text:
Talk:Shafter, California

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title: Talk:Shafter, California


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Talk:South Taft, California

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:South Taft, California


text:
Talk:Squirrel Mountain Valley, California

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Talk:Stallion Springs, California

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title: Talk:Stallion Springs, California


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Talk:Taft, California

Untitled
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Yay for me living here! And btw, if you vandalize this, I'm watching... - Xiong Chiamiov 23:57, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

If it genuinely used to be called Moron, it doesn't need vandalising... (By the way, is there a source for this?) Richard75 21:59, 15 July 2007 (UTC) \\

Taft's police force
Please straighten this out once and for all:Any Wikipedians who live in this city can solve this dilemma...

Does Taft still contract with the Kern County Sheriff's Department, or does it finally have its own full-blown Police Department now?...what does the sheriff's website say?...just curious...thanks...Baldwin91006 (talk) 03:01, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

Never mind, the Kern sheriff's website says that Taft still contracts out to the sheriff for its services...Baldwin91006 (talk) 03:29, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

Taft definitely has a police department. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.169.45.183 (talk) 22:34, 20 November 2018 (UTC)

See City of Taft Police Department. Note however that there are two Tafts; there is a City of Taft but there is also an area called Taft that includes the city but is much greater. It is confusing and even their planning document is inconsistent. Much of what people call Taft is outside the City of Taft and therefore not served by the Taft PD. Sam Tomato (talk) 23:12, 16 October 2020 (UTC)

Cat litter's beginnings here in Taft?
Remember world-famous Jonny Cat cat litter?...the origins say that most of the clay came from the Taft area..can anyone verify this?...Baldwin91006 (talk) 03:41, 22 January 2009 (UTC)

There is a Jonny Cat in the area off Petroleum Club road. I assume they get the litter there but I really don't know. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.129.177.2 (talk) 22:34, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

Two tafts
There are two Tafts. There is the Taft zip code and Taft is the only allowable city for that zip code. There is the city of Taft, that has the majority of the population but is much smaller geographically. It is confusing. There should be separate articles, but what should they be called? Perhaps there should be a separate article for the city of Taft, and this article with the generic name should be for the wider area (zip code or whatever) called Taft. Sam Tomato (talk) 18:03, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

It is very common for the zip code area to be larger than the city. This is not "another Taft" but a way to direct the mail. The article is about the city. City articles often include the surrounding areas because of local relationships such as work, shopping or recreation. Ford City, South Taft, and the like can get separate articles of there is sufficient sources about them. Fettlemap (talk) 18:43, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

Yes definitely it is common for the zip code area to be larger than the city. It is also extremely common for a single zip code to have several community (city and/or neighborhood) names. I have never seen an incorporated city named the same as an unincorporated area. It is confusing; just look at the question above about the Taft police. As I said there, the city of Taft has two very different definitions of Taft City Limits. People living in the 93268 zip code outside of the city might not realize that they do not live in the city of Taft. Yes I know that there are separate articles in Wikipedia for communities such as Ford City, South Taft and Taft Heights. That is a good start. And the Wikipedia is just representative of what others do, the Wikipedia should not try to make changes elsewhere. I however do not see much of an explanation here of the difference between the incorporated city and the unincorporated areas. Sam Tomato (talk) 23:35, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

Climate
The article (currently) says that Taft is a desert yet the authority provided for that is a very general map that I consider useless for that. I cannot find a more specific map, either in the site referenced or anywhere. There are no cacti growing naturally anywhere around Taft. If Taft is in a desert then what desert? It is not in the Mojave desert. Sam Tomato (talk) 20:13, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

See the article Deserts of California. It certainly excludes Taft as being in a desert. Sam Tomato (talk) 20:22, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

I think the PDF Atlas of the Biodiversity of California - Climate and Topography at https://www.coastal.ca.gov/coastalvoices/resources/Biodiversity_Atlas_Climate_and_Topography.pdf indicates that Taft is a desert. I am not sure how to reference that as an authority. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sam Tomato (talk • contribs) 22:43, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Taft, California


text:
Talk:Taft Heights, California

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title: Talk:Taft Heights, California


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Talk:Tehachapi, California

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Severe pruning
This article was an absolute disaster. Between a lack of focus on the topic (the city of Tehachapi, not half of Kern County), a severe lack of references, and an obsessive list of mentions (down to a listing of all of the hotels, bank branches, and churches), this page needed to be put on a severe diet. I cleaned out the worst of the junk, the uncited assertions, the unrelated stuff (radio stations from Los Angeles, weekly newspapers from other towns), and the peacock phrases ("Tehachapi has a four season climate, which can be considered special in California), and the extra "demographics" section; one per article is enough, thank you. The article needs to be restructured and rewritten, but most of all it needs to be referenced. Please don't re-add all of the nonsense that had filled up the article previously.  Horologium  (talk) 00:34, 13 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Good work, I was going to try and come back to this article, but didn't know where to start. I cleaned out the external links about a month ago, and they were just as bad. Cmr08 (talk) 05:51, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

 * I would love to see mention of the wind farms in the local hills. I need source on this, but I do believe this is the largest wind power array in California. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.249.110.213 (talk) 16:06, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

Somebody needs to fix the record high for the weather conditions in Tehachapi, the article says the highest temperature ever record was 115F on June 30, 2013. But the weather channel shows that the highest recorded temperature was 103°F in 1995. Please add a citation and not what your personal thermometer says.2602:306:BD6F:46D0:8C6E:70B3:C724:ECD5 (talk) 04:04, 3 February 2014 (UTC)

Distance to Tonopah.
It has been irefutably established that it is in fact possible to drive any kind of rig that's ever been made from Tehachapi to Tonopah. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.217.170.8 (talk) 19:01, 17 March 2014 (UTC)

Schools?
Even Wiki articles for Podunk towns like Tehachapi usually have some mention of where the local rug rats are educated.

2606:6000:FECD:1400:BDBF:81C1:3598:B6E5 (talk) 23:14, 17 June 2019 (UTC)

Music
November 5, 2021 Margo Cilker released a song called "Tehachapi" from her album Pohorylle. Cilker claims, that she "wrote this song after meeting someone from Tehachapi and getting swept away in the mythology of place that is all too typical of the American West". Cilker is a country musician from. Seems she also needs a side on wikipedia. Her are some links:   (MEiNORGE (talk) 21:57, 14 November 2023 (UTC)) — Preceding unsigned comment added by MEiNORGE (talk • contribs) 19:04, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tehachapi, California


text:
Talk:Tupman, California

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title: Talk:Tupman, California


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Talk:Valley Acres, California

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title: Talk:Valley Acres, California


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Talk:Wasco, California

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title: Talk:Wasco, California


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Talk:Weedpatch, California

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this seems incorrect
"Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,484 persons (93.5%)"

I don't understand the above sentence -- since the total population is stated as being 2,658... with 45% being white... 2603:6010:8D03:8275:75AF:C5EE:2B22:F1B3 (talk) 23:05, 29 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Weedpatch, California


text:
Talk:Weldon, California

South Fork School
￼ Those are around South Fork School centered in Weldon. Grades K-8 two different schools and different places the enrollment count can go to. 173.16.218.155 (talk) 22:07, 4 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I don't understand what you are trying to say. Drmies (talk) 22:08, 4 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Weldon, California


text:
Talk:Wofford Heights, California

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title: Talk:Wofford Heights, California


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Talk:Armona, California

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External links modified
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Talk:Avenal, California

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title: Talk:Avenal, California


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Talk:Letcher County, Kentucky

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Jenkins Days
E-mail, somewhat redacted by me, from a long-time and current resident of Jenkins:

"Thought I might give the little bit of information on Jenkins Days to you. The event really never moved.  There was actually a split between the festival committee and the new mayor. The “Jenkins Festival Committee Inc.” decided to hold a festival in competition with the official Jenkins day. With the announcement of the “other festival”, the town denied permits which would have put the two festivals in direct competition with each other. So, Jenkins Festival Committee Inc. searched the county for a new location and ended up having a festival a week before the other in Whitesburg. The original Jenkins Days is now call Jenkins Homecoming days and is celebrated in town during the same original dates. It was a lot of small town politics that brought the whole thing to a head." Bill (talk) 13:53, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Letcher County, Kentucky


