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Cavinti

Cavinti, officially the Municipality of Cavinti, is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,980 people.

It is in the Sierra Madre mountain range. Major produce are its pandan made products, including the Sambalilo (straw hat). It is also known as the Ecotourism, Adventure, Falls and Glamping Capital of the Philippines.

The official song of the Municipality of Cavinti and its people is Cavinti Hymn or Imno ng Cavinti. The anthem was composed by Bonifacio J. Linay, a native of Cavinti.

History
The municipality of Cavinti was originally a part of Lumban, Laguna. It was only in 1619 when the town gained complete and independent status as a parish by virtue of a papal bull believed to have come directly from Rome. In fact, this was why, again according to the legends, the two Puhawan brothers of Lumban, in search of food in early 1600, reached Cavinti where they found an image which turned out to be that of El Salvador. They brought the image to their home in Lumban. But in no time, it got lost only to be found again the very same place where it was first discovered. Today on that hallowed grounds stands majestically the centuries-old Catholic Church in honor of El Salvador built by the town's forebears for all the generations to enjoy and cherish.

The church's early structures were made of light materials. For many times they had to rebuild it on account of destruction wrought by natural calamities such as earthquakes, typhoons, and fires.

The ecclesiastical supervision of the church also belonged to Lumban since its founding. Even at the time of the construction of the first stone church in 1621.

The Spanish Period
During this era, Cavinti is one of the least villages of Lumban, Laguna. The population is very low and no significant development was recorded since during that time development was focused on Municipality of Lumban. The town of Cavinti serves that time as a hunting ground for hunters.

The American Period
In 1903, Cavinti was reduced as part of Luisiana by virtue of Act No. 939. It later separated from Luisiana to be reconstituted as an independent municipality by virtue of Act No. 1712 in 1907.

Cavinti became one of the municipalities with high insurgency due to the construction of hydropower dam where several lands were submerged.

Two connected man-made lakes (Lake Lumot and Lake Caliraya) were built by American engineers in 1943 to supply water to the Caliraya Hydroelectric Plant. As the dams were constructed, entrepreneurs with foresight created two adjacent communities which were envisioned to be ecological communities, where one can enjoy the beauty and richness of unspoiled nature. The results were man-made mountain lakes complete with coves and sandbars - Lake Caliraya and Lake Lumot. The Americans also seeded the lake with Largemouth Black Bass imported from the US, which continues to proliferate and provide game fishers with year-round weekend excitement.

In fact, the two lakes are some of the places in the whole country where Philippine anglers can attempt to catch the famed Largemouth Black Bass, one of the top freshwater gamefish of the United States of America. During this regime, no further economic and infrastructure projects were implemented in the town of Cavinti.

The Japanese Occupation
All over the country, Japanese period was the days of disorder, fear, and desolation. Shortage of food, limited infrastructure, limited medical services and limited educational services were rampant in the whole country. The Philippines was run by a ‘puppet’ government as it was being governed by the watchful eyes of the Japanese Imperial Army.

During this regime, insurgency becomes rampant and no further economic and infrastructure was implemented in the town of Cavinti.

The Third Republic
During this period, people in Municipality of Cavinti gave their hope in the new form of government. However, due to the effect of war, there was an extensive problem in infrastructure specifically roads, bridges and the construction of schools along with the problems of pestilence and starvation. Thus, there was no further development for the town of Cavinti right until the 1960s, when ground was broken on the Lake Caliraya shoreline for the building of the resort communities which began a period of economic rebirth. Today, the highland town of Northeastern Laguna continues to grow economically and as a tourism center for visitors coming from all over the country and overseas.

Geography
Cavinti is situated on the eastern side of the province of Laguna. The town is bounded by the municipality of Lumban in the north, by the municipalities of Sampaloc, Quezon and Mauban, Quezon in the east, Pagsanjan in the west, and by Luisiana in the south. It has 19 barangays.

Cavinti is 12 km from Santa Cruz, 99 km from Manila, and 44 km from Lucena.

Climate
Like most areas in the province of Laguna, the Climate of Cavinti is characterized by two pronounced seasons: dry from March to May and wet during the rest of the year.

Barangays
Cavinti is politically subdivided into 19 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Currently, there are 2 barangays which are classified as urban (highlighted in bold).

 * Anglas
 * Bangco
 * Bukal
 * Bulajo
 * Cansuso
 * Duhat
 * Inao-Awan
 * Kanluran Talaongan
 * Labayo
 * Layasin
 * Layug
 * Lumot/Mahipon
 * Paowin
 * Poblacion
 * Sisilmin
 * Silangan Talaongan
 * Sumucab
 * Tibatib
 * Udia

Poblacion
It is the center of commercial and business activities in Cavinti. Almost all of the basic municipal facilities are located in Poblacion including the Municipal Hall, Town Plaza, the Public Market, and many commercial and business establishments. The Catholic Church (Transfiguration Parish) and Aglipayan Church are also located in Poblacion.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, the population of Cavinti was 23,980 people, with a density of undefined PD/km2.

People from Cavinti are being called by nearby towns as "kabintiin".

Language
The language spoken in the town is the national language of the country: Filipino language (Tagalog). The media of instruction in schools are English and Tagalog languages.

Economy
Cavinti is primarily an agricultural town. At the población, there are only a few commercial establishments which cater to the basic services of the people.

Sources of income of the people of Cavinti are mainly focused on tourism and agriculture such as palay, bamboo, pandan, copra, coconut, vegetables and fruit trees. Piggery and poultry farming are also sources of additional income for the townfolks. The business income of the local government primarily comes from CBK Power Plants, Resorts, Hotels and Restaurants and operation of several tourism-related projects.

Annual budget:
 * Internal revenue allotment : Php 47,346,700.00
 * Economic enterprise       : Php 24,452,640.00
 * National wealth share     : Php 8,000,000.00
 * Local revenue             : Php 17,762,500.00
 * Total : Php 97,561,840.00
 * Income class : 3rd Class

Annual events and festivals

 * Sambalilo Festival: (August 1 – 6) - The Sambalilo Festival is one of the most colorful and prosperous festivals in the province of Laguna. It is celebrated to celebrate the handmade sombrero(hat) made from pandan that has been the foremost livelihood of the people since time immemorial. Highlights of the fiesta include trade fair exhibits, Cavinti's Got Talent, Brass band bonanza, street dancing, fireworks display, Cavinti Fun run, Palarong Pinoy (Traditional or cultural games), Exhibition game of PBA players vs. Cavinti All Stars and the world's biggest Sambalilo.

 * Mayflower Festival: (Celebrated during the month of May) - It is an old annual tradition by the Catholic majority which includes offering of flowers to the image of the Virgin Mary by those young girls all dressed in white called "associadas" while praying the rosary, and the holding of various Santacruzans around the town. The Hermanos and Hermanas, chosen for each year, lead the festivities as a way of sharing their blessings to them.

Tourist destinations
Natural features like waterfalls, rivers, lakes, caves and mountains are located in Cavinti. The Cavinti Falls, also known as Pagsanjan Falls, is actually located in Cavinti. Access to the falls is through Cavinti's own Pueblo El Salvador Cavinti Nature's Park and Picnic Groove in barangay Tibatib-Anglas. Visitors can view the nearby Mount Banahaw along the man-made lakes of Caliraya and Lumot. Sailing, wind surfing and kayaking are other activities common along the lake areas. There also other sites in Cavinti, like the Bumbungan Twin Falls, The Cavinti Underground River and Caves Complex, the Bayakan Falls and Bat Cave.

List of tourist destinations:
 * Cavinti Falls (a.k.a. Pagsanjan Falls) (Barangay Anglas/Tibatib)
 * Cavinti Underground River and Caves Complex (Barangay Mahipon/Paowin)
 * Nakulo Falls (Barangay Anglas/Tibatib)
 * Caliraya Lake is a man-made lake popular for surface water sports and recreational fishing. (Barangay East and West Talaongan) and shared with the town of Lumban
 * Lumot lake is another man-made lake connected to Caliraya Lake by an underground penstock, which is also popular for water sports and sport fishing. (Barangay Mahipon, Inao-awan, Bukal, Cansuso, and Paowin)
 * Bumbungan Eco Park (Barangay Tibatib)
 * Pueblo El Salvador Cavinti Nature's Park and Picnic Grove (Barangay Anglas/Tibatib)
 * Japanese Garden (Barangay West Talaongan)
 * Bayakan Falls (Barangay Tibatib)
 * Bat Cave (Barangay Tibatib)
 * Bumbungan Twin Falls (Barangay Sumucab)
 * Talon ng Caliraya (Barangay West and East Talaongan)
 * Roman Catholic Church (Transfiguration Parish) (1606)
 * Farmshare Agri Park (Barangay Duhat)
 * Domelis Campsite (Barangay Silangan Talaongan)

Local government
Like other towns in the Philippines, Cavinti is governed by a mayor and vice mayor who are elected to three-year terms. The mayor is the executive head and leads the town's departments in executing the Sangguniang Bayan's ordinances and improving public services. The vice mayor heads a legislative council consisting of councilors, as members.

