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Personal information management

Personal information management (PIM) is the study and implementation of the activities that people perform in order to acquire or create, store, organize, maintain, retrieve, and use informational items such as documents (paper-based and digital), web pages, and email messages for everyday use to complete tasks (work-related or not) and fulfill a person's various roles (as parent, employee, friend, member of community, etc.); it is information management with intrapersonal scope. Personal knowledge management is by some definitions a subdomain.

One ideal of PIM is that people should always have the right information in the right place, in the right form, and of sufficient completeness and quality to meet their current need. Technologies and tools can help so that people spend less time with time-consuming and error-prone clerical activities of PIM (such as looking for and organising information). But tools and technologies can also overwhelm people with too much information leading to information overload.

A special focus of PIM concerns how people organize and maintain personal information collections, and methods that can help people in doing so. People may manage information in a variety of settings, for a variety of reasons, and with a variety of types of information. For example, a traditional office worker might manage physical documents in a filing cabinet by placing them in hanging folders organized alphabetically by project name. More recently, this office worker might organize digital documents into the virtual folders of a local, computer-based file system or into a cloud-based store using a file hosting service (e.g., Dropbox, Microsoft OneDrive, Google Drive). People manage information in many more private, personal contexts as well. A parent may, for example, collect and organize photographs of their children into a photo album which might be paper-based or digital.

PIM considers not only the methods used to store and organize information, but also is concerned with how people retrieve information from their collections for re-use. For example, the office worker might re-locate a physical document by remembering the name of the project and then finding the appropriate folder by an alphabetical search. On a computer system with a hierarchical file system, a person might need to remember the top-level folder in which a document is located, and then browse through the folder contents to navigate to the desired document. Email systems often support additional methods for re-finding such as fielded search (e.g., search by sender, subject, date). The characteristics of the document types, the data that can be used to describe them (meta-data), and features of the systems used to store and organize them (e.g. fielded search) are all components that may influence how users accomplish personal information management.

Overview
The purview of PIM is broad. A person's perception of and ability to effect change in the world is determined, constrained, and sometimes greatly extended, by an ability to receive, send and otherwise manage information.

The senses in which information is personal
Research in the field of personal information management has considered six senses in which information can be personal (to “me”) and so an object of person’s PIM activities:
 * 1) Owned by "me", e.g., paper documents in a home office, emails on a personal account, files on a personal computer or in the personal store of a Web cloud service. Preservation of this information especially for the longer-term and for legacy raises issues of personal archiving. The increasing digitization of personal information raises issues of digital preservation.
 * 2) About "me". This refers especially to information (sometimes referred to as personal data) kept by others such as credit records, health records, search history, etc. Such information can greatly impact a person's reputation, treatment and ability to get things done and raises major issues of privacy.
 * 3) Directed toward "me", e.g., e-mails, phone calls, drop-ins, TV ads, web ads, pop-ups and including, even, self-interruptions (e.g., interrupting a work task to check a sports score).  The management of incoming information raises issues of attention management: It can sometimes have critical importance but at other times, it can distract and derail a person's efforts to get things done. Information filtering systems have the potential to increase the relevance to the person of incoming information but at the potential cost of reinforcing a person's prejudices and preconceived notions or of filtering out information that the person should experience.
 * 4) Sent/Posted by "me", e.g., sent e-mails, personal websites, blog posts, social media posts, published reports and articles. Information provided by a person – deliberately and inadvertently – can prove decisive in the impressions that others form of this person.
 * 5) Experienced by "me", e.g., Web history, photos (taken by others as well as by "me"), journal entries, full-motion videos from head-mounted cameras and other efforts to lifelog. The increasing use of tools that keep a time-stamped record of a person's activities and bodily states either explicitly (e.g., Fitbit or the Apple Watch) or implicitly (e.g., through Web page browsing, emails and texts) has given rise to notions of a quantified self.
 * 6) Relevant to "me"—a catch-all category that includes information of potential relevance to a person e.g., information a person doesn't know about but ought to know about. Recommender systems, which learn a person's preferences either from explicit ratings or, implicitly, from a person's past selections, have the potential to make a person aware of information the person might not otherwise know about or think to search for. More conventionally, a person's network of friends, family and colleagues can provide a means for the person to incidentally encounter information of relevance.

A personal space of information and personal information collections
An encyclopaedic review of PIM literature suggests that all six senses of personal information listed above and the tools and technologies used to work with such information (from email applications and word processors to personal information managers and virtual assistants) combine to form a personal space of information (PSI, pronounced as in the Greek letter, alternately referred to as a personal information space) that is unique for each individual. Within a person's PSI are personal information collections (PICs) or, simply, collections. Examples include:

 * photos, digital or paper-based, possibly as organized into albums, virtual or physical;
 * digital documents organized into folders and subfolders
 * emails, organized into email folders or, possibly, left in an ever larger inbox;
 * paper documents relating to personal finances and possessions, as organized into the hanging folders of a traditional vertical filing cabinet.
 * digital songs as organized through application such as iTunes.

Activities of PIM
Activities of PIM i.e., the actions people take to manage information that is personal to them in one or more of the ways listed above, can be seen as an effort to establish, use, and maintain a mapping between information and need.

Two activities of PIM occur repeatedly throughout a person's day and are often prompted by external events.
 * Activities to find (and re-find) move from a current need toward information to meet this need. If a person is asked by a colleague "When is the staff meeting?", for example, the person may meet the need (to answer accurately) by checking in a calendar of scheduled events.
 * Activities to keep move from encountered information toward anticipated need. A person may, for example, receive an email (information encountered) and flag (an act of keeping) as "high priority" or "read later" depending upon the message's assessed importance.

Meta-level activities focus more broadly on aspects of the mapping itself.
 * Activities to maintain & organize focus on personal information collections such as a person's inbox, photo collection, or the digital documents in a personal file system. Included are efforts to delete or archive information that is out-of-date or no longer used, efforts to update file formats, and efforts to create backups of information to secure against loss. Also included are efforts to create an organizing structure in support of keeping and re-finding.
 * Activities to manage privacy and the flow of information include, for example, decisions concerning privacy settings in a social media application such as Facebook and efforts to manage email subscriptions and efforts to filter incoming email (e.g., by marking some as "junk" or "spam").
 * Activities to measure and evaluate include efforts to assess the time effectiveness of a practice of PIM e.g., "Am I spending too much time in email?"; "Is this folder structure worth the trouble it takes to maintain?"
 * Activities to make sense of and use information focus on the decisions to make and the actions to take for a collection of information, once gathered. For example, among the choices available in new automobiles (new laptops, new employees, etc.), which will best meet a person's needs? Or what is the overall picture of health that emerges from all the data kept by a fitness tracker?

PIM activities overlap with one another. For example, the effort to keep an email attachment as a document in a personal file system may prompt an activity to organize the file system e.g., by creating a new folder for the document. Similarly, activities to organize may be prompted by a person's efforts to find a document as when, for example, a person discovers that two folders have overlapping content and should be consolidated.

Meta-level activities overlap not only with finding and keeping activities but, even more so, with each other. For example, efforts to re-organize a personal file system can be motivated by the evaluation that the current file organization is too time-consuming to maintain and doesn't properly highlight the information most in need of attention.

