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The Tea Party

The Tea Party is a Canadian rock band. Active throughout the 1990s and up until 2005, the band re-formed in 2011. The Tea Party released eight albums on EMI Music Canada, selling over three million records worldwide, including four double-platinum awards, one platinum and four gold albums in Canada. Between 1996 and 2016, The Tea Party was the 35th best-selling Canadian artist in Canada.

The Tea Party toured Canada on 21 occasions and Australia on twelve. In November 2002, the band toured Canada with symphony orchestras reinterpreting a decade's worth of shared songwriting. Breaking up in 2005 due to creative differences, the band members eventually re-united in 2011 to play several Canadian tour dates during the summer. The band decided to continue after the tour and has now re-formed.

The band has since released a double live album, recorded on their 2012 tour of Australia. Video shot during this tour was released as a Live DVD/Blu-ray, The Tea Party: Live from Australia in 2013. In September 2014, The Tea Party released their album, The Ocean at the End, and the following year a deluxe version of their album, The Edges of Twilight. Their 2019 Black River EP is the band's first recording since 2014. The release kicked off a year-long celebration as the band is embarked on their 30th year together.

Early years (1990–1995)
The Tea Party was formed in 1990 by Jeff Martin, Stuart Chatwood and Jeff Burrows after a marathon jam session at the Cherry Beach Rehearsal Studios in Toronto. Each member had previously played together during their teenage years in a number of different bands in Windsor, Ontario, where they were originally from. They had decided to name their new group The Tea Party after the infamous hash sessions of famous Beat generation poets Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and William Burroughs.

The Tea Party released their eponymous debut album in 1991, distributing it through their own label Eternal Discs. The album drew influences from psychedelic rock and blues, and was produced by Martin; album production was something Martin would continue with for all of The Tea Party's albums, as a way of giving the band complete artistic control. In 1993 The Tea Party signed to EMI Music Canada and released their first major label recording, Splendor Solis. The band employed open tunings and goblet drums (Dumbek) to create Indian-style sounds, something they continued to employ throughout their career, while continuing in a blues influenced style. In 1994 the album released in Australia, with the single "Save Me" launching the band's career in the country. The band gained the support of national radio station Triple J, enabling the band's first tour, with "Save Me" becoming a staple of their setlists.

Success (1995–2000)
Further developing The Tea Party's sound in 1995, The Edges of Twilight was recorded with an array of Indian and Middle-eastern instrumentation. "Sister Awake", the third single from the album, defines what the band set out to do, combining three-piece rock compositions with music from the world. "Sister Awake" is an acoustically based arrangement on 12-string guitar, sitar, sarod, harmonium and goblet drums. The Edges of Twilight is The Tea Party's most commercially successful album; with sales exceeding 270,000 units, the album is certified double platinum in Canada and platinum in Australia.

In 1996, The Tea Party became the first Canadian band to play the main stage at Lollapalooza. Upon returning from successful tours in Canada, Europe and Australia in 1996, The Tea Party recorded Alhambra, an enhanced CD which features acoustic re-recordings of songs from The Edges of Twilight, and followed its release with a brief tour of Canada called "Alhambra Acoustic and Eclectic". English folk musician Roy Harper appeared on The Edges of Twilight reciting a poem and on Alhambra providing vocals for the song "Time".

Transmission released in 1997 saw The Tea Party's first foray into electronica with a sampled world music foundation and thrust. Transmission is a collection of aggressive songs influenced by upheavals around the band; the firing of their management and the feeling of a lack of support from their record company. Epitomising the feelings were the first single "Temptation" and the album's title song.

Triptych followed in 1999, the first single "Heaven Coming Down" rose to No. 1 on Canadian radio. The Tea Party's music took on a more orchestral sound, maturing from the blues base. Live at the Enmore Theatre, the band's first live album was released through Australian radio station Triple J during the band's tour for Triptych. In the fall The Tea Party toured in western Canada with Edwin.

Later years (2000–2005)
The band released a singles compilation called Tangents: The Tea Party Collection in 2000; that year the band was nominated for a Juno award for best musical group. They released a DVD compilation of music videos (which Martin remixed in surround sound) called Illuminations in 2001. It was recorded at Metalworks Studios in Mississauga, Ontario. The Tea Party released The Interzone Mantras later in 2001, and in November 2002 joined symphony orchestras across Canada in adapting their live show. The Interzone Mantras was recorded at Metalworks Studios in Mississauga, Ontario.

Seven Circles was released in 2004. Both The Interzone Mantras and Seven Circles saw the band return to their earlier sound with maturity.

In October 2005, The Tea Party disbanded due to creative differences, with Martin abruptly announcing he was beginning a solo career. Afterward Chatwood stated on the band's forum "that Jeff Burrows and myself are sincerely sorry for the way this was handled. As far as Jeff Burrows and myself were concerned, the band was taking an extended break."

Post-breakup (2006–2011)
In 2006 Chatwood continued to compose the Prince of Persia video game soundtracks for Ubisoft Montreal.

Burrows joined Rush's Geddy Lee and Alex Lifeson, and other Canadian musicians as drummer in the one-off project the Big Dirty Band as well as presenting the midday shift on The Rock, a radio station in Windsor. In 2008 Burrows announced that he, Edwin, Mike Turner and Amir Epstein would form the band Crash Karma, recording their debut album in early 2009.

Martin moved to Ireland and recorded his debut solo album Exile and the Kingdom, which was released in Canada and Australia in 2006. He has toured parts of Europe, Canada and Australia, and released two live albums, Live in Brisbane 2006 and Live in Dublin, in November 2006 and May 2007, respectively. In August 2008, Martin announced the formation of his new band, The Armada. In 2010, The Armada broke up. Jeff Martin founded a new band called Jeff Martin 777 with Jay Cortez on bass and Malcolm Clark on drums. Their debut album The Ground Cries Out was released on 1 March in Canada and made it to No. 51 in the Canadian Albums Chart.

Reunion

On 12 April 2011, an official Facebook page was launched with a biography section that closed with "The band is scheduled to play a select number of dates in 2011. No other info was available at this time." The following day, the local radio station K106.3 announced the Sarnia Bayfest lineup including The Tea Party, which was later confirmed by drummer Jeff Burrows on his radio show on 13 April. Burrows further stated that a Canadian summer tour was in the works. The band played several shows in Canada over that summer.

On 6 August 2011, during a show in Lévis, the band had implied that they were going to be back together permanently. Martin said "We are the Tea Party and we're here to stay. And we're never going away again." In December of that year, during a show at the Métropolis in Montreal, the band announced that they would hopefully record a new album in 2012 and that there would be no more break up; Martin confirmed earlier implications by stating that "The Tea Party is back for good".

On 22 February 2013, The Tea Party announced on its website that "The band have convened in Australia to write and record the next chapter in the Tea Party saga. Stay tuned for more updates." On 19 March 2014, The Tea Party announced via its Facebook page that the title of their forthcoming album will be The Ocean at the End. It was officially released in Canada on 8 September 2014.

In October 2016, the band announced they would be going on a 30 date anniversary tour for their 4th studio album Transmission that was released 20 years ago. The tour began 3 February. They performed the album in its entirety along with some of their greatest hits.

The Tea Party promoted their Black River EP with two singles, releasing title track "Black River" in November 2018, followed by "Way Way Down" in June 2019. The EP released on 29 November 2019, contains both songs along with three new tracks and a Led Zeppelin cover.

On 26 April 2020, The Tea Party published a newly recorded cover of Joy Division's "Isolation" to their YouTube account. It coincided with COVID-19 pandemic isolation orders that much of the world was under to stop the spread of the virus. 6 July 2020 it was made available for digital download on the band's web site. It was followed by a second cover, Everyday Is Like Sunday by Morrissey, made available on streaming music services 29 May 2020.

The Tea Party scheduled a cross-country Saints and Sinners Tour 2020 for June and July, featuring Canadian co-headliners Sloan, Headstones and Moist. With the COVID-19 pandemic forcing live venues to temporarily close, the tour was rescheduled for November 2021. The tour was later cancelled, and the announcement was made via the band's Twitter account.

Website
In September 2011, Yahoo! reported that political groups associated with the Tea Party movement were trying to purchase the band's domain name. Stuart Chatwood stated "So much damage has been done to our name by the political movement that we're considering selling (The domain)" It is estimated the band could sell the domain for over $1M U.S. The band purchased the domain in 1993, and has since added the phrase "No politics... Just Rock and Roll" to their site in order to distance themselves from the political movement. On 15 October 2011, Sedo announced that they will be exclusively listing the domain for sale on their online marketplace. In February 2012, however, a post appeared on the website's news section that said: "The band has not sold teaparty.com."

Musical style
Regarded as a progressive rock band, The Tea Party's style fuses "blues, industrial rock, and psych-blasted progressive rock with Middle Eastern influences." The band has described their style as "Moroccan-roll". Tuonela magazine described the band's style as "a very emotive style of alternative rock, with hints of grunge and even some touches of oriental music".

