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Conversations with God

Conversations with God (CWG) is a sequence of books written by Neale Donald Walsch. It was written as a dialogue in which Walsch asks questions and God answers. The first book of the Conversations with God series, Conversations with God, Book 1: An Uncommon Dialogue, was published in 1995 and became a publishing phenomenon, staying on The New York Times Best Sellers List for 137 weeks.

In an interview with Larry King, Walsch described the inception of the books as follows: at a low period in his life, Walsch wrote an angry letter to God asking questions about why his life wasn't working. After writing down all of his questions, he heard a voice over his right shoulder say: "Do you really want an answer to all these questions or are you just venting?" When Walsch turned around, he saw no one there, yet Walsch felt answers to his questions filling his mind and decided to write them down. The ensuing automatic writing became the Conversations with God books. When asked in a recent interview how he opens up to God, Neale stated, "I am reaching out to touch others with this information. When I reach out and touch others with this information, I reconnect immediately with the divine presence."

Basis of the dialogue
The series contains nearly three thousand pages of material. The second and third books in the trilogy deal with political and social issues.

Themes
In Friendship with God, Walsch writes that God presents four concepts that are central to the entire dialogue:

 * 1) We are all one.
 * 2) There's enough.
 * 3) There's nothing we have to do.
 * 4) Ours is not a better way, ours is merely another way.

Existence is essentially non-dual in nature. At the highest level, there is no separation between anything, and there is only one of us; there is only God, and everything is God. The second statement, following from the first, means that we, in this seeming existence, lack nothing, and if we choose to realize it, we have enough of whatever we think we need (or the means to create it) within us. The third statement combines the first two to conclude that God, being all there is and is thus always sufficient unto itself, has no need for anything and therefore has no requirements of humanity. The final concept puts an end to our need always to be correct. Given that we have and are everything, and there's nothing we have to do, there is an infinite number of ways to experience this, not just the one way we may have chosen so far.

According to the books, God recommends many economic and social changes if people want to make a more functional, adaptable, and sustainable world. The books recommend that more attention should focus on the environment. The conversations also speak of reincarnation and the existence of life on other planets.

God's motive for creation
In Walsch's first dialogue, God notes that "knowing" and "experiencing" oneself are different things. Before creation, there was only That-Which-Is, which cannot know or experience itself fully without something it is not. It cannot know itself as love since nothing exists but love. It cannot know itself as giving since nothing else exists to give to. It cannot experience itself in myriad ways because everything is one.

In Walsch's viewpoint, this present creation is established by and within God so that sentience can exist, which does not directly remember its true nature as God. Split into infinite forms, all life can live, experience, and recreate its nature as God, rather than "know" itself as the creator in theory. It is essentially a game, entered into by agreement, to remember who and what we are and enjoy and create, knowing that ultimately there is no finish line that some will not reach, no understanding that is not without value, no act that does not add meaning to the future or for others. Walsch claims that God says that we have a common interest in keeping the game going. There is nothing else to do except to experience our existence and then experience more of it, to uncover deeper layers of truth and understanding. There are no external rules because all experience is subjective and chosen. But within this, there are ways that people will gradually come to see their thoughts, words, and actions are either working or not working. A thing is either functional or dysfunctional, not right or wrong. These rememberings take place over "time" and can take hundreds and thousands of lifetimes.

Nature of the dialogue

 * Book 1 (PG.4) argues that words are not the ultimate truth; instead, words are symbols and are open to interpretations. Thus the readers are advised to consult their inner knowing or intuition to determine their truth while reading the book or any other book. Though the books bear the title Conversations with God and the author states in book one that he is "taking dictation" from God, the dialogue is said to be between God and all people at all times. The question, according to Neale, is not to who does God talk, but who listens. This is clarified by the statement that God can communicate with people in many ways (the next song you hear, the next sunset you experience, the next time you hear laughter, the next movie that moves you), and not necessarily through words 'spoken' by God to a person. "All these devices are mine. All these avenues are open to me. I will speak to you if you invite me." (Book 1, PG 58).
 * Jesus is said to have sought to lead by example, which is why he said, "I am the way and the life, follow me". Follow me meant that we should follow his example and become one with God rather than become his (Jesus) followers. Jesus and other living things are/were not one with God presently (everything is happening right now with no space/time difference). Jesus is supposed to have said, "The Father (God) and I are one, and you are my brethren". This means that living things are all one (particles of the collective God) (Book 3, Chapter 20, PG. 329-330).
 * Jesus is said to have said, "without the Father (God), I am nothing". The Father of all is pure thought, the energy of life (Book 3, Chapter 11, PG. 180).
 * In Book 3 of Conversations with God (1998), by Neale Donald Walsch, it is mentioned that Mahavatar Babaji may at one time have resurrected himself from the dead, just like Lazarus, Jesus and other humans. When Neale asks God if reincarnation is a false doctrine, God replies that it is not. Neale then asks why some religions do not know the truth about something so basic. In response, God says that we must understand that humans have many fear-based religions whose teachings surround the doctrine of a God who is to be worshipped and feared. It was through fear that the entire Earth society reformed itself from a matriarchy into patriarchy.
 * Through fear, the holy priests got people to mend their wicked ways and heed the word of the Lord. It was through fear that the churches gained and controlled their membership. Churches even insisted that God will punish you if you did not go to church every Sunday. Not going to church was declared a sin - and not just any church, it had to be a particular one.
 * One had to attend one particular church. If you went to a church of a different denomination, that too was a sin. That was an attempt at control using fear. It worked. People will always believe in hell and a God who would send them there as long as we believe that God is like man — ruthless, self-serving, unforgiving, and vengeful.

Parallels in other belief systems
The dialogue presents many philosophical ideas that prominent Eastern and Western thinkers had already advanced earlier. Still, Walsch explains the information in language for modern readers and does not explicitly cite these philosophers. Walsch claims that he had never known most of these ideas before his revelatory experiences. Since the beginning of the series, and especially in the later volumes, Walsch and "God" acknowledge that most of the concepts presented are previously known to humanity but are profound enough to warrant being explored repeatedly and put into this cohesive, unified form. Since humanity is still mired in strife and conflict, there is value in their restatement. Fundamental parts of Walsch's writings are also mirrored within other well-known spiritual writings and traditions:

 * All things are one, there is no polarity, no right or wrong, no disharmony, but only identity. All is one, and that one is love/light, light/love, the Infinite Creator. (Advaita/Sikhism)
 * Souls reincarnate to eventually experience God-realization (Hinduism/Bhagavad-Gita/Sikhism).
 * Feelings are more important as a source of guidance than intellect (Rousseau/Sikhism).
 * We are not here to learn anything new but to remember what we already know (Hinduism/Plato/Sikhism).
 * Physical reality is an illusion (Hinduism/Buddhism's concept of maya/Sikhism).
 * One cannot understand one thing unless he or she understands its opposite (Tao Te Ching).
 * God is everything. (Hinduism/Spinoza/Brahman/Sikhism/Pandeism/Pantheism)
 * God is self-experiential, in that it is the nature of the Universe to experience itself. (Hinduism/Hegel/Sikhism/Pandeism, and process theology as first outlined by Alfred North Whitehead)
 * God is not fear-inducing or vengeful, only our parental projections onto God are. (Sikhism)
 * Fear or love are the two basic alternative perspectives on life. (Drewermann)
 * Good and evil do not exist (as absolutes, but can exist in a different context and for different reasons). (Nietzsche/Sikhism)
 * Reality is a representation created by will. (Schopenhauer/Sikhism)
 * Nobody knowingly desires evil. (Socrates/Stoicism/Sikhism) (see: Moral intellectualism )

Complete Title List of All CWG Books
Source:

Dialogue Books series
The following are the ten books in the Conversations With God Dialogue Books series. Each of these books is a claimed transcript of dialogue between two beings, Neale Donald Walsch and "God", with the exception of Communion with God, which is written only by "God".

 * 1) Conversations with God: An Uncommon Dialogue (Book 1) (1995) ISBN 978-0-39914-278-9
 * 2) Conversations with God: An Uncommon Dialogue (Book 2) (1997) ISBN 978-1-57174-056-4
 * 3) Conversations with God: An Uncommon Dialogue (Book 3) (1998) ISBN 978-1-57174-103-5
 * 4) Friendship with God: An Uncommon Dialogue (1999) ISBN 978-0-39914-541-4
 * 5) Communion With God: An Uncommon Dialogue (2000) ISBN 978-0-39914-670-1
 * 6) Conversations with God for Teens (2001) ISBN 978-157174-263-6
 * 7) The New Revelations: A Conversation with God (2002) ISBN 978-0-7434-6303-4
 * 8) Tomorrow's God: Our Greatest Spiritual Challenge (2004) ISBN 978-0-74346-304-1
 * 9) Home with God: In a Life That Never Ends (2006) ISBN 978-0-74326-716-8
 * 10) Conversations with God: Awaken the Species (Book 4) (2017) ISBN 978-1-93790-749-5

Home With God, we are told, is the final book in this series of two-way written communication {see HwG page 308, "Our final conversation in public."}. In August 2016, however, Neale stumbled upon a "new and unexpected dialogue" continuing the original trilogy with a fourth installment released on March 27, 2017.