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Talk:National Basketball League (Australia)

Importance
Listed as High, surely the NBL isn't a highly important article to wikipedia! Davo499 (talk) 06:29, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

Format fault
Why does the first line start indented one space? I can't find anything in edit to fix it. RickK 02:24, 29 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Looks fine for me using Mozilla 1.4 on Windows. Maybe this is a technical issue with the new software. What browser are you using?--Robert Merkel 03:35, 29 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * IE 6.0. But this seems to be the only article that I see this happening in.  RickK 02:47, 30 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * I was wrong. I'm seeing it happening in other articles now, too.  But it does seem to have started since the new software.  RickK 03:15, 30 Jul 2003 (UTC)

There is an issue through all the NBL team pages (and this one). It refers to awards, etc. from the 1998/9season (where a season runs over parts of two years) onwards as only the year that it finished. As per cricket seasons, these should be referred to as 1999/00 or 2006/7, not 2000 and 2007. These should obviously all be corrected and not left as incorrect just because all the pages are formatted the same way. BartBart (talk) 02:41, 20 March 2010 (UTC)

League's first year
Wasnt the leagues first year 1979, not 78? Koberulz 10:54, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

SMH article on Ch.9 broadcasting
I reckon we should scrap the mention of that article. It was such a beatup and had no evidence to point to. Burton was very careful not to give any indication some deal had been done.
 * I disagree...I believe it should be mentioned and can easily be added to if it hasn't happened. Big Dan 11:25, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
 * So you'll publish stuff here regardless of whether they're based on facts? The story seemed pure heresay. If it doesn't happen, you'll have to scrap it, and if it does happen, why not write about it then...when it is fact.
 * Not necessarily, you can always mention the rumours of such a deal. THOUSANDS of other articles here at Wikipedia, if not MILLIONS have done the same thing. And it wasn't like it was just made up. This was in a newspaper seen by thousands, and on a associated website seen by potientally millions. So its not like its been made up out of thin air by a punk looking to cause trouble. I'd leave it in there for the time being. Big Dan 12:58, 30 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Right, I have just added to the article that is ONLY a rumour. That way, it an be easily edited as being nothing more than a rumour, or if it does happen, it can be edited from that point as well. Does that make you happy, or do you want emulate Orwell by saying no such article exists? Big Dan 13:03, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Just because the Herald ran a baseless claim, you think it's worth mentioning? The fact is they don't know either. You seem to think if it's in the Herald, it must have some authority. It's just a journalist speculating because they have to invent a story for the paper. There's absolutely no confirmation talks are happening, or even that the networks are interested. You're giving the journalist far too much credibility. On Wikipedia, I want to read facts about the NBL, not rumours.
 * Have I got news for you mate...pick up a copy of today's Australian, and turn to the Media section. Nine are about to announce that they will be broadcasting a one hour highlights package for the rest of the season. Oh, and a bit of advice. How about identifying yourself in future? Not that hard... In anycase, the article should stay. Big Dan 02:30, 5 October 2006 (UTC)
 * 11.30am, starting October 15, on Nine and its affilates, highlights of the South Dragons and Wollongong Hawks. How you do like them apples? ;) Big Dan 02:33, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

All Star Game
Does anyone have any information on previous All Star games? I think it would be good to have a page (or just a section) on the NBL All Star Game. Such as previous teams, selection criteria, locations, etc. Aceboy 11:36, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

Should be able to find that information in a Media Guide. Beg the league for a copy or ask a player/media person for one of their old spares.

Minor Edit
Coast FM don't have a Hoops Show anymore so i have taken it out of the broadcasting details.

Minor Edit 2
I've added that 3XX 1611 AM have begun broadcasting NBL in Melbourne - this can be confirmed on their website at http://www.radio1611.com.au and on their myspace page (which in their blog lists the first two games they covered).

I'm unsure if SEN in Melbourne still broadcast NBL or not. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.178.240.183 (talk) 17:29, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:NBL Australia.jpg
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Team Location Graphic
Could the author of this picture please adjust the location of Wollongong please? It is not below Canberra it is only just south of Sydney —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.101.13.42 (talk) 09:54, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

I was just thinking the same thing. How does it look now? Davo499 (talk) 06:28, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

RIP Sydney Kings
http://www.smh.com.au/news/basketball/sydney-kings-are-dead/2008/06/12/1212863791918.html

Sydney Kings are no more. 202.139.104.226 (talk) 08:09, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

So, Larry Sendstock says the Kings aren't 100% in for 2010/2011 season...Mightymouseman (talk) 02:02, 27 February 2010 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:NBL2007-08.gif
The image Image:NBL2007-08.gif is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

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Clean-up of content
I apparently must gain "an unanimous agreement by the wiki NBL community in the talk page" before I may change content in the infobox, as said by Energy110. As my edits have been reverted 3 times already, I will do so. I wish to remove flagicon's before team names, remove bullet points, and add correct disambiguation. If there is any disagreeance, please inform as to why. --2nyte (talk) 15:40, 1 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Because we took State Pride seriously. 125.168.97.231 (talk) 05:15, 2 April 2013 (UTC)

 * You will need to further elaborate, but from that statement I assume you don't agree with the changes I propose. Well I am sorry to inform you this but Wikipedia does not care of your or any others "State Pride". Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, and not a place for state rival or any personal agenda. --2nyte (talk) 10:22, 2 April 2013 (UTC)

 * 2nyte, please stop it. We welcome you to contribute, but wiki isn't a place to do rule nazi things. We should pay a lot respect to the creators and long-term members who have spent a lot of time contributing to this project. The infobox has been maintained in that way for a long long time and nobody has a problem about it, so should you.2sc945 (talk) 15:30, 3 April 2013 (UTC)

 * As I have said before this is an encyclopedia, not a blog. Respect to the creators and long-term members is nonexistent. Every Wiki member has equal input and as such, this page should conform as with every other article. Do not take it personal, I am not doing this under spite, but the infobox must change to conform with all others. As in National Basketball Association; flags must be removed as per Template talk:Infobox sports league and bullets must be changed to Unbulleted lists. This should be an easy edit with little/no complaint, the fact that there is so much complaint means only one thing: that personal agenda is getting in the way. Wiki is not a place for personal agenda. Again, if there is any disagreement, please inform as to why. --2nyte (talk) 22:42, 3 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Here is a simple solution: you must go away. The fact that you've put wikipedia ahead of the wikipedians community means you don't know how wikipedia works. There are no universally fixed rules as long as there is no objections from the community. You can continue doing what you like but you won't achieve anything. It's like fighting against the waterfall, totally worthless. My suggestion to you is forget sbout this site and go to another site. Here is another NBL wiki site similar to this one except they have been set up not long ago by some ppl from the ozhoops community. They are less organised and you have more freedom to do what you want there: NBL Wiki. 101.119.30.50 (talk) 07:35, 4 April 2013 (UTC)

 * All I am doing is trying to clean up this page. All my changes have so far been accepted (or at least haven't been reverted), but why is change to the infobox of such concern. I respect the Wikipedia community, that is why I am here in the Talk page discussing the edit, but I have not yet received a response as to why the edit should not be made. Please give me a comprehensive reason as to why this edit should not be made. --2nyte (talk) 11:55, 4 April 2013 (UTC)

 * I wondering why would you bother to 'fix' something which is deemed acceptable here in the first place. Why on Earth you have the idea that you just have to make those adjustments? You probably don't know that most wikipedians contributing in the NBL project here are West Australians, including myself, DaHuzyBru (who is also the editor-in-chief for australiabasket.com), Mark, Energy110, SatuSuro and a couple of guys from ozhoops (where West Australians also form the largest community). Even Chuck Harmison, the NBL General Manager is a regular contributor here. We are a close community, if something is not okay in the infobox, we would be the first ones to fix it. 2sc945 (talk) 14:33, 4 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Why do you have to question me? Just face the fact that I would like to change the infobox, which is perfectly reasonable. I acknowledge that you don't agree with my changes, so I am asking you why don't you agree. Stop complaining, stop telling me to go away and stop asking me to question myself. Just explain what you find unacceptable about my proposed changes. --2nyte (talk) 15:10, 4 April 2013 (UTC)