Elected officials
At present, Cavinti Municipal officials are:

Infrastructure

 * Municipal health clinics
 * Public market
 * Cavinti Covered Plaza
 * Cavinti Sports Complex
 * ABC Multi-Purpose Hall

Transportation
Cavinti is exactly 100 km from Manila. From Manila via Calamba, a bus will take you to Santa Cruz, Laguna. In Santa Cruz, jeepneys going to Cavinti can be found at the jeepney's terminal. Via Santa Cruz, you will pass by the town of Pagsanjan before you reach Cavinti. You will easily know it when you have reached the town because the roads become zigzagged with many sharp twists and turns. Transportation to its barangays are served by tricycles and jeepneys.

Another routes/mode of transportation to go to Cavinti:
 * Cavinti to Santa Cruz (jeepney - via Pagsanjan) - Main (Cavinti)
 * Cavinti to Santa Cruz (jeepney - via Lumban) - Main (Cavinti)
 * Lucban to Santa Cruz (mini-bus) - Via Cavinti
 * Lucena to Santa Cruz (mini-bus) - Via Cavinti
 * Luisiana to Santa Cruz (jeepney) - Via Cavinti
 * Infanta to Lucena (bus) - via Cavinti

Roads and bridges:
 * There are two main roads in Cavinti, the Cailles St. where the Public Market and many commercial and business establishments located and the Magsaysay Drive where many commercial, stores, and business establishments located too.
 * The two main bridges in Cavinti is the Cavinti Bridge which connects the barangay Duhat and barangay Poblacion, and another main bridge in Cavinti is the Tibatib Bridge which connects the barangay Tibatib and barangay Poblacion.

Communication system

 * Landline : PLDT
 * Internet connection : SmartBroadband, Globe, PLDT
 * Cellular phones : Smart, Globe, Sun Cellular, DITO 4G
 * Postal service : Philpost Inc.
 * Cable/PayTV : Royal Cable / Community Cable Cignal (PLDT)

Utilities

 * Electricity : (FLECO) First Laguna Electric Cooperative
 * Water - Cavinti Water Supply System

Education
Public and private schools in Cavinti:

High schools:
 * Public : 4
 * Private: 1

Elementary :
 * Public : 17
 * Private: 1

Day Care schools : 17

College : DEAF School (BarangayPaowin)

Media

 * All TV: Channel 2
 * GMA Network: Channel 7
 * TV5: Channel 5
 * People's Television Network: Channel 4
 * GTV: Channel 27
 * A2Z: Channel 11

Transport
Local Provincial Buses South Luzon, from Santa Cruz route via to Luisiana:
 * Traditional Jeepney and Fully Aircon Van from Santa Cruz.

title: Cavinti


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Blackmoor (campaign setting)

Blackmoor is a fantasy role-playing game campaign setting generally associated with the game Dungeons & Dragons. It originated in the early 1970s as the personal setting of Dave Arneson, the co-creator of Dungeons & Dragons, as an early testing ground for what would become D&D.

Early history
Blackmoor began as a development of David Wesely's "Braunstein" games following Duane Jenkins' Brownstone (Old West) variant and Arneson's own wargaming sessions, into which he had begun to introduce fantasy elements. Initially inspired by Conan novels and gothic horror, Arneson expanded the setting around the eponymous town, castle, and multi-level dungeon using ideas borrowed from The Lord of the Rings and Dark Shadows and made use of the Fantasy Supplement rules from the Chainmail game. Blackmoor was a campaign centered on individual player characters capable of continuing progressions, which encouraged cooperative play to succeed. D. H. Boggs suggested a possible influence of the film The Black Room, as inspiration for Blackmoor as it was aired twice before the first game, and it was mentioned by Dave Arneson as a film he was possibly watching while reading Conan.

The origins of the Blackmoor setting lie in the Castle & Crusade Society, a subgroup of the International Federation of Wargaming specializing in medieval miniatures combat; the group was initially driven by Gary Gygax. Dave Arneson was among the first to join the Society in April 1970, and many other members of his Twin Cities gaming group followed, including Duane Jenkins, Bill Hoyt, Ed Werncke, Mike Carr, and Marshall Hoegfeldt. Within months, the leadership of the Society had decided to form a fictional "Great Kingdom", with parcels of land awarded to and contested by members of the organization. Arneson assumed responsibility for the far northern reaches of the Great Kingdom, and it was there that he began to stage medieval games that led up to the Blackmoor setting. An announcement in Arneson's fanzine Corner of the Table describes the first game in the campaign, one built on the model of Dave Wesely's "Braunstein" series of games:

The next issue of Corner of the Table promised "the start of the 'Black Moors' battle reports, a series dealing with the perils of living in Medieval Europe". Initially, The Northern Marches was set up to be an ongoing multiplayer wargame, with the potential for Braunstein games. The Barony of Blackmoor formed the centerpiece of the game, and the various players attached to it (Greg Svenson, David Megarry, Dan Nicholson, Duane Jenkins), initially represented the forces of good. Duane Jenkins, for example, ruled the Northern Marches, first as a bandit chief, later promoted to Baron as Sir Jenkins. As the game progressed, more of Arneson's Napoleonics players joined in increasingly diverse roles. Mike Carr, for example, became a village priest, and then Bishop of Blackmoor. Others chose early in the campaign to side with the forces of evil, such as a wizard played by John Soukup. Early descriptions of the activities of the Blackmoor campaign circulated in a news sheet called the Blackmoor Gazette and Rumormonger. Players became increasingly drawn to the innovative dungeon exploration mechanic that Arneson invented; by 1972, that had become a major focus of the game. As demand for Blackmoor increased, Arneson fielded out refereeing duties to other players in his local circle.

In the summer of 1972, Arneson famously wrote an article detailing "Facts about Black Moor" for Domesday Book #13, which brought his innovations to the attention of the rest of the Castle & Crusade Society. That fall, Arneson demonstrated the game for Gygax, and work on Dungeons & Dragons commenced. As rule development proceeded, the Blackmoor campaign continued, and began coordinating with a parallel campaign known as Greyhawk run out of Lake Geneva by Gygax and his circle. After the publication of Dungeons & Dragons, the Blackmoor campaign continued, but as a number of key participants (including Arneson) left Minneapolis to work in Lake Geneva, play of the campaign grew more sporadic.

Supplement II: Blackmoor

The original Blackmoor product was published by Tactical Studies Rules (TSR) in 1975, as the second supplement to D&D (the first being Greyhawk). The booklet was named for the original role-playing campaign world by Dave Arneson, who also wrote this booklet. It added rules, monsters, treasure, and the first published role-playing game adventure, the "Temple of the Frog", a scenario from the Loch Gloomen section of the Blackmoor campaign. Other than the "Temple of the Frog", Blackmoor did not include any information on the Blackmoor setting itself.

The First Fantasy Campaign
Written by Dave Arneson and published by Judges Guild in 1977, The First Fantasy Campaign added information on the actual Blackmoor campaign setting. It included baronies, citadels, history of leaders and details on the Blackmoor dungeon. It also contained additional rules for creating lairs, character interests and vocations.

The First Fantasy Campaign anthologizes material produced at various stages of the Blackmoor campaign, from Magic Swords (1971) up to the Blackmoor dungeons Arneson commonly ran at conventions in 1976. Only a relatively small amount of original material, primarily link text, was written specifically for the First Fantasy Campaign, though all maps and some connected illustrations were redrawn and relettered by the Judges Guild's Bob Bledsaw. Thus, the First Fantasy Campaign is a rich repository of pre-Dungeons & Dragons material which preserves original rules and campaign events. For example, it contains the entirety of the "Facts about Black Moor" article from Domesday Book #13. It also contains circa-1972 price lists as well as rules dating from the exile of the Blackmoor Bunch to Loch Gloomen in the late Spring of 1972.

The 1977 first printing, including its cover, is in black and white. The cover says "The First Fantasy Campaign Playing Aid" with "Playing Aid" as a subtitle. It shows a large mostly circular picture with trees in the foreground and a fire elemental in the background, below which it says "by Dave Arneson" and "Judges Guild". There is no other verbiage on the cover and the price does not appear on the cover. The back cover has a product list titled "Booty List" with the highest number being 35 and "New Non-Sub Items" listing product numbers 36–39. It comes with the first printing of the First Fantasy Campaign Maps. This book consists of 92 numbered pages plus the cover, inside cover, back cover and table of contents for a total of 96 total pages. The dark red cover was used for the reformatted later printings that used a smaller font and fewer pages.

DA module series
Arneson left TSR in the early 1980s, but Blackmoor remained a part of D&D lore and was referred to in many later supplements. In a subsequent re-release of the world of Greyhawk for the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons game, an arctic region of mysterious black ice in the northwestern area of the map was called Blackmoor. However, Arneson's Blackmoor became integral to a different setting and rules system, those of the Basic Dungeons & Dragons game.

