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Royal Swedish Opera

Royal Swedish Opera (Kungliga Operan) is an opera and ballet company based in Stockholm, Sweden.

Location and environment
The building is located in the center of Sweden's capital Stockholm in the borough of Norrmalm, on the eastern side of Gustav Adolfs torg across from the former Arvfurstens Palats, now Ministry for Foreign Affairs. It lies on the north side of the Norrström river and is connected to the Royal Palace through the Norrbro bridge.

Further historically as well as architecturally important buildings in the close neighborhood are the Sager House, official residence of the Prime Minister of Sweden, and the Riksdag building.

History
The opera company was founded with the Royal Swedish Academy of Music by King Gustav III and its first performance, Thetis and Phelée with Carl Stenborg and Elisabeth Olin, was given on 18 January 1773; this was the first native speaking opera performed in Sweden.

But the first opera house was not opened until 1782 and served for a century before being replaced at the end of the 19th century. Both houses are officially called the "Royal Opera", however the terms "The Gustavian Opera" and "The Oscarian Opera", or the "Old" and "New" Opera are used when distinction is needed.

The Gustavian Opera
The original Stockholm Opera House, the work of architect Carl Fredrik Adelcrantz was commissioned by King Gustav III, a strong adherent of the ideal of an enlightened absolutism and as such was a great patron of the arts. The Swedish Opera company had first been located in Bollhuset, but there was a need to separate the Opera from the theatre and give them separate buildings. Construction began in 1775 and the theatre was inaugurated on 30 September 1782 with a performance of the German composer Johann Gottlieb Naumann's Cora och Alonzo. It was also the place for public masquerade balls, events inspired from the famous opera-balls in Paris, which was open for everyone wearing a mask at a cheap cost and somewhat ill-reputed.

The building was very imposing with its centre Corinthian tetrastyle portico supporting four statues and topped by the royal crown. The four-tiered auditorium was oval in shape, had excellent acoustics and sight lines. The sumptuous foyer contained neoclassic medallions and pilasters.

It was in the foyer of the opera house where the king met his fate: during a masquerade on 16 March 1792, he was shot by Jacob Johan Anckarström, and died 13 days later. (In turn, this event inspired the operas Gustave III by Daniel Auber and Un ballo in maschera by Verdi.) Following the assassination, the opera house was closed until 1 November 1792, when it was opened again, which by some was considered shocking. The son of Gustav III, King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, did not like the Opera, possibly because of the murder of his father, and disliked the fact that the scene of his father's murder was used as a place of amusement and leisure, and when a frivolous play was performed for his queen Frederica of Baden in 1806, he decided to close it down. It remained closed until 1809, and when the king was deposed, it took until May 1812, before it was organised enough to be fully opened again.

The Oscarian Opera, Operan
The old opera was demolished in 1892 to give way to the construction of a new Opera drawn by Axel Johan Anderberg, which was finished seven years later and inaugurated by King Oscar II with a production of a Swedish opera (that tradition having been quite firmly established during the 19th century), Franz Berwald's Estrella de Soria.

The new house had the letters ''Kungl. Teatern'', literally "Royal Theatre" (which caused the later-founded Royal Dramatic Theatre to add the distinction "dramatic" to its name). The building is now simply called Operan ("The Opera"), written in golden letters above the middle arch on the front facade. It is a majestic neo-classical building with a magnificent gold foyer (Guldfoajén) and elegant marble grand staircase leading to a three-tiered auditorium somewhat smaller than the old theatre. It presently seats 1,200. Most productions are now sung in the original language (with Swedish subtitles), with only a few in Swedish.

The Royal Swedish Family of King Carl XVI Gustaf keeps the Royal Box reserved, located in the first tier in the auditorium above the orchestra pit.

Ensembles, artists and artistic leadership
Famous singers who have been part of the opera's ensemble have included Jussi Björling, Gösta Winbergh, Nicolai Gedda, Peter Mattei, Jenny Lind, Birgit Nilsson, Elisabeth Söderström, Fritz Arlberg, Anne Sofie von Otter, Katarina Dalayman and Nina Stemme.

The orchestra of the Royal Swedish Opera, the Royal Swedish Orchestra, Kungliga Hovkapellet, dates back to 1526. Royal housekeeping accounts from 1526 mention twelve musicians including wind players and a timpanist but no string players. Consequently, the Royal Swedish Orchestra is one of the oldest orchestras in Europe.

Armas Järnefelt was on the music staff from 1905, rising to become chief conductor between 1923–1933 and 1938–1946. The Royal Swedish Ballet, Kungliga Baletten, was founded by Gustav III of Sweden in 1773.

The current general manager of the Royal Swedish Opera is the Swedish mezzo-soprano Birgitta Svendén. She is currently contracted in the post through 2022. In November 2020, the company announced the appointment of Michael Cavanagh as its next artistic director, effective in the summer of 2021, with an initial contract of 5 years. The company's most recent chief conductor was Lawrence Renes, who held the post from 2012 through 2017. In January 2020, Royal Swedish Opera announced the appointment of Alan Gilbert as its next music director, effective in the spring of 2021. Gilbert had first guest-conducted with the company in 2012.

title: Royal Swedish Opera


text:
User talk:Jogloran

Batman Bridge pic
Nice pic! I've been meaning to find one (or take one myself) but couldn't find a copyright-free one -- Chuq 06:42, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Ipod socks
Yo, this article could do with some of your expertise !! Ipod socks :) Enochlau 03:13, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)

all things hk on wikipedia
hmm interesting, sign up!! :) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:HK_wikipedians%27_notice_board Enochlau 00:39, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

C Sharp
"C# has no templates, but C# 2.0 has generics which are more powerful." Is that a load of hogwash (presuming that it means "more powerful" than templates)? (and why am i just about the only person writing on your talk page?) Enochlau 06:35, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

HKWNB, HKCOTW, Current events
Hi. Thanks for your contributions to some Hong Kong-related articles. You might be interested to take a look at HK wikipedians' notice board, HK Collaboration of the Week and Current events in Hong Kong and Macao. Happy editing! — Instantnood July 4, 2005 09:38 (UTC)

Featured_picture_candidates/Manly_Beach
Hey, please take a look at Featured_picture_candidates/Manly_Beach and cast your vote :) I don't mind if you oppose, just make sure it comes with reasons so I can improve for next time!!! Enochlau 02:41, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Hong Kong
"Culture is a little less strong than the other sections"... indeed, hkpop is not mentioned in the synopsis!! What a travesty!! Enochlau 03:21, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

FAC
Another FAC you might be interested in... Featured article candidates/Flag of Hong Kong -- Enochlau 13:11, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Vasco da Gama
An article that you've edited before (Vasco da Gama) is nominated for Article Improvement Drive. If you want go there and vote. Thanks. Gameiro 02:58, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Yehoshua Bar-Hillel
I see you added information about the pumping lemma and context free languages to this article. In the Hebrew language Wikipedia, the pumping lemma is also referred to as the Bar-Hillel lemma. Do you think it would be appropriate to add this information to either the Bar-Hillel article or the pumping lemma article? I don't know much about this science, but Bar-Hillel was my grandfather, and I like to maintain his article and link to it where appropriate. Thank you. --Woggly 07:45, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

Urgh!
My opinion of C just went down 10 notches. C trigraph. Enochlau 01:08, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Visual Basic Classic Wikibook
I see you have contributed to the Visual Basic article on Wikipedia. Any chance you would like to join in editing the wikibook: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programming:Visual_Basic_Classic? --Kjwhitefoot 08:53, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup tags
Note that the style of tagging a page is now preferred to the older. Enochlau 02:28, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Should say hi
after surfing here from Enoch's page, where I arrived randomly and said hello, I thought I should say hi to you too, also as a fellow wikipedian and usyd computer science student. So hi. Too tired now to say much more... been procrastinating filling out forms for hours now. --jnothman talk 15:54, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

CSS
It looks as if the body of the page has an id of 'contentSub'. Enochlau 23:15, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Damned vandal patrollers
Stoopid people who patrol recent changes :) Enochlau 08:39, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

RfA thanks
I would like to thank you for your support of my recent RfA. If you have any further comments or feedback for me, my door's open - don't hesistate to drop a note on my talk page. Happy editing! Enochlau 10:59, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

Talk:Kung hei fat choi
Someone left a note on me about this on my talk page; you might be interested in it too. They are considering whether to move Kung hei fat choi to Gong Xi Fa Cai! Enochlau 22:32, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
 * You might want to take a look at this as well: Talk:MTR. There's one overzealous Singaporean going around trying to rename everything. Enochlau 23:29, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

A poll!
Please take a look at Talk:Chinese New Years greetings/Poll if you've got time. Thanks. enochlau (talk) 23:04, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

Ahmed III
There's still a problem with the interaction of left-to-right and right-to-left characters in the first paragraph. The "in Arabic" and the Arabic characters are now separated by the birth and death dates. I would fix it, but I don't know how. What I did before was a cludge, although it did give the right results. Rbraunwa 04:26, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

Deletions
Maszu Piękny! Zapped them hard! If you have some time, you might want to read over WP:CSD; it'll save you the effort of going through AfD if you can speedy them. enochlau (talk) 14:16, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Sydney meetup
You might be interested in Meetup/Sydney. Quite harmless, I don't think the others bite. enochlau (talk) 05:06, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Apology to Jogloran
I thought you might appreciate this personal apology from me. It's just that I did know everyone and did not appreciate unexpected company. People can drop in any time to the meetings, it is just that you have to expect lag time while the others are attending to business. At any event, I was rude, and I did not want you to have that impression of me should we deal with each other next time. Enoch has a lot of friends, and I should expect they pop up in many places. I would want you to be nice to my friends, so it's only right I be nice to you. Or at least civil. I wasn't. I was short and crabby. Sincerely, --EuropracBHIT 08:24, 19 February 2006 (UTC).