Members

 * Jeff Martin – vocals, guitar, sitar, sarod, oud, banjo, mandolin, dumbek, hurdy-gurdy, esraj, percussion, theremin
 * Stuart Chatwood – bass guitar, guitar, keyboard instruments, harmonium, percussion, mandolin, tambura, cello, lap steel guitar, bass pedals
 * Jeff Burrows – drum kit, percussion, djembe, goblet drums, tabla

Discography

 * The Tea Party (1991)
 * Splendor Solis (1993)
 * The Edges of Twilight (1995)
 * Alhambra (EP) (1996)
 * Transmission (1997)
 * Triptych (1999)
 * The Interzone Mantras (2001)
 * Seven Circles (2004)
 * The Ocean at the End (2014)
 * Black River EP (2019)
 * Blood Moon Rising (EU & Russia) (2021)
 * Sunshower EP (2021)

Awards and nominations
The Tea Party were nominated for 22 MuchMusic Video Awards, and were awarded three People's Choice Awards for Favourite Music Video: two for "The River" and one for "The Bazaar". "Sister Awake" director Curtis Wehrfritz was nominated at the 1996 Juno Awards for Best Director; "Release" director Ulf Buddensieck won the Best Cinematography Award at the 1998 Juno Awards.

The Tea Party have been nominated for numerous JUNO awards over the band's career including Best Rock Album, Best Group, and Best Single. They have sold over 3 million records worldwide and have 4 Double platinum, 1 platinum and 4 gold albums certifications.

The band's recent single, "Black River" peaked at #3 on Active and Mainstream Rock, and Top 5 at Overall Rock.

title: The Tea Party


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César Évora

César Évora Díaz (born November 4, 1959) is a Cuban-Mexican actor.

Biography
Évora started his career in Cuba appearing in more than ten movies before moving to Mexico in the early 1990s. He became known for playing minor roles in the seminal Corazón salvaje and the long-running Agujetas de color de rosa in 1993 and 1994, respectively. In 1995, Évora had his first leading role playing opposite Daniela Romo in Si Dios Me Quita La Vida.

Leading roles in Luz Clarita, Gente bien and especially El Privilegio de Amar soon established Évora as one of the most popular leading men in the industry. He has maintained a high profile after performances in successful productions such as La Madrastra, La esposa virgen, and Mundo de Fieras. He recently acted in telenovelas Al diablo con los guapos, En nombre del amor, Triunfo del Amor, Abismo de pasión and Amor Bravío. He will star as the villain in Salvador Mejía's new telenovela: La tempestad. In addition, he will have a special participation in Nathalie Lartilleux's telenovela: Corazón indomable.

Évora acquired Mexican citizenship in 1999.

Personal life
Évora is divorced from his first wife. He is currently married to Vivian Domínguez and has six children.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: César Évora


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User talk:Duby

Greetings! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. You can sign your name with ~. If you have questions or doubts of any sort, do not hesitate to post them on the Village Pump, somebody will respond ASAP. Other helpful pages include: Have fun! --Jiang 22:43, 4 Aug 2003 (UTC)
 * Welcome, newcomers
 * Manual of style
 * Naming conventions

title: User talk:Duby


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Peter Barry (politician)

Peter Barry (10 August 1928 – 26 August 2016) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Tánaiste from January 1987 to March 1987, Deputy leader of Fine Gael from 1977 to 1987 and 1991 to 1993, Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1982 to 1987, Minister for the Environment from 1982 to 1981, Minister for Education from 1976 to 1977, Minister for Transport and Power from 1973 to 1976 and Lord Mayor of Cork from 1970 to 1971. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1969 to 1997.

Early life and education
Barry was born in Blackrock, Cork, in 1928. He was the son of Anthony Barry, a Fine Gael TD and well-known businessman. He was educated at Christian Brothers College, Cork and then became the major shareholder in the family company, Barry's Tea.

Political career
He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fine Gael TD for the Cork City South-East constituency at the 1969 general election. He would go on to win a Dáil seat at eight successive further general elections, changing constituency to Cork City in 1977 and Cork South-Central in 1981. When Fine Gael came to power following the 1973 general election, he was appointed Minister for Transport and Power. In 1976, he became Minister for Education. In 1979, after Garret FitzGerald had become leader of Fine Gael, Barry was elected deputy leader. From June 1981 to March 1982, he served as Minister for the Environment.

From December 1982 to 1987, he was Minister for Foreign Affairs. In this capacity he was heavily involved in the negotiations which resulted in the 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement. He also became the first joint chairman of the Anglo-Irish Inter-Governmental Conference, established under the Agreement by the Irish and British governments. Following the Labour Party's withdrawal from the coalition government in 1987, Barry became Tánaiste, for a brief period. He was the first member of Fine Gael to hold the office of Tánaiste.

When FitzGerald resigned as Fine Gael leader after the 1987 general election, Barry was one of three candidates (along with Alan Dukes and John Bruton) who contested the party leadership. Dukes was the eventual victor.

He retired at the 1997 general election, at which his seat was held for Fine Gael by his daughter Deirdre Clune. She later served as a Senator representing the Cultural and Educational Panel, but resigned in 2014, on being elected as a Member of the European Parliament for Ireland South.

1986 Northern Ireland by-elections
In 1986, the fifteen Unionist members of the House of Commons in Westminster resigned in protest at the Anglo-Irish Agreement, causing by-elections. To ensure contests in each constituency, Wesley Robert Williamson changed his name by deed poll to Peter Barry, deliberately taking the name of the Irish Minister held responsible for the negotiations, and stood in the four constituencies, North Antrim, South Antrim, East Londonderry and Strangford, under the label "For the Anglo-Irish Agreement". Despite not campaigning, he won over 6,000 votes.

Personal life
His sister, Terry Kelly, served as Mayor of Limerick from 1983 to 1984.

title: Peter Barry (politician)


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Temazcal

A temazcal is a type of sweat lodge, which originated with pre-Hispanic indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica. The term temazcal comes from the Nahuatl language, either from the words teme (to bathe) and calli (house), or from the word temāzcalli (house of heat).

Overview
In ancient Mesoamerica it was used as part of a curative ceremony thought to purify the body after exertion such as after a battle or a ceremonial ball game. It was also used for healing the sick, improving health, and for women to give birth. It continues to be used today in Indigenous cultures of Mexico and Central America that were part of the ancient Mesoamerican region for spiritual healing and health enrichment reasons.

The temazcal is usually a permanent structure, unlike sweat lodges of other regions. It has various construction styles differing by region; from volcanic rock and cement adobe mud bricks even wood mud and cloth can be utilized. It may be a circular dome made to represent the uterus, although rectangular ones have been found at certain archeological sites and this shape is also used. To produce steam, water is poured over heated volcanic stones, which will not crack and explode like other rocks in confined high temperature areas. The stones may be heated with fire from an outside port or placed in a pit located in the center or near a wall of the temazcal.

title: Temazcal


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Gustaf Adlerfelt

Gustaf Adlerfelt (1671 – June 28, 1709) was a Swedish historical writer born near Stockholm, brother of Pehr Adlerfelt.

He was appointed by Charles XII "gentleman of the court" and afterwards accompanied him to his military campaigns, and writing a journal on them. He continues this work until his death in 1709 when he was killed by a cannonball in the Battle of Poltava.

title: Gustaf Adlerfelt


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Talk:Combat robot

Most of this page doubles with Battlebots. Some factorisation is in order here... JidGom 22:52, 4 Aug 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:Combat robot


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Jim Kelly

James Edward Kelly (born February 14, 1960) is an American former football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons with the Buffalo Bills. He also spent two seasons with the Houston Gamblers of the United States Football League (USFL). Kelly played college football for the Miami Hurricanes, earning offensive MVP honors in the 1981 Peach Bowl.

One of the six quarterbacks taken in the first round of the 1983 NFL draft, Kelly was selected 14th overall by the Bills. He chose to sign with the Gamblers instead and did not play for the Bills until the USFL folded in 1986. Employing the "K-Gun" offense, known for its no-huddle shotgun formations, Kelly led one of the greatest NFL scoring juggernauts. From 1990 to 1993, he helped guide the Bills to a record four consecutive Super Bowls, although the team lost each game. Kelly was also named to five Pro Bowls and received first-team All-Pro honors in 1991.

Along with teammates Thurman Thomas and Bruce Smith, Kelly is one of only three players to have his number retired by the Bills. He was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2002.

Early life
Kelly was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on February 14, 1960. He grew up in East Brady, Pennsylvania.

Kelly was a standout at East Brady High School, winning all-state Pennsylvania honors after passing for 3,915 yards, 44 touchdowns, and one interception in his high school career. After his senior year, Kelly played in the Big 33 Football Classic. Kelly also played basketball in high school, scoring over 1,000 points with six 30-plus-point games. As a senior, he led East Brady to the Pennsylvania Class 'A' basketball state quarterfinals, and averaged 23 points and 20 rebounds.

College career
Kelly was offered a scholarship to play college football at Penn State University under coach Joe Paterno, but Paterno wanted Kelly at linebacker, not quarterback. Miami Hurricanes head coach Lou Saban promised Kelly he would be playing quarterback, which lured Kelly to attend the University of Miami, though Kelly never played for Saban, who left prior to the beginning of the 1979 season. Saban was replaced by Howard Schnellenberger, and Kelly became an important piece in Schnellenberger's effort to build the program into one of the nation's best. Kelly finished his career at the University of Miami with 376 completions in 676 attempts for 5,228 yards and 33 touchdowns. He was inducted into the university's Hall of Fame in 1992.