For various reasons, TSR published two different versions of their flagship game line. Over the course of several supplements, the Basic Dungeons & Dragons developed its own campaign setting, referred to at first simply as the Known World and later as Mystara. When the history of Mystara was codified, it was established that Arneson's Blackmoor had existed in the world's distant past, achieved a technologically advanced civilization, and then destroyed itself in a global catastrophe that shifted the planet's axis.

Its influence was now central to at least one of TSR's published worlds, but the actual setting of Blackmoor as Arneson described it had yet to be presented. This was finally remedied in the mid-1980s through the DA series of adventure modules, which carried a party of adventurers into Mystara's past to visit Blackmoor. The first of these, DA1 Adventures in Blackmoor, described in general the geography and politics of Blackmoor and the means by which the characters travel there. DA2 Temple of the Frog expanded the scenario that had appeared in the original Blackmoor supplement. DA3 City of the Gods explored the starship crashed near the Kingdom of Blackmoor, from which the setting's intentional anachronisms derived. DA4 The Duchy of Ten dealt with a horde of invading barbarians, but was the only work not derived from Dave Arneson's original campaign notes. A fifth installment, DA5 City of Blackmoor, was announced but was never written or published.

There were no further direct explorations of Blackmoor, although later Mystara products continued to make reference to it. For instance, The Wrath of the Immortals, an epic adventure which described a massive war involving both heaven and earth, climaxes with the discovery of the preserved control room from the starship that had crashed near Blackmoor millennia ago.

Later editions
After the Basic D&D game and its Mystara setting were discontinued, Zeitgeist Games, where Arneson worked prior to his death, produced an updated d20 System version of Blackmoor titled Dave Arneson's Blackmoor Campaign Setting, published by Goodman Games in 2004. Goodman and Zeitgeist also produced Blackmoor adventure modules. In 2009 Code Monkey Publishing released Dave Arneson's Blackmoor: The First Campaign, an updated campaign guide for the 4th edition of D&D.

Blackmoor MMRPG
There was also an ongoing massively multiplayer role playing game campaign organized by Zeitgeist games, which is similar in form to the Living Campaigns organized by the RPGA. The version of the campaign for D&D 3.5 ended in February 2009 at Megacon.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Blackmoor (campaign setting)


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The 3AM Girls

The 3AM Girls was the collective title of the gossip columnists for the Daily Mirror, a British tabloid newspaper.

Background
The group rose to prominence during Piers Morgan's time as editor of the paper and was created by Morgan with Richard Wallace in response to the "ladette" culture of the 1990s.

The column is now called 3am and was later edited by Clemmie Moodie with Ashleigh Rainbird. In 2009, the website 3am.co.uk appeared, edited by Dominic Mohan's sister Isabel. Their tabloid counterparts are The Goss Girls for the Daily Star and Dan Wootton who edits The Sun's Bizarre column.

In May 2016, the daily 3am column was published for the last time.

Rivalry with Chris Moyles
In September 2004, BBC Radio 1 DJ Chris Moyles highlighted the made-up news stories and quotes on his then-afternoon music and chat show. The following day Moyles's mobile phone number was printed in the paper as a retaliation. Moyles called for the 3AM girls to resign, and several thousand of Moyles's listeners rang in to the Daily Mirror to complain. The Mirror asked Moyles to call off his listeners, which he did, claiming he had won the battle by doing this.

Fictitious quotations
In 2007 Private Eye reported former 3AM girl Jessica Callan as saying that quotes for interviewees were made up by journalists: "The conversations celebrities had with us often bore no relation to the words which were printed in the column. On the odd occasion I didn't even know the quotes had been rewritten until I read the paper the following day... There was re-jigging and there was making up entire chats. Amazingly, we were never sued for having imaginary conversations".

title: The 3AM Girls


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Talk:The Holocaust Industry

Changing the title
This article has an extremely misleading and potentially malicious name, and the comment above made by User:Starbwoy is a clear example. The article was originally created with the title The Holocaust Industry (book), but for some reason the "book" was later deleted. Yesterday I changed it again to its former name, but User:PRODUCER reverted me and somehow even completely deleted the previous page's history. His argument is not policy based whatsoever. There are thousands of other Wikipedia articles on books that don't have other disambiguation pages with the same name, but still have the the word "book" in parentheses in their title, and rightly so. Therefore, I propose changing the article's name to The Holocaust Industry (book). Shalom11111 (talk) 12:28, 25 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Personally deeming it "extremely misleading and potentially malicious name" is not "policy based whatsoever". The whole purpose of the parenthesis is to disambiguate it from something else that has the exact same name. You have simply renamed the article on personal grounds and without it having anything to do with disambiguation. If an article were to be made on the actual industry, the one that Starbwoy sought, then the title "Holocaust Industry" (with "the" omitted as it's unecessary) and a "Not to be confused with Norman Finkelstein's book, The Holocaust Industry." tag would suffice for that. -- ◅ PRODUCER  ( TALK ) 13:01, 25 January 2014 (UTC)
 * There is not confusion with any other page or title. So there is no need to add a disambiguation term like "(book)". See: WP:DISAMBIGUATION. What you want to explain is actually done in the lead. -DePiep (talk) 13:06, 25 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Please quit edit warring over this. I don't have a strong opinion either way, but stop renaming the article until some consensus is reached. --John Nagle (talk) 19:39, 25 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Don't worry, there is no edit warring (or move warring). Shalom11111 moved the page in good faith, then PRODUCER reverted with good reason. Then Shalom11111 opened this talk topic, which is the correct way to go. For now, it looks like Shalom11111 accepts the explanation given here. So it'd just one reverted edit. -DePiep (talk) 08:58, 26 January 2014 (UTC)

Categories of criticism
Possible categorisations of this book include: either or both depending on content.
 * Category:Books critical of Israel
 * Category:Books critical of Zionism

I personally interpret the categories as follows:
 * the first category as relating to criticisms of actions of the state of Israel
 * the second category as relating to criticisms of support for the existence of a Jewish homeland.

The book has been placed in "Category:Books critical of Zionism" and there are "see also" links between the two category pages.

How would the book best be categorised? Gregkaye (talk) 00:18, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

POV-section
I've added a POV tag to section The_Holocaust_Industry. Without any introduction or explanation, the section has selected negative critiques only. That is OR, and POV (rotten cherry picking). It also appears strange that the critiques appear before the cotnent description. -DePiep (talk) 11:37, 28 December 2014 (UTC)

 * We could just remove Bartov's review I guess. It's a very negative review with little to no facts supporting the claims/opinions that Bartov has. It might help balance this out a bit and I don't think the review is very useful anyway because it's merely an opinion and it offers no facts. His review can however still be mentioned as having brought down sales in my opinion.

That's my thoughts about it. Peace BeefDaeRoastLXG  praat 11:58, 25 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Done. Agree, relevance or substance did not show. -DePiep (talk) 01:24, 26 June 2015 (UTC)

Nice. BeefDaeRoastLXG praat 09:51, 3 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Yeah, it's stupidly undue. It should also probably be noted where criticism came from the right-wing, since that is exactly who he is accusing of abusing the event. We should take their criticisms as a logical response. Bataaf van Oranje (Prinsgezinde) (talk) 10:31, 14 May 2016 (UTC)

 * I've condensed the section and removed some of the less pertinent quotes and one long quote, I have also removed the long standing POV-section template (which can be re-added if editors feel there is still an issue with the section) - since the last comment here was in 2016 I have boldly removed the template for now. Seraphim System  ( talk ) 05:48, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Well I tried but the low quality content I removed is being edit warred back into the article. Editors refuse to justify the inclusions on the talk page like they should properly do under WP:ONUS. I've already explained that I removed it as UNDUE and I'm being told to "discuss" it on the talk page, when it is really those who want inclusion who should justify it. Does my writing I don't think it is DUE for inclusion give any new information from what I said in the edit summary for the removal? ... It seems the POV section template will have to stay for now. Seraphim System ( talk ) 06:01, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
 * If you really want to remove low quality material then remove chomsky and cockburn--Shrike (talk) 06:43, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
 * I might be willing to do that, but I explained the main problem below. Seraphim System ( talk ) 06:44, 21 April 2018 (UTC)

