text:
Talk:BLT

Old discussions
I have never heard this before, is this an American thing? I like BLT and I am not allergic to red meat. Google can find no other references to this. Edward

 * me neither, jimfbleak 09:30 24 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * I removed the sentence Edward 15:46, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Bacon (pork) is technically red meat. —jiy (talk) 07:06, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

 * No, Red and White meat are culinary definaintions and meat from pigs is White meat Dainamo (talk) 14:40, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

Britain
Just a quick comment to say that BLT sandwiches in Britain are quite often served on wholemeal bread rather than white. Loganberry (Talk) 00:05, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Sadly to say, but here in America, most people tend to prefer the foods that are less natural. Take for example, all the fast food chains. In a highly populated city, it can almost be said that you'll never be more than a block away from fast food places. The low prices, the ease, and the marketing convince people to take the white bread over the whole wheat. 69.208.173.93 06:12, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

I just wanted to say that I can't believe this wasn't an article before and how glad I am that someone created it :) Isopropyl 04:51, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

At least in Britain, I've never heard of a BLT with cheese in it... Is this something special in the US (or elsewhere)? EAi 15:27, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

I've never heard of putting cheese on a BLT, seems like its a personal preference. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.220.238.174 (talk) 23:59, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I've been making or ordering BLTs for over fifty (50) years. Personally I prefer the bread toasted and I like both whole wheat and white, I just decide what I want at the time and Ive never been to a restaurant in the US where I have not been offered whole wheat. The person above in red is just passing along European propaganda about Americans. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.32.11.192 (talk) 14:43, 16 April 2012 (UTC)

YouTube links
This article is one of thousands on Wikipedia that have a link to YouTube in it. Based on the External links policy, most of these should probably be removed. I'm putting this message here, on this talk page, to request the regular editors take a look at the link and make sure it doesn't violate policy. In short: 1. 99% of the time YouTube should not be used as a source. 2. We must not link to material that violates someones copyright. If you are not sure if the link on this article should be removed or you would like to help spread this message contact us on this page. Thanks, ---J.S (t|c) 03:26, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

Cut out the TLB Salad invented by some dude on Food Network; put it on his page if you have to.
This should be on Alton Brown's page, or on the Good Eats page.

 * In an episode of Good Eats, Alton Brown declared that a BLT is too difficult to eat as a sandwich, and constructed a salad of bacon, lettuce, cherry and grape tomatoes, and croutons with a vinaigrette dressing. He also dubbed it a TLB, claiming that the tomatoes are the real feature of the dish.

--Phant 04:03, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

BLTs are British?
I'm not convinced. Is there something you could cite to support this claim? Bigpeteb 04:46, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
 * They eat plenty of them in the US. So whether it's a British sandwich or not it's also an American sandwich.  I'll look for any appropriate categories to add.  Wikidemo 23:55, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
 * The term BLT appears in US publications from the mid-1980s. "I could make four BLT's from one slice" Philadelphia Inquirer 1986.  "The food is classic short-order fare... a BLT" LA Times 1986.  "Instead of cheeseburgers, they've gotten chicken sandwiches and a BLT" Chicago Tribune 1986.  Prior to that blt is an abbreviation of 'built' in property ads.  Capitalised it makes a brief appearance in 1983 as the official name for the US/French Battalion Landing Team (building) attacked in Lebanon. Hakluyt bean (talk) 04:04, 7 January 2012 (UTC)

In Popular Culture
Okay, my vote is to keep this section. It is interesting and adds to the article. It's not just a random "Trivia" section in my oppinion, and lots of articles have "In Popular Culture" sections. Captain Phoebus 17:17, 9 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I looked it over and don't see anything there that's terribly helpful or illustrative of the sandwich. Nothing anyone needs to know to understand the subject.  Wikidemo 23:54, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Lettuce and Tomato Sandwich
This could be included as a variant, it's essentially the same sandwich, just without the bacon. I will add it if there are no objections.--RLent (talk) 17:29, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

Article subjected to Vandalism
Entire article was deleted and Pornographic links were put instead, by an anonymous user. Any admins please make note of this, and carry out ip-banning measures. The ip is 85.92.73.245 (talk) 18:46, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Second Most Popular
The article mentions the BLT’s ordinal rank of popular sandwiches. If the BLT is second most popular, it would be helpful to say which sandwich beats it. For example, if someone were doing some research on what to put on a menu. Synetech (talk) 12:34, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

 * The source appears to be unreliable and has been tagged as such. I suggest deletion. I find it hard to believe that the peanut butter and jelly sandwich isn't more popular than both the BLT and ham sandwich in the US. Weetoddid (talk) 15:36, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Proposed move
Per WP:LEAD: "Abbreviations and acronyms are generally avoided unless the subject is almost exclusively known by its abbreviation (e.g. NATO and Laser)."