1983 NFL Draft
Because of fellow quarterback John Elway's well-publicized reluctance to play for the Baltimore Colts, which chose him in the 1983 NFL draft, Kelly's agent asked whether there were any teams he would not play for. Kelly, who disliked cold weather, listed the Minnesota Vikings, Green Bay Packers, and Buffalo Bills. He was pleased to see while watching the 1983 draft on television that the Bills did not select him as the 12th pick in the first round, but learned from his agent that the team had another first-round pick; the Bills chose Kelly as the 14th pick. Although Kelly at the time stated that he had expected the Bills to choose him, he later said, "You have to say those things ... I cried. (Laughs) I didn't really literally cry. I just had tears. I'm like, 'You got to be kidding me.'"

Although he believed that team owner Ralph Wilson would not bring in the right players to build a championship team, Kelly was initially resigned to playing for the Bills, but while meeting with the team to negotiate his contract three days after the draft, a Bills secretary mistakenly let Bruce Allen, general manager of the rival United States Football League's Chicago Blitz, reach Kelly on the telephone; Allen persuaded Kelly to leave the meeting. Then in the first week of May, the Montreal Concordes made a counter-offer on the basis that Kelly’s girlfriend lived in Montreal. Kelly’s agent, Greg Lustig, would insist on negotiating with the Blitz and the Concordes before doing so with the Bills. By the last week of May, Lustig said he was pleased with the Bills’ proposal and Kelly expected to sign with the Bills, but in the end he would sign with a different USFL team after Ken Weinberger made negotiations during the first week of June.

Houston Gamblers
Kelly later claimed that the USFL offered him his choice of teams because of the league's interest in signing quarterbacks. He signed with the Houston Gamblers, who played in the climate-controlled Houston Astrodome, and said, "Would you rather be in Houston or Buffalo?"

In two seasons in Houston, leading offensive coach Mouse Davis's run-and-shoot offense, Kelly threw for 9,842 yards, 83 touchdowns, and 45 interceptions with a 63% completion percentage for an average of 8.53 yards per attempt. He was the USFL MVP in 1984, when he set a league record with 5,219 yards passing and 44 touchdown passes. Kelly's USFL records eclipsed those of fellow league quarterbacks Doug Williams and Steve Young. Despite Kelly's success during the regular season, he saw no success during the Gamblers' two playoff appearances as the team was defeated in the first rounds in 1984 and 1985. Kelly threw for a combined 620 yards with two touchdowns and three interceptions.

When the Houston Gamblers folded, Kelly went to the New Jersey Generals and was slated as their starting quarterback. Kelly appeared on a cover of Sports Illustrated while holding a Generals' helmet, but the league collapsed before he ever fielded a snap with the Generals.

The Greatest Game No One Saw
Led by Kelly, the Houston Gamblers took on the Los Angeles Express and quarterback Steve Young, on February 24, 1985. The game was supposed to be televised by ABC, but they opted to cover Doug Flutie's debut with the New Jersey Generals instead. Only cameramen that worked for both teams were on hand to record the game. Houston raced out to an early lead, but the Express mounted a comeback that led to them being ahead 33–14 with just under ten minutes left in the game. Kelly led the Gamblers on a comeback that would see them pull off a 34–33 win, and in the end, Kelly threw for a pro football record 574 yards breaking the mark of 554 yards set by Norm Van Brocklin in 1951.

Kelly threw three touchdown passes in the last Gambler drives of the game, including what turned out to be the game winner, a 39-yard strike to receiver Ricky Sanders. The Express thought they had the game won, especially after safety Troy West picked off a Kelly pass and returned it 42 yards for a touchdown. The Gamblers got the ball back and it just took two plays for them to score, as Kelly tossed a pass to Richard Johnson that ended up being a 52-yard score. The drive took less than a minute. The Gamblers defense forced a punt, and the offense scored again, this time Kelly found receiver Vince Courville for a 20-yard strike. The drive was aided by a poor punt from Express punter Jeff Partridge that only netted 16 yards and allowed the Gamblers to take over at the Express 43 yard line.

Kelly found Sanders for the go-ahead score, Sanders beating Troy West on the play. West had picked off two Kelly passes that day, but Kelly ended up with the last laugh. The Express were driving to get in range for their placekicker, Tony Zendejas to kick what had the potential to be the game winner. That was not to be as Young was picked off by Gamblers linebacker Mike Hawkins.

Buffalo Bills
After the USFL folded, Kelly finally joined the Bills, who had retained his NFL rights, in 1986. He helped lead the Bills to four consecutive Super Bowl appearances (Super Bowl XXV–Super Bowl XXVIII) and six divisional championships from 1988 to 1995. The Bills are both the only franchise to reach the Super Bowl four years in a row and to lose the Super Bowl four years in a row. Buffalo made the playoffs in eight of Kelly's 11 seasons as their starting quarterback. Kelly's primary 'go-to' wide receiver with the Bills, Andre Reed, ranks among the NFL's all-time leaders in several receiving categories. Kelly and Reed connected for 65 touchdowns during their career together trailing only the tandems of Peyton Manning and Marvin Harrison (112), Philip Rivers and Antonio Gates, (87), Steve Young and Jerry Rice (85), Dan Marino and Mark Clayton (79), Peyton Manning and Reggie Wayne (69), and Drew Brees and Marques Colston (68) for touchdowns by an NFL quarterback and receiver tandem. Kelly, along with Andre Reed, Bruce Smith, Thurman Thomas, and Scott Norwood, was the subject of the 30 for 30 film—Four Falls of Buffalo.

Kelly retired after the 1996 NFL season due to injuries. After sitting out the 1997 season, in 1998 Kelly seriously considered an offer to sign with the Baltimore Ravens who were coached by his former offensive coordinator Ted Marchibroda. Kelly declined the offer due to family reasons and stayed retired; the Ravens instead opted to trade with the Indianapolis Colts for Jim Harbaugh as the latter team prepared for the Peyton Manning era.

"No-huddle offense"
Kelly ran the Bills' "K-Gun" no-huddle offense, which was a fast-paced offense named after tight end Keith McKeller, that denied opposing defenses the opportunity to make timely substitutions (the NFL later changed the rules in response to this to allow opposing defenses time to change formations under no-huddle situations, but this applied only if the offense made personnel substitutions). This offensive scheme called for multiple formation calls in a huddle, so that after each play was completed, the Bills would eschew a following huddle, instead lining up for the next play where Kelly would read the defense and audible the play. This led to mismatches and defensive communication breakdowns and, in the 1990s, established the Bills as one of the NFL's most successful and dangerous offenses, instrumental in leading Buffalo to four consecutive Super Bowl appearances.

Records and accomplishments
Kelly holds the 2nd all-time NFL record for most yards gained per completion in a single game (44), established on September 10, 1995, in the Bills' game against the expansion Carolina Panthers. He recorded an NFL-best 101.2 passer rating in 1990, led the league with 33 touchdown passes in 1991, (which remained a Bills record until 2020 when it was broken by Josh Allen) and made the Pro Bowl five times (1987, 1988, 1990, 1991, and 1992).

In his four Super Bowls, Kelly completed 81 of 145 passes for 829 yards and two touchdowns, with seven interceptions. His 81 completions are the fifth most in Super Bowl history behind Tom Brady, Peyton Manning, Kurt Warner, and Joe Montana. In Super Bowl XXVI, he set a record with 58 pass attempts, and in Super Bowl XXVIII he set a record with 31 completions (this was later surpassed).

Kelly finished his 11 NFL seasons with 2,874 completions in 4,779 attempts for 35,467 yards and 237 touchdowns, with 175 interceptions, all of which are Buffalo records excluding the interceptions. He also rushed for 1,049 yards and seven touchdowns.

Including his time in the NFL and USFL, he finished with over 45,000 passing yards and 320 touchdowns. In 2001, the Buffalo Bills retired his number 12 jersey.

On August 3, 2002, Kelly was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He was enshrined during the first year he was eligible and headlined a class that also featured John Stallworth, Dan Hampton, Dave Casper, and George Allen. Fellow Hall of Fame member and former head coach Marv Levy was Kelly's presenter at the ceremony.

As of the 2022 NFL season, Kelly is the last starting quarterback to lose his Super Bowl debut and make it back to the big game.

Personal life
Kelly resides in East Aurora, New York with his wife Jill and their daughters, Erin and Camryn.

Kelly devoted much of his post-football life to his son, Hunter James Kelly, who was diagnosed with globoid-cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease) shortly after his birth on February 14, 1997, which was Kelly's 37th birthday. Hunter died as a result of this disease on August 5, 2005, at the age of 8. To honor his son, Kelly established Hunter's Hope, a non-profit organization, in 1997. Kelly's advocacy on behalf of Krabbe patients has increased national awareness of the disease. He and his wife Jill founded the annual Hunter's Day of Hope, which is held on February 14, the birthdays of both Jim and Hunter Kelly. The Hunter James Kelly Research Institute was founded at the University at Buffalo in 2004, where neuroscientists and clinicians are studying myelin and its diseases. When Kelly was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2002, he dedicated his speech to Hunter. "It's been written that the trademark of my career was toughness," he said as he choked back tears. "The toughest person I ever met in my life was my hero, my soldier, my son, Hunter. I love you, buddy."

