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Hoddesdon

Hoddesdon  is a town in the Borough of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, lying entirely within the London Metropolitan Area and Greater London Urban Area. The area is on the River Lea and the Lee Navigation along with the New River.

Hoddesdon is the second most populated town in Broxbourne with a population of 42,253 according to the United Kingdom's 2011 census.

It borders Ware to the north, Nazeing in Essex to the east, and Broxbourne to the south. The Prime Meridian passes just to the east of Hoddesdon. The town is served by Rye House railway station and nearby Broxbourne railway station.

Early history
The name "Hoddesdon" is believed to be derived from a Saxon or Danish personal name combined with the Old English suffix "don", meaning a down or hill. The earliest historical reference to the name is in the Domesday Book within the hundred of Hertford.

Hoddesdon was situated about 20 mi north of London on the main road to Cambridge and to the north. The road forked in the centre of the town, with the present High Street dividing into Amwell Street and Burford Street, both leading north to Ware. From an early date there were a large number of inns lining the streets to serve the needs of travellers. A market charter was granted to Robert Boxe, lord of the manor, in 1253. By the 14th century the Hospital of St Laud and St Anthony had been established in the south of Hoddesdon. The institution survived the dissolution of the monasteries, but had ceased to exist by the mid 16th century, although it is commemorated in the name of Spital Brook which divides Hoddesdon from Broxbourne.

In 1336 William de la Marche was licensed to build a chapel of ease in the town. The building, known as St Katharine's Chapel, was used by pilgrims to the shrine at Walsingham. It survived until the 17th century, when it was demolished. In 1835, a single-storey building, known as Hoddesdon Town Hall, was built on the site: only the clock tower now survives.

The town was considerably enlarged in the reign of Elizabeth I, and a number of inns in the High Street date from this time. The monarch granted a royal charter in 1559/60, placing the town government under a bailiff, warden and eight assistants. The charter also established a free grammar school based on the site of the former hospital, and this was placed under the care of the corporation. Neither the borough nor the school flourished, however, and both had ceased to exist by the end of the century. In 1567 Sir William Cecil acquired the manor of Hoddesdonsbury and two years later Elizabeth granted him the neighbouring manor of Baas. From that date the Cecils maintained a connection with the town which is recorded by the naming of The Salisbury Arms (anciently the Black Lion Inn) : the title Marquess of Salisbury was granted to James Cecil in 1789.

In 1622 Sir Marmaduke Rawdon built Rawdon House, a red-brick mansion which still survives. Rawdon also provided the town with its first public water supply, flowing from a statue known as the "Samaritan Woman".

In 1683 there was an alleged Whig conspiracy to assassinate or mount an insurrection against Charles II of England because of his pro-Roman Catholic policies. This plot was known as the Rye House Plot, named from Rye House at Hoddesdon, near which ran a narrow road where Charles was supposed to be killed as he travelled from a horse meeting at Newmarket. By chance, according to the official narrative, the king's unexpectedly early departure in March foiled the plot. Ten weeks later, on 1 June, an informer's allegations prompted a government investigation.

The subsequent history of Rye House has been considerably less dramatic. In 1870 the current owner, William Henry Teale, opened a pleasure garden, displaying the Great Bed of Ware, which he had recently acquired. It was such a popular destination for excursions from London that an extra station was built on the Liverpool Street to Hertford East line to serve it.

By the early 20th century, however, the tourist trade had fallen off, and Rye House was demolished, apart from the Gatehouse; the Great Bed was moved to the Victoria & Albert Museum.

Rye House Gatehouse still stands today, and is now a Grade 1 listed building. It is open to the public at weekends and bank holidays during the summer, featuring displays about the Plot and the early history of brick-building. The rest of the grass-covered site has the floor-plan of the house marked out.

A new chapel of ease, dedicated to St Paul, was built in 1732. This was subsequently enlarged, and in 1844 become the parish church when Hoddesdon was created a separate ecclesiastical parish. Previously the town had been divided between the two parishes of Broxbourne and Great Amwell. The boundary between the two parishes ran through an archway in the town's High Street. When this building was demolished in the 1960s, a specially inscribed stone was set into the pavement marking the historic boundary.

Brewing was first established in the town in about 1700. In 1803, William Christie established a brewery in the town, and it became a major employer and one of the largest breweries in England. The brewery continued in operation until 1928. Most of the brewery buildings were demolished in 1930, although part was converted into a cinema itself since demolished. Some remnants of the establishment remain in Brewery Road.

By the mid-19th century the town still consisted principally of one street, and had a population of 1,743. Malt was being produced and transported to London via the River Lea. There were also a number of flour mills. Trade in Hoddesdon was centred on the hops market each Thursday. As time went on, more and more hops were carried on the river rather than the roads and the Wednesday meat market took predominance. The Wednesday market has survived and a Friday market was added in the late 20th century.

After the Second World War
After the Second World War Hoddesdon increasingly became a dormitory town, forming part of the London commuter belt. Much of the town centre was demolished in the 1960s and 1970s, with the construction of the Tower Centre and Fawkon Walk shopping centres. The opening of a bypass in 1974 changed the nature of the town, with through traffic curtailed.

Hoddesdon has a sizeable Italian community. Many Sicilian families emigrated to the Lea Valley in the 1950s and 60s to work in the nearby garden nurseries, and they and many of their descendants still live in the area. Since the 18th century the Lea Valley has had a reputation for fine produce from its market gardens and green houses. The owners and growers of the majority of the Lea Valley's cucumber farms come primarily from two villages in Sicily: Cianciana and Mussomeli. The Lee Valley Growers Association estimates that more than 70% of the 100 or so nurseries in the Lea Valley are now owned by Sicilian descendants, producing 75% of UK-grown cucumbers and 50% of its peppers in their glasshouses.

Part of a wave of immigration to the UK after the Second World War, the Italian community has grown to become part of the fabric of the area, with migrants and their descendants still celebrating their rich Italian heritage. The Festival of San Antonio is celebrated in June with a street procession, although nowadays it is a low-key festival since many of the participants are elderly.

In 1951 Hoddesdon was the seemingly unlikely location for the eighth meeting of CIAM (Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne), referred to as CIAM 8, which was an international organization of the world's most significant architects and town planners of the time. The participants gathered in the High Leigh country house in Hoddesdon to discuss the theme "The Heart of the City", a response to issues regarding cities badly damaged during World War Two.

Recent changes
In 2007 Rye House Kart Raceway was taken over by two local family businessmen. It was recently described as the "Silverstone of Karting" by David Coulthard. The Book It Now diary based calendar system was developed here in 2013.

In 2014 JD Wetherspoon's first pub in Hoddesdon opened at the former Salisbury Arms on the High Street. During renovations at the renamed Star, a series of important 16th century wall paintings was uncovered. They are located on the north wall of the bar, with some additional detail found on one of the beams supporting the ceiling. The paintings depict half-figures and biblical verses. Roof beams dating to the mid-1400s have also been revealed, suggesting that The Star is older than previously thought.

Governance
Hoddesdon has two tiers of local government, at district (borough) and county level: Broxbourne Borough Council and Hertfordshire County Council. There has been no parish or town council for Hoddesdon since 1974.

Hoddesdon was formerly classed as a hamlet within the parish of Broxbourne. A separate ecclesiastical parish of Hoddesdon was created in 1844, but for civil purposes the town continued to straddle Broxbourne and Great Amwell parishes. The hamlet of Hoddesdon had its own overseers of the poor and from 1835 appointed its own guardians to the Ware Poor Law Union. As such, the hamlet of Hoddesdon became a civil parish on 10 August 1866 with the passing of the Poor Law Amendment Act 1866.

Hoddesdon was included in the Ware Rural Sanitary District from 1872. Under the Local Government Act 1894 rural sanitary districts were converted into rural districts, but before that Act came into force an order was made to convert Hoddesdon into an urban district. A new parish called "Hoddesdon Urban" was created from most of the old Hoddesdon parish and part of Great Amwell, whilst the sparsely populated western part of Hoddesdon became a separate parish called Hoddesdon Rural, which became part of Ware Rural District. Hoddesdon Urban District Council came into being on 31 December 1894.

