded through an Airport Improvement Fee, the terminal building doubled in size, at a cost of $224.8 million. The work included an expansion of the international facilities, construction work on the runways, taxiways and de-icing pads, as well as enhancements to customer service facilities. On September 19, 2013, runway 12/30 was renamed to runway 11/29.

The airport charges an Airport Improvement Fee (AIF) to each passenger, it is amongst the highest in Canada at $35 per passenger.

On 10 March 2016, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and President Barack Obama announced the addition of the airport to the list of Canadian airports containing U.S. border preclearance facilities. In 2019, Trudeau and President Donald Trump also announced that the airport would obtain border preclearance. However, as of March 2024, preclearance is not yet available.

On December 11, 2017, the first phase of YQB2018, the expansion project, was completed with the opening of the new international terminal. The new facility features more dedicated baggage carousels serving international flights, new customs area, expanded food court and restaurant areas including Starbucks, Pidz and Nourc, four new gates (34 to 37), improved and larger loading area for cars and buses and a larger capacity baggage area.

The last expansion phase was completed in the summer of 2019 with the domestic and international terminals being linked together.

Also added as part of the most recent expansion are 10 holes in the security fence placed at positions determined jointly by the airport authority and a local plane spotting group. These holes are sized to allow photographers to insert telephoto lenses, and are specifically reserved for their use. In 2019, the American website Digital Photography Review called the airport "the number one spot for aviation photographers".

Infrastructure
YQB International Airport receives a wide variety of long-, mid- and short-haul aircraft. The airport has two runways. Its longest runway northeast-southwesterly direction is 06/24, having a length of 9000 by. Runway 24 is YQB's main approach pattern equipped with Area navigation (RNAV), required navigation performance (RNP) and non-directional beacon (NDB) approach. Runway 06 has the same approaches with the addition of an instrument landing system (ILS).

There are seven taxiways, Alpha (connecting the main apron with runway 24), Bravo (connecting the main apron with runway 29), Charlie, Delta (parallel to the 06/24), Echo (connecting the main apron with runway 24), Golf (which links Delta to the threshold of runway 06) and Hotel (between Golf and runway 11/29). The airport aprons can accommodate light to large aircraft (12 aerobridge and 9 remote) simultaneously and is designed to accommodate wide-body jet airliners as large as the Boeing 747-400. YQB doesn't have a Visual Docking Guidance System (VDGS) or Parallax Aircraft Parking Aid (PAPA), all stands are assisted by ground operations using marshalling wands–handheld illuminated beacons.

Ramp 3 is where all the flight schools and private airlines are located. Chrono Aviation, Skyjet/Air Liaison, Orizon Aviation, CFAQ, Strait Air and Avjet/TSAS are the main users of this apron.

Statistics

 * Statistics prior to 2009 are from Transport Canada. From 2009 on statistics are from Aéroport de Québec (ADQ). Transport Canada's statistics are consistently higher than those of ADQ.

Access
Public transportation to the airport is provided by Réseau de transport de la Capitale route 76 to Via Rail's Sainte-Foy station and route 80 to downtown.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 9 September 1949, Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 108 on a flight from Montreal to Baie-Comeau with a stopover in Quebec City crash-landed east of Quebec City when a bomb exploded on board shortly after departing from Quebec City Jean Lesage Airport (then known as L'Ancienne-Lorette Airport), killing all 19 passengers and four crew. The incident and trial that followed would be known as the Albert Guay affair.
 * On 29 March 1979, Quebecair Flight 255, a Fairchild F-27, crashed after take-off, killing 17 and injuring seven.
 * On 23 June 2010, a Beechcraft A100 King Air of Aeropro (C-FGIN) crashed north of the airport just after taking off from runway 30 (now runway 29), killing all seven people on board.
 * On 12 October 2017, for the first time in North America, a drone collided with a passenger plane. The drone struck the turboprop passenger plane operated by Skyjet Aviation while it was on approach. The drone was operating above the 90 m flight height restriction and within the 5 km exclusion zone around airports, violating drone operating regulations.


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Halifax Stanfield International Airport

Halifax Stanfield International Airport is a Canadian airport in Goffs, Nova Scotia, a rural community of the Halifax Regional Municipality. It serves the Halifax region, mainland Nova Scotia, and adjacent areas in the neighbouring Maritime provinces. The airport is named in honour of Robert Stanfield, the 17th Premier of Nova Scotia and former leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party of Canada.

The airport, owned by Transport Canada since it opened in 1960, has been operated since 2000 by the Halifax International Airport Authority (HIAA). It forms part of the National Airports System.

Designated as an international airport by Transport Canada, Halifax Stanfield is the 8th busiest airport in Canada by passenger traffic. It handled a total of 3,579,293 passengers in 2023 and 84,045 aircraft movements in 2017. It is a hub for Porter Airlines, Air Canada Express, Cougar Helicopters, Maritime Air Charter, and PAL Airlines.

Background
An airfield in the West End, known as Chebucto Field, was built as the Halifax Civic Airport by the City of Halifax in 1931 on the former site of Blueball Farm. It served as the city's main airport until 1941, when it was closed and leased to the federal government to serve as an army camp in World War II. Today Saunders Park, named after the first Halifax airport manager and Aero Club manager Donald Saunders, and some parts of the residential area of Westmount Subdivision, mark the site. RCAF Station Shearwater subsequently functioned as Halifax's primary airport until the current airport was opened. In October 1945, the City of Halifax asked the federal Department of Transport for help choosing a site for a new civil airport.

A key factor was to find a site near Halifax with a minimal number of days per year when fog would affect airport operation. Lucasville was favoured, but after a year of study it was found to have similar average visibility to the frequently foggy airport at Shearwater. A site near Kelly Lake was then scrutinized based on a recommendation by Trans-Canada Air Lines. After two years of monitoring, the site was officially approved in 1954 for construction of a modern, C$5 million airport. The land was purchased by the City of Halifax on April 5, 1955, while the Department of Transport was tasked with building the airport.

Construction and early years
Construction of the new airport began in November 1955. The runways were built by Diamond Construction of Halifax. The modernist terminal building was designed by Gilleland and Strutt, an architecture firm which previously designed a similar-looking terminal at Ottawa.

The new airport was substantially completed in June 1960, and a temporary licence for daytime visual flight rules (VFR) operations was issued that month. An opening gala was held on Dominion Day of 1960, the same day a licence permitting full operations was issued. At 4:50 am on August1, 1960 the first airplane landed there, a Vickers Viscount running the Trans-Canada Airlines Flight 400 between Montreal and Newfoundland. It was piloted by Halifax native W.E. Barnes. The first overseas flight arrived an hour later, travelling from London en route to Montreal. The airport was formally inaugurated on September 10, 1960, by the Minister of Transport, George Hees. The ultimate cost of construction was about $18 million.