Two of Kelly's nephews, both the sons of his younger brother Kevin, have also played quarterback. Chad Kelly played college football at the NCAA Division I level for the Clemson Tigers and the Ole Miss Rebels and took part in the 2017 NFL draft, in which he was selected last overall in the seventh round by the Denver Broncos, earning the title of "Mr. Irrelevant." He now plays for the Toronto Argonauts of the CFL and won the Grey Cup with them in 2022. Casey Kelly, Chad's younger brother, played quarterback for Mallard Creek High School, and graduated in 2019. Casey Kelly also enrolled at Ole Miss, but chose to convert to tight end and play for the team as a walk-on. Casey Kelly then entered the transfer portal in 2023 to play for Oregon, then invoked a graduate transfer to play for East Carolina in 2024.

Kelly's father, Joe Kelly, died on August 21, 2017; his mother died in 1996.

Kelly is a devout Christian, and has several business ventures, including Hall of Fame Life Promotions, a promotional company that is committed to donating a percentage of all of its proceeds to the Hunter's Hope Foundation. In 2011, Kelly founded Jim Kelly Inc. a company which produces the MyFanClip line of all-purpose clips which bear sports team logos and other insignia. MyFanClip has licensing agreements with the NFL, MLB, NHL and NASCAR. Proceeds also benefit the Hunter's Hope Foundation, his charity.

Kelly has hosted the annual Jim Kelly Celebrity Golf Classic golf tournament since 1987 to benefit his Kelly for Kids Foundation. A public charity function called StarGaze was held from 1992 to 1995 to complement the golf tournament.

Since 1988, Kelly has run a football camp for youths between the ages of eight to 18 at the Buffalo Bills facilities. It started with 325 campers in its first year, growing to over 500 campers a year. This camp provides teaching from experienced coaches and previous players from all over the country. Kelly also participates in various drills with the participants.

Kelly owned and operated Sport City Grill restaurant with the attached Network nightclub on the ground floor of Main Place Tower in Buffalo from 1993 to 1996.

On June 3, 2013, Kelly announced that he had been diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, a form of cancer, in his upper jaw. He underwent surgery at a Buffalo hospital on June 7. Kelly reported to news outlets shortly after his surgery that the procedure was successful and he was now cancer-free. On March 14, 2014, after a follow-up test at the Erie County Medical Center, it was announced that Kelly's cancer had recurred, and that he would begin radiation and chemotherapy treatment. It was announced on August 20, 2014, that doctors could no longer find evidence of cancer.

On November 1, 2014, Kelly announced he had contracted MRSA within his bones, three months after being declared cancer-free. A few weeks after the announcement, Kelly said he was MRSA-free.

Kelly announced in March 2018 that the cancer had returned. He underwent surgery that month to remove the cancer and reconstruct his upper jaw. In June 2018, it was announced that Kelly would receive the Jimmy V Award for Perseverance at the 2018 ESPYs. In late June 2018, Kelly returned to a New York City hospital for additional surgery.

On January 18, 2019, Jill Kelly announced on Instagram that Jim was cancer free.

title: Jim Kelly


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Pehr Adlerfelt

Baron Pehr Adlerfelt (1680–1743) was a Swedish colonel.

He was the brother of Gustaf Adlerfelt. In 1712 he was made colonel in the Swedish army and in 1720 was made a baron and in 1739 a member of the Riksrad (Council of the Kingdom).

He died in 1743 while defending Stockholm against the Dalecarlians.

title: Pehr Adlerfelt


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Wikipedia talk:Anti-testimonies

Re the comment cited. You might be interested in this...

http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?&range=1y&size=medium&compare_sites=infotoday.com&url=wikipedia.com#top

title: Wikipedia talk:Anti-testimonies


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Talk:Immortal Game

10. g4?
Why is g4 awarded a "?"? If it is a bad move, shouldn't there be some commentary on it? 2.24.117.101 (talk) 18:08, 10 August 2015 (UTC)
 * That probably comes from Robert Hubner's notorious annotation of the game where he strongly criticized BOTH players for their moves pretty much all the way through. I agree it deserves some explanation.--Pawnkingthree (talk) 16:28, 15 November 2016 (UTC)

In Pop Culture
Most of the entries in the "In Media" section, which you have excised, either referred to blue-linked works, or works by blue-linked authors. It is reasonable to assume that there will be readers for whom the cross-references to those works and authors would be useful. If you don't think that this section passes enough of the tests in WP:POPCULTURE, how might we revise it to conform better to Wikipedia standards, without excising it altogether? Bruce leverett (talk) 20:26, 27 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Ideally, a 'in popular culture' section (under whichever title) should be more than simply appearances of the subject in a work. A good example of what this might look like is this sentence from Eternal_Father,_Strong_to_Save:

 * The information is both more than just a mention "x appears in y" (compare with this), and it is reliably sourced to secondary source commentary. Also, the actual instance where it appears is a blue link (some of the "red links" I removed indeed has someone such as the author linked, but that means that the specific instance is probably not notable and merely an "interesting" mention...). Another good example (although I believe the section could be rewritten in prose instead of list format) is Xkcd. Thanks, RandomCanadian (talk / contribs) 21:16, 27 May 2020 (UTC)  RandomCanadian (talk / contribs)  21:17, 27 May 2020 (UTC)

Req: Re-Addition of IslandOfGames.com Link
Dear Wikipedia Editors,

I had carefully added a link to an article on the Immortal Game (http://islandofgames.com/en/chess-matches/anderssens-immortal.html), which has been deleted. I would humbly contend that the removal was performed in haste, as this article is - on closer scrutiny - in fact superior to many existing links for the following reasons:

1) Full References: The above page provides complete academic references to quotations about the match from well-known chess books and articles by grandmasters and experts like Keene, Steinitz and Tartakower. This cannot be said of most other provided links.

2) Historical Author Annotations: The deleted link clearly distinguishes annotations by historical authorities like Keene, Steinitz and Tartakower, and cites exact page numbers in the original source material where the annotations were taken from. This is of immense value to students of chess, and sets the deleted link apart from others.

3) Mobile-Friendly: The page is also mobile-friendly, and looks better on a mobile as compared to some other links.

It is for these reasons that I believe that the link is a worthy addition to the group of pages in the 'External Links' section.

If other editors agree with these points, I would respectfully request that yesterday's deletion to the link (http://islandofgames.com/en/chess-matches/anderssens-immortal.html) be kindly undone.

Thanks and Regards!

Washington Prime

 * I admit that I did not look carefully at the website, but only glanced and thought, "click bait for some game site". The article looks plausible, but I wonder if we could get a second opinion from other editors.  Bruce leverett (talk) 03:04, 14 April 2021 (UTC)

General improvements: thinking out loud

 * 1) Article can be improved with tighter citation of exemplar sources: Kieseritzky himself, Kasparov, Hooper/Whyld, and also Winter, who actually goes into the history of various versions. We already have all the "machinery" to improve a bit, the article really just needs a bit of reorganizing.
 * 2) The article's subject is reported differently in different sources. We can point to different moves in different sources, while at the same time leading with Kieseritzky's score (his account of things is the exemplar, it's published, PD and is contemporaneous with the event.)  Two of the more reputable sources agree entirely (Kasparov, Hooper/Whyld).  We can also point out some specific sources with (some of the) different moves (a book by Euwe, among others).
 * 3) Separating the ending continuation from the game proper, as a subsection or similar. REALLY call the reader's attention to this apparent fact (per the sources).  This means using qualifying language in lead about what actually took place.  Keep continuation in article (obviously), just stress (more than already) that best authority (the above) indicates that it wasn't played.  Note that "the" continuation is commonly reported in modern books as part of game, but all three of the above agree that 20. Ke2 was the actual conclusion.
 * 4) Getting referencing consistent. I think the notes-references setup is a bit hodge-podge (and I just added two small placeholder cites for the moment), and can be streamlined.  I think this is fine per WP:CITEVAR (what I see as inconsistent), conversely others might disagree, citing same.  Any pushback, please let me know here.
 * 5) Cutting unsourced/editorial game commentary. I have some books which just state the moves with very superficial commentary (which may be usable in one or two spots).  The big two with analysis at hand appear to be Kasparov and Euwe.

Basically I plan on expanding a bit and reorganizing per the above over the next few days.MinnesotanUser (talk) 22:27, 14 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Immortal Game


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Mount Bachelor

Mount Bachelor, formerly named Bachelor Butte, is a dormant stratovolcano atop a shield volcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the Cascade Range of central Oregon. Named Mount Bachelor because it stands apart from the nearby Three Sisters, it lies in the eastern segment of the central portion of the High Cascades, the eastern segment of the Cascade Range. The volcano lies at the northern end of the 15 mi long Mount Bachelor Volcanic Chain, which underwent four major eruptive episodes during the Pleistocene and the Holocene. The United States Geological Survey considers Mount Bachelor a moderate threat, but Bachelor poses little threat of becoming an active volcano in the near future. It remains unclear whether the volcano is extinct or just inactive.