The first three books in the series are often called the CwG trilogy. In 2005, the trilogy was re-released as one combined 'Gift Edition' book. This edition contains the entire text of the first three books with 'God's words in blue ink and Neale's in black ink, and features a combined 3-in-1 index at the back.
 * 1) The Complete Conversations with God (October 20, 2005) ISBN 978-0-39915-329-7

Supplementary Titles

 * 1) What God Wants: A Compelling Answer to Humanity's Biggest Question (March 21, 2005) ISBN 978-0-74326-714-4
 * 2) Bringers of the Light (May 31, 2000) ISBN 978-0-96787-550-7
 * 3) Recreating Your Self (June 1, 2000) ISBN 978-0-96787-551-4
 * 4) Questions and Answers on Conversations With God (October 1, 1999) ISBN 978-1-57174-140-0
 * 5) Moments of Grace: When God Touches Our Lives Unexpectedly (July 2001) ISBN 978-1-57174-303-9
 * 6) Neale Donald Walsch on Relationships (September 29, 1999) ISBN 978-1-57174-163-9
 * 7) Neale Donald Walsch on Holistic Living (September 30, 1999) ISBN 978-1-57174-165-3
 * 8) Neale Donald Walsch on Abundance and Right Livelihood (October 1, 1999) ISBN 978-1-57174-164-6
 * 9) Happier Than God: Turn Ordinary Life into an Extraordinary Experience (February 28, 2008) ISBN 978-1-57174-576-7
 * 10) The Holy Experience (free eBook)
 * 11) The Conversations with God Companion: The Essential Tool for Individual and Group Study (May 21, 2009) ISBN 978-1-57174-604-7
 * 12) When Everything Changes, Change Everything: In a Time of Turmoil, a Pathway to Peace (May 7, 2009) ISBN 978-1-57174-606-1
 * 13) When Everything Changes, Change Everything: Workbook & Study Guide (March 10, 2011) ISBN 978-1-45152-991-3
 * 14) The Storm Before the Calm (Book 1 in the Conversations with Humanity Series) (September 27, 2011) ISBN 978-1-40193-692-1
 * 15) The Only Thing That Matters (Book 2 in the Conversations with Humanity Series) (October 16, 2012) ISBN 978-1-40194-236-6
 * 16) What God Said: The 25 Core Messages of Conversations With God That Will Change Your Life and the World (October 2013) ISBN 978-1-10163-098-3
 * 17) Gods Message To The World: You've Got Me All Wrong (October 2014) ISBN 978-1-93790-730-3
 * 18) Conversations With God for Parents: Sharing the Messages with Children (Book 3 in the Conversations with Humanity Series) (October 2015) ISBN 978-1-93790-736-5
 * 19) Where God and Medicine Meet: A conversation between a doctor and a spiritual messenger (November 2016) ISBN 978-1-93790-748-8
 * 20) The Little Soul and the Sun: A Children's Parable Adapted from Conversations With God (April 1, 1998) ISBN 978-1-57174-087-8
 * 21) The Little Soul And the Earth: A Children's Parable Adapted From Conversations With God (August 1, 2005) (with Frank Riccio) ISBN 978-1-57174-451-7
 * 22) Santa's God: A Children's Fable About the Biggest Question Ever (October 2, 2009) ISBN 978-1-57174-596-5

Additional Texts

 * 1) Guidebook to Conversations with God
 * 2) * Conversations with God for Teens Guidebook (by Jeanne Webster and Emily Welch) (June 20, 2008) ISBN 978-0-98152-063-6
 * 3) * Conversations with God – Guidebook, Book 1 (July 1, 1997) ISBN 1-57174-048-1
 * 4) * Conversations with God – Guidebook, Book 1 (by Nancy Ways) (November 10, 2008) ISBN 978-0-98194-380-0
 * 5) * Conversations with God – Guidebook, Book 2 (by Anne-Marie Barbier) (November 10, 2008) ISBN 978-0-98152-069-8
 * 6) * Conversations with God – Guidebook, Book 3 (by Alissa Goefron) (December 1, 2008) ISBN 978-0-98194-382-4
 * 7) Meditations from Conversations with God
 * 8) * Meditations from Conversations With God (December 31, 2005) ISBN 978-1-57174-513-2
 * 9) * Meditations from Conversations With God: Book 1 (September 2, 1999) ISBN 978-0-34076-595-1
 * 10) * Meditations from Conversations With God, Book 2: A Personal Journal (December 1, 1997) ISBN 978-1-57174-072-4
 * 11) The Wedding Vows from Conversations With God (with Nancy Fleming-Walsch) (April 1, 2000) ISBN 978-1-57174-161-5
 * 12) The Little Book of Life: A User's Manual (October 1, 2010) ISBN 978-1-57174-644-3
 * 13) Conversations with God in a Nutshell: A Pocket Guide to the Dialogue (2014) ISBN 978-0-99133-460-5

Supplemental material
Please see the Writings at Neale Donald Walsch.

Movie (2006)
A Conversations with God movie shows the author's experience and opened in theatres across the United States on October 27, 2006. Walsch is played by Henry Czerny in the film directed by Stephen Deutsch. The DVD version of the film was released on February 27, 2007.

Audiobook
Conversations with God books 1 and 2, and Communion with God, narrated by Ed Asner.

title: Conversations with God


text:
User:Wapcaplet/WikiPiki

Illustrated Wikipedia
I've been scouting around for Wikipedia articles that could use illustrations or photographs, and supplying a few by snapping shots with my crappy digital camera (such as Capo, Sharp Zaurus, Cooking pan). It occurs to me that many, many articles could be helped by photos, illustrations, and the like - often, several different illustrations would be nice.

Then again, however, such imagery would very likely clutter the articles, and would be hard to lay out in a way that wouldn't dominate the text content (which is really the most important part). My thought is, why not create a new "language" Wikipedia predominantly for illustrations, photos, etc.? The Illustrated Wikipedia could be more or less stand-alone; captions, brief descriptions, and links to related topics would of course be there, but it would be built primarily around the notion of communicating through pictures. This strikes me as having several advantages:

 * It'd be like having an "illustration page" for each article. Any inter-language Wikipedia could link to the associated article in the Illustrated Wikipedia, for a larger (and hopefully more diverse) collection of illustrations and photos.
 * It would be a great medium for contributors whose primary interest in Wikipedia is adding photographs. Also for anyone with an artistic inclination towards sketching, painting, digital illustration, or other techniques.
 * It'd keep image clutter out of the main articles. One or two good illustrations could be placed on the main articles; the rest can be part of the inter-language link.

Of course, some of the problems that we already have related to images would be exacerbated:

 * Possible copyright issues. It'd be tricky trying to police the image contributions for violations.
 * Space on the server. I don't know how much of an issue this is, but obviously an article full of images takes up a lot more bits than an article of text.
 * Server load, handling requests for lots of large images (both uploading and downloading). Again, I don't know how much of an issue this is.

Comments? Criticisms? Has this already been suggested? (and where is a more appropriate place to discuss this?) -- Wapcaplet 16:06 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * We could call it Pikipedia :) CGS 17:03 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Or WikiPiki :) I think it sounds like a good idea, but the problems you mention are formidable. Plus creating a whole new Wiki would be a big task.  But I've felt that Wikipedia, while incredibly cool, is a bit lacking in graphics.  A Wiki just for graphics would be really useful for the Wikipedia.  —Frecklefoot 17:14 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I don't think this is a good idea. It would simply decrease the effort going into Wikipedia. I have added hundreds of pics and would not have the energy or time to restart with another encyclopedia. The idea would not catch on and isn't even necessary, all the pics should go into Wikipedia. Wikipedia is an illustrated encyclopedia, we don't need two!

 * I have had no problems mixing pics and text so long as the pics are no more than 300 pixels wide.

 * Finally, would the creation of WikiPiki produce greater numbers of illustrators than we have now? So the work done on WikiPici would be work not done to Wikipedia.
 * Adrian Pingstone 17:57 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * That is a good point. The last thing I want to do is draw contributors away from the text Wikipedia! And I wouldn't dream of suggesting that anyone start over with uploading pictures. The text Wikipediae are in great need of photos and illustrations, too; I am kind of conceiving this as a separate "language", almost. I have no idea if it's possible to create an encyclopedia without any text at all - surely there would at least have to be text for the titles of articles. I admit, my notion of what it would be like is somewhat hazy, but I'm visualizing it as an encyclopedia of pictures, rather than a text encyclopedia with pictures.

 * Further suggestions would be welcome!

 * -- Wapcaplet 18:11 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Separation of images and text is an archaic practice when people place those image plates arbitrarily in the middle of a thick book. What distinguishes established CD-ROM encyclopedias, like Encarta, from Britannica the most is probably their extensive use of multimedia. Textbooks, for all levels, including university-level, also feature more and more colourful appearance. We have the capability to illustrate words with visual aids, and we should do that. Images are way too undervalued.

 * If the images became too many (over one per paragraph or something), we can just link it to a section:

Images/multimedia

 * Ionic order, Temple of Eutanici
 * Image:....
 * Image:....png

 * Plus, how can we possibly make this WikiPic multilingual? We'd have to double the entire Wikipedias form 20 in # to 40.

 * --Menchi 18:12 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Indeed. There's a language problem. One future project of the Wikimedia foundation might be a Free Image Back: it's already been suggested. In the meantime, I think the best thing is to simply pass images around between the different pedias. -- Tarquin 19:41 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I don't think a "WikiPiki" is necessary; what we do need are better ways to embed images in articles (currently it's a bit cumbersome) and to auto-rescale them as needed (automatic generation of thumbnails is really not too difficult). But there's no problem with adding lots of pictures to articles (e.g. Pig) or moving them to separate pages (Gallery of Pompeii and Herculaneum). --Eloquence 23:21 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * If you're worried about overwhelming the text, you can always use media: links instead. See eg Rachel Corrie for an article with a mix of image: and media: links. See the discussion page for the strange emotions pictures excite amongst some folks... ;-) Martin 00:49 19 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Hmm. All excellent points. It's starting to sound like the idea of a pictorial Wiki has more flaws than benefits. Perhaps what is actually needed is a WikiProject for organizing pictures in the text Wikipedia; aside from some editing guidelines, we seem to have relatively few standards for image size, placement, captions, linking to larger versions, attribution, etc. etc., not to mention the issue of what kind of images would serve as good illustrations for a particular article. It might be difficult to make this into a WikiProject, since it would effectively encompass any article that might conceivably need illustration (i.e., all of them), but with a good set of clearly-demarcated goals, I think it could work, and be beneficial.

Thoughts? -- Wapcaplet 01:53 19 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Yes, I definitely think a WikiProject on the subject would be helpful. I think it is generally a good idea to expand the concept of WikiProjects from content-specific projects to problem-specific ones. One thing that would be cool is some kind of organized attempt to create new photos, e.g. a "Wikipedia picture squad", where people register and describe what they can do ("I live in city X and can make photos, draw images .."). Requests could then be systematically filled. There could even be contests and monthly awards ;-) --Eloquence 02:08 19 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * That would be awesome. I agree that WikiProjects should be problem-oriented; there's no reason the notion of WikiProjects can't be expanded to include something like this. We do already have Requested pictures, but it seems to be pretty sparsely populated. If you ask me, just about any article without a picture should have a request for one. I'll happily volunteer as the first (?) member of the Wikipedia Picture Squad.