Passenger numbers grew steadily during the first few decades of operation. The passenger terminal was substantially renovated in 1966. A 5000 sqm passenger terminal extension opened in July 1976, which saw the installation of the airport's first three air bridges. New temporary passenger walkways were constructed in 1988 to serve regional carriers. By 1990, approximately 2,500,000 passengers passed through the airport annually, up from about 180,000 when it first opened. A 400 sqm southern expansion was opened in December 1994 by Minister of Transport Doug Young, while the check-in area was expanded in 1998.

Owing to the National Airports Policy, announced in 1994, the Halifax International Airport Authority (HIAA) was founded in November 1995. Management of the airport was officially passed from Transport Canada to HIAA on February 1, 2000.

Operation Yellow Ribbon

Following the September 11 attacks in 2001 the airport took part in Operation Yellow Ribbon, commenced to accept United States civilian flights after the Federal Aviation Administration closed down U.S. airspace. Halifax airport took in 47 flights—more flights than any other Canadian airport involved in the operation—carrying about 7,300 passengers—more passengers than any other Canadian airport involved in the operation other than Vancouver, which registered 8,500. Much of this was because flights that were coming from Europe were told to avoid the major airports in Central Canada, like Toronto Pearson, Montréal-Dorval, and Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport.

Shortly after the attacks, the airport was advised that as many as 40 to 50 planes would divert to Halifax. In response, runway 15/33 (now 14/32) was shut down to accommodate the parked aircraft. The first diverted aircraft, a United Airlines Boeing 767, arrived at 11:35 am. The number of arriving passengers greatly outstripped the capacity of the airport, which faced processing 7,000–8,000 people with an arrivals facility designed to handle 900 per hour. The Halifax municipal government was tasked with providing emergency shelter, food, transportation and care to the stranded travellers, who were housed in city sports complexes and schools, churches, universities, military bases, as well as the homes of private citizens. A memorial ceremony was held in the airport terminal on September 14, 2001.

To honour the people of Gander and Halifax for their support during the operation, Lufthansa named a new Airbus A340-300 Gander-Halifax on May 16, 2002. That airplane is listed with the registration D-AIFC, and is the first aircraft of the whole fleet with a city name outside of Germany. On September 11, 2006, five years after the attacks, United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice visited Halifax airport and delivered a speech of thanks.

Renaming
After the December 2003 death of Robert Stanfield, the former Premier of Nova Scotia and federal Leader of the Official Opposition, several proposals were made in Nova Scotia to honour the widely respected politician. In early 2005 the airport's governing board voted to rename the terminal building after Stanfield. The terminal was officially rechristened in a ceremony held on September 9, 2005, when the Stanfield family unveiled a brass memorial plaque in the airport observation floor.

On Friday February 9, 2007 Prime Minister Stephen Harper arrived at the airport and formally renamed the entire facility from "Halifax International Airport" to "Halifax Robert L. Stanfield International Airport" in a further honour to Stanfield; at that time the terminal name was dropped and reverted to its original status.

Awards
Halifax International Airport fared well in the 2005 AETRA survey for passenger satisfaction, produced by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and Airports Council International. The airport was ranked the best airport in the Americas for the second year in a row, as well as the best airport in the less than 5 million passengers a year category for the third year in a row (worldwide), and best domestic airport for the second year in a row.

In March 2007, the airport earned two first-place finishes in the 2006 Airports Council International (ACI) Service Quality Awards held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. For the fourth consecutive year, it ranked first in overall passenger satisfaction for airports worldwide with under five million passengers. In addition, the airport ranked first in the Americas in the new category of Airport People Awards, and second in the best domestic airport worldwide category.

In early 2010, Halifax Stanfield was rated by passengers as the Best Airport in the World in its class (under 5 million) for the seventh year in a row.

In 2011 it won third Best Airport in North America of the Airport Service Quality Awards by Airports Council International, as well as 3rd Best Airport by Size in the 2 to 5 million passenger category.

Terminal
The Air Terminal Building (ATB) was opened in August 1960. It cost about C$4.5 million to construct and, upon opening, included health, immigration and customs facilities for international passengers; a restaurant; a control tower and administrative offices; and two observation decks that projected onto the apron. It was designed by Gilleland and Strutt of Ottawa, in collaboration with C.D. Davidson of Halifax as well as A.W. Ramsey, chief architect at the Department of Transport. The main contractor was Ellis-Don. The modern complex contained Nova Scotia's first set of escalators.

Today, the terminal serves over four million passengers per year. The growth experienced in the decades since the airport's construction has necessitated constant renovations, and there is often construction occurring there. Since the HIAA took over management of the airport in 2000, over $200 million has been invested in improvements to the terminal building.

A new international arrivals area, three times larger than the previous one, opened at the north end of the terminal in August 2001. The upper level of this expansion included a space reserved for United States border preclearance facilities (see below). A new domestic arrivals hall, accommodating three baggage reclaim belts and a Nova Scotia visitor's centre, officially opened on December 18, 2002. Work also began in 2002 on a significant renovation to the central lobby of the terminal building. This expanded retail and dining space opened as the Airport Square on November 9, 2003. A third-storey public observation deck opened at the same time. A southern terminal expansion was completed in 2005, expanding the departures holdroom, adding three new jet bridges, and creating a dedicated commuter aircraft facility with new ground-loading gates.

In December 2004, U.S. Customs and Border Protection approved Halifax for U.S. border preclearance. It took effect in late 2006. HIAA used to be the busiest airport in Canada without U.S. customs preclearance. On September 12, 2007, the airport authority announced the construction of a 2,300 space, five-storey parking garage, which was completed on March 12, 2009.

Several improvements to the terminal were made in 2018–19. A three-storey extension to the central portion of the terminal building was constructed, projecting into the centre apron. The ground floor houses an expanded security screening area, increasing capacity and allowing for the implementation of "CATSA Plus", the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority's latest checkpoint design, which requires more space. The second floor contains an expanded, double-height passenger waiting area, with additional seating, as well as new dining and retail space. At the same time, new security features were added around the terminal, including anti-ramming bollards, blast-resistant glazing, more security cameras, and new access control features. Lastly, the domestic baggage claim area was renovated for cosmetic reasons. Ceilings were raised, column sizes were reduced, and new flooring was installed.

The terminal now has a total of 32 gate positions, with 13 using airbridges (gates 12, 14–16, 18, 20, 22–24, and 26–28). The remaining gates are ground-loading positions. Gates 22–24 and 26–28 are swing gates: a glassed-in secure corridor allows incoming international passengers and pre-cleared departing US passengers to be segregated from those in the domestic/international departure lounge; when used for US departures, these gates are numbered 52–54 and 56–58, respectively. Gates 2 (a-e) to 9 are ground-loading positions dedicated to domestic regional operations. Gates 34 to 46 are ground-loading gate positions for US flights.

Runways and taxiways
Halifax Stanfield has had two runways, arranged perpendicular to each other, since opening in 1960. In press releases the airport authority refers to the longer one as the "main runway" and the shorter as the "secondary runway".

