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Sorry! (game)

Sorry! is a board game that is based on the ancient Indian cross and circle game Pachisi. Players move their three or four pieces around the board, attempting to get all of their pieces "home" before any other player. Originally manufactured by W.H. Storey & Co in England and now by Hasbro, Sorry! is marketed for two to four players, ages 6 and up. The game title comes from the many ways in which a player can negate the progress of another, while issuing an apologetic "Sorry!"

Objective
The objective is to be the first player to get all three (four for the modern version) of their colored pawns from their start space, around the board to their "home" space. The pawns are normally moved in a clockwise direction but can be moved backward if directed. Movement of pawns is directed by the drawing of a card.

The board game is laid out in a square with 16 spaces per side, with each player assigned their own coloured Start location and Home locations offset towards the centre, one per side. Four five-square paths, one per colour, lead from the common outer path towards a player's Home and are designated their "Safety Zone". On each side are two "Slides", grouping four or five spaces each.

Older versions of Sorry! contain a coloured "diamond space" directly one space back from each start square; a pawn of the diamond's colour may not move forward over this square. Instead, a pawn of that colour must diverge from the outer space square towards their "Home". The diamond space and corresponding rule were removed from subsequent editions.

History

William Henry Storey of Southend-on-Sea filed for a patent for the game in England, where it was registered as a trade mark on 21 May 1929 (UK number 502898). It was subsequently sold in the United Kingdom by Waddingtons, the British games manufacturer who sold it from 1934.

In the United States, was filed for Sorry! on 4 Aug 1930 by William Henry Storey. A Canadian patent followed in 1932. The US patent was issued on 11 April 1933. Sorry! was adopted by Parker Brothers in 1934. Hasbro now continuously publishes it.

Classic rules
Each player chooses four pawns of one color and places them in their Start. One player is selected to play first.

Each player, in turn, draws one card from the deck and follows its instructions. To begin the game, all of a player's four pawns are restricted to Start; a player can only move them out onto the rest of the board if they draw a 1, 2 or Sorry! card. A 1 or a 2 places a pawn on the space directly outside of Start (a 2 does not entitle the pawn to move a second space). One must move a pawn if possible; if multiple options are available, they may choose which one to take. If there are no available movements, their turn is forfeited.

A pawn can jump over any other pawn during its move, counting it as one space. However, two pawns cannot occupy the same square; a pawn that lands on a square occupied by another player's pawn "bumps" that pawn back to its own Start. Players can not bump their own pawns back to Start; if the only way to complete a move would result in a player bumping their own pawn, the player's pawns remain in place and the player loses their turn.

If a pawn lands at the start of a slide (except those of its own color), either by direct movement or as the result of a switch from an 11 card or a Sorry card, it immediately "slides" to the last square of the slide. (In the 2013 version, each slide contains three colors which are different from the color of that board side, so one may slide at the start of a slide with their color.) All pawns on all spaces of the slide (including those belonging to the sliding player) are sent back to their respective Starts.

The last five squares before each player's Home are "Safety Zones", and are specially colored corresponding to the colors of the Homes they lead to. Access is limited to pawns of the same color. Pawns inside the Safety Zones are immune to being bumped by opponents' pawns or being switched with opponents' pawns via 11 or Sorry! cards. However, if a pawn is forced via a 10 or 4 card to move backward out of the Safety Zone, it is no longer considered "safe" and may be bumped by or switched with opponents' pawns as usual until it re-enters the Safety Zone.

A pawn may only move to its Home space by exact count; that is, only cards with the correct number of required spaces can bring the pawn Home. Any pawn that is in its Home space stays there for the rest of the game. The first player to get all of their pawns in their Home space wins.

Classic cards and function
The modern deck contains 45 cards: there are five 1 cards as well as four each of the other cards (Sorry!, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12). The 6s or 9s are omitted to avoid confusion with each other. The first edition of the game had 44 cards (four of each) and the extra 1 card was soon introduced as an option for quicker play. A 1996 board from Waddingtons had 5 of each card.

Cards are annotated with the following actions:

Strategy
The 7 can be split; it is often possible to do so such that one of the pieces ends up on a slide, thus increasing the value of this card. It also provides an additional opportunity for pawns to get Home, so long as there's another pawn on the board to use up the remaining spaces.

All other things being equal, moves that cause a pawn to end up in front of an opponent's start square are poor choices, due to the high number of cards that allow that opponent to enter. Some feel that leaving a pawn on one's own square just outside "Start" (also known as the "Dot") is a poor position to be in since new pawns are blocked from entering play.

There are numerous strategies and tactics employed by skilled players. One such strategy is to leave the last pawn in the "Start" square and move the other pawns around the board while waiting for a Sorry! card.

Due to the 11 (switching places), 4 (moving backwards, as noted above), and Sorry! (allowing the player to send virtually any pawn back to its start) cards, the lead in the game can change dramatically in a short amount of time; players are very rarely so far behind as to be completely out of the game. This should be considered when playing a Sorry! or an 11.

Leaving one of your pawns near your start space will allow give you the advantage to move backwards and make it into your safety zone or close enough without having to go all around the board.

Slowing the game down is a risky yet effective move when given the opportunity. Essentially, when a player has the chance to switch with or hit the apparent leader, even though the move will not be to the player's immediate advancement around the board, the move should be made to keep the leader out of "Safety" and more importantly, out of "Home".

Point-Scoring Sorry!
The 1939 edition of the game includes "Point-Scoring Sorry!", a variant where the game is scored at the end. The game also gives players a hand of cards, each player being dealt five at the start of the game. On a player's turn, they play one card from their hand to determine their move, and then draw a replacement card from the remaining deck. If a player cannot play any of their cards, they may discard a card and draw a replacement.

At the end of the game, each player scores a point for every man they got home. The winner also scores one point for every man their opponents had got home, and a bonus of either 24 (if no opponent has a man home), 16 (if no opponent has more than one man home) or 8 (if no opponent has more than two men home).

Teams
Players can elect to play the game in two teams of two. The team pairings are always colours on opposite sides of the board (i.e. Red and Yellow vs. Blue and Green). The game is then played as if two players had eight pawns each: for example, the yellow player may move a red pawn for any legal move. A 7 card could be split between a yellow pawn and a red one but can still be split between no more than two pieces. However, a partner's pawns are not immune to bumps: if yellow were to draw a Sorry! card with only red pawns on the board, or land on a red pawn's occupied space, yellow would have to bump its teammate.

Once one of the partners has played all of their pieces into home, he continues to draw and play cards on their turn, if possible, for their partner. The first partnership to play all eight pieces in its home wins.

Sorry! with Fire and Ice Power-Ups
In the 2013 edition, several rules were changed. Two additional items known as Fire and Ice were added, and depending on which card is drawn, can be placed on certain pawns on the board, modifying the playing rules for those pawns. In short, fire gives a pawn the ability to move ahead quickly before the player's turn, and ice stops a pawn from being moved (or removed from play) at all.

Furthermore, each player only has three pawns. A pawn can be moved out from Start upon any positive number card. A Sorry! card gives the alternative option of moving forward 4 spaces. The 2 card no longer allows one to pull another card.

Video games
An electronic gaming version of Sorry! was released in 1998 as a Sorry! computer game. Also, a handheld version was released in 1996.

In the Hoyle Table Games collection of computer games, the game Bump 'Em is similar to Sorry! Pawns are represented as bumper cars, and the board follows a path akin to a freeway cloverleaf instead of a regular square. There are no partnerships allowed.

Sorry! Express
Parker Brothers has released a travel version called ''Sorry! Express''. The game consists of three dice, four home bases, a start base, and sixteen pawns, four in each color. Up to four players can play this game. To play, each player takes a home base and sets it on a different color and all of the pawns are put on the start base no matter how many people are playing. The first person rolls all three dice and gets one of four possibilities for each die:

 * 1) Color pawn – The player takes the corresponding color pawn from the start base and, if it matches up with the color of their home base, puts it in their home section. If not, it is put in their waiting area. When there are no more pawns of a particular color in the Start base and a player rolls that same color, he can take that color pawn from another player's waiting area, not their Home section.
 * 2) Sorry! – Take a pawn from the home section of one player's home base and keep it.
 * 3) Wild Pawn –  The player may take any color pawn from the Start base or waiting areas (not the Home section of another player) and keep it.
 * 4) Slide – Change either one's own Home section or someone else's Home section to a different color.

The first person to get four pawns of the same color in their home section wins.

In 2021, Hasbro re-released the game under the name ''Sorry! Diced!''.