 * Anyone else think a WikiProject would be good to have? -- Wapcaplet 02:29 19 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I think some kind meta-space for storing images would be helpful, I'm sure there is a lot of duplication of effort from people of different languages finding/making images which would work in any language version. Perhaps a "Transload file" page to simplify importing images from one language version to another if nothing else.
 * my idea would work something like this:
 * image.wikipedia.org would go to the same place as bild.wikipedia.org, Íomhá.wikipedia.org, etc.
 * each page would contain either links to all the images of a given thing, or all images for all languages would be stored together in the image.wikipedia.org space1. Maybe images are just categorised and heavily meta-data'd(keywords, list of similar/related images, etc.), working either as a search for all the images stored on image.wikipedia.org space1, or, as there are already thousands of images stored on the various versions, it could search and refer to them all.
 * I don't think a "WikiPiki" would be useful as an encyclopedia, but as an image resource it could be invaluable, for wikipedia editors and people wanting pictures for external use.

 * 1This would obviously cause some conflicts where a word in one language means something else in another.
 * Boffy b 23:22, 2004 Aug 23 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Wapcaplet/WikiPiki


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Talk:Luton

WikiProject page
To try to be a bit more organised, I made a subpage in the Bedfordshire WikiProject here, if anyone's interested. At the moment it's mainly just a to do list with what I had in my mind.

I thought it's not worth starting a new WikiProject, the Bedfordshire one is pretty dead but I made a new page to keep the Luton bits separate.

Feel free to add or change anything on there. I'd like to make Luton and related articles really good!

- odg (talk) 12:22, 24 April 2019 (UTC)

"Large" town
There is a discussion at talk:Milton Keynes that may be of interest to editors of this article (since it also uses the phrase "large town"). --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 11:06, 12 January 2021 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Luton/Dunstable urban area into Luton
I think this article would be best moved to the Luton page and mentioned on Dunstable and Houghton Regis page as it is just a subdivision and has not many notable sources...it be best merged into either the geography page of Luton or a new tab which links the page to and from each three towns... DragonofBatley (talk) 14:47, 29 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose< because of disconnect with reality in the ground. Compare Luton and Dunstable Hospital. They are conjoined twins. When reality and model disagree, change the model. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 16:57, 29 March 2022 (UTC)
 * The BUA is now just "Luton" so maybe should be merged as it doesn't seem like there's a huge difference.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 17:42, 31 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Ah, ok, I assumed (tch tch) that the proposal meant deviating from the ONS name. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 19:40, 31 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Note that that was from the 2011 census so its possible it was renamed sometime between this page's creation in 2007 and 2011 but the most recent 2020 estimates from City Population use just "Luton".  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 07:58, 1 April 2022 (UTC)
 * In that case, let's just wait for the official renaming in the 2021 census, it shouldn't be much longer now unless covid has affected the timetable. WP:CRYSTAL. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 11:01, 1 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm still not sure. What is actually wrong with "Luton urban area"? Dunstable etc will accept that they are in the urban area but will kick back against being declared part of Luton when the RSs (and physical geography) says otherwise. I know we had continuous edit wars over Newport Pagnell, which only calmed down when the Milton Keynes urban area article was created and the ONS could be cited as definitive. This is a generic problem because no town or city boundaries have been revised in over 50 years and most have grown organically beyond those limits. So we get continuous "oh not it isn't" v "oh yes it is" arguments about the status of contiguous settlements. So I think that this one needs to be escalated to WP:WikiProject UK geography, it is not reasonable to deal with it in a piecemeal fashion like this.  I will raise it tomorrow. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 22:46, 31 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose - There are a few things like the Luton to Dunstable Busway and the hospital mentioned above that are relevant for an article on the Luton/Dunstable built-up area but not really relevant just for Luton. It might be worth moving the article on the urban area if the name's changed but as was suggested above might be worth waiting til we get the 2021 census data, which may be in 2023? The urban area article could also do with expanding and more sources adding. Eopsid (talk) 22:18, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

Discussion moved
This proposal is being discussed as part of a more general discussion about the principle, at Wikipedia talk: WikiProject UK geography. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 12:47, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:54, 31 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Bedfordshire's Flag.svg

Pronunciation /ˈluːtən/ vs. /ˈlʌt.ən/
I remember having once read that Luton is not pronounced as one would expect from its written form but as if it were Lutton, thus /ˈlʌt.ən/. This was in context with an article about an episode of Space 1999 named "The rules of Luton". The name of the planet was an allusion to the town of Luton. In the article it was mentioned that, while the series was made in the Britisch ITV studios, most of the filming crew including scriptwriters and actors was American and unaware of the different pronunciation by British locals and thereby erroneously pronouncing it /ˈluːtən/. Now I am confused. 2003:CE:BF13:20E7:AD72:E45B:6AA9:B407 (talk) 13:37, 11 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I think your recollection is flawed. In received pronunciation, it is LOOTon. ("Loot" as in booty.) Definitely not LUTton. In local Estuary English, it is LOOʔn, where the t is swallowed. Definitely no double t sound. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 21:17, 11 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Well, this is what the article says: Luton is a Bedfordshire town with an airport. Freiberger saw it on a roadsign and pronounced it    "Lew-ton" instead of "Lut-on". It is very odd to British viewers. 2003:CE:BF13:20AE:90D8:A8F5:DDD7:70F2 (talk) 14:14, 6 November 2022 (UTC)
 * The original question was whether it should rhyme with button. No, it should not: the IPA as given is correct and matches the audio clip.
 * If I understand you correctly, maybe Freiberger was trying too hard: compare US and UK pronunciations of "student". (I don't speak IPA. I had look at Help:IPA/English but it doesn't seem to give a notation for "Lew" pronunciation [as in l'you, not Lewis]. I have asked for advice and will repost here when I get it.) --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 17:37, 6 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Hard to believe that anyone would even try to pronounce it as L'yuton but the IPA would be /ˈljuːtən/ . (The /j/ in IPA is like y in yacht). --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 11:08, 7 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Luton


text:
Vince Lombardi Trophy

The Vince Lombardi Trophy, also known simply as the Lombardi Trophy or even just the Lombardi, is the trophy awarded each year to the winning team of the National Football League's championship game, the Super Bowl. The trophy is named in honor of NFL coach Vince Lombardi, who led the Green Bay Packers to victories in the first two Super Bowl games.

During lunch with NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle in 1966, Tiffany & Co. vice president Oscar Riedner made a sketch on a cocktail napkin of what would become the Vince Lombardi Trophy: a football in a kicking position on a three concave sided stand. The original trophy was produced by Tiffany & Co. in Newark, New Jersey. Others have since been handcrafted by the company in Parsippany, New Jersey. As of 2017, the trophy is produced at the Tiffany & Co. Forest Hill manufacturing facility in Cumberland, Rhode Island.

The first trophy, inscribed with the words "World Professional Football Championship," was awarded to the Green Bay Packers on January 15, 1967, after they defeated the Kansas City Chiefs in Super Bowl I. Following the death of Vince Lombardi in September, the trophy was officially renamed in his memory. It was presented for the first time as the Vince Lombardi Trophy to the Baltimore Colts after their victory over the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl V.

Originally, the trophy was presented inside the winning team's locker room. Since Super Bowl XXX in January 1996, it has been presented to the owner of the winning team on the field. Packers team president and CEO Bob Harlan and Mark Murphy accepted the trophy on behalf of the Green Bay community after Super Bowl XXXI and Super Bowl XLV, respectively.

Unlike trophies such as the Stanley Cup and the Grey Cup, a new Vince Lombardi Trophy is cast every year, and the winning team maintains permanent possession of it. The one exception is the trophy won by the then-Baltimore Colts in Super Bowl V, possession of which the city of Baltimore retained as part of the legal settlement after the Colts made their infamous "Midnight Mayflower" relocation to Indianapolis, Indiana, on March 29, 1984. Both the relocated Colts and their successors, the Ravens, have since earned trophies in their own right.

Since Super Bowl XLV, the Vince Lombardi Trophy has been prominently featured in the Super Bowl logo design.

Appearance
The Vince Lombardi Trophy stands 22 in tall, weighs 107.3 ounces or approximately 7 lb and depicts a football in a kicking position on a three concave sided stand, and is entirely made of sterling silver.

The words "Vince Lombardi Trophy" along with the Roman numerals of that year's Super Bowl are engraved on and the NFL shield is affixed onto the base. After the trophy is awarded, it is sent back to Tiffany's to be engraved with the names of the participating teams, the date, location, and the game's final score. It is then sent back to the winning team for them to keep. Smaller replicas are made for each person on the winning team.

For the first four championship games, both the NFL and the AFL logos were in the center of the trophy. Starting from Super Bowl V, only the NFL shield was on the front. Beginning with Super Bowl XXXVIII, the shield took on a frosted appearance. Starting with Super Bowl XLIII, the slightly redesigned NFL shield began appearing on the trophy, still with a frosted appearance. Other than the logo, the trophy has had no significant changes made since the first Super Bowl. While no franchise possesses all four versions, the Green Bay Packers, New England Patriots, New York Giants, and Pittsburgh Steelers have three of the four designs.

Rob Gronkowski denting incident
On April 9, 2019, Rob Gronkowski (who had retired from the New England Patriots two weeks before) used the Super Bowl LIII Vince Lombardi trophy as a bat to bunt a practice pitch from wide receiver Julian Edelman during the Boston Red Sox season opener where he was to throw the ceremonial first pitch with his former teammates. It left a baseball-sized dent in the trophy, his third overall, and his former team's sixth. The humorous documentary-style video released by the Patriots about the incident became popular, with special teamer Matthew Slater, who witnessed the incident first hand, saying that if anyone can get away with it, it would be the "MVP (Edelman) and the future Hall of Famer (Gronkowski)."

Patriots vice president of media relations Stacey James stated that, "Maybe they’ll fix it down the road. That’s something they can always fix in the future, but at least for now, we’re going to keep the dent and tell the story."