On 1 April 1935 a County Review Order enlarged the urban district. The neighbouring parishes of Broxbourne, Hoddesdon Rural, and Wormley were all abolished, with most of their territory being absorbed into the parish and urban district of Hoddesdon. Parts of the parishes of Great Amwell and Stanstead Abbotts were transferred into Hoddesdon at the same time. Much of the western boundary of the urban district then coincided with the track of the Roman Ermine Street.

In its early years, Hoddesdon Urban District Council met at the Coffee Tavern Hall on Lord Street. In 1936 the council built itself a new building called Council Offices at the southern end of the High Street. The Council Offices were formally opened on 21 December 1936, and remained the headquarters of the council until its abolition.

Hoddesdon Urban District was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, merging with Cheshunt Urban District on 1 April 1974 to become the Borough of Broxbourne. No successor parish was created for the town. The former offices of Hoddesdon Urban District Council were converted to residential use in 1988 and renamed Belvedere Court.

Education

 * The John Warner School is a community, foundation comprehensive for 11- to 18-year-olds.
 * Sheredes School served the area from 1969. In 2012 Sheredes received the artsmark gold award in recognition of the outstanding work in the arts and was one of only a handful of schools nationally to have been awarded this for a fourth time. In 2016 Sheredes became Robert Barclay Academy, a comprehensive school for 11- to 18-year-olds. John Warner has specialist status in science and sport and Sheredes was well regarded in the arts.

In 2007 the John Warner School received congratulations from Mr Jim Knight, Minister of State for Education for being placed 24th in the '100 most improved schools in the country'. This award is a combination of eight years continuous improvement in examination results.

Sport and leisure
As well as the array of shops in and around Hoddesdon, there are a number of leisure activities in the local area, including a gym in the town centre and the John Warner sports centre, a leisure centre on the outskirts of the town containing a swimming pool and children's activity centre. There is also a Non-League football club Hoddesdon Town F.C., which plays at Lowfield, and a large go-kart track located in nearby Rye park. Around a mile north of the town is Rye House Stadium, home until recently of the Rye House Rockets speedway team.

Media
The town is within the BBC London and ITV London region. Television signals are received from the Crystal Palace TV transmitter Local radio stations are BBC Three Counties Radio, Heart Hertfordshire and Mix 92.6. The town is served by the local newspaper, Hoddesdon & Broxbourne Mercury which is published by the Hertfordshire Mercury.

Railway services
The nearest railway stations are Broxbourne Station and Rye House Station which offer frequent services to London.

Roads

Hoddesdon contains a small part of Ringway 4, part of the 1960s London Ringways scheme and the only part built north of London further east than Watford.

Linking the town to the A10, the A1170 Dinant Link Road has an overly large junction between the link road and the A10, and was built with space available to continue the road westward over the A10 as originally planned.

Notable people

 * Harriet Auber (1773–1862), poet, hymnist
 * Arthur James Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour (1848–1930), Conservative politician and prime minister of the United Kingdom 1902 – 1905. Attended the Grange Preparatory School, Hoddesdon.
 * Francis Maitland Balfour (1851–1882), comparative embryologist and morphologist, younger brother of the above, also attended Grange School.
 * William Ellis (1794–1872), missionary and author. Lived in the town from 1844, and served as a minister to an Independent congregation. Died at his residence on 9 June 1872.
 * William Christie Gosse (1842–1881), explorer and surveyor, was born in Hoddesdon, emigrated to Australia in 1850. In 1859 he entered the Government service of South Australia.
 * John Hoole (1727–1803), translator, attended school in Hoddesdon.
 * William Josiah Irons (1812–1883), Church of England clergyman and theological writer. Born in Hoddesdon 12 September 1812.
 * John Loudon McAdam (1756–1836), engineer and roadbuilder lived in the town from 1827.
 * Hugh Paddick (1915–2000), comedy actor, born in Hoddesdon.
 * Colin Pratt (1938–2021), former motorcycle speedway rider.
 * Richard Rumbold (c 1622–1685), Cromwellian soldier and conspirator in the Rye House Plot.
 * Lena Zavaroni (1963–1999), popular singer and entertainer spent some of her final years in Hoddesdon and is buried in Hoddesdon Cemetery.
 * Erik Thorstvedt (1962), Norwegian footballer, played for Tottenham Hotspur between 1989 and 1996. Lived in Hoddesdon during his time at Tottenham.
 * David Tree (1915–2009), English stage and screen actor, and nationally prominent commercial grower in Hoddesdon for over sixty years.
 * Gino D'Acampo (1976), Italian-British celebrity chef, currently lives in Hoddesdon.

title: Hoddesdon


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Talk:Jymie Merritt

Untitled
The material I've been able to find so far suggests Jymie Merritt is still alive. If you know otherwise, please change the article. I'll be looking for further information about this.

 * Found the further information. He's still with us.

The Devin Leonard quote appeared in a Philadelphia paper called The Welcomat--no longer under that name--March 19, 1986. The section was called After Dark. Aple62 (talk) 04:32, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

The original Wikipedia tag line for Jymie Merritt included the incorrect information about the Ampeg bass. That incorrect information was picked up by others.Aple62 (talk) 04:32, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Jymie Merritt


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Halyard

In sailing, a halyard or halliard is a line (rope) that is used to hoist a ladder, sail, flag or yard. The term "halyard" derives from the Middle English halier ("rope to haul with"), with the last syllable altered by association with the English unit of measure "yard". Halyards, like most other parts of the running rigging, were classically made of natural fibre like manila or hemp.

Sail types

 * A square rig sail with a halyard is mounted on a lifting yard that is free to slide on a short section of the mast. The halyard is used to raise (hail or hal) the yard when setting the sail.
 * A gaff rigged sail has two; a throat halyard to lift the end of the gaff nearer the mast, and a peak halyard to lift the outer end.
 * A more modern triangular (Bermuda or "Marconi") sail has only one halyard which is attached at its uppermost point (the head).

Fastenings
Halyards can be attached a number of ways to the head of a triangular sail. The most common methods are as follows:
 * 1) A shackle through a headboard on the sail.
 * 2) A bowline through a hole in the head.
 * 3) A half hitch with a figure-eight knot, preferred over a bowline because it allows the sail to get closer to the top of the mast.

The other end of the halyard is usually attached to the mast at its foot by way of a cleat. It is convention in some places to fasten the main halyard (for the mainsail) on the starboard side of the mast and the jib halyard to the port side. This allows quicker access to the lines in a time-critical situation.

Jumping/sweating the halyard
"Jumping the halyard" is a technique used to raise a large sail quickly by employing a few crew members to work simultaneously on the halyard. The person jumping stands next to the mast and manually grabs the halyard as high as they can (sometimes this necessitates jumping) and pulling it down as fast and far as possible. While this crew member reaches for the next heave, a second crew member 'tails' or takes up the slack created by the jumper, on a winch. When the person jumping can no longer pull up the sail simply by hanging on the halyard, they must "sweat" the line.

To "sweat" the halyard is to take as much slack out of it as possible. This may be done with a winch, or manually. To manually sweat a halyard, the sweater grasps the line and, in a fluid motion, hauls it laterally towards themself, then down toward the deck, letting the tailer take up the new slack.

title: Halyard


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Mean Business

Mean Business is the second and final studio album by The Firm, released by Atlantic Records on 3 February 1986. Repeating the same bluesy formula as on the first album, The Firm (1985), Mean Business did not achieve the same commercial success.

One of the album's tracks, "Live in Peace", was first recorded on Paul Rodgers' first solo album in 1983, Cut Loose. The versions differ in that Chris Slade played the drums at half tempo compared to the original version, apart from the ending. Paul Rodgers has recently played a new version on his new compilation album Live in Peace.

The album's title was intended to have a double meaning: that the music business is a hard one, and that the band was serious about its music ("The Firm mean business"). However, perhaps due to the lukewarm-at-best critical and financial success which the band met, Page and Rodgers decided to disband The Firm within months of this album's release.