Sorry! Not Sorry!
''Sorry! Not Sorry! is an adult-themed edition of Sorry!'' which consisted of the classic game, but added several cards each containing a "Have you ever...?" question. Upon drawing, the player must ask an opponent the fill-in-the-blank question printed on the card. If the opponent answered yes, both the player and opponent move six spaces; if the answer is no, then they can only move three spaces.

This game was part of Hasbro's collection of parody versions of their classic games, which included The Game of Life, Operation, and Clue, which were respectively retitled The Game of Life: Quarter Life Crisis, Botched Operation, and ''Clue: What Happened Last Night? Lost in Vegas''.

Reception
Games magazine included Sorry! in their "Top 100 Games of 1980", praising it as an "old classic in the pachisi mold" that was "Especially recommended for family play" even though "The title gives us cause for regret".

Games magazine included Sorry! in their "Top 100 Games of 1981", praising it as an "exciting race game, ideal for family play" that is "not as mindless as it may appear".

Games magazine included Sorry in their "Top 100 Games of 1982", noting that many of the movement cards "give interesting options" and that "The game is never dull, and is never decided until the last play."

Reviews

 * Family Games: The 100 Best

title: Sorry! (game)


text:
User talk:Jake Nelson

Hello Jake, welcome to Wikipedia. Good luck with the proofreading. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. You can learn more on the how to edit page. The naming conventions and style guide pages are also useful. There is a sandbox which you can use to experiment in. If you have any questions, see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. Angela

Thanks for the welcome. It's proving interesting so far... -- Jake 02:28, 2003 Jul 30 (UTC)

Nowhere. My point was that it's not worth the effort. It's not worth the time it takes to type the entry, or the disk space required to store it, or the time taken by various people who must now read it. It is a valid redirect, we have a policy about that. -- Tim Starling 06:38, Aug 6, 2003 (UTC)

Hi Jake -- welcome to WP... Despite the format problems, I liked your comments on the list. Have fun, and dont forget to take the WP:HOLIC test, when your'e ready. ;) -戴&#30505sv 07:59, Sep 11, 2003 (UTC)

Why do you find it necessary to make personal attacks on the people who add items to Votes for deletion, instead of making a reasoned discussion on the merits of the articles themselves? RickK 05:38, 30 Sep 2003 (UTC)

User:RK is different from User:RickK. -- User:Cyan 02:32, 2 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Jake, I just read on the mailing list that you like public domain better than GFDL. Maybe you want to join the rising tide of those Wikipedians who release all their writings in the public domain? See user:Toby Bartels, user:Lee Daniel Crocker and my own user page. Cheers, AxelBoldt 14:46, 2 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Name change
Hi, Jake. I changed your user name from 'Jakenelson' to 'Jake Nelson' as you requested. If you want to become user:Jake you'll have to discuss it with les_coles@yahoo.com - who currently has that user name - or wait long enough for us to be certain he changed his mind about using ever using his Wikipedia account. --Uncle Ed 23:13, 3 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Sysop promotion
You're now a sysop. I predict you will now feel the weight of responsibility falling heavily upon your shoulders. But you will also experience an upwelling of strength to carry that burden! --Uncle Ed 23:30, 3 Oct 2003 (UTC)

I hope your job hunting is going well. I know all about job hunting, mostly unsatisfactory job hunting. RickK 03:38, 15 Oct 2003 (UTC)

I noticed that you commented on some controversial computing issues. There's now a new WikiProject Computing and WikiProject Computing/Controversial articles to help form consensus on computing topics. Please consider watching the talk pages there and using them to let others know of issues you believe merit peer review. JamesDay 15:34, 28 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Happy Birthday!
Happy birthday, Jake! Best wishes. --Whosyourjudas (talk) 00:22, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The Humungous Image Tagging Project
Hi. You've helped with the WikiProject Wiki Syntax, so I thought it worth alerting you to the latest and greatest of Wikipedia fixing project, User:Yann/Untagged Images, which is seeking to put copyright tags on all of the untagged images. There are probably, oh, thirty thousand or so to do (he said, reaching into the air for a large figure). But hey: they're images ... you'll get to see lots of random pretty pictures. That must be better than looking for at at and the the, non? You know you'll love it. best wishes --Tagishsimon (talk)

Minneapolis meetup
Hello Jake. I'm contacting you since you are listed at Wikipedians/Minnesota. I'm going to be at a conference in Minneapolis and am planning a Wikipedia meetup for October 8. If you are near Minneapolis at that time, please see Meetup/Minneapolis. Angela. 20:52, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Hiring
AaronRoe: Jake, I noticed you are unemployed. Please give me a call MindTouch.

Birthday!
--User:Jenmoa 15:16, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Happy Birthday Jake! Hope you have a great day. -- Lord Vold e  mort  (Dark Mark)  15:22, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Hereditary baronies
Ah yes, that was temp page when I was fact-checking the list. It's unnecessary now and can be safely deleted. Best, Mackensen (talk) 18:58, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

Copyright problem help
I posted the following to Village pump (assistance) but it has now been 7 days without a response and the request stands to get archived. Since you helped with the Kenji Siratori copyvio I was hoping you could either help with this or point me to someone who can take care of it:

 * Black Rock Rangers was originally a copyright violation (see Talk:Black Rock Rangers). All versions up through this one are a copyvio of this page. Because I was unfamiliar with the copyright violation policy I simply rewrote the page rather than flagging it and rewriting it as a temp (I figured that out just after, and did things right with Kenji Siratori). Anyway, what is the procedure now? How do I get an admin to clean out the old versions? Kit O'Connell (Todfox: user / talk / contribs) 20:22, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Thanks and I am sorry about this -- I know now how to properly flag a copyvio if I find one. Kit O'Connell (Todfox: user / talk / contribs) 09:17, 26 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for taking care of this so promptly. Kit O'Connell (Todfox: user / talk / contribs) 10:51, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

"Joe Cardinal Sixpack"
Care to come back to discussing []? Lima 18:31, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

== Ooze

Ooze
I have added a "" template to the article Ooze, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, or, if you disagree with the notice, discuss the issues at its talk page. Removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, but the article may still be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached, or if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria. Kamope 20:49, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

Advice requested
Hi Jake. I've been attempting to overview and tidy up the geography cats which involve the places where people live. There appear to be two useful ways of doing it - by region, and by size. Organising by size is difficult because User:Hmains uses the term settlements to cover all sizes of communities, and has altered dictionary definitions to fit his own understanding of the term - . However, community appears to be the term used most often to describe the places where people live, regardless of size. This is the definition of community -. Hmains has reverted much of my work, and insists on settlements being the term we should use - basing it on | this decision, which was a declined proposal to rename Settlements by region to Populated places by region. What do you think? Is settlement the appropriate term for covering human communities ranging from well established cities down to refuge camps? Is Human community a viable alternative? Are there other choices? I have started a discussion here and here, with the above wording, but no response as yet. I have left this message on the talk pages of active Geography Project members. And then on this page. I am a bit lost as the best place to discuss this issue. I don't want to delete or rename any category. And I don't want to get into a revert war. I'd like an open debate to reach sensible consensus. I'm now leaving this message on the pages of WikiProject Category members. Can you advise? SilkTork 19:57, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Discussion taking place at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (settlements) SilkTork 11:22, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Minnesota meetup
 Sunday, 2007-10-07, one p.m. (13:00) Pracna on Main 117 Main SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota Map Please pass this on! RSVP here.  Spam delivered by Jonathunder 18:06, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

request for comment on Hugh Hefner
Please take the time to go to Hugh Hefner's talkpage and respond to the request for comment on what jerrygraf is trying to add that does not belong on Hugh Hefner's page, but belongs on PEI's, as well as the part I deleted is ment as a "controversial comment on the biography of a living person"Rogue Gremlin 04:24, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Request for comment on Category Redirect template
Because you are a member of WikiProject Categories, your input is invited on some proposed changes to the design of the Category redirect template. Please feel free to view the proposals and comment on the template talk page. --Russ (talk) 21:58, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

Award
I would like to present to you the I Edited Jimbo Wales' Userpage Barnstar! — ComputerGuy890100  Talk to meWhat I've done to help Wikipedia 23:16, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

Hi there —Preceding unsigned comment added by SofaKingSuper (talk • contribs) 20:44, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

Article Protection
Hi Jake! A user named Sultaniman always vandalises several pages including Istanbul Football League and Galatasaray S.K..He always erases the true references,then writes wrong content.Can you protect these articles???.I wanna be protector but you know I'm not a admin.Thank you.Rangond (talk) 17:51, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

Minnesota Meetup
 2009 Proposed date: Saturday, October 10. Details under discussion. Please share this with anyone who may be interested.  Delivered by Jonathunder (talk) 22:25, 18 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Update: the meetup will be at 1 p.m. Sunday, October 11, in St. Paul. Click here for more details and to R.S.V.P. Jonathunder (talk)

MSU Interview
Dear Jake Nelson,

My name is Jonathan Obar user:Jaobar, I'm a professor in the College of Communication Arts and Sciences at Michigan State University and a Teaching Fellow with the Wikimedia Foundation's Education Program. This semester I've been running a little experiment at MSU, a class where we teach students about becoming Wikipedia administrators. Not a lot is known about your community, and our students (who are fascinated by wiki-culture by the way!) want to learn how you do what you do, and why you do it. A while back I proposed this idea (the class) to the communityHERE, where it was met mainly with positive feedback. Anyhow, I'd like my students to speak with a few administrators to get a sense of admin experiences, training, motivations, likes, dislikes, etc. We were wondering if you'd be interested in speaking with one of our students.