Teams with most Vince Lombardi Trophies
The Super Bowl is currently played in early February (the game originally took place in early to mid-January), culminating a regular season that generally begins in September of the previous calendar year. For example, Super Bowl 50, which was played on February 7, 2016, determined the league champion for the 2015 NFL season. The years shown below refer to the season, not the date that the Super Bowl was actually played:
 * Six: The Pittsburgh Steelers (1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 2005, 2008) are tied with the New England Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016, 2018) with six wins.
 * Five: The Dallas Cowboys (1971, 1977, 1992, 1993, 1995) and the San Francisco 49ers (1981, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1994) are tied for third with five each.
 * Four: The Green Bay Packers (1966, 1967, 1996, 2010), the New York Giants (1986, 1990, 2007, 2011), and the Kansas City Chiefs (1969, 2019, 2022, 2023) are tied for fifth with four each.
 * Three: The Las Vegas Raiders (as Oakland Raiders 1976, 1980, as Los Angeles Raiders 1983), the Washington Redskins (now Commanders) (1982, 1987, 1991), and the Denver Broncos (1997, 1998, 2015) are tied for eighth with three each.

Although none of these teams have ever won three straight Super Bowls, two teams have won three Lombardi trophies in four years and one team twice won the trophy two out of three consecutive years: The Dallas Cowboys (1992, 1993, 1995) and the New England Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004) and (2014, 2016) and (2016, 2018). The Pittsburgh Steelers won four Super Bowls in six years (1974, 1975, 1978, 1979).

As an individual player, Tom Brady, a former quarterback with the New England Patriots and Tampa Bay Buccaneers, won seven Super Bowls in his career, more than any single NFL franchise.

As an individual coach, Bill Belichick, a defensive coordinator with the New York Giants and Head coach with New England Patriots, has won Eight Super Bowls in his career, more than any single NFL franchise or player.

Presentation ceremony
The trophy has been presented on a stage constructed on the field since Super Bowl XXX in 1996. A personality from the network broadcasting the game handles the presentation ceremony. Terry Bradshaw has hosted every presentation for Fox since Super Bowl XXXI, with the exception of Super Bowl XLVIII, when Michael Strahan substituted for him. Jim Nantz has handled the duties for CBS since Super Bowl XXXV. Dan Patrick hosted the ceremony for NBC from Super Bowl XLIII to Super Bowl LII. Mike Tirico hosted the ceremony for NBC for Super Bowl LVI.

The winning owner, winning coach, winning quarterback, and (if not a quarterback) the game MVP are usually recognized. "The Lombardi Trophy Theme," composed by David Robidoux in 2005, plays during the trophy handoff.

From Super Bowl I to Super Bowl XXIX, the trophy was held by the commissioner to begin the ceremony and the commissioner then handed the trophy directly to the team owner in the winning locker room. The lone exception to this was in Super Bowl V where the trophy presentation ceremony wasn't done by the commissioner but instead by Vince Lombardi's widow, Marie.

From Super Bowl XXX to Super Bowl XXXIX and from Super Bowl LIV to Super Bowl LVII, the trophy was set on the stage to begin the ceremony and the commissioner handed the trophy directly to the team owner on the field.

From Super Bowl XL to Super Bowl LIII, and again since Super Bowl LVIII, a former NFL player, usually a past Super Bowl MVP or notable figure of the host city's franchise, brought the Lombardi Trophy to the center of the stadium, as he walked past members of the winning team. Players who have partaken in Lombardi Trophy presentation ceremonies are listed below:
 * Super Bowl XL Presentation – Bart Starr (MVP, Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II)
 * Super Bowl XLI Presentation – Don Shula (former Miami Dolphins head coach)
 * Super Bowl XLII Presentation – Doug Williams (MVP, Super Bowl XXII)
 * Super Bowl XLIII Presentation – Joe Namath (MVP, Super Bowl III)
 * Super Bowl XLIV Presentation – Len Dawson (MVP, Super Bowl IV)
 * Super Bowl XLV Presentation – Roger Staubach (former Dallas Cowboys quarterback and MVP, Super Bowl VI)
 * Super Bowl XLVI Presentation – Raymond Berry (former Baltimore Colts split end; coached New England Patriots in Super Bowl XX)
 * Super Bowl XLVII Presentation – Richard Dent (MVP, Super Bowl XX, played in New Orleans)
 * Super Bowl XLVIII Presentation – Marcus Allen (MVP, Super Bowl XVIII)
 * Super Bowl XLIX Presentation – Kurt Warner (former Arizona Cardinals quarterback and MVP, Super Bowl XXXIV)
 * Super Bowl 50 Presentation – Terrell Davis (MVP, Super Bowl XXXII), who handed it to Namath, who handed it to Lynn Swann (MVP, Super Bowl X)
 * Super Bowl LI Presentation – Willie McGinest (former New England Patriots linebacker), who handed it to Michael Strahan (former New York Giants defensive end).
 * Super Bowl LII Presentation – Darrell Green (former Washington Redskins cornerback, Super Bowl XVIII, Super Bowl XXII, Super Bowl XXVI (played in Minneapolis))
 * Super Bowl LIII Presentation – Vince Wilfork (former New England Patriots nose tackle), who handed it to Emmitt Smith (MVP, Super Bowl XXVIII (played in Atlanta)), who handed it to Joe Namath.
 * Super Bowl LVIII Presentation - Larry Csonka (MVP, Super Bowl VIII), who handed it to John Elway (MVP, Super Bowl XXXIII).

title: Vince Lombardi Trophy


text:
Brevet

Brevet may refer to:

Military

 * Brevet (military), higher rank that rewards merit or gallantry, but without higher pay
 * Brevet d'état-major, a military distinction in France and Belgium awarded to officers passing military staff college
 * Aircrew brevet, or aircrew flying badge
 * Parachutist brevet, or parachutist badge
 * Marine Corps Brevet Medal, a former military award in the U.S. Marines

Other uses

 * Brevet (cycling), a long-distance cycling sport or a certificate awarded at such events
 * Brevet college, a national diploma given to French pupils who pass the exam the end of 3e or year 10
 * Brevet, a non-hereditary form of French nobility
 * Brevet d'invention, a French term for a kind of patent
 * "En France c'est le Brevet" famous quote by Adrian IV on absolutism in the French Catholic Church

title: Brevet


text:
Clodagh Rodgers

Clodagh Rodgers (born 5 March 1947) is a retired singer from Northern Ireland, best known for her hit singles including "Come Back and Shake Me", "Goodnight Midnight", and "Jack in the Box".

Career
Rodgers was born in Warrenpoint and began her professional singing career at 13 when she opened for Michael Holliday. Her father, a dancehall tour promoter, helped her sign with Decca in 1962, where her earliest singles were produced by Shel Talmy. Her UK TV debut came on 26 September 1962, appearing as a guest on BBC TV's Adam Faith Show performing Let's Jump the Broomstick. She made four singles with Decca, before moving to EMI's Columbia label in 1965, where 'Cloda Rogers' made the 1966 single "Stormy Weather"/"Lonely Room". Although none of her Decca or Columbia singles made the UK Singles Chart, Rodgers became a regular face on British television and appeared in the musical films Just for Fun (1963) and It's All Over Town (1964). She also appeared in various song festivals, finishing third in the European Song Cup competition in Greece with "Powder Your Face With Sunshine". In November 1963 she flew to Nashville, Tennessee at the invitation of the American singer Jim Reeves, to perform at the Grand Ole Opry. On his Irish tour earlier that year he had recognised that Rodgers was a promising artist with a bright future.

Rodgers appeared with Honeybus on BBC2's music programme Colour Me Pop on 12 October, 1968. Her career changed dramatically when she married John Morris, who became her manager. She signed a three-single deal with RCA in 1968, but the first two failed to chart. When producer and songwriter Kenny Young saw her on Colour Me Pop he telephoned the BBC to find out who she was. Rodgers had chart success in 1969 under his creative wing and with Morris' management (Morris also later managed The Rubettes, Kenny and Fox), - "Come Back and Shake Me" was the first hit, reaching number 3 ( the song reached number 2 in Ireland ) and "Goodnight Midnight" followed later in the year reaching number 4 - the two songs  made her the best-selling female singles artist of 1969.

The same year, she won 'The Best Legs' in British showbusiness and insured her voice for one million pounds. Her next two single releases "Biljo" and "Everybody Go Home, The Party's Over" were both hits, "Biljo" being Rodgers third Top 20 hit.

She also recorded "Scrapbook", penned by Billy Ritchie, which appeared on her 1969 album Midnight Clodagh. In 1970 she recorded "Give Me Just a Little More Line" with Young under the name Moonshine; though it achieved airplay and critical notice, it failed to chart. Rodgers picked this track as one of her eight favourite discs when she appeared as the featured castaway on the BBC's Desert Island Discs in March 1971.

In May 1970 Rodgers appeared on the bill at the NME poll-winner's concert, hosted by Tony Blackburn and Jimmy Savile. She was voted favourite female singer for 1969.

Eurovision
By this time Rodgers had become a big TV star and household name. In 1970 she was asked to represent the UK in the 1971 Eurovision Song Contest in Dublin. According to John Kennedy O'Connor's The Eurovision Song Contest – The Official History, the BBC were concerned over the reaction the UK entrant would get on the stage from the Irish public. As a Catholic Northern Irishwoman, she received death threats from the IRA who regarded her as a traitor, as a result of her appearing for the UK.

Heralded by two separate front-cover features on the BBC listing's magazine, the Radio Times, Rodgers appeared as the resident guest on It's Cliff Richard, a prime-time variety show hosted by Cliff Richard on BBC1 from January 1971, performing one shortlisted song a week for six weeks, followed by a performance of all six on week seven and with a repeat of the six songs immediately after. Viewers would normally have been asked to send in postcard votes for their favourites, but because of a postal strike, regional juries decided the winner, with "Jack in the Box", written by John Worsley and David Myers, being named the winner the following week.

For the first time in the Eurovision Song Contest, broadcasters were required to prepare a 'preview' video of the song for broadcast in all the participating Eurovision countries to help promote the songs before the big night. For the performance in Dublin, Rodgers wore a pink frilly top and spangled hot pants. She finished in fourth place, behind Monaco, Spain and Germany.

After Eurovision, the single reached number 4 on the UK Singles Chart, her third UK Top 10 success. It remains her most famous hit. The record was also successful all over Europe.

At Eurovision, Rodgers' sister Lavinia joined The Breakaways as her four backing vocalists. Lavinia was almost part of a backing group called Three’s a Crowd. In 1982, Lavinia and brother Louis attempted to represent the UK in the contest with "Every Day of My Life" as part of the group Good Looks, but finished second to Bardo in the A Song For Europe contest.