I know that the sandwich is most often referred to as a BLT, but that doesn't mean it's exclusively known as this. This article should, in my opinion, be called "Bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich". Anyone else have an opinion about this? DKqwerty (talk) 17:50, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Almost is an important qualifier. Where exactly does one draw the line between most often and almost exclusively? I say no move. -- Logotu (talk) 20:49, 29 January 2010 (UTC)

Move to delete citation 1 along with its corresponding quote.
BLTs are the second most popular sandwich in the US after ham and cheese? Whoever wrote that is full of horse poop. Burgers are clearly also sandwiches (hence the original term, "Hamburger sandwich"), and anyone with common sense can tell that burgers are WAY more commonly eaten here than BLTs. Succubus MacAstaroth (talk) 20:14, 28 July 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree. The book cited itself just cites one opinion: "according to restaurant critic John Mariani." Maybe this is regional, but where I live you hardly ever see a ham sandwich on a menu, anywhere. There shouldn't be any statement of what the most popular sandwich is without a citation backing it up with some kind of survey or poll. --Ericjs (talk) 19:57, 22 August 2017 (UTC)

Proposal to merge "BLA" here
I propose the article Bacon, Lettuce, and_Avocado be merged with this one. That article is short, the differences are insignificant. and I believe there is little room for development. Despite living in Philly, I've never even heard of the baseball playoff reference.

Further, a surprising number of people probably stumble onto that page because it is the first disambiguation listing for the search query, "bla".

If we want to move this to the 'BLA'page, there needs to be a lot more done with that page to make it more informative. —Preceding unsigned comment added by DTBH (talk • contribs) 07:07, 16 August 2010 (UTC)

I would prefer it be merged with bacon sandwich as it is a type of bacon sandwich not a variant of the BLT. Weetoddid (talk) 00:47, 17 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree with the original proposer that it be merged into BLT (sandwich), it's more closely related. -- œ ™ 03:30, 29 August 2010 (UTC)

Lina Morales lawsuit
The article does not say what the outcome was. Michael Hardy (talk) 21:26, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

A time when US consumers eat a lot of BLT...
Regarding "Summer is traditionally a time when US consumers eat a lot of BLT" - now that we've went through the BRRD phase ;-) I'd posit that the statement isn't relevant as used anyway. The full quote is "There are several underlying reasons why pork prices might be high at the moment. (one such reason) Summer is traditionally a time when US consumers eat a lot of BLT – or bacon, lettuce and tomato – sandwiches, causing stockpiles of pork to fall." (emphasis and portion in parens are mine). Without more detail, it's simply a vague example of a possible cause with no indication given to the importance of that cause. So, quality of the cite aside, I don't see how/why such should be included in the article using that cite. It's (per its own wording) rather non-definitive and vague. Best, Rob R OBERT M FROM LI | TK/CN  19:26, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I'm with that also. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, and the idea that U.S. sandwich eaters could drive up the price of pork at certain times of the year is a plainly extraordinary claim, and the Telegraph, which may be a fine source for most purposes, is not well known for its detailed and well-regarded analysis of porcine economics.  If the statement is to be included, I'd like to see something more firm, in terms of specific expertise in this area, simply because the claim is, on the face, so unusual and unlikely, it would require a higher level of support in terms of source material than most statements.  -- Jayron  32  19:48, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Fair enough - I can certainly see that point of view ... I'll have a look for something firmer.  WormTT   ·  (talk) 19:51, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I've got some additional thoughts. I believe the pork prices change is a given it seems. I am thinking, what's needed is an expansion on the statement (albeit also using other sources), such as (details fabricated): "Besides other factors, such as outbreaks of swine fluand pigs being used for florescent dye research, an increased consumption of BLTs has contributed to the stockpiles of pork to fall". So, my suggestion isn't just a stronger source or sources, but a better use of those sources as well. As much as I LOVE bacon, we of course can't create wording that overstates what effect people like me cause to the market. Best, Rob R OBERT M FROM LI | TK/CN  19:57, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, but we should be detailed in that case. Lets say (completely made up numbers) that U.S. BLT eaters account for 1% of the price change. What would that mean, and would it even be worth mentioning. The vague statement "besides other factors" doesn't indicate how much each factor counts, and if "other factors" account for 99% of the difference is MUCH different than if "other factors" account for, say, 60% of the difference. Even if we report the data (which I'm kinda 50/50 on at this point), we should provide a better level of detail than the vague statements currently proposed, which may lead the reader to draw the wrong conclusion about the magnitude of the effect (presuming it even exists, pending good sources which say it does). -- Jayron  32  20:01, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
 * It certainly does seem like we need something with hard evidence - mentioning the other factors. I expect if I find sufficient high quality information, it could well be incorporated to a few other articles. I've started a bit of research and might need to pop out to the library. May well take me a few days, but thanks for the pointers.  WormTT   ·  (talk) 20:33, 26 November 2011 (UTC)