All taxiways are 75 ft wide except for the 50-foot-wide taxiway K.

The airport opened with (using the present-day naming scheme) taxiways A, B (formerly part of A), C, D (section between the apron and the main runway), G, E, F, and H. Then-taxiway B and most of taxiway D (now M and D; see below) were constructed in 1982, providing a taxi route paralleling runway 14/32. In 2010, extension of the taxiway system resulted in an increased airside area, creating space for several newly constructed large hangars. Canadian Helicopters, Cougar Helicopters, Gateway Facilities, and IMP Group operate these new hangars along taxiways J and K.

In November 2012, an extension of both ends of runway 05/23 was completed to accommodate larger, wide-body aircraft. This increased its length from 8800 ft to 10500 ft. This increase resulted in the renaming of several taxiways: taxiway B became M, and the end of taxiway A was renamed B. Taxiway F was also extended to meet the threshold of runway 23. In 2016 a new apron was constructed off taxiway J to serve primarily as a place to park cargo freighters.

The airport covers a total of 2,372 acres (960 ha) of land.

Hotel
As early as the 1980s, the private sector expressed interest in building a hotel next to the airport terminal. In May 1988, Halifax-based Keddy's Motor Inns, a major Maritime hotel chain, signed a contract with Transport Canada to build a $20-million, 200-room hotel on Transport Canada-owned land opposite the terminal. Work on the Pegasus Hotel began in May 1990. After over $4 million had been spent, construction was halted in December 1990 by the main contractor, GEM Construction Specialists, due to unpaid work. Keddy's faced financial troubles and was $35 million in debt, and project funding from a consortium of Hong Kongese and Taiwanese immigrant investors fell through. The federal government searched for a company interested in completing the project, but the only proposal received was deemed inadequate. The unfinished shell of the hotel was considered an embarrassing eyesore, and Transport Canada demolished it in 1996.

The airport authority announced on May 13, 2008, that a letter of intent had been signed with New Castle Hotels and Southwest Properties for construction of a 176-room Sheraton hotel. It was estimated to cost about $30 million and would have included a fitness centre, swimming pool, conference centre, and dining facilities. In early 2009 the airport authority and the developers jointly agreed to postpone construction of the hotel due to the global economic downturn. In early 2010 the developers pulled out of the deal.

On October 26, 2011, the airport authority announced the construction of an on-site 14-storey, 169-room, Alt Hotel. Linked to both the passenger terminal and the parking garage by an enclosed footbridge, the $27 million building was built by Marco Construction of Halifax and opened in 2013. Operated by Groupe Germain Hospitalité, the hotel includes conference and banquet facilities, a fitness centre, a pool, and a 24-hour cafe. It was built with soundproof windows to block aircraft noise.

Operations
The airport is served by several fixed-base operators (FBOs), which handle fueling, ground handling, hangarage, catering, etc. They include Air Canada Technical Services, Aircraft Service International, Gateway Facilities, Halifax International Fuel Facility Consortium (HIFFC), Inland Technologies, Innotech-Execaire, PAL Aviation Services, Shell AeroCentre, Strategic Aviation, and Swissport.

Halifax Regional Police provides policing services. Emergency rescue and firefighting services are based in the Combined Services Complex (CSC), which also houses the airport's maintenance operations. The C$24-million, 6000 sqm building opened in 2010, replacing the previous fire hall (built 1981) as well as the former maintenance garage, which opened with the airport in 1960. The complex includes a fire station, vehicular wash and storage bays, offices, conference rooms, staff rooms, sleeping quarters, and an emergency communications centre. The CSC was the first LEED certified building at the airport.

Halifax International Airport was one of a handful of sites in eastern North America designated an emergency landing site for the Space Shuttle if a launch was aborted following liftoff. The airport kept in contact with Transport Canada and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration during each shuttle launch.

Business park
The airport is located adjacent to the Aerotech Business Park, a municipally-run business park originally catering towards aviation companies. The zoning has since been changed to allow for other types of companies to locate there. The largest tenants are Pratt & Whitney Canada and L3 Communications.

Ongoing developments
The latest airport master plan was published in January 2011. Many of its proposals have since been realised, such as construction of an on-site hotel, the southern terminal expansion, and extensions of the main runway. Possible future plans outlined in this document include new taxiways and parking stands, another de-icing area, space for new logistics and aviation services development, and a major expansion of the public road network (partly built) to facilitate development of a large commercial area between the airport and the highway.

On November 15, 2018, transport minister Marc Garneau announced Government of Canada funding, via the National Trade Corridors Fund, toward a $36-million expansion of the airport's air cargo handling facilities. The federal government will contribute $18 million, while $5 million will come from the province and $13 million from the airport authority. The expansion will be built on forested land adjacent to the existing cargo area.

Charter
The following companies operate from private hangars or FBOs at the airport:
 * Cougar Helicopters
 * Maritime Air Charter
 * Provincial Airlines (also leases a Beech Super King Air 200 to Emergency Health Services for use as air ambulance when the EHS helicopter is unavailable)
 * Sable Aviation

Incidents and accidents

 * On 17 March 1965, a Handley Page Dart Herald operated by Eastern Provincial Airways and bound for Sydney, NS, crashed in Upper Musquodoboit, about 15 minutes after taking off from Halifax. While climbing, the aircraft broke apart due to corrosion. The three crew members and five passengers on board were all killed.
 * On December 18, 1979, a Piper Navajo light plane working a courier service crashed at Halifax airport, killing two and destroying many documents detailing transactions from 59 banks in Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton.
 * On July 17, 1987, a four-seat Bell 206 helicopter operated by Versatile Air Services crashed next to Highway 102 near the airport. Two were injured and the aircraft was destroyed.
 * On the night of September 2, 1998, Swissair Flight 111, a scheduled flight from New York City to Geneva, declared a pan-pan after the crew noticed smoke in the cockpit. The flight crew attempted to divert to Halifax after dumping fuel, but crashed into the sea at the entrance of St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia, about 60 km from the airport. All 229 passengers and crew were killed.
 * On October 14, 2004, MK Airlines Flight 1602, a Boeing 747-200F, crashed during takeoff from runway 23. All seven crew members died.
 * On March 29, 2015, Air Canada Flight 624 crashed while attempting to land at the airport, shortly after midnight in stormy weather. All 137 passengers and crew survived. The crash cut power to the airport and damaged runway 05's antenna array. The aircraft was destroyed.
 * On November 7, 2018, Sky Lease Cargo Flight 4854, a Boeing 747-400F, overran runway 14 while landing and came to a rest near the Old Guysborough Road. All four occupants survived. The aircraft was destroyed.

Bus
MetroX route 320 is an express bus service that travels between the city centre and the airport, with intermediate stops at the Dartmouth Bridge Terminal and the suburb of Fall River. The route is operated by Halifax Transit (formerly Metro Transit) and runs all day on both weekdays and weekends.