Reparations
Anyone who reads this quote from 2000 will think that Holocaust claims still have not been paid out due to a delay in the courts, even though the decision came down a few weeks after this review was published... Regarding this quote The chief reason why survivors have so far seen nothing of the $1.25 billion Swiss settlement, reached in 1998, is that U.S. courts have yet to rule on a method of distribution. - using a book review as a source for this should be enough reason to remove this. In Re Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation wasn't about a "method of distribution" and there's no discussion of Finkelstein's argument in the article, only this non-expert response ... Here is what happened in that case: Seraphim System ( talk ) 06:43, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
 * "The Polish American Defense Committee (“PADC”) and six named individuals appeal from a December 7, 1999 order of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York that denied their motion to intervene in a consolidated class action lawsuit seeking redress for wrongs arising out of defendants' “knowing participation and complicity in crimes against humanity, crimes against peace, and war crimes” committed against plaintiffs by the Nazi regime. The proposed intervenors object to the certification of a narrower settlement class than the one described in the original complaints. They wish to intervene in the lawsuit in order to redefine the settlement class to include persons, other than those who were or were believed to be “Jewish, Romani, Jehovah's Witness, homosexual, or physically or mentally disabled or handicapped,” who were targeted for persecution by the Nazis on the basis of Polish nationality (in the words of appellants' brief, “ethnic Poles”) and their heirs. We affirm the order of the District Court."
 * As I said in the edit summary, add the updated information, but don't revert the "state of play" as of the time the criticism was written. We don't re-write history. Beyond My Ken (talk) 13:13, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
 * According to both the publisher's webpage for the book and Amazon, the book is in its second edition (2003, latest printing 2015), but the cover just says "Second Edition".  Usually if the book has been revised or updated, the publisher would put that on the cover, as it's a selling point: "Second Edition - Revised and Updated".  Without that, "Second Edition" could simply mean that the errata from the First Edition was corrected.If this is the case, that the Second Edition is not an updated one, then the criticism of the book quoted in our article is still relevant.  If the facts on the ground have changed, then those new facts should be noted (and sourced) in a note to the quote, or in some other way -- but we don't remove valid sourced material simply because it may "confuse" the reader.  Instead, we try to alleviate any confusion. Beyond My Ken (talk) 15:54, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
 * If it was an easy fix, I would have fixed it, but no editor has to do hours of work to keep content that you want in the article, especially when it is an UNDUE opinion about a law case from a non-expert source. Seraphim System ( talk ) 01:43, 22 April 2018 (UTC)
 * I will probably work on this in the main article - which is in abominable condition — it has external links in the body and it is not at the case name title (the name of the case is In re Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation). I can check Hein Online but even if I do that, I don't expect there will be much expert commentary about Norman Finkelstein's opinion on this. If I find something while working on the main article, I will definitely add it but a quote from a book review that says payments were not made because courts have yet to rule on a method of distribution, when the case was held up because ethnic Poles objected to being excluded from the settlement is suspect. And it is not a law source so it should not be considered a reliable source for a statement of why the courts were tied up or what the case was about—especially as no source is given for it (According to Chemerinsky, or something). Improving the content in the article is fine if there are sources for it, but this quote should be removed either way. Seraphim System ( talk ) 02:14, 22 April 2018 (UTC)
 * The only thing I'm beginning to find a little "suspect" is the myriad number of reasons you're finding for removing a piece of valid criticism of a book about the "misuse" of the Holocaust by Jewish organizations. It seems similar to the myriad numbers of reasons you put forward for not using a citae from Yad Vashem in the discussion on Talk:Holocaust denial. Beyond My Ken (talk) 03:04, 22 April 2018 (UTC)
 * What does this have to do with Yad Vashem? I stopped editing that article, and now it seems you have resumed that dispute on this article. I hope this doesn't continue because now I am going to stop working on this article as well ... The survivors (not Yad Vashem or whatever) - are the ones who filed the case objecting to the the Claims Conference — well there are multiple cases, I don't even know which case the quote is discussing, because it isn't a high quality, secondary, academic source, it doesn't cite any sources, etc. It's just another UNDUE opinion. Not every opinion quote needs to be added to Wikipedia. Loading up articles with quotes because you like the POV of the quotes and edit warring and make personal attacks until productive editors give up does not improve articles. Personal attacks are not ok — ("suspect"? oh please, that is some way to protect your version of an article) — and I'm not going to respond to them further. Seraphim System ( talk ) 03:29, 22 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Where did you ever get the idea that all sources on Wikipedia must be "high-quality academic sources"? Where's the language in WP:RS that says that? Where's the policy that says a book review cannot contain information usable in a Wikipedia article, as long as the source is reliable? What's UNDUE about a single paragraph of criticism?  Why do you think that the person chosen to write the preface to the book's French edition is not a usable source, whether or not they happen to be a physician?  Are academics you approve of the only ones allowed to be quoted in the Wikipedia articles you edit?Why are you so anxious to remove criticism of this book, which the publisher itself calls "controversial", which means that some people -- maybe a lot of people -- disagree with it? What is your purpose in editing this article? Beyond My Ken (talk) 04:01, 22 April 2018 (UTC)
 * What is my purpose? If you check my talk page Suggestbot recommended this article for improvement classing it as "unencyclopedic". I was trying to fix that by removing a longstanding POV section template by removing some of the undue opinions. I have no purpose beyond that, but I can further divulge that my purpose in not editing this article is definitely to cut this rather absurd discussion short. Seraphim System ( talk ) 04:04, 22 April 2018 (UTC)

980
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pl&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Holocaust+industry&btnG= The book has been quoted 980 times.Xx236 (talk) 07:43, 2 June 2021 (UTC)

German language discussion
de:Norman Finkelstein Here generally ignored, partially copied from a French paper. Xx236 (talk) 07:47, 2 June 2021 (UTC)

Lies and Mitigation in this article.
Large sections of this article (mainly overviews) are sentences ripped straight from the book with a change of grammer, and according to multiple sources-including the ADL (and actually Wikipedia's own definition of Holocaust Denial), the main claim of Finklesteins book (that only 1 million Jews died in the Holocaust), is Holocaust denial. I am thus editing to remove ripped sections with a change of first to third person and updating as their was no major public debate as the article claimed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1700:a1c0:6d40:95e6:7dbe:b904:964a talk (talk • contribs) 07:32, September 6, 2021 (UTC)
 * Huh? On what page in the book does Finklestein claim that only 1 million Jews died in the Holocaust? Huldra (talk) 22:48, 5 September 2021 (UTC)

Look back in previous edit of this, he claims the numbers were inflated.
 * Page number, please (or it didn't happen), Huldra (talk) 23:17, 5 September 2021 (UTC)

Again, look at edit, including page 125 if you have the book (my brother does, sadly)
 * Finkelstein does not claim that only 1 million Jews died in the Holocaust, not in this book or anywhere else. This is in fact a deliberate misreading of what he actually wrote. Finkelstein alleges that the number of survivors (not victims) is inflated, which is the opposite. Zerotalk 04:19, 6 September 2021 (UTC)

Noam Chomsky and Alexander Cockburn
Did they say anything about this book, and if so, what? Unreferenced claim removed. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 07:19, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

Removed undue section
In this diff I removed a section that appears undue. It places undue weight on parts of the book that represent small details compared to coverage in the article, so they seem undue as summary. RS support is not provided lending them external significance. Freelance-frank (talk) 13:29, 15 August 2022 (UTC)

Donald Denton
Is his opinion noteworthy? Here he is: https://www.vipcare.org/news/2022/7/11/vipcares-global-reach-via-remote-education BobFromBrockley (talk) 19:07, 27 March 2024 (UTC)

 * any thoughts on this one? BobFromBrockley (talk) 11:47, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Denton? Unusually eclectic background. Has publications that are surprising in coming from the same person, such as this versus this, which indicates an ability to think for himself. I haven't looked at what he wrote on this book. Zerotalk 12:27, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

Removed reception
Two comments by German historians removed from the reception section as irrelevant/useless quips: Do other editors agree these are irrelevant/useless quips, given they are the views of major historians of the topic at hand, and have secondary sources who considered them noteworthy? BobFromBrockley (talk) 15:18, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
 * According to Israeli journalist Yair Sheleg, in August 2000, German historian Hans Mommsen called it "a most trivial book, which appeals to easily aroused anti-Semitic prejudices."
 * Wolfgang Wippermann criticized Finkelstein as "‘a useful idiot’ for all kinds of anti-semites." [citing Enzo Traverso]

 * While it is normal and proper for articles on books to include criticism and praise, sometimes editors start adding all the negative comments they can find (or all the positive comments they can find, depending on their preference), then NPOV is out the window and the article looks like a piece of crap. A good article will have a selection of just the more useful comments chosen with an eye to balance. I removed two comments that essentially say nothing about the book except that someone doesn't like it. The selection could be different. Zerotalk 02:00, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Holocaust Industry


text:
User:Algis

Hi, my name is Algis Ratnikas and I run the Timelines of History website at http://timelines.ws. There is a bio on my web site.

In 2020 the file COVID-19 was added to the TofH website.

title: User:Algis


text:
Talk:Kukishin-ryū

Hehe, actually, I practiced this on a slippery, rocking boat.

Is this a copyright violation? (i.e., was this copied directly from some printed material?) --Andrew 07:27, Apr 22, 2004 (UTC)

This page has inaccuracies
I really wish people within the bujinkan would research before modifying these wiki pages. For example, this sentence: "The Kukishin blood line is still alive today but they left the martial art in Soke Hatsumi's hands to keep it alive." Not only is it uncited and incorrect, it's written in a manner innapropriate for use in an encyclopedia.