Information items, forms, and fragmentation
Information sent and received takes many different information forms in accordance with a growing list of communication modes, supporting tools, and people's customs, habits, and expectations. People still send paper-based letters, birthday cards, and thank you notes. But increasingly, people communicate using digital forms of information including emails, digital documents shared (as attachments or via a file hosting service  such as Dropbox), blog posts and social media updates (e.g., using a service such as Facebook), text messages and links, text, photos, and videos shared via services such as Twitter, Snapchat, Reddit, and Instagram.

People work with information items as packages of information with properties that vary depending upon the information form involved. Files, emails, "tweets", Facebook updates, blog posts, etc. are each examples of the information item. The ways in which an information item can be manipulated depend upon its underlying form. Items can be created but not always deleted (completely). Most items can be copied, sent and transformed as in, for example, when a digital photo is taken of a paper document (transforming from paper to digital) and then possibly further transformed as when optical character recognition is used to extract text from the digital photo, and then transformed yet again when this information is sent to others via a text message.

Information fragmentation is a key problem of PIM often made worse by the many information forms a person must work with. Information is scattered widely across information forms on different devices, in different formats, in different organizations, with different supporting tools.

Information fragmentation creates problems for each kind of PIM activity. Where to keep new information? Where to look for (re-find) information already kept? Meta-level activities, such as maintaining and organizing, are also more difficult and time-consuming when different stores on different devices must be separately maintained. Problems of information fragmentation are especially manifest when a person must look across multiple devices and applications to gather together the information needed to complete a project.

History and background
PIM is a new field with ancient roots. When the oral rather than the written word dominated, human memory was the primary means for information preservation. As information was increasingly rendered in paper form, tools were developed over time to meet the growing challenges of management. For example, the vertical filing cabinet, now such a standard feature of home and workplace offices, was first commercially available in 1893.

With the increasing availability of computers in the 1950s came an interest in the computer as a source of metaphors and a test bed for efforts to understand the human ability to process information and to solve problems. Newell and Simon pioneered the computer's use as a tool to model human thought. They produced "The Logic Theorist," generally thought to be the first running artificial intelligence (AI) program. The computer of the 1950s was also an inspiration for the development of an information processing approach to human behavior and performance.

After the 1950s research showed that the computer, as a symbol processor, could "think" (to varying degrees of fidelity) like people do, the 1960s saw an increasing interest in the use of the computer to help people to think better and to process information more effectively. Working with Andries van Dam and others, Ted Nelson, who coined the word "hypertext", developed one of the first hypertext systems, The Hypertext Editing System, in 1968. That same year, Douglas Engelbart also completed work on a hypertext system called NLS (oN-Line System). Engelbart advanced the notion that the computer could be used to augment the human intellect. As heralded by the publication of Ulric Neisser's book Cognitive Psychology, the 1960s also saw the emergence of cognitive psychology as a discipline that focused primarily on a better understanding of the human ability to think, learn, and remember.

The computer as aid to the individual, rather than remote number cruncher in a refrigerated room, gained further validity from work in the late 1970s and through the 1980s to produce personal computers of increasing power and portability. These trends continue: computational power roughly equivalent to that of a desktop computer of a decade ago can now be found in devices that fit into the palm of a hand. The phrase "Personal Information Management" was itself apparently first used in the 1980s in the midst of general excitement over the potential of the personal computer to greatly enhance the human ability to process and manage information. The 1980s also saw the advent of so-called "PIM tools" that provided limited support for the management of such things as appointments and scheduling, to-do lists, phone numbers, and addresses. A community dedicated to the study and improvement of human–computer interaction also emerged in the 1980s.

As befits the "information" focus of PIM, PIM-relevant research of the 1980s and 1990s extended beyond the study of a particular device or application towards larger ecosystems of information management to include, for example, the organization of the physical office and the management of paperwork. Malone characterized personal organization strategies as 'neat' or 'messy' and described 'filing' and 'piling' approaches to the organization of information. Other studies showed that people vary their methods for keeping information according to anticipated uses of that information in the future. Studies explored the practical implications that human memory research might carry in the design of, for example, personal filing systems,  and information retrieval systems. Studies demonstrated a preference for navigation (browsing, "location-based finding) in the return to personal files, a preference that endures today notwithstanding significant improvements in search support.   and an increasing use of search as the preferred method of return to e-mails.

PIM, as a contemporary field of inquiry with a self-identified community of researchers, traces its origins to a Special Interest Group (SIG) session on PIM at the CHI 2004 conference and to a special National Science Foundation (NSF)-sponsored workshop held in Seattle in 2005.

Research
Much PIM research can be grouped according to the PIM activity that is the primary focus of the research. These activities are reflected in the two main models of PIM, i.e., that primary PIM activities are finding/re-finding, keeping and meta-level activities (see section  Activities of PIM) or, alternatively, keeping, managing, and exploiting. Important research is also being done under the special topics: Personality, mood, and emotion both as impacting and impacted by a person's practice of PIM, the management of personal health information and the management of personal information over the long run and for legacy.

Finding/re-finding
Throughout a typical day, people repeatedly experience the need for information in large amounts and small (e.g., "When is my next meeting?"; "What's the status of the budget forecast?" "What's in the news today?") prompting activities to find and re-find.

A large body of research in information seeking, information behavior, and information retrieval relates and especially to efforts to find information in public spaces such as the Web or a traditional library. There is a strong personal component even in efforts to find new information, never before experienced, from a public store such as the Web. For example, efforts to find information may be directed by a personally created outline, self-addressed email reminder or a to-do list. In addition, information inside a person's PSI can be used to support a more targeted, personalized search of the web.

A person's efforts to find useful information are often a sequence of interactions rather than a single transaction. Under a "berry picking" model of finding, information is gathered in bits and pieces through a series of interactions, and during this time, a person's expression of need, as reflected in the current query, evolves. People may favor stepwise approach to finding needed information to preserve a greater sense of control and context over the finding process and smaller steps may also reduce the cognitive burden associated with query formulation. In some cases, there simply isn't a "direct" way to access the information. For example, a person's remembrance for a needed Web site may only be through an email message sent by a colleague i.e., a person may not recall a Web address nor even keywords that might get be used in a Web search but the person does recall that the Web site was mentioned recently in an email from a colleague).

People may find (rather than re-find) information even when this information is ostensibly under their control. For example, items may be "pushed" into the PSI (e.g., via the inbox, podcast subscriptions, downloads). If these items are discovered later, it is through an act of finding not re-finding (since the person has no remembrance for the information).

Lansdale characterized the retrieval of information as a two-step process involving interplay between actions to recall and recognize. The steps of recall and recognition can iterate to progressively narrow the efforts to find the desired information. This interplay happens, for example, when people move through a folder hierarchy to a desired file or e-mail message or navigate through a website to a desired page.

But re-finding begins first with another step: Remember to look in the first place. People may take the trouble to create Web bookmarks or to file away documents and then forget about this information so that, in worst case, the original effort is wasted.

Also, finding/re-finding often means not just assembling a single item of information but rather a set of information. The person may need to repeat the finding sequence several times. A challenge in tool support is to provide people with ways to group or interrelate information items so that their chances improve of retrieving a complete set of the information needed to complete a task.