The Mount Bachelor ski area has operated on the mountain since 1958, and the volcano's summit hosts the Mount Bachelor Observatory. A center of winter recreation, the area offers snowshoeing, snow skiing, snow tubing, and dog sledding, among other activities. The summit can be reached by a climbing trail that travels over lava from the volcano.

Geography

Mount Bachelor lies in the Cascade Range, within Deschutes County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is located south of the Three Sisters complex volcano, and reaches an elevation of 9068 ft. It rises 3500 ft above its base, with a proximal relief of 815 m. The volcano has a volume of 25 km3. Mount Bachelor stands 3 mi southeast of the Tumalo Mountain volcano and 18 mi to the southwest of the city of Bend, in the Deschutes National Forest.

Weather varies greatly in the area due to the rain shadow caused by the Cascade Range. Air from the Pacific Ocean rises over the western slopes, which causes it to cool and dump its moisture as rain (or snow in the winter). Precipitation increases with elevation. Once the moisture is wrung from the air, it descends on the eastern side of the crest, which causes the air to be warmer and drier. On the western slopes, precipitation ranges from 80 to 125 in annually, while precipitation over the eastern slopes varies from 40 to 80 in in the east. Temperature extremes reach 80 to 90 °F in summers and -20 to -30 °F during the winters.

Geology

Mount Bachelor joins several other volcanoes in the eastern segment of the Cascade Range known as the High Cascades, which trends north–south. Constructed towards the end of the Pleistocene Epoch, these mountains are underlain by more ancient volcanoes that subsided due to parallel north–south faulting in the surrounding region. Bachelor lies in the eastern segment of the central portion of the High Cascades.

Mount Bachelor is the youngest prominent volcano in the Three Sisters area of Oregon, a group of closely grouped volcanic peaks, in contrast to the typical 40 to 60 mi spacing between volcanoes elsewhere in the Cascades. Among the most active volcanic areas in the Cascades and one of the most densely populated volcanic centers in the world, the Three Sisters region includes peaks such as Belknap Crater, Mount Washington, Black Butte, and Three Fingered Jack to the north, and Broken Top and Mount Bachelor to the south. Most of the surrounding volcanoes consist of mafic (rich in magnesium and iron) lavas; only South and Middle Sister have an abundance of silicic rocks such as andesite, dacite, and rhyodacite. Mafic magma is less viscous; it produces lava flows and is less prone to explosive eruptions than silicic magma.

The Mount Bachelor volcanic chain, southeast of South Sister, consists of Mount Bachelor, which is the largest and northernmost volcano of the group, and a series of cinder cones, lava flows, and three shield volcanoes. The chain runs for 15 mi and encompasses an area of about 100 sqmi, trending from north to south. Its volcanoes show significant variation in size and shape, ranging from steep cones produced by mild explosive activity to the gently sloping profiles of shield volcanoes. Volcanic vents within the locale show north–northwest–north–northeast-trending trends, which correspond to normal faults (where one side of the fault moves downward relative to the other) in the region, including one at the Bachelor chain's southern end. The Bachelor chain shows that much of the Quaternary Cascades in Oregon were produced in short bursts of eruptive activity and that mafic shield volcanoes can erupt at equal rates to stratovolcanoes. The volcanoes within the field are fed by shallow, compartmentalized magma chambers.

A stratovolcano (atop a shield volcano with a symmetrical shape), Mount Bachelor formed between 18,000 and 8,000 years ago. Bachelor is composed of basalt and basaltic andesite, and though its upper volcanic cone formed after its base shield, the two edifices show similar eruptive composition. The mountain has withstood very little alteration as a result of glacial erosion besides a small cirque (an amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion) on the northern side of the volcano. Despite the small scale of this erosion, it has extensively altered the northern face of Mount Bachelor, breaking down its lava into fine powder, particularly at the glacier terminus, where the terminal moraine resembles dust. However, the volcano's glacier has shrunk in recent decades and may vanish as a result of the warming climate. The volcano's summit has a number of clustered, northwest–southeast-trending vents, which erupted block lava flows made of basalt and andesite and only exhibited minor explosive eruptions, as little tephra can be found near the vents at the summit; there is also little pyroclastic rock. There is no summit crater.

Lava flows from Mount Bachelor's summit feature phenocrysts including clinopyroxene, olivine (more rare), and plagioclase, with two phases for the clinopyroxene featuring augite and pigeonite. Textures for these eruptive products vary from intersectal to intergranular, seriate to glomeroporphyritic to subophitic, and trachytic to non-aligned.

Bachelor last erupted between 10,000 and 8,000 years ago, and is entirely covered with Mazama Ash from the catastrophic eruption of Mount Mazama about 6,845 years ago. There is no geothermal activity at present, though some areas popularly thought to be fumaroles are caused by air movement through the porous structure. Several are near the top of the Pine Marten chairlift and occasionally present a hazard to skiers and snowboarders where the snow is undermined.

Subfeatures
Mount Bachelor is associated with a number of pyroclastic cones and shield volcanoes. Nearby cones include Dry Butte, Egan Cone, Katsuk Butte, Kwolh Butte, Lolah Butte, Lumrum Butte, Red Crater, Sheridan Mountain, Siah Butte, Talapus Butte, Three Trappers, and Tot Mountain. Shield volcanoes within the vicinity of Bachelor include Sheridan Mountain, Lookout Mountain, and Kwohl Butte.

Eruptive history
The Mount Bachelor Chain has shown activity during the Pleistocene and the Holocene, mostly consisting of effusive eruptions with a small number of explosive eruptions yielding agglutinate spatter cones, volcanic bombs, and scoria. Within the Bachelor chain, mafic (rich in magnesium and iron) eruptive activity consisting mostly of lava flows and tephra fall took place over four discrete periods, beginning approximately 18,000 to 15,000 years ago as a Pleistocene glacier in the area began to retreat. During this first eruptive episode, the majority of activity occurred in the center of the chain, forming the Sheridan Mountain shield volcano. The first vents to erupt, subglacial volcanoes beneath an ice sheet west of Sparks Lake in the northwestern segment of the chain, interacted with water to produce violent explosive eruptions that ejected pyroclastic rock, which was deposited into the lakebed. Hyaloclastite deposits and thick lava flows with ice also formed in this area, along with the Talapus and Katsuk Buttes from scoria produced by later, milder Strombolian eruptions (which eject incandescent cinder, lapilli, and volcanic bombs).

The second eruptive period consisted of explosive eruptions, which constructed scoria cones and lava flows to the south of Sheridan Mountain, known as the Siah Butte vents. These extend to the south end of the chain. The third period produced the shield volcano beneath Mount Bachelor out of basaltic andesite, later constructing its summit, in addition to a shield volcano that is topped by the Kwohl Butte. ʻAʻā lava erupted from Mount Bachelor during this third period coursed down its northern and northwestern sides. By 12,000 years ago, Mount Bachelor was close to its current size, as the oldest moraines from glaciers on the mountain (which are covered by lava flows from this third eruptive episode) can be dated to this time period. The current edifice at Mount Bachelor had been finished by about 10,000 years ago, followed by a gap in eruptive activity that lasted for 2,000 years. The latest eruptive activity within the chain yielded scoria cones and lava flows, including the Egan cone, which can be observed on Mount Bachelor's lower northern flank. Due to the presence of Mazama Ash on the northern side of the volcano, no eruptive activity is likely to have happened since 7,700 years ago.

In total, the Mount Bachelor chain has produced 40 km3 of eruptive material, including Mount Bachelor's volume at 25 km3. Stratigraphic and paleomagnetic studies suggest that Bachelor's volume was produced in as little as 1,500 years.

Potential hazards
Listed at a "moderate" threat level by the United States Geological Survey, Mount Bachelor poses little threat of becoming an active volcano in the near future. It may be part of a monogenetic volcanic field, meaning that the volcano only underwent one long series of eruptions before stopping activity altogether, but it may just be inactive, and it could erupt in the future. It remains unclear whether Mount Bachelor is merely dormant or whether it is completely extinct.

The Bachelor volcanic chain lies within a lava flow hazard zone that exists in central Oregon, and eruptions from this field of mafic volcanoes may produce eruptions of tephra and lava flows extending for 3 to 9 mi from their source vents. Within areas 1.2 mi of the vents, tephra may form deposits with thicknesses of up to 10 ft, though they only reach thicknesses of 4 in at further distances beyond 6 mi. Because lava flows move slowly, they can be outmaneuvered by animals and humans, though they do pose a threat to streams and rivers, which they may dam or divert, leading to potential flood risks. If Mount Bachelor were to erupt, it would significantly affect the ski industry on the volcano, endangering visitors. An eruption from Mount Bachelor, the Three Sisters to the north, or another nearby vent in the Mount Bachelor Chain may be unlikely, but any would pose threats to the ski area.

Human history
Mount Bachelor is so called because it "stands apart" from the Three Sisters, a group of three volcanic mountains that are northwest of Mount Bachelor. In early days Bachelor Butte was frequently called "Brother Jonathan", or "Mount Brother", but both eventually fell out of use.