Char siu
What do you reckon about this comment? enochlau (talk) 13:28, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Cantonese Wikipedia
http://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/

Success! enochlau (talk) 02:12, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Friedman test
An anon editor changed your math for this... can you verify that those edits are correct and maybe source them? It would jsut be bad if the article is incorrect. gren グレン 19:30, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

Jogloran,

it seems that the changes on December 15, 2005 were correct. Before, there was a simple typo: in the text you were talking about m rows and n columns, but in formulas you used r rows and s columns. On April 20, 2006 you have reverted the fix and reintroduced the typo. Would you like to go back and get rid of the typo?

Alex 18:15, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Replied on user page.

 * Thanks for the responsivness. Now it looks way better. And now - oh, now I can notice more problems, although minor. :)

 * 1) Unconventional notations:
 * 2) * This statistic Q is generally denoted by H (well, this is really minor).
 * 3) * SSt or SST is generally used to denote Total variation (Sum of Squares). Your SSt is what often called Between-Group variation, the notations used for it are like SSB, SSbg, SSmodel? forgot...
 * 4) * SSe or SSE is also taken: it is used for residual Error variation (aka not explained by model variation). Your SSe is actually a total variation, SSt would be appropriate here.
 * 5) In the case of non-parametric tests all the $${r_{ij}}$$ values are known: m groups of integers from 1 to n. Therefore SSe may be explicitly calculated: SSe = n(n+1)/12. This would bring the formula for Q to one of its traditional forms, 12SSbg/n(n+1).

 * Statistics is not my major and I am not going to edit the page. I also cannot recommend good references (:. To you, I can mention, for example, this link: http://faculty.vassar.edu/lowry/ch15a.html. But this is, probably, not a proper reference for the page.

Alex -- talk to me 08:01, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

David Morgan-Mar
Interesting. enochlau (talk) 14:08, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Only in Japan...
While we're on the topic of that cat, Image:HelloKittyBus.jpg enochlau (talk) 08:28, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Jimbo is coming to Sydney
Sorry to spam you if you aren't interested. See Meetup/Sydney for more info if you are interested. - Ta bu shi da yu 08:30, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Homeopathic dilutions
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Homeopathic dilutions, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process  because of the following concern:
 * Article appears to be original research/synthesis to advance a position

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Jogloran! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 22:07, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Tomoko Fuse -

Nomination of Chet Ramey for deletion
A discussion has begun about whether the article Chet Ramey, which you created or to which you contributed, should be deleted. While contributions are welcome, an article may be deleted if it is inconsistent with Wikipedia policies and guidelines for inclusion, explained in the deletion policy.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Chet Ramey until a consensus is reached, and you are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Msnicki (talk) 00:24, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

Sydney edit-a-thon invitation
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Jogloran


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User talk:Joeymwho

Greetings! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you have questions or doubts of any sort, do not hesitate to post them on the Village Pump, somebody will respond ASAP. Other helpful pages include: Have fun! --Jiang 05:03 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Joeymwho


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Johann Bernoulli

Johann Bernoulli (also known as Jean in French or John in English; 6 August 1667 – 1 January 1748) was a Swiss mathematician and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He is known for his contributions to infinitesimal calculus and educating Leonhard Euler in the pupil's youth.

Early life
Johann was born in Basel, the son of Nicolaus Bernoulli, an apothecary, and his wife, Margarethe Schongauer, and began studying medicine at University of Basel. His father desired that he study business so that he might take over the family spice trade, but Johann Bernoulli did not like business and convinced his father to allow him to study medicine instead. Johann Bernoulli began studying mathematics on the side with his older brother Jacob Bernoulli. Throughout Johann Bernoulli's education at Basel University, the Bernoulli brothers worked together, spending much of their time studying the newly discovered infinitesimal calculus. They were among the first mathematicians to not only study and understand calculus but to apply it to various problems. In 1690, he completed a degree dissertation in medicine, reviewed by Leibniz, whose title was De Motu musculorum et de effervescent et fermentation.

Adult life
After graduating from Basel University, Johann Bernoulli moved to teach differential equations. Later, in 1694, he married Dorothea Falkner, the daughter of an alderman of Basel, and soon after accepted a position as the professor of mathematics at the University of Groningen. At the request of his father-in-law, Bernoulli began the voyage back to his home town of Basel in 1705. Just after setting out on the journey he learned of his brother's death to tuberculosis. Bernoulli had planned on becoming the professor of Greek at Basel University upon returning but instead was able to take over as professor of mathematics, his older brother's former position. As a student of Leibniz's calculus, Bernoulli sided with him in 1713 in the Leibniz–Newton debate over who deserved credit for the discovery of calculus. Bernoulli defended Leibniz by showing that he had solved certain problems with his methods that Newton had failed to solve. Bernoulli also promoted Descartes' vortex theory over Newton's theory of gravitation. This ultimately delayed acceptance of Newton's theory in continental Europe.

In 1724, Johann Bernoulli entered a competition sponsored by the French Académie Royale des Sciences, which posed the question:

 * What are the laws according to which a perfectly hard body, put into motion, moves another body of the same nature either at rest or in motion, and which it encounters either in a vacuum or in a plenum?

In defending a view previously espoused by Leibniz, he found himself postulating an infinite external force required to make the body elastic by overcoming the infinite internal force making the body hard. In consequence, he was disqualified for the prize, which was won by Maclaurin. However, Bernoulli's paper was subsequently accepted in 1726 when the Académie considered papers regarding elastic bodies, for which the prize was awarded to Pierre Mazière. Bernoulli received an honourable mention in both competitions.

Disputes and controversy
Although Johann and his brother Jacob Bernoulli worked together before Johann graduated from Basel University, shortly after this, the two developed a jealous and competitive relationship. Johann was jealous of Jacob's position and the two often attempted to outdo each other. After Jacob's death, Johann's jealousy shifted toward his own talented son, Daniel. In 1738 the father–son duo nearly simultaneously published separate works on hydrodynamics. Johann attempted to take precedence over his son by purposely and falsely predating his work two years prior to his son's.

The Bernoulli brothers often worked on the same problems, but not without friction. Their most bitter dispute concerned the brachistochrone curve problem, or the equation for the path followed by a particle from one point to another in the shortest amount of time, if the particle is acted upon by gravity alone. Johann presented the problem in 1696, offering a reward for its solution. Entering the challenge, Johann proposed the cycloid, the path of a point on a moving wheel, also pointing out the relation this curve bears to the path taken by a ray of light passing through layers of varied density. Jacob proposed the same solution, but Johann's derivation of the solution was incorrect, and he presented his brother Jacob's derivation as his own.

Bernoulli was hired by Guillaume de l'Hôpital for tutoring in mathematics. Bernoulli and l'Hôpital signed a contract which gave l'Hôpital the right to use Bernoulli's discoveries as he pleased. L'Hôpital authored the first textbook on infinitesimal calculus, Analyse des Infiniment Petits pour l'Intelligence des Lignes Courbes in 1696, which mainly consisted of the work of Bernoulli, including what is now known as l'Hôpital's rule. Subsequently, in letters to Leibniz, Varignon and others, Bernoulli complained that he had not received enough credit for his contributions, in spite of the preface of his book:

"I recognize I owe much to the insights of the Messrs. Bernoulli, especially to those of the younger (John), currently a professor in Groningen. I did unceremoniously use their discoveries, as well as those of Mr. Leibniz. For this reason I consent that they claim as much credit as they please, and will content myself with what they will agree to leave me."

Works

title: Johann Bernoulli


text:
Galatian

Galatian may refer to:

 * Galatians (people)
 * Galatian language

title: Galatian


text:
User:Antifascism.org

I have dedicated my life to fighting fascist, authoritarian forms of government and society. Freedom libre is my idea of an ultimate good.

title: User:Antifascism.org


text:
User talk:Vicky407

Greetings! If you have questions or doubts of any sort, do not hesitate to post them on the Village Pump, somebody will respond ASAP. Other helpful pages include: Have fun! --Jiang 05:13 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)
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User talk:Whyfran

Greetings! If you have questions or doubts of any sort, do not hesitate to post them on the Village Pump, somebody will respond ASAP. Other helpful pages include: Have fun! --Jiang 05:13 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)
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Ulrich Molitor

Ulrich Molitor (also Molitoris) (c. 1442 – before 23 December 1507) was a lawyer who wrote a treatise offering qualified support, joined to clarifications and methodological critiques derived Canon Law, to the recent witch-phobic efforts by Heinrich Kramer represented in Krämer's then-recently-published manual for the interrogation and prosecution of witchcraft Malleus Maleficarum.

Molitor maintains the tradition held in the Canon Episcopi that attendance of black masses in which Satan is adored and sexually worshipped are hallucinated episodes or dreams, but does not otherwise oppose or refute the existence of witchcraft. He counsels against the admission of confessions extracted by torture in court since this sort of testimony is often false. Molitor's work, De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus, was first published in 1489, three years after the first edition of Kramer's work, Malleus Maleficarum, and both books were reprinted frequently throughout the 1490s. Moliter was likely to have personally witnessed the inquisitions led by Heinrick Kramer in the diocese of Brixen and the diocese of Constance.