Over the years, PIM studies have determined that people prefer to return to personal information, most notably the information kept in personal digital files, by navigating rather than searching.

Support for searching personal information has improved dramatically over the years most notably in the provision for full-text indexing to improve search speed. With these improvements, preference may be shifting to search as a primary means for locating email messages (e.g., search on subject or sender, for messages not in view).

However, a preference persists for navigation as the primary means of re-finding personal files (e.g., stepwise folder traversal; scanning a list of files within a folder for the desired file), notwithstanding ongoing improvements in search support. The enduring preference for navigation as a primary means of return to files may have a neurological basis i.e., navigation to files appears to use mental facilities similar to those people use to navigate in the physical world.

Preference for navigation is also in line with a primacy effect repeatedly observed in psychological research such that preferred method of return aligns with initial exposure. Under a first impressions hypothesis, if a person's initial experience with a file included its placement in a folder, where the folder itself was reached by navigating through a hierarchy of containing folders, then the person will prefer a similar method – navigation – for return to the file later.

There have been some prototyping efforts to explore an in-context creation e.g., creation in the context of a project the person is working on, of not only files, but also other forms of information such as web references and email. Prototyping efforts have also explored ways to improve support for navigation e.g., by highlighting and otherwise making it easier to follow, the paths people are more likely to take in their navigation back to a file.

Keeping
Many events of daily life are roughly the converse of finding events: People encounter information and try to determine what, if anything, they should do with this information, i.e., people must match the information encountered to current or anticipated needs. Decisions and actions relating to encountered information are collectively referred to as keeping activities.

The ability to effectively handle information that is encountered by happenstance is essential to a person's ability to discover new material and make new connections. People also keep information that they have actively sought but do not have time to process currently. A search on the web, for example, often produces much more information than can be consumed in the current session. Both the decision to keep this information for later use and the steps to do so are keeping activities.

Keeping activities are also triggered when people are interrupted during a current task and look for ways of preserving the current state so that work can be quickly resumed later. People keep appointments by entering reminders into a calendar and keep good ideas or "things to pick up at the grocery store" by writing down a few cryptic lines on a loose piece of paper. People keep not only to ensure they have the information later, but also to build reminders to look for and use this information. Failure to remember to use information later is one kind of prospective memory failure. In order to avoid such a failure, people may, for example, self-e-mail a web page reference in addition to or instead of making a bookmark because the e-mail message with the reference appears in the inbox where it is more likely to be noticed and used.

The keeping decision can be characterized as a signal detection task subject to errors of two kinds: 1) an incorrect rejection ("miss") when information is ignored that later is needed and should have been kept (e.g., proof of charitable donations needed now to file a tax return) and 2) a false positive when information kept as useful (incorrectly judged as "signal") turns out not to be used later. Information kept and never used only adds to the clutter – digital and physical – in a person's life.

Keeping can be a difficult and error prone effort. Filing i.e., placing information items such as paper documents, digital documents and emails, into folders, can be especially so. To avoid, or delay filing information (e.g., until more is known concerning where the information might be used), people may opt to put information in "piles" instead. (Digital counterparts to physical piling include leaving information in the email inbox or placing digital documents and web links into a holding folder such as "stuff to look at later".) But information kept in a pile, physical or virtual, is easily forgotten as the pile fades into a background of clutter and research indicates that a typical person's ability to keep track of different piles, by location alone, is limited.

Tagging provides another alternative to filing information items into folders. A strict folder hierarchy does not readily allow for the flexible classification of information even though, in a person's mind, an information item might fit in several different categories. A number of tag-related prototypes for PIM have been developed over the years. A tagging approach has also been pursued in commercial systems, most notably Gmail (as "labels"), but the success of tags so far is mixed. Bergman et al. found that users, when provided with options to use folders or tags, preferred folders to tags and, even when using tags, they typically refrained from adding more than a single tag per information item. Civan et al., through an engagement of participants in critical, comparative observation of both tagging and the use of folders were able to elicit some limitations of tagging not previously discussed openly such as, for example, that once a person decides to use multiple tags, it is usually important to continue doing so (else the tag not applied consistently becomes ineffective as a means of retrieving a complete set of items).

Technologies may help to reduce the costs, in personal time and effort, of keeping and the likelihood of error. For example, the ability to take a digital photo of a sign, billboard announcement or the page of a paper document can obviate the task of otherwise transcribing (or photocopying) the information.

A person's ongoing use of a smartphone through the day can create a time-stamped record of events as a kind of automated keeping and especially of information "experienced by me" (see section, "The senses in which information is personal") with potential use in a person's efforts to journal or to return to information previously experienced ("I think I read the email while in the taxi on the way to the airport…"). Activity tracking technology can further enrich the record of a person's daily activity with tremendous potential use for people to enrich their understanding of their daily lives and the healthiness of their diet and their activities.

Technologies to automate the keeping of personal information segue to personal informatics and the quantified self movement, life logging, in the extreme, a 'total capture" of information. Tracking technologies raise serious issues of privacy (see "Managing privacy and the flow of information"). Additional questions arise concerning the utility and even the practical accessibility of "total capture".

Maintaining and organizing
Activities of finding and, especially, keeping can segue into activities to maintain and organize as when, for example, efforts to keep a document in the file system prompt the creation of a new folder or efforts to re-find a document highlight the need to consolidate two folders with overlapping content and purpose.

Differences between people are especially apparent in their approaches to the maintenance and organization of information. Malone distinguished between "neat" and "messy" organizations of paper documents. "Messy" people had more piles in their offices and appeared to invest less effort than "neat" people in filing information. Comparable differences have been observed in the ways people organize digital documents, emails, and web references.

Activities of keeping correlate with activities of organizing so that, for example, people with more elaborate folder structures tend to file information more often and sooner. However, people may be selective in the information forms for which they invest efforts to organize. The schoolteachers who participated in one study, for example, reported having regular "spring cleaning" habits for organization and maintenance of paper documents but no comparable habits for digital information.

Activities of organization (e.g., creating and naming folders) segue into activities of maintenance such as consolidating redundant folders, archiving information no longer in active use, and ensuring that information is properly backed up and otherwise secured. (See also section, "Managing privacy and the flow of information").

Studies of people's folder organizations for digital information indicate that these have uses going far beyond the organization of files for later retrieval. Folders are information in their own right – representing, for example, a person's evolving understanding of a project and its components. A folder hierarchy can sometimes represent an informal problem decomposition with a parent folder representing a project and subfolders representing major components of the project (e.g., "wedding reception" and "church service" for a "wedding" project).

However, people generally struggle to keep their information organized and often do not have reliable backup routines. People have trouble maintaining and organizing many distinct forms of information (e.g., digital documents, emails, and web references) and are sometimes observed to make special efforts to consolidate different information forms into a single organization.

With ever increasing stores of personal digital information, people face challenges of digital curation for which they are not prepared. At the same time, these stores offer their owners the opportunity, with the right training and tool support, for exploitation of their information in new, useful ways.

Empirical observations of PIM studies motivate prototyping efforts towards information tools to provide better support for the maintenance, organization and, going further, curation of personal information. For example, GrayArea applies the demotion principle of the user-subjective approach to allow people to move less frequently used files in any given folder to a gray area at the bottom	end of the listing of this folder. These files can still be accessed but are less visible and so less distracting of a person's attention.