Car
The airport is located at Exit 6 of Highway 102, which connects Halifax to the Trans-Canada Highway. It is a 28-minute drive from Halifax City Hall, the centre of Downtown Halifax. There are numerous car rental agencies located in the lower level of the airport car park.

Aside from the parking garage connected to the terminal, the airport also offers Park 'N Fly Airport Parking, a long-term parking service, the brand name licensed to the airport by Hong Kong company CK Hutchison Holdings.

title: Halifax Stanfield International Airport


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William M. Jennings Trophy

The William M. Jennings Trophy is an annual National Hockey League (NHL) award given to "the goaltender(s) having played a minimum of 25 games for the team with the fewest goals scored against it ... based on regular-season play." From 1946 until 1981, the Vezina Trophy had been awarded under that definition, but it was later changed and replaced by the Jennings Trophy. It is named in honor of William M. Jennings, the longtime governor and president of the New York Rangers. Since its beginnings in 1982, it has been awarded at the end of 40 seasons to 44 different players; mostly in tandems of two goaltenders.

The most recent winner is Connor Hellebuyck of the Winnipeg Jets. The Jets had a league-low 199 team goals-against in the 2023–24 season.

History
From 1946 until the 1980–81 season, the Vezina Trophy was awarded to the goaltender(s) of the NHL team allowing the fewest goals during the regular season. However, it was recognized that this system often meant the trophy went to the goaltender of the better team rather than the individual and was changed to offer the trophy to the most outstanding goaltender, as voted by the NHL general managers. The William M. Jennings Trophy was created as a replacement and is awarded to the starting goaltender(s) playing for the team with the fewest goals against.

The Jennings Trophy was donated by the NHL's board of governors and first presented at the conclusion of the 1981–82 season. It is named in honor of the late William M. Jennings, who was a longtime governor and president of the New York Rangers and a builder of ice hockey in the United States. Normally the minimum number of games a goaltender must play to be eligible for the trophy is 25, but for the lockout shortened 1994–95 season, the required minimum was fourteen games.

Nine players have won both the Jennings and Vezina Trophy for the same season: Patrick Roy ( and ), Ed Belfour ( and ), Dominik Hasek ( and ), Martin Brodeur, Miikka Kiprusoff , Tim Thomas , Carey Price , Marc-Andre Fleury , and Linus Ullmark. Roy and Brodeur have won the trophy five times each, the most of any goaltenders. Belfour is third, having won four times. The Montreal Canadiens have the most wins, with six, followed by the New Jersey Devils and the Chicago Blackhawks with five each, the Boston Bruins with four, and the Buffalo Sabres and with three.

Winners
{{legend|#CFECEC|Player is still active in the NHL|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#CCFFCC|Player's team won the Stanley Cup|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#FBCCE7|Player elected to Hockey Hall of Fame|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#ffffcc|Player not yet eligible for the Hockey Hall of Fame|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}} Bold Player with the fewest goals ever scored against in a Jennings' winning season.

title: William M. Jennings Trophy


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Talk:Group 6 element

comment
This is really confusing! Can anyone make this clearer? Big time this makes no sence........

 * I agree - the lead paragraph says that the series does exhibit similarities in electron configuration, but the Chemistry section says they don't. I presume this both can be considered true, depending on whether one is talking about the entire series, or only the first two (Cr, Mo), or the series excluding the first two (W, Sg). Which of these configuration (13,1 in the outer two shells, or 12,2) should be considered "real" series . I suppose if someone had created some 20 elements beyond Uuo, that might answer it..  But that's probably not going to happen until humans become a Type 3 civilization in 200 or so years - if it's even possible to go out that far (is there a relativistic limit on the maximum size of atoms, or some other final end to the island of stability?)  Anyway, I agree it's confusing..  Also, what is the reason the Aufbau principle is violated?  I vaguely remember that some elements show oddities involving d and f sub-shell electrons.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jimw338 (talk • contribs) 00:31, 26 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Double sharp (talk) 09:18, 7 August 2013 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
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title: Talk:Group 6 element


text:
Karl August Varnhagen von Ense

Karl August Varnhagen von Ense (21 February 1785 in Düsseldorf – 10 October 1858 in Berlin) was a German biographer, diplomat and soldier.

Life and career
He was born in Düsseldorf, the younger brother of Rosa Maria Varnhagen, a noted poet, writer, and educator. He studied medicine in Berlin, but most of his time was spent examining philosophy and literature, which he later studied more thoroughly at Halle and Tübingen. He began his literary career in 1804 working along with Adelbert von Chamisso on his Berliner Musenalmanach.

In 1809, he joined the main Austrian army under Archduke Charles, serving in IR47 Vogelsang at the Battle of Wagram, where he was wounded on the first day, 5 July. He was then made adjutant to Prince Bentheim, whom he accompanied to Paris, where he continued his studies. In 1812, he entered the Prussian civil service in Berlin but soon left to enter the Russian service as captain. He served in Tettenborn's corps as adjutant to Tettenborn on trips to Hamburg and Paris. He recorded his experiences in Geschichte der Hamburger Ereignisse (History of the events in Hamburg; London, 1813) and Geschichte der Kriegszüge Tettenborns (History of Tettenborn's Campaigns, 1814). He worked as a tutor and butler in the homes of several families of the wealthy Jewish bourgeoisie. This allowed him to learn from an early age young characters in his time, some already famous, such as: Adelbert von Chamisso, Justinus Kerner, Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué, Ludwig Uhland and many other poets of romanticism.

He accompanied Prince Hardenberg to the Congress of Vienna in 1814, and between 1815 and 1819 he served as Prussian Minister-Resident at Carlsruhe. After 1819, he resided chiefly in Berlin, bearing the title "Geheimer Legationsrat." He had no fixed official appointment but was often employed in important political business.

He carried on an extensive correspondence with Alexander von Humboldt, and two volumes of Humboldt's letters to him have been published.

On 10 October 1858, whilst playing chess with his niece, Karl August Varnhagen von Ense died of unknown causes. His last words, shortly before his death, were, "I lost."

Writings
Although he developed a reputation as an imaginative and critical writer, he is most famous as a biographer. He possessed a remarkable ability to group facts together and to bring out their essential significance. His style is distinguished for its strength, grace and purity. Among his principal works are: His Denkwürdigkeiten und vermischte Schriften appeared in nine volumes in 1843–59, the last two volumes appearing after his death. His niece, Ludmilla Assing, between 1860 and 1867, edited several volumes of his correspondence with eminent men and his Tagebücher (14 vols., 1861–70). Blätter aus der preussischen Geschichte appeared in five volumes (1868–69); his correspondence with his wife, Rahel, appeared in six volumes in 1874–75; and that with Carlyle in 1892.
 * Goethe in den Zeugnissen der Mitlebenden (1824)
 * Biographische Denkmäler (5 vols., 1824–30; 3rd ed., 1872)
 * Biographies of General von Seydlitz (1834), Field-Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, victor over Napoleon at Waterloo, Sophia Charlotte, Queen of Prussia (1837), Field-Marshal Schwerin (1841), Field-Marshal Keith (1844), and General Bülow von Dennewitz (1853)

His selected writings appeared in 19 volumes in 1871–76.