Molitor's work is written in the form of a dialogue with Molitor's position that of a skeptic in opposition to a witch-phobic fanatic (likely meant to represent Kramer). A third figure, Archduke Sigismund, acts as a wise arbiter. Molitor's position is that of the ancient and long-held traditional Catholic law, the Canon Episcopi(906), that considered witchcraft an illusion. Molitor quotes the Bible, Church Fathers and poets and focusses on the devil's ability to deceive. Sigismund in the dialogue is quick to dismiss evidence that was produced through the use of torture: "For the fear of punishments incites men to say what is contrary to the nature of the facts". Sigismund had also experienced an inquisition led by Kramer in Innsbruck in 1485 and may have played a decisive role in shutting it down, thereby preventing seven accused women from being executed.

The density of illustrations, along with the conceit of a dramatic dialogue included in the work indicate that it was intended for popular consumption and not solely as a work of legal or juridical criticism.

Editions

 * Molitoris, Ulrich, Schriften, ed. Jörg Mauz SJ [Studien zur Kulturgeschichte 1) (Constance, 1997)
 * Molitor, Ulrich, Von Unholden und Hexen, New edition, annotated and translated into modern German, UBooks 2008

title: Ulrich Molitor


text:
Talk:Wan Chai District

Spelling
The spelling on this page is inconsistent. It should be either "Wan Chai" throughout, or "Wanchai" throughout, but instead, it swaps back and forth. I have no idea which one is right. --Tb 05:15 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * Wan Chai and Wanchai are both right. Both are used in Hong Kong.  But I guess Wan Chai is the offical name. Wshun

Doesn't matter to me. :) That means there are three possibilities: pick one version and use it consistently, or start off with "Wan Chai, or Wanchai, is ..." --Tb 05:33 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Not a tourist agent
Wikipedia is not a tourist agent. Simply a link to website containing information on hotels and bars are enough. No need to write it here. Wshun

Admiralty
Admiralty is in the C&W district. Should clarify the difference between Wanchai as a place, and Wanchai district convering Wanchai, Causeway Bay, Happy Valley, Jardine's Lookout, etc.

History
I remember back when I was a little kid, Wan Chai was famous for the presence of many sailors whenever the 7th fleet of the US Navy had a shore leave in Hong Kong. Generations of American sailors probably remember Wan Chai quite different from what is described in this article. What I means is that the article is missing a major piece of history shared by many Americans. This article reads more like a government description from the district brochure from the city council than an encyclopedia materia. Kowloonese 23:14, August 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Information specifically about Wan Chai the area is in another article. :-) — Instantnood 13:09, August 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * My bad! I should have read carefully.  Kowloonese 18:48, August 15, 2005 (UTC)

Rewrite
This page should be a general page about Wan Chai, Wan Chai North, Causeway Bay, Happy Valley ad Tai Hang. Too little useful information is included in the page, lacking comprehensiveness. Some contents are even a bit subjective. New York City would be a very good example to follow, so as to tidy up this entry. -- Jerry Crimson Mann 10:54, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:Wan Chai District Council Logo.svg
File:Wan Chai District Council Logo.svg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a non-free use rationale. Using one of the templates at Non-free use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

-- Marchjuly (talk) 00:51, 5 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wan Chai District


text:
Wong Tai Sin District

Wong Tai Sin District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. It is the only landlocked district in Hong Kong. It is located in Kowloon, and is the northernmost district in Kowloon. It borders the districts of Kwun Tong to its southeast, Kowloon City to its southwest, Sai Kung to its east, and Sha Tin to its north.

Geography
The district contains the areas of Diamond Hill, Wang Tau Hom, Lok Fu, Chuk Yuen, Wong Tai Sin, Tsz Wan Shan, Fung Wong, Ngau Chi Wan, Choi Hung and Choi Wan, an area that includes several major public housing estates.

Demographics
Wong Tai Sin District has a population of 444,630 (2001 figures). The district has the least educated residents with the lowest income, the oldest residents and the second highest population density. Over 85% of the district's residents live in public housing.

Religion
The district derives its name from the Wong Tai Sin Temple, dedicated to Wong Tai Sin, which is located there. The district is also the location of the Chi Lin Nunnery, built in the Tang dynasty style, a popular tourist attraction.

Education
Schools in Wong Tai Sin District include:
 * Our Lady's Primary School, established in 1953
 * Wong Tai Sin Catholic Primary School, established in 1962.
 * Bishop Walsh Primary School, established in 1963.
 * Baptist Rainbow Primary School, established in 1984.

Transport
Wong Tai Sin is served by Lung Cheung Road and the Kwun Tong line of the MTR metro system. The stations are Lok Fu, Wong Tai Sin, Diamond Hill and Choi Hung. Diamond Hill is also a station of Tuen Ma line. The old airport was located just this district.

title: Wong Tai Sin District


text:
Talk:Adrian Edmonson

 * Are images okay on bio pages? - sugarfish 05:17 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Ade Edmondson which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 09:46, 22 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Adrian Edmonson


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Sham Shui Po

Sham Shui Po is an area of Kowloon, Hong Kong, situated in the northwestern part of the Kowloon Peninsula, north of Tai Kok Tsui, east of Cheung Sha Wan and south of Shek Kip Mei (石硤尾). It is located in and is the namesake of the Sham Shui Po District.

A predominately lower-income neighborhood, Sham Shui Po is one of the densest and most vibrant neighbourhoods in Hong Kong. It has a diverse mix of migrants from rural China, working-class families and seniors, with many living in cage homes, subdivided flats and public housing estates. Sham Shui Po has many lively street markets, electronics outlets, fabric stores, restaurants and food vendors. It is famous for Golden Computer Shopping Arcade for bargain electronics and accessories.

History
The discovery in 1955 of the Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb indicates that as early as 2000 years ago there were Chinese people settled in what is now Sham Shui Po. Sham Shui Po means "Deep Water Pier" in Cantonese. At the time, the water in Sham Shui Po was deeper than the beach of Cheung Sha Wan to the northwest. It is close to the former peninsula of Tai Kok Tsui, the low ridge of which ends in Sham Shui Po.

At the time of the 1911 census, the population of Sham Shui Po was 1,577. The number of males was 1,028.

In the first stage, the town of Sham Shui Po was bounded by Yen Chow Street, Tung Chau Street, Wong Chuk Street, and Apliu Street. Part of the town was on reclamation land. The town was surrounded by the villages of Un Chau, Tin Liu, and Tong Mei. A nullah along Nam Cheong Street was constructed to drain the water of rivers to the north and east (which explains the street's wideness). The town was closed to Cosmopolitan Dock on the outer shore of Tai Kok Tsui.

Under Japanese occupation, a concentration camp was maintained here for most of the duration of the Second World War. An account of life by a British POW has been published as The Hard Way: Surviving Shamshuipo POW Camp 1941–45 by Victor Stanley Ebbage (Spellmount, 2011).

Land use
As Sham Shui Po was one of the earliest developed areas in Hong Kong, it was once a commercial, industrial and transportation hub of the territory. As of 2003, Sham Shui Po is covered mainly by residential buildings, with public housing estates built on approximately 810000 m2 of land. Factories and warehouses are still concentrated mainly in Cheung Sha Wan.

It is connected to the MTR rail network via the Sham Shui Po station on the Tsuen Wan line.

Urban renewal
Sham Shui Po is an area where urban decay is serious in Hong Kong, so the government is carrying out urban renewal projects.

In July 2003 the Hong Kong Housing Society (HKHS) announced that its first urban renewal project would be to improve the living environment at Po On Road/Wai Wai Road in Sham Shui Po. Covering an area of 2436 m2 and affecting approximately 500 households, this project will provide 330 residential flats and some retail units. Government, institutional and community facilities will also be erected for the community. This development will require the HKHS to acquire about 157 properties, costing an estimated HK$240 million. The total development cost of the project is about HK$720 million. To promote creative tourism in old Hong Kong districts of Wan Chai and Sham Shui Po Hong Kong Design Centre unveiled a budget of $60 Million.

Shopping

The street market in Sham Shui Po is a hotspot for both locals and tourists.

The Apliu Street market is well known in Hong Kong for its electronics. The vendors in this open-air street market sell a wide variety of products at reasonable prices, allowing individuals to trade second-hand goods here. Different shops sell a variety of goods including industrial electronics, analogue and digital radio communications equipment, disco effects equipment, crockery, 1940s-era radios, LPs, torches, and audiophile hi-fi amplifiers in various stages of repair. The Hong Kong government promotes Apliu Street as Hong Kong's answer to Akihabara (in Japan).

Golden Computer Centre is one of the major malls selling computer-related equipment (see next section).

The annual Hong Kong computer fair held in the streets of Sham Shui Po attracts a large crowd.

The market on Ki Lung Street is also famous for its fresh food and cheap prices. In the early 1990s, the Hong Kong government rebuilt the market and also added air conditioning.

There are numerous fashionwear wholesalers along Cheung Sha Wan Road. On weekends, some shops allow retail purchases, offering quality clothes at very affordable prices.

Nam Cheong Street and Ki Lung Street are most famous for their fabric stores, containing cloth, sash, ribbons and buttons.

Golden Shopping Centre

Once infamous for counterfeit software but today considered one of the cheapest places in Hong Kong to purchase a personal computer, the Golden Shopping Centre is a prominent IT shopping centre. Products range from complete systems, cell phones, to various peripherals. Unlike purely consumer-oriented IT shopping centres, Golden features several stores specializing in professional and esoteric network equipment.