Just a quick look through some online sources do confirm the idea of seasonal bacon prices Perhaps a rewrite of the sentence to say - The popularity of BLT sandwiches is shown by the seasonal high demand and consequential rise in price of bacon during the summer, a period which coincides with tomato season. - I'd appreciate any thoughts. WormTT  ·  (talk) 21:15, 26 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Bloomberg explains that the prices rise during the summer months, as it is tomato season and more people in the mid west eat BLTs.
 * The Guardian (for Prince Edward Island) also mentions it, but in less detail
 * Time magazine too mentions a link between tomato season and higher bacon sales.
 * Interestingly, this theory has been around for a while. Mentioned in "Reading Eagle" in 1992 - and is even discussed as the "BLT factor" in two text books which discuss trading in futures. Seems to be a relatively accepted fact.   WormTT   ·  (talk) 21:32, 26 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Nobody denies that there are seasonal prices in bacon. That was not the claim you put on the Main Page or that appeared for months (surviving this article's GA review!).
 * This article stated that BLTs increased the price of pork---pork, not bacon. Yesterday, you reinserted the claim about pork prices into the article.  Kiefer .Wolfowitz 04:31, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * @WTT/David
 * I linked pork cycle yesterday on my RfA guide, which discusses the BLT DYK.
 * You are confusing a pork cycle with a bacon cycle, again: Your first sources were discussing pork cycles. In economics, the traditional model appeared in a 1928 paper in Germany, which did not discuss the BLT-eating habits of American consumers,  which is noted in our article on pork cycle.  In economics, the pork cycle has been attributed to farmers raising more pigs when prices are high; the increased supply then decreases prices, which causes a decrease in pig production. In general, the hog cycle is not annual, because it is driven by farmers' adaptive behavior and constrained by the breeding abilities of pigs.   Kiefer .Wolfowitz 04:49, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm OK with citing the multiple sources, and not stretching the significance to more than the sources indicate. But it looks like this has been reported in multiple, reliable sources. -- Jayron  32  04:33, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Read what I wrote. Pork cycles are not bacon cycles. An adult pig has a fat layer of c. 6 inches around him (castrated). Belly fat is only part of the products of a pig. (I thought I was a city boy.)  Kiefer .Wolfowitz 04:49, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Indeed, the first source clarifies how little of the pig is used in bacon. It discusses hog bellies, which can be frozen for the increased summer demand for bacon, not pork. The GA status was granted and DYK appeared with the claim about pork prices! (That newspaper is unreliable.)  Kiefer .Wolfowitz 04:56, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Two issues 1) I don't see where the new sentence mentions it; the sources that WTT has provided indicate changes in bacon prices due to BLT consumption, and it is so referenced in multiple, reliable sources. I don't really see where what used to be written here matters at all, and the pork cycle isn't being mentioned in the new proposed sentence. 2) I have no idea how this text has anything at all to do with RFA and DYK... It seems completely nonsequitur to bring up unrelated and inconsequential matters of Wikipedia politics when discussing article text, and it would be nice if you could focus on the current text at hand, rather than trying to bring up unrelated matters for which I have no idea why it should matter. -- Jayron  32  04:58, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I wrote something similar below. But first we must stop the confusion of pork and bacon prices. Citing a futures-market theory textbook does not inspire confidence in me; they don't seem to cite any agricultural or econometric studies. (A partial-equilbrium analysis suggests some effect; a nontrivial/extraodinary effect is what has been suggested in this article.) You might ask for help at the economics WikiProject. Kiefer .Wolfowitz 05:16, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Kiefer, I am afraid we are crossing wires here. I am still confused by the nature and cause of your objection.  I think I understand it a bit better, but it is still confusing to me what you are objecting to:
 * Do you object to the old text which mentioned pork cycles? Or
 * Do you object to the new text which mentions bacon prices?
 * The new references provided above seem to indicate a BLT connection to bacon prices, and occur in multiple sources. Could you explain what specifically you object to?  Is it something said in the source texts cited above which is incorrect, or what?  Details, and language, for people who are not agricultural economists would be helpful in explaining the problem.  I am not unintelligent, but I also don't know the jargon of that field all that well.  -- Jayron  32  05:24, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I tried to focus discussion below. David's suggested language is an improvement, although I missed the green small print on first reading, and he then cited this hog cycle discussion.
 * If we focus on that suggestion, or what I wrote below, things will go better. Kiefer .Wolfowitz 05:35, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * OK, then could you propose an addition to the article based on the above sources? All indicate an effect from BLTs, perhaps if you could propose something, we could have a way forward.  Like, some actual text you think needs to be added based on the above sources.  It needn't be a sentence or more, deep agri-economic theory is likely outside of the scope of this particular article, but a sentence or so which captures the essence of the conclusions of the above sources regarding the effect of BLTs on whatever it is they have an effect on.  -- Jayron  32  05:40, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I think that we have consensus on some common-sense conclusions: That BLTs become more popular because of tomato season(s), exemplifying complementarity in consumption; if WTT still feels inspired, perhaps he can find an econometric study whose authors would let us plot time-series data on tomato & bacon prices? There may be a price-increase in bacon, whose estimated size should be stated, with a citation to a RS. (Partial-equilibrium discussions of toy problems, which are used to teach micro principles, should not be confused with empirical economics.) Frozen hog-bellies help meet the bacon demand. (We don't have any RS stating that BLTS influence hog prices, except negligibly.)
 * I would be happy to look at the article later. I don't have time to hunt for articles. (We are lucky that agricultural economics has long been the most empirical field of economics, at least until Swedes started using labor-market registers !) Kiefer .Wolfowitz 07:08, 27 November 2011 (UTC)