So a few things about the interviews:
 * Interviews will last between 15 and 30 minutes.
 * Interviews can be conducted over skype (preferred), IRC or email. (You choose the form of communication based upon your comfort level, time, etc.)
 * All interviews will be completely anonymous, meaning that you (real name and/or pseudonym) will never be identified in any of our materials, unless you give the interviewer permission to do so.
 * All interviews will be completely voluntary. You are under no obligation to say yes to an interview, and can say no and stop or leave the interview at any time.
 * The entire interview process is being overseen by MSU's institutional review board (ethics review). This means that all questions have been approved by the university and all students have been trained how to conduct interviews ethically and properly.

Bottom line is that we really need your help, and would really appreciate the opportunity to speak with you. If interested, please send me an email at obar@msu.edu (to maintain anonymity) and I will add your name to my offline contact list. If you feel comfortable doing so, you can post your nameHERE instead.

If you have questions or concerns at any time, feel free to email me at obar@msu.edu. I will be more than happy to speak with you.

Thanks in advance for your help. We have a lot to learn from you.

Sincerely,

Jonathan Obar --Jaobar (talk) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Chlopeck (talk • contribs) 22:57, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

Ismail I
Whoops. Um, I have this extension on Chrome called Jailbreak the Patriarchy and I forgot to unclick the button... lol. ==> Sorry, good catch.  Ogress  smash!

Request for comment
Hello there, a proposal regarding pre-adminship review has been raised at Village pump by. Your comments here is very much appreciated. Many thanks. Jim Carter through MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 06:47, 28 May 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:53, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Two-Factor Authentication now available for admins
Hello,

Please note that TOTP based two-factor authentication is now available for all administrators. In light of the recent compromised accounts, you are encouraged to add this additional layer of security to your account. It may be enabled on your preferences page in the "User profile" tab under the "Basic information" section. For basic instructions on how to enable two-factor authentication, please see the developing help page for additional information. Important: Be sure to record the two-factor authentication key and the single use keys. If you lose your two factor authentication and do not have the keys, it's possible that your account will not be recoverable. Furthermore, you are encouraged to utilize a unique password and two-factor authentication for the email account associated with your Wikimedia account. This measure will assist in safeguarding your account from malicious password resets. Comments, questions, and concerns may be directed to the thread on the administrators' noticeboard. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 20:33, 12 November 2016 (UTC)

A new user right for New Page Patrollers
Hi.

A new user group, New Page Reviewer, has been created in a move to greatly improve the standard of new page patrolling. The user right can be granted by any admin at PERM. It is highly recommended that admins look beyond the simple numerical threshold and satisfy themselves that the candidates have the required skills of communication and an advanced knowledge of notability and deletion. Admins are automatically included in this user right.

It is anticipated that this user right will significantly reduce the work load of admins who patrol the performance of the patrollers. However,due to the complexity of the rollout, some rights may have been accorded that may later need to be withdrawn, so some help will still be needed to some extent when discovering wrongly applied deletion tags or inappropriate pages that escape the attention of less experienced reviewers, and above all, hasty and bitey tagging for maintenance. User warnings are available here but very often a friendly custom message works best.

If you have any questions about this user right, don't hesitate to join us at WT:NPR. (Sent to all admins) .MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:47, 15 November 2016 (UTC)

Administrators' newsletter - February 2017
News and updates for administrators from the past month (January 2017). This first issue is being sent out to all administrators, if you wish to keep receiving it please subscribe. Your feedback is welcomed.

Administrator changes
 * Gnome-colors-list-add.svg NinjaRobotPirate • Schwede66 • K6ka • Ealdgyth • Ferret • Cyberpower678 • Mz7 • Primefac • Dodger67
 * Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg Briangotts • JeremyA • BU Rob13

Guideline and policy news
 * A discussion to workshop proposals to amend the administrator inactivity policy at Wikipedia talk:Administrators has been in process since late December 2016.
 * Pending changes/Request for Comment 2016 closed with no consensus for implementing Pending changes level 2 with new criteria for use.
 * Following an RfC, an activity requirement is now in place for bots and bot operators.

Technical news
 * When performing some administrative actions the reason field briefly gave suggestions as text was typed. This change has since been reverted so that issues with the implementation can be addressed. (T34950)
 * Following the latest RfC concluding that Pending Changes 2 should not be used on the English Wikipedia, an RfC closed with consensus to remove the options for using it from the page protection interface, a change which has now been made. (T156448)
 * The Foundation has announced a new community health initiative to combat harassment. This should bring numerous improvements to tools for admins and CheckUsers in 2017.

Arbitration
 * The Arbitration Committee released a response to the Wikimedia Foundation's statement on paid editing and outing.

Obituaries
 * JohnCD (John Cameron Deas) passed away on 30 December 2016. John began editing Wikipedia seriously during 2007 and became an administrator in November 2009.

Discuss this newsletter • Subscribe • Archive

13:38, 1 February 2017 (UTC)

ArbCom 2019 special circular

This message was sent to all administrators following a recent motion. Thank you for your attention. For the Arbitration Committee, Cameron11598 02:16, 4 May 2019 (UTC)

Administrator account security (Correction to Arbcom 2019 special circular)
ArbCom would like to apologise and correct our previous mass message in light of the response from the community.

Since November 2018, six administrator accounts have been compromised and temporarily desysopped. In an effort to help improve account security, our intention was to remind administrators of existing policies on account security — that they are required to "have strong passwords and follow appropriate personal security practices." We have updated our procedures to ensure that we enforce these policies more strictly in the future. The policies themselves have not changed. In particular, two-factor authentication remains an optional means of adding extra security to your account. The choice not to enable 2FA will not be considered when deciding to restore sysop privileges to administrator accounts that were compromised.

We are sorry for the wording of our previous message, which did not accurately convey this, and deeply regret the tone in which it was delivered.

For the Arbitration Committee, -Cameron11598 21:03, 4 May 2019 (UTC)

Pending suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Established policy provides for removal of the administrative permissions of users who have not made any edits or logged actions in the preceding twelve months. Because you have been inactive, your administrative permissions will be removed if you do not return to activity within the next month.

Inactive administrators are encouraged to rejoin the project in earnest rather than to make token edits to avoid loss of administrative permissions. Resources and support for reengaging with the project are available at WikiProject Editor Retention/administrators. If you do not intend to rejoin the project in the foreseeable future, please consider voluntarily resigning your administrative permissions by making a request at the bureaucrats' noticeboard.

Thank you for your past contributions to the project. — JJMC89 bot 00:02, 1 November 2021 (UTC)

Administrators will no longer be autopatrolled
A recently closed Request for Comment (RFC) reached consensus to remove Autopatrolled from the administrator user group. You may, similarly as with Edit Filter Manager, choose to self-assign this permission to yourself. This will be implemented the week of December 13th, but if you wish to self-assign you may do so now. To find out when the change has gone live or if you have any questions please visit the Administrator's Noticeboard. 20:06, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

How we will see unregistered users
Hi!

You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki.

When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed.

Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin will still be able to access the IP. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on better tools to help.

If you have not seen it before, you can read more on Meta. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can subscribe to the weekly technical newsletter.

We have two suggested ways this identity could work. We would appreciate your feedback on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can let us know on the talk page. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January.