The Golden Shopping Centre is also known for the number of video game stores it contains, where people purchase gaming systems, software and accessories at either a slightly discounted price, or in special in-store packages which might include an extra game or extra accessories. Since the halls are extremely narrow, it is often very congested, especially on weekends. The mall has two floors. The upper floor, Golden Computer Centre, mainly sells games and gaming software, while the lower floor, Golden Computer Arcade , focuses on the sales of computer-oriented hardware. They were originally fashion markets named "Golden Shopping Centre" and "Golden Shopping Arcade" respectively.

Influence on Hong Kong's Internet culture
In late 1990s, when the Internet started becoming popular, the shop owners of the Golden Computer Centre launched a website to post the prices of computer hardware and software. Later, a forum known as HKGolden was set up on the website, which later became one of the largest Internet forums in Hong Kong.

Dragon Centre
Dragon Centre is a nine-storey shopping centre. It was the largest shopping centre in West Kowloon until Elements opened its doors above the Kowloon MTR station.

Local Delicacies
As Sham Shui Po is usually regarded as one of the poorest and oldest districts in Hong Kong, it is well known for people to find cheap and local food in Sham Shui Po. A lot of local restaurants are located in Fuk Wa Street, Fuk Wing Street, Pei Ho Street and Kweilin Street. Some of the famous restaurants include Kung Wo Beancurd Factory, Wai Kee Noodle Cafe, Man Kee Cart Noodle and Kwan Kee Store, which are highly praised for their soy milk and pudding, pork liver noodles, cart noodles and traditional puddings respectively.

Streets
Streets and roads in Sham Shui Po include:
 * Apliu Street
 * Boundary Street
 * Castle Peak Road
 * Cheung Sha Wan Road
 * Fuk Wa Street – street market with numerous stalls selling varieties of goods like old books and clothes. It spans from Castle Peak Road to Tai Po Road. Unlike the names of streets nearby, it does not follow the place names in China. Its name means blessing (fuk, ) and prosperous (wa, ).
 * Fuk Wing Street – Toy Street in Hong Kong. Unlike the names of streets nearby, it does not follow the place names in China. Its name means blessing and glorious.
 * Ki Lung Street
 * Lai Chi Kok Road
 * Nam Cheong Street
 * Pei Ho Street
 * Tai Po Road
 * Tonkin Street
 * Yen Chow Street
 * Un Chau Street

Historic buildings

 * Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb
 * Lui Seng Chun
 * North Kowloon Magistracy. In 2008, the building was part of the seven buildings of Batch I of the Hong Kong Government's Revitalising Historic Buildings Through Partnership Scheme seeking adaptive reuse of government-owned historic buildings. This building was used by the Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) as its Hong Kong campus from 2010 until 2020.
 * Sam Tai Tsz Temple and Pak Tai Temple Complex
 * Sham Shui Po Police Station
 * Ex-Sham Shui Po Service Reservoir

Education
The district is home to several prestigious schools, including
 * San Wui Commercial Society YMCA of Hong Kong Christian School
 * St. Francis of Assisi's English Primary School
 * St. Margaret's Co-educational English Secondary and Primary School
 * Tsung Tsin Primary School And Kindergarten, among others.

Sham Shui Po is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 40. Within the school net are multiple aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money) and two government schools: Fuk Wing Street Government Primary School and Li Cheng Uk Government Primary School.

Other facilities

 * Lei Cheng Uk Swimming Pool
 * Precious Blood Hospital (Caritas)
 * Nam Cheong Park
 * Sham Shui Po Park
 * Sham Shui Po Park Swimming Pool
 * Shek Kip Mei Park
 * Tung Chau Street Park
 * Public housing estates in Sham Shui Po
 * Yen Chow Street Hawker Bazaar

Notable people
Ladies World Snooker champion Ng On-yee grew up in the area, and learned the game at her father's snooker hall there.

title: Sham Shui Po


text:
Kwun Tong

Kwun Tong is an area in the Kwun Tong District of Hong Kong, situated at the eastern part of the Kowloon Peninsula, and its boundary stretches from Lion Rock in the north to Lei Yue Mun in the south, and from the winding paths of Kowloon Peak in the east to the north coast of the former Kai Tak Airport runway in the west.

One of the first new towns in Hong Kong, Kwun Tong was, and remains, a major industrial area. Its population has been growing rapidly, and the demand for housing, medical and educational facilities and services has been increasing. In view of this, a number of community development projects, such as the redevelopment of old housing estates and the construction of major parks, have been implemented in recent years. These projects have incorporated a wide range of supporting facilities, like primary and secondary schools, clinics, community centres and open spaces. All these facilities have brought about a new face to the Kwun Tong District, making it a more comfortable place for the people to live.

History

The Chinese name of Kwun Tong ("觀塘") was formerly written as "官塘" (transcribed as Koon Tong in Cantonese Yale). Despite the identical pronunciation of these two names in Cantonese, they have different meanings. "官塘" literally means Mandarin Pond, which was allegedly named after the Koon Fu salt yards (官富鹽場) set up by the government to secure central administration of the salt trade and prevent unauthorised salt preparation and trading starting from Song Dynasty. In those days, there were many salt yards around Kwun Tong, whose long coastline stretched to as far as Kowloon Bay and To Kwa Wan in the west. Troops were stationed here to monitor the salt yards' operation. Despite the government's close watch, illegal salt trade was still active on Lantau Island. When it was discovered by the officials, a full-scale crackdown was initiated. The Lantau villagers instigated an all-out uprising of salt farmers, leading finally to a major civil riot.

Antiques and coins traced back to northern song dynasty and southern song dynasty were discovered in neighbouring Kowloon city district and Wong tai sin dynasty, however, there were not such antiques and coins unearthed in Kwun Tong district.

According to other stories, Kwun Tong was a typhoon shelter for the Kowloon Water Police, which made it an important political and defence point of southereastern Kowloon. Black Hill (Ng Kwai Shan), which today rises up behind Lam Tin Estate, was known as Koon Fu Hill (官富山) at that time.

In the 1950s, when Kwun Tong was being developed as a satellite town, the local residents disliked the word Koon (官), which literally means official or government, and they persuaded the Hong Kong government to change the place name to Kwun Tong (觀塘), which literally means viewing a pond. The development of Kwun Tong spearheaded the construction and planning of new towns in the New Territories, although the first project was limited in scope and did not share the features of self-contained communities like the later ones.

Town centre

 * Yue Man Square (裕民坊) is the heart of the town. Most of the banks' branches are located on this road. The Government District Office is located at the eastern end of Yue Man Square. More than 20 franchised bus and public mini-bus routes pass through or stop at this road. Yue Man Square is presently being demolished and replaced by a shopping centre by the Urban Renewal Authority.
 * Mut Wah Street (物華街) is also called "Golden Street" because there were nearly 10 jewelry shops. It is most famous for the armed-robbery by Yip Kai-Fuen (葉繼歡) when he used an AK-47 assault rifle to rob 5 of the jewelry shops in 1992.
 * Shui Wo Street (瑞和街) is a market street. It is also home to the Shui Wo Street Complex, which houses an indoor market, a public library, and a sports hall.
 * Hip Wo Street (協和街) has the one and only hospital in Kwun Tong, namely United Christian Hospital, at 130 Hip Wo Street.
 * Hong Ning Road (康寧道) is the "Mid-Levels" of Kwun Tong. The headquarters of Hong Kong Police Force Sau Mau Ping Division is at 200 Hong Ning Road, near Sau Mau Ping. It is also home to Hong Ning Road Park, one of the largest parks in the area.
 * Tsui Ping Road (翠屏道) is located in Kwun Tong. Tsui Ping Estate. Kwun Tong Maryknoll College is located at 100 Tsui Ping Road.
 * Yuet Wah Street (月華街) is located in Kwun Tong. Wo Lok Estate is situated here.
 * Kwun Tong Road (觀塘道) is the main road that leads into and out of the Kwun Tong district. Kwun Tong MTR station is directly above this road. Kwun Tong's latest shopping mall, apm, is situated on this road next to Kwun Tong MTR station.
 * apm Millennium City 5 is one of the largest shopping centres in East Kowloon, with its slogan "Play More Sleep Less".

Industrial area
Kwun Tong was one of the minor residential areas in Hong Kong, with factories having been built there since the 1950s. The industrial area has since then expanded to Kowloon Bay and Yau Tong. Since the manufacturing sector of Hong Kong is in decline, many factories have been torn down and commercial buildings are being constructed to replace them.

In recent years, the government has started to re-develop the coastal area of Kwun Tong to correspond with the re-development of the Kai Tak district. A promenade and a park has been built along the coast near Kwun Tong Pier.

Residential area
The residential areas in Kwun Tong are mainly located in lower Kwun Tong, to the northeast of Kwun Tong Road.

Locations
Kwun Tong is situated at the eastern part of the Kowloon Peninsula, and its boundary stretches from Lion Rock in the north to Lei Yue Mun in the south, and from the winding paths of Kowloon Peak in the east to the north coast of the Airport (Kai Tak) runway in the west.

Economy
Gammon Construction has its head office in Kwun Tong. It occupies 36,900 sqft of space there. It moved from Quarry Bay circa 2019.

Citibank (Hong Kong) has its head office at One Bay East.

Link REIT has its head office at The Quayside (海濱匯) in Kwun Tong.

Schools

 * Kwun Tong Government Secondary School
 * Ning Po College

Transport
Kwun Tong is served by the Kwun Tong station of MTR's Kwun Tong line.

Roads that are serving the area include:
 * Kwun Tong Road
 * Tate's Cairn Tunnel
 * Kwun Tong Bypass
 * Eastern Harbour Crossing
 * Tseung Kwan O Tunnel

Kwun Tong Pier used to be a major transport hub for cross-harbour passengers until the opening of the MTR and the Eastern Harbour Crossing. Today, ferry services to Sai Wan Ho and North Point are still available.