The album peaked at #22 on the Billboard 200 albums chart. and at #46 on the UK Albums Chart. The single "All the King's Horses" spent four weeks at the top of Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.

"Fortune Hunter" was originally co-written by Page and Chris Squire for the aborted XYZ project in 1981. Squire was not credited on The Firm's version.

Band

 * Paul Rodgers – lead vocals, acoustic and electric guitars, piano, producer
 * Jimmy Page – acoustic and electric guitars, producer
 * Tony Franklin – fretless bass, keyboards, synthesizer, rhythm guitar on Dreaming, backing vocals
 * Chris Slade – drums and percussion

Other

 * Julian Mendelsohn – producer
 * Aubrey Powell Productions – cover design
 * Barry Diament – mastering

title: Mean Business


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Silver Spring

Silver Spring or Silver Springs may refer to:

Canada

 * Silver Springs, Calgary, a neighborhood of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
 * Silver Springs Public School, a school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 * Silver Spring, Conception Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
 * Silverspring, Saskatoon, a neighborhood in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

United States

 * Florida
 * Silver Springs (attraction), a group of artesian springs in Marion County
 * Silver Springs, Florida, an unincorporated community in Marion County
 * Silver Springs Shores, Florida, a census-designated place in Marion County
 * Silver Springs State Park, a Florida State Park including the attraction

 * Maryland
 * Silver Spring, Maryland
 * Nevada
 * Silver Springs, Nevada
 * Silver Springs Airport, a public use airport southwest of Silver Springs
 * Other
 * Silver Springs, Alaska
 * Silver Springs, Missouri
 * Silver Springs, New York
 * Silver Spring, Pennsylvania
 * Silver Springs State Fish and Wildlife Area, a park in Illinois

Companies

 * Silver Spring Mineral Water Company Limited
 * Silver Spring Networks

Transportation

 * Silver Spring station (Maryland), a subway and commuter rail station in Silver Spring, Maryland
 * Silver Spring station (Baltimore and Ohio Railroad), a historic train station in Silver Spring, Maryland

Other uses

 * Silver Spring, composition by William Mason (composer)
 * "Silver Springs" (song), a song by Fleetwood Mac
 * Silver Spring monkeys

title: Silver Spring


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Mary Lou Williams

Mary Lou Williams (born Mary Elfrieda Scruggs; May 8, 1910 – May 28, 1981 ) was an American jazz pianist, arranger, and composer. She wrote hundreds of compositions and arrangements and recorded more than one hundred records (in 78, 45, and LP versions). Williams wrote and arranged for Duke Ellington and Benny Goodman, and she was friend, mentor, and teacher to Thelonious Monk, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Tadd Dameron, Bud Powell, and Dizzy Gillespie.

She has been noted for her 1954 conversion to Catholicism, which led to a musical hiatus and a later transformation in the nature of her music. She continued to perform and work as a philanthropist, educator, and youth mentor until her death from bladder cancer in 1981.

Early years
The second of eleven children, Williams was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and grew up in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. A musical prodigy, at the age of two, she was able to pick out simple tunes and by the age of three, she was taught piano by her mother. Mary Lou Williams played piano out of necessity at a very young age; her white neighbors were throwing bricks into her house until Williams began playing the piano in their homes. At the age of six, she supported her ten half-brothers and sisters by playing at parties. She began performing publicly at the age of seven when she became known admiringly in Pittsburgh as "The Little Piano Girl". She became a professional musician at the age of 15, citing Lovie Austin as her greatest influence. She married jazz saxophonist John Overton Williams in November 1926.

Career
In 1922, at the age of 12, Williams went on the Orpheum Circuit of theaters. During the following year she played with Duke Ellington and his early small band, the Washingtonians. One morning at three o'clock, she was playing with McKinney's Cotton Pickers at Harlem's Rhythm Club. Louis Armstrong entered the room and paused to listen to her. Williams shyly told what happened: "Louis picked me up and kissed me."

In 1927, Williams married saxophonist John Overton Williams. She met him at a performance in Cleveland where he was leading his group, the Syncopators, and moved with him to Memphis, Tennessee. He assembled a band in Memphis, which included Williams on piano. In 1929, 19-year-old Williams assumed leadership of the Memphis band when her husband accepted an invitation to join Andy Kirk's band in Oklahoma City. Williams joined her husband in Oklahoma City but did not play with the band. The group, Andy Kirk's Twelve Clouds of Joy, moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, where Williams, when she wasn't working as a musician, was employed transporting bodies for an undertaker. When the Clouds of Joy accepted a longstanding engagement in Kansas City, Missouri, Williams joined her husband and began sitting in with the band, as well as serving as its arranger and composer. She provided Kirk with such songs as "Froggy Bottom", "Walkin' and Swingin, "Little Joe from Chicago", "Roll 'Em", and "Mary's Idea".

Williams was the arranger and pianist for recordings in Kansas City (1929) Chicago (1930), and New York City (1930). During a trip to Chicago, she recorded "Drag 'Em" and "Night Life" as piano solos. She used the name "Mary Lou" at the suggestion of Jack Kapp at Brunswick Records. The records sold quickly, raising Williams to national prominence. Soon after the recording session she became Kirk's permanent second pianist, playing solo gigs and working as a freelance arranger for Earl Hines, Benny Goodman, and Tommy Dorsey. In 1937, she produced In the Groove (Brunswick), a collaboration with Dick Wilson, and Benny Goodman asked her to write a blues song for his band. The result was "Roll 'Em", a boogie-woogie piece based on the blues, which followed her successful "Camel Hop", named for Goodman's radio show sponsor, Camel cigarettes. Goodman tried to put Williams under contract to write for him exclusively, but she refused, preferring to freelance instead.

In 1942, Williams, who had divorced her husband, left the Twelve Clouds of Joy, returning again to Pittsburgh. She was joined there by bandmate Harold "Shorty" Baker, with whom she formed a six-piece ensemble that included Art Blakey on drums. After an engagement in Cleveland, Baker left to join Duke Ellington's orchestra. Williams joined the band in New York City, then traveled to Baltimore, where she and Baker were married. She traveled with Ellington and arranged several tunes for him, including "Trumpet No End" (1946), her version of "Blue Skies" by Irving Berlin. She also sold Ellington on performing "Walkin' and Swingin'". Within a year she had left Baker and the group and returned to New York.

Williams accepted a job at the Café Society Downtown, started a weekly radio show called Mary Lou Williams's Piano Workshop on WNEW and began mentoring and collaborating with younger bebop musicians such as Dizzy Gillespie and Thelonious Monk. In 1945, she composed the bebop hit "In the Land of Oo-Bla-Dee" for Gillespie. "During this period Monk and the kids would come to my apartment every morning around four or pick me up at the Café after I'd finished my last show, and we'd play and swap ideas until noon or later", Williams recalled in Melody Maker.

In 1945, Williams composed the classically-influenced Zodiac Suite, in which each of the twelve parts corresponded to a sign of the zodiac, and were accordingly dedicated to several of her musical colleagues, including Billie Holiday, and Art Tatum. She recorded the suite with Jack Parker and Al Lucas and performed it December 31, 1945, at The Town Hall in New York City with an orchestra and tenor saxophonist Ben Webster.

In 1952, Williams accepted an offer to perform in England and ended up staying in Europe for two years. By this time, her musical career had left Williams mentally and physically drained.

Conversion to Catholicism and hiatus
A three-year hiatus from performing began when she suddenly backed away from the piano during a performance in Paris in 1954. She returned to the United States, converting to Catholicism in 1954 alongside Dizzy Gillespie's wife Lorraine. In addition to spending several hours at Mass, her energies were then devoted mainly to the Bel Canto Foundation, an effort she initiated using her savings as well as help from friends to turn her apartment in Hamilton Heights into a halfway house for the poor as well as musicians who were grappling with addiction; she also made money over a longer period of time for the halfway house by way of a thrift store in Harlem.