Well this has been an interesting night on the talk page. I feel the sentence is necessary as it clearly demonstrates the popularity of the sandwich - to the extent that it directly affects the price of the commodity, bacon. I've found 4 reliable sources which demonstrate that, which I'm happy to weave into the "green" sentence. The other sources were more for the interest of the talk page readers, to show further that BLTs are considered in future trading and the theory has been arond for a while. I'm open to rewording the sentence further and would be interested in any other opinions on how it should fit neutrally into the article. I should point out that KW does not think very highly of me due to a recent RfC I had to start regarding his behaviour and that I personally doubt his good faith in this matter, so I would like to see more comments from other editors. WormTT  ·  (talk) 08:53, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * WTT,
 * Regarding this article, you should ask an economist for a graph to illustrate a plausible relation between bacon prices and tomato prices, if you wish to have this article satisfy the "appropriately illustrated" criterion of GA status. If you send me a file with the data, I can produce a graph for you.
 * Honestly, I never "thought very highly of" you, because I've read your articles and your discussions at the RfA. You might try to discuss "lowliness" with some Quakers or (but you had better hurry) some Shakers, if such worries be troublesome.
 * Since your partisan summoning by your friend at ANI, I have in fact had an accurate estimation of you. I predicted that you would run for ArbCom, simply because I have witnessed student-government politicians in action before, even after their glory days.
 * Sincerely Kiefer .Wolfowitz 09:58, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Well, since this article is outside your normal area of interest and you so clearly editing it to take issue with me, my lack of good faith seems reasonable. I'm not interested in your opinion of me Kiefer.Wolfowitz, it matters not to me. Once this discussion is finished, I will happily go back to paying you no heed. I would like to see the information re-included in the article, and I would like to hear the views of editors who do not appear to be basing their opinion of the text on their opinion of me.  WormTT   ·  (talk) 10:16, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * WTT,
 * I caught your error, and have tried to find references for your assertion, and found none: Check the Google searches on the AC guide, if you want. I provided references to the pork cycle, to help you. I've offered to create a graph for you, if you give me data.
 * To benchmark yourself, what have you ever done after attacking my edits at Penn Kemble, etc.? Nothing. And you complain that I'm personalizing this?
 * Kiefer .Wolfowitz 10:29, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Just because you could not find references does not mean there are none, as I said this is not your area of expertise. In fact, it did not take me long to find 7 extra references which allude to this fact and I have no doubt there are more. There is no need for a graph, this article is about the sandwich and discussing the complicated cycles of agriculture stock markets should not be done here - it would be giving the topic undue weight. I have established that the popularity of the sandwiches is significant enough to cause a blip in the price of bacon during the tomato season, which should be sufficient for the sentence which I have suggested above. I'd understand and accept your view (you will note that I have not put the sentence back in), now I'd like to hear someone else.
 * Regarding Penn Kemble, wholly irrelevent to this discussion, please read what I wrote on your talk page a month ago, after which I removed your talk page from my watchlist. I've not interacted with you since.  WormTT   ·  (talk) 10:43, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Ok, then... back to the topic at hand. I see a lot of mention of pork bellies in the cites. While not perhaps common knowledge, bacon in the United States (which is where we are discussing for this tidbit) is pork belly derived. Do we have to make a "US bacon is pork bellies" connection even though it is spelled out elsewhere? I'll be back in a bit... reading through the references posted here (and trying to finish some paying work). Best, R OBERT M FROM LI | TK/CN  20:25, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * This article even with some level of ambiguity, seems to mention most of what we are talking about. And when it comes to commodity trading, I'd posit that exact correlations aren't going to be found. The markets don't seem to work that way - which is the reason why various commodities can be artificially driven up by speculators. Nonetheless, such seems to usually be considered noteworthy even without tons of charts pointing out statistical correlations (that can't be made due to speculators artificially controlling prices). I'd say there is no onus on us to determine such reasons and motives when often, those who drive these markets, are never clear with their reasonings for doing such. Best, R OBERT M FROM LI | TK/CN  20:30, 27 November 2011 (UTC)