Around the time of World War II, 90,000 soldiers were stationed to train at Camp Abbot near Bend. During the war, Bend's community depended on sawmills and agriculture, with a small ski area opening at Mount Bachelor in 1941. In 1950, the Shevlin-Hixon mill closed, leaving hundreds unemployed before it was re-expanded several years later. By 1958, the ski hill had grown into a ski resort, after the fundraising of start-up costs by the Bend Skyliners Mountaineering Club, with the installation of the first chair lift in 1962 and the attainment of a 30-year special use permit from the United States Forest Service. Expansion continued into the 1970s, with the ski area receiving 257,000 visitors between 1974 and 1975, and more than 500,000 between 1982 and 1983.

The resort developers were concerned that skiing on a butte might be perceived by consumers as "small-time" and so named their resort Mount Bachelor. Over time the popularity of the ski area led to the name Mount Bachelor coming into popular usage, and in a divided decision, the Oregon Geographic Names Board voted to change the name from Bachelor Butte to Mount Bachelor.

In the 1980s, struggles of the homebuilding and lumber industries meant that Deschutes County saw a 15 percent unemployment rate, but construction of a local mall, a chair to the top of Mount Bachelor, and the High Desert Museum helped the economy improve with time. In 2013, the United States Forest Service approved a new master plan for further development of the resort, including a mountain bike park, more chair lifts, more trails, a zip line, and improved lodge amenities.

The volcano's summit hosts the Mount Bachelor Observatory, located at an elevation of 9000 ft above sea level, and maintained by a research group at the University of Washington Bothell and the ski resort. Research at the observatory investigates long-range transport of pollution from the Asian continent, measuring chemical features of plumes that reach the Pacific Northwest.

Recreation

Mount Bachelor ski area operates a chairlift during the summer as well as during the ski season (weather permitting), making it the only major Cascade volcano with a chairlift to the summit. Nationally known, the resort is one of the largest in the Pacific Northwest with a skiable area of 3683 acre and a vertical drop of 3365 ft, in addition to six terrain parks. The resort represents a center of winter recreational activities within Deschutes County, operating within the Deschutes National Forest and partnering with the United States Forest Service to offer activities while preserving the Oregon Cascades and the forest area. The resort offers interpretive tours with a naturalist on local flora and fauna, in addition to snowshoeing, snowboarding, snow tubing, dog sledding, and department stores. During the summer, fishing is a popular activity in the local lakes and streams, as is hiking and camping.

Climbing to the top of Mount Bachelor follows a trail that begins at an elevation of 6300 ft and gains 2765 ft to reach the summit. A single-track trail, it traverses over lava from the volcano, which appears in jagged formations. The volcano's summit offers views of the rest of the Mount Bachelor chain to the south, in addition to Lookout Mountain, the Three Sisters, Mount Jefferson, Mount Hood, and Mount Adams in Washington state.

title: Mount Bachelor


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User talk:Dayal

Hi I am Dayal from Singapore. This is a small Info on Lovely Singapore. "August 9 is a Great Day for Singapore it is the "NATIONAL DAY".

title: User talk:Dayal


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Talk:Peruvian Paso

Cleanup
This article needs cleanup badly, as it appears to be a machine translation from Spanish. Brighterorange 20:02, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

After hearing a number of supposedly knowledgeable people talk of suspensory problems of the Peruvian Paso, I wonder why there is no mention of it in this article.(Chismosa (talk) 17:08, 14 August 2011 (UTC))

All we need is a reliable source. The breeders are pretty close-lipped about it. Can't add what would be viewed as critical without a source. If you can find one, I'd be glad to include it, we do note genetic diseases in other breeds where we can source it, it's appropriate, just controversial without good footnotes. Montanabw (talk) 00:19, 16 August 2011 (UTC)

Peruvian Paso vs. Paso Fino
Hello horse lovers - how are you?

Looks like an article on the Peruvian Paso turned into one on the Paso Fino. How about one of you give the Paso Fino its own article and let this remain a Peruvian Paso article?

Finishing cleanup
The below text is needlessly techincal and not very clear. I'm not sure how relavent this is, so I've reduced the section in the main article and transcluded the text to the talk page. If someone else can make this more understandable and put it back in the article. --K e rowyn Leave a note 22:07, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

A unique trait of the Peruvian Paso is termino'' — a loose, action in which the front legs are rolled to the outside as they stride forward, similar to a swimmer's arms. Individual Peruvians may have more or less termino.

''Which makes to this animal different from other races equinas in the world is its typical air of intermediate speed, that in the others is of trote. This air Or MODALITY in walking is trote lateral 'or AMBLE and denominates level step in its more typical rate; but it can have different rates and speeds, that they can be executed as well by a same unit

''To this sum of airs it is called steps to them. During the execution of these fine steps, the mount has a single and exceptionally smooth horizontal balance; The other races of horses balance horizontal vertically and. This causes that riding it he is specially pleasant. The smoothness is one of the appreciated fundamental virtues and more in the race of this horse.

''"To Walk in Level Step", Carlos Parodi García (criador) speaks on the level step: He is to show the innate isochronal harmonic displacement of each individual search of the extremities of the horse. The animal raises the previous extremity and later of the same side, it locates the first later one in the ground and soon the previous one of the same side, also does with the other biped. Obvious this isochronal harmonic movement of individual searches goes accompanied with previously enunciated when we defined what is the "Termino".

''It is important to need that, in the harmonic time of the displacement the Peruvian horse of step gets to have greater number of extremities in support on the ground, consequently better impulsion and minor reaction at the moment of impulsion in the transfer of the center of gravity. Which one comes off the following variations in airs or modalities of the level step: Crawled Level Step, Level Step Mincemeat, Struck Level Step.

''The TERMINO: is a particular attribute that jointly and after: the smoothness and the advance, are the original and beautiful spectacle of the observation or dynamic morphologic evaluation of the horse like individual, in the mechanics of his to walk racial.

''In the Peruvian horse of step it has like characteristic, greater predominance in isochronal harmonic movements of searches in the previous members that in the later ones.

''Consequently the harmonic, isochronal execution and of peculiar graciosidad of elevation, suspension, elegant rotation outside the line of seriousness, reduction and support of each isochronal search, of previous or front extremity, denominates “Termino”.

In addition depending on the elevation of the arm, it rolls and cane will show greater or smaller agudes in the “termino”.

What's the proper bit type for the Peruvian Paso horse?
I always have seen use the curved bit (hard) on Peruvian Paso Horse reins. Is there a 'type' of bit specially suited for these horses? or are there other types that could be use depending, say, the horse itself, or depending on how confortable is with a given type of bit? Thanks

Cite
I placed that "Citations needed" on your page. Your article is really nice and the pictures of the horses are beautiful. My issue is that you have several phrases in the article such as:

''' " The always tractable Peruvian Paso presents a noble, arrogant appearance that makes him a preferred entry for shows and parades." '''

 " The Peruvian Paso was refined exclusively in Peru and has even been called that country's "national horse"  and

 " Hence, this is a favored mount for riders with back trouble " .

I'm definetly no horse expert, I know just enough to know which end is the front on the horse ;), so I'm definetly not arguing about the validity of  those statements, however, I suggest that you place a footnote or something similar to indicate what source provided that information to you. Otherwise it may be considered as original research .  Thanks

KoshVorlon  ".. We are ALL Kosh..."  18:49, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup II
This article has been cleaned up somewhat, but it would be nice to have some more footnotes and sources. But please, when you edit, remember Neutral point of view, WIkipedia is an encyclopedia, not a promotional brochure for anyone. Particularly, "Peacock" wording should be avoided, and please act with great care if naming any individual animals other than foundation bloodstock, because it can appear to be advertising. Also remember the No original research rule (which can be tough in the horse articles because a lot of stuff is known word-of-mouth-but you can usually find an article or website somewhere to cite!). If you want to look at the standard, Thoroughbred recently was given "Featured Article" status, meaning it could (someday) appear on the main page. It is a good guide to what a top-quality article on a horse breed should look like. Some other articles that have second-tier "Good Article" status are Appaloosa and Arabian horse. B class articles include Lipizzan, Morgan horse, Miniature horse and American Quarter Horse, if you want to look at articles that are a little less daunting to write. It is very important to understand that there are over 350 horse breed articles in wikipedia and every one of them has someone who thinks their breed is the best in the world and gets really emotional about it, so a neutral-sounding tone is critical. It is also important to follow the wikipedia style guidelines found in WP:MOS and remember that you are writing for a general audience who often needs explanations of jargon and technical terms, hence the need to use appropriate wikilinks. Montanabw (talk) 18:55, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Its clear someone has an "ambling" agenda. If you really look at a lot of Peruvian Paso websites and information the word ambling is not common at all. It is represented in the gait section and that is its only appropriate place. There is also way to many link to things that do not pertain to Peruvian Paso like Columbia. Also linking to brio is not even valid as its relevant definition does not exist on the page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.114.235.35 (talk) 00:55, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

 * No agenda, (smile) just wanting a neutral point of view that (among other things) does not start "my breed is better than your breed" editing wars, (trust me, they are a pain in the butt), or, worse yet, "my gait is better than your gait" spats -- plus good wikilinking to terms that are jargon to the uninitiated. I can live with not wikilinking the nation names if that is a huge deal, but it is an appropriate use (relevance to the article is not the point, it's more a reference or dictionary thing).