Ok 2nyte. I have looked over the revision history for the NBL page and I'm now commenting to inform you that you are probably not going to win this one. I mean, all the changes you made are just asking to be reverted/removed. Despite being big changes that aren't going to please many people, you are also not giving edit summaries yourself. The NBL community (whoever they may be) is not going to accept these changes which have been generally accepted for so long now. Personally, I don't really care as all I do in terms of the NBL is basically player pages/profiles and the rosters so yeah, keep fighting but like I said, I don't think you're going to win. DaHuzyBru (talk) 02:24, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
 * And tbh, know one cares about this Template talk:Infobox sports league. It's out dated and I've never heard anyone talk about this before. Flags are fine, why do you care so much about whether there are flags or not? The NBL is the NBL, we don't have to base it on the NBA's style, ok. DaHuzyBru (talk) 02:29, 5 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Ok, this is an explanation into what I would like to change and why. Please inform me why you do/don't agree with the changes.
 * First the flags: I personally think they are visually unappealing, quite excessive and unnecessary. The clubs don't represent the state or country in which they are from, they are franchises and merely represent themselves. Also it's quite unnecessary to have a flag when the the teams name is "New Zealand" or "Preth". In therms of flags besides TV partner names; I added a direct link to the Broadcasting section which explains in detail from which country the TV partner is from; so again, unnecessary.
 * Secondly, remove the bulleted list. I think we sould change to Unbulleted list, again for visually appeal (it just looks cleaner and simpler). So I think I explained my edits to the infobox, which appears to be reasonable to me. Also I just noticed that the National Basketball League (New Zealand) infobox does not have any excessive flags, or "Related competitions" that are infact unrelated.
 * Thirdly, the disambiguation. I think a clean-up should be done to quite a few National Basketball League articles, which I am preparing to do myself of you allow me to. I just want to link to a disambiguation page which lists articles associated with the same title rather then just adding a list of titles. Again this is due to the current version being visually unappealing, quite excessive and unnecessary.
 * --2nyte (talk) 03:35, 5 April 2013 (UTC)

So far I have done everything I intended to do, with the exception of removing flagicons as many protested this change. I would still prefer to remove the flagicons, though it won't hurt to leave them for now. --2nyte (talk) 06:18, 5 April 2013 (UTC)

Brisbane Bullets 2013–
I have noticed that Brisbane Bullets were added to the Current clubs section by Special:Contributions/58.107.247.140 referring that they will join from the 2013–14 season. I have looked it up and can't find a source to support this. I just wanted to know if this is true or not and if Brisbane Bullets should be removed for the Current clubs section as they were before. --2nyte (talk) 06:24, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
 * You are correct. They have not been re-instated into the league. Whoever keeps adding them in is wrong. DaHuzyBru (talk) 06:50, 5 April 2013 (UTC)

Awards
Hi, I wanted peoples opinions on merging various NBL Award articles to one page. These various articles include:

 * 25th Anniversary Team (2003)
 * 20th Anniversary Team (1998)
 * Most Valuable Player
 * Most Valuable Player – Grand Final
 * Coach of the Year
 * Rookie of the Year
 * Most Improved Player
 * Best Defensive Player
 * Best Sixth Man
 * Good Hands Award (defunct)
 * Most Efficient Player (defunct)
 * All-NBL team

The reason to do this is that all the articles are rather small and not really worth being separated into 12. It would also be easier to update 1 page rather than 12. I have previously done this with List of A-League honours, so that is basically how I intend for it to end up. Also regarding the name of the page, I suggest List of NBL honours. Thoughts? Opinions? --2nyte (talk) 10:29, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. Over the years, so many things have been linked to these pages i.e. player awards in player infoboxes. If you removed/merge all these pages, all that is gonna stuff up. I'm definitely saying no to this. DaHuzyBru (talk) 10:35, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Yeah, you're right. I didn't notice that. --2nyte (talk) 10:45, 5 April 2013 (UTC)

Australia or Australasia
Hi,

I am a bit confused regarding whether or not the NBL is Australasian or Australian. According to , it seems that the NBL is an Australian-based league. Are there any secondary sources supporting the fact that the NBL is Australasian?

I need to be able to find a secondary source to substantiate this claim in the leading section, because it appears, according to  that is it based in Australia. I understand that the New Zealand Breakers are involved in the competition, but this does not necessarily indicate that it is an Australasian based league. Any input or links pointing to reliable secondary sources substantiating this claim would be greatly appreciated.

--Hrbm14 (talk) 04:33, 26 September 2013 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Move. Cúchullain t/ c 21:18, 28 January 2014 (UTC)

National Basketball League (Australasia) → National Basketball League (Australia) – Consistency with Category:National Basketball League (Australia), and the league refers to itself as "Australian" here. It does include a New Zealand team, but Radio New Zealand calls it "Australia's National Basketball League competition". StAnselm (talk) 06:46, 11 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Comment is natural disambiguation possible? Otherwise I'm actually a little confused on which is better--I think the proposed disambiguation device is good enough and would mild support. Red Slash 17:36, 11 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Support Clearly the Australian "National" league; not the Australasian "Inter-national" league. Timmyshin (talk) 00:29, 14 January 2014 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Melbourne United
Why are Melbourne United listed with a start date before 2014?

They were a new entity who openly stated that they did not share the historical lineage of the Melbourne Tigers.

The NBL page should reflect that; the Melbourne Tigers are defunct, Melbourne United has no history before the existing season. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 1.122.239.86 (talk) 00:04, 6 February 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified (February 2018)
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NBL as competition or private company
There has been an ongoing dispute over whether the article should characterise the NBL as a basketball competition or as a private company that happens to operate a basketball competition.

In my view, the former is obviously correct. As is evident if you read the rest of the article, it is about the competition, not the company. And given the article is about the competition, it ought to refer to the competition by its common name, the National Basketball League.

115.42.1.170 seems concerned that, although the NBL is the name commonly used for the league, for technical reasons related to how the company is structured this is an "incorrect" usage. Their arguments seem dubious to me, but are moot in any case because for Wikipedia's purposes we prioritise recognisability over absolute technical accuracy: even if it were the case that it was incorrect to call the basketball competition "the NBL", whatever that would mean, we would go by the name which is predominantly used. – Teratix ₵ 14:52, 15 February 2023 (UTC)

 * The following attempted discussion is copied from editor The-Pope’s Talk page.

 * The-Pope, “I note you are a follower of Australian Football and, uncommonly, have been able to distinguish between the entities (AFL, WAFL, SANFL, TIAFA, South Fremantle AFC and other leagues, associations and clubs), the competitions and the sport of Australian Football.

 * The National Basketball League is a misnomer as it has never been a league of teams or clubs but just a single organization operating a competition. Basketball Australia in one of its entity forms (among bankruptcies and restructures) was the owner and operator of the NBL competition and spun the NBL off into as subsidiary company, National Basketball League Pty Ltd and then sold the majority of shares to Larry Kestelman. The name "National Basketball League" is a trading name of National Basketball League Pty Ltd, which means behind the name, is the company. A trading name such as 'Jack's plumbing' is not a separate thing but is just Jack, trading as 'Jack's plumbing'. "National Basketball League" and "NBL" are trademarks used by National Basketball League Pty Ltd which means behind the names is the company. There is no separate entity or thing called the National Basketball League. What you refer to is not the National Basketball League but the National Basketball League's competition. The NBL's competition is not the NBL. The competition should be referred to as the "NBL's competition". You would not refer to a school fete as the school. You would not refer to a swimming competition as Fremantle Pool. Regards,115.42.1.170 (talk) 23:32, 14 February 2023 (UTC)

 * One of your edit summaries referred to "common use" in reference to names but when that use is mistaken or otherwise incorrect, it shouldn't be utilized in Wikipedia to further mislead. We can't protect fools from themselves but Wikipedia and its editors shouldn't be misleading and deceiving. You're an Aussie Rules supporter. Many people mistakenly call Australian Football "AFL" but Wikipedia makes the correct distinction and does not mislead readers on some justification that it is "common use".