Thank you. /Johan (WMF)

18:12, 4 January 2022 (UTC)

New administrator activity requirement
22:52, 15 April 2022 (UTC)

Pending suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Established policy provides for the removal of the administrative permissions of users who have made fewer than 100 edits over a 60-month period. Your administrative permissions will be removed if you do not return to the required activity level before the beginning of January 2023.

Inactive administrators are encouraged to engage with the project in earnest rather than to make token edits to avoid loss of administrative permissions. Resources and support for re-engaging with the project are available at WikiProject Editor Retention/administrators. If you do not intend to re-engage with the project in the foreseeable future, please consider voluntarily resigning your administrative permissions by making a request at the bureaucrats' noticeboard.

Thank you for your past contributions to the project. — JJMC89 bot 08:43, 1 October 2022 (UTC)

Happy Birthday!
 Wishing Jake Nelson a very happy birthday on behalf of the Birthday Committee!   Chris Troutman  ( talk ) 18:47, 18 October 2022 (UTC)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Jake Nelson


text:
User talk:Malfuf

Hello Malfuf, welcome to Wikipedia. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. You can learn more on the how to edit page. The naming conventions and style guide pages are also useful. There is a sandbox which you can use to experiment in. If you have any questions, see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. Angela

title: User talk:Malfuf


text:
Talk:Aleph-one

Note Regarding Aleph-one equalling Aleph-C:

The validity of this equality is dependant upon the version of Set Theory being used and thus should not be stated as an unconditional truth in the article.

You inserted a reference to aleph_c, but from the context it is clear that you meant simply c, the cardinality of the continuum. The article already said, before you edited it, that equality of aleph_one and c does not follow from the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms, even with the axiom of choice; there was no need for you to add that. You also inserted an error: that aleph-one is by definition the next cardinal after aleph-null. That follows from ZF with the axiom of choice, but need not hold in ZF without the axiom of choice. Michael Hardy 20:28, 29 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Though I accept most of these corrections, I believe your definitions of Aleph-1 and Aleph-2 (on Aleph) to be flawed. My professors and references have led me to believe that Aleph-1 is by definition the cardinality of the smallest set that cannot be placed in a one-to-one correspondense with the integers, and that Aleph-2 is by definition the next smallest. The question of whether Aleph-1 = c (ie 2^Aleph_0) is that of the continuum hypothesis and is not part of the definition of Aleph-1.

GulDan 16:33, 30 Jul 2003 (UTC)

The definition of aleph_1 that I gave is completely standard and is the one given by Cantor himself: aleph_1 is the cardinality of the set of all countable ordinals. Most mathematics professors do not know this area, and will admit as much if you get barely beyond the elementary matters you say you've asked them about. I suggest that you did not run past them the definition I gave and that they have probably never heard it or though about it. I also suggest you look in a textbook on the subject rather than some appendix in a calculus book or a theory-of-computability book or something like that. Paul Halmos' book Naive Set Theory will suffice, as will E. Kamke's Theory of Sets. Michael Hardy 21:14, 30 Jul 2003 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aleph-one


text:
User talk:Manika

Hello Manika, welcome to Wikipedia. You added some good information at Usability testing. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. You can learn more on the how to edit page. The naming conventions and style guide pages are also useful. There is a sandbox which you can use to experiment in. If you have any questions, see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. Angela

Hey Thanks! I was introduced to Wikipedia only two days ago, and already I'm SO addicted! I've just been browsing around and making minor edits so far and look forward to a bunch of good stuff! Manika

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title: User talk:Manika


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User talk:Rvalles

Hello Rvalles, welcome to Wikipedia. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. You can learn more on the how to edit page. The naming conventions and style guide pages are also useful. There is a sandbox which you can use to experiment in. If you have any questions, see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. Angela

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User talk:Pecokid

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Robert Finn (diplomat)

Robert Patrick John Finn (born December 19, 1945) is an American scholar of Turkish Studies and International Relations, and was the first United States ambassador to Afghanistan in more than 20 years, from March 22, 2002, until August 1, 2004. He was succeeded by Zalmay Khalilzad.

Life
Finn grew up in the Parkchester planned community in the Bronx, in New York City and earned a B.A. in American Literature and European History with honors from St. John's University, an M.A. in Near Eastern Studies from New York University and an M.A. and a Ph.D. in Near Eastern Studies from Princeton University in 1978. Finn's doctoral dissertation was titled "The early Turkish novel: 1872-1900." He currently holds a professorship there in Turkic studies and international relations. He speaks fifteen languages, including most Central Asian tongues.

Finn was a member of the Foreign Service from 1978 to August 2005. In 1992, he opened (as chargé d'affaires) the United States embassy to Azerbaijan and served as charge and deputy chief of mission there for three years. He also served as the U.S. ambassador to Tajikistan from 1998 through 2001. He has also served in Turkey, Croatia and Pakistan.

Works

 * The Early Turkish Novel, 1872-1900 (Isis Press, 1984)
 * Translations
 * Editor
 * (with Wolfgang F. Danspeckgruber) of Building State and Security in Afghanistan (Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 2007); Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination, 2007, ISBN 9780977354443
 * Editor
 * (with Wolfgang F. Danspeckgruber) of Building State and Security in Afghanistan (Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 2007); Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination, 2007, ISBN 9780977354443

title: Robert Finn (diplomat)


text:
Talk:Sorry! (game)

Untitled
Is this game called "Sorry" or "Sorry!" If the latter, the article should be appropriately titled. However, it also needs disambiguation with the British sitcom, "Sorry!" Deb 19:57, 29 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Foreign Editions
I think there may be a need for a section called "Foreign Editions" or something similar. When I was a kid in the 1960s, we played a German game called Mensch Argere Dich Nicht! (or something very similar), which, as far as I can recall, was identical to classic Sorry!. We don't have the game any more but when I was a kid, just about every ethnic German family I knew had a copy of this game. (I'm Canadian but my parents were German immigrants.) I have no idea though if it was a licensed German-language version of the game or an illegal knock-off and it's been decades since I last played so I can't be 100% positive it had the exact same rules. I just remember encountering my first game of Sorry! in my twenties and being surprised that it seemed to be the same as Mensch Argere Dich Nicht! Some Wikipedia users may be interested in knowing about foreign editions and may find that they are already familiar with the game under a different name. A researcher might be able to contact Waddington or Hasbro and find out about foreign editions. 70.29.68.74 (talk) 20:17, 7 June 2017 (UTC)

 * Hello,
 * "Mensch ärgere dich nicht" was published in 1914, so about 20 years before Sorry!. It might be a question, if Sorry! is a copy of the german game.
 * Germany lost all it's patents and Copyrights in 1918 due to the end of the war. So mayby someone copied the german game. 2001:16B8:5216:B500:BD80:B323:406D:3C78 (talk) 10:55, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

Number of 1 Cards
How many 1 cards are there? The Wikipedia pages states 5, whereas other pages on the internet seem not to indicate this being any different from the other cards. Indeed, if one uses a standard deck, removing 3s and 9s, then there would only be 4 ones (i.e. Aces). --DehGriff (talk) 21:10, 30 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The original UK edition had four - see a copy of the rulebook. Some later versions have five (to increase the chances of players being able to leave 'home'). Lovingboth (talk) 18:53, 5 December 2011 (UTC)

Sliding
Isn't there some provision by which pieces "slide" a certain number of spaces in Sorry!? --Angr/comhrá 13:25, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

-From what I remember, if you land on the Flat edge of the "slide" then you move to the end of the slide, taking out any pieces on the "slide" in the process. -Jul 29 2011 (EST) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.139.35.250 (talk)

Rule Discussion
I don't feel that the rules section provides full coverage of the breadth of the game. For example, if one draws a 2, and cannot move a pawn or begin a man that is in home, is one then privileged to draw another card? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.71.29.133 (talk • contribs) It is made so little kids learn to say the word "sorry".

I have made some corrections and clarifications, including slides and some scenarios (Draw 2).

Typo?
I don't know anything about this game but theres a typo in the strategy section: "Due to switching and itching places)," At least a "(" has to be added or the ")" removed. I would suspect the "itching" is a bad edit but as I've never played the game I've left it to others to correct. 82.133.90.141 (talk) 16:51, 25 November 2008 (UTC)

Trivia
In this article http://www.indcatholicnews.com/remin359.html, Sister Agapita, Cardinal Ratzinger's housekeeper, mentioned that the German Game "Mensch ärgere Dich nicht" was one of the Cardinal's favorite board games. I have a feeling that this game, like its Czech counterpart "Člověče, nezlob se", is the same or at minimum very similar to Sorry.