 * As for "brio," if it's just that the definition is wrong, then provide a correct one, but write it in a gramatically correct manner without misspellings, use correct sentence structure, and ideally, link it to the description used by the registry (I can format the link into a reference if needed).  My goal here is to just avoid jargon and that no one outside the field can understand.

 * But the ambling terminology is verifiable: per sourced material, (Bennett, who is an expert on the historical Spanish horse) any four-beat intermediate gait, particularly lateral gaits, today is in the group of gaits now collectively called "ambling." (The historic "amble" was a simple lateral intermediate gait, the term now also encompasses diagonal intermediate gaits such as the fox trot).  The term is not widespread in popular literature, but it is accepted terminology and so far the best term to describe intermediate gaits as a group. Gaited horse people may balk at it, but there is a need to have a group term for these intermediate speed gaits, and "intermediate speed smooth four-beat gait" is pretty awkward.

 * As for who has an agenda, I've been editing wiki for over two years now and it seems like all the gaited breeds spend a lot of energy explaining how one breed's lateral ambling gait is something totally different from another breed's lateral ambling gait. Peruvian Pasos do one type of lateral ambling gait, Paso Finos do a fairly similar but not identical ambling gait (and also can do a diagonal ambling gait, but they aren't supposed to), the running walk of a Tennessee Walker is an ambling gait, the slow gait and stepping pace are ambling gaits.  The Tolt of the Icelandic horse and the Rack of the Saddlebred are also lateral ambling gaits, albeit faster ones, and there is no footfall difference between them and the paso largo of the paso fino, the three only seem to differ in the style of execution.  Oh yes, and by the way, the Missouri Fox Trotter people claim that their diagonal ambling gait is superior to all the others  (sigh...)  Welcome to my world.  I just want peace in the family.  On wiki, all breeds are equally cool each in their own unique way, but none have superpowers that allow them to leap tall buildings in a single bound while invisible (grin).  Montanabw (talk) 05:02, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

I keep asking myself why "ambling keeps making its way to the top when its clear should be in the gait section which it is. Now the first sentence of History starts off with something that totally out of context and references Spanish Jennet before it is introduced as part of Peruvian Paso.  Honestly, not at any point in the page has there ever been some type of comparison that the PP is better than another breed or whatever as your reference above ""my breed is better than your breed" editing wars,".  I really think you are not being neutral and I honestly cant figure what is going on.  Yes, you do a lot of stuff for Wiki Horses but and I have taken some of your suggestions but really...honestly...what is the deal.  If you look at the Paso Fino page and history it doesnt have that reference.    —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.114.237.104 (talk) 21:32, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

 * All that's going on is basically an attempt to bring this article somewhere close to the wikipedia manual of style (WP:MOS) and the bit in the history section is a start on showing where the breed came from with a wider historical view. If you want to compare this article to an official Wikipedia Good Article, look at Appaloosa, which is another breed with both a European and American history.  On the other hand, the Paso Fino article is simply terrible.  I did a rough fumigation on it a while back to get rid of some really bad POV (the Puerto Rican and Columbian Paso Fino people don't play well together, sigh), but no one at WikiProject Equine has yet found the time to do a full rehab on it, so no defense there, I certainly wouldn't use it as a guideline to anything much.

 * The purpose of the introduction is to "tell them what you're going to tell them," or, to be a brief summary of the article. For that reason, a wikilinked mention that the four beat gait is in the ambling family is a perfectly appropriate link in the lead. (it is OK to wikilink the same concept more than once in an article if the links are far enough apart, usually once per section is considered the maximum, though)  Notice the leads in any featured article any day, many wikilinks in the lead.

 * As for the history section, the Palfrey thing was already in the article before you or I started editing it and what I did was move it from a lonesome hanging sentence in an odd location up to the history section, reword and source it -- I'm hoping that you do agree that the Spanish Jennet was the premier gaited horse of the Middle Ages, the breed that was most often used as a Palfrey (which was a type, not a breed) and the Jennet was the common ancestor of most of the gaited breeds of the Americas. This is where I am going with the ref to Bennett, who talks about this quite extensively (the truth is, that bit would make more sense if expanded, actually...but I have to dig out the book again...).  I'll admit that it's a bit awkward, but if we can hang in there, the point I'm chasing is basically a short discussion of the gaited horses in Europe.  Am certainly open to some rewording ideas, but don't want the whole concept scrapped.  Maybe we can toss the word "Palfrey," if that's what's causing the headache, but keep the rest with the Bennett cite.   Montanabw (talk) 03:36, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

You alerted me when you say "I'm hoping that you do agree that the Spanish Jennet was the premier gaited horse of the Middle Ages" and it certainly shows a favoritism, bias and possible neutrality question. What evidence do you have of this claim...in looking at the Jennet page their is not the quote of Bennet on that page and it is far more applicable. The Bennet quote is not applicable to Peruvian Paso. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.114.237.161 (talk) 14:37, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

Please read a pillar of wikipedia, which is Assume Good Faith. I am assuming that you want a good article on the PP that is accurate and that you aren't a shill for the registry trying to write a puff piece! (Grin). The historic, and now-extinct Jennet of Spain WAS the primary source of all gaited bloodlines throughout Europe, that isn't POV, that's documented history. That's why the section on gaited horses is footnoted. And please do not remove that footnote again, it is not the way we handle source disputes on wikipedia. Please read WP:CITE and the verifiability article. Dr. Deb Bennett is one of the leading writers on the history of the horse in the Americans. Conquerers, the source cited, is a very high-quality and well-respected work. As for the rest, the so-called modern "Spanish Jennet Horse" is just a gaited horse with spots, not anything particularly special. On the other hand, virtually all modern gaited horses trace to the historic Jennet (and I am thinking the historical horse needs to just be called "Jennet," as that is the more accurate term and avoids confusion. Please understand that the history of the horse in Spain and the Americas is a far broader topic than just the PP breed.   Montanabw (talk) 06:25, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

"you aren't a shill for the registry trying to write a puff piece!" First I have nothing to do with the registry and there has never been any puff at any time. You certainly claim a lot about the Jennet but why is that page so weak. If you know your stuff, then that page needs a lot of help. I agree with Jennet being a past part of the PP but its simple mixture cite is only appropriate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.114.236.70 (talk) 01:01, 28 June 2008 (UTC)

 * The Jennet page is weak because we have not yet had time to make a concerted effort to do anything more than keep vandalism out of it. There are over 1500 articles in the Equine Wikiproject, and only 5 or so editors regularly edit them.  This means that our time, effort and resources are spread over a large base.  At some point, we will get around to cleaning up all of the articles, but this will probably take a while, as all of us do have real lives outside of Wikipedia.  Just because the Jennet page is weak does not mean that we shouldn't link to it and include reliable, verifiable, sourced material about them in this article.

 * I have put the sourced material on Jennets that Montana provided back into the article, and reworded slightly to show the progression from the ambling horses of the Middle Ages through the Jennets to the Peruvian Paso.

 * This article still needs significant work and cleanup, although many of the edits over the past couple of weeks have definitely been in the right direction. My suggestion would be to first start by sourcing what's there, removing obviously false material, and adding to parts that are still light on content.  At that point, then we should discuss if anything that is true, but that you do not feel is relevant to the article, should come out. Dana boomer (talk) 16:17, 28 June 2008 (UTC)

 * It also need to be noted that the original Jennet article thought Jennets were "Jennys," i.e. female donkeys. Just cleaned out another chunk of that.  It is important to understand the historical context of horse breeds in as broad a manner as possible.  A lot of breed registries and aficionados sort of get caught up in their own mythos:  so far, I have run across several breeds that claim roots pure from prehistoric times, even though some have DNA clearly proving otherwise and none kept written pedigrees until about the 13th century AD!  LOL!  Also, at least five different breeds claim to be the breed of Bucephalus, even though NONE existed at the time of Alexander!  I've been going pretty easy on this article as far as insisting on sources goes, but Dana is right, sooner or later, someone is going to show up here and start demanding footnotes.  If you aren't comfortable doing footnotes (some days I feel like editing wiki is like writing a Master's thesis every week!)  it may be helpful to at least add some more external links we can use later to get footnotes...and if there are good books out there, perhaps add them in a "Further reading" section. Anyway, I know I'm not as diplomatic as Dana is, but please try not to get too hot under the collar over this stuff and understand that wikipedia is a collaborative process.  We'll spat like cats and dogs, but at the end there will be a darn good article come out of it!   Montanabw (talk) 04:58, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