Her hiatus may have been triggered by the death of her long-time friend and student Charlie Parker in 1955 who also struggled with addiction for the majority of his life. Father John Crowley and Father Anthony aided in persuading Williams to return to playing music. They told her that she could continue to serve God and the Catholic Church by utilizing her exceptional gift of creating music. Moreover, Dizzy convinced her to return to playing, which she did at the 1957 Newport Jazz Festival with Dizzy's band.

Father Peter O'Brien, a Catholic priest, became her close friend and manager in the 1960s. Dizzy also introduced her to Pittsburgh's Bishop John Wright. O'Brien helped her establish new venues for jazz performance at a time when no more than two clubs in Manhattan offered jazz full-time. In addition to club work, she played at colleges, formed her own record label and publishing companies, founded the Pittsburgh Jazz Festival (with the bishop's help), and made television appearances. "Bishop Wright let her teach at Seton High School on the city's North Side. It was there that she wrote her first Mass, called The Pittsburgh Mass. Williams eventually became the first jazz composer commissioned by the church to compose liturgical music in the jazz idiom."

Return to music
Following her hiatus, Willams' first piece of music was a Mass she wrote and performed named Black Christ of the Andes, based around a hymn in honor of the Peruvian saint Martin de Porres, and two other short works, Anima Christi and Praise the Lord. It was first performed in November 1962 at St. Francis Xavier Church in Manhattan. She recorded it in October of the next year.

Throughout the 1960s, Williams' composing concentrated on sacred music, hymns, and Masses. One of the Masses, Music for Peace, was choreographed by Alvin Ailey and performed by the Alvin Ailey Dance Theater as Mary Lou's Mass in 1971. About the work, Ailey commented, "If there can be a Bernstein Mass, a Mozart Mass, a Bach Mass, why can't there be Mary Lou's Mass?" Williams performed the revision of Mary Lou's Mass, her most acclaimed work, on The Dick Cavett Show in 1971. She also made a guest appearance on Sesame Street in 1975.

Williams put much effort into working with youth choirs to perform her works, including "Mary Lou's Mass" at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City in April 1975 before a gathering of over three thousand. It marked the first time a jazz musician had played at the church. She opened a charitable organization and opened thrift stores in Harlem, directing the proceeds, along with ten percent of her own earnings, to musicians in need. As a 1964 Time article explained, "Mary Lou thinks of herself as a 'soul' player — a way of saying that she never strays far from melody and the blues, but deals sparingly in gospel harmony and rhythm. 'I am praying through my fingers when I play,' she says. 'I get that good "soul sound", and I try to touch people's spirits.'" She performed at the Monterey Jazz Festival in 1965, with a jazz festival group.

Throughout the 1970s, Williams' career flourished. She released numerous albums, including as solo pianist and commentator on the recorded The History of Jazz. She returned to the Monterey Jazz Festival in 1971. She could also be seen playing nightly in Greenwich Village at The Cookery, a new club run by her former boss from the Café Society, Barney Josephson. That engagement too, was recorded.

Williams had a two-piano performance with avant-garde pianist Cecil Taylor at Carnegie Hall on April 17, 1977. Despite onstage tensions between Williams and Taylor, their performance was released on an live album titled Embraced.

Williams instructed school children on jazz. She then accepted an appointment at Duke University as artist-in-residence (from 1977 to 1981), teaching the History of Jazz with Father O'Brien and directing the Duke Jazz Ensemble. With a light teaching schedule, she also made many concert and festival appearances, conducted clinics with youth, and in 1978 performed at the White House for President Jimmy Carter and his guests. She participated in Benny Goodman's 40th-anniversary Carnegie Hall concert in 1978.

Later years
Williams' final recording, Solo Recital (Montreux Jazz Festival, 1978), three years before her death, had a medley encompassing spirituals, ragtime, blues and swing. Other highlights include Williams's reworkings of "Tea for Two", "Honeysuckle Rose", and her two compositions "Little Joe from Chicago", and "What's Your Story Morning Glory". Other tracks include "Medley: The Lord Is Heavy", "Old Fashion Blues", "Over the Rainbow", "Offertory Meditation", "Concerto Alone at Montreux", and "The Man I Love".

In 1980, she founded the Mary Lou Williams Foundation.

In 1981, Mary Lou Williams died of bladder cancer in Durham, North Carolina at the age of 71. Dizzy Gillespie, Benny Goodman, and Andy Kirk attended her funeral at the Church of St. Ignatius Loyola. She was buried in the Calvary Catholic Cemetery in Pittsburgh. Looking back at the end of her life, Mary Lou Williams said: "I did it, didn't I? Through muck and mud." She was known as "the first lady of the jazz keyboard". Williams was one of the first women to be successful in jazz.

Her final work for wind symphony, History..., reconstructed and recomposed by Duke faculty member Anthony Kelley, was premiered in 2024.

Awards and honors

 * Guggenheim Fellowships, 1972 and 1977.
 * Nominee 1971 Grammy Awards, Best Jazz Performance – Group, for the album Giants, Dizzy Gillespie, Bobby Hackett, Mary Lou Williams
 * Honorary degree from Fordham University in New York in 1973
 * Honorary degree from Rockhurst College in Kansas City in 1980.
 * Received the 1981 Duke University's Trinity Award for service to the university, an award voted on by Duke University students.

Legacy

 * In 1983, Duke University established the Mary Lou Williams Center for Black Culture
 * Since 1996, The Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. has an annual Mary Lou Williams Women in Jazz Festival.
 * Since 2000, her archives are preserved at Rutgers University's Institute of Jazz Studies in Newark.
 * A Pennsylvania State Historic Marker is placed at 328 Lincoln Avenue, Lincoln Elementary School, Pittsburgh, PA, noting her accomplishments and the location of the school she attended.
 * In 2000, trumpeter Dave Douglas released the album Soul on Soul as a tribute to her, featuring original arrangements of her music and new pieces inspired by her work.
 * The 2000 album Impressions of Mary Lou by pianist John Hicks featured eight of her compositions.
 * The Dutch Jazz Orchestra researched and played rediscovered works of Williams on their 2005 album Lady Who Swings the Band.
 * In 2006, Geri Allen's Mary Lou Williams Collective released their album Zodiac Suite: Revisited.
 * A YA historical novel based on Mary Lou Williams and her early life, entitled Jazz Girl, by Sarah Bruce Kelly, was published in 2010.
 * A children's book based on Mary Lou Williams, entitled The Little Piano Girl, by Ann Ingalls and Maryann MacDonald with illustrations by Giselle Potter, was published in 2010.
 * A poetry book by Yona Harvey entitled Hemming the Water was published in 2013, inspired by Williams and featuring the poem "Communion with Mary Lou Williams".
 * In 2013, the American Musicological Society published Mary Lou Williams' Selected Works for Big Band, a compilation of 11 of her big band scores.
 * In 2015, an award-winning documentary film entitled, Mary Lou Williams: The Lady Who Swings the Band, produced and directed by Carol Bash, premiered on American Public Television and was screened at various domestic and international film festivals.
 * In 2018 What'sHerName women's history podcast aired the episode "THE MUSICIAN Mary Lou Williams", with guest expert 'Mary Lou Williams: The Lady Who Swings the Band,' producer and director Carol Bash.
 * In 2021, the Umlaut Big Band released Mary's Ideas (Umlaut Records), a double-cd featuring rare and newly discovered works by Mary Lou Williams, based on research from her manuscripts. It includes arrangements and compositions for Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, excerpts from the Zodiac Suite in its 1945 orchestral arrangement, and excerpts from History of Jazz for Wind Symphony, Mary Lou Williams' ultimate and unfinished composition.
 * Mary Lou Williams Lane, a street near 10th and Paseo in Kansas City, Missouri, was named after the renowned jazz artist.
 * She is one of only three women who appear in the famous photograph of jazz greats, A Great Day in Harlem.