The Planz prototype supports an in-context creation and integration of project-related files, emails, web references, informal notes and other forms of information into a simplified, document-like interface meant to represent the project with headings corresponding to folders in the personal file system and subheadings (for tasks, sub-projects, or other project components) corresponding to subfolders. The intention is that a single, useful organization should emerge incidentally as people focus on the planning and completion of their projects.

Managing privacy and the flow of information
People face a continual evaluation of tradeoffs in deciding what information "flows" into and out of their PSI. Each interaction poses some degree of risk to privacy and security. Letting out information to the wrong recipients can lead to identity theft. Letting in the wrong kind of information can mean that a person's devices are "infected" and the person's data is corrupted or "locked" for ransom. By some estimates, 30% or more of the computers in the United States are infected. However, the exchange of information, incoming and outgoing, is an essential part of living in the modern world. To order goods and services online, people must be prepared to "let out" their credit card information. To try out a potentially useful, new information tool, people may need to "let in" a download that could potentially make unwelcome changes to the web browser or the desktop. Providing for adequate control over the information, coming into and out of a PSI, is a major challenge. Even more challenging is the user interface to make clear the implications for various privacy choices particularly regarding Internet privacy. What, for example, are the personal information privacy implications of clicking the "Sign Up" button for use of social media services such as Facebook.

Measuring and evaluating
People seek to understand how they might improve various aspects of their PIM practices with questions such as "Do I really need to keep all this information?"; "Is this tool (application, applet, device) worth the troubles (time, frustration) of its use?" and, perhaps most persistent, "Where did the day go? Where has the time gone? What did I accomplish?". These last questions may often be voiced in reflection, perhaps on the commute home from work at the end of the workday. But there is increasing reason to expect that answers will be based on more than remembrance and reflection. Increasingly data incidentally, automatically captured over the course of a person's day and the person's interactions with various information tools to work with various forms of information (files, emails, texts, pictures, etc.) can be brought to bear in evaluations of a person's PIM practice and the identification of possible ways to improve.

Making sense of and using information
Efforts to make sense of information represent another set of meta-level activity that operate on personal information and the mapping between information and need. People must often assemble and analyze a larger collection of information to decide what to do next. "Which job applicant is most likely to work best for us?", "Which retirement plan to choose?", "What should we pack for our trip?". These and many other decisions are generally based not on a single information item but on a collection of information items – documents, emails (e.g., with advice or impressions from friends and colleagues), web references, etc. Making sense of information is "meta" not only for its broader focus on information collections but also because it permeates most PIM activity even when the primary purpose may ostensibly be something else. For example, as people organize information into folders, ostensibly to ensure its subsequent retrieval, people may also be making sense and coming to a deeper understanding of this information.

Personality, mood, and emotion
Personality and mood can impact a person's practice of PIM and, in turn, a person's emotions can be impacted by the person's practice of PIM.

In particular, personality traits (e.g., "conscientiousness" or "neuroticism") have, in certain circumstances, been shown to correlate with the extent to which a person keeps and organizes information into a personal archive such as a personal filing system. However, another recent study found personality traits were not correlated with any aspects of personal filing systems, suggesting that PIM practices are influenced less by personality than by external factors such as the operating system used (i.e. Mac OS or Windows), which were seen to be much more predictive.

Aside from the correlation between practices of PIM and more enduring personality traits, there is evidence to indicate that a person's (more changeable) mood impacts activities of PIM so that, for example, a person experiencing negative moods, when organizing personal information, is more likely to create a structure with more folders where folders, on average, contain fewer files.

Conversely, the information a person keeps or routinely encounters (e.g., via social media), can profoundly impact a person's mood. Even as explorations continue into the potential for the automatic, incidental capture of information (see section Keeping) there is growing awareness for the need to design for forgetting as well as for remembrance as, for example, when a person realizes the need to dispose of digital belongings in the aftermath of a romantic breakup or the death of a loved one.

Beyond the negative feelings induced by information associated with a failed relationship, people experience negative feelings about their PIM practices, per se. People are shown in general to experience anxiety and dissatisfaction with respect to their personal information archives including both concerns of possible loss of the information and also express concerns about their ability and effectiveness in managing and organizing their information.

The management of personal health information
Traditional, personal health information resides in various information systems in healthcare institutions (e.g., clinics, hospitals, insurance providers), often in the form of medical records. People often have difficulty managing or even navigating a variety of paper or electronic medical records across multiple health services in different specializations and institutions. Also referred to as personal health records, this type of personal health information usually requires people (i.e., patients) to engage in additional PIM finding activities to locate and gain access to health information and then to generate a comprehensible summary for their own use.

With the rise of consumer-facing health products including activity trackers and health-related mobile apps, people are able to access new types of personal health data (e.g., physical activity, heart rate) outside healthcare institutions. PIM behavior also changes. Much of the effort to keep information is automated. But people may experience difficulties making sense of a using the information later, e.g., to plan future physical activities based on activity tracker data. People are also frequently engaged in other meta-level activities, such as maintaining and organizing (e.g., syncing data across different health-related mobile apps).

Methods and methodologies of PIM study and tool design
The purpose of PIM study is both descriptive and prescriptive. PIM research seeks to understand what people do now and the problems they encounter i.e., in the management of information and the use of information tools. This understanding is useful on its own but should also have application to understand what might be done in techniques, training and, especially, tool design to improve a person's practice of PIM.

The nature of PIM makes its study challenging. The techniques and preferred methods of a person's PIM practice can vary considerably with information form (e.g., files vs. emails) and over time. The operating system and the default file manager are also shown to impact PIM practices especially in the management of files. A person's practice is also observed to vary in significant ways with gender, age and current life circumstances. Certainly, differences among people on different sides of the so-called "digital divide" will have profound impact on PIM practices. And, as noted in section "Personality and mood", personality traits and even a person's current mood can impact PIM behavior.

For research results to generalize, or else to be properly qualified, PIM research, at least in aggregate, should include the study of people, with a diversity of backgrounds and needs, over time as they work in many different situations, with different forms of information and different tools of information management.

At the same time, PIM research, at least in initial exploratory phases, must often be done in situ (e.g., in a person's workplace or office or at least where people have access to their laptops, smartphones and other devices of information management) so that people can be observed as they manage information that is "personal" to them (see section "The senses in which information is personal"). Exploratory methods are demanding in the time of both observer and participant and can also be intrusive for the participants. Consequently, the number and nature of participants is likely to be limited i.e., participants may often be people "close at hand" to the observer as family, friends, colleagues or other members of the observer's community.

For example, the guided tour, in which the participant is asked to give an interviewer a "tour" of the participant's various information collections (e.g., files, emails, Web bookmarks, digital photographs, paper documents, etc.), has proven a very useful, but expensive method of study with results bound by caveats reflecting the typically small number and narrow sampling of participants.

The guided tour method is one of several methods that are excellent for exploratory work but expensive and impractical to do with a larger, more diverse sampling of people. Other exploratory methods include the use of think aloud protocols collected, for example, as a participant completes a keeping or finding task, and the experience sampling method wherein participants report on their PIM actions and experiences over time possibly as prompted (e.g., by a beep or a text on a smartphone).