Post-Eurovision career
Rodgers admitted to Ken Bruce during his eponymous BBC Radio 2 show in an interview broadcast on Friday, 25 May 2012, that the intention had been to release "Another Time, Another Place", which had placed fourth of the six entries in the Song for Europe contest as the follow-up single to "Jack in the Box" and she began promoting it whilst in Dublin for the Eurovision final. However, Engelbert Humperdinck released a cover version before her track was available, denying her the opportunity to release it, but gaining himself a No.13 hit single. Despite only one more Top 30 chart single, "Lady Love Bug" in autumn 1971, Rodgers continued to be a major TV star in the UK, guesting on many shows (including playing herself in the BBC sitcom Whack-O! ), and appearing successfully in the biggest cabaret clubs throughout the country.

In addition she became the face of 'Bisto' in a series of television advertisements.

On Irish television, The Clodagh Rodgers Show won an award at the Golden Rose TV festival in Montreux. She starred in many other shows, including Sunday Night at the London Palladium in 1974, singing three songs, including her latest single "Get It Together". Rodgers also appeared in Seaside Special for BBC Television in 1975 and The Morecambe and Wise Show in 1970. She was a regular guest of The Two Ronnies. In August 1973, Rodgers hosted the first edition of BBC2's Show Of The Week: The Young Generation Big Top, the forerunner of the later BBC1 series Seaside Special.

Rodgers also made a mark with her impressions of fellow artists such as Cilla Black, often working with Mike Yarwood, Des O'Connor, Tommy Cooper, Bob Monkhouse, and Dickie Henderson in variety. She was a regular performer in UK resorts' summer seasons, sharing the bill with Mike and Bernie Winters in Blackpool, Matt Monroe in Great Yarmouth among others.

This success was mirrored on stage, where she starred in London's West End in her own show at the Talk of the Town (breaking Sammy Davis Jr.'s box office record), and in Cinderella at the London Palladium in 1971, which was also a success and ran for months. The Cinderella show (co starring Ronnie Corbett) then ran at the Manchester Palace in 1972 and at the Bristol Hippodrome in 1973.

As part of BBC1's celebration of the UK and Ireland both joining the European Economic Community on 1 January 1973, Rodgers appeared on Top Of The Year on 31 December 1972, alongside Bruce Forsyth and with Jimmy Tarbuck in The Tarbuck Follies on 1 January 1973 to see in the new year.

Having left RCA in early 1974 (after two well received albums It's Different Now and You are my Music, Rodgers then released a single for the Pye label, "Saturday Sunday" later that year. Numerous TV work supported all these three releases, including Top of the Pops.

She signed to Polydor Records in 1976. Her 1977 single "Save Me" was in Capital Radio's Top 30, reaching number 21. The track was covered in the US by Louise Mandrell, who took it to number six on the US country chart in 1983. "Save Me" was also covered by the South African all-female band Clout (an SA no. 7 hit in 1979). Other artists who recorded this song included Merrilee Rush and Helen Reddy.

In 1978, Rodgers hosted UK ITV's St. Patrick's Day variety show for the first time, appearing on the cover of the TVTimes to promote the show and at the same time was confirmed as the host for the 1979 show. Later in 1978, Rodgers teamed with Terry Wogan on the ITV game show 3-2-1 in the programme's first Christmas Special Celebrity edition. Other TV shows around this time featured Rodgers with The Two Ronnies and The Ronnie Corbett show.

She split from her manager/husband not long after their son's birth and opted for motherhood over performing, although she released two singles on the Precision label in 1980. One of these tracks was "My Simple Heart", which was placed on a B-side. Shortly after its release, The Three Degrees released their version of it, which reached the UK Top 10. Similarly, Rodgers had released "Stand by Your Man" as the B-side of her 1971 single "Lady Love Bug." "Stand by Your Man" (co-written by Tammy Wynette and Billy Sherrill) had previously been a hit for Tammy Wynette in the U.S.

Later years
Her second husband, guitarist Ian Sorbie, died in 1995, not long after their Paignton-based restaurant business collapsed, leaving them bankrupt.

She appeared in two hit musicals in the West End. These are Pump Boys and Dinettes at the Piccadilly and Albery Theatres co starring with Joe Brown, and in the lead role of Mrs Johnstone in the long-running hit Blood Brothers at the Phoenix Theatre. She appeared in the UK tour of Blood Brothers between 1995 and 1998. This included shows in York, Liverpool, Bromley and Bristol. Rodgers co starred with David Cassidy in the Bristol production.

In 1996, the first of two CD retrospectives was issued, bringing Rodgers back into the limelight. In 1998, she made a TV appearance with other former Eurovision artists such as Johnny Logan and Lynsey de Paul, (one of her co stars in the West End musical Pump Boys and Dinettes) performing on comedian John Shuttleworth's Eurovision parody Europigeon on BBC Two, just before the 1998 contest in Birmingham.

In 1999, Mint Royale issued the track "Shake Me," which sampled Rodgers' original recording of "Come Back And Shake Me"; it was featured in the UK TV production Queer As Folk.

In 2001, Rodgers played a recurring character in the ITV police drama series The Bill.

Rodgers most recent CD release was The Kenny Young Years released in 2012. It featured all Rodgers recorded highs with Young.

Other
In the TV series Monty Python's Flying Circus, Episode 34: "The Cycling Tour", Mr. Gulliver (Terry Jones) receives a head trauma from a car accident and is convinced that he is Clodagh Rodgers. At the end of the episode, two large Terry Gilliam-animated monsters, who had been eyeing the cyclist lead character Mr. Pither (Michael Palin) from behind a bush, wait until Pither is gone, jump out, and dance up and down to Rodgers' rendition of "Jack in the Box".

Albums

 * 1969 Clodagh Rodgers – (RCA SF8033) – UK Number 27
 * 1969 Midnight Clodagh – (RCA SF8071)
 * 1971 Rodgers and Heart – (RCA Victor SF8180)
 * 1972 It's Different Now – (RCA SF8271)
 * 1973 You Are My Music – (RCA SF8394)
 * 1977 Save Me – (Polydor Super 2383473)

Compilations

 * 1971 Clodagh Rodgers (Compilation) – (RCA Camden CDS1094)
 * 1973 Come Back and Shake Me (Compilation) – (RCA International 1434)
 * 1996 You Are My Music – The Best of Clodagh Rodgers (Compilation CD) – (BMG Camden BM830)
 * 1997 The Masters (Compilation CD) – (Eagle EACD076)
 * 2012 Come Back & Shake Me: The Kenny Young Years 1969–71 (Compilation CD) – (RPM B006TX26SG)

Singles

 * 1962 "Believe Me I'm No Fool" / "End of the Line" (Decca F11534) [Produced by Shel Talmy]
 * 1963 "Sometime Kind of Love" / "I See More of Him" (Decca F11607)
 * 1963 "To Give My Love to You" / "I Only Live to Love You" (Decca F11667)
 * 1964 "Mister Heartache" / "Time" (Decca F11812)
 * 1965 "Wanting You" / "Johnny Come Home" (Columbia DB7468)
 * 1966 "Every Day Is Just the Same" / "You'll Come a Running" (Columbia DB7926)
 * 1966 "Stormy Weather" / "Lonely Room" (Columbia DB8038)
 * 1968 "Room Full of Roses" / "Play the Drama to the End" (RCA 1684)
 * 1968 "Rhythm of Love" / "River of Tears" (RCA 1748)
 * 1969 "Come Back and Shake Me" / "I Am a Fantasy" (RCA 1792) – UK No.3/IRL No.2/GER No.39/AUS No.13
 * 1969 "Goodnight Midnight" / "Together" (RCA 1852) UK No.4/IRL No.7
 * 1969 "Biljo" / "Spider" (RCA 1891) UK No.22/AUS No.76
 * 1970 "Everybody Go Home the Party's Over" / "Joseph I'm Calling You" (RCA 1930) UK No.47
 * 1970 "Give Me Just a Little More Line" / "I Am the Tail" (RCA 1954) (duet with Kenny Young credited as 'Moonshine')
 * 1970 "Tangerines, Tangerines" / "Wolf" (RCA 1966)~
 * 1971 "Jack in the Box" / "Someone to Love Me" (RCA 2066) UK No.4/IRL No.5/AUS No.67
 * 1971 "Lady Love Bug" / "Stand by Your Man" (RCA 2117) UK No.28/AUS No.68
 * 1972 "It's Different Now" / "Take Me Home" (RCA 2192)
 * 1972 "You Are My Music" / "One Day" (RCA 2298)
 * 1973 "Carolina Days" / "Loving You" (RCA 2355)
 * 1973 "That's the Way I've Always Heard It Should Be" (RCA 5248)
 * 1974 "Get It Together" / "Take Me Home" (RCA 5008)
 * 1974 "Saturday Sunday" / "Love Is" (PYE 7N 45387)
 * 1977 "Save Me" / "Sleepyhead" (Polydor 2058804)
 * 1977 "Put It Back Together" / "Lay Me Down" (Polydor 2058887)
 * 1977 "Incident at the Roxy" (Polydor 2058864)
 * 1977 "Loving Cup" / "Morning Comes Quickly" (Polydor 2058934)
 * 1978 "Love Is Deep Inside of Me" / "Candlelight" (Polydor 2058997)
 * 1980 "I Can't Afford That Feeling Anymore" / "My Simple Heart" (Precision 109)
 * 1980 "Person to Person" / "My Simple Heart" (Precision 119)
 * 1999 "Shake Me" (Mint Royale ft. Clodagh Rodgers) (FHCD010)

1960s

 * 26 September 1962 – BBCtv: Adam Faith Show
 * 10 November 1962 – BBCtv: Adam Faith Show
 * 3 January 1963 – BBCtv: Like... Music
 * 26 February 1963 – BBCtv: The 625 Show
 * 11 June 1963 – BBCtv: The 625 Show
 * 22 June 1963 – ITV: Thank Your Lucky Stars
 * 18 February 1964 – ITV: The Five O'Clock Club
 * 12 October 1968 – BBC2: Colour Me Pop
 * 20 February 1969 – ITV: Walk Right In
 * 26 February 1969 – ITV: Discotheque
 * 17 March 1969 – BBC1: Dee Time
 * 10 April 1969 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 17 April 1969 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 24 April 1969 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 8 May 1969 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 31 May 1969 – ITV: Set 'Em Up Joe
 * 30 June 1969 – ITV: Mike & Bernie's Show
 * 3 July 1969 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 5 July 1969 – BBC1: The Roy Castle Show
 * 6 July 1969 – ITV: The Golden Shot
 * 12 July 1969 – ITV: Set 'Em Up Joe
 * 17 July 1969 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 24 July 1969 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 26 July 1969 – BBC1: Dee Time
 * 7 August 1969 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 24 August 1969 – ITV: The Golden Shot
 * 25 October 1969 – ITV: Frost On Saturday
 * 30 October 1969 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 16 November 1969 – ITV: The Golden Shot
 * 25 December 1969 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops Christmas Special