Dana, you can not just come in and make changes that have been worked on for a long period of time. The barb, jennet and andulusian mixture needs to be together as that mixture makes the breed. The jennet is only one facet and likely not even verifiable. The reality is the Peruvian Paso's verifiable history starts in Peru. Its important that people with knowledge of the breed edit this page. Do you have a knowledge base about the breed? Do you own a Peruvian Paso? How many years have you been in the breed? You may know wiki but do you know Peruvian Paso. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.253.146.110 (talk) 19:15, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Please, Mr 70.253.146.110 (you might want to sign up and get a screen name, by the way), do not attack Dana. I fully support her position on this matter.   I have had this article watchlisted longer than anyone and have seen a number of editors come and go.  Your work has been very valuable, but it still benefits from collaboration.  Nonetheless, it is one thing to be an expert on your breed, but Wikipedia requires SOURCES.  We can't just take your word for it, even if you are an expert. (And we've had a lot of "experts" pop up who cannot support their claims) Please read WP:V and WIkipedia:No Original Research.   We are not in any way downgrading the bloodline influences on the PP, we are simply pointing out that the Jennet is the source of the gaited trait -- Andalusians are not encouraged to have gaited abilities, and the Barb isn't particularly noted for being a gaited breed, either.  The Palfrey wasn't a "breed" as we know breeds today, the term referred to a light horse that usually had an ambling gait, but it could be of many different sources of breeding.   The historical record describes the Jennet as the finest of the light ambling breeds, and Spanish horses in general as the best in Europe.  Thus, when I added the Bennett cite, I was placing the breed in a wider historical context.  We can tweak the way it's worded, but we can't change what the source actually says.  I do not know if you have read the many wikipedia articles on writing and sourcing that I have provided here, or if you've looked over the sample breed articles I have suggested, but I hope you have because they DO put everything into better context.  Now if you don't agree with what's written, please provide source material, don't just keep reverting.  We can evaluate evidence you have and, believe it or not, have been known to change our position if confronted by high-quality evidence!   Montanabw (talk) 06:46, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I have added a source that shows that PP's are a mix of Jennet, Andalusian, Barb and Friesian bloodlines. If you, Mr. (or Ms.) 70.253.146.110, have another source verifiable, reliable source that contradicts this, please point it out to Montana and I.  I completely agree with Montana when she says that we are always willing to look at other sources when they are provided.  However, you have not been providing sources to back up you POV...you have simply been deleting sourced contributions.  Until you provide the source of your information, it is not information, it is simply your opinion.  Unfortunately, Wikipedia discourages original research, and so saying that you are an expert on the matter is not enough.  This is not a jab at you - because of the inherent characteristics of the Internet, anyone can claim to be an expert, with no way to verify their claims.

 * If you want to improve as a wiki editor, I beg you to please read the information pages that Montana continues to provide for you. We are always happy to have someone who is interested in and knowledgeable about horses helping us in WP: Equine.  However, you must follow the guidelines of Wikipedia.  I know it's not always easy, and you may not always want to, but playing well with others will help you to get farther ahead. Dana boomer (talk) 15:12, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Methinks there's a missing word there...
The article presently states that:
 * Peruvian Pasos trace their ancestry to these ambling Jennets from the, as well as Barb, Andalusian and Friesian bloodlines.

From the what? I'd fix it myself, if I had any idea... Tomertalk 23:45, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Ah. From the source cited, we have the following:
 * The Spanish horses brought to Peru blended the Barb, the Friesian, the Spanish Jennet, and the Andalusian.
 * This makes me guess that what's missing is just a letter, not an entire word. Examining the history of the article, however, leads me to believe that a whole "Kingdom of Castile in what today is Spain" was accidentally deleted when the citation was given.  I've therefore reinserted the deleted text... If its removal was intentional, please re-remove it...but make sure the sentence still makes sense. :-)  Tomertalk  23:54, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, that was completely my bad. The source cited doesn't back up the fact that they all came from Castile, so I removed it.  Apparently I didn't read the sentence thoroughly afterwards, though!  Thank you for catching this :) I've removed that section of text and made sure that the sentence reads correctly now. Dana boomer (talk) 11:25, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Okie state says the FRIESIAN is an ancestor? I have to really question that one, the Friesian was a breed developed in northern Europe, and this is the first I have heard of them crossing the Atlantic with the Spanish.  If you don't mind, I'm going to cut that little factoid until we can verify off a second source, that just does not compute.  (Am beginning to seriously wonder about the Okie state site...sigh).   Montanabw (talk) 03:00, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Fine by me. I was just trying to find something that cites the fact that the Jennet is indeed an ancestor of the PP, in order to stop this little edit war we have going on.  Would you have a better source that backs this up?  I know that Bennett describes ambling horses of the Middle Ages, but does she say anything about the breeds that developed from them?  Just a thought... Dana boomer (talk) 16:29, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Note I added source material from the International Museum of the Horse to back up Bennett. That should cover it.  The IMH site also explained the characteristics added by the Andalusian and Barb too, which was nice and I think clarifies things further.  This work for you?   Montanabw (talk) 04:58, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Yup, looks gorgeous. Dana boomer (talk) 12:09, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

LInks
Someone with a political and self serving agenda (Peruvian Horse World) is making changes on the external links list. The list was put into a specific order based specific criteria...please dont mess with it in such a petty way.(User:Hoierman) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hoierman (talk • contribs) 19:21, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

 * As a neutral party to PP politics, and after a review of External_links, particularly items #5 and #10 on that list, I just did a review of all the links included and threw out a substantial number of them because they are primarily sale and straight PR sites, social networking, or have an unacceptable amount of advertising. I kept the two that primarily contained educational material, I kept all the breed registries, and only threw out one magazine that appears to be a Peruvian culture magazine, not limited only to the horse breed.  I have no horse in this race, so to speak, just trying to keep the list in compliance with wikipedia guidelines.   Montanabw (talk) 22:57, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

You have made some mistakes if you are trying to be neutral. I originally posted all of those links because I felt it best to include any and all resources that might be used to better inform the reader. You speak of "Link Farms" as bad so let me give you an example of a link farm you are oblivious to. The Peruvian Digest magazine is no longer in business and has not published a magazine in a couple of years. The site is used to promote specific breeders so it literally is a "Link to Farm". You took off the Orgullo del Peru magazine site which is a magazine that has some editorial you can read online hence "informing". Since you are not in the breed and are just refereeing/monitoring so to speak its understandable you not knowing details. The bigger question is are the external links used to help guide people so that they can make informed decisions...if so all of the links that I originally posted should be reevaluated. I believe that readers should not be subjected to the nanny state and be allowed to find information and evaluate its usefulness on their own. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hoierman (talk • contribs) 22:02, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Please don't be upset, just read the policies of wikipedia, particularly the article I linked above. There's a method to the madness here.  See WP:EL:  "Links in the "External links" section should be kept to a minimum. A lack of external links, or a small number of external links is not a reason to add external links."   The policy is just the opposite of "include any and all resources."  I have no problem tossing the Peruvian digest if it's just a spam site, or you can toss it if you like, all I can say is that in reviewing links, the home page came up, it looked like a magazine, so I didn't toss it in the big dump.  But if it's bogus too, toss it, I don't care.  (Just don't start an edit war with whoever else it is that keeps adding/deleting links)  The point here is that the main thing "External links" are supposed to be for are things like official websites on a topic, and things that for some reason (usually length or copyright restrictions) cannot be included at some point in the article itself.  Sometimes as a compromise, people post links to less than perfect sources here on the talk pages with a note that says something like, "if you need research sources for the article, here are some links and why they might help."

 * Another caution: One thing I see on some breed articles are links being inserted and deleted by different "political" factions within the breed, particularly if there are multiple registries. That seems to be going on here a little, though I've seen worse:  For example, there were problems with both the miniature horse and shetland pony articles for a while.  I also periodically have to go in and babysit the Paso Fino article because the Columbian Paso Fino crowd and the Puerto Rico Paso Fino crowd don't like to play together in the same sandbox.  And please, do NOT get me started on the "this breed can stop bullets and leap tall buildings in a single bound" things that periodically pop up on the Friesian horse and Andalusian horse articles!  =:-O

 * Oh, and remember to sign your posts.  Montanabw (talk) 23:06, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

The First Horses in Peru
" The first Horses to arrive in Peru landed in 1531 with Governor Don Francisco Pizarro. The Spaniards knew that horses were prerequisite to the conquest. Horses in Peru came from Spain, Jamaica, Panama and other areas of Central America. From among them were selected prototypes brought by the viceroys of Spain." book link Arsdelicata (talk) 12:43, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Now watch it go into the article!   Montanabw (talk) 04:51, 9 January 2009 (UTC)

Genetic stuff
Look for more info on these conditions: DSLD: Degenerative Suspensory Ligament Desmitis/ ESPA: Equine Systemic Proteoglycan Accumulation. Montanabw (talk) 23:22, 12 March 2014 (UTC)

"This" Lacks a Clear Antecedent
Article says at start of a paragraph: "This characteristic gait was utilized for the purpose of covering long distances over a short period of time without tiring the horse or rider." The antecedent of the demonstrative "This" is unclear. Please edit by adding a noun or phrase to read like, " This paso llano gait" or "This sobreandando gait. . . " so that one knows which gait the paragraph is talking about. The preceding paragraph spoke of 2 distinct gates. Which one does "This" refer to? The closest antecedent is the sobreandando gait, but the content of the paragraph favors the paso llano gait interpretation. [Emphasis above mine.] (EnochBethany (talk) 15:17, 20 February 2015 (UTC))

 * Feel free to review the sources and make an edit.  Montanabw (talk)  20:27, 21 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Peruvian Paso