A challenge is to combine, within or across studies, time-consuming (and often demographically biased) methods of exploratory observation with other methods that have broader, more economical reach. The exploratory methods bring out interesting patterns; the follow-on methods add in numbers and diversity of participants. Among these methods are:
 * Surveys that can potentially reach a large and diverse audience.
 * The automated gathering of data on collections in a PSI e.g., for a personal file system to measure number of folders, depth, and average number of files per folder.
 * The increasing use of activity tracking technology and the nearly round-the-clock use of smartphones creates new opportunities to gather PIM-relevant data with minimal time and trouble (but, of course, with participant permission).

Another method using the Delphi technique for achieving consensus has been used to leverage the expertise and experience of PIM researchers as means of extending, indirectly, the number and diversity of PIM practices represented.

The purview of PIM tool design applies to virtually any tool people use to work with their information including "sticky notes" and hanging folders for paper-based information to a wide range of computer-based applications for the management of digital information, ranging from applications people use every day such as Web browsers, email applications and texting applications to personal information managers.

With respect to methods for the evaluation of alternatives in PIM tools design, PIM researchers again face an "in situ" challenge. How to evaluate an alternative, as nearly as possible, in the working context of a person's PSI? One "let it lie" approach would provide for interfaces between the tool under evaluation and a participant's PSI so that the tool can work with a participant's other tools and the participant's personal information (as opposed to working in a separate environment with "test" data). Dropbox and other file hosting services exemplify this approach: Users can continue to work with their files and folders locally on their computers through the file manager even as an installed applet works to seamlessly synchronize the users files and folders with a Web store for the added benefits of a backup and options to synchronize this information with other devices and share this information with other users.

As what is better described as a methodology of tool design rather than a method, Bergman reports good success in the application of a user-subjective approach. The user-subjective approach advances three design principles. In brief, the design should allow the following: 1) all project-related items no matter their form (or format) are to be organized together (the subjective project classification principle); 2) the importance of information (to the user) should determine its visual salience and accessibility (the subjective importance principle); and 3) information should be retrieved and used by the user in the same context as it was previously used in (the subjective context principle). The approach may suggest design principles that serve not only in evaluating and improving existing systems but also in creating new implementations. For example, according to the demotion principle, information items of lower subjective importance should be demoted (i.e., by making them less visible) so as not to distract the user but be kept within their original context just in case they are needed. The principle has been applied in the creation of several interesting prototypes.

Finally, a simple "checklist" methodology of tool design", follows from an assessment of a proposed tool design with respect to each of the six senses in which information can be personal (see section "The senses in which information is personal") and each of the six activities of PIM (finding, keeping and the four meta-level activities, see section "Activities of PIM"). A tool that is good with respect to one kind of personal information or one PIM activity, may be bad with respect to another. For example, a new smartphone app that promises to deliver information potentially "relevant to me" (the "6th sense" in which information is personal) may do so only at the cost of a distracting increase in the information "directed to me" and by keeping too much personal information "about me" in a place not under the person's control.

Related activities and areas
PIM is a practical meeting ground for many disciplines including cognitive psychology, cognitive science, human-computer interaction (HCI), human information interaction (HII), library and information science (LIS), artificial intelligence (AI), information retrieval, information behavior, organizational information management, and information science.

Cognitive psychology and cognitive science
Cognitive psychology, as the study of how people learn and remember, problem solve, and make decisions, necessarily also includes the study of how people make smart use of available information. The related field of cognitive science, in its efforts to apply these questions more broadly to the study and simulation of intelligent behavior, is also related to PIM. (Cognitive science, in turn, has significant overlap with the field of artificial intelligence).

There is great potential for a mutually beneficial interplay between cognitive science and PIM. Sub-areas of cognitive science of clear relevance to PIM include problem solving and decision making. For example, folders created to hold information for a big project such as "plan my wedding" may sometimes resemble a problem-decomposition. To take another example, the signal detection task has long been used to frame and explain human behavior and has recently been used as a basis for analyzing our choices concerning what information to keep and how – a key activity of PIM. Similarly, there is interplay between the psychological study of categorization and concept formation and the PIM study of how people use tags and folders to describe and organize their information.

Now large portions of a document may be the product of "copy-and-paste" operations (from our previous writings) rather than a product of original writing. Certainly, management of text pieces pasted for re-use is a PIM activity, and this raises several interesting questions. How do we go about deciding when to re-use and when to write from scratch? We may sometimes spend more time chasing down a paragraph we have previously written than it would have taken to simply write a new paragraph expressing the same thoughts. Beyond this, we can wonder at what point a reliance on an increasing (and increasingly available) supply of previously written material begins to impact our creativity.

As people do PIM they work in an external environment that includes other people, available technology, and, often, an organizational setting. This means that situated cognition, distributed cognition, and social cognition all relate to the study of PIM.

Human–computer and human–information interaction
The study of PIM is also related to the field of human–computer interaction (HCI). Some of the more influential papers on PIM over the years have been published in HCI journals and conference proceedings. However, the "I" in PIM is for information – in various forms, paper-based and digital (e.g., books, digital documents, emails and, even, the letter magnets on a refrigerator in the kitchen). The "I" in HCI stands for "interaction" as this relates to the "C" – computers. (An argument has been advanced that HCI should be focused more on information rather than computers. )

Group information management
Group information management (GIM, usually pronounced with a soft "G") has been written about elsewhere in the context of PIM. The study of GIM, in turn, has clear relevance to the study of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). GIM is to CSCW as PIM is to HCI. Just as concerns of PIM substantially overlap with but are not fully subsumed by concerns of HCI (nor vice versa), concerns of GIM overlap with but are not subsumed by concerns of CSCW. Information in support of GIM activities can be in non-digital forms such as paper calendars and bulletin boards that don't involve computers.

Group and social considerations frequently enter into a person's PIM strategy. For example, one member of a household may agree to manage medical information for everyone in the household (e.g., shot records) while another member of the household manages financial information for the household. But the collaborative organization and sharing of information is often difficult because, for example, the people working together in a group may have many different perspectives on how best to organize information.

In larger organizational settings, the GIM goals of the organization may conflict with the PIM goals of individuals working within the organization, where the goals of different individuals may also conflict. Individuals may, for example, keep copies of secure documents on their private laptops for the sake of convenience even though doing so violates group (organizational) security. Given drawbacks—real or perceived—in the use of web services that support a shared use of folders,  people working in a group may opt to share information instead through the use of e-mail attachments.

Data, information, and knowledge management
Concerns of data management relate to PIM especially with respect to the safe, secure, long-term preservation of personal information in digital form. The study of information management and knowledge management in organizations also relates to the study of PIM and issues seen first at an organizational level often migrate to the PIM domain.

Concerns of knowledge management on a personal (vs. organizational) level have given rise to arguments for a field of personal knowledge management (PKM). However, knowledge is not a "thing" to be managed directly but rather indirectly e.g., through items of information such as Web pages, emails and paper documents. PKM is best regarded as a useful subset of PIM  with special focus on important issues that might otherwise be overlooked such as self-directed efforts of knowledge elicitation ("What do I know? What have I learned?") and knowledge instillation ("how better to learn what it is I want to know?")