1970s

 * 3 January 1970 – BBC2: Colour Me Pop
 * 17 January 1970 – BBC1: The Val Doonican Show
 * 1 March 1970 – ITV: Frost On Sunday
 * 14 March 1970 – BBC2: Disco 2
 * 25 March 1970 – BBC2: Show Of The Week – The Morecambe And Wise Show
 * 8 June 1970 – ITV: Mike And Bernie's Scene
 * 11 June 1970 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 13 June 1970 – BBC1: The Roy Castle Show
 * 14 June 1970 – ITV: Stars On Sunday
 * 4 July 1970 – BBC2: The Val Doonican Show (repeat from BBC1)
 * 4 July 1970 – ITV: The Des O’Connor Show
 * 19 July 1970 – ITV: The Golden Shot
 * 16 August 1970 – ITV: Joe (The Joe Brown Show)
 * 22 August 1970 – BBC1: It's Lulu
 * 5 September 1970 – ITV: Maggie's Place
 * 10 October 1970 – BBC1: The Harry Secombe Show
 * 29 October 1970 – BBC1: The Morecambe And Wise Show (repeat from BBC2)
 * 12 December 1970 – ATV: It's Tarbuck
 * 25 December 1970 – BBC1: Christmas Night With The Stars
 * 9 January 1971 – BBC1: It's Cliff Richard
 * 16 January 1971 – BBC1: It's Cliff Richard
 * 23 January 1971 – BBC1: It's Cliff Richard
 * 30 January 1971 – BBC1: It's Cliff Richard
 * 6 February 1971 – BBC1: It's Cliff Richard
 * 13 February 1971 – BBC1: It's Cliff Richard
 * 20 February 1971 – BBC1: It's Cliff Richard (A Song for Europe 1971)
 * 27 February 1971 – BBC1: It's Cliff Richard
 * 27 March 1971 – BBC1: It's Cliff Richard
 * 1 April 1971 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 3 April 1971 – BBC1: The Eurovision Song Contest 1971
 * 10 April 1971 – BBC2: The Talk Of The Town
 * 24 July 1971 – BBC2: The Harry Secombe Show (repeat from BBC1)
 * 29 July 1971 – ITV: It's Tarbuck
 * 13 September 1971 - ITV: David Nixon's Magic Box
 * 16 September 1971 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 9 October 1971 – BBC1: Bruce Forsyth & The Generation Game
 * 11 November 1971 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 1 January 1972 – BBC1: Time For Baxter
 * 16 February 1972 – BBC1: Whacko!
 * 8 April 1972 – BBC1: Tarbuck's Luck
 * 20 April 1972 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 29 April 1972 – ITV: Saturday Variety
 * 13 May 1972 – ITV: The Rolf Harris Show
 * 31 May 1972 – ITV: Des (The Des O'Connor Show)
 * 26 August 1972 – ITV: Saturday Variety
 * 7 September 1972 – BBC2: Sacha's In Town
 * 3 December 1972 – ITV: The Golden Shot
 * 10 December 1972 – ITV: The Golden Shot
 * 14 December 1972 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 17 December 1972 – ITV: The Golden Shot
 * 26 December 1972 – ITV: All The Jokers – Full House
 * 31 December 1972 – BBC1: Top Of The Year
 * 1 January 1973 – BBC1: Tarbuck Follies
 * 10 April 1973 – ITV: It's Tarbuck
 * 5 May 1973 – ITV: Mike & Bernie's Show
 * 6 May 1973 – ITV: The Golden Shot
 * 9 June 1973 – BBC2: They Sold A Million
 * 28 June 1973 – ITV: STV Showcase
 * 5 August 1973 – ITV: Russell Harty Plus
 * 6 August 1973 – BBC2: Show Of The Week – The Young Generation Big Top
 * 25 December 1973 – ITV: Tommy Cooper's Christmas
 * 3 January 1974 – BBC2: Show Of The Week – The Two Ronnies
 * 24 March 1974 – ITV: Sunday Night At The London Palladium (appearance postponed from 10th January)
 * 11 May 1974 – BBC1: Look – Mike Yarwood
 * 9 June 1974 – BBC2: They Sold A Million
 * 11 June 1974 – ITV: The Tommy Cooper Hour
 * 26 July 1974 – ITV: Sez Les
 * 27 July 1974 – BBC1: The Two Ronnies (repeat from BBC2)
 * 28 December 1974 – ITV: It's Norman
 * 31 January 1975 – ITV: Russell Harty
 * 2 August 1975 – BBC1: Seaside Special
 * 13 December 1975 – BBC1: Seaside Special
 * 18 December 1976 – ITV (LWT only): Saturday Scene
 * 18 December 1976 – ITV: Supersonic
 * 6 January 1977 – BBC1: Top Of The Pops
 * 8 January 1977 – ITV: Celebrity Squares
 * 8 February 1977 – BBC2: The Musical Time Machine
 * 26 February 1977 – BBC1: Ronnie Corbett's Saturday Special
 * 19 March 1977 – BBC1: This Is Peter Morrison
 * 31 October 1977 – BBC2: Des O’Connor Tonight
 * 1 February 1978 – ITV: I'm Bob, He's Dickie
 * 17 March 1978 – ITV: When Irish Stars Are Smiling
 * 13 April 1978 – BBC1: Ronnie Corbett's Thursday Special
 * 18 May 1978 – BBC2: Des O’Connor Tonight (repeat from BBC2)
 * 25 December 1978 – ITV: 3-2-1 Christmas Special
 * 17 March 1979 – ITV: Stars Across The Water
 * 27 April 1979 – BBC1: The Ronnie Corbett Special
 * 27 October 1979 – BBC1: The Basil Brush Show
 * 14 November 1979 – ITV: London Night Out

1980s – 2020s

 * 12 November 1980 – ITV: London Night Out
 * 4 March 1981 – ITV (Granada Only): Live From Two
 * 22 June 1981 – ITV: Now For Nookie
 * 11 December 1981 – BBC1: Pebble Mill
 * 16 January 1982 – BBC1: The Two Ronnies
 * 31 March 1983 – Channel 4: Unforgettable
 * 3 May 1991 – BBC1: Gloria Live
 * 6 September 1993 – BBC1: Whatever Happened To...?
 * 24 April 1994 – BBC1: Biteback
 * 4 May 1998 – BBC2: Europigeon
 * 10 July 1999 – ITV: Moonshot – The Spirit Of '69
 * 2002 - BBC Northern Ireland: Music Asides

title: Clodagh Rodgers


text:
Thomas Hart Benton (politician)

Thomas Hart Benton (March 14, 1782 – April 10, 1858), nicknamed "Old Bullion", was an American politician, attorney, soldier, and longtime United States Senator from Missouri. A member of the Democratic Party, he was an architect and champion of westward expansion by the United States, a cause that became known as Manifest Destiny. Benton served in the Senate from 1821 to 1851, becoming the first member of that body to serve five terms. He was born in North Carolina.

After being expelled from the University of North Carolina in 1799 for theft, he established a law practice and plantation near Nashville, Tennessee. He served as an aide to General Andrew Jackson during the War of 1812 and settled in St. Louis, Missouri, after the war. Missouri became a state in 1821, and Benton won election as one of its inaugural pair of United States Senators. The Democratic-Republican Party fractured after 1824, and Benton became a Democratic leader in the Senate, serving as an important ally of President Jackson and President Martin Van Buren. He supported Jackson during the Bank War and proposed a land payment law that inspired Jackson's Specie Circular executive order.

Benton's prime concern was the westward expansion of the United States. He called for the annexation of the Republic of Texas, which was accomplished in 1845. He pushed for compromise in the partition of Oregon Country with the British and supported the 1846 Oregon Treaty, which divided the territory along the 49th parallel. He also authored the first Homestead Act, which granted land to settlers willing to farm it.

Though he owned slaves, Benton came to oppose the institution of slavery after the Mexican–American War, and he opposed the Compromise of 1850 as too favorable to pro-slavery interests. This stance damaged Benton's popularity in Missouri, and the state legislature denied him re-election in 1851. Benton won election to the United States House of Representatives in 1852 but was defeated for re-election in 1854 after he opposed the Kansas–Nebraska Act. Benton's son-in-law, John C. Frémont, won the 1856 Republican Party nomination for president, but Benton voted for James Buchanan and remained a loyal Democrat until his death in 1858.

Early life
Thomas Hart Benton was born in Harts Mill, North Carolina, a settlement located near the present-day town of Hillsborough. His father Jesse Benton, a wealthy lawyer and landowner, died in 1790. His grandfather Abner Benton (c. 1720–1770) was born in Worcester, England, and settled in the Province of North Carolina. Thomas H. Benton also studied law at the University of North Carolina where he was a member of the Philanthropic Society, but in 1799 he was dismissed from school after admitting to stealing money from fellow students. As Benton was leaving campus on the day he was expelled, he turned to the students who were jeering him and said, "I am leaving here now but damn you, you will hear from me again." He then left school to manage the Benton family estate, but historians posit that Benton used the events as motivation to prove himself worthy in adulthood.

Attracted by the opportunities in the West, the young Benton moved the family to a 40,000 acre (160 km2) holding near Nashville, Tennessee. Here he established a plantation with accompanying schools, churches, and mills. His experience as a pioneer instilled a devotion to Jeffersonian democracy which continued through his political career.

He continued his legal education and was admitted to the Tennessee bar in 1805, and in 1809 served a term as state senator. He attracted the attention of Tennessee's "first citizen" Andrew Jackson, under whose tutelage he remained during the Tennessee years.