 * In your request for page protection, you claimed:

 * "editor has a very strange concept of what this article is about ... and thinks this article is about a company, and not a league."

 * but a league is a type of organization, so an article about the National Basketball League is about the organization, which is the company. The NBL's competition is not the NBL, its the "NBL's competition". Regards, 115.42.1.170 (talk) 11:27, 15 February 2023 (UTC)

 * In response to Teratix’s comments above and their reference to “common name”, the article is about the NBL which is the organization. The competition is not the NBL, it is the NBL’s competition. Most of the article is logically going to be about what the NBL does, i.e. the NBL’s competition but that doesn’t mean the lead should make incorrect and misleading statements. Editors and readers are capable of understanding the distinction. State the NBL is a company and move on with the story.  The alternative is to be deliberately misleading.

 * The article is not just about the NBL competition as it refers to other programs, junior development and other competitions operated by the NBL, its funding, ownership, president, other company directors, company CEO, company office bearers, company headquarters address, company commercial partners and contracts. Therefore, the article is clearly about the organization, not just its main competition. The article is capable of being about both and providing information about the organization (company) and its competition. The issue here is whether the nature of the organization as a company is deliberately obscured by a misleading article as some editors want for undisclosed reasons. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 115.42.2.137 (talk) 22:51, 15 February 2023 (UTC)

 * Your argument falls apart once you ask "What is the NBL's (the company) competition called?" Well, it's called the National Basketball League (the competition)! A league is after all an association of teams for the purpose of competing, and a company is almost always used to give such an association structure and legal personality (even at grassroots sporting levels). The distinction you are attempting is (a) not actually useful for the vast majority of readers who are trying to find information about the NBL (the competition) and (b) only correct in a limited set of circumstances (e.g. discussing the NBL's (the companies) finances. In most scenarios, the competition and the company are actually identical. 00:56, 16 February 2023 (UTC)

 * Exactly! The company and the competition are identical because there is only one identity - the company! The competition is just something the NBL company does and the competition has no identity of its own because it is not an entity, just an action. The article has to be about a thing, an entity, not about a nothing. As to the question posed above, "What is the NBL's competition called?, the NBL's own website refers to it as "the competition" and one instance of the "NBL competition". The current competition is called the "Hungry Jack's NBL23". The NBL's competition is also referred to as "NBL premiership" and the finals are called the "NBL championship", so don't claim the competition doesn't have a separate name to the organization. The generic term used by the NBL itself is "the competition". Other sport organisations call their competitions the "AFL club premiership", AFL-Womens and the equally unimaginatively named W-League but the NBL has an arrangement with Basketball Australia to operate only one competition - the men's national/supranational competition, so it doesn't really need a distinguishing name. In any case, it is usual to name non-entities. School and club fundraisers or events are rarely given a name other than a descriptive designation, along the line of 'NBL's competition'. The distinction as to the organization and its competition is useful to correctly inform readers and most readers are well capable of coping and understanding. As editor 5225C's comment above indicates, there is nothing unusual and certainly nothing wrong about a sport organization being incorporated. Correctly identifying that the NBL is a company that operates a competition and then most of the rest of the article inevitably being about its competition is not a threat to the article. The article already extends beyond the NBL's main competition to the organization's other competitions (e.g. NBLxNBA) and other activities (e.g. Graduate Development Program), so the article is very apparently about the organization (company) and not just the competition. The correct statements do not detract from the article and seem to be opposed only by certain editors, who, for reasons they have not properly explained, want to hide that the NBL is a company.115.42.2.137 (talk) 06:10, 16 February 2023 (UTC)

 * To be clear, I am disagreeing with you. You are trying to make a distinction between NBL (company) and "the NBL's competition". One thing we can agree on is that there is no practical difference between them. The NBL is both a company and a competition. The competition has become a company in order for the competition to have a legal personality (teams can't exactly sign a contract to compete in a competition unless there is a body for them to sign an agreement with, just as an example). You are trying to distinguish between the two in favour of presenting the NBL as a corporate body. This is not technically incorrect, it is a company, but the company exists to run a competition of the same name. When people come to Wikipedia, they are typically looking for information on the National Basketball League (a competition), not looking for information on the National Basketball League (corporate body). It would therefore be incorrect to present the NBL as a company. The examples you are quoting don't actually support your argument anyway, but I don't think I have the vocabulary to explain linguistically why. 5225C (talk • contributions) 12:37, 17 February 2023 (UTC)

 * 5225C, You set the standard of proof for your position with your question "Your argument falls apart once you ask "What is the NBL's (the company) competition called?", but when your claim is comprehensively shown to be wrong as the competition is referred to by separate names, you move-on in serial argument. You state you don't have the vocabulary to explain and that is the root cause. You have lived with a misconception that a league is a competition when a league is a type of organization. Look at a dictionary definition of league, it is an organization. In both your comments above, you suggest that a competition is formed and then an organization (in this case a company) is made to operate that competition. When people or clubs come together for a common purpose, in the case of sport, a competition between them, they have formed a league. They are in league together. The league is the form of organization between them. The league is formed before there's even been a competition. In league together, they organize and operate a competition. The league is the organization, not the competition. Early sport competitions were organized by individuals, schools, church groups, universities, etc ("clubs") coming together for one-off matches and competitions and agreeing rules. These were informal leagues with no lasting rules or competitions. This became more permanent with the clubs forming more formal leagues to set rules and organize regular competitions. The league organizations came before the competitions they organized. You've been living with a complete misconception as to the meaning of a league. An article about a league is, by definition, about the organization but the content would be mostly about what that league does, in the case of the NBL, about its competitions. You use weasel word arguments stating (in double negative) "This is not technically incorrect" but then claim "It would therefore be incorrect". In plain speak, my edit is correct but from your own POV, based on your misconception and misuse of language, you just want the article to be different. You want the article to represent your own misconception and to mislead others into the same misconception. Conveniently for your argument, you completely avoided addressing the inescapable point that the article is already about other activities and programs of the NBL and not just its main competition and therefore the article is already about the organization and not its competition. I am not trying to make the article entirely, mostly or (as you try to suggest) "in favour" about the company like some corporate register or record, nor am I trying to make it less about the NBL's competition as you suggest. My edit made a single statement that the NBL is a company that runs the competition and moved-on quickly to have an article overwhelmingly about its competition and other activities. Why is this a threat?115.42.4.73 (talk) 02:34, 18 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Nobody has said it's a threat, and you seem to believe that we are working under a misconception (we're not) and/or that we're trying to mislead people (we aren't). I'm not repeating myself again. The distinction you are making is not useful and is incorrect for the purposes of Wikipedia as I have stated above. There is no consensus for the changes you wish to make and none will be formed at the current rate. I have nothing further to say in this discussion, but if you choose to take it to another forum I will follow you there to rebut you (with a linguistics major in tow). 5225C (talk • contributions) 06:59, 19 February 2023 (UTC)

Current Teams Map Formatting
The map of current teams is not properly formatted for mobile. The pins are scattered way off the map itself. I would fix it myself, but am inexperienced with that type of formatting. Experienced editors, please review and fix if possible. 2601:1C2:1900:E840:D82A:525F:6277:D30F (talk) 02:32, 11 October 2023 (UTC)


text:
Jerome Cavanagh

Jerome Patrick Cavanagh (June 16, 1928 – November 27, 1979) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Detroit, Michigan from 1962 to 1970. Initially a popular figure, his reputation was seriously damaged by the city's 1967 riots, the most destructive of any U.S. city that decade. He was the first mayor to reside at the Manoogian Mansion, donated to the city by the industrial baron Alex Manoogian.