I'm deleting the "they left in Hatsumi's hands" sentence, and I will be putting accurate information about Tenshin Hyoho Kukishin ryu, Hontai Kukishin Ryu (Bojutsu), as well as Kukishinden Happo Bikenjutsu. The research I have done on these arts can be verified by browsing available amatsu tatara scrolls or at the Kuki family website (http://www.shinjin.co.jp/kuki/)

Paradoxbox2 --
 * I'm here too. I'll be adding sections as well when I get around to it. Kudos from www.kukishinden.org Mekugi 07:37, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I ran into a problem a while back with my understanding of ryu-ha while doing some research. I kept coming up with different Soke for what I thought were the same ryu... One thing I discovered was that there were different branches of the ryu that were divided up at different points. So often times you'll see two people with lineages tracing back with different people to one earlier soke, and it became a case of the soke having divided the ryu between two students. It may be important to differentiate between, say, Tenshin Hyoho Kukishin Ryu, and Kukishinden Ryu Happo Biken, for this reason.Stslavik 23:40, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

I wouldn't say that it is a problem. It's just a branch coming off the main line (the Tenshin Hyoho, for example). They exist, but are seperate. (Mekugi 13:56, 8 April 2007 (UTC))

One thing that is confusing is that the Kukishinden Ryu Happo Biken that is taught in Bujinkan is not actually a branch from any Kukishin Ryu - except for the Rokushaku Bo techniques, that did come from Kukishin Ryu. This is made more complicated by Takamatsu having the scrolls for Kukishin Ryu and helping the Kuki family restore their knowledge. But this is not the Kukishinden Ryu that was passed to Hatsumi. Olabini (talk) 19:33, 2 March 2019 (UTC)

A lot added
Whew! I have added a lot of content. Most of it is coming from the Kukishinden Tenshin Hyoho Website. There is a lot to edit out, such as the U in RYU is not Hepburn. Help greatly appreciated!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mekugi (talk • contribs) 16:36, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

History
I see you are pretty busy right now, however, as soon as you can, please add some sources (citations) of the history of this ryu. Thank you  Dao  ken  07:38, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

I'm moving on it for sure...right now i just put in some general placemarks for the references (where the material came from). Later on I plan to provide some APA style citation with page and paragraph. Kudos! Mekugi 14:19, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Sourcing
A bit of advice. The history seems to be well sourced, the Koryu listing also, the etymology as well It could be good if you could source from where are extracted the lists of techniques and the last statement about the existing branches so you don't attract a tag for lack of sources. Then you can concentrate in enhancing the content (always sourcing of course) You are doing a fine work I think Jenny Len ☤ 16:04, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Okay...I'll put together a better set of resources. Some of the history comes out of the Kuki family archives, so these are going to be hard to source. It's not my own original research, but someone else's...I just need to narrow it down as to which came from where. At any rate, Thanks to Bradford for giving it an upgrade :-) Mekugi 16:31, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I just saw that Librarian2 was finding you the Japanese isbn, that girl is one of a kind :) Jenny Len ☤ 18:31, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Conflicting sources
I've been reading Serge Mol's "Classical Fighting Arts of Japan" and his account of the history, founder, and meaning of the "nine demons" part of the ryu's name is quite contrary to what is stated in this article. I don't have access to all of the other sources referenced in this article, but I was just wondering what everyone else thought about this. If reliable sources are in conflict, then both versions should be acknowledged. Bradford44 03:42, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I observe that the citation to Mol's book is not in the name section or the founder's section but in the influence of schools, indicating the pages of that citation and not other parts of the book, so it is not conflictive. However, I don't see a citation related with the name of the school which in true should exist ℒibrarian  2  18:09, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the response. You're quite right that they are not conflicting on the points their cited for, I was more concerned with the conflict in a general sense, and was hoping someone had some insight into why Mol's account of the ryu's history would be so different from the story given here. Certainly a published book should be given more weight than a website. Bradford44 12:33, 2 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Serge Mol's book is not the greatest of resources sometimes and he mixes and matches some information. It's a good primer, but that's where it ends. For example the "Nine Demons" reference stems entirely from Hontai Yoshin Ryu and a few later writings outside of Kukishin Ryu itself. You'll see in his book that it is merely a sidenote to Hontai Yoshin Ryu on pages 199-202. In the second paragraph of page 200, you'll see a reference to Tanaka Fumon and "his research" to his school  "Tenshin Hyoho Soden Kukamishin ryu." What he is talking about here is a document found in the Kuki archives which says that one of the ancestors of Takagi Ryu recieved a document regarding the martial arts from the Kuki family. His passage not very clear and it is misleading in that the Kukishin Ryu taught in Hontai Yoshin Ryu (a Takagi ryu exponent) is a fuzoku ryu (assimilated school) to them, one that was added after Takagi ryu's creation and is passed down in conjunction; however Kukishin ryu is a seperate school,  one that predates the creation of Takagi ryu. Mekugi (talk) 12:46, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Also, I was just wondering if the Watatani, Ago, and Takahiro references (currently located at footnotes 2, 3, and 4, respectively) were in Japanese or English. Thanks, Bradford44 12:47, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
 * The references 2,3 and 4 have (Jpn) after the title indicating the language code (library ref) and the NDLC code as pertaining to the National Diet Library of Japan ℒibrarian  2  17:59, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I think the better practice is to use the ja icon tag in front of the reference. Please revert if you disagree. Bradford44 12:33, 2 October 2007 (UTC)
 * All by the contrary, I thank you. I was unaware of that template, I will integrate it to my edits. Thank you ℒibrarian  2  15:14, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

Problems
To try to keep things simple, I have two concerns for right now. One, the information regarding the kanji 鬼 in the section titled "About the Name" and elsewhere appears to be, in a word, wrong. Likewise regarding the claim at the website cited for that section. Two, should the article mention Minaki Den Kukishin-ryū? Bradford44 02:59, 3 October 2007 (UTC)
 * The Kanji

It's not wrong, it's technically accurate (meaning it's the correct way to read the name). More references can be provided- several in fact, but in Japanese. One can find the exact kanji in the scrolls and documents of the Kuki family plus within many, many reference books here in Japan; but very few in English. I think I can provide pictures of some of the scrolls as well. Kanji Daijiten (Kanji Encyclopedia) also list the kanji and its history, which is an arcaic "writing." Unfortunately, the combination of the two kanji has lost the true meaning in modern references. The Kuki family documents are the oldest in existence that have the correct, re-occuring, writing of the name.

The lineage Tree

The "lineage tree" that was posted on here was in fact the Hontai Yoshin Ryu lineage, not the Kukishin Ryu lineage.

On branches

If we mention "Minaki den" then we have to mention the rest. Why should we clutter this page up and why should they not have their own Wiki pages? My feeling is that this article is supposed to be a general overview of Kukishin Ryu, not on any of the branches. 8-D Mekugi (talk) 08:39, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

Please do not change anything before reading the content
It seems to me there are a lot of good-intended people changing the content of the page without first reading it. This has been apperant in the changing of the name definition. It seems that while this is well intentioned, it is simply a product of not reading the page and editing it. So again, please read the content of the page -before- any edits! Much appreciated! Mekugi (talk) 13:56, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

Edit Wars - What's in a name?
I think that it is time to end the edit wars on this page regarding the reading of the name. It is against Wikipedia guidelines, and it makes for an ugly editing string in the history. Please stop replacing the name's translation with another and using the citation/information I have added to the page along with it. Please cite reliable, scholarly resources or add information to the section entitled "About the Name" if you want to express yourself. Again, please use resources and not only "other websites".

For more information about Edit Wars, see here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_war
 * "Edit warring occurs when individual editors or groups of editors repeatedly revert content :edits to a page or subject area. Such hostile behavior is prohibited, and considered a breach of:Wikiquette. Since it is an attempt to win a content dispute through brute force, edit warring undermines the consensus-building process that underlies the ideal wiki collaborative spirit."

Wikipedia works best when people with opposing opinions work together to find common ground. Neutral point of view advises that all significant views can and should be documented proportionally. An edit war is the opposite of this, with two sides each fighting to make their version the only one."

Since this is not about only one point of view and the subject is already clearly explained and defined, then there should be no problem. Please cease and desist!

For more information about Citation, see here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation

Thanks!

Mekugi (talk) 16:15, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

Kempo is NOT Kenjutsu
I don't know anything about this particular style, but I am confused about some of the links. This school is listed as teaching Kempo as part of its curriculum, but the clickable link leads to Kenjutsu. On the side, the description of Kempo is "sword art." However, this is false.

Kempo is also romanized as "kenpo," so my guess is that somebody confused this for kendo, which is often used interchangeable with kenjutsu.

I would fix the word / link myself, but without being familiar with this style, I don't know if it's the wrong word or the wrong link. Anyway, here is a quick reference for anyone who wants to correct it.

Kenpo / Kempo - Japanese word for any martial art that originates from China

Kendo / Kenjutsu - "way of the sword" and "art of the sword" respectively

BlackMetalWhiteGuy (talk) 01:34, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

Hi!

This is a problem with English and Japanese. Kempo, in this case, does in fact mean "sword law" (剣法 Kempo) and is proper. It does *not* mean "sword way" (剣道 Kendo) nor does it mean "fist law"　(拳法 Kempo). The words (剣法 and 拳法) are homonyms, but the Chinese characters make them completely different, so the mistake is easily made. :-) So in summary, there is a Kempo that is similar in meaning to Kenjutsu; this is not the same as Kempo as in "fist law".