Family
In 1814, he married saloniste Rahel Levin after she converted from Judaism to Christianity. Varnhagen was devotedly attached to her and found in her sympathy and encouragement. She was one of the chief sources of his inspiration as a writer. He never fully recovered from the shock of her death in 1833, but he published memorial volumes containing selections from her papers: Rahel, ein Buch des Andenkens für ihre Freunde (Rahel, a memorial book for her friends, 3 vols., 1834) and Galerie von Bildnissen aus Rahels Umgang (A gallery of portraits from Rahel's circle, 2 vols., 1836).

title: Karl August Varnhagen von Ense


text:
Monomethylhydrazine

Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) is a highly toxic, volatile hydrazine derivative with the chemical formula CH6N2. It is used as a rocket propellant in bipropellant rocket engines because it is hypergolic with various oxidizers such as nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) and nitric acid (HNO3). As a propellant, it is described in specification MIL-PRF-27404.

MMH is a hydrazine derivative that was once used in the orbital maneuvering system (OMS) and reaction control system (RCS) engines of NASA's Space Shuttle, which used MMH and MON-3 (a mixture of nitrogen tetroxide with approximately 3% nitric oxide). This chemical is toxic and carcinogenic, but it is easily stored in orbit, providing moderate performance for very low fuel tank system weight. MMH and its chemical relative unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) have a key advantage that they are stable enough to be used in regeneratively cooled rocket engines. The European Space Agency (ESA) has attempted to seek new options in terms of bipropellant rocket combinations to avoid using deadly chemicals such as MMH and its relatives.

MMH is believed to be the primary active mycotoxin found in mushrooms of the genus Gyromitra, especially the false morel (Gyromitra esculenta). In these cases, MMH is formed by the hydrolysis of gyromitrin.

Monomethylhydrazine is considered to be a possible occupational carcinogen, and the occupational exposure limits to MMH are set at protective levels to account for the possible carcinogenicity.

A known use of MMH is in the synthesis of suritozole.

MMH is also assumed to be the active methylating agent in the drug Temozolomide.

title: Monomethylhydrazine


text:
Vancouver Blazers

The Vancouver Blazers were a professional ice hockey team that played in the World Hockey Association from 1973 to 1975. The Blazers played at the Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver, sharing the facility with the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League. The Blazers were owned by local businessman Jim Pattison. The franchise moved to Vancouver after a single season in Philadelphia. Unable to establish a strong fan base in Vancouver, the team was moved again in 1975 to become the Calgary Cowboys.

History
The Blazers were one of the founding members of the World Hockey Association. Originally the team, called the Miami Screaming Eagles, was to be based in Miami, Florida, but due to financial problems and a lack of a suitable arena, the franchise was moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and debuted as the Philadelphia Blazers. After only one season in Philadelphia, the team relocated to Vancouver, British Columbia and became the Vancouver Blazers in 1973–74. After two seasons, the team was again relocated to Calgary, Alberta as the Calgary Cowboys for 1975–76. Two years later, the franchise folded.

Vancouver Blazers
After the 1972–73 WHA season ended, the Philadelphia Blazers' owners sold the team to Jim Pattison who moved the team north of the border to Vancouver, British Columbia where it was named Vancouver Blazers.

Pattison knew that in order to compete with the Vancouver Canucks of the NHL, who shared the same arena, he needed to attract a major star to the team, as Andre Lacroix, who had led the league in scoring the previous year, left to join the New York Golden Blades, while the team's (and league's) highest-paid player, Derek Sanderson, had been forced out at the end of the season in a major embarrassment to the team and league. Pattison tried to sign Boston star Phil Esposito, offering him $2.5 million over five years. Esposito decided to stay with the Bruins for less money.

The team performed poorly in their first year, finishing with a record of 27-50-1; despite this, Vancouver was such a strong hockey town that the Blazers actually led the WHA in attendance, drawing 9,356 a night, more than 50% above the average of the other eleven clubs in the league. The next season, 1974–75, the club improved to only two games below .500, only to see attendance slip to 8,014 a game, sixth in the 14-team WHA.

The Blazers' (and WHA's) efforts to attract fans were certainly not helped by the machinations of the NHL, which was aggressively expanding to try and keep its rival out of premium arenas and markets. Prior to the WHA's arrival, the Canucks had consistently finished well out of playoff contention. However, after the Blazers' first season in the Pacific Coliseum, the NHL not only expanded again but also dissolved the Canucks' tough East Division and placed the team in the much weaker Smythe Division.

The Canucks won the new Smythe Division, and consistently played to at or near capacity at Pacific Coliseum while the Blazers struggled to fill the building to half capacity. Under such circumstances, it was evident that Vancouver was not large enough to support both the NHL and WHA; thus after only two seasons on the west coast the team made its third franchise shift in three years, this time to Calgary, Alberta, where they were renamed Calgary Cowboys. The Cowboys would be the WHA's second attempt in Calgary, as the Calgary Broncos were slated to start playing there for the inaugural WHA season. However, after Broncos' owner Bob Brownridge died, the franchise was placed in Cleveland instead.

The last active Vancouver Blazers player was Pat Price who retired in the NHL during the 1987-88 NHL season.

Season-by-season record

 * See 1973–74 Vancouver Blazers season
 * See 1974–75 Vancouver Blazers season

Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

title: Vancouver Blazers


text:
Izaak Walton Killam

Izaak Walton Killam (July 23, 1885 – August 5, 1955) was a Canadian financier.

Early life
Born in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, he was the son of William Dudman Killam and Arabella Hunter (Belle) Cann.

Business ventures
As a young banker with the Union Bank of Halifax, Killam became close friends with John F. Stairs and Max Aitken (Lord Beaverbrook) who put Killam in charge of his Royal Securities. In 1919, Killam bought out Aitken and took full control of the company. His business dealings primarily involved the financing of large pulp and paper and hydro-electric projects throughout Canada and Latin America. One of his larger projects in his native province was the creation of the Mersey Paper Company Ltd. and its related electrical generating stations and shipping fleet.

In 1922, he married Dorothy Ruth Brooks Johnston. Notwithstanding his prodigious financial accomplishments, Killam was a very reserved man who eschewed publicity and was virtually unknown outside a small circle of close acquaintances. In 1927, he acquired The Mail and Empire newspaper and after reorganization it was later sold to the owners of The Globe, who merged it to create The Globe and Mail in 1936.

Killam died in 1955 at his Quebec fishing lodge. By then he was considered to be the richest man in Canada.