Early life and family
Jerome P. Cavanagh was born on June 16, 1928, in Detroit, the son of Mary Irene (Timmins) and Sylvester J. Cavanaugh, a boilermaker at Ford Motor Company. He attended the University of Detroit, earning an undergraduate degree in 1950 and a law degree in 1954, and practiced law in Detroit after graduation. He was active in Democratic Party politics while attending school, and afterward served in low-level appointed positions as an administrative assistant at the Michigan State Fair Authority and as a member of the Metropolitan Airport Board of Zoning Appeals. Cavanagh was a Roman Catholic. He is the brother of Mike Cavanagh, a former Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court (1983–2014) and father of eight children, among whom are Mark Jerome Cavanagh, since 1989 a judge on the Michigan Court of Appeals, David Peter Cavanagh and Christopher Francis Cavanagh (both former Wayne County Commissioners), and Phil Cavanagh (a former member of the Michigan House of Representatives).

1961 mayoral campaign
In his first campaign ever, the 33-year-old Cavanagh entered the 1961 Detroit mayoral race, one of eleven candidates in the nonpartisan primary opposing incumbent Louis Miriani. None of these candidates was seen as serious opposition to Miriani, who had an enormous amount of institutional support and had easily won the mayoral race four years earlier. Cavanagh ran second to Miriani in the primary, earning a slot in the general election, but received fewer than half the primary votes Miriani did. However, Cavanagh campaigned relentlessly, criticizing Miriani's handling of Detroit's financial affairs and race relations with the city's African-American community. Many in the black community believed Miriani condoned police brutality. On election day, black voters turned out in force, and Cavanagh stunned political observers by defeating the incumbent Miriani.

Mayoralty
Cavanagh got off to a popular start as mayor, appointing a reformer to be chief of police and implementing an affirmative action program for most city agencies. Unlike Richard J. Daley, who resisted forced implementation of the American civil rights movement, Jerry Cavanagh welcomed Martin Luther King Jr. to Detroit, and marched with him in June 1963 down Woodward Avenue in the 100,000 strong Detroit Walk to Freedom.

Cavanagh was successful in receiving money from the U.S. federal government through the Model Cities Program. New skyscrapers were built downtown. The Model Cities Program was a key component of President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society and War on Poverty. Begun in 1966, it operated five-year-long experiments in 150 cities to develop new antipoverty programs and alternative forms of municipal government. The ambitious federal urban aid program succeeded in fostering a new generation of mostly black urban leaders. Detroit was one of the largest Model Cities projects. Mayor Cavanagh was the only elected official to serve on Johnson's task force. Detroit received widespread acclaim for its leadership in the program, which used $490 million to try to turn a nine-square-mile section of the city (with 134,000 inhabitants) into a model city. The city's political and business elite, and city planners, along with the black middle class, wanted federal funding to assist the economic growth of the entire city. They sought to protect the central business district property values from nearby slums and to construct new revenue-generating structures. However local community organizers and civil rights activists rallied poor residents in opposition to these plans. They said federal renewal funding should be used to replace deteriorating housing stock, whether with new public housing or low-cost housing built by private developers. The Model City program was terminated in Detroit and nationwide in 1974 after major race riots in most of its target cities.

Observers believed that Detroit had extinguished the embers of resentment left over from the 1943 Detroit Race Riot.

For example, Fortune magazine commented:

"the most significant is the progress Detroit has made in race relations. The grim specter of the 1943 riots never quite fades from the minds of city leaders. As much as anything else, that specter has enabled the power structure to overcome tenacious prejudice and give the Negro community a role in the consensus probably unparalleled in any major American city.

Negroes in Detroit have deep roots in the community, compared with the more transient population of Negro ghettos in Harlem and elsewhere in the North. ... more than 40% of the negro population own their own houses."

The economy of the city also seemed in generally good health. The National Observer commented:

"The evidence, both statistical and visual, is everywhere. Retail sales are up dramatically. Earnings are higher. Unemployment is lower. People are putting new aluminum sidings on their homes, new carpets on the floor, new cars in the garage.

Some people are forsaking the suburbs and returning to the city. Physically Detroit has acquired freshness and vitality. Acres of slums have been razed, and steel and glass apartments, angular and lonely in the vacated landscape, have sprung up in their place. In the central business district, hard by the Detroit River, severely rectangular skyscrapers—none more than 5 years old—jostle uncomfortably with the gilded behemoths of another age.

Accustomed to years of adversity, to decades of drabness and civil immobility, Detroiters are naturally exhilarated. They note with particular pride that Detroit has been removed from the Federal Bureau of Employment Security's classification of 'an area with substantial and persistent unemployment.'"

Buoyed by this optimism, Cavanagh was reelected overwhelmingly in 1965. In 1966, Cavanagh was elected president of both the United States Conference of Mayors and the National League of Cities, the only mayor to hold both posts at the same time. He served as president of the United States Conference of Mayors until the following year.

1967 riots
However, deeper problems existed under the surface. After World War II, the automobile industry, requiring more lateral space than was available in a city, and desiring to avoid city taxes, decentralized its operations. As with other cities, Detroiters were leaving Detroit for its suburbs by the thousands by 1967. Some 22,000 residents, mostly white, moved to the suburbs in 1966 alone, following new auto plants and new housing, or using the newly constructed Interstate system to commute into Detroit.

Detroit faced serious financial trouble. Cavanagh had inherited a $28 million budget gap in 1962. To close the gap, and to pay for the new programs he wanted to implement, Cavanagh had pushed through the legislature income and commuter taxes for Detroit, but these proved unpopular with residents and businesses.

On July 23, 1967, a police attempt to break up an illegal party escalated into what would be known as the 12th Street Riot. Feeling a large police presence would make things worse, Cavanagh acted slowly to stop the riots. Late Sunday afternoon, Cavanaugh and city officials met at the 10th precinct with black community leaders and neighborhood activists. When asked why it took so long to call in the guard, Cavanaugh replied "because they're all white. Were leery about that." Rioting lasted for five days, killed 43 people, left over 5,000 people homeless, and required two divisions of federal paratroopers to be put down; these would be the most destructive of the approximately 400 riots that American cities experienced in the 1960s. Cavanagh himself had to admit in July 1967, "Today we stand amidst the ashes of our hopes. We hoped against hope that what we had been doing was enough to prevent a riot. It was not enough."

The view that Detroit was a “Model City" led to the belief that it might not suffer the same race-related troubles of many other cities. The riots came as a complete shock to Cavanagh. He was, moreover, procedurally limited in his ability to control the riots as it was the role of Governor George Romney to ask for federal assistance once it appeared local resources might not be sufficient. By the time the National Guard had been called in, riots had already reached a massive scale. Cavanagh believed that a prompt federal response may very well have greatly reduced the severity of the riots. Cavanagh chose not to run for reelection in 1969.

Later career
The latter part of Cavanagh's second term was also difficult for him personally. Cavanagh had run for the United States Senate in 1966 but lost in the Democratic primary to former governor G. Mennen Williams. In July 1967, Cavanagh's wife Mary Helen filed for separation, and the couple split the custody of their eight children. In October, Cavanagh counter-sued, and in 1968 the couple went through a contentious and public divorce.

After Cavanagh left office, he returned to his private law practice in Detroit and was also one of the first adjunct professors at the newly created Public Policy Department (later renamed The Gerald Ford Public Policy Institute) at the University of Michigan. In 1974, Cavanagh again ran for office, this time for Governor, but lost in the primary election to Democrat Sander Levin, who later lost in the general election to Republican William Milliken. It was Cavanagh's last attempt at political office.