As featured artist

 * With Dizzy Gillespie
 * Dizzy Gillespie at Newport (Verve, 1957)
 * Giants (Perception, 1971) with Bobby Hackett

 * With Buddy Tate
 * Buddy Tate and His Buddies (Chiaroscuro, 1973)

title: Mary Lou Williams


text:
Talk:Jane's Addiction

Core/Other Members
Not sure I agree with the definition of "Core" and "Other" members of the bans in respect of the bass players - yes, Chaney was the most recent, but Avery was the player during the period they were mostly active, and plays on all but the last record. Also considered core creative part of the songwriting on all their iconic output.

Not sure Chaney was ever a full-blown partner, he may have been a hired-hand?

Bit like Lennon being "Other" to the Beatles 'cos he wasn't present for the "Anthology" project??!?

chaney wrote and recorded with them and was credited as part of the band in the credits to strays.

he also played in the follow up projects to this band with dave and eric. he was full blown.

Maybe wait and see who plays bass on the forthcoming reunion? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.50.186.227 (talk) 10:25, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

Perhaps something should be mentioned about martyn lenoble feeling very hard done by and the band owing him money following his departure in 2002? he says it himself in the 'Whores' biography.

What happened to all of the Casey Niccoli references? She not only directed and edited the early Jane's Addiction videos, but did the artwork for the albums, and co-wrote, co-directed and edited Gift. I think she deserves mention for these things.

Eric Avery's return
Hello - me again - now I'm really confused - the reference link doesn't mention the detail lineup for the awards show in April - where has the info that Avery will be playing come from? Navarro's blog (www.6767.com) names the other three, implying that, so far at least, Avery isn;t confirmed as on board for this show???

I note that Avery is now listed as a "core" member though LOL —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.50.186.227 (talk) 12:48, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I have now added a citation that details Avery's return to the band. Tarc (talk) 12:58, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

Just came across it on Reuters and was coming back to correct myself - see you beat me to it! Nice one —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.50.186.227 (talk) 13:01, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

Why was the information on the October and November shows removed?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.171.177.64 (talk) 00:18, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Genre sources
Can anyone cite a reiable source on the band's genres, especially the "alternative metal" tag, which I dispute. The band just doesn't really fit. A published source (Essi Berelian's "Rough Guide to Heavy Metal") calls them "alternative rock" and "art-rock", explicitly stating they are the very definition of those genres. It never mentions alternative metal though. Prophaniti (talk) 00:02, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

They are called alternative metal on AllMusicGuide... http://www.allmusicguide.com/cg/amg.dll VolvonDoom (talk) 08:44, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

why does allmusicguide get to decide what genre this band is. let's send them a message on their site and ask or something. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.191.120.158 (talk) 12:07, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

In the section on Deconstruction, I don't know what a " one-off album" is. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.138.210.150 (talk) 19:33, 30 May 2009 (UTC)

why does allmusicguide get to decide what genre this band is. I saw Nine Inch Nails labeled with the "Teen Pop" (WTF-ingF) category and Wham! with the "Punk/New Wave" category on that website, so for the record, that's a hell of a good question. JA is not remotely metal to me, but I guess there isn't much I can do when a site that labels NIN as Teen Pop is used as a reliable Wikipedia source. 74.69.64.52 (talk) 10:11, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Describing Wham! as punk/new wave is a bit of a stretch, alright. Describing Nine Inch Nails as teen pop seems pretty spot on to me. They're obviously aimed at young teens. 193.178.95.4 (talk) 10:33, 10 November 2010 (UTC)

Funk metal
I think this is band's style is largely funk metal, and thus it should be added. Two that come to mind are "Been Caught Stealing" and "Suffer Some" but that's beside the point. Anyone agree with me that it should be added?

I think the genre section should say: Alternative rock Alternative metal Funk metal because they aren't really a "hard rock" band. Tez kag 72 22:50, 20 January 2009 (UTC)

you may think that, but that doesn't make it so. no way are jane's addiction a funk rock band.

psychedelic alternative rock/alternative hard rock with punk influences. sometimes its hard to nail genres done. they may not fit the regular hard rock genre's image, but they do rock very hard indeed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.191.120.158 (talk) 12:03, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

Name origin
Does anyone have a reference for the origin of the band's name? Bongo matic  02:23, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

Genres
Shouldn't the genre list also include alternative metal? They were one of the pioneers, after all. --LordNecronus (talk) 14:58, 1 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I personally don't see Jane's Addiction as a metal band, I think they are alternative period and shouldn't be listed as a metal band. But if you have a source to back up them being a metal band I guess that's fine because Source>opinion. I still don't get why we can't GNR a metal when they are, yet we can call Jane's Addiction an alt band one.Rockgenre (talk)Rockgenre 19:15, 2 October 2009 (UTC)
 * They're mentioned several times as an alternative metal band on the alternative metal article. --86.0.183.95 (talk) 12:00, 3 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Here's what Allmusic lists Jane's Addiction under styles:
 * -Alternative Pop/ Rock
 * -Alternative Metal
 * -College Rock
 * -Dance-Rock

 * And here's what Rolling Stone says on their artist page on their site, "Jane's Addiction blended elements of art rock, punk, metal, funk and glamour into an ambitious musical". VH1 mentioned them Mountain Song on their "100 greatest hard rock songs" list where they refered to them as something like "in the '80s LA was mainly known for metal, but it also gave us one of the alt rock greats in Jane's Addiction" or something like that.

 * Jane's genre is debatable, but we do know for a fact that they mixed a lot of styles into their music. I personally just don't see anything metal about them, but again "source>opinion". Though it is already mentioned the article that they had some influences from gothic rock and metal and I think that's good enough.Rockgenre (talk)Rockgenre 00:25, 4 October 2009 (UTC)

I agree with "Rockgenre". I don't see anything metal about Jane's Addiction. They're a little on the heavier side of Alternative Rock and maybe drew some influences from an old metal band or two (although more from psychedelia in my view), but I don't see that as incentive for actually labeling them metal. To me they represent simple Alternative Rock in it's formative years (which is a fusion of rock sounds anyway). Then again, neither do I see anything really metal about Red Hot Chili Peppers and they also get the tag quite often. Go figure. I guess individual opinions don't count though. 74.69.64.52 (talk) 10:05, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

Jane's Addiction is considered alternative metal by reliable sources that discuss that genre. Mind you, the core of the band's sound is essentially 70's metal meets 80's goth. WesleyDodds (talk) 11:24, 30 January 2010 (UTC)

Eric's not writing with JA (2010)
I can't add this reference because the article is semi-protected... but here's his twit about not writing with Jane's... in case someone can add it: http://twitter.com/ericavery/statuses/8018380744

Thanks! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.246.84.43 (talk) 22:14, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Duff McKagan as Avery replacement?
http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=135547

Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash, who's Duff's friend and bandmate, states "I think Duff is doing something with Jane's Addiction". There have been rumors for a while that Duff was going to be replacing Eric, and Slash is pretty close with Duff, so I doubt he learned of this from rumors on the internet as opposed to Duff himself. I'm not familiar with Wiki's policies in this type of situation, but if it's worth noting (even as a rumor on the main page), then I'm just letting you all know. If it's not worth noting until confirmed, I completely understand. This isn't an official confirmation by any means, just seems pretty credible. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.49.152.111 (talk) 23:35, 22 February 2010 (UTC)
 * It has been confirmed that Duff is writing and performing with Jane's on their new album, however Ive yet to come across anything that confirms that he actually has replaced Avery full time, only titles stating "Duff has joined Jane's" but just saying hes writing with them in the articles. While Duff joining Jane's would be awesome (im a huge fan of both), nothing has been confirmed by either Duff or Jane's. It could happen, but with Duff also pushing forward and writing a new album for Loaded as well, it doesnt seem likely at this moment. HrZ (talk) 13:33, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Well, McKagan joined for about 6 months, helped with the new album & some live shows, then left . He was introduced as the new bassist earlier this year in the band's Guitar Center Sessions (I just saw the program on DirecTV's 101 Network, including a great acoustic version of 'Jane Says' and a few other songs.) .. Apparently they taped in May and the show was first broadcast in Sept.   - PrBeacon (talk) 20:43, 23 November 2010 (UTC)