Philanthropy
Having no children, Killam and his wife devoted the greater part of their wealth to higher education in Canada. The Killam Trusts, established in the will of Mrs. Killam, are held by five Canadian universities: the University of British Columbia, University of Alberta, University of Calgary, Dalhousie University and McGill University. The current market value of the Killam endowment is approximately CAD$400 million and it is used to fund scientific research and artistic ventures across Canada.

Dalhousie University in Halifax benefited the most, having received a $30 million bequest from Dorothy Killam's estate in 1965 ($214 million in 2011 when adjusted for inflation), representing 32% of her fortune. The 230000 sqft Killam Memorial Library constructed between 1966 and 1971 at a cost of $7.3 million ($52 million in 2011) was designed by architect Leslie R. Fairn and remains an enduring legacy to this day.

Money from the Killam estate also went to establish Izaak Walton Killam Hospital for Children in Halifax and the Montreal Neurological Institute in Montreal.

When Killam died the government honoured his request to use his inheritance taxes and a large donation, coupled with those of Sir James H. Dunn, to establish the Canada Council for the Arts.

title: Izaak Walton Killam


text:
Talk:Anti-capitalism

"History of movements" section
The "history of movements" section in the article is very short and only talks about the history of anti-capitalism movements in the U.S. Nn88nn88 (talk) 19:19, 13 December 2023 (UTC)

Socialism and Communism
These are still under Capitalism.. 87.49.147.56 (talk) 20:44, 15 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anti-capitalism


text:
User talk:Zoicon5

'Lexiconographer, a harmless drudge'. Is that Doctor Johnson ??? The Norwikian

 * Yes. Zoicon5

Archived Zoicon5 Talk

 * talk prior to Feb 2005
 * talk prior to May 2008

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How we will see unregistered users
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title: User talk:Zoicon5


text:
CDP

CDP may refer to:

Places

 * Census-designated place, an unincorporated area in the U.S. for which census data is collected
 * Cuddapah Airport (IATA identifier: CDP), Andhra Pradesh, India

Technology

 * Cache Discovery Protocol, an extension to the BitTorrent file-distribution system
 * Certificate in Data Processing, a professional certification conferred by the ICCP
 * Charger Downstream Port, a type of battery-charging USB port
 * Cisco Discovery Protocol, a proprietary data link network protocol developed by Cisco Systems
 * Columbia Data Products, formerly a computer manufacturer, now a software company
 * Composers Desktop Project, non-realtime audio digital-signal processing (DSP) software
 * Content delivery platform, a system for managing and deploying web content
 * Continuous Data Protection, whereby computer data is continuously backed up
 * Customer data platform, marketer-based management system for customer profiles

Science and medicine

 * Coronary Drug Project, a trial of treatments for coronary heart disease
 * Cytidine diphosphate, a nucleotide

Political parties

 * Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines
 * Congress for Democracy and Progress, a political party of Burkina Faso
 * Constitutional Democratic Party (disambiguation)
 * Christian Democratic Party (Australia)

Other uses

 * Carbon Disclosure Project, of greenhouse gas emissions
 * Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, investment bank of Italy
 * Center for Domestic Preparedness, a U.S. government emergency response training facility
 * Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC, a French wine appellation
 * Coeur de Pirate, a leading Canadian writer and singer of popular music in French and English, real name Béatrice Martin, born Montreal 1989
 * Collateralized debt position, a type of structured asset-backed security
 * Collett Dickenson Pearce, a British advertising agency

title: CDP


text:
Talk:Clitoris/Archive 1

Believe it or not, the clitoris is actually twice the size most textbooks treat it as, and apparently extends considerably back into the vagina. It is further speculated that the "G-spot" and "vaginal orgasms" are really just different regions of the clitoris.

Bloody amazing stuff. You'd reckon that if we discovered that, say, the penis was twice as big as originally thought, they'd be shouting it from the absolute rooftops, but. Anyway, somebody with a bit of an anatomy background should have a look at the following transcript from a TV science show and incorporate the details into the article:

http://www.abc.net.au/quantum/scripts98/9825/clitoris.html

should this page be under "clitoris" or "Clitoris"? doesn't capitalization matter?
 * The first letter of a Wikipedia article title is always capitalized. --Damian Yerrick

btw, AFAIK, the clitoris extends backwards to around the symphisis pubis, but I've never heard of it extending into the vagina.

It was my understanding that clitoral stimulation --> orgasm, which is important in driving sperm into the vagina and increasing the likelihood of fertilization. Therefore it isn't true that the Clitoris's sole function is sexual pleasure. --corvus13

 * well, it is my understanding that the female orgasm doesn't always result in driving sperm INTO the vagina and that it usually is actually expulsive. that should be the topic of a node on orgasms though. - firehawk

 * Studies indicate that when a woman has an orgasm, it often has the effect of dipping the opening of her cervix into the pool of collected semen (if present) at the back of the vaginal canal. This, naturally, has the effect of increasing the likelihood that sperm will reach the egg. This is probably the phenomenon to which corvus was referring. --Dante Alighieri 20:44 10 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Removed from the main article:

 * Switters, a character Fierce Invalids Home from Hot Climates by Tom Robbins says, "This insect is making me feel libidinous", about a moth because it 'resembled a clitoris with wings'.

Am I missing something here, or does this irrelevant nonsense that belongs on the nonsense page? ---Robert Merkel

You're right, Damian... I couldn't let the anatomical inaccuracy stand, and edited the page to include more accurate information about the full extent of the clitoris!!! -- Gjalexei

Do all female mammals have a clitoris? If not, which ones do? AxelBoldt 23:57 May 10, 2003 (UTC)

 * A few years ago I read a book by some guy who was massively well qualified in every kind of science and maths but appeared to be pretty much insane. His book was about patterns in prime numbers proving the existence of God or something but his argument would wander off into whatever he felt like talking about. He went on for a bit about the fact that evolution couldn't have happened because (I can't remember which monkey-type-thing exactly but I think) the gorilla doesn't have a clitoris and there's no way that humans and gorillas could have evolved from the same species if one has a clitoris and the other doesn't. I don't know for sure if it's true or not (the very premise of the book was poor math nonsense) and I dread to think what a Google search for gorilla clitoris would bring up! It might be a place to start looking though if no-one can give you an answer. -- Ams80 00:31 May 11, 2003 (UTC) (P.S. Apologies for my appalling grasp of biology!)

I did a bit of a web search ("clitoris mammals"), and the most obvious result was:

source: http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:www.lifesci.utexas.edu/courses/bio478L/LecturesPDF/reproduction.pdf&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 In female mammals, the clitoris is the sexual homolog of the penis, and has the same embryonic origin; it also has a corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum. However, the urethra passes through the penis, but not through the clitoris. In mammals, the penis of monotremes also develops from cloacal tissue. In Theria, the rectum is separate from the urogenital apparatus, and therfore, the penis does not develop from the cloaca, but from a genital tubercle, which becomes the clitoris of females. In many mammals (male and female carnivores, rodents, bats, and many primates, but not humans), a bone called the baculum develops between the corpora cavernosa of the penis or clitoris. I think from this I would conclude that at least all female Theria have a clitoris.