Suggested addition
I've written up my suggested addition to the popularity section.

reading the discussion above, there does appear to be local consensus (with one editor objecting). I'd appreciate it if someone could add this sentance into the article, but if there's no objections in the next 24 hours, I'll do it myself. KW, if you still find this text significantly objectionable, let me know and I'll start up an RfC to get more eyes on the situation. WormTT  ·  (talk) 11:16, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Support: The above sentence is directly supported by multiple, reliable sources. The discussion about the mechanics of commodities trading and deep agronomical analysis steered this discussion well afield of the scope of this article, which is, after all, about a sandwich.  The above sentence appears, from the sources, to be factually correct and solidly verfiable through multiple reliable sources.  Good stuff.  -- Jayron  32  14:29, 28 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Before voting, some discussion may be useful. Your text's style and its accuracy can be improved.

Kiefer .Wolfowitz 17:40, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Support that too. -- Jayron  32  18:04, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks Jayron, but we must choose one among them (or others). Do you agree that mine has better style and is more faithful to the sources? Kiefer .Wolfowitz 19:00, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
 * No need for rivalry here KW, your version incorporates all the information I would like to see in the article - I'm happy with that. And since there's no objections to it, would you like to put it in, or should I?  WormTT   ·  (talk) 19:02, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Why don't you go ahead. I would probably rewrite it again! Kiefer .Wolfowitz 19:58, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Yeah for collaboration! Wikipedia works!  -- Jayron  32  23:14, 28 November 2011 (UTC)

Dealing with the problem
The DYK and GA issues can be discussed in other fora.Here, we should focus on fixing the article.

This is the keypoint:
 * Suppliers/Distributors freeze (how much) hog bellies.
 * Frozen hog bellies help to meet the increased demand for bacon, which used to occur with yearly tomato harvests.
 * At harvest time, tomato prices fall and tomato quality improves, and consumers would like to make BLTs.