As for 拳法 Kempo (fist law) meaning any martial art originating from China, that is unfortunately inaccurate. :-(

Kudos! Mekugi (talk) 08:52, 21 February 2011 (UTC)

Notability
The Kuki family martial arts is historically interesting regarding relationships to several other budo arts inkluding the Bujinkan. I'm not sure how many surviving koryu lineages there is, but those that are alive and kicking should be notable simply for existing. We're not talking about modern arts here, where you or me can create an new "style" and then claim it relevant for inclusion in Wikipedia. --90.130.239.143 (talk) 12:03, 25 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Yupps. Also, the article looks verified enough to me. I remove the notability tag. --77.218.233.180 (talk) 03:12, 1 May 2011 (UTC)

 * I disagree. There are no secondary references. jmcw (talk) 16:03, 4 May 2011 (UTC)

 * You are stating an opinion which does not have support in facts. Bugei Ryuha Daijiten is most certainly a secondary source.
 * Serge Mol and his "Classical Fighting Arts of Japan: A Complete Guide to Koryu Jujutsu". I am not aware that he is in any way involved with the Kukishin. If you have other information, please state a source.
 * Regarding Kiyotaka Ago I understand it as he is not a member of the ryu. The Kuki family website refers to him as "a leading figure in the study of ancient history". I can not really judge that, but Mol and the BRD should be more than enough. --90.129.16.204 (talk) 09:17, 14 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Of the 13 footnotes, how many satisfy Notability "significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject"? Please consider "significant" and "independent" - the current references do not establish notability. jmcw (talk) 09:21, 15 July 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110719235908/http://www.shinjin.co.jp/kuki/hyoho/history01_e.htm to http://www.shinjin.co.jp/kuki/hyoho/history01_e.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110720000237/http://www.shinjin.co.jp/kuki/hyoho/catalog1_e.htm to http://www.shinjin.co.jp/kuki/hyoho/catalog1_e.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110722095411/http://www.shinjin.co.jp/kuki/hyoho/catalog2_e.htm to http://www.shinjin.co.jp/kuki/hyoho/catalog2_e.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110720000150/http://www.shinjin.co.jp/kuki/hyoho/catalog3_e.htm to http://www.shinjin.co.jp/kuki/hyoho/catalog3_e.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110722095606/http://www.shinjin.co.jp/kuki/hyoho/catalog6_e.htm to http://www.shinjin.co.jp/kuki/hyoho/catalog6_e.htm

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title: Talk:Kukishin-ryū


text:
Helen Garner

Helen Garner (née Ford, born 7 November 1942) is an Australian novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter and journalist. Garner's first novel, Monkey Grip, published in 1977, immediately established her as an original voice on the Australian literary scene—it is now widely considered a classic. She has a reputation for incorporating and adapting her personal experiences in her fiction, something that has brought her widespread attention, particularly with her novels Monkey Grip and The Spare Room (2008).

Throughout her career, Garner has written both fiction and non-fiction. She attracted controversy with her book The First Stone (1995) about a sexual-harassment scandal in a university college. She has also written for film and theatre, and has consistently won awards for her work, including the Walkley Award for a 1993 Time magazine report. Adaptations of two of her works have appeared as feature films: her debut novel, Monkey Grip, and her true-crime book Joe Cinque's Consolation (2004)—the former released in 1982 and the latter in 2016.

Garner's works have covered a broad range of themes and subject matter. She has written three true-crime books: The First Stone, about the aftermath of a sexual-harassment scandal at a university, Joe Cinque's Consolation, a journalistic novel about the court proceedings involving a young man who died at the hands of his girlfriend, which won the Ned Kelly Award for Best Crime Book, and, in 2014, This House of Grief, about Robert Farquharson, a man who drove his children into a dam. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) site has characterised her as one of Australia's "most important and admired writers", while The Guardian referred to her as "Australia's greatest living writer".

Early life
Garner was born Helen Ford to Bruce and Gwen Ford (née Gadsden) in Geelong, Victoria, the eldest of six children. Her sister Catherine Ford is also a writer of fiction. Garner described her upbringing as being in an "ordinary Australian home—not many books and not much talk".

Garner attended Manifold Heights State School, Ocean Grove State School and then The Hermitage in Geelong, where she was the head prefect and dux. She left Geelong after her high school graduation at the age of 18 to study at the University of Melbourne, residing at Janet Clarke Hall, and graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree with majors in English and French. One of her teachers at the University of Melbourne was the poet Vincent Buckley.

Between 1966 and 1972, Garner worked as a teacher at various Victorian high schools. In 1967, she also travelled overseas and met Bill Garner, whom she married in 1968 on their return to Australia, aged 25. Her only child, the actor, musician and writer Alice Garner, was born in 1969. Garner's first marriage ended in 1971.

In 1972, Garner was sacked by the Victorian Department of Education for "giving an unscheduled sex education lesson to her 13-year-old students at Fitzroy High School". She had written an essay about the lesson and published it under a pen name in The Digger, a countercultural Melbourne-based magazine. Garner wrote that she had intended to give a lesson on Ancient Greece, but the textbooks given to her students had been defaced with sexually explicit drawings. As a result of those drawings, the class had posed questions to Garner relating to sex, and she decided to allow an uninhibited discussion based around their questions which, as their teacher, she vowed to answer accurately.

When her identity was revealed, she was called into the Victorian Department of Education and dismissed. The case was widely publicised in Melbourne, bringing Garner a degree of notoriety. Members of the Victorian Secondary Teachers Association went on strike in protest at the deputy director of Secondary Education's decision to fire Garner. Aside from her writing for The Digger, she also wrote articles for the Melbourne feminist newspaper Vashti's Voice. Garner appeared in the 1975 independent film Pure Shit, which focuses on four drug addicts searching for heroin in Melbourne.

Early career and fiction writing
Garner came to prominence at a time when Australian writers were relatively few in number, and Australian women writers were, by some, considered a novelty. Australian academic and writer, Kerryn Goldsworthy, writes that "From the beginning of her writing career Garner was regarded as, and frequently called, a stylist, a realist, and a feminist". Her first novel, Monkey Grip (1977), relates the lives of a group of fledgeling artists, single parents, drug addicts and welfare recipients living in Melbourne share-houses. In particular focus is the increasingly co-dependent relationship between single mother Nora and Javo, a flaky junkie whom Nora is in love with, despite him repeatedly drifting in and out of her life. The novel, set in inner-city Melbourne suburbs Fitzroy and Carlton, was written in the domed reading room at the State Library of Victoria, after Garner's teaching dismissal. Years later she stated that she had adapted it directly from her personal diaries and based the relationship between Nora and Javo on a relationship she had with a man at the time. Other peripheral characters in the book were based on people in Garner's own social circle from Melbourne share-houses. Monkey Grip was very successful: it won the National Book Council Award in 1978 and was adapted into a film in 1982.

Goldsworthy suggests that the success of Monkey Grip may well have helped revive the careers of two older but largely ignored Australian women writers, Jessica Anderson and Thea Astley. Astley wrote of the novel that "I am filled with envy by someone like Helen Garner for instance. I re-read Monkey Grip a while ago and it's even better second time through". Critics have retrospectively applied the term grunge lit to describe Monkey Grip, citing its depiction of urban life and social realism as key aspects of later works in the subgenre.

In subsequent books, she has continued to adapt her personal experiences. Her later novels are The Children's Bach (1984) and Cosmo Cosmolino (1992). In 2008 she returned to fiction writing with the publication of The Spare Room, a fictional treatment of caring for a dying cancer patient, based on the illness and death of Garner's friend Jenya Osborne. She has also published several short-story collections: Honour & Other People's Children: Two Stories (1980), Postcards from Surfers (1985) and My Hard Heart: Selected Fictions (1998).

In 1986, Australian academic and critic Don Anderson wrote of The Children's Bach: "There are four perfect short novels in the English language. They are, in chronological order, Ford Madox Ford's The Good Soldier, Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises and Garner's The Children's Bach." The Australian composer Andrew Schultz wrote an opera of the same name, which premiered in 2008.

Garner said, in 1985, that writing novels was like "trying to make a patchwork quilt look seamless. A novel is made up of scraps of our own lives and bits of other people's, and things we think of in the middle of the night and whole notebooks full of randomly collected details". In an interview in 1999, she said that "My initial reason for writing is that I need to shape things so I can make them bearable or comprehensible to myself. It's my way of making sense of things that I've lived and seen other people live, things that I'm afraid of, or that I long for".

Not all critics have liked Garner's work. Goldsworthy writes, "It is certainly the case that Garner is someone whose work elicits strong feelings ... and people who dislike her work are profoundly irritated by those who think she is one of the best writers in the country". Novelist and reviewer Peter Corris wrote in his review of Monkey Grip that Garner "has published her private journal rather than written a novel", while Peter Pierce wrote in Meanjin of Honour & Other People's Children that Garner "talks dirty and passes it off as realism". Goldsworthy suggests that these two statements imply that she is not really a writer. Craven, though, argues that her novella The Children's Bach "should put paid to the myth of Helen Garner as a mere literalist or reporter", arguing, in fact, that it "is light-years away from any sprawling-tell-it-all naturalism, [that] it is concentrated realism of extraordinary formal polish and the amount of tonal variation which it gets from its seemingly simple plot is multifoliate to the point of being awesome".