Time and task management
Both time management and task management on a personal level make heavy use of information tools and external forms of information such as to-do lists, calendars, timelines, and email exchange. These are another form of information to be managed. Over the years, email, in particular, has been used in an ad hoc manner in support of task management.

Personal network management
Much of the useful information a person receives comes, often unprompted, through a person's network of family, friends and colleagues. People reciprocate and much of the information a person sends to others reflects an attempt to build relationships and influence the behavior of others. As such, personal network management  (PNM) is a crucial aspect of PIM and can be understood as the practice of managing the links and connections to other people for social and professional benefits.

Reviews of PIM

 * Jones, W, Dinneen, J. D., Capra, R., Diekema, A. R., & Pérez-Quiñones, M. A. (2017). Personal Information Management. In M. Levine-Clark and J. McDonald (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science (4th ed.). Taylor & Francis.
 * Whittaker, S. (2011). Personal information management: From Consumption to Curation. In B. Cronin (Ed.), "Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST), 45". Medford, NJ: Information Today.
 * Jones, W. (2007). Personal information management. In B. Cronin (Ed.), Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST), 41. Medford, NJ: Information Today.
 * Teevan, J., Jones, W. & Bederson, B. (2006) SPECIAL ISSUE: Personal information management. In Commun. ACM, 49(1).
 * Lansdale, M.W. (1988). The psychology of personal information management. Applied Ergonomics, 19(1), pp. 55–66.

Books on PIM

 * Bergman, O. & Whittaker, S. (2016). The Science of Managing Our Digital Stuff. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
 * Jones, W. (2015). Building a Better World with our Information: The Future of Personal Information Management, Part 3. San Rafael, Calif.: Morgan & Claypool Publishers..
 * Jones, W. (2012). The Future of Personal Information Management, Part 1: Our Information, Always and Forever. San Rafael, Calif.: Morgan & Claypool Publishers..
 * Jones, W. (2013). Transforming Technologies to Manage Our Information: The Future of Personal Information Management, Part 2. San Rafael, Calif.: Morgan & Claypool Publishers..
 * Jones, W. (2008). Keeping found things found: the study and practice of personal information management. Amsterdam / Boston: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. ISBN 978-0-12-370866-3..

Selected PIM workshops

 * Bergman, O., Boardman, R., Gwizdka, J., & Jones, W. (2004). Personal Information Management: A CHI SIG. CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1598–1599.
 * The PIM Workshop: An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop on Personal Information Management, January 27-29, 2005, Seattle, Washington.
 * PIM 2006 Workshop, in conjunction with SIGIR 2006. August 10-11, 2006, Seattle, Washington
 * PIM 2008 Workshop in conjunction with SIGCHI 2008, April 2008, in Florence, Italy
 * Personal Information Management: PIM 2009 Workshop, in conjunction with ASIS&T 2009. November 7-8, 2009, Vancouver, BC, Canada
 * PIM 2013 Workshop in conjunction with ASIST 2013 in Montreal, Canada
 * For Richer, for Poorer, in Sickness or in Health...: The Long-Term Management of Personal Information. PIM 2016 Workshop, in conjunction with the 2016 CHI Conference.

Other resources

 * Who's working on Personal Information Management? Authored by Richard Boardman, Imperial College London (July 2003)
 * A list of personal document management software
 * A list of personal document management software

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Definition as City
Arkansas defines an incorporated place with a population over 500 as a city. See US Census documentation | here GabberFlasted (talk) 17:32, 10 August 2022 (UTC)

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Marcus Monk needs to mentioned on the lepanto page, he is a highly ranked reciver for the razorbacks that was predicted to go in the 2nd round last year into the nfl but stayed another year. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Vitaminc09 (talk • contribs) 12:28, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

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Content by Captain Video Ralph
I've moved this content to the subpage Marked Tree, Arkansas/CVRsEdit so it can be Wikified and merged with the main page. akuyumeTC 07:04, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

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Will "BigTymer" Johnson
Why do y'all keep deleting him? I think he definitely qualifies as a notable person as a former world record holder and one of the earliest members of OpTic Gaming.KidJacky (talk) 20:25, 9 May 2019 (UTC)
 * He very well may be notable, I don't know. Here's what you do...Read WP:N first. Then read WP:LISTBIO. I'd suggest a stop at WP:WTAF. There's more, but that should get you what you really need to know. Then when you're ready, add him to the article, see WP:CITE for how to add a citation to a reliable source that will let other editors know he belongs on the list. Hope this helps! Jacona (talk) 21:42, 9 May 2019 (UTC)

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Talk:Trumann, Arkansas

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Clap capital of the United States?
I notice the section about Trumann once having the highest per capita ranking of venereal disease in the U.S. has been deleted. Was that just an urban legend, or has it lost this dubious honor since? --The_Iconoclast (talk) 11:56, 11 December 2012 (UTC)

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Talk:Mena, Arkansas

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Mena Yu-Gi-Oh! Tournament
You told me to take it to the talk section so here I am making a discussion as to why several retards are not letting us post about it. It is our town. The tournament was a big thing to ALOT of people here because this town is mainly just a retirement community. Up until the tournament was started, there was nothing for kids and teenagers to do.

So seeing as how it is OUR town and this is an Encyclopedia, which might I add, give information on places as well as people and geographical locations. We should be able to say anything about our town on here, to allow other people to know about it. We are not advertising the tournament. It has been shut down for a year and a half now. We just want to leave a little something about our town on here. Though, because of a few people that have proved everyday now that they have no life, we have had to keep adding it back on daily. I don't see why we can't put something like this on here. Especially since you have the gay crap about the "Clinton Scandal". Noone cares about that shit anymore. If you haven't noticed, IT'S NOT THE 90S ANYMORE. We have a new president and before long, we will have another. Then guess what? We will have another. It's old news. Besides I don't really like it associated with my state, but have I removed it? No.

That's my 2 cents.....

 * Making personal attacks such as calling those who disagree with you "retards" won't help you in the debate. *Dan T.* 04:02, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * And I erased it. Get a MySpace page. JChap2007 17:14, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Do you realize, it was there for nearly 3 weeks... Before you guys decided you have a quota or something to reach, and removed it?! Thats what makes me mad... It was there, perfectly fine.. Then people shorten it.. If I was told to shorten it, I would have MYSELF... Then, its removed completely..... You guys have no reason to do what you do... I mean, think about it.. If you come to Mena, Arkansas... And ask what is there for kids to do... They say... "Hmm... Nothing much except this Yu-Gi-Oh! Tournament every week or so... Does your kid like that?"........ You come to this town & ask who runs it, everyone knows our names... We've had the Mayors kids come... Teachers kids come.... We're the most well known people from this town since Lum & Abner(If your to ignorant to know who they are since you don't live here.. LOOK IT UP)...

All you people on here care about is getting your "Contributions" count up... Thats why I don't change this page while signed in most of the time(Until you decided to block me from editing un-signed in..)... I don't care about my contributions.... I just wanted the most well known thing in Mena, Arkansas... LISTED.. On a page.. That happens to be.. ABOUT MENA, ARKANSAS... Its not like I went to RANDOM pages & threw it up... No......... I didn't go to the Arkansas page.. AND THROW IT UP... NO.......... I went to MENA... ARKANSAS... And put it up....