BLTs have negligible impact on pork prices, and nobody seriously blames increased pork prices on BLTs. There may well be seasonalities in the bacon market; that is a separate issue than the DYK claim. The impact of hydroponics and international tomato production probably have reduced the (?) yearly tomato-driven jiggle in bacon prices. Kiefer .Wolfowitz 05:08, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, and the proposed re-addition above doesn't mention pork prices, only bacon prices, as do the refs, so I am uncertain why you are objecting to it at this juncture? -- Jayron  32  05:10, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Multiple statements confused bacon and pork, for example, e.g. WTT's citing the pork-cycle literature as evidence of a bacon cycle. As I wrote right above your comment, it may be appropriate to discuss a bacon spike, if reliable sources can be found.  Agricultural-economics journals are more reliable than suburban weekly newspapers.  Kiefer .Wolfowitz 05:22, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Indeed, this would be a nice example of complementary goods in consumer theory. But it seems that tomato harvests drive any cycle, if WTT's comment and my intuition agree with the truth. Maybe a LISREL path diagram model can be supplied? Kiefer .Wolfowitz 05:24, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Could we keep this discussion together above. I think we're bifurcating the discussion unecessarily here, and it is getting hard to keep it together.  -- Jayron  32  05:26, 27 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Jayoon, WTT did cite a hog-cycle example immediately after the improved language, so I was trying to correct parts of your "the proposed re-addition above doesn't mention pork prices, only bacon prices, as do the refs"

Perplexed
Here's why. Lengthy article, but I'm thinking BLT is an acronym for 'bacon lettuce tomato' and only appears where sandwiches containing predominately those ingredients are advertised for sale, for example on a menu, on the label of a sandwich wrapper, or in a newspaper advertisement. Other than that, so far as I can tell, there is no canonical BLT, neither are there BLTs. BLT is an acronym in a commercial context and relates to sandwiches. A lot of the article seems to concern itself with different ways to make sandwiches containing bacon, lettuce and tomato. All very yummy. However, I think people were sticking bacon, lettuce and tomato between slices of bread long before someone in a hurry wrote BLT on a menu. Hakluyt bean (talk) 03:52, 7 January 2012 (UTC)
 * If you have other subjects which use the acronym BLT and need their own article, you could write them by following the instructions at Disambiguation. Articles are each supposed to be about a single subject, not every possible use of the title.  -- Jayron  32  04:28, 7 January 2012 (UTC)

"Controversial" egg?
The reference link for the line about eggs goes to a one-sentence personal blog post. With no comments. It seems vastly insufficient to warrant being included in the article at all, let alone being portrayed as a matter of controversy. Gonna cut it. Spark240 (talk) 20:27, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

what about mayo?
there is much mention of mayonnaise. the first mention is that UK substituted a low fat mayo. so it is inferred that indeed, a BLT has 5 ingredients, not just 4.

jmarcv — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.92.157.252 (talk) 01:51, 20 June 2013 (UTC)
 * You are absolutely right, the mayonnaise was removed by an IP recently, I've replaced it. Worm TT( talk ) 07:45, 20 June 2013 (UTC)

"Bacon" - region variations?
Is the "streaky" or "American style" bacon the standard, or is it subject to regional bacon variation such as "back" or "peameal" bacon? Someone should probably add something on that if there is. -- 24.212.139.102 (talk) 22:27, 19 June 2014 (UTC)

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Toasted?
I was surprised to see the suggestion here that BLTs may be toasted sandwiches. I have always known them as being on a fresh role, or even an un-toasted sandwich. Who the hell wants toasted lettuce, anyway. In Ireland, I have several times been given a "toasted BLT" that appears to have some horrid green slime inside that was probably once lettuce. TonyP (talk) 13:37, 4 December 2019 (UTC)

2004 New Statesman report
Have any other sources ever reported that Tony Blair's choice of BLT as his favorite sandwich "is loaded with political symbolism" Is the source enough for content about a living politician? I'm leaning towards removing this as non-encyclopedic gossipy trivia. Spudlace (talk) 04:52, 20 May 2021 (UTC)

BLT dub for Dragon Ball Z
What's the abbreviation to that? Alexkrzywicki1 (talk) 17:54, 20 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:BLT


text:
Germanite

Germanite is a rare copper iron germanium sulfide mineral, Cu26Fe4Ge4S32. It was first discovered in 1922, and named for its germanium content. It is only a minor source of this important semiconductor element, which is mainly derived from the processing of the zinc sulfide mineral sphalerite. Germanite contains gallium, zinc, molybdenum, arsenic, and vanadium as impurities.