Screen writing
She has written three screenplays: Monkey Grip (1982), written with and directed by Ken Cameron; Two Friends (1986), directed by Jane Campion for TV; and The Last Days of Chez Nous (1992), directed by Gillian Armstrong. The relationship between two characters in The Last Days of Chez Nous was loosely inspired by the extramarital affair Garner's second husband had with her sister.

Critic Peter Craven writes that "Two Friends is arguably the most accomplished piece of screenwriting the country has seen and it is characterised by a total lack of condescension towards the teenage girls at its centre".

Non-fiction writing
Garner has written non-fiction from the beginning of her career as a writer. In 1972 she was fired from her teaching job after publishing in The Digger, a counter-culture magazine, an anonymous account of frank and extended discussions she had with her students about sexuality and sexual activities. She wrote for this magazine from 1972 to 1974. In 1993, she won a Walkley Award for her Time magazine account of a murder trial following the death of a toddler at the hands of his stepfather.

One of her most famous and controversial books is The First Stone (1995), an account of a 1992 sexual harassment scandal at Ormond College. It was a best-seller in Australia but also attracted considerable criticism. Garner had received hate-mail from women in Australia who accused her of derailing the feminist debate, and closing ranks with the abuser. She has since commented: "Sometimes I would have these kind of panic attacks caused by the hostility that some people showed towards me. I guess I knew there was going to be trouble, but the vitriolic nature of it gave me a bit of a shock".

Garner's other non-fiction books are True Stories: Selected Non-Fiction (1996), The Feel of Steel (2001), Joe Cinque's Consolation (2004) and This House of Grief – The Story of a Murder Trial (2014). She also contributed to La Mama, the Story of a Theatre (1988). Joe Cinque's Consolation details a notorious murder case in Canberra involving a law student, Anu Singh, who drugged and murdered her boyfriend. It was adapted into a feature film in 2016. The film had premiers at both the Melbourne Film Festival and the Toronto International Film Festival, where it was generally well received, although detractors felt that the absence of Garner's voice from the story impacted the film—James Robert Douglas, writing for The Guardian, stated the film adaptation contained the "bones but not the wisdom of Garner's book".

Themes
Garner has covered a broad range of themes in her work, including feminism, love, loss, grief, ageing, illness, death, murder, betrayal, addiction and the duality of the human psyche, particularly in manifestations of "good" and "evil". Her earliest work, Monkey Grip, is well known for its untamed depiction of heroin addiction. Its central character, a single mother, falls in love with an addict in an inner-city bohemian Melbourne suburb, dotted with junkies and share houses, during the 1970s. Drug addiction, however, was not a subject Garner would revisit, aside from touching on recreational drug use among university students in Joe Cinque's Consolation. However, Monkey Grip did establish Garner's trademark theme of obsession, particularly in conjunction with love and sexuality—enmeshed with substance abuse mirroring the addiction of romantic love.

Some of her novels address "sexual desire and the family", exploring "the relationship between sexual behaviour and social organisation; the anarchic nature of desire and the orderly force of the institution of 'family'; the similarities and differences between collective households and nuclear families; the significance and the language of housework; [and] the idea of 'the house' as image, symbol, site and peace." Garner has become known for her depiction of Australian life, both in the city and rural regions—she was born in Geelong and spent much of her life in Melbourne, approximately 75 km from her hometown. Anne Myers, in an article written for The Sydney Morning Herald, recognised Garner's portrayals of the location of Melbourne as essential to Monkey Grip itself as any character: "Garner was writing Melbourne into the literary landscape and for the first time I saw my own world reflected back at me".

Joe Cinque's Consolation, This House of Grief and, to a lesser extent, The First Stone were commentaries on the justice system in Australia, how (and if) it adequately responds to crime, and the question of culpability.

Craven comments that Garner is "always an extremely accurate writer in terms of the emotional states she depicts". Many of her books touch upon the inexplicable, irrational, and dark side to human behaviour—as well as Garner's attempts to understand human behaviour and sociology, which often eludes the average Australian and wider society, as well as the Australian justice system. In The Fate of The First Stone, Garner writes that she believes most people would prefer to keep incomprehensible stories of extreme behaviour at "arm's length" because it is "more comfortable, easier". Peter Craven wrote that Garner is fearless in her honesty: "she shows us what she does not know or is too blind to see: she shows us the poverty of the self in the face of impercipience caused by sentiment or anger, prejudice, ignorance or dumb incapacity." He further commented on her ability to sometimes identify with the story's perceived villain, "[the] transgressor who at some level shares our own fingerprints". Similarly, various critics and journalists have highlighted Garner's portrayal of "ordinary people" caught up in extraordinary experiences, or the everyday person who, "under life's unbearable pressures", has "surrendered to their darker selves". James Wood, in a profile on Garner published in The New Yorker, stated that her work is absorbed in issues of gender and class, which he writes are "not categories so much as structures of feeling, variously argued over, enjoyed, endured, and escaped".

Personal life
After her marriage to Bill Garner ended, Garner married two more times: to Jean-Jacques Portail (1980–85) and Australian writer Murray Bail (born 1941), from whom she separated in the late 1990s. She is no longer married. In her work, she has been open about her struggle with depression and her two abortions.

She has one child, Alice Garner (b. 1969), from her marriage to Bill Garner. Alice Garner is also an author, as well as a musician, teacher and historian.

In 2003, a portrait of Garner, titled True Stories, painted by Jenny Sages, was a finalist in the Archibald Prize.

Novels

 * Monkey Grip (1977)
 * Moving Out (1983)
 * The Children's Bach (1984)
 * Cosmo Cosmolino (1992)
 * The Spare Room (2008)

Short story collections

 * Honour & Other People's Children: Two Stories (1980)
 * Postcards from Surfers (1985)
 * My Hard Heart: Selected Fictions (1998)
 * Stories: The Collected Short Fiction (2017)

Screenplays

 * Monkey Grip (1982, directed and co-written by Ken Cameron)
 * Two Friends (1986, telemovie, directed by Jane Campion)
 * The Last Days of Chez Nous (1992, directed by Gillian Armstrong)

Non-fiction

 * La Mama: History of a Theatre (Liz Jones with Betty Burstall and Helen Garner, 1988)
 * The First Stone (1995)
 * True Stories: Selected Non-Fiction (1996)
 * And the Winner Is–: Eighteen Winning Stories from Eltham's Alan Marshall Award, Australian Authors, Both Winners and Judges, Discuss Their Work in a Book about Writing (authors Helen Garner and Jon Weaving) (1997)
 * The Feel of Steel (2001)
 * Joe Cinque's Consolation (2004)
 * Somewhere to Belong: A Blueprint for 21st Century Youth Clubs (authors Helen Garner and Julia Hargreaves) (2009)
 * This House of Grief – The Story of a Murder Trial (2014)
 * Regions of Thick-Ribbed Ice (2015)
 * Everywhere I Look (2016)
 * True Stories: The Collected Short Non-Fiction (2017)

Autobiographies

 * Yellow Notebook: Diaries Volume I 1978–1987 (2019)
 * One Day I'll Remember This: Diaries 1987–1995 (2020)
 * How To End A Story: Diaries 1995-1998 (2021)

Essays and reporting

 * "Man with the Pearl-White Cord", Dec 2005 – Jan 2006, No. 8, The Monthly
 * "Moving Experience", September 2005, No. 5, The Monthly
 * "Punishing Lauren", June 2005, No. 2, The Monthly
 * "A Date with Darcy", 18 January 2013 The Sydney Morning Herald

Awards and nominations

 * Monkey Grip
 * 1978 – National Book Council award
 * The Children's Bach
 * 1986 – South Australian Premier's Awards
 * Postcards from Surfers
 * 1986 – New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, Christina Stead Prize for Fiction
 * Two Friends
 * 1987 – New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, Television Writing Award
 * 1987 – Best Screenplay in a Telefeature
 * Cosmo Cosmolino
 * 1993 – Shortlisted for the Miles Franklin Award
 * Did Daniel Have to Die?
 * 1993 – Walkley Award for Best Feature Writing, published in Time
 * True Stories: Selected Non-fiction
 * 1997 – Nita Kibble Literary Award
 * Joe Cinque's Consolation
 * 2004 – ABIA Book of the Year
 * 2005 – Ned Kelly Awards joint winner for Best True Crime
 * The Spare Room
 * 2008 – Victorian Premier's Literary Awards, Vance Palmer Prize for Fiction
 * 2008 – Queensland Premier's Literary Awards Fiction Book Award
 * 2009 – Barbara Jefferis Award
 * This House of Grief
 * 2015 – Ned Kelly Award – Best True Crime
 * 2015 – Longlisted Stella Prize
 * 2015 – Shortlisteds ABIA General Non-Fiction Book of the Year.
 * 2015 - Shortlisted New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards
 * 2016 – Windham–Campbell Literature Prize for non-fiction works
 * 2016 – Western Australian Premier's Book Awards – non-fiction
 * 2016 – Western Australian Premier's Book Awards – overall prize
 * Everywhere I Look
 * 2017 – Shortlist for The Indie Book Awards
 * 2006 – Melbourne Prize for Literature
 * 2019 – Australia Council Award for Lifetime Achievement in Literature
 * 2020 – Australian Book Industry Awards' Lloyd O'Neil Award and Hall of Fame
 * 2023 – Australian Society of Authors' ASA Medal

Critical studies and reviews

 * Review of This House of Grief.