Who in the World is Tony Mendoza?
I removed this paragraph:

Tony Mendoza is a world-known Sorry! strategist. Although his plans are currently unknown, he somehow manages to end the game with it going in his favor. Tony regularly studies up on the game and has been called a Sorry! expert by many. He strikes fear in the hearts of many when he arrives to play his game. He is currently attempting to start up Sorry! clubs in schools across the U.S. and Mexico.

This was in the History section of the page. Search for "Tony Mendoza sorry" on Google reveals no such world-renowned Sorry strategist. Besides which, there's no verification, and not even any real facts, simply opinions. WP:SOAP might apply here as the person who made the edit might be talking about himself. ekedolphin 05:49, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

moving backward
Question on card 4. Once exited out of start by receiving a 1 or 2 card, can you move backward 4 past home following this card, once moved back 4 seeing as the rule of the card is being played, can you go right into home or do you have to go past home, start and go around the board.

Thank you David 7 years old May 29, 2007

 * Yes. You may use a 4 card (or two 10's, if you choose to go backward one space instead of forward 10) to go directly from your start to a position near your home. By doing this, you bypass most of the board and you can go straight into your home. --Runner5k 17:41, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

Reverting edit by 68.36.158.234
The edit made by 68.36.158.234 deleted a lot of important information in this article, so I reverted to the edit by Eliz81. If you disagree with this, you can discuss it here. --Runner5k 11:18, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

I disagree with this!!!!! 209.51.250.34 (talk) 00:46, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

Special editions
I have the Pokemon edition of Sorry!, which includes some special rules; some of the cards are additionally coloured, 1 for each team, with bonuses. For example, a 12 of your own colour allows you to move 12 or 24 spaces. I don't have the game where I am now so can't check details. 128.232.250.254 15:39, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

Diamond space
While it's true that old versions of Sorry! contain a "diamond space," I'm aware of no authority for the proposition that you cannot move forward *from* the diamond space. The 1972 rules state that "[n]o piece may move forward over the DIAMOND square of its own colour," though "a player's own DIAMOND square may be crossed on a backward move." But the present version of the article suggests that if a 10 is played to move back to the diamond, a (say) 3 could not then be played to move that piece 3 spaces forward. But the rules don't say this.
 * The 1930s rules say you're right. Lovingboth (talk) 18:56, 5 December 2011 (UTC)
 * This is wonderful but needs clarifying as I find it confusing, ie. what card will allow a move forward from/over the Diamond Space indeed what purpose does this <>space serve?

It's on my old board but my rules (which may be from a different era) don't mention it CuriousGeorgeTwo (talk) 00:44, 28 January 2012 (UTC) 00:40 28Jan2010

Re: Hoyle "Table" Games 'Bump 'Em' paragraph
OK, I'm being nit-picky, BUT, I own a copy of the 2005 version of this computer games program, and it's titled "Hoyle Board Games". Hope I'm not wasting anybody's time.
 * []173.127.94.22 (talk) 11:49, 5 May 2011 (UTC)

Video game versions
in addition to the 1998 release, there have been several other versions that I have heard of, though not seen. Currently on the XBOX LIVE Marketplace, Sorry! can be purchased as part of a games pack and played with others on the same osnsole or, I bleieve, online. TheHoit (talk) 18:20, 3 December 2011 (UTC)

Modern Version: 45 cards or 55 cards?
Does the modern version have 45 or 55 cards? The article is not clear, and cites both in various places. In the former section, it says that the modern deck has 55 cards, whereas the latter has 45. —141.152.52.7 (talk) 18:02, 25 November 2012 (UTC)

Bump 'em
Hoyle Puzzle & Board Games 2008 has Turbo spaces. Does anyone else have a version of Bump 'em with Turbo spaces? Respectfully,  Tiyang (talk) 10:19, 14 September 2013 (UTC)

BCM - postal address, not manufacturer!
The early copies of the game in the UK invited people to write to the manufacturers at BCM Sorry, London WC1. This has caused some people to believe that the company was called BCM and at least one WP editor to believe that this was an acronym for 'British Card Manufacturers'. A quick search shows that only WP and material derived from it have this story or anything about that company name. Companies House's online records go back at least that far and they have no record of a company with that name, and that's because the story is not correct.

In 1925, a company called British Monomarks started a post box and redirection service that survives to this day (http://www.britishmonomarks.co.uk/british-monomarks/) - I'm a bit surprised there doesn't seem to be a WP page on them. Individuals who want them to handle their mail get an address of the form 'BM WPEditor, London' and since the 1970s, the post code has been WC1N 3AX. Companies that want them to handle their mail get an address of 'BCM WPInc, London WC1N 3AX'... and this is what the company that first made Sorry! did, choosing to receive mail at BCM Sorry. As this pre-dates the UK post code system by about 50 years, they just had the London postal district added: London WC1.

Their real name was W.H. Storey & Co Ltd and as seen in their other games of the period, they were based in Croydon, Surrey, in the south of Greater London. Lovingboth (talk) 13:43, 19 January 2017 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Sparks Gaming the System
— Assignment last updated by Ashmarc (talk) 19:48, 4 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sorry! (game)


text:
High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free

"High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free" is the national anthem of Sierra Leone. Written by Clifford Nelson Fyle and composed by John Akar in a nationwide competition, it was adopted in 1961 when the country became independent from the United Kingdom, replacing "God Save The Queen". The Constitution of Sierra Leone, 1991, makes it the responsibility of every citizen of Sierra Leone to "respect its ideals and its institutions", including the national anthem.

Lyrics
The anthem consists of three verses, each ending with the phrase "Land that we love, our Sierra Leone."

title: High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free


text:
Talk:Hundred Flowers Campaign

Pro-Mao Bias
Several sections of this article have a strong pro-Mao bias. This article is littered with POV statements.

Example: "Many of these letters, as stated by Mao in early 1957, had violated the Healthy Criticism level and had reached a harmful and uncontrollable level."

"..a harmful and uncontrollable level" according to whom? This was simply Mao's excuse for crushing the movement and purging/killing those who had spoken out.

Example 2: "If any new forms of cultural institutions or arts were being suggested, such proposals were overshadowed by the amount of "unhealthy" political criticism."

Again, this is using the vague notion of "unhealthy" (even though it is in quotes). Also, the stated goal of the movement was to generate criticism not "cultural institutions or arts."

The Chinese name says "White Flowers Movement", is it an error?

I don't exactly know what you're saying. Colipon 04:27, 11 Sep 2003 (UTC)

 * It was an error, which was corrected. Refer to the page history. --Jiang 05:14, 11 Sep 2003 (UTC)

 * "White" sounds similar to "Hundred" when pronounced in English. --Taishaku 05:14, 25 Aug 2006 (UTC)

 * Er, I think you mean that the Chinese character for "hundred", 百, is very similar to "white", 白. At least it's that way for Japanese kanji, and should be pretty much the same in Chinese characters...

"Mao had simply grown sick of continual bashing of the CCP."
I removed this phrase from the article. If there is a source that can show that Mao had gotten tired of criticism, it should be reformulated so as to not trivialize it ("simply grown sick") and in a more encyclopedic language. Foolip 19:53, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Anti-Maoist Propaganda
This is a simply anti-Maoist propaganda, if Mao despised intellectuals, why would he have written so much about epistemology and the importance of learning? Mao wasn't against dissent. The Cultural Revolution was all about dissent; it was a massive movement against a corrupt government.

I welcome you to fix the article. I based some of these writings 3 years ago on a book by Stuart Schramm on Mao. Some of my ideas have changed from then. Colipon+(T) 19:10, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * If Mao didn't despise intellectuals, why did he kill so many of them?64.111.151.124 (talk) 21:20, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

Who Concluded?

 * Some concluded that Mao knew the outcome before the campaign had even started.

Who is "some"? Right-wing Americans? Flag-waving Communist party members? European historians? FireWorks 07:48, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

Source
Anyone have a source for "death toll possibly in the millions"? That's a really shakey statement as is. FireWorks 07:48, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

A good source on the Chinese Revolution is Keith Schoppa's book on the Chinese revolution. Schoppa gives estimates in his book. Also, A good memoir to read about the Revolution is by Liang Heng and Judy Shapiro, The Son of the Revolution.It is a memior that may give you a heartfelt account of the Chinese revolution from someone who experienced it.

NPOV
Is this NPOV? - "However, it turned out to be a trap, and Mao persecuted those who had views different than the party."