At the outbreak of the War of 1812, Jackson made Benton his aide-de-camp, with a commission as a lieutenant colonel. Benton was assigned to represent Jackson's interests to military officials in Washington D.C.; he chafed under the position, which denied him combat experience. In August 1814, troops under Benton constructed Fort Montgomery in the Mississippi Territory. In June 1813, Jackson dueled a member of Benton's staff and his brother Jesse. In September, Jackson and Benton got into a fight at a hotel in Nashville, and Jackson was shot in the arm by Jesse. The bullet, which was removed during Jackson's presidency, broke a bone in his left arm.

After the war, in 1815, Benton moved his estate to the newly opened Missouri Territory. As a Tennessean, he was under Jackson's shadow; in Missouri, he could be a big fish in the as-yet small pond. He settled in St. Louis, where he practiced law and edited the Missouri Enquirer, the second major newspaper west of the Mississippi River.

In 1817, during a court case he and opposing attorney Charles Lucas accused each other of lying. When Lucas ran into him at the voting polls he accused Benton of being delinquent in paying his taxes and thus should not be allowed to vote. Benton accused Lucas of being a "puppy" and Lucas challenged Benton to a duel. They had a duel on Bloody Island with Lucas being shot through the throat and Benton grazed in the knee. Upon bleeding profusely, Lucas said he was satisfied and Benton released him from completing the duel. However, rumors circulated that Benton, a better shot, had made the rules of 30 feet apart to favor him. Benton challenged Lucas to a rematch on Bloody Island with shots fired from nine feet. Lucas was shot close to the heart and before dying initially told Benton, "I do not or cannot forgive you." As death approached Lucas then stated, "I can forgive you—I do forgive you."

Early Senate career
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 made the territory into a state, and Benton was elected as one of its first senators. The presidential election of 1824 was a four-way struggle between Jackson, John Quincy Adams, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay. Benton supported Clay. Jackson received a plurality but not a majority of electoral votes, meaning that the election was thrown to the House of Representatives, which would choose among the top three candidates. Clay was the fourth vote-getter, though he won the election in Missouri. He was also Speaker of the House, and tried to maneuver the election in favor of Adams. Benton refused Clay's requests that he support Adams, declaring that Jackson was the clear choice of the people. (Benton had no official role in this dispute, as he was not a Representative.) When Missouri's lone Representative John Scott told Benton he intended to vote for Adams, Benton urged him not to. "The vote which you intend thus to give is not your own—it belongs to the people of Missouri. They are against Mr. Adams. I, in their name, do solemnly protest against your intention, and deny your moral power thus to bestow your vote." Benton first supported Crawford, but after determining that he could not win, supported Jackson. Scott voted for Adams. Adams was elected and appointed Clay as Secretary of State. This was viewed by many as a "corrupt bargain".

Haiti
More than two decades after enslaved Africans in Haiti defeated their French colonial rulers in the Haitian Revolution, Benton explained the refusal of the United States to recognize the independent republic in a speech to the United States Senate. He said that "the peace of eleven states in this Union will not permit the fruits of a successful negro insurrection to be exhibited among them" and said whites in the south would "not permit black Consuls and Ambassadors to establish themselves in our cities, and to parade through our country, and give their fellow blacks in the United States, proof in hand of the honors which await them, for a like successful effort on their part."

Jacksonian democracy
After this, Benton and Jackson put their personal differences behind them and joined forces. Benton became the senatorial leader for the Democratic Party and argued vigorously against the Bank of the United States. Jackson was censured by the Senate in 1834 for canceling the Bank's charter. At the close of the Jackson presidency, Benton led a successful "expungement campaign" in 1837 to remove the censure motion from the official record.

Benton was an unflagging advocate for "hard money", that is gold coin (specie) or bullion as money—as opposed to paper money "backed" by gold as in a "gold standard". "Soft" (i.e. paper or credit) currency, in his opinion, favored rich urban Easterners at the expense of the small farmers and tradespeople of the West. He proposed a law requiring payment for federal land in hard currency only, which was defeated in Congress but later enshrined in an executive order, the Specie Circular, by Jackson (1836). His position on currency earned him the nickname Old Bullion.

Senator Benton's greatest concern, however, was the territorial expansion of the United States to meet its "manifest destiny" as a continental power. He originally considered the natural border of the U.S. to be the Rocky Mountains but expanded his view to encompass the Pacific coast. He considered unsettled land to be insecure and tirelessly worked for settlement. His efforts against soft money were mostly to discourage land speculation, and thus encourage settlement.

Benton was instrumental in the sole administration of the Oregon Territory. Since the Anglo-American Convention of 1818, Oregon had been jointly occupied by both the United States and the United Kingdom. Benton pushed for a settlement on Oregon and the Canada–US border favorable to the United States. The current border at the 49th parallel set by the Oregon Treaty in 1846 was his choice; he was opposed to the extremism of the "Fifty-four forty or fight" movement during the Oregon boundary dispute.

Benton was the author of the first Homestead Acts, which encouraged settlement by giving land grants to anyone willing to work the soil. He pushed for greater exploration of the West, including support for his son-in-law John C. Frémont's numerous treks. He pushed hard for public support of the intercontinental railway and advocated greater use of the telegraph for long-distance communication. He was also a staunch advocate of the disenfranchisement and displacement of Native Americans in favor of European settlers.

He was an orator and leader of the first class, able to stand his own with or against fellow senators Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, and John C. Calhoun. Although an expansionist, his personal morals made him opposed to greedy or underhanded behavior—thus his opposition to Fifty-Four Forty. Benton advocated the annexation of Texas and argued for the abrogation of the 1819 Adams-Onís Treaty in which the United States relinquished claims to that territory, but he was opposed to the machinations that led to its annexation in 1845 and the Mexican–American War. He believed that expansion was for the good of the country, and not for the benefit of powerful individuals.

On February 28, 1844, Benton was present at the USS Princeton explosion when a cannon misfired on the deck while giving a tour of the Potomac River. The incident killed at least seven people, including United States Secretary of State Abel P. Upshur and United States Secretary of the Navy Thomas W. Gilmer, and wounded over twenty. Benton was one of the injured, but his injury was not serious and he did not miss one day from the Senate.

Later Senate career and tension
His loyalty to the Democratic Party was legendary. Benton was the legislative right-hand man for Andrew Jackson and continued this role for Martin Van Buren. With the election of James K. Polk, however, his power began to ebb, and his views diverged from the party's. His career took a distinct downturn with the issue of slavery. Benton, a southerner and slave owner, became increasingly uncomfortable with the topic. He was also at odds with fellow Democrats, such as John C. Calhoun, who he thought put their opinions ahead of the Union to a treasonous degree. With troubled conscience, in 1849 he declared himself "against the institution of slavery," putting him against his party and popular opinion in his state. In April 1850, during heated Senate floor debates over the proposed Compromise of 1850, Benton was nearly shot by pistol-wielding Mississippi Senator Henry S. Foote, who had taken umbrage to Benton's vitriolic sparring with Vice-President Millard Fillmore. Foote was wrestled to the floor, where he was disarmed.

Later life

In 1851, Benton was denied a sixth term by the Missouri legislature; the polarization of the slavery issue made it impossible for a moderate and Unionist to hold that state's senatorial seat. In 1852 he successfully ran for the United States House of Representatives, but his opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act led to his defeat in 1854. He ran for Governor of Missouri in 1856, but lost to Trusten Polk. That same year, his son-in-law, John C. Frémont, husband of his daughter Jessie, ran for President on the Republican Party ticket; but Benton was a party loyalist to the end and voted for Democratic nominee James Buchanan, who won the election.

He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1855.

He published his autobiography, Thirty Years' View, in 1854, and Historical and legal examination of ... the decision of the Supreme Court ... in the Dred Scott case (arguing that the Court should have declined to decide the case, as political), in 1857.

He died in Washington, D.C., on April 10, 1858. His descendants have continued to be prominent in Missouri life; his great-grandnephew, also Thomas Hart Benton, was a 20th-century painter.

Benton is buried at Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis.

Family connections
Benton was related by marriage or blood to a number of 19th-century luminaries. Two of his nephews—Confederate Colonel and posthumous Brigadier General Samuel Benton of Mississippi, and Union Colonel and Brevet Brigadier General Thomas H. Benton Jr. of Iowa —fought on opposite sides during the Civil War. He was brother-in-law of James McDowell, Virginia Senator and Governor; father-in-law of John C. Frémont, explorer, Senator, presidential candidate, and Union Major General; and cousin-in-law of Senators Henry Clay and James Brown, and Catherine Charlotte Bonaparte, illegitimate daughter of Emperor Napoleon's brother Joseph Bonaparte. He was the great-uncle of US Representative Maecenas Eason Benton, the father of painter Thomas Hart Benton.

Legacy

Seven states (Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Oregon, and Washington) have counties named after Benton. Two counties (Calhoun County, Alabama, and Hernando County, Florida) were formerly named Benton County in his honor. During Reconstruction, Benton County, Mississippi, was misrepresented by residents as being named after Benton.

Bentonville, Indiana, was named for the senator, as were the towns of Benton & Bentonville, Arkansas, Benton Harbor, Michigan, Benton, Maine, Benton, Kentucky, Benton, Tennessee, and Benton, Illinois. Additionally, the fur trading post and now community of Fort Benton, Montana, for which bentonite is named, was named after Benton.

In July 2018, the president of Oregon State University, Ed Ray, announced that three campus buildings would be renamed due to their namesakes' racism. One of these buildings, formerly known as the Benton Annex after Benton, became the Hattie Redmond Women and Gender Center. The choice to rename it after Redmond was made to recognize her efforts as an Oregonian suffragist.

Uniquely, Benton has been the subject of biographical study by two men who later became presidents of the United States. In 1887, Theodore Roosevelt published a biography of Benton. Benton is also one of the eight senators profiled in John F. Kennedy's 1956 book, Profiles in Courage. Benton appears at a Fourth of July parade in the 1876 novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain. At the beginning of chapter XXII it states: Even the Glorious Fourth was in some sense a failure, for it rained hard, there was no procession in consequence, and the greatest man in the world (as Tom supposed), Mr. Benton, an actual United States Senator, proved an overwhelming disappointment—for he was not twenty-five feet high, nor even anywhere in the neighborhood of it.

title: Thomas Hart Benton (politician)


text:
De Quervain syndrome

De Quervain syndrome occurs when two tendons that control movement of the thumb become constricted by their tendon sheath in the wrist. This results in pain and tenderness on the thumb side of the wrist. Radial abduction of the thumb is painful. On some occasions, there is uneven movement or triggering of the thumb with radial abduction. Symptoms can come on gradually or be noted suddenly.

The diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and physical examination. Diagnosis is supported if pain increases when the wrist is bent inwards while a person is grabbing their thumb within a fist.

Treatment for de Quervain tenosynovitis focuses on reducing inflammation, restoring movement in the thumb, and maintaining the range of motion of the wrist, thumb, and fingers. Symptomatic alleviation (palliative treatment) is provided mainly by splinting the thumb and wrist. Pain medications such as NSAIDs can also be considered. Steroid injections are commonly used, but are not proved to alter the natural history of the condition. Surgery to release the first dorsal component is an option. It may be most common in middle age.

Signs and symptoms
Symptoms are pain and tenderness at the radial side of the wrist, fullness or thickening over the thumb side of the wrist, painful radial abduction of the thumb, and difficulty gripping with the affected side of the hand. Pain is made worse by movement of the thumb and wrist, and may radiate to the thumb or the forearm. The onset is often gradual, but sometimes the symptoms seem to come on suddenly and the problem is often misinterpreted as an injury.

Causes
The cause of de Quervain syndrome is not established. Critics of this association note of the human mind's tendency to misinterpret activities that are painful as activities that make the problem worse. It's important not to inappropriately reinforce such misconceptions because they are associated with greater discomfort and incapability. Evidence regarding a possible relation with activity and occupation is debated. A systematic review of potential risk factors did not find any evidence of a causal relationship with activity or occupation. One study found that personal and work-related factors were associated with the diagnosis of de Quervain syndrome in a working population; wrist bending and movements associated with the twisting or driving of screws were the most significant of the work-related factors. Proponents of the view that de Quervain syndrome is a repetitive strain injury consider postures where the thumb is held in abduction and extension to be predisposing factors. Workers who perform rapid repetitive activities involving pinching, grasping, pulling or pushing have been considered at increased risk. These movements are associated with many types of repetitive housework such as chopping vegetables, stirring and scrubbing pots, vacuuming, cleaning surfaces, drying dishes, pegging out washing, mending clothes, gardening, harvesting, and weeding. Specific activities that have been postulated as potential risk factors include intensive computer mouse use, trackball use, and typing, as well as some pastimes, including bowling, golf, fly-fishing, piano-playing, sewing, and knitting.

The incidence of diagnosis of the condition is higher in women than in men. The syndrome commonly occurs during and, even more so, after pregnancy. Contributory factors may include hormonal changes, fluid retention and—again, more debatably—increased housework and lifting.

Pathophysiology
De Quervain syndrome involves noninflammatory thickening of the tendons and the synovial sheaths that the tendons run through. The two tendons concerned are those of the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus muscles. These two muscles run side by side and function to bring the thumb away from the hand (radial abduction). De Quervain tendinopathy affects the tendons of these muscles as they pass from the forearm into the hand via a fibro-osseous tunnel (the first dorsal compartment). Evaluation of histopathological specimens shows a thickening and myxoid degeneration consistent with a chronic degenerative process, as opposed to inflammation or injury. The pathology is identical in de Quervain syndrome cases seen in new mothers.

Diagnosis
De Quervain syndrome is diagnosed clinically based on patient history and physical examination, though diagnostic imaging may be used to rule out fracture, arthritis, or other causes. The modified Eichoff maneuver, commonly referred to as the Finkelstein test, is a physical exam maneuver used to diagnose de Quervain syndrome. To perform the test, the examiner grasps and ulnar deviates the hand when the person has their thumb held within their fist. If sharp pain occurs along the distal radius (top of the forearm, about an inch below the wrist), de Quervain syndrome is likely. While a positive Finkelstein test is often considered pathognomonic for de Quervain syndrome, the maneuver can also cause some pain in those with osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb.

Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnoses include:

 * 1) Osteoarthritis of the trapezio-metacarpal joint
 * 2) Intersection syndrome: Pain will be more towards the middle of the back of the forearm and about 2–3 inches below the wrist, usually with associated crepitus.
 * 3) Wartenberg's syndrome: The primary symptom is paresthesia (numbness/tingling).

Treatment
Most tendinoses and enthesopathies are self-limiting and the same is likely to be true of de Quervain syndrome, although further study is needed.

The mainstay of symptom alleviation (palliative treatment) is a splint that immobilizes the wrist and the thumb to the interphalangeal joint. Activities are more comfortable with such a splint in place. Anti-inflammatory medication or acetaminophen may also alleviate symptoms.

As with many musculoskeletal conditions, the management of de Quervain disease is determined more by convention than scientific data. A systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2013 found that corticosteroid injection seems to be an effective form of conservative management of de Quervain syndrome in approximately 50% of patients, although they have not been well tested against placebo injection. Consequently, it remains uncertain whether injections are palliative and whether they can alter the natural history of the illness. One of the most common causes of corticosteroid injection failure is the presence of subcompartments of the extensor pollicis brevis tendon.

Surgery (in which the sheath of the first dorsal compartment is opened longitudinally) is documented to provide relief in most patients. The most important risk is to the radial sensory nerve. A small incision is made and the dorsal extensor retinaculum is identified. Once it has been identified, the release is performed longitudinally along the tendon. This is done to prevent potential subluxation of the first compartment tendons. Next, the abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) are identified, and the compartments are released.

History
From the original description of the illness in 1895 until the first description of corticosteroid injection by Jarrod Ismond in 1955, it appears that the only treatment offered was surgery. Since approximately 1972, the prevailing opinion has been that of McKenzie (1972) who suggested that corticosteroid injection should be the first line of treatment and that surgery should be reserved for unsuccessful injections.

Eponym
It is named after the Swiss surgeon Fritz de Quervain, who first identified it in 1895.

title: De Quervain syndrome


text:
User:PeterGrecian

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-qQOYDmwUQ

Thinking of writing Music of China there are 2 paragraphs about the history upto about 1950. Not high standard. What I'm interested in is the dramatic growth in the past decade. https://www.gramophone.co.uk/features/article/china-and-classical-music-an-extraordinary-story-of-growth 2019. On the other hand, compared to London it has few concert halls...
 * Western Classical Music in China.
 * Guangzhou Symphony Orchestra
 * Shanghai Conservatory of Music
 * Central Conservatory of Music
 * China Conservatory of Music
 * Shenzhen Symphony Orchestra
 * China National Symphony Orchestra
 * Beijing Concert Hall
 * China Philharmonic Orchestra
 * List of symphony orchestras
 * List of concert halls
 * Goalhanger Podcasts publisher of The Rest is Politics
 * Nevil Francis Mott
 * Digalog Cassette tape duplication process User:PeterGrecian/digalog cassette

Bach, 48 Preludes and Fugues, Books 1 and 2. Prelues and Fugues without separate articles. About half of book 1 and 2/3 of book 2. For example: Follow the usual pattern of the existing articles. WF Bach reference. Number of bars and general description of the Prelude and the Fugue
 * Prelude in E-flat minor and Fugue in D-sharp minor, BWV 853

Probably not notable.
 * Surbiton Racket and Fitness Club see Surbiton Trophy
 * 26.2 Road Runners Club. Some running clubs Thames Hare and Hounds are included.  Category:Running clubs in the United Kingdom

title: User:PeterGrecian


text:
User talk:PeterGrecian

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🇺🇦 Fiddle Timtrent  Faddle Talk to me 🇺🇦 09:01, 8 August 2023 (UTC)

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Talk:Lipovans

Schismatic or heterodox?
Are Lippovans considered by the Orthodox Church to be schismatic, or heterodox, or perhaps both? (I suppose heterodox would entail schismatic, but not necessarily vice-versa.) 131.183.84.166 19:21 18 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * We (Lippovans) are usually considered as schismatics by Russian Ortodox Church, but not by majority of other Ortodox churches in the world. --Shao 03:35, 16 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll add something about that. AKoan (talk) 12:48, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

Why no changes?
The week is now half over and only two small changes have been made to this COTW. Why aren't the fifteen people who nominated it making improvements? It is bad form to vote for an article for COTW and then not do anything to improve the article. --EncycloPetey 02:28, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Well how I understood COTW voters give task to users involved in COTW and that they do most of the work. Am I right? Luka Jačov 10:02, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

the picture
"Lipovans" is not "old belivers" in Russian.--Nixer 11:48, 24 April 2006 (UTC)
 * It does not imply a translation, as far as I know--Asterion talk to me[[Image:Andalucialibre_flag.jpg|25px]] 15:12, 24 April 2006 (UTC)
 * "Lipovans (Lipoveni)" comes from "Filipovans (Filipoveti)". Filipp was a monk that initiated the sect. AKoan (talk) 12:48, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

Clean up
This article need some clean up. Lipovans exist only in Romania! They are part of the broader category of Staroveri, that can also be found in neighboring countries. AKoan (talk) 09:54, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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Merger Proposal
As far as I can tell this page is about the same group as the Filippians page, which is small and doesn't cite any sources. Does anyone know if they are or are not about the same group? Are the Lipovans Bespopovtsy? Thank you Alistoriv (talk) 03:24, 25 August 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Lipovans


text:
Charles Garnier

Charles Garnier may refer to:

 * Charles Garnier (missionary) (1606–1649), Jesuit missionary, martyred in Canada in 1649
 * Charles Garnier (architect) (1825–1898), French architect
 * Charles Garnier (rower) (1887–1963), French Olympic rower

title: Charles Garnier


text:
Third person

Third person, or third-person, may refer to:

 * Third person (grammar), a point of view (in English, he, she, it, and they)
 * Illeism, the act of referring to oneself in the third person
 * Third-person narrative, a perspective in plays, storytelling, or movies
 * Third-person view, a point of view in video games where the camera is positioned above the player character or characters
 * Third-person shooter, a genre of 3D shooters with a third-person point of view
 * The Third Person, a graphic novel by Emma Grove
 * Third Person (band), a 1990s musical trio formed in New York City
 * Third Person (film), a 2013 film

title: Third person


text:
Near field

Near field may refer to:

 * Near-field (mathematics), an algebraic structure
 * Near-field region, part of an electromagnetic field
 * Near field (electromagnetism)
 * Magnetoquasistatic field, the magnetic component of the electromagnetic near field
 * Near-field communication (NFC) using the magnetic component of the electromagnetic near field (magnetoquasistatic field)

title: Near field