Plain & simple.. Thats all I have to say about it.. 63.215.28.84 21:09, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd like to point out that despite verbal abuse on the talkpage and in your edit summaries, more than one editor attempted to include some appropriate version of the material you had included in the article. While it is arguably worth a minor mention to include a local weekly tournament, it certainly wouldn't justify more than a passing reference. Remember that wikipedia articles are read by people from countries all over the world; how much information does an Australian reader actually need about the tounament? The purpose of these articles is not to promote a place or event, simply to provide useful information about it. The quantity of info included must be related to it's overall applicability. As an FYI, one of the keys to success in WP is being able to work with other editors, to produce the best articles possible. Doc  Tropics  21:23, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Alright... Your right... You tried to minimize it, and we weren't exactly happy about that.. And just when I was about to edit it & shorten it myself(To a version, that, no offense... DIDN'T SOUND STUPID)... And when I open the page, I see that EVERYTHING had been removed by 3 different people.. Like you weren't happy with tearing the section apart.. You had to rip everything up... THAT, is what pissed me off!!!!!!! And so, we got into a "revert" war... And then my friend Justin(Kay) got involved... And yada yada....

 * Now, I am not exactly sure what a person from Australia would be doing on a page about a town in Arkansas hardly ANYONE has heard of... BUT, news flash.. Yu-Gi-Oh! is pretty big all over the world.. LOL

 * I'm willing to compromise.. However, I doubt it'll happen... But, worth a shot... Nicholas Worth 23:39, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for coming to the talkpage and being willing to compromise, that's certainly the best way to work. Here's a suggestion: Why don't you post the content that you want to add, in a new section here on the talkpage. That way, everyone can work together to polish it and avoid the revert wars. I'll start a new header below this comment, and you can drop it in when you're ready. Just remember the all-important disclaimer: "If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly or redistributed by others, do not submit it." (copied directly from the edit screen). Thanks again for being willing to talk. Doc  Tropics  23:47, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

(edit conflict) As a start, in order to show that this tournament should be covered here, you should demonstrate that the tournament has been covered in reliable sources. If it has not been written about in a non-trivial way in, say, the town newspaper, it shouldn't be in the article. Has it been featured in a newspaper article? I recommend that you look around WP:Five Pillars and try to make a case for inclusion on the basis of what you find there. Frankly, I'm skeptical that a local tournament held in a restaurant would meet the standards for inclusion, but I'm ready to be convinced. If you want something included, the burden is on you to show that it should be here. Honestly, though, you're not going to get anywhere (other than booted out the door) with personal insults. JChap2007 23:49, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Alrighty.. I'll get to work on that......... Its been in news paper articles.. We made front page news last december... The Charity Event we're working on right now has people from as far as Oklahoma, Texarkanna, and Little Rock planning to attend... Its been on the radio... You name it.. I'll get to work on that A.S.A.P. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Xow2k3 (talk • contribs)
 * Excellent. Although given the "we" in that statement, you should know that writing about oneself or one's organization is frowned upon as a pretty major faux pas.  See WP:AUTO and WP:COI for more details.  Nevertheless, I am certain that neutral, third-party editors would be willing to help you get the material on here, if it should be included. JChap2007 00:33, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Exactly JChap2007. Believe me, once the info has been vetted on this page, it will be much harder for anyone to delete it again. Well-written, well-sourced material is kind of sacrosanct in an encyclopedia project. Doc  Tropics  05:01, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
 * The "We" part.. Was because I'm speaking for the Tournament, as a whole... "We at the Mena Yu-Gi-Oh! Tournament..." Get it? LOL.. I'll get to work on it first thing in the morning.. I'm dead tired now... Hope we can work something out... 63.215.28.84 06:29, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Not to bring up a dead issue, but i'd like to point out for future reference that any content on the wikipedia site doesn't belong to the person it's about. You can't just edit an encyclopedia to contain whatever you'd like, consider that the same with wikipedia. Content on the wikipedia site is property of wikipedia and can be changed at any time, regardless of what one user feels is correct or not. If Mena so desires that control over their article, I'm sure they could put their own wiki online, they take like five seconds to install. So long as the idiots in City Hall don't buy from MCS or any of the other companies in town selling webhosting for hundreds of dollars per month for a few megabytes of space. Jm2Cw !~!x2c!~! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.228.83.182 (talk) 04:13, 16 May 2010 (UTC)

Section on Clinton
I significantly reworked the section on the Clinton allegations per WP:NPOV. JChap2007 17:14, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

==

farming
''' == Framing takes up a lot of time for mena citizens. wether it is a garden or a farm consiting of chickens goats and two gardens on two acres. There are quite a large number of people who farm in mena arkansas. Mena is more of a rural town. some young adults even have chickens and goats in the town. it seems like farming is getting to kids who are just starting high school. the acorn high school has a very good agri teacher. the kids are getting introduced to agricultural in a good way. so all in all farming is widespread in mena and polk county wether it be a begginner or a family tradition == .'''

Recent Modifications
I have attempted to clean up the article the best I can, Please add some more detail to this article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.48.248.240 (talk) 03:51, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

Vandalism
Please do not vandalize this article. Your IP is being recorded and any further issue will be forwarded to your ISP.

12.228.76.176 = Allegiance Communications

 * HAHAHA nice bluff. WP admins can do nothing more than block an IP. And a quick iprenew or router reset can defeat that. I'm not the person you're talking to, I haven't vandalized anything and am not even sure how I ended up reading this talk page when I started out reading about Project Plowshare 6 hours ago. I do that sometimes, start reading an article on WP and open interesting links in background tabs and hours later I have 35 tabs open and am learning about things I never knew I cared about. But I just had to laugh at the big bluff I saw here. Sorry. Carry on. -TheoPigDog (talk) 04:47, 4 June 2010 (UTC)

 * It's kindof sad that Allegiance Communications only issues out of one /24 IP range in the Mena area.... I'm the guy from above and it was not a "bluff." Allegiance takes spam seriously and if you re-read what I said, I told him/her that further issues would be forwarded to his/her ISP. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.228.76.156 (talk) 03:30, 7 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Oh, And also, Allegiance Communications utilizes "Sticky" IP technology, meaning resetting your modem/router a million times may only reset your IP one or two times.... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.228.83.132 (talk) 03:13, 11 September 2010 (UTC)

Blacklisted Links Found on the Main Page
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ia tenairport a I dodnt driv anmore am coming for visit hopefully in fall m interesred in finding out about what public transportation need to know how to get around told there is a bus depot is that public transit in city or just  going in/out of city ??????? thank you please mail info mary r badtke 1794 western ave  19  GREEN BAY WIS  54303   0R EMAIL AT marybadtke@yahoo.com     thank you already have  some brochures  sent  have friends that liver in cit5y. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2605:A000:A400:5F00:7CD4:5484:C285:93F3 (talk) 20:39, 24 April 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mena, Arkansas


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Talk:Vandervoort, Arkansas

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title: Talk:Vandervoort, Arkansas