Cavanagh died of a heart attack on November 27, 1979, at St. Joseph Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky, while visiting a client in that city. He was 51 years old. He is buried in Mt. Elliott Cemetery in Detroit.

title: Jerome Cavanagh


text:
Talk:Hiberno-Latin

Untitled
Are you sure about the spelling of Hisperic? Was there some Hisperia? i didn't know the word. -- Error

 * The name "Hisperic" comes from the "Hisperica Famina," a collection of poems in this vein. Hisperic seems to be deformed from "Hibernia."  See : http://www.bartleby.com/211/0502.html -- IHCOYC 11:38, 29 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Um. There was Hesperia (Westland) that Greeks put in Italy and Romans in Spain. And also the Hesperides islands (Canary or Cape Verde). Maybe the Irish monks identified their island with Hesperia. -- Error

 * It sounds plausible to me that "Hisperica" represents some kind of portmanteau word on Hibernia and Hesperia. This is the sort of thing they were into.  FWIW, the famina in Hisperica Famina means "speech," another neologism formed on the root fa- from fari. -- IHCOYC 13:34, 31 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Use of term Hiberno-Latin
Hiberno-Latin is also used to refer to the whole body of writing in Latin that originated in Ireland in the Middle Ages. Obviously, since most of it differs in no way from mainstream Medieval Latin, its not of note linguistically. However it certainly is of note as a distinctive literary culture. I've not been able to find a WP article on Medieval Latin Writing from Ireland (does one exist?). In any case, I would think this other use of the term Hiberno-Latin should, at least, be clarified in the article and possible expanded on. Thoughts? ANB (talk) 20:40, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

 * “Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia”, Volume 2, edited by John T. Koch, states, without citation, that there is some evidence supporting the proposition that the "Hisperica Famina", a leading work in Hiberno-Latin, may have been written by a Breton. This is an intriguing suggestion, as the Bretons were, among early medieval Europeans, peculiarly fond of Hebrew names.  They claimed a partial descent from the Hebrews through Saint James the Major (the St James alleged to be buried at Compostela in Galicia, Spain).  Certainly Brittany was founded in 383 by the Western Roman emperor Magnus Maximus, who was born on Count Theodosius's estate near Compostela; Saint Ambrose declared "the emperor has become a Jew" when Magnus issued an edict in 387 or 388 which censured Christians at Rome for burning down a Jewish synagogue.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Zoetropo (talk • contribs) 03:04, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hiberno-Latin


text:
User talk:66.108.247.197

Hi, welcome to wikipedia.

I notice on the Edward VIII of the United Kingdom page and on some others you have lowercased peerage and royal titles. Please stop doing that. Wikipedia policy is not to lowercase titles. So your changing of the Duchess to duchess, Prince of Wales to prince of Wales etc. in that article is incorrect. In fact the heir to the throne's title is never written in lowercase, always as Prince of Wales. The problem is that where people make a lot of lowercasings of titles people tend to respond by reverting to the last version with the correct titles, which may mean that all other edits done by you and everyone else between the correct one and the point where the error is spotted, may get wiped out as the page ends up turned back to the last correct spelling and capitalisation version. The wiki policy on royal titles and capitalisation can be found in Naming conventions (names and titles)

The best of luck on wiki. I hope you enjoy the place. FearÉIREANN 02:37, 29 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Titles/Capitalization
Unfortunately, in my view, the Wikipedia convention regarding the capitalisation of titles makes no journalistic sense, though I will do my best to adhere to such a policy.

Example: It should be the duchess of Windsor, when using the article "the", or the duchess, upon second reference to the woman in question, no capitalization ... this is conventional journalistic practice per the reference book Words into Type. However, when writing "Upon her marriage, she became Duchess of Windsor," without the article "the," the D would be capitalized, again per Words into Type.

Perhaps it might be easier if the Wikipedia convention would be to capitalize upon first usage, for linking purposes throughout the system, and then follow the commonly accepted journalistic convention regarding "the."

Otherwise, one is left with such hypothetically possible and amazingly inelegant, hyper-capitalized sentence structures as: "Then King Justinian and Queen Flamboyance joined the Princesses Ella, Bella, and Stella in the White Drawing Room of the Royal Palace, where they took tea with Baron Smith, Viscount Jones, the Marquess of Hoo-Haw, and the Duchess of Brighton."

Let me know what you think.

April 2021
Please refrain from attempting to make unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been [ disallowed by an edit filter.] If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism may result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. FF-11 (talk) 09:05, 25 April 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:66.108.247.197


text:
Stallion (disambiguation)

A stallion is an adult male, ungelded horse.

Stallion may also refer to:

In the military

 * ADI Stallion, an American home-built utility aircraft
 * Helio Stallion, an American STOL utility aircraft
 * SS-N-16 Stallion, a Soviet anti-ship missile
 * USS Stallion, two US Navy tugs
 * Ashok Leyland Stallion, a range of trucks produced for the Indian Army

In business

 * Stallion Group, a Nigerian multinational conglomerate
 * Stallion Bus and Transit Corp., an American bus manufacturer and distributor
 * Stallion, South African name for the Toyota Kijang series of pickup trucks and minivans
 * Stallion, code name for the HTC Inspire 4G smartphone

Arts and entertainment

 * Stallion (band), an American pop rock group
 * The Stallion, a series of five songs appearing on the 2003 Ween album All Request Live and originally recorded across the albums The Pod, Pure Guava, Chocolate and Cheese and Craters of the Sac
 * Stallion (Gobots), a figure in the Gobots toyline
 * Stallion (Suikoden), a character in the Suikoden series of role-playing video games
 * Stallion, an American gay-themed adult magazine
 * Megan Thee Stallion, an American rapper

United States

 * Baltimore Stallions, a former Canadian Football League franchise based in Baltimore, Maryland
 * Birmingham Stallions (1983-1986), a former United States Football League franchise based in Birmingham, Alabama
 * Boise Stallions (1999-2001), a former Indoor Professional Football League based in Boise, Idaho
 * Buffalo Stallions (1979-1984), a former Major Indoor Soccer League team
 * Dallas Stallions (1999), a former American professional roller hockey team based in Dallas, Texas
 * Houston Stallions (2010-2012), a former indoor football team based in Houston, Texas
 * Las Vegas Stallions, a former National Premier Soccer League team based in Las Vegas, Nevada, established in 2013
 * New Jersey Stallions (1996-2004), a former team in the United Soccer Leagues, originally the New York/New Jersey Stallions
 * Oklahoma Stallions, an American Basketball Association team based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
 * Springfield Stallions (2006-2007), a former Continental Indoor Football League team based in Springfield, Illinois
 * St. Louis Stallions, a proposed National Football League team to be located in St. Louis, Missouri

Elsewhere

 * Marconi Stallions FC, an Australian association football club
 * Brampton Stallions (2001-2006), a former Canadian Soccer League team
 * Saskatoon Stallions, a Canadian minor league baseball team
 * Doncaster Stallions (1969-1970), a defunct English motorcycle speedway team
 * Northallerton Stallions, original name of the Catterick Crusaders, a rugby league team based in Catterick, North Yorkshire, England; also known as the North Yorkshire Stallions in 2011
 * Coastal Stallions, a former Fijian rugby union team
 * Waicoa Bay Stallions, a New Zealand rugby league team
 * Sialkot Stallions, a cricket team based in Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
 * CDU Stallions, the sports teams of the Cebu Doctors' University in Mandaue, Philippines
 * Stallion Laguna F.C., a Filipino association football club

title: Stallion (disambiguation)


text:
Aly Khan

Prince Aly Salomone Khan (13 June 1911 – 12 May 1960), known as Aly Khan, was a socialite and ambassador for Pakistan. He was the son of the Aga Khan III, and the father of Aga Khan IV.

A socialite, racehorse owner and jockey, he was the third husband of actress Rita Hayworth. After being passed over for succession as Aga Khan, he served as the Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations from 1958 to 1960, where he became a vice president of the General Assembly.

The titles of prince and princess, which are claimed by children of the Aga Khan by virtue of their descent from the Qajar king Fath Ali Shah of the Persian Qajar dynasty, were recognized as courtesy titles by the British government in 1938.

Birth and education
Aly Khan was born in Turin, Italy, the younger son and only surviving child of the Aga Khan III and Cleofe Catterina Teresa "Ginetta" Magliano. His father was born in Karachi, British India (now in modern-day Pakistan). His mother was Italian. His paternal grandparents were born in Iran. He had two brothers: Mohammed Mahdi Khan, known as "Giuseppe" (who died in 1911) and, by his father's third marriage, Sadruddin Aga Khan. Aly Khan was educated by private tutors in India and France during his childhood. He later trained in England as a lawyer. As a 12-year-old boy, he knew Orson Welles. Years later, both of them were husbands of Rita Hayworth.

Military service and honours
In 1939, Prince Aly Aga Khan joined the French Foreign Legion and served with its cavalry division in Egypt and the Middle East. In 1940, he joined the Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry, becoming a lieutenant colonel in 1944. That same year, he participated in the Allied landing in the south of France with the United States Seventh Army, serving as a liaison officer with the rank of captain; for this, he was made an officer in the Legion of Honour in 1950.