Its type locality is the Tsumeb Mine in Namibia where it occurs in a hydrothermal polymetallic ore deposit in dolomite in association with renierite, pyrite, tennantite, enargite, galena, sphalerite, digenite, bornite and chalcopyrite. It has also been reported from Argentina, Armenia, Bulgaria, Cuba, Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire), Finland, France, Greece, Japan, Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), Russia and the United States.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Germanite


text:
Chiniquodon

Chiniquodon is an extinct genus of carnivorous cynodonts, which lived during the Late Triassic (Carnian) in South America (Argentina and Brazil) and Africa (Namibia and Madagascar). Chiniquodon was closely related to the genus Aleodon, and close to the ancestry of mammals.

Other contemporaries included early dinosaurs. As both groups filled a similar ecological niche, fairly large therapsid hunters such as Chiniquodon may have been outcompeted by dinosaurs.

Classification
Chiniquodon theotonicus, the type species, is from the Santa Maria Formation, Brazil and Chañares Formation, Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, northwestern Argentina. This species is known from a number of skulls. The holotype is in the paleontological collection at Tübingen University, Germany.

Chiniquodon kitchingi, from the Santa Maria Formation of Brazil, was described in 1982 by A. M. Sá-Teixeira based on a single skull missing the lower jaw. When first described, it was assigned to the genus Probelesodon, but was reassigned to Chiniquodon in a 1995 paper by Fernando Abdala, as the type species of Probelesodon (P. lewisi) was found to be a junior synonym of C. theotonicus. A 2002 paper by Abdala and Norberto P. Giannini went even further by synonymising C. kitchingi with C. theotonicus. In 2023 the type material of C. kitchingi was redescribed by Hoffmann et al., who found it to be a valid species of Chiniquodon.

Chiniquodon sanjuanensis is from the Cancha de Bochas Member of the Ischigualasto Formation, Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, northwestern Argentina. It was originally assigned to the genus Probelesodon, but was reassigned to Chiniquodon in 2002. It is differentiated from C. theotonicus because of its teeth and the shape of the zygomatic process. Chiniquodon kalanoro is from the Isalo II Formation, Madagascar. This species is known from a mandible (holotype UA 10607).

Chiniquodon omaruruensis is from the Omingonde Formation of Namibia. It is known from a single specimen (GSN F315), consisting of a complete skull and parts of the postcranial skeleton.

title: Chiniquodon


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Zola Budd

Zola Budd (also known as Zola Pieterse; born 26 May 1966) is a South African middle-distance and long-distance runner. She competed at the 1984 Olympic Games for Great Britain and the 1992 Olympic Games for South Africa, both times in the 3000 metres. In 1984 (unratified) and 1985, she broke the world record in the 5000 metres. She was also a two-time winner at the World Cross Country Championships (1985–1986). Budd mainly trained and raced barefoot. Her mile best of 4:17.57 in 1985 stood as the British record for 38 years until Laura Muir ran 4:15.24 on 21 July 2023.

She returned to South Africa in 1989, and represented South Africa at the 1992 Summer Olympics. She moved with her family to South Carolina, USA in 2008; and competed at marathons and ultramarathons. She moved back to South Africa in 2020–2021.

5000 metres world record
Budd, who was born in Bloemfontein, Orange Free State, South Africa, achieved fame in early 1984, at the age of 17, when she broke the 5000 m world record with a time of 15:01.83. Since her performance took place in South Africa, then excluded from international athletics competition because of its segregation policy, the International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF) refused to ratify Budd's time as an official world record.

In 1985, she claimed the world record officially, while representing Great Britain, clocking 14:48.07.

Arrival in Britain
The Daily Mail, a British tabloid newspaper, persuaded Budd's father to encourage her to apply for registration as a British citizen, on the grounds that her grandfather was British, to circumvent the international sporting boycott of South Africa, so that she could compete in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. With a strong push from the Daily Mail, registration as a British citizen was granted in short order and she moved to Guildford. Her application and arrival was controversial due to her acquiring a passport so quickly. Groups supporting the abolition of apartheid campaigned to highlight the rapid treatment she received; applicants for naturalisation typically had to wait years for their applications to be considered.

Shortly afterwards, Budd was forced to pull out of a 1500 metres race in Crawley, Sussex, when the town council withdrew their invitation at short notice. The race was part of the inaugural event for the town's new Bewbush Leisure Centre and Mayor Alf Pegler said members of the council had expressed misgivings that the local significance of the event would be overshadowed by "political connotations and anti-apartheid demonstrators".