The campaign was not a "trap"
Mao instituted this campaign as a way to hear from his intellectual elite what the party could work on in order to become stronger and more efficient. He hoped that a few members of the party could give some valuable constructive criticisms and opinions. Mao never expected to see the bombardment of criticisms that resulted from his call, and as a result, may well have taken the criticisms personally. Consequently, those who demonstrated the greatest opposition to the way of the regime were persecuted. However, there is a distinct difference between a planned result and an unseen consequence and the persecution of those in opposition was an unseen consequence. Mao did NOT plan to punish people. Therefore the use of the word "trap" is completely erroneous.

- and you know this because.... (user: FieryPhoenix)

-It's an open debate whether or not the campaign was a "trap" from the outset, or whether Mao himself claimed this to save face as the criticism exceeded what he expected. Regardless, that the article cites only two proponents of the "trap" theory and one is Clive James (who I admire for many reasons but for not his depth of understanding of PRC history) doesn't help the argument either way. His name should be dropped.

Neutrality Dispute
As a few people have already said, this article does not present a neutral point of view. It insinuates that the Hundred Flowers Movement was deliberately designed as a "trap" for opponents when this is not fact, only one particular opinion. The more common revisionist take on the reason for the movement and then the sudden turn around and the Anti-Rightist Campaign that followed is described above (The campaign was not a "trap").

-- I have cleaned up that section to say that it may have been a trap, not to definitively state that it was. Accordingly, I'll remove the NPOV dispute if people feel its appropriate.

There's a lot of information missing from this article
I read an article on asiansentinel and am was surprised to see how deep this campaign was. I have heard a little bit about it from various other sources but with the current wikipedia article it's a question of white washing Mao's purge. The article might be biased but is there anybody willing to dispute the facts stated in the article? Yukon guy 19:05, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=374&Itemid=31

-- "Many of these letters, as stated by Mao in early 1957, had violated the Healthy Criticism level and had reached a harmful and uncontrollable level."

This statement is strong POV as to what consists healthy vs harmful criticism (how did criticism that the government was totalitarian become "harmful"?). I have added quotes appropriately, since the viewpoint is attributed to Mao:

Many of these letters, as stated by Mao in early 1957, had violated the "healthy criticism" level and had reached a "harmful and uncontrollable" level.

I humbly suggest that those who contribute to this page, and all others, should simply cite their sources. Discussing the issue of neutrality of this topic is much grounded if we are able to read one another's sources and then evaluate one another's opinions.

The dates (1958-1966) don't add up.

 * I will clean this up. Colipon+(T) 02:34, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Trap?
"It is commonly believed that the campaign was a political trap, alleging that Mao persecuted those who had views different from the party. The ideological crackdown following the campaign's failure re-imposed Maoist orthodoxy in public expression."

There is really no basis for this statement, the idea put forward that is "common" thought that this was a "trap," has little to no basis beyond Jung Chang's writings. However other notable Sinologists and biographers of Mao have serious disagreements with her views on this subject.

The only basis for such assertions as well seem to be only a postori look at the "anti-Rightist" campaign.

Further it might be "commonly believed," but what is important is whether or not this common understanding amongst scholars in the field. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.198.123.73 (talk) 02:53, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

 * It's an internet trope, isn't it: there's always somebody ready to step up and defend the indefensible. Get it through your skull that Mao was a million times worse than Hitler.137.205.183.114 (talk) 08:32, 22 August 2014 (UTC)

What does Zhou Enlai have to do with it?
In reference to the theory that the campaign was a deliberate ruse to expose rightists, the article intro states that the theory has been challenged on the grounds that Zhou Enlai was also involved. What relevance does this have? Is the implication that Zhou was a saint, and would never participate in such a ruse?

Li Zhisui's account of the campaign's genesis and evolution does offer a good counterpoint to Jun Chang. Li's argument is basically that Mao intended to use the campaign to consolidate his own power and direct criticism toward opponents. He was dismayed when criticisms turn against him, and the rest is history.

(Speaking of that history, the article is very weak on the extent of persecution that followed the campaign).

Back to the trap question, I find Jun Chang's arguments on the matter to be valuable (if only she were more inclined to cite her sources...), even if I'm not totally ready to buy into it. She draws on Mao's talks with Party brass analyzing the Hungarian uprising, and concluding that the Hungarians' problem was that "they didn't eliminate all those counter-revolutionaries....Eastern Europe just didn't kill on a grand scale." She also quotes Mao in Spring telling Ke Qing-shi and others that the campaign was analagous to "casting a long line to bait big fish," and saying "how can we catch the snakes if we don't let them out of their lairs." Homunculus (duihua) 18:46, 12 November 2010 (UTC)

I the absence of a response, I made an attempt to improve this section and removed the confusing reference to Zhou Enlai. Room for improvement remains, so I'm open to suggestions on how to make this section more clear and representative of different viewpoints. Homunculus (duihua) 00:50, 23 November 2010 (UTC)

Removal of Falsified Quotation
The claim that Mao remarked at the time that he had "enticed the snakes out of their caves." was explicitly rejected in the first source ("The 'Hundred Flowers' was not, as Mao's victims and supporters both claims, a carefully contribed trap from the start, an example of the Chairman's cunning in 'luring the snake out of its hole'. p.468 Short, Mao: A Life) and completely unsourced in the second. It also appears nowhere in the published corpus, but its inclusion in this article has been widely repeated. The Grza 03:31, 4 April 2016 (UTC)

Poem source
The article mentions the name of the campaign comes from a poem, but is Mao the poem author? Is that the full extent of the poem? barraponto (talk) 14:53, 28 January 2021 (UTC)

Citations needed (and not)
I reinserted a citation that someone considered a weak source. In part I did this to draw attention that the lede has numerous sources, including the reinserted one -- which actually seems reasonably credible for the assertion, even if the source is somewhat commercial. And ss I understand it, citations in a well written lede are not even needed if the lede does a good job summarizing the article.

Meanwhile, the article itself has ZERO citations                                                                                for History, ONE for Campaign launch, TWO for Effects, and TWO for Discussion -- weak weak weak.

broken/ bad citation link?
Citation five links to an archive of a google books page, but there is no content, simply, "image not available." I'm new, so I'm not quite sure how to approach this issue as would normally be done. The claim citation five exists in regards to seems pretty central to the content of the page, so I would think that having a valid source is important there. What should happen? Thanks, AquaticOnWiki (talk) 19:42, 13 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Hi . In most cases, where a book is cited the link should not go to a "preview" on google books. If the book is available in the library at the Internet Archive the link should go to the book there. For books unavailable at the archive, the link should go to the page about the book on the publisher's website - preferably the publisher of the edition cited, but if that is unavailable the current publisher can also be used. Cambial foliage❧ 20:23, 13 October 2021 (UTC)

Start of the campaign seems iffy?
So I read a book called "China's Men of Letters" by K.E. Priestley, and there's a pretty decent source on the Hundred Flowers campaign in general. However, it states that the campaign began in May 1956, while this article implies it started much later. It's further implied to have been so, when it states the campaign's beginning was marked by "On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People", which was spoken in February 1957. Reading that speech, it seems Mao Zedong was talking moreso in retrospect.

I'm unsure if this is 100% right, as I only have my notes on me from when I borrowed the book. If you're curious, by all means view them here, the book is admittedly quite rare:

I believe it's worth fact checking all this just to make sure we're on the right track.

Harvard Citation here: Priestley, K. E., and Shou-jung Chʻên. “The Hundred Flowers Campaign” in China’s Men of Letters, Yesterday and Today. Hong Kong: Dragonfly Books, 1962. Print.

Thank you for your time! Plague von Karma (talk) 18:08, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hundred Flowers Campaign


text:
Irving Layton

 Irving Peter Layton, OC (March 12, 1912 – January 4, 2006) was a Romanian-born Canadian poet. He was known for his "tell it like it is" style which won him a wide following but also made him enemies. As T. Jacobs notes in his biography (2001), Layton fought Puritanism throughout his life: "Layton's work had provided the bolt of lightning that was needed to split open the thin skin of conservatism and complacency in the poetry scene of the preceding century, allowing modern poetry to expose previously unseen richness and depth."

Early life
Irving Layton was born on March 12, 1912, as  Israel Pincu Lazarovitch in Târgu Neamţ to Romanian Jewish parents, Moses and Klara (Moscovitch) Lazarovitch. He migrated with his family to Montreal, Quebec in 1913, where they lived in the impoverished St. Urbain Street neighbourhood, later made famous by the novels of Mordecai Richler. There, Layton and his family (his father died when Irving was 13) faced daily struggles with, among others, Montreal's French Canadians, who were uncomfortable with the growing numbers of Jewish newcomers. Layton, however, identified himself not as an observant Jew but rather as a freethinker.