 * Yes. Ever looked at a female dog? Pretty hard to miss it. Tannin

 * I know hyenas are renowned for the clitoris, although the claim I seem to remember would have it that they're the only ones besides humans to have one, which may be exaggerated in light of the above quote. But it does get a mention in our article on them. -- John Owens 22:19 May 12, 2003 (UTC)

 * No, they certainly are not the only ones. They just have clitorises that are extremely large, as the article says 'penis-like'. Andre Engels 08:57 May 13, 2003 (UTC)

---

The name Kasper Bartholin appears to be originated from the Straight Dope article on this subject: I have redirected it to Caspar Bartholin. Does anyone know the right/canonical spelling of this? The Anome 08:11 27 May 2003 (UTC)

Hmm. A chunk of this is a too-close paraphrase of the Straight Dope article on this subject: I haven't got time to fix it right now: could someone else do so, please, preferably with cites from some other source? The Anome 08:14 27 May 2003 (UTC)

"This is becuase it in general, the female is not given a choice in regard to undergoing the operation, and therefore breaks fundamental human rights"

The exact same thing can be said about male circumsision! (replace "female" with "male"). The way that paragraph looks now suggets that unconsentingly circumsising a male is morally superior, or at least more justified for some reason, explain why. -- Rotem Dan 18:23 4 Jun 2003 (UTC)

"(for a cultural, rather than medical, nature)"

Now it may make it look like male circumsision is an essential medical procedure, however, that is highly disputed.

Another question, why would the clitoris be removed out of medical reasons? I guess there may be medical reasons, but I'm not aware of any. -- Rotem Dan 19:04 4 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * Clitoridectomy. That is all I have to say.  You can assume all you want, but it isn't talking about male circumsision :).  MB 19:10 4 Jun 2003 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks for the information, now I understand it wasn't comparing to male circumisision (which was not clear, by the way), I may slightly reword that.. -- Rotem Dan 21:33 4 Jun 2003 (UTC)

Is this graphic photograph REALLY something we want on Wikipedia? RickK 03:06 29 Jun 2003 (UTC)

I thought we'd reached an understanding that we'd link to it rather than have it on the page... though admittedly I haven't been following the debate too closely. Anyway, as the image was inserted by stealth (by someone who should know better) I've reverted it... Evercat 03:10 29 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * Just being bold. I thought the person(s) who objected were no longer contributing, b/c even a link was unacceptable.  It seemed to me that it was only a few people speaking loudly that cuased it's removal in the first place, and imho, we shouldn't remove it just to appease a few people.  So, I added it back, and waited to see if anyone complained.  There is obviously still some resistance to putting a perfectly innocent, perfectly appropriate photo illustration on this page.  I have a lot more I could say about the situation, but I will stop there.  MB 03:36 30 Jun 2003 (UTC)

Heh, that's fine, but I object to "test" as an edit summary in such a case. :-) Evercat 17:29 30 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * Well, that is what it was. Couldn't think of anything better at the time.  MB 17:53 30 Jun 2003 (UTC)

Should the pronounciation really be here? It really is more of a Wiktionary thing. - fonzy
 * For example, The World Book Encyclopedia does contain pronunciations of difficult article titles. --Damian Yerrick

And if you don't believe me about the pronunciations, I present the following evidence:

 * http://www.nohat.net/clitoris-oed.jpg
 * http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?clitoris

Nohat 05:29 9 Jul 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:Clitoris/Archive 1


text:
Penn

Penn may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Penn (film), 1954 Tamil film starring Vyjayanthimala
 * Penn (TV series), a 1991 Tamil mini-series
 * Penn (TV series), a 2006 Tamil-language soap opera
 * The Penn, or The Stylus, a would-be periodical owned and edited by Edgar Allan Poe

People

 * Penn (name), including lists of people with the surname and given name

Australia

 * Penn, South Australia

United Kingdom

 * Penn, Buckinghamshire, England
 * Penn, West Midlands, England

United States

 * Penn, North Dakota
 * Penn, Oregon
 * Pennsylvania
 * Penn, Pennsylvania
 * Penn Lake Park, Pennsylvania
 * Penn Township (disambiguation), several municipalities

Other uses

 * Penn (automobile), manufactured in Pittsburgh from 1910 until 1913
 * Penn Club of New York, in New York City
 * Penn Entertainment (Nasdaq: PENN), American operator of casinos and racetracks
 * Penn FC, a soccer club based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
 * Penn High School, Indiana, U.S.
 * Penn Racquet Sports, a ball manufacturer
 * Penn Reels, an American manufacturer of fishing tackle, a division of Jarden
 * University of Pennsylvania, U.S., usually known as "Penn" and sometimes as "UPenn"

title: Penn


text:
User:Rednblu/Creationism

Creationism is the position that the totality of the universe had its origin in the action of an uncreated being (a supernatural being, or creator). Creationism contrasts with the steady state theory of Uniformitarianism, the idea that the Universe has existed as it is now for an infinite time and will continue to exist for ever.

 ... something about the Big Bang might be appropriate here ...

The particular details of what was directly created, and in what order, vary from culture to culture according to their origin belief.

As applied to living things and the origin of life, creationism is the idea that God rapidly and independently formed every basic kind of animal, plant, and other living thing from inanimate materials. From then on, those creatures reproduce "after their own kind". This contrasts with spontaneous generation, the idea that living organisms are generated by decaying organic substances or other non-living matter. This also contrasts with exogenesis, the idea that the basic seeds of life came from somewhere off-planet, and gradually developed into forms adapted to Earth.

... say somthing about Gregor Mendel here, ... ... smoothly leading into something else about Louis Pasteur ...

People who believe in creationism generally reject the idea that "humans are simply another kind of animal", and typically believe that humans are somehow superior to all other living things. Living things, including humans, are often called "creatures" by those who believe in creation.

People who believe in creationism generally also believe that the creator intended some particular purpose or destiny for mankind. See eschatology for details.

title: User:Rednblu/Creationism


text:
Indianapolis International Airport

Indianapolis International Airport is an international airport located seven miles (11 km) southwest of downtown Indianapolis in Marion County, Indiana, United States. It is owned and operated by the Indianapolis Airport Authority. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021 categorized it as a medium hub primary commercial service facility. The airport has flights to over 40 destinations in the United States, Canada and Mexico.

The airport occupies 7700 acre in Wayne and Decatur townships in Marion County. IND is home to the second largest FedEx Express hub in the world; only the FedEx SuperHub in Memphis, Tennessee surpasses its cargo traffic. Additionally, because of FedEx's activity, IND consistently ranks among the top 10 busiest U.S. airports in terms of air cargo throughput. Republic Airways is also headquartered at the airport, and Allegiant Air maintains Indianapolis as a focus city.