In October 2023, John Powers, NPR's pop culture critic, described the Garner as "This Australian writer might be the greatest novelist you've never heard of", noting in particular The Children's Bach, and This House of Grief. He summarises: "Near the end of The Children's Bach, the womanizing musician tells Athena how to write a song. "You have to steer a line," he says, "between what you understand and what you don't." He could well be describing what makes Garner's work so compelling. Reading her, I'm always inspired that a writer who already knows so much of life never stops pushing herself into unknown territory."

title: Helen Garner


text:
Lahar

A lahar (, from ꦮ꧀ꦭꦲꦂ) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley.

Lahars are often extremely destructive and deadly; they can flow tens of metres per second, they have been known to be up to 140 m deep, and large flows tend to destroy any structures in their path. Notable lahars include those at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines and Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia, the latter of which killed more than 20,000 people in the Armero tragedy.

Etymology
The word lahar is of Javanese origin. Berend George Escher introduced it as a geological term in 1922.

Description
The word lahar is a general term for a flowing mixture of water and pyroclastic debris. It does not refer to a particular rheology or sediment concentration. Lahars can occur as normal stream flows (sediment concentration of less than 30%), hyper-concentrated stream flows (sediment concentration between 30 and 60%), or debris flows (sediment concentration exceeding 60%). Indeed, the rheology and subsequent behaviour of a lahar may vary in place and time within a single event, owing to changes in sediment supply and water supply. Lahars are described as 'primary' or 'syn-eruptive' if they occur simultaneously with or are triggered by primary volcanic activity. 'Secondary' or 'post-eruptive' lahars occur in the absence of primary volcanic activity, e.g. as a result of rainfall during pauses in activity or during dormancy.

In addition to their variable rheology, lahars vary considerably in magnitude. The Osceola Lahar produced by Mount Rainier in modern-day Washington some 5600 years ago resulted in a wall of mud 140 m deep in the White River canyon and covered an area of over 330 km2, for a total volume of 2.3 km3. A debris-flow lahar can erase virtually any structure in its path, while a hyperconcentrated-flow lahar is capable of carving its own pathway, destroying buildings by undermining their foundations. A hyperconcentrated-flow lahar can leave even frail huts standing, while at the same time burying them in mud, which can harden to near-concrete hardness. A lahar's viscosity decreases the longer it flows and can be further thinned by rain, producing a quicksand-like mixture that can remain fluidized for weeks and complicate search and rescue.

Lahars vary in speed. Small lahars less than a few metres wide and several centimetres deep may flow a few metres per second. Large lahars hundreds of metres wide and tens of metres deep can flow several tens of metres per second (22 mph or more), much too fast for people to outrun. On steep slopes, lahar speeds can exceed 200 km/h. A lahar can cause catastrophic destruction along a potential path of more than 300 km.

Lahars from the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz eruption in Colombia caused the Armero tragedy, burying the city of Armero under 5 m of mud and debris and killing an estimated 23,000 people. A lahar caused New Zealand's Tangiwai disaster, where 151 people died after a Christmas Eve express train fell into the Whangaehu River in 1953. Lahars have caused 17% of volcano-related deaths between 1783 and 1997.

Trigger mechanisms
Lahars have several possible causes: In particular, although lahars are typically associated with the effects of volcanic activity, lahars can occur even without any current volcanic activity, as long as the conditions are right to cause the collapse and movement of mud originating from existing volcanic ash deposits.
 * Snow and glaciers can be melted by lava or pyroclastic surges during an eruption.
 * Lava can erupt from open vents and mix with wet soil, mud or snow on the slope of the volcano making a very viscous, high energy lahar. The higher up the slope of the volcano, the more gravitational potential energy the flows will have.
 * A flood caused by a glacier, lake breakout, or heavy rainfalls can generate lahars, also called glacier run or jökulhlaup.
 * Water from a crater lake can combine with volcanic material in an eruption.
 * Heavy rainfall can mobilize unconsolidated pyroclastic deposits.
 * Snow and glaciers can melt during periods of mild to hot weather.
 * Earthquakes underneath or close to the volcano can shake material loose and cause it to collapse, triggering a lahar avalanche.
 * Rainfall can cause the still-hanging slabs of solidified mud to come rushing down the slopes at a speed of more than 18.64 mph, causing devastating results.

Places at risk

Several mountains in the world – including Mount Rainier in the United States, Mount Ruapehu in New Zealand, and Merapi and Galunggung in Indonesia – are considered particularly dangerous due to the risk of lahars. Several towns in the Puyallup River valley in Washington state, including Orting, are built on top of lahar deposits that are only about 500 years old. Lahars are predicted to flow through the valley every 500 to 1,000 years, so Orting, Sumner, Puyallup, Fife, and the Port of Tacoma face considerable risk. The USGS has set up lahar warning sirens in Pierce County, Washington, so that people can flee an approaching debris flow in the event of a Mount Rainier eruption.

A lahar warning system has been set up at Mount Ruapehu by the New Zealand Department of Conservation and hailed as a success after it successfully alerted officials to an impending lahar on 18 March 2007.

Since mid-June 1991, when violent eruptions triggered Mount Pinatubo's first lahars in 500 years, a system to monitor and warn of lahars has been in operation. Radio-telemetered rain gauges provide data on rainfall in lahar source regions, acoustic flow monitors on stream banks detect ground vibration as lahars pass, and staffed watchpoints further confirm that lahars are rushing down Pinatubo's slopes. This system has enabled warnings to be sounded for most but not all major lahars at Pinatubo, saving hundreds of lives. Physical preventative measures by the Philippine government were not adequate to stop over 20 ft of mud from flooding many villages around Mount Pinatubo from 1992 through 1998.

Scientists and governments try to identify areas with a high risk of lahars based on historical events and computer models. Volcano scientists play a critical role in effective hazard education by informing officials and the public about realistic hazard probabilities and scenarios (including potential magnitude, timing, and impacts); by helping evaluate the effectiveness of proposed risk-reduction strategies; by helping promote acceptance of (and confidence in) hazards information through participatory engagement with officials and vulnerable communities as partners in risk reduction efforts; and by communicating with emergency managers during extreme events. An example of such a model is TITAN2D. These models are directed towards future planning: identifying low-risk regions to place community buildings, discovering how to mitigate lahars with dams, and constructing evacuation plans.

Nevado del Ruiz

In 1985, the volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupted in central Colombia. As pyroclastic flows erupted from the volcano's crater, they melted the mountain's glaciers, sending four enormous lahars down its slopes at 60 km/h. The lahars picked up speed in gullies and coursed into the six major rivers at the base of the volcano; they engulfed the town of Armero, killing more than 20,000 of its almost 29,000 inhabitants.

Casualties in other towns, particularly Chinchiná, brought the overall death toll to over 25,000. Footage and photographs of Omayra Sánchez, a young victim of the tragedy, were published around the world. Other photographs of the lahars and the impact of the disaster captured attention worldwide and led to controversy over the degree to which the Colombian government was responsible for the disaster.

Mount Pinatubo

Lahars caused most of the deaths of the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. The initial eruption killed six people, but the lahars killed more than 1500. The eye of Typhoon Yunya passed over the volcano during its eruption on 15 June 1991, and the resulting rain triggered the flow of volcanic ash, boulders, and water down rivers surrounding the volcano. Angeles City in Pampanga and neighbouring cities and towns were damaged by lahars when Sapang Balen Creek and the Abacan River became channels for mudflows and carried them to the heart of the city and surrounding areas.

Over 20 ft of mud inundated and damaged the towns of Castillejos, San Marcelino and Botolan in Zambales, Porac and Mabalacat in Pampanga, Tarlac City, Capas, Concepcion and Bamban in Tarlac. The Bamban Bridge on the MacArthur Highway, a major north–south transportation route, was destroyed, and temporary bridges erected in its place were inundated by subsequent lahars.

On the morning of 1 October 1995, pyroclastic material which clung to the slopes of Pinatubo and surrounding mountains rushed down because of heavy rain, and turned into an 25 ft lahar. This mudflow killed at least 100 people in Barangay Cabalantian in Bacolor. The Philippine government under President Fidel V. Ramos ordered the construction of the FVR Mega Dike in an attempt to protect people from further mudflows.

Typhoon Reming triggered additional lahars in the Philippines in 2006.

title: Lahar