Had A Dad
This was a very popular song on the album that at least deserves a stub of it's own article. I've talked to people who barely know Jane's Addiction that know this song, but not "Mountain Song". — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mrmoustache14 (talk • contribs) 16:43, 24 August 2012 (UTC)

Citation Error?
The article uses citation 53 as reference for some illness of Farrell. But the cited article does not reveal any information on an illness? (have no account on English WP and posting this anonymously. Hope, it's OK.  Please feel free to delete this.)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.5.170.96 (talk) 22:08, 6 November 2012 (UTC)

Jane Bainter
I'm not saying there should be a page for Jane Bainter, the band's namesake, but there should be some sort of a mention that she didn't get hardly if any money from JA or Warner Bros. I read it in a interview she did back in 2003. If you search Jane Bainter on Google it'll come up. --Matt723star (talk) 22:49, 23 March 2013 (UTC)

first link sketchy & dead (cites [1] & [38?])
The article is mostly great but check out the very first cite- it's dead now, only available latest screenshot is 2010 available on "archive.is", via googling "(Avery’s) departure should not come as a shock to fans". That old 'Stereokill' was a sketchy source anyway by the standards I am familiar with now (cite 38 or somehere it appears again). So this otherwise fine article needs proper source checking. Which is why I'm putting it here on the talk page because I'm not sure if that's a wikiproject or how that works, and I suspect more than just this one sketchy dead link right off the top. Phaedrx (talk) 17:24, 25 September 2013 (UTC)
 * hunch correct, see very last cite re: Dave Sitek (TVOTR) the "Spinner" text once again is googlable but the link redirects to some aol.radio homepage I am not entirely familiar with, nor the process to repair, remove, update these links. Not saying the credit is incorrect as above but that the foundation is giving way in this otherwise solid article. Phaedrx (talk) 17:24, 25 September 2013 (UTC)

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Way to improve?
Just throwing this out there, but shouldn't there be a mention of the band's two biggest hits, "Jane Says" and "Been Caught Stealing", somewhere in the introductory paragraphs? Maybe add a clause to the sentence that reads "The band's first two studio albums, Nothing's Shocking (1988) and Ritual de lo habitual (1990), which included the hit songs "Jane Says" and "Been Caught Stealing", respectively, were released to widespread critical acclaim, and an increasing cult fanbase. "

As it reads now, the average person who checks out this article would not know it's the same band that produced those radio staples. And that's sort of the point of an encylopedia, isn't it?

Third degree 14 (talk) 02:10, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

Casey Niccoli piece in the Huffington Post
I found this today. I consider it to be a primary source, but of interest to editors. Note that Niccoli's statement that I was completely wiped from the history of the band on Wikipedia is inaccurate. As per WP:WikiBlame, Casey Niccoli was already present in the youngest revision searched dating from 16:01, 10 July 2024. (See this search .) The mention is in the section. I do not know if other mentions of Niccoli have been removed or are pertinent. Peaceray (talk) 19:42, 17 July 2024 (UTC)
 * The Casey Niccoli biography page has been recreated and deleted several times, which could be a source of irritation. The "Classic Girl" article mentions her as the inspiration.
 * We could certainly add more material to flesh out the story. Nothing wrong with looking through the early literature and relaying that to Wikipedia. For instance, Rolling Stone from 1989 and 1991, Los Angeles Times from 1990 and 1993, and BAM from 1991. I would want to see WP:SECONDARY sources confirming claims such as Niccoli coming up with the first two album titles. Binksternet (talk) 21:04, 17 July 2024 (UTC)

I just read the article. The only see one reference to Casey Niccoli in the Wikipedia article now, about her contribution toward naming the band.
 * Here are the concrete contributions she claims in the article, in the order she lists them in the article:
 * -- A mixed-media sculpture made for the cover of Jane’s Addiction’s 1990 album, “Ritual de lo Habitual”, co-created with Perry Farrell.
 * -- Perry Farrell wore her sexy women's clothes at performances. I guess whether this counts as an artistic contribution depends on how unusual and artistic those clothes were.
 * -- She taught Perry Farrell basic guitar chords, which he used to compose songs. Not really a contribution, but still interesting that Perry didn't even know that and she had to teach him.
 * -- She took the early band photos for the inner sleeve of their second album, “Nothing’s Shocking”.
 * -- Co-created the sculpture for the cover of “Nothing’s Shocking”.
 * -- Named the albums “Ritual de lo Habitual” and “Nothing’s Shocking”.
 * -- Co-directed the fan video “Soul Kiss”.
 * -- She "directed multiple successful projects, including the groundbreaking video for the song “Been Caught Stealing,” which won an MTV Video Music Award in 1991 and is rated #48 in VH1’s Best 100 Music Videos of all time. This video alone significantly contributed to the band’s commercial success due to its frequent radio airplay and heavy rotation on MTV."
 * -- Wrote, directed, co-edited, and starred in the film “Gift” alongside Perry, featuring the music of Jane’s Addiction.
 * -- Directed several other music videos for the band, including for the songs “Classic Girl,”“Stop” and “Ocean Size.”
 * -- Financially supported Perry Farrell during "the early part of his career". Again not an artistic contribution, but interesting nonetheless.
 * All together, this is clearly far more than "band member's girlfriend". If what she says in the article is true, then Perry Farrell is being a jackahole by pretending that's all she was, and Wikipedia should make it right in this article. Greg Lovern (talk) 06:26, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
 * "If what she says in the article is true" -- that's the key, we really need something other than a self-published account. Further, it isn't our job here to "make it right in this article" but to provide what's reliable and verifiable. -- Zim Zala Bim talk 18:29, 19 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Yep, I agree. Let's keep the status quo where a woman continues to be marginalized despite her obviously being a big part of something folks have a strong inventive to keep suppressed.
 * "What's the evidence against the guy? Her word against his? Dang, I guess she is probably lying unless we can get him to admit he's guilty." 209.252.168.211 (talk) 14:58, 20 July 2024 (UTC)
 * She was basically their art director, much like Ray Pettibon was for Black Flag. Can you imagine a Black Flag without Raymond Pettibon? 50.214.75.45 (talk) 17:48, 19 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Can we get verification from reliable sources for this? Yes, we can mention that she had an art direction role if its from the sources, but keep in mind that functioning as an art director is hardly being a member of the band. Peaceray (talk) 16:18, 20 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jane's Addiction


text:
Scottsville

Scottsville may refer to several places in the United States of America:
 * Scottsville, California
 * Scottsville, Indiana
 * Scottsville, Kansas
 * Scottsville, Kentucky
 * Scottsville, New York
 * Scottsville, Texas
 * Scottsville, Virginia

See also:
 * Scottville (disambiguation)

title: Scottsville


text:
Springdale

Springdale may refer to:

Australia

 * Springdale, New South Wales
 * Springdale, Queensland, a locality in the Southern Downs Region

Canada

 * Springdale Caldera
 * Springdale, Alberta
 * Springdale, Brampton
 * Springdale, Newfoundland and Labrador
 * Springdale Aerodrome

United States

 * Springdale, Arkansas
 * Springdale Municipal Airport
 * Springdale Public Schools
 * Springdale High School
 * Springdale (Stamford), Connecticut
 * Springdale station
 * Springdale, Idaho
 * Springdale, Iowa
 * Springdale, Kansas
 * Springdale, Louisville, Kentucky
 * Springdale, Maryland
 * Springdale, Holyoke, Massachusetts
 * Springdale station (Massachusetts), in Canton
 * Springdale, Mississippi
 * Springdale, Montana
 * Springdale, New Jersey
 * Springdale, Sussex County, New Jersey
 * Springdale, North Carolina
 * Springdale, Ohio
 * Springdale, Oregon
 * Springdale, Pennsylvania
 * Springdale, Lancaster County, South Carolina
 * Springdale, Lexington County, South Carolina
 * Springdale, Utah
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 * Springdale, Wisconsin, a town
 * Springdale, Buffalo County, Wisconsin, a ghost town
 * Springdale Township, Michigan
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 * Springdale Lake, a lake in Georgia
 * Springdale Mall, in Mobile, Alabama
 * Spring Dale, West Virginia