The Indianapolis Air Route Traffic Control Center (ZID), one of 22 established FAA area control centers, is located on the airport property's north side.

Beginnings
Indianapolis Municipal Airport opened in 1931, replacing the older Stout Field as the primary city airport. The airport was initially built on about 320 acre of land in the southwestern edge of the city, with an additional 627 acre acres reserved for future expansions at the airport. In 1944, it was renamed Weir Cook Municipal Airport, after US Army Air Forces Col. Harvey Weir Cook of Wilkinson, Indiana, who became a flying ace during World War I with seven victories and died flying a P-39 over New Caledonia in World War II.

Since 1962, the airport has been owned and operated by the Indianapolis Airport Authority (IAA), an eight-member board with members appointed by the Mayor of Indianapolis and other officials from Marion, Hendricks, and Hamilton counties in central Indiana. In 1976, the board renamed the airport Indianapolis International Airport.

From 1957 to 2008, the passenger terminal was on the east side of the airfield off High School Road. This now-demolished facility was renovated and expanded many times, notably in 1968 (Concourses A & B), 1972 (Concourse D), and 1987 (Concourse C and the attached Parking Garage). This complex, along with the International Arrivals Terminal (opened in 1976) on the north side of the airfield (off Pierson Drive), was replaced by the Col. H. Weir Cook Terminal on November 12, 2008.

The April 1957 OAG shows 82 weekday departures: 24 Eastern, 22 TWA, 15 Delta, 11 American, 9 Lake Central and 1 Ozark. Eastern had a nonstop to Atlanta and one to Birmingham and TWA had two to LaGuardia; no other nonstops reached beyond Chicago, St. Louis, Memphis, Louisville and Pittsburgh. (Westward nonstops didn't reach beyond St. Louis until 1967; TWA started a JFK-IND-LAX 707 that year.) The first jets were TWA 880s in 1961.

Recent years
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, USAir (later US Airways) had a secondary hub in Indianapolis with non-stop jets to the West Coast, East Coast, and Florida and turboprop flights to cities around the Midwest. USAir peaked at 146 daily departures (including its prop affiliates), with 49% of all seats. USAir ended the hub in the late 1990s.

FedEx Express began their hub at the airport in 1988, with an expansion of the hub occurring ten years later. The hub employs around 4,000 people and has a sort capacity of nearly 100,000 packages per hour, making Indianapolis the largest FedEx hub in the world outside of their SuperHub in Memphis.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Indianapolis was a hub for then locally based ATA Airlines and its regional affiliate, Chicago Express/ATA Connection. After that airline entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in late 2004, operations at IND were cut, then eliminated in 2006. ATA's demise gave Northwest Airlines an opportunity to expand operations, making Indianapolis a focus city with mainline flights to the West Coast, East Coast, and the South. Northwest was later acquired by Delta Air Lines in 2008, and a decade later, Delta began service from Indianapolis to Paris in May 2018. This flight was the first ever non-stop transatlantic passenger flight out of Indianapolis. The flight, DL500, was suspended in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since then, the airport has been working to restore transatlantic service to Indianapolis, and in 2021, entered negotiations with British Airways to begin service to London in the summer of 2022, but ultimately failed.

In 1990, Air Canada began nonstop service from Indianapolis to Toronto Pearson International Airport, marking the first regularly scheduled international flight out of IND. Air Canada Jazz, which operated the flight from 2001, would be retired by Air Canada in 2012, and service to IND would continue under the new Air Canada Express brand.

In 1994, BAA USA was awarded a 10-year contract to manage the Indianapolis International Airport. The contract was extended three years but was later cut a year short at the request of the BAA. Private management ended on December 31, 2007, and control reverted to IAA. Also in 1994, United Airlines finished building its Indianapolis Maintenance Center at a cost of US$600 million. United later moved their maintenance operations to its sole maintenance hub located at San Francisco International Airport. Around 2006, runway 14/32 was shortened from 7604 ft to its present length because the south end was not visible from the new control tower. A new 1.2 e6sqft midfield passenger terminal, which cost $1.1 billion, opened in 2008 between the airport's two parallel runways, southwest of the previous terminal and the crosswind runway. A new FAA Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) and Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) building, the second tallest in the United States, opened in April 2006, the first component of the long-planned midfield complex. The Weir Cook Terminal itself opened for arriving flights on the evening of November 11, 2008, and for departures the following morning. HOK was its master designer, with AeroDesign Group (a joint venture of CSO Architects, SchenkelShultz Architecture, and ARCHonsortium) serving as the architect of record. Aviation Capital Management (Indianapolis), a subsidiary of BSA LifeStructures, was the airport's program manager. Hunt/Smoot Midfield Builders, a joint venture of Hunt Construction Group and Smoot Construction was the construction manager. Thornton Tomasetti was the terminal's structural engineer along with Fink, Roberts and Petrie. Syska Hennessy was the mechanical, electrical, & plumbing engineer. In 2021, a six-person panel of Indianapolis members of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) identified the Col. H. Weir Cook Terminal among the ten most "architecturally significant" buildings completed in the city since World War II.

A 162 acre, 22 MW solar farm is at the airport. It was the largest airport solar farm in the world when the second phase opened in 2014.

In August 2017, Allegiant Air announced it would open a $40 million aircraft base at the airport that would begin operations in February of the following year. The facility was to create 66 high-paying jobs by the end of year and house two Airbus aircraft.

Terminal
Indianapolis International Airport has a single terminal with two concourses and a total of 39 gates. The current terminal opened in 2008 and is named in honor of Col. Harvey Weir Cook. It was one of the first designed and built in the U.S. following the September 11 attacks. All international arrivals are processed in Concourse A.

 * Concourse A contains 20 gates.
 * Concourse B contains 19 gates.

Ground transportation
Eight rental car operations and the Ground Transportation Center (where information about limousine, shuttle bus, hotel courtesy vehicles and other transportation services such as IndyGo bus service can be obtained) are located on the first floor of the attached parking garage. All pick-ups and drop-offs of rental vehicles also occur here, eliminating the need for shuttling customers to and from individual companies' remote processing facilities. The five-floor parking garage covers 11 acre on each of its levels. It features a light-filled center atrium complete with a piece of suspended artwork and contains moving sidewalks to speed pedestrians into and out of the terminal building itself.

Accidents and incidents

 * On September 9, 1969, Allegheny Airlines Flight 853 on a Boston – Baltimore – Cincinnati – Indianapolis – St. Louis route, collided in midair with a Piper Cherokee during its descent over Fairland, Indiana, in Shelby County. The McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31 crashed into a cornfield near London, Indiana, killing all 78 passengers and 4 crew members on board. The student pilot who was flying the Cherokee was also killed.
 * On October 20, 1987, a United States Air Force A-7D Corsair II crashed into a Ramada Inn near the airport after the pilot was forced to eject due to an engine malfunction. Ten people were killed, nine of them hotel employees.

title: Indianapolis International Airport