KMB bus terminus serving the area include:
 * Elegance Road Bus Terminus (觀塘雅麗道巴士總站): 13M, 95M
 * Yue Man Square Bus Terminus (觀塘裕民坊巴士總站): 3D, 16M, 17, 101, 101R, 101X, N3D
 * Kwun Tong Ferry Pier Bus Terminus (觀塘碼頭巴士總站): 11D, 23, 40P, 55, 69C, 74B, 74C, 74D, 74E, 74F, 74P, 74X, 80, 80A, 80P, 80X, 83A, 83X, 93A, 258X, 259S, 268A, 268C, 269C, 269S, 274X, T74, X89D
 * Tsui Ping Road Bus Terminus (觀塘翠屏道巴士總站): 11B, 89C, 89X
 * Kwun Tong Station Bus Terminus (觀塘鐵路站巴士總站): 16M, 89, 89B, 98B, 234C, 234D

Following some recent redevelopment plans in Kwun Tong, the Yuet Wah Street Bus Terminus is about to be demolished, and the routes originally terminating there will be moved to the New Kwun Tong Station Bus Terminus and Yue Man Square Bus Terminus.

Located near the area is the former Kai Tak Airport, which is currently the site of a large cruise terminal, opened in 2013.

title: Kwun Tong


text:
Yuen Long District

Yuen Long District (formerly romanised as Un Long) is one of the districts of Hong Kong. Located in the northwest of the New Territories, it had a population of 662,000 in 2021.

Geography
Yuen Long District contains the largest alluvial plain in Hong Kong, the Yuen Long-Kam Tin plain. With an area of 144 km2 (56 square miles), the district covers many traditional villages including Ping Shan Heung, Ha Tsuen Heung, Kam Tin Heung, Fung Kat Heung, Pat Heung, San Tin Heung and Shap Pat Heung, as well as Yuen Long Town and Tin Shui Wai.

Two new towns have been developed within this district. Yuen Long New Town was developed from the traditional market town of Yuen Long Town from the late 1970s. Tin Shui Wai New Town has developed since the early 1990s and is built on land reclaimed from former fish ponds once common in the district.

History
According to archaeological findings, there were inhabitants settled in the district around 3,500 years ago. The ruling clan of the Tang Clan lived there in Kam Tin. Like Tai Po, Yuen Long used to be a traditional market town.

In 1898 the area of the modern day Yuen Long District was leased to the colonial British Hong Kong government by the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory. A 6 days war was broke out between the British army and the militia from Tang and other villages. The iron doors of the walled villages of Tang were looted to UK as spoils of war. They are returned to Tang later, but according to urban legends, the mixed up which doors belongs to which walled villages, nowadays the two sides of the door of Kat Hing Wai are not identical in design.

After the war, the colonial government had established a different approach to administrate the New Territories, which established the district office. Yuen Long was under the District Office North headquartered in Tai Po. A branch office was later stationed in Yuen Long permanently.

The history of the modern day Yuen Long administrative district (despite a few government departments does not map their service area according to the boundary of the District) can be trace back to Yuen Long District Office (previously known as now known as  of Home Affairs Department; English name unchanged) of the "New Territories Administration" department of the British colonial government. A reform was held in 1980s that not only the New Territories has their District Offices, but whole HK is grid into Districts, with formal election was held for the councillors of the District Councils. The latest election of the Yuen Long District Council was held in 2019 and scheduled to be held again in 2023.

Special festivals
The Tin Hau Festival is on the 23rd of the third month of the lunar calendar. It celebrates the birth of a local deity, Tin Hau. During the day, residents from various walled villages set off at Fung Cheung Road, go via Kau Yuk Road and the Yuen Long Stadium, and end at Tai Shu Ha Tin Hau Temple, which has a 300-year history.

Cuisine

 * Poon choi (盤菜)
 * Sweetheart cake (老婆餅)

Hong Kong Wetland Park
Hong Kong Wetland Park (香港濕地公園) is located at the northern part of Tin Shui Wai. It was intended to be an ecological mitigation area (EMA) for the wetlands lost due to Tin Shui Wai New Town development. In 1998, a project named as "International Wetland Park and Visitor Centre Feasibility Study" was initiated by the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department and the Hong Kong Tourism Board with a view to expanding the EMA to a wetland ecotourism attraction. After concluding that it was feasible to develop a wetland park at the EMA site without compromising its intended ecological mitigation functions and the development of the Wetland Park will also enhance the ecological function of the EMA to a world-class conservation, education and tourism facility, the concerned parties started the Wetland Park Project, which is regarded as one of the Millennium projects by the Administrations.

Kat Hing Wai
Kat Hing Wai (吉慶圍) in Kam Tin is one of the Yuen Long's best-known walled villages. It is the ancestral home of the Tangs, one of the "Five Great Clans" in the territory. Built by the Tangs 500 years ago, it is a rectangular walled village with an area of 100 metres by 90 metres. As a family stronghold, Kat Hing Wai has served the Tangs well through centuries. In the Qing Dynasty, a five-metre high blue brick wall and four cannon towers were added to defend bandits.

Route: Tuen Ma line Kam Sheung Road station or KMB routes 54, 64K and 77K

Nam Sang Wai
Nam Sang Wai (南生圍) covers a roughly triangular area. It is bordered by the Shan Pui River in the west, separating it from Yuen Long Industrial Estate, the Kam Tin River in the east and a branch of the Kam Tin River in the south. It is home to many birds, including seagulls, Northern Pintails (Anas acuta), Yellow-nib Ducks (Anas poecilorhyncha) and Black-faced Spoonbills (Platalea minor). Flora includes reeds and mangroves.

Mai Po Marshes
Mai Po Marshes (米埔) is located in the centre of the wetland and has achieved international significance as a stopping and feeding place for migratory birds along the East Asian-Australian Flyway. The birdwatching season runs from October to May and more than 300 types of birds have been recorded in the area, many of them are rarely seen anywhere outside the region.

Visitors may go to Mai Po via the following ways:
 * From Central or Causeway Bay take route 968 to Yuen Long (West) Bus terminal, then change taxi.
 * From Sheung Shui station, take Bus 76K or red minibus 17 to Mai Po village, then walk to the Marsh (about 20 minutes).

On 30 January 2004, the government suspended public visits to the Mai Po wetland reserve as a supposed measure to protect people from the avian flu (H5N1).

Ping Shan Heritage Trail
Ping Shan Heritage Trail (屏山文物徑), inaugurated on 12 December 1993, was designed to link several historic buildings and monuments owned by the Tang clan in Ping Shan (including Tsui Sing Lau Pagoda 聚星樓 and Tang Ancestral Hall 鄧氏宗祠) by a 1 km trail.

Route: LRT Ping Shan stop, Hang Mei Tsuen stop or West Rail line Tin Shui Wai station

Tai Fu Tai
Tai Fu Tai Mansion (大夫第) in San Tin was probably built in 1865 in the reign of the Qing Dynasty. It is a richly embellished residence situated on a spacious ground, with a large open space in the front and a garden at the back. The whole compound is surrounded by a green-brick wall. It is a fine example of traditional Chinese dwellings of the scholar-gentry class and is certainly one of the most elegant buildings throughout the territory.

Route: KMB Bus 76K to San Tin

Tai Lam Country Park
Tai Lam Country Park sits in the western New Territories with an area of 54 km2. Tai Lam has a small area of porphyry in the northeast; for the remaining area, it is composed of highly erodible decomposed granite. In 1952, afforestation started as a measure to protect the water catchment area. In spite of the poor soil conditions and the setbacks of fire damage over the years, mature stands of Acacia confusa, Lophostemon confertus, Pinus massoniana, Pinus elliottii and Eucalyptus species now cover most of the area. In addition, the plantations also offer a good habitat for birds, pangolins, Chinese leopard cat, and barking deer. Nevertheless, Tai Lam is an excellent place for outdoor activities because of its remoteness.

Yuen Long Park
Yuen Long Park (元朗市鎮公園) is a park at Yuen Long Town with recreational facilities. There is a 7-storey pagoda enclosing an aviary, which has become a landmark of Yuen Long.

Route: LRT Shui Pin Wai stop, LWB bus E34 or KMB Bus 68X, 268B, 268C, 268X, 269D, 276, 276P, B1, 68E (get off the bus at Yuen Long Park.)

Leisure and cultural facilities

 * Yuen Long Theatre was opened in May 2000. This modern performing arts venue has become a centre for the arts in the New Territories northwest. The Theatre is situated at Yuen Long Tai Yuk Road in the vicinity of Yuen Long Park, Yuen Long Stadium and the Public Swimming Pool. The bamboo courtyard is a focus within the foyer, which creates an ambiance of serenity and tranquility.
 * Yuen Long Town Hall is located in Kau Yuk Road, near Yuen Long Police Station. It is to organise courses and leisure activities. There is also study room.
 * Yuen Long Swimming Pool is situated at Tai Yuk Road. There are 5 Standard swimming pools for four seasons.
 * Tin Shui Wai Swimming Pool and Tin Shui Wai Sports Centre are situated at 1 Tin Pak Road. There are 3 swimming pools for four seasons and a children swimming pool opened during summer.
 * Yuen Long Public Library is on the first floor of Yuen Long Government Offices, 2 Kiu Lok Square, Yuen Long.
 * Ping Shan Tin Shui Wai Public Library is at Ping Shan Tin Shui Wai Leisure and Cultural Building, 1 Tsui Sing Road, Tin Shui Wai.
 * TSW Pegasus and Yuen Long District SA are both football teams based in Yuen Long Stadium.