He also was awarded the Croix de Guerre and the United States Bronze Star Medal.

Prince Aly Khan was installed as the 1st Colonel of the Regiment of the newly raised 4 Cavalry Regiment (1 November 1956), Pakistani Army in a military ceremony during 1957 and he retained this honor until his death.

Ambassador of Pakistan to the United Nations
In November 1957 Aly Khan met President Iskander Mirza of Pakistan and was offered a post as the country's Ambassador to the United Nations. The formal announcement of the appointment was made on 6 February 1958.

As a member of the United Nations Political and Security Committee representing Pakistan, Aly Khan's brief U.N. posting was viewed with surprise by many observers, some of whom considered him "the Asian-African answer to Irene Dunne", an American movie star not known for her political skills; Dunne had recently been designated a member of the United States delegation at General Assembly, largely in recognition of her Republican fundraising efforts.

He was elected as vice president of the United Nations General Assembly on 17 September 1958 and also served as chairman of the U.N.'s Peace Observation Committee.

Personal life
Prince Aly Khan was famously a man-about-town in his youth. "I had been involved with several women", he gamely told a reporter when asked about his life. His list of affairs included high-profile lovers such as the British debutante Margaret Whigham, later Duchess of Argyll, Thelma, Viscountess Furness, an American who was simultaneously involved with the Prince of Wales, British entertainer Joyce Grenfell and British socialite and hostess Pat Marlowe. Of his first wife, he remarked, "I was tired of trouble. Joan was a sane and solid girl, and I thought if I married her, I would stay out of trouble."

First marriage
Aly Khan was named co-respondent in the Guinness v Guinness and Khan divorce suit between Joan Barbara Guinness (née Yarde-Buller, 1908–1997; daughter of John Reginald Lopes Yarde-Buller, 3rd Baron Churston), and Group Captain Thomas Loel Guinness MP, a scion of the Guinness Brewery family. In 1935, Guinness sued for divorce, naming Aly Khan as the "third party", he cited as evidence that his wife and Aly Khan had occupied a hotel room together from 17 May until 20 May 1935, and that his wife had told him that she "had formed an attachment for (Aly Khan) and desired her husband to divorce her". The case was uncontested, and Aly Khan was ordered to pay all costs.

Aly Khan and Joan Barbara Guinness were married in Paris on 18 May 1936, a few days after Joan Guinness's divorce became absolute. Before the wedding, the bride converted to Islam and took the name Taj-ud-dawlah or "crown of the realm". The couple's first child, Prince Karim, was born in Geneva seven months later, on 13 December 1936, and is said to have been a premature child. The couple also had a second son, Prince Amyn Muhammad Aga Khan, who was also born premature at seven months the following year. Joan Barbara also had a son by her previous marriage, Patrick Guinness.

Aly Khan and Joan Barbara were divorced in 1949, in part due to his extramarital affairs with, among others, Pamela Churchill. After the divorce, Joan Barbara became the longtime mistress and eventual wife of the newspaper magnate Seymour Berry, 2nd Viscount Camrose. Aly Khan married American actress Rita Hayworth within weeks of his divorce.

Second marriage and divorce
On 27 May (civil) and 28 May (religious) 1949, in Cannes, France, Aly Khan married American film star Rita Hayworth, who left her film career to marry him.

Aly Khan and his family were heavily involved in horse racing, owning and racing horses. Hayworth had no interest in the sport, but became a member of the Del Mar Thoroughbred Club anyway. Her filly, Double Rose, won several races in France and finished second in the 1949 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.

In 1951, while still married to Hayworth, Khan was spotted dancing with the actress Joan Fontaine in the nightclub where he and his wife had met. Hayworth threatened to divorce him in Reno, Nevada, US. In early May, Hayworth moved to Nevada to establish legal residence to qualify for a divorce. She stayed at Lake Tahoe, Nevada with their daughter, saying there was a threat the child would be kidnapped. Hayworth filed for divorce from Khan on 2 September 1951, on the grounds of "extreme cruelty, entirely mental in nature."

Hayworth once said she might convert to Islam, but did not. During the custody fight over their daughter, Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, born December 26, 1949, the Prince said he wanted her raised as a Muslim; Hayworth (who was raised a Roman Catholic) wanted the child to be a Christian.

Aly Khan and Rita Hayworth divorced in 1953. Hayworth rejected his offer of $1,000,000 if she would raise Yasmin in the Muslim faith from age seven and allow her to go to Europe to visit with him for two or three months each year. Hayworth said: "Nothing will make me give up Yasmin's chance to live here in America among our precious freedoms and habits... While I respect the Muslim faith and all other faiths it is my earnest wish that my daughter be raised as a normal, healthy American girl in the Christian faith. There isn't any amount of money in the entire world for which it is worth sacrificing this child's privilege of living as a normal Christian girl here in the United States. There just isn't anything else in the world that can compare with her sacred chance to do that. And I'm going to give it to Yasmin regardless of what it costs."

Engagement
While still married to Hayworth, Khan began a relationship with American film and stage actress Gene Tierney, whom he was engaged to marry in 1952; while Gene mentioned their engagement a few times, it was never formally announced. His father, however, strongly opposed the union with another Hollywood actress. After a year-long engagement, Tierney separated from the Prince and moved back to the United States to tend to her mental health. In the late 1950s Aly was known to start dating the fashion model Simone Micheline Bodin (who called herself Bettina Graziani). She was persuaded by Prince Aly Khan to retire from modelling and settle down. By the 1960s Bettina and the Prince were engaged and expecting a child, whom she miscarried after being in a car accident.

Inheritance skips a generation
On 12 July 1957, upon the reading of the will of the Aga Khan III, Aly Khan's eldest son, Karim Aga Khan, then a junior at Harvard University, was named Aga Khan IV and 49th Imam of the Ismailis. It was the first time that the descent from father to son was circumvented in the community's 1,300-year history. According to the Aga Khan's will, a statement of which was presented to the press by his secretary: "In view of the fundamentally altered conditions in the world in very recent years due to the great changes that have taken place, including the discoveries of atomic science, I am convinced that it is in the best interests of the Shia Muslim Ismaili community that I should be succeeded by a young man who has been brought up and developed during recent years and in the midst of the new age, and who brings a new outlook on life to his office."

Racehorse owner and breeder
Prince Aly Khan was a famous owner and breeder of racehorses in France, England and Ireland. Noel Murless the Champion Trainer on multiple occasions in England told his biographer "Apart from his immense charm, Prince Aly was also highly intelligent, a first-class judge of a horse and of form and breeding. It is probably fair to say that, with his experience of international racing, he was the best judge of collateral form in the world, and his flair for pedigrees was unique."

Aga Khan III was a prominent Racehorse owner and breeder. After the second world war, Aly Khan bought a half share in his father's racing interests. Early success for the partnership led to them heading the list of winning breeders from 1947 to 1949 and 1952.

Death
On 12 May 1960, a little more than two years after his appointment as Pakistan's Ambassador to the UN, Aly Khan sustained catastrophic head injuries in an automobile accident in Suresnes, France, a suburb of Paris, when the car he was driving collided with another vehicle at the intersection of boulevard Henri Sellier and rue du Mont Valerien, while he and his pregnant fiancée, Bettina, were heading to a party. He died shortly afterward at Foch Hospital (in Suresnes). Bettina survived with a minor injury to her forehead, though the shock of the accident resulted in a miscarriage. The prince's chauffeur, who was in the back seat, also survived, as did the driver of the oncoming car.

Aly Khan was buried on the grounds of château de l'Horizon, his home in the south of France, where it was intended that he would remain until a mausoleum was built for him in Syria. His remains were removed to Damascus, Syria, on 11 July 1972, and he was reinterred in Salamiyah, Syria.

His fortune went almost entirely to his children. The only beneficiaries of his will outside family and employees were Bettina, who received a US$280,000 bequest, Lord Astor (one of his closest friends) and Sybilla Szczeniowska (a woman he met initially in Cairo in 1941) and her son Marek who received $14,000 and $56,000 respectively.