Layton graduated from Alexandra Elementary School and attended Baron Byng High School, where his life was changed when he was introduced to such poets as Tennyson, Walter Scott, Wordsworth, Byron, and Shelley; the novelists Jane Austen and George Eliot; the essayists Francis Bacon, Oliver Goldsmith, Samuel Johnson, and Jonathan Swift; and also Shakespeare and Darwin. He was befriended by David Lewis and became very interested in politics and social theory. He joined the Young People's Socialist League or YPSL (commonly pronounced "Yipsel"), which Lewis led. He began reading Karl Marx and Nietzsche. His activities in YPSL were deemed a threat to the high school administration, and he was asked to leave before graduating in 1930. It was Lewis who introduced Layton to A. M. Klein. Lewis asked Klein to be Layton's Latin tutor so he could pass the junior matriculation exams. Lewis gave him $10 to pay the fee for the exam and he passed. It was also during his time with Klein that he became interested in the sound of poetry. Klein and I met once weekly at Fletcher's Field just across from the YHMA [sic] on Mt.Royal Avenue, and I vividly recall the first lesson: Virgil's Aeneid, Book II:I

...hearing Klein roll off the Virgilian hexameters in a beautiful orotund voice that rose above the traffic, I think it was then that I realized how lovely and very moving the sound of poetry could be. I must confess my Latin wasn't sufficient to appreciate the sense that Virgil was making with his marvelous hexameters, but Klein's zeal and enthusiasm, his forceful delivery, his very genuine love of language, of poetry, all came through to me at that time. And I think that was most fortunate for me. ... Klein published Layton's first poem in The McGilliad, the underground campus journal he was editing at McGill University.

Emerging poet: the 1930s and 1940s
Despite Layton's limited educational opportunities, his lack of a high school diploma, and his limited finances, he enrolled in Macdonald College (McGill) in 1934 and received a Bachelor of Science degree in Agriculture.

While in college, he was well-known in artistic circles for his anti-bourgeois attitudes and his criticism of politics. He quickly found that his true interest was poetry, so he pursued a career as a poet, and soon became friends with the emerging young poets of his day, including fellow Canadian poets John Sutherland, Raymond Souster, and Louis Dudek. In the 1940s, Layton and his fellow Canadian poets rejected the older generation of poets, as well as critics Northrop Frye; their efforts helped define the tone of the post-war generation of poets in Canada. Essentially, they argued that English Canadian poets should set their own style, independent of British styles and influences, and should reflect the social realities of the day.

In 1936 Layton met Faye Lynch, whom he married in 1938. When Layton graduated from Macdonald College in 1939, he moved with Faye to Halifax, where he worked odd jobs, including a stint as a Fuller Brush salesman. Soon disenchanted with his life, Layton decided to return to Montreal. He began teaching English to recent immigrants to make ends meet and continued doing so for many years.

Indecisive about his future and enraged by Hitler's violence toward Jews and destruction of European culture, Layton enlisted in the Canadian army in 1942. While training at Petawawa, Layton met Betty Sutherland, an accomplished painter (and later poet), and a half-sister to actor Donald Sutherland. Layton soon divorced Faye and married Betty. They had two children together: Max Reuben (1946) and Naomi Parker (1950). In 1943 Layton was given an honourable discharge from the army and returned to Montreal, where he became involved with several literary magazines including the seminal Northern Review, which he co-edited with John Sutherland.

Layton's involvement with David Lewis and the Young People's Socialist League developed into activism with the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Lewis was the National Secretary at the time). Because of his YPSL activities Layton was blacklisted in the 1930s and banned from entering the United States for the next two decades. While for a time he still considered himself a Marxist, he became anti-Communist at the lectures Lewis gave at YPSL and broke with many on the left with his support of the Vietnam War.

1950s: International "stardom"
"Of the poets who emerged in Montréal during this period," of the early 1950s, "Layton was the most outspoken and flamboyant. His satire was generally directed against bourgeois dullness, and his famous love poems were erotically explicit."

By the mid-1950s, Layton's activism and poetry had made him a staple on the CBC televised debating program Fighting Words, where he earned a reputation as a formidable debater. The publication of A Red Carpet for the Sun in 1959 secured Layton's national reputation while the many books of poetry that followed eventually gave him an international reputation, never as high however, in the United States and Britain as it was in some countries where Layton was read in translation.

In 1946 Layton received an M.A. in economics and political science from McGill, with a thesis on Harold Laski. Three years later he began teaching English, history, and political science at the Jewish parochial high school Herzliah (a branch of the United Talmud Torahs of Montreal). He was an influential teacher, and some of his students became writers and artists. Among his students was television magnate Moses Znaimer. Layton continued to teach for the greater part of his life: as a teacher of modern English and American poetry at Sir George Williams University (now Concordia University) and as a tenured professor at Toronto's York University from 1969 to 1978. At York one of his first students was Joseph Pivato who became a writer, critic and academic. Layton delivering many lectures and readings throughout Canada. Layton pursued his PhD in 1948, but he abandoned it due to the demands of his already hectic professional life. In 1976, he received an honorary doctorate from Concordia University.

In the late 1950s, friends introduced Layton to Aviva Cantor, who had emigrated to Montreal from her native Australia in 1955. After several years of painful indecision, Layton and Betty separated, and Layton moved in with Aviva. The two had a son, David, in 1964. Though Layton remained legally married to Betty, his relationship with Aviva lasted more than twenty years, ending only in the late 1970s when Aviva left.

Layton also met Leonard Cohen, with whom he remained friends for life and who dedicated his 2007 book The Book of Longing to Layton. Layton was also admired by such diverse artists and writers as Allen Ginsberg, Bob Dylan, among other poets.

Later years
In 1974 Irving met Harriet Bernstein, who was enrolled in his Poetry Workshop at York University. Although he was still living with Aviva, Irving and Harriet began an affair that continued for four years, culminating in their legal marriage in November 1978. In order to marry Harriet, Irving finally took the required legal action to divorce Betty, which he had neglected to do until this time. In 1981 a daughter, Samantha Clara, was born to Harriet and Irving. The marriage ended in a bitterly contested divorce. Layton then met Anna (Annette) Pottier and invited her to be his housekeeper, although it soon became apparent that she would play a far greater role in his life. Although 48 years his junior she became his fifth and last wife. They lived briefly in Niagara-on-the-Lake in the fall of 1982 and then spent nearly a year in Oakville, Ontario, before moving to the Montreal district of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce at the end of 1983. It was here that Layton wrote his memoir Waiting For the Messiah and with Pottier's support saw to the publication of his final books and translations. The couple eventually agreed that Pottier needed to begin a life of her own, and she moved out on March 1, 1995. Friends took care of Layton after he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. He died at the Maimonides Geriatric Centre in Côte Saint-Luc at the age of 93 on January 4, 2006.

In 2015 Pottier published her memoir, Good As Gone: My Life With Irving Layton (Dundurn Press, March 14, 2015).

Recognition
Throughout the 1950s and on into the early 1990s Layton travelled widely abroad and became especially popular in South Korea and Italy. In 1981 these two nations nominated him for the Nobel Prize for Literature. (The prize that year was instead awarded to Colombian novelist Gabriel García Márquez.) Among his many awards during his career was the Governor-General's Award for A Red Carpet for the Sun in 1959. In 1976 he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. He was the first non-Italian to be awarded the Petrarch Award for Poetry.

In his lifetime Layton attracted some criticism for his abrasiveness, egotism, and acrimonious feuds, including one with biographer Elspeth Cameron. He is remembered by many as one of the first Canadian rebels of poetry, politics, and philosophy. At Layton's funeral, Leonard Cohen, Moses Znaimer, and David Solway were among those who gave eulogies.

A street in Montreal has been named Irving Layton Avenue. It is located behind St.Richards Church and close to the corner of Guelph Road and Parkhaven Avenue.

An online scholarly journal, The Bull Calf (founded by Kait Pinder and J.A. Weingarten), is named in honour of Layton's famous poem of the same name.

He is considered Leonard Cohen's literary mentor. Leonard Cohen once said of Layton, "I taught him how to dress, he taught me how to live forever."

He is depicted in the upcoming drama television series So Long, Marianne, in which he will be portrayed by Peter Stormare.