Transport

Located in the northwest of the New Territories, Yuen Long has a well-developed public transport network. It is easily accessible from different parts of Hong Kong by bus, mini-bus or railway.

 * Bus services provided by Kowloon Motor Bus, Citybus and MTR
 * Tuen Ma line and Light Rail services provided by MTR
 * Public light buses
 * Taxis, including the New Territories taxis (green taxis) and public taxis (public taxis).

The Hong Kong–Shenzhen Western Corridor bridge (深港西部通道) is the fourth cross-border route between Hong Kong and mainland China. It was completed and opened in 2007, and is 5.5 km long. It starts at Ngau Hom Shek (鰲磡石), located at the northwest of Yuen Long, and ends in Shekou, a harbour port located in Shenzhen.

Education

 * List of schools in Yuen Long District

title: Yuen Long District


text:
Tai Po District

Tai Po District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. The suburban district covers the areas of Tai Po New Town (including areas such as Tai Po Market, Tai Po Old Market, Tai Po Industrial Estate, Tai Wo Estate), Tai Po Tau, Tai Po Kau, Hong Lok Yuen, Ting Kok, Plover Cove, Lam Tsuen Valley, Tai Mei Tuk and other surrounding areas, and its exclaves Sai Kung North, in the northern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula and including islands such as Grass Island (Tap Mun), and Ping Chau (Tung Ping Chau). Tai Po proper and Sai Kung North are divided by the Tolo Channel and the Tolo Harbour (Tai Po Hoi). The district is located in the Eastern New Territories. The de facto administrative centre of the district is Tai Po New Town.

Like Yuen Long, the area of Tai Po used to be a traditional market town. Tai Po New Town, a satellite town, developed around the area of Tai Po and on reclaimed land on the estuaries of Lam Tsuen and Tai Po rivers. It had a population of 310,879 in 2001. The district has the third lowest population density in Hong Kong.

History
The district is named after Tai Po. Tai Po's population dates back to the eleventh century, people would make sufficient money by clamming, pearl harvesting, and fishing. In Yuen Chau Tsai, stone axe and pottery have been discovered which were believed to be made in Neolithic era.

Tai Po was the seat of the district officers that oversaw the whole of the New Territories with Island House as their official residence. The Island House was completed in 1906, 8 years after the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory. The New Territories was later split into the District North and South (Not to be confused with modern-day Northern District and Southern District of Hong Kong), as well as New Kowloon in 1937. Tai Po remained as the headquarters of the District North after the split. The old headquarters of the District is a declared monument currently. The District North and then further shrunk, which Sha Tin District, Yuen Long District (includes modern-day Tuen Mun) and the modern-day Northern District were split from the District North and District North was renamed Tai Po District, which oversaw Tai Po and nearby Lam Tsuen Valley, as well as an exclave on the northern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula. The seats of the Tai Po District branch of the Home Affairs Department as well as the Tai Po District Officer, are currently located in another government building, Tai Po Government Offices Building, in Ting Kok Road, in the northern shore of Lam Tsuen River.

The Tai Po District Council was formed as the Tai Po District Board in the 1980s, with elections held since that decade.

Geography
Lam Tsuen River Tai Po is located in the north of Hong Kong, northeast of Sha Tin. Even though the Tai Po Industrial Estate is located in the district, it is still one of the most unpolluted districts in Hong Kong. Tai Po's population density is considerably lower than Kowloon's, having many old, small villages in the mountains.

Tai Po is surrounded by fertile valleys which explains why it has held such a population for over a millennium. Tai Po is covered with bicycle tracks, east of Lam Tsuen Valley and west of Tolo Harbour. East Rail line is the main connection of Tai Po to the rest of Hong Kong.

Tai Po has 460 hectares of purely woodland area, the largest in Hong Kong.

Islands
In addition to the mainland part of the district, the following islands of Hong Kong are under the jurisdiction of Tai Po District:
 * A Chau (丫洲, Centre Island)
 * Breaker Reef – Tai Po
 * Bun Sha Pai (崩紗排)
 * Cham Pai (杉排)
 * Chau Tsai Kok (洲仔角)
 * Che Lei Pai (扯里排)
 * Chek Chau (赤洲, Port Island)
 * Flat Island (銀洲)
 * Hau Tsz Kok Pai (孝子角排)
 * Hin Pai (蜆排)
 * Kung Chau (弓洲)
 * Ma Shi Chau (馬屎洲)
 * Ma Yan Pai (媽印排)
 * Mo Chau (磨洲)
 * Ping Chau (平洲)
 * Sam Pui Chau (三杯酒)
 * Sha Pai (沙排)
 * Shek Ngau Chau (石牛洲)
 * Tang Chau (燈洲)
 * Tap Mun Chau (塔門洲, Grass Island)
 * Tit Shue Pai (鐵樹排)
 * Wai Chau Pai (灣仔排)
 * Wu Chau (烏洲)
 * Yeung Chau (洋洲)

Housing
Because Hong Kong is in a very densely populated region, Tai Po Town has copied the many urban areas of Hong Kong by building high-rise apartments. 320,000 people have residences in the town, making high-rise apartments necessary and mandatory. These high-rise apartments are located inside estates, such as Tai Yuen Estates and Fu Heng Estates. These high-rise apartments have floors ranging from the low apartments in Tai Po Old Town to the new estates in northern Tai Po ranging from 20 to 34 levels. The area is serviced by the Tai Po Hui Market, Built in 2004.

The Tai Po area also has many "village houses", resulting from a 1972 Hong Kong legislation which gave any male heir over the age of 18 who could prove he was descended from one of Hong Kong's original villages in 1898 the right to build a small house on a plot of land, either owned by the village itself or on leased government land. These houses are restricted by law to be no more than three stories and 27 ft in height, and no more than 2100 sqft in total floor space.

There are also a few private housing developments in the Tai Po area with "detached" and "semi-detached" houses which include communal recreational areas such as swimming pools, tennis courts, and children's playgrounds, and entertainment facilities such as private cinemas, health spas and karaoke rooms. These developments are excluded from the "village house" law, and therefore units are often much larger than 2100 sqft.

Privately owned residential housing in Tai Po included Tai Po Centre, Plover Cove Garden, Uptown Plaza, The Beverly Hills, and many other residential estates.

Buses
Transportation in Tai Po Town is much like any other place in Hong Kong. Due to the high population, Hong Kong has double-decker buses. Some buses lead to the rest of Hong Kong such as the KMB bus route 271 that goes from Fu Heng Estate in Tai Po Town to West Kowloon Station in Tsim Sha Tsui and bus route 307 which goes from Central Tai Po Town towards the Central Ferry Piers via Central and Wan Chai of Victoria. Some buses lead directly to the airport such as A47X from Tai Po (Fu Heng) to Hong Kong Airport and E41 from Tai Po Centre (Tai Po Plaza and Tai Po Mega Mall) to Hong Kong International Airport within 90 minutes.

Railway
Two railway stations along the East Rail line serve Tai Po, namely: Tai Po Market station (in the older district) and Tai Wo station (serving newer estates). Trains originate at the Hong Kong-Chinese border, at either Lo Wu or Lok Ma Chau stations, and travel south to Admiralty station in Hong Kong Island, passing through Tai Po on the way.

The railway, previously known as the KCR British Section, opened in 1910. The old Tai Po Market station opened on that date and was closed in 1983 when the modern station of the same name opened as part of an upgrading of the line by the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation. Tai Wo station opened in 1989. In 2007 the line was leased for 50 years to the MTR Corporation.

Tai Po Kau station served the Tai Po Kau area between 1910 and 1983. It has since been demolished.

Education

Tai Po District is roughly divided into two primary school districts. The 84 school district for Tai Po New Town and surrounding villages, while Sai Kung North belongs to the 95 school district; the Sai Kung District also belongs to the 95 school district.

As of 2018, there were 19 secondary schools in the whole Tai Po District, all located in the Tai Po New Town. The secondary school district of Tai Po District was designated "NET NT6".

Several international schools are located in the Tai Po District. They do not belong to any school district. The Tai Po campus of Hong Kong Japanese School's International Section was opened in 1997. American School Hong Kong was scheduled to open in Tai Po in 2016. Norwegian International School occupied a building formerly known as The Tai Po Bungalow as a campus.

Li Po Chun United World College, located in Ma On Shan of the Sha Tin district, is near the border of the Sai Kung North exclave of the Tai Po district.

The campus of the Education University of Hong Kong, formerly the Hong Kong Institute of Education (HKIED), is located in the Tai Po District since 1997. The institute gained university status in 2016. The campus is located just north of Tai Po Industrial Estate. It is the only university in the district.

The Chinese University of Hong Kong is located on the border between Tai Po and Sha Tin districts.

Sports

 * Tai Po Sports Ground, an outdoor track and field ground, owned by the government and operated by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department (LSCD)
 * Tai Po Swimming Pool, an outdoor swimming pool next to the sports ground, owned by the government and operated by the LSCD

The government leased a government land to the Tai Po Sports Association in 1988, to run another public swimming pool. The swimming pool, which is also known as the "Jockey Club swimming pool", was closed in 1999. A new swimming pool structure was planned to build. However, the construction was not yet finished, as of 2015.

The district had several sports complexes for the local population, they were owned and operated by the government and located in the Tai Po New Town. Another facility opened in 1983, Li Fook Lam Indoor Sports Centre, was operated by the Tai Po Sports Association Limited, a non-profit making limited company.