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Talk:Wickes, Arkansas

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Talk:Atkins, Arkansas

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2010 Census info
Somebody should really consider updating the census information. --173.218.170.74 (talk) 14:41, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Atkins, Arkansas


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Talk:Dover, Arkansas

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Minor Edit to a year
The year that Ronald Gene Simmons murdered his family was changed from 1996 to 1987

Ronald Gene Simmons merely had a "Dover" Address but did not live within the corporate city limits of Dover nor did he kill anyone within the corporate city limits of Dover. He actually lived at a small unincorporated community north of Dover known as Pleasant Grove, which is approximately six miles North of the City of Dover. At his home in Pleasant Grove is where he murdered his family. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.29.150.17 (talk) 21:53, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

First Baptist Church
I just wanted to say I thank you deeply from my heart God has surely blessed you with your wonderful church, and Pastor, and all the congregation. For the wonderful service of Paul Boone (my brother) it has appeared to me that you so welcomed him in your church threw out the years. I am very glad he had found your church and people and also guidance to the lord Jesus Christ. I so enjoyed your church the cleanliness and the friendliness of the congregation. For a sad ending for Pauls life I got to say you done a wonderful job in the service and friendliness, that if I ever made it back to your town I would surely offer directions to any one looking for a Beautiful and wonderful message of our Lord and Savior Jesus!!! Your brother in Christ Kenneth Boone — Preceding unsigned comment added by Happyjoyousfree (talk • contribs) 03:52, 13 March 2013 (UTC)

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Talk:Hector, Arkansas

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Talk:London, Arkansas

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title: Talk:London, Arkansas


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Talk:Pottsville, Arkansas

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Vandals
The article had been heavily vandalized, mostly childish damage. If I killed anyone's real edit, I apologize. I checked each edit, and all seemed to be either vandal-fighters or vandals. I rolled back to the coordinate change bot edit. sinneed (talk) 23:55, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pottsville, Arkansas


text:
Talk:Russellville, Arkansas

=Pharaoh?=

Untitled
Why is the government section on the chart listing an unknown man as the Pharaoh? Should be removed. Sirkevinalot (talk) 01:31, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

That unknown man is the Mayor, Tyrone. But there is a man in the town by the name of Ranzy Carmichael who is the town's self-proclaimed Pharaoh, and his group of friends are called the valley gods of the Arkansas River Valley. Maybe it was one of them? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.54.69.2 (talk) 06:21, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

Ranzy is the Pharaoh.. he's the best Valley God of them all! LOL.. but seriously why is this on here?--99.188.80.114 (talk) 00:10, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

Um guys, this is supposed to be an encyclopedia and there is no official rank in the US Government known as Pharaoh. Whoever this Ranzy Carmichael is, Pharaoh is probably just a nickname he goes by. --173.218.170.74 (talk) 14:59, 1 October 2010 (UTC)

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Artists?
The city seems to be the region's artistic center, perhaps it would be logical to include info about some of the local musicians and artists? --99.16.9.226 (talk) 09:13, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

It is a center of the arts, the town itself does a lot to promote them, they not only host the montly art walk, but they host a variety of music shows, poetry slams, and comedy routines. The local high school also has a dedicated fine-arts faculty and it's college is also boasts great accommodations for artists. --99.188.80.114 (talk) 03:30, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

Error In Size of City in First Paragraph
Which reads "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 26.0 square miles (67.2 km²), of which, 4605 square miles (67.2 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.08%) is water.[citation needed] It is located on the Arkansas River."

4605 square miles in a 26 square mile city are land.

Ottojas (talk) 19:01, 4 June 2011 (UTC)

Elevation
Besides observing this to be a lame edit war subject, I'd like to offer the following. 403 feet. Opinions?  Tide  rolls  05:52, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
 * The topographical maps show the airport to be further from Lake Dardanelle, and slightly higher elevation. The city's official site shows an elevation of 348ft . --- Barek (talk • contribs) - 07:12, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Although the "Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture" shows an elevation of 354ft . The only one that provides a specific location is the airport - ther other two sources could be a specific site (possibly a city hall), or an average for the overall city.  Without methodology info, it's impossible to tell. --- Barek (talk • contribs) - 07:16, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I saw the airporrt was over a mile from Russellville, but that was the first source I found. Until we have a more definitive metric, I'm willing to accept the Enc of Arkansas.  Tide  rolls  07:24, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I was searching the GNIS data at USGS.gov; it looks like the 354ft reading ties to both the post office and to the fire station. Those are fine by me; although the readings for cite named "City of Russellville" is 364ft, and the reading for populated place "Russellville" is 348ft.
 * In all honesty, I'm fine with any of these being used - as long as the source of the used value is included as a ref. Since the Enc of Arkansas links to the Post Office reading, I would support using both of those refs and that elevation. --- Barek (talk • contribs) - 07:44, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't want to edit through the protection, so I'll wait for more comments (I doubt there'll be substantial discussion, though). If you want to make the change, there shouldn't be any objection.  Kudos for the excellent research...seriously, you've shown me some useful "go to's" :)  Tide  rolls  07:57, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I have no link to the city; I saw a mention of the reverts on a user talk page, and started searching for refs as a mental exercise to see what would turn up. I'll wait for the page protection to expire before updating the infobox; it'll allow time for further comments - someone may have a reason to support one of the other location readings. --- Barek (talk • contribs) - 08:06, 3 December 2012 (UTC)

Mosque?
Can someone please make an entry for the Islamic Center of Russellville, Russellville's first mosque? 2601:2C7:780:8546:20F1:FF8D:21C2:A799 (talk) 21:13, 25 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Russellville, Arkansas


text:
Talk:DeValls Bluff, Arkansas

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De Valls Bluff vs DeValls Bluff
I was under the impression that this city is named "DeValls Bluff", and the only place I see it spelled as three words is on here. The US Census, state of Arkansas, town water tower, USPS, signs in town, and Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture all think it is "DeValls Bluff". This also makes sense since it is named for Jacob M. DeVall. Could someone please let me know if there are specific sources/reasons for the current naming, or else I propose a move to DeValls Bluff, Arkansas.  Brandonrush   Woo pig sooie!  03:08, 9 January 2014 (UTC)
 * I checked several of my (paper) road atlases and they all show "De Valls" with a space, so that may be the source of the problem.
 * Checking Google Street View, this sign at the entrance to town doesn't have a space. On the other hand my check of this "USPS site" shows a space while the real USPS indicates either is acceptable. We'll go with how the locals spell it, but I'm inclined to mark the redirect De Valls Bluff as a valid R from alternative spelling rather than a flat-out misspelling. – wbm1058 (talk) 14:15, 24 March 2017 (UTC)

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Talk:Des Arc, Arkansas

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Talk:Fredonia (Biscoe), Arkansas

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Talk:Hazen, Arkansas

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Talk:Ulm, Arkansas

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Talk:Alexander, Arkansas

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Talk:Cammack Village, Arkansas

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Old Jefferson ES boundary map
I found: https://web.archive.org/web/20060626010023/http://www.lrsd.org/zones/maps/jefferson.pdf WhisperToMe (talk) 10:22, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cammack Village, Arkansas


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Talk:College Station, Arkansas

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title: Talk:College Station, Arkansas