On the National Register of Historic Places

 * Old Springdale High School, in Springdale, Arkansas
 * Springdale (Princeton), New Jersey, official residence of the president of the Princeton Theological Seminary, in the Princeton Historic District
 * Springdale (Tiffin, Ohio), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Seneca County, Ohio
 * Springdale (Crozier, Virginia), a home in Goochland County
 * Spring Dale (Dublin, Virginia), also known as Springdale, a house
 * Springdale (Frederick County, Virginia), a farm property
 * Springdale (Lexington, Virginia), a house
 * Springdale (Mathews, Virginia), a plantation house
 * John Hite House, also known as Springdale, near Bartonsville, Frederick County, Virginia
 * Springdale Cemetery, a cemetery in Peoria, Illinois
 * Springdale Historic District (disambiguation), two NRHP-listed areas in Pennsylvania
 * Springdale Mill Complex, near Bartonsville, Frederick County, Virginia
 * Springdale Mills, a grist mill in Washington Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
 * Springdale School, in Springdale, Oregon

Other uses

 * Springdale, code name of several Intel Pentium 4 chipsets

title: Springdale


text:
Ely

Ely or ELY may refer to:

Ireland

 * Éile, a medieval kingdom commonly anglicised Ely
 * Ely Place, Dublin, a street

United Kingdom

 * Ely, Cambridgeshire, a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England
 * Ely Rural District, a former district surrounding Ely, Cambridgeshire on the west and north
 * Isle of Ely, a historic region and former county around the city of Ely
 * Diocese of Ely, a Church of England diocese in the Province of Canterbury
 * Ely Place, a road in London
 * Ely, Cardiff, a suburb of west Cardiff, Wales
 * Ely (Cardiff electoral ward)
 * River Ely, a river in Wales that flows through Cardiff

United States

 * Ely, Iowa, a city
 * Ely, Minnesota, a city
 * Ely, Missouri, an unincorporated community
 * Ely, Nevada, a city and county seat
 * Ely, New Jersey, an unincorporated community
 * Ely, Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Ely Township, Michigan
 * Ely, a village belonging to Fairlee, Vermont
 * Ely Range, a mountain range in Nevada

Codes

 * El Al, Israeli airline (ICAO code: ELY)
 * Ely Airport, also known as Yelland Field, IATA code ELY
 * Ely railway station, an English railway station that has National Rail code ELY
 * Elyria (Amtrak station), an Ohio rail station, which has Amtrak station code ELY
 * Callaway Golf, a company that has New York Stock Exchange code ELY

In education

 * Ely Professor of Divinity, a professorship at the University of Cambridge
 * Ely College, Ely, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
 * King's Ely, Ely, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
 * Ely Theological College, Ely, Cambridgeshire
 * Ely High School for Girls, Ely, Cambridgeshire
 * Ely Hall, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, United States
 * Ely Memorial High School, Ely, Minnesota, United States

People

 * Ely (surname), a list of people
 * Ely (given name), a list of people

Other uses

 * USS Ely, the name of more than one United States Navy ship
 * Marquess of Ely, an extant title in the Peerage of Ireland
 * Earl of Ely, three extinct titles in the Peerage of Ireland
 * Ely House (disambiguation)
 * Ely Racecourse, a racecourse in Cardiff, Wales

title: Ely


text:
Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta

Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta is a disease of the immune system. It is the more severe version of pityriasis lichenoides chronica. The disease is characterized by rashes and small lesions on the skin. The disease is more common in males and usually occurs in young adulthood, although it has been seen in every age group and every race. It is possible for the disease to go into remission for short periods of time or forever.

Causes
There is no known cause of this disease; however, there is some evidence associating it with parvovirus B19.

Diagnosis
It is commonly misdiagnosed as chickenpox or rosacea, or misidentified as a form of staphylococcal infection. The most accurate way to diagnose it is by biopsy. This disease has not been known to be life-threatening.

Treatment
It is not contagious and currently there is no cure for the disease, although the lesions can be treated with phototherapy as well as antibiotics, including erythromycin, azithromycin and tetracycline. Treatment often involves multiple therapies that address the immune system and bacterial, viral, or dermatological causes.

Eponym
Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta is also known as Mucha–Habermann disease. It is named for Rudolf Habermann (1884–1941), a German dermatologist, and Viktor Mucha, an Austrian dermatologist.


text:
Minister of Finance (Canada)

The minister of finance (ministre des Finances) is the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet, who is responsible for overseeing the Department of Finance and presenting the federal government's budget each year. It is one of the most important positions in the Cabinet.

Chrystia Freeland is the 40th and current finance minister, assuming the role in August 2020 following the resignation of Bill Morneau. She concurrently is the deputy prime minister of Canada.

Because of the prominence and responsibility of this cabinet position, it is not uncommon for former ministers of finance to later become prime minister. Charles Tupper, R. B. Bennett, John Turner, Jean Chrétien, and Paul Martin all became prime minister after previously serving as minister of finance.

Responsibilities
In addition to being the head of the Department of Finance, the minister of finance is also the minister responsible for:

 * Bank of Canada
 * Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation
 * Canada Development Investment Corporation
 * Canada Pension Plan Investment Board
 * Canadian International Trade Tribunal
 * Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions
 * Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada
 * Mission to the International Monetary Fund (serving as "Governor" voter)
 * Serving as a permanent member of the Treasury Board of Canada

List of ministers
Key:

{{legend||Liberal Party of Canada|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Historical conservative parties: Liberal-Conservative, Conservative (historical), Unionist, National Liberal and Conservative, Progressive Conservative|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Conservative Party of Canada|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

title: Minister of Finance (Canada)


text:
Royal Conservatory of The Hague

The Royal Conservatoire (Koninklijk Conservatorium, KC) is a conservatoire in The Hague, providing higher education in music and dance. The conservatoire was founded by King William I in 1826, making it the oldest conservatoire in the Netherlands. Since September 2021, the KC is housed in the Amare building in the centre of the Hague, together with the Residentie Orkest and the Nederlands Dans Theater (NDT).

Education
The Bachelor Music course offers a range of study options. The starting point is an individual curriculum in the fields of Classical Music, Early Music, Singing/Vocal, Jazz, Composition, Sonology, Art of Sound and Music Education. The Master Music course at the Royal Conservatoire covers a spectrum from performing musicians (Classical, Early and Jazz), creative and researching musicians (Composition, Sonology, ArtScience). The three Master programmes at the Royal Conservatoire are Master of Music, Master of Sonology and Master of Opera. The Master in Opera is offered by the Dutch National Opera Academy, in association with the Conservatory of Amsterdam. In 1990 the Royal Conservatory of The Hague merged with the Royal Academy of Art of The Hague, into the “School of Visual Arts, Music and Dance”. In 2010 the Dutch government elevated the joint institution to “University of the Arts in The Hague”. The two do also still go by their original names as well, to underline their individual identities.

Research
Alongside education and production, research is one of the pillars of the Royal Conservatoire. The focus of research within the educational programmes is directed towards the artistic-musical and intellectual development of the students. In the Bachelor this involves the learning of basic research skills which a musician will require in their later music practice. These have relevance to the articulated ability to reflect on the musician’s own speciality. Research in the Master course is more specifically directed towards the conducting of a research project where the student specialises in their own field. Types of research in the Master can range widely, for instance the making of instruments, experimentation, historical interpretation (e.g. in function of performance practice), creative (artistic) research, cultural/critical reflection and/or research in the field of didactics or pedagogy. The topics are usually directly related to the main subject, and are of importance both for artistic and intellectual development of the student as for the development of the field of study. After the Master course students can apply for participation in the doctoral programme for musicians and composers which is facilitated by the Academy of Creative and Performing Art at Leiden University. A research training programme is offered by DocARTES, the collaboration of the Royal Conservatoire, the Conservatory of Amsterdam, the universities of Leiden, Leuven and Antwerp, and the Orpheus Institute in Ghent. The final PhD defense takes place at Leiden University through the Academy of Creative and Performing Arts. Just like with the Master course, the student’s own artistic practice is the central element in the PhD course.