Football
Tai Po FC is the first district football team ever to make it to the Hong Kong First Division League among the 19 district football sides from the Hong Kong Third District Division League. The club plays its home games at Tai Po Sports Ground and has since won the 2008-09 Hong Kong FA Cup.

The district had several football fields (five-a-side, seven-a-side football) for amateur football. In 2016, another football field and sports complex (which includes an indoor swimming pool) would be built.

Economy
Hong Kong Note Printing, which prints all the bank notes in Hong Kong, is located in the Tai Po Industrial Estate, an industrial area of light industries (food processing, printing, etc.)

Hong Kong and China Gas also has its major gas plant in the industrial estate, which supplies most (98%) of the town gas of the city from that plant.

Spa Resort Development
There is a plan to develop a spa hotel resort at Ting Kok, near Tai Mei Tuk. The site will occupy 61,000 sq m and has no more than 230 hotel rooms. Tai Po District councilor Yam Kai-Kong admits the benefits from tourism and job opportunities will be good but he is also concerned about the mangroves and increased traffic in the area.

Place of interests

 * The Hong Kong Railway Museum
 * Tai Po Waterfront Park
 * Tsz Shan Monastery

Notable people:

 * Chan Hok man (陳學文 ): former principal of valtorta college
 * Tang Chun man (鄧俊文 ): athlete of badminton team

Electoral subdivisions
The local council of the district, Tai Po District Council, was divided into several subdivisions, known as electoral constituencies. However, the border of those electoral constituencies would under review in each election. It was also accused of gerrymandering for the proposed change of the border for several constituencies in the district for the 2019 election.

In the election of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, Tai Po District belongs to the cross-district electoral constituency New Territories East.

In the past, Tai Po District belonged to the Regional Council, the middle-tier local government between the city's Legislative Council and the district councils. The Regional Council oversees the New Territories, while its counterpart, Urban Council, oversees Kowloon (including New Kowloon) and the Hong Kong Island. However, they were abolished. The executive function of the Regional Council was a takeover by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department and other government departments.

Before the establishment of the Tai Po District, the area belonged to the District Office North (founded as the District Office which also oversees the area around modern-day Sha Tin), which its headquarter is located in Tai Po; the District Officer was also resided in Tai Po in the Island House on Yuen Chau Tsai.

The election for the village head, as well as councilors of Heung Yee Kuk, has its own electoral constituencies, which are based on the boundary of the villages.

title: Tai Po District


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Mastema

Mastema (מַשְׂטֵמָה Mastēmā; Mesetēma), Mastemat, or Mansemat,   is the demon or angel who appears in the Book of Jubilees. He pleads with God to permit the spirits of the dead Nephilim to remain on Earth, so that they can corrupt and lead men astray prior to judgement. Because there was great wickedness in men, God condemned all the demons to descend into condemnation except for a tenth who could remain.

In the Zadokite Fragments and the Dead Sea Scrolls, he is the angel of disaster, the father of all evil, and a flatterer of God. In some scriptures, it is said that he became a fallen angel. He first appears in the literature of the Second Temple Period as a personification of the Hebrew word mastemah (מַשְׂטֵמָה), meaning "hatred", "hostility", "enmity", or "persecution".

Book of Jubilees
According to the Book of Jubilees, Mastema ("hostility") is the chief of the Nephilim, the demons engendered by the fallen angels called Watchers with human women.

The Book of Jubilees leaves ambiguous whether Mastema himself is a Naphil or not. It is implied he might be an angel instead, as he does not fear to be imprisoned along with the Nephilim, but the book doesn't mention him among the angels created by God, and the matter is blurred further because angels and other kinds of spirits are not clearly differentiated in the work's theology, allowing for multiple interpretations of his origin.

His actions and name indicate he is the Adversary, but in Jubilees he is more like the character who appears in the Book of Job with a function to fulfill under God rather than the Satan of later tradition who is the uttermost enemy of God. Beliar, mentioned twice in Jubilees, is likely to be identical with Mastema in this work.

When God is ready to destroy all the demons after the flood Mastema intervenes, beseeching God to allow him to retain and control one tenth of the demons in order to exercise his authority because they are "intended to corrupt and lead astray before my judgement because the evil of the sons of men is great". (Jubilees 10:8) Mastema is the tester of humans, with God's permission.

Mastema sends a plague of birds onto the land in the days of Terah. (Jubilees 11:10)

Later, Mastema counsels God to test Abraham (Jubilees 17:15-16), just as Satan in the Book of Job wants permission to test Job. As Abraham prepares to sacrifice his son Isaac, Mastema stands in God's presence. On his deathbed, Isaac promises that the spirits of Mastema will have no power to turn Jacob or his descendants away from Yahweh.

The account of Zipporah at the Inn where Yahweh meets Moses and tries to kill him is retold in a way that attributes the attack to Mastema instead (Jubilees 48:1-3). It is claimed that Mastema aided the Egyptian priests that opposed Moses. Mastema is also said to have been chained that while the Israelites left Egypt, but then let go to encourage the Egyptians to chase after the Israelites and so come to their doom in the Red Sea. The deaths of the firstborn of the Egyptians are attributed to "all the powers of Mastema".

In fiction

 * In Anne Rice's 1999 novel Vittorio the Vampire, Mastema is an angel that aids the main character in attacking a vampire coven.
 * In the Megami Tensei series of video games and its spin-offs, Mastema is portrayed as a demon, although, within the context of the franchise, the term "demon" is used in its classical meaning (cf. daemon) to refer to any supernatural creature. Mastema can be fought but can also join the player's group. In Strange Journey, Mastema represents the Law alignment and plays a significant role within the game.
 * In the Digimon game, Digimon Story: Cyber Sleuth, Mastemon is an Angel Digimon who manipulates light and darkness, and has the power to cross through space-time.
 * In the Yu-Gi-Oh! trading card game, the card "Darklord Nasten" (堕天使マスティマ, datenshi [= Fallen Angel] Mastema) is based on this demon.
 * In the comic book Birthright, Mastema is the name of one of the mages living on Earth that maintain the barrier between worlds. She is revealed shortly after her introduction to be the daughter of the series' main villain.
 * In the mobile game Arknights, Mostima is the name of an operator that has angelic and demonic qualities.
 * In the Korean MMORPG MapleStory, Mastema (마스테마) is the name of the devout follower of the playable class "Demon", and it can transform into a purple cat to conceal its power.

title: Mastema


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Tsuen Wan District

Tsuen Wan District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. It is located in the New Territories and is served by the Tsuen Wan line of the MTR metro system. Its area is 60.7 km2. Its residents, who mostly live in Tsuen Wan Town, enjoy the highest income in the New Territories.

Part of the Tsuen Wan New Town is located in the Tsuen Wan District. An exclave of the district is located on the island of Ma Wan and the northeastern part of Lantau island (including Tsing Chau Tsai Peninsula and Yam O).

The Hong Kong Disneyland Resort is within the boundary of Tsuen Wan District (and partially in the neighbouring Islands District).

History
The district was set up in 1982 covering the present-day Tsuen Wan District and Kwai Tsing District. Kwai Chung and the island of Tsing Yi were split from Tsuen Wan District in the mid-1980s, and subsequently formed a new district known as Kwai Tsing.

Sights
The Sam Tung Uk Museum is a cultural and agricultural museum and was set up in a former Hakka walled village. Behind Tsuen Wan is Shing Mun reservoir, a valley that was once home to 10 villages that grew mostly pineapples. The dam that stops the reservoir is called Po Lo Pa, lit. pineapple dam. There were once disputes and fights among the Shing Mun Valley dwellers and Tsuen Wan residents during the 18th century, over the levying of taxes for pineapple sales. The reservoir valley also has a disused lead mine, where some of the residents of Tsuen Wan used to work. Behind this is Tai Mo Shan, the tallest hill in Hong Kong.

Islands
The following islands of Hong Kong are administratively part of the district:
 * Cheung Sok
 * Ma Wan
 * Ngam Hau Shek (岩口石)
 * Pun Shan Shek (半山石)
 * Tang Lung Chau
 * Northeastern part of Lantau Island

MTR

 * Tsuen Wan line of the MTR metro system. Tsuen Wan station is the terminus of the line. Tai Wo Hau station is also at Tsuen Wan District.
 * Tuen Ma line also has a station at the coastal area of Tsuen Wan Town, named Tsuen Wan West station.
 * Disneyland Resort line operates within the district, in the northern part of Lantau Island, consisting Sunny Bay station and Disneyland Resort station.

Bus
There are also tens of bus routes serving Tsuen Wan, mostly operated by Kowloon Motor Bus. Citybus also operates a few.

Park Island Transport Co., Ltd. operates bus services between Park Island on Ma Wan and Tsing Yi MTR station, Park Island and Kwai Fong Metroplaza, Park Island and Hong Kong International Airport; Park Island and Tsuen Wan (close to the Tsuen Wan MTR station).

Ferry
Park Island Transport Co., Ltd. operates ferry services between Park Island on Ma Wan and Central and between Park Island and Tsuen Wan Pier (next to the Tsuen Wan West MTR station).

title: Tsuen Wan District


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Sha Tin District

Sha Tin District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. As one of the 9 districts located in the New Territories, it covers the areas of Sha Tin, Tai Wai, Ma On Shan, Fo Tan, Siu Lek Yuen, Kwun Yam Shan (Sha Tin District) and Ma Liu Shui. The district is the most populous district in Hong Kong, with a population of 659,794 as per 2016 by-census, having a larger population than many states or dependencies including Iceland, Malta, Montenegro and Brunei.