Writing in The Times a few days after his death Lord Astor paid him a tribute. "If one only knew Aly Khan by repute it was easy to preconceive a dislike towards him. When one met him it was impossible not to be stimulated and attracted by his charm, his perfect manners, his vitality, his gaiety and sense of fun. But if you were fortunate enough to know him really well, and have him as a friend, you acquired a friendship which was incomparable - generous, imaginative, enduring and almost passionately warm."

Icon of popular culture
Due to his well-publicized romances, Prince Aly Khan was mentioned in a verse of Noël Coward's 1950s lyrics for Cole Porter's 1928 song "Let's Do It, Let's Fall in Love": "Monkeys whenever you look do it / Aly Khan and King Farouk do it/Let's do it, let's fall in love."

Lucille P. Markey, owner of Calumet Farm Thoroughbred racing stable in Lexington, Kentucky, named one of her outstanding colts, "Alydar" in his honor because she always addressed the prince as, "Aly Darling".

In the 20 May 2012 episode of Mad Men, Don Draper mentions that he thought Joan Harris was seeing Aly Khan, given the frequency of flower deliveries to her office. Later on in the episode, Joan Harris receives a bouquet of red roses (purportedly from Don Draper) with a note that says "Your mother did a good job - Ali Khan."

In a Honeymooners episode titled "The Golfer", which first aired on 15 October 1955, Alice Kramden — when her husband Ralph needs an excuse to not go golfing with his boss — exclaims, "Sure, you can always tell him you're going tiger hunting with Aly Khan."

title: Aly Khan


text:
Deep structure and surface structure

Deep structure and surface structure (also D-structure and S-structure although those abbreviated forms are sometimes used with distinct meanings) are concepts used in linguistics, specifically in the study of syntax in the Chomskyan tradition of transformational generative grammar.

The deep structure of a linguistic expression is a theoretical construct that seeks to unify several related structures. For example, the sentences "Pat loves Chris" and "Chris is loved by Pat" mean roughly the same thing and use similar words. Some linguists, Chomsky in particular, have tried to account for this similarity by positing that these two sentences are distinct surface forms that derive from a common (or very similar ) deep structure.

Origin
Chomsky coined and popularized the terms "deep structure" and "surface structure" in the early 1960s. American linguist Sydney Lamb wrote in 1975 that Chomsky "probably [borrowed] the term from Hockett". American linguist Charles Hockett first used the dichotomous pair "deep grammar" vs "surface grammar" in his 1958 book titled A Course in Modern Linguistics. Chomsky first referred to these Hockettian concepts in his 1962 paper The Logical Basis of Linguistic Theory (later published as Current Issues in Linguistic Theory in 1964). In it Chomsky noted that "the difference between observational and descriptive adequacy is related to the distinction drawn by Hockett (1958) between 'surface grammar' and 'deep grammar', and he is unquestionably correct in noting that modern linguistics is largely confined in scope to the former." The phrases 'depth grammar' and 'surface grammar' had been used by Ludwig Wittgenstein to denote the same ideas in his Philosophical Investigations (1953).

In Chomskyan linguistics
In early transformational syntax, deep structures are derivation trees of a context-free language. These trees are then transformed by a sequence of tree rewriting operations ("transformations") into surface structures. The terminal yield of a surface structure tree, the surface form, is then predicted to be a grammatical sentence of the language being studied. The role and significance of deep structure changed a great deal as Chomsky developed his theories, and since the mid-1990s deep structure no longer features at all (see minimalist program).

It is tempting to regard deep structures as representing meanings and surface structures as representing sentences that express those meanings, but this is not the concept of deep structure which Chomsky favoured. Rather, a sentence more closely corresponds to a deep structure paired with the surface structure derived from it, with an additional phonetic form obtained from processing of the surface structure. It has been variously suggested that the interpretation of a sentence is determined by its deep structure alone, by a combination of its deep and surface structures, or by some other level of representation altogether (logical form), as argued in 1977 by Chomsky's student Robert May. Chomsky may have tentatively entertained the first of these ideas in the early 1960s, but quickly moved away from it to the second, and finally to the third. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the generative semantics movement put up a vigorous defence of the first option, sparking an acrimonious debate, the "Linguistics Wars".

Chomsky noted in his early years that by dividing deep structures from surface structures, one could understand "slip of the tongue" moments (where someone says something that they did not intend) as instances where deep structures do not translate into the intended surface structure.

Extension to other fields
The "surface" appeal of the deep structure concept soon led people from unrelated fields (architecture, music, politics, and even ritual studies) to use the term to express various concepts in their own work. In common usage, the term is often used as a synonym for universal grammar—the constraints which Chomsky claims govern the overall forms of linguistic expression available to the human species. This is probably due to the importance of deep structure in Chomsky's earlier work on universal grammar, though his concept of universal grammar is logically independent of any particular theoretical construct, including deep structure.

According to Middleton (1990), Schenkerian analysis of music corresponds to the Chomskyan notion of deep structure, applying to a two-level generative structure for melody, harmony, and rhythm, of which the analysis by Lee (1985) of rhythmical structure is an instance. (See also: Chord progression § Blues changes.)

title: Deep structure and surface structure


text:
Talk:Bhagwan Das

Untitled
Copied from WP:VFD:

 * Bhagwan Das - possible copyright violation -- JeLuF 10:19 26 Jul 2003 (UTC)
 * Original submitter claims it isn't; see talk page. --Delirium 02:58, Aug 2, 2003 (UTC)
 * I think the claim is mistaken - see the talk page. --mav 07:17, 3 Aug 2003 (UTC)
 * I reviewed the talk page and the claim of permission grant is simply not compelling. Ideally, someone should rewrite the page.  Unless that is done, I favor deletion. Kat 18:25, 6 Aug 2003 (UTC)
 * The material, despite the FDL issue, is valid -- I will turn it into a stub, and maybe User:Kaysov can improve it shortly. - 戴&#30505sv 20:04, Aug 7, 2003 (UTC)

I had contacted people at indiapost.com (the site from which from which i mirrorred the text.) and made sure that i am not violating any copyright laws by mirroring it. so i guess, the problem subsides.

User:kaysov

 * But did they give permission to release their text under terms of our license? I'm restoring the copyvio notice until we know for sure. --mav 07:05, 3 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * Yeah -- Wikipedia is not a mirror Kaysov -- text here becomes "ours" -- not traceable to any patentable source. If they chose to release the text for "free use" or "fair use" -- a more common term -- then that would be acceptible. - 戴&#30505sv 19:52, Aug 7, 2003 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070711040828/http://www.theosophical.ca:80/MetaphysicPsychologyP1.html to http://www.theosophical.ca/MetaphysicPsychologyP1.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070815205717/http://www.theosophical.ca:80/MetaphysicPsychologyP2.html to http://www.theosophical.ca/MetaphysicPsychologyP2.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070820074709/http://www.theosophical.ca/PsychologyOfConversionBD.htm to http://www.theosophical.ca/PsychologyOfConversionBD.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070815164528/http://www.theosophical.ca:80/ReligionOfTheosophyBD.htm to http://www.theosophical.ca/ReligionOfTheosophyBD.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070927011824/http://dli.iiit.ac.in/cgi-bin/Browse/scripts/use_scripts/advnew/metainfo.cgi?&barcode=2030020003259 to http://dli.iiit.ac.in/cgi-bin/Browse/scripts/use_scripts/advnew/metainfo.cgi?&barcode=2030020003259
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124923/http://dli.iiit.ac.in/cgi-bin/Browse/scripts/use_scripts/advnew/metainfo.cgi?&barcode=150259 to http://dli.iiit.ac.in/cgi-bin/Browse/scripts/use_scripts/advnew/metainfo.cgi?&barcode=150259
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070929125034/http://dli.iiit.ac.in/cgi-bin/Browse/scripts/use_scripts/advnew/metainfo.cgi?&barcode=5010010008485 to http://dli.iiit.ac.in/cgi-bin/Browse/scripts/use_scripts/advnew/metainfo.cgi?&barcode=5010010008485

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:58, 1 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bhagwan Das