Alumni and faculty
The Royal Conservatoire has some notable alumni, including Michel van der Aa, Susanne Abbuehl, Hendrik Andriessen, Richard Ayres, Gerard Beljon, Rudi Martinus van Dijk, Marco Goecke, Barbara Hannigan, Rozalie Hirs, Geoffrey Lancaster, Vanessa Lann, Douglas Mews, Susanne Regel, Lawrence Renes, Paul Steenhuisen, Ananda Sukarlan, Victor Varela, Henry Vega, Rodney Waschka II, Eva-Maria Westbroek, Clara Wildschut and Kristoffer Zegers.

Notable faculty (past and present) includes Louis Andriessen, Bob van Asperen, Michael Chance, Peter Kooy, Robin Blaze, Pascal Bertin, Dorothee Mields, Jill Feldman, Dina Appeldoorn, Clarence Barlow, Richard Barrett, Konrad Boehmer, Frans Brüggen, Wim Henderickx, Ton Koopman, Yannis Kyriakides, Reinbert de Leeuw, Kenneth Montgomery, Ryo Terakado, Eric Vloeimans and Dorothea Winter.

title: Royal Conservatory of The Hague


text:
Garland (disambiguation)

A garland is a type of decoration.

Garland may also refer to:

Places

 * In the United States
 * Garland, Arkansas, a town in Miller County
 * Garland County, Arkansas
 * Garland, Kansas, a town in Bourbon County
 * Garland, Maine, a town in Penobscot County
 * Garland, Missouri, an unincorporated community
 * Garland, Nebraska, a village in Seward County
 * Garland, North Carolina, a town in Sampson County
 * Garland, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 * Garland, Texas, a suburb of Dallas
 * Garland Independent School District
 * Garland, Utah, a city in Box Elder County
 * Garland, Wyoming, a village in Park County

People

 * Garland (surname), a surname
 * Garland Grange (1906–1981), American football player
 * Garland Gregory (1919–2011), American football player
 * Garland Jean-Batiste (born 1965), American football player
 * Garland Kirkpatrick (born 1960), American designer, educator, and curator

Fiction

 * Garland, the first boss and the main antagonist of Final Fantasy I
 * Garland, an antagonist in Final Fantasy IX
 * Garland, a character in 8-Bit Theater
 * Garland Siebald, a character from Beyblade
 * Garland SF-01, SF-02 and SF-03, race cars in Future GPX Cyber Formula

Other uses

 * Ex parte Garland, a United States Supreme Court case concerning presidential pardons
 * Garlands (album), an album by the Cocteau Twins
 * Garland Publishing, a scholarly publisher, now part of Taylor & Francis Group
 * Garland Encyclopedia of World Music 10 vols. 1989-1994
 * HMS Garland, the name of fifteen vessels in the Royal Navy

title: Garland (disambiguation)


text:
Gauge

Gauge may refer to:

Measurement

 * Gauge (instrument), any of a variety of measuring instruments
 * Gauge (firearms)
 * Wire gauge, a measure of the size of a wire
 * American wire gauge, a common measure of nonferrous wire diameter, especially electrical
 * Birmingham gauge, a measure of ferrous wire and hypodermic needle diameter
 * Jewelry wire gauge, the size of wire used in jewelry making
 * Sheet metal gauge, thickness of metal in sheet form
 * Film gauge, a physical property of film stock which defines its size
 * The size of objects used in stretching (body piercing), especially earrings
 * Gauge block, a metal or ceramic block of precisely known dimension, used in measuring
 * Sight glass, also known as a water gauge, for measuring liquid level heights in storage tanks and pressure vessels
 * Boost gauge, a gauge used in conjunction with turbo-super-chargers
 * Pressure gauge or vacuum gauge, see pressure measurement
 * Gauge pressure, pressure above ambient pressure
 * Stream gauge, for measuring height and discharge of a river or stream
 * Air core gauge, a type of rotary actuator often used in automotive instruments
 * Gauger, one who gauges or measures, typically dutiable commodities, such as wine, landed from ships at docks

Railway practice

 * Track gauge, the distance between the two rails forming a railway track
 * Loading gauge, the maximum width and height of vehicles (engines, loaded wagons, etc.).
 * Structure gauge, the minimum size of bridges, tunnels, platforms, etc.
 * Axle load, the weight that an axle exerts on track
 * Variable gauge, system to allow railway vehicles to travel across a break of gauge

Medicine

 * Birmingham gauge, for metal wire and tube products
 * French gauge, mainly for catheters

Mathematics and physics

 * Gauge theory
 * Gauge integral
 * Gauge fixing
 * Gauge boson
 * Gauge (Minkowski functional)

Other uses

 * Gauge (knitting), the number of stitches in a given length
 * Gauge (actress), American pornographic actress
 * Gauge (band), post-hardcore band from Chicago, Illinois, USA
 * Gauge, Inc., a manufacturer of microphones and audio accessories
 * Change of gauge (aviation), when an aircraft type changes at a stopping point of a direct flight
 * Gauge (software), cross-platform test automation tool

title: Gauge


text:
Sonology

Sonology is a neologism used to describe the study of sound in a variety of disciplines.

In medicine, the term is used in the field of [imaging] to describe the practice of medical ultrasonography. According to some scholars, sonology may represent a more advanced application of clinical sonography, chiefly due to the requirement for the use of critical application of both cognitive and radiographic skills in making the diagnostic determination at the time of bedside application of focused ultrasound.

The term is also used to describe interdisciplinary research in the field of electronic music and computer music, drawing upon disciplines such as acoustics, electronics, informatics, composition and psychoacoustics. This sense of the term is widely associated with the Institute of Sonology, which was established by composer Gottfried Michael Koenig at the University of Utrecht in 1967 and later moved to the Royal Conservatory of The Hague in 1986. The term has also been adopted to describe the study of electronic music at other institutions, including the Center for Computational Sonology (now "Sound and Music Computing") at the University of Padua, Kunitachi College of Music in Tokyo, at the Catalonia College of Music in Barcelona and the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil.

title: Sonology


text:
Department of Finance Canada

The Department of Finance Canada (Ministère des Finances Canada) is a central agency of the Government of Canada. The department assists the minister of finance in developing the government's fiscal framework and advises the government on economic and financial issues. A principal role of the department is assisting the government in the development of its annual budget.

The department is responsible to Parliament through the minister of finance (Chrystia Freeland since August 2020, concurrently serving as the deputy prime minister of Canada) and the associate minister of finance (Randy Boissonnault since October 2021, concurrently serving as the minister of tourism). The day-to-day operations of the department are directed by the deputy minister of finance (a public servant). Michael Sabia served as deputy minister until his departure to head Hydro-Québec in May 2023.

The department is headquartered in the James Michael Flaherty Building in downtown Ottawa at the corner of Elgin and Albert.

Branches and sub-agencies
The department is divided into several branches: Some of the sub-agencies under the Department include:
 * Economic Policy Branch
 * Fiscal Policy Branch
 * Economic Development and Corporate Finance Branch
 * Federal-Provincial Relations and Social Policy Branch
 * Financial Sector Policy Branch
 * International Trade and Finance Branch
 * Tax Policy Branch
 * Law Branch
 * Corporate Services Branch
 * Consultations and Communications Branch
 * Bank of Canada
 * CPP Investment Board
 * Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions
 * Financial Consumer Agency of Canada
 * Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada
 * Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation
 * Canada Development Investment Corporation
 * Royal Canadian Mint

Related legislation
Acts and legislations under the Department:
 * Income Tax Act
 * Federal-Provincial Fiscal Arrangements Act
 * Customs Act
 * Customs Tariff Act
 * Excise Act
 * Excise Tax Act
 * Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act
 * Income Tax Conventions Interpretation Act
 * Payment Clearing and Settlement Act
 * Financial Administration Act
 * Special Import Measures Act
 * Bretton Woods and Related Agreements Act
 * European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Agreement Act

title: Department of Finance Canada