The Sha Tin District covers approximately 69.4 km2 (26.8 sq. mi), including Sha Tin New Town and several country parks. Built mostly on reclaimed land in Sha Tin Hoi, the well-developed Sha Tin New Town comprises mainly residential areas along the banks of the Shing Mun River Channel. In the early 1970s it was a rural township of about 30,000 people. After Sha Tin's first public housing estate, Lek Yuen Estate, was completed in 1976, the settlement began to expand. Today, about 65% of the district's population live in public rental housing, housing under Hong Kong's Tenants Purchase Scheme, or Home Ownership Scheme.

Pre-colonial Era
According to archeological discoveries, there were inhabitants settled in the region around four thousand years ago. Sha Tin was formerly named Lek Yuen, literally meaning the "source of trickling" or "source of clear water". The area of the present day Sha Tin was populated before the Ming Dynasty. As the Shing Mun River runs across the district, most local residents were farmers and relied on agriculture for living. In 1579, Tai Wai Village, the oldest and largest walled village in the district was built. Several other villages were built along the river after Tai Wai Village.

Colonial Era
Sha Tin started to be administered by the British Hong Kong government after the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory was signed. The establishment of the Sha Tin station of the Kowloon-Canton Railway (British Section) in 1910 caused Sha Tin to be the more common name for the area, replacing Lek Yuen ever since.

Sha Tin was a former market town at the present location of Sha Tin Centre Street and New Town Plaza shopping centre.

Sha Tin Town was the second batch of satellite towns, or new towns, to be built in the New Territories, on land reclaimed from the sea.

Land use
In addition to the residential areas, there are four industrial areas for light industries: Tai Wai, Fo Tan, Siu Lek Yuen and Shek Mun.

The Chinese University of Hong Kong is also located in Sha Tin. People typically travel there via the MTR East Rail line and get off at University station. A minibus service operates on campus.

Sha Tin is the location for Hong Kong's second equestrian racecourse (the first and most famous being Happy Valley Racecourse) which has a capacity of 85,000. This course hosted the equestrian events during the 2008 Summer Olympics. The Olympics were hosted by Beijing, but there was concern over proper quarantine and disease monitoring in the Chinese capital.

Penfold Park is located inside the racecourse and closed on race days. It is best accessed via the Fo Tan station. Sha Tin Park is another major park located in Sha Tin.

Shing Mun River

The Shing Mun River is a 7 km long, 200m wide channel originating at the Shing Mun Reservoir (Tai Mo Shan catchment) that runs as a river from the Tai Wai area, through the Sha Tin town centre to Tide Cove. It has three main tributaries, namely Tai Wai Nullah, Fo Tan Nullah and Siu Lek Yuen Nullah. Along the Shing Mun River are high-rise residential, commercial and industrial buildings with numerous village type developments scattered around.

Railways
Sha Tin District is served by a total of fourteen rapid transit stations on two lines of the MTR railway network, the most of any district in Hong Kong. Five of these stations lie on the East Rail line, namely Tai Wai, Sha Tin, Fo Tan, Racecourse and University. Although all except Racecourse station (which only has service on race days) lie on the original Kowloon–Canton Railway, the oldest in the territory, only Sha Tin station existed at the time the line was inaugurated in 1910, providing direct service to Hung Hom station in Kowloon in the south and the mainland border crossings at Lo Wu and Lok Ma Chau in the north. The other four stations were added later, mostly during the electrification of the line in the 1980s, as a result of the development of the Chinese University, Sha Tin Racecourse, and Sha Tin New Town.

The Ma On Shan line, a branch of the East Rail line, began service in December 2004, serving the eastern parts of Sha Tin and the Ma On Shan area. Its nine stations, running between Tai Wai and Wu Kai Sha, were all located within Sha Tin District, and served newly built housing estates along the route. The only interchange between this line and the rest of the network was at Tai Wai, leading to extreme congestion on the East Rail line between this station and Kowloon Tong, which has a connection to the Kwun Tong line. Both this line and the East Rail line were operated by the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation until they were absorbed by the MTR Corporation in 2007.

Railway connectivity to and from Sha Tin District is expected to be significantly improved following the completion of the Sha Tin to Central Link, which will see extensions to both the East Rail and Ma On Shan lines. The first section, known as Tuen Ma line Phase 1, opened in January 2020, extending the Ma On Shan line to Kai Tak via Diamond Hill, and includes a further station serving Hin Keng at the southern end of Sha Tin District. This is expected to relieve congestion on the East Rail line between Tai Wai and Kowloon Tong. By the end of 2021, the full Tuen Ma line would open with a new route through Kowloon City, merging with the West Rail line at Hung Hom and continuing to the northwestern New Territories via western Kowloon. Finally, in 2022, the East Rail line would be extended across Victoria Harbour and terminate at Admiralty station, providing a direct service to Hong Kong Island for the first time.

Buses
A total of 110 franchised bus routes serve various points in Sha Tin District. These are predominantly operated by Kowloon Motor Bus, which has a depot in Siu Lek Yuen. They include a combination of routes entirely within the district, routes connecting the district to other parts of the New Territories and Kowloon, and several cross-harbour routes to Hong Kong Island, including one as far as Aberdeen. Furthermore, Long Win Bus operates several routes to Lantau Island, the airport, and the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge, while New World First Bus has express bus service to eastern Hong Kong Island and Tseung Kwan O.

The district is also served by various public light bus routes.

Roads
Sha Tin District is served by an extensive road network. Four trunk routes on Hong Kong's strategic route network pass through the district:
 * Route 1 between Fo Tan and Aberdeen via Kowloon Tong, Hung Hom, and Wan Chai.
 * Route 2 between Ma Liu Shui and Quarry Bay via Diamond Hill and Kwun Tong.
 * Route 8 between Tai Wai and Hong Kong International Airport via Lai Chi Kok, Tsing Yi, and Lantau Island.
 * Route 9 to Tsuen Wan, Tuen Mun, Yuen Long, Fanling, and Tai Po.

These trunk roads make use of several road tunnels leading to the district. Of these, the Lion Rock Tunnel used by Route 1, is the oldest, having opened in 1967 to replace the overcrowded Tai Po Road to Sham Shui Po. Despite the opening of further tunnels over the years, it remains the most direct route to central Kowloon, and thus the most heavily travelled. The Lion Rock Tunnel was followed by the Shing Mun Tunnels on Route 9 in 1990, the Tate's Cairn Tunnel on Route 2 in 1991, and most recently the Tsing Sha Highway on Route 8 (consisting of the Eagle's Nest Tunnel and Sha Tin Heights Tunnel) in 2008.

Other major roads in the area include Sha Lek Highway linking central Sha Tin to Ma On Shan, Sha Tin Road linking eastern Sha Tin to Fo Tan, Tate's Cairn Highway linking eastern Sha Tin to Ma Liu Shui, Tolo Highway linking Sha Tin to the northern districts, and Sai Sha Road linking Ma On Shan to Sai Kung.

A network of cycle tracks throughout Sha Tin measures about 50 km long and is the longest cycle track network in Hong Kong.

Secondary schools
Schools with Wikipedia articles:

 * Baptist Lui Ming Choi Secondary School
 * Hong Kong Baptist University Affiliated School Wong Kam Fai Secondary and Primary School
 * International Christian School of Hong Kong
 * Jockey Club Ti-I College
 * Kiangsu-Chekiang College (Shatin)
 * Li Po Chun United World College
 * Helen Liang Memorial Secondary School (Shatin)
 * Renaissance College
 * S. K. H. Tsang Shiu Tim Secondary School
 * Sha Tin College
 * Sha Tin Government Secondary School
 * Sha Tin Methodist College
 * Shatin Pui Ying College
 * Shatin Tsung Tsin Secondary School
 * Tak Sun Secondary School

Higher education

 * Chinese University of Hong Kong
 * Hang Seng University of Hong Kong
 * Hong Kong Baptist University (Shek Mun Campus)
 * Hong Kong Sports Institute
 * Institute of Vocational Education

Hospitals
There are four hospitals in Sha Tin District:
 * Prince of Wales Hospital, one of the centres of the 2003 SARS outbreak among health care workers (Ward 8A);
 * Sha Tin Hospital;
 * Cheshire Home Shatin; and
 * Union Hospital, a private hospital

Tourist attractions
Local and tourist attractions in the Sha Tin area include, most famously, the Hong Kong Heritage Museum, which is Hong Kong's largest museum. The Museum was opened on 16 December 2000 and includes 12 galleries, a café and museum shop. Other attractions include:

 * Sha Tin Racecourse – located in Shatin Town, it is one of the two racecourses in Hong Kong.
 * Che Kung Miu (車公廟) – thousands of worshippers go to worship during Chinese New Year, including many local government officials.
 * Ten Thousand Buddhas Monastery (萬佛寺)
 * Tao Fung Shan
 * Amah Rock
 * Tsang Tai Uk – an 1848 dwelling of granite, timber and green brick, with defence towers and a still-used ancestral hall.
 * Lion Pavilion (獅子亭)
 * Jockey Club Museum of Climate Change
 * New Town Plaza – a large shopping mall in Sha Tin Town.
 * Shing Mun River
 * Lion Rock
 * Sha Tin Park – a popular park running alongside the Shing Mun river channel (open daily 0700 – 2245) in Sha Tin Town.
 * Penfold Park (彭福公園)
 * Sha Tin Town Hall – the premier cultural venue in the eastern New Territories, hosting cultural events and exhibitions.
 * Snoopy's World. Six zones of amusements on the third floor of the New Town Plaza, including Snoopy's House, a canoe ride and a museum of Peanuts characters (open daily, 1000–2200).

title: Sha Tin District