Poetry

 * Here and Now. Montreal: First Statement Press, 1945.
 * Now Is The Place: Stories and Poems. Montreal: First Statement Press, 1948.
 * The Black Huntsmen: Poems. Montreal: 1951.
 * With Louis Dudek and Raymond Souster. Cerberus. Toronto: Contact Press, 1952.
 * Love the Conqueror Worm. Toronto: Contact Press, 1953.
 * In the Midst of My Fever. Palma de Mallorca, Spain: Divers Press, 1954.
 * The Long Pea-Shooter. Montreal: Laocoon Press, 1954.
 * The Blue Propeller. Toronto: Contact Press, 1955.
 * The Cold Green Element. Toronto: Contact Press, 1955.
 * The Bull Calf and Other Poems. Toronto: Contact Press, 1956.
 * The Improved Binoculars: Selected Poems. Introduction by William Carlos Williams. Highlands, NC: Jonathan Williams, 1956. 2nd edition 1957. Toronto: Porcupine’s Quill, 1991. ISBN 0-88984-101-2
 * Music on a Kazoo. Toronto: Contact Press, 1956.
 * A Laughter in the Mind. Highlands, NC: Jonathan Williams, 1958. 2nd edition Montreal: Editions d'Orphée, 1959.
 * A Red Carpet for the Sun. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1959.
 * The Swinging Flesh Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1961. (poems and stories)
 * Balls for a One-Armed Juggler Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1963.
 * The Laughing Rooster. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1964.
 * Collected Poems. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1965.
 * Periods of the Moon: Poems. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1967.
 * The Shattered Plinths. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1968.
 * Selected Poems. Wynne Francis ed. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1969. London: Charisma, 1977.
 * The Whole Bloody Bird: Obs, Aphs & Pomes. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1969.
 * Poems to Color — 1970
 * The Collected Poems of Irving Layton. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1971.
 * Nailpolish. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1971.
 * Lovers and Lesser Men. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1973.
 * The Pole-Vaulter. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1974.
 * Seventy-five Greek Poems, 1951–1974. Athens: Hermias Publications, 1974.
 * The Darkening Fire: Selected Poems, 1945–1968. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1975.
 * The Unwavering Eye: Selected Poems, 1969–1975. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1975.
 * The Uncollected Poems of Irving Layton: 1936–59. Ed. W. David John. Ottawa, Ontario: Mosaic Press, 1976.
 * For my Brother Jesus. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1976.
 * The Poems of Irving Layton. Eli Mandel ed. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1977. Also published, with an introduction by Hugh Kenner, as The Selected Poems of Irving Layton. New York: New Directions, 1977. ISBN 0-8112-0642-4
 * Rhine Boat Trip – 1977
 * The Covenant. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1977.
 * The Tightrope Dancer. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1978.
 * The Love Poems of Irving Layton. Toronto: Canadian Fine Editions, 1978. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1980.
 * Droppings from Heaven. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1979.
 * The Tamed Puma. Toronto: Virgo Press, 1979.
 * There Were No Signs. Toronto: Madison Gallery, 1979.
 * For My Neighbours in Hell. Oakville, Ontario: Mosaic Press, 1980. ISBN 0-88962-111-X
 * Europe And Other Bad News. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1981.
 * A Wild Peculiar Joy: Selected Poems, 1945–82 Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1982. 2nd edition 1989. "There Were No Signs" from A Wild Peculiar Joy, online at CBC Words at Large
 * Shadows on the Ground: A Portfolio — 1982
 * The Gucci Bag. Oakville, Ontario: Mosaic Press, 1983. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1983. Flatiron Book Distributors, 1995. ISBN 0-88962-245-0.
 * The Love Poems of Irving Layton: With Reverence & Delight. Oakville, Ontario: Mosaic Press, 1984. Toronto: Mosaic Press; 2002. ISBN 0-88962-246-9
 * A Spider Danced a Cosy Jig. Toronto: Stoddart, 1984.
 * Dance With Desire: Love Poems. Toronto:McClelland & Stewart, 1986. Dance With Desire: Selected Love Poems. Toronto: Porcupine’s Quill, 1992. ISBN 0-88984-135-7
 * Fortunate Exile. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1987. ISBN 0-7710-4947-1.
 * Final Reckoning: Poems, 1982–1986. Oakville, Ontario: Mosaic Press, 1987.
 * Fornalutx: Selected Poems, 1928–1990. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-7735-0963-1

Letters

 * An Unlikely Affair: The Irving Layton – Dorothy Rath Correspondence. Toronto: Mosaic Press, 1990. ISBN 0-88962-101-2.
 * Wild Gooseberries: The Selected Letters of Irving Layton — Toronto: Macmillan, 1989. ISBN 978-0-7715-9424-3
 * Irving Layton and Robert Creeley: The Complete Correspondence, 1953–1978. Toronto: McGill-Queens University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-7735-0657-8.

Except where noted, bibliographical information courtesy University of Toronto.

Discography

 * Six Montreal Poets. New York: Folkways Records, 1957. Includes A.J.M. Smith, Leonard Cohen, Irving Layton, F. R. Scott, Louis Dudek, and A.M. Klein. (cassette, 60 mins).
 * Irving Layton at Le Hibou. c.1962. (L.p.)
 * Poems of Irving Layton. Jewish Public Library, c.1965. (cassette)
 * Irving Layton. Sir George Williams University, 1967. (cassette)
 * Irving Layton Reads His Poetry. Jewish Public Library, c.1967. (cassette)
 * An Evening with Irving Layton. University of Guelph, 1969. (cassette)
 * Irving Layton. High Barnet, c. 1972. (cassette)
 * Layton. Caedmon, c.1973. (LP)
 * A Red Carpet for the Sun. Trent University, 1975. (cassette)
 * An Evening with Irving Layton. Jewish Public Library, 1976. (cassette)
 * My Brother Jesus. Saidye Bronfman Center, 1976. (cassette)
 * An Evening with Irving Layton. Jewish Public Library, 1981. (cassette)
 * Irving Layton. TV Ontario, 1984. 14 mins. (video cassette)
 * A Poetry Reading by Irving Layton. League of Canadian Poets, 1982. (cassette)
 * A Wild Peculiar Joy: Selected Poems 1945–82. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1990. (cassette) ISBN 0-7710-4950-1 "There Were No Signs" from A Wild Peculiar Joy, online at CBC Words at Large
 * Celebration: Famous Canadian Poets CD Canadian Poetry Association – 2001 ISBN 1-55253-029-9 (with Earle Birney) (CD#1)

Except where noted, discographical information courtesy University of Toronto.

title: Irving Layton


text:
CCF

CCF can refer to:

Computing

 * Confidential Consortium Framework, a free and open source blockchain infrastructure framework developed by Microsoft
 * Customer Care Framework, a Microsoft product

Finance

 * Credit conversion factor converts the amount of a free credit line and other off-balance-sheet transactions to its credit exposure equivalent, i.e. an Exposure at default
 * Common contractual fund, an Irish collective investment scheme
 * Crédit Commercial de France, a defunct French bank, now part of HSBC

Health care

 * Congestive cardiac failure

Organisations

 * Cambodian Children's Fund, a charity organisation
 * Center for Consumer Freedom, a food industry advocacy group
 * Cheetah Conservation Fund, a Namibian wildlife conservation organization
 * China Carbon Forum, a non-profit organization promoting climate change stakeholder dialogue
 * China Computer Federation, Chinese association for computing professionals
 * Combined Cadet Force, British-government sponsored organisation for youth military training

Politics

 * Conservative Christian Fellowship, an organisation allied with the British Conservative Party
 * Conservative Collegiate Forum, the United Kingdom Conservative party's student organisation from 1986 to 1998
 * Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, historic Canadian political party

Sport

 * Cyprus Cycling Federation, a Cypriot bicycling organization

Transport

 * Canadian Car and Foundry, a Canadian manufacturer of rail cars and buses
 * CCF, IATA code for Carcassonne Salvaza Airport in France

Other

 * Cartoon Cartoon Fridays, a former programming block from Cartoon Network
 * Centum cubic feet (100 cubic feet), an American standard unit of measurement for the volume of water or natural gas, sometimes capitalized as "Ccf" (from the Roman numeral for 100, C; see also Therm)
 * Christ's Commission Fellowship, a non-denominational evangelical Christian church based in the Philippines
 * Concentrated Complete Fertiliser, a product of Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI); see History of fertilizer
 * Concentric crater fill, a geologic feature observed in impact craters on Mars
 * Congress for Cultural Freedom, an anti-Communist advocacy group, dissolved in 1979
 * Corpus Carminum Færoensium, a collection of Faroese folk ballads

title: CCF