She ran her first competitive race on the cinder track at Central Park in Dartford, Kent, covering 3000 m in 9:02.6 in a race shown live on the BBC's Grandstand. She ran in further races in Britain, including the UK Championships 1500 m (won in 4:04) and the 3000 m in the UK Olympic trials, which she won in 8:40, earning a place on the British Olympic team. In the 2000 m at Crystal Palace in July 1984 she set a new world record of 5:33.15. Commenting during the race for the BBC, David Coleman exclaimed, "The message will now be flashed around the world – Zola Budd is no myth."

In Britain, Budd trained at Aldershot, Farnham and District Athletics Club.

1984 Olympic 3000 metres
In the 1984 Olympics, held in Los Angeles, California, the media billed the 3000 m race as a duel between Budd and world champion Mary Decker of USA. However, experts expected that Decker's main competition would be Romanian Maricica Puică, who had set the fastest time that year.

Decker set a fast pace from the gun with Budd in close pursuit, followed by Puică and Britain's Wendy Sly. When the pace slowed just past the midway point, Budd took the lead on the straight and ran wide of the pack around the turn. Setting the pace, she took herself, Decker, Sly and Puică clear of the pack. Running as a group was an unusual situation for Budd and Decker, both of whom were used to running in front and well ahead of other competitors.

At 1700 metres, the first collision occurred. Decker came into contact with one of Budd's legs, knocking Budd slightly off balance. However, both women maintained their close position. Five strides on, at race time of 4:58, Budd and Decker again made contact, with Budd's left foot brushing Decker's thigh, causing Budd to lose her balance and sending her into Decker's path. Decker's spiked running shoe came down hard into Budd's ankle, just above the heel, drawing blood. Videotapes later examined by Olympic officials showed Budd visibly in pain. However, she maintained equilibrium and kept stride.

Decker stepped on Budd; then, shortly after, she collided with the British runner and fell to the curb, injuring her hip. The fall ended her race, and she was carried off the track in tears by her boyfriend (and later, husband), British discus thrower Richard Slaney.

Budd, deeply affected by the occurrence, continued to lead for a while, but faded, finishing seventh. Her finishing time of 8:48 was well outside her best of 8:37. Budd tried to apologise to Decker in the tunnel after the race, but Decker was upset, and replied, "Don’t bother!" Puică won, with Sly second, and Canada's Lynn Williams third.

An International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) jury found that she was not responsible for the collision. Decker said many years after the event: "The reason I fell, some people think she tripped me deliberately. I happen to know that wasn't the case at all. The reason I fell is because I am and was very inexperienced in running in a pack."

In general, it is the trailing athlete's responsibility to avoid contact with the runner ahead; whether or not Budd had sufficient control of the race to have pulled into the curve as she did was hotly disputed. "This doesn't mean," track journalist Kenny Moore wrote in the aftermath, "that a leader can swerve in with impunity, but that in the give and take of pack running, athletes learn to make allowances." At first the US media sided with Decker, while the British press supported Budd.

In 2002, the moment was ranked 93rd in Channel 4's 100 Greatest Sporting Moments. On an episode of Celebrity Come Dine with Me, Budd stated that she had never seen footage of the collision. Budd and Decker later reunited for a 2016 documentary about the incident, The Fall.

International competition
Budd competed internationally for the UK in 1985 and 1986. In February 1985, she was World Cross Country Champion (beating Ingrid Kristiansen), but then went on to several track defeats. The most significant of these was her rematch with Mary Decker-Slaney at Crystal Palace in July 1985, in which she finished fourth, some 13 seconds behind Decker-Slaney.

Budd's form improved significantly after this race, however, as she then went on to break the UK and Commonwealth records for the 1500 m (in 3:59.96), the mile (4:17.57), the 3000m (8:28.83) and the 5000m (14:48.07). This last reduced the world record by ten seconds. She was also victor in the European Cup 3000m. Her best times in the 1500m, mile run and 3000m were set in races with Decker-Slaney and Maricica Puică. Budd finished third in all three races, with Decker-Slaney and Puică consistently coming first and second, respectively.

1986 began with a defence of her World Cross Country title and a world indoor 3000m record of 8:39.79. However, after a couple of victories in fast early season times over 1500m (4:01.93) and 3000m (8:34.72), her outdoor track season brought several defeats by athletes she should have beaten easily. She competed in both the 1500m and 3000m at the European Championships but did not win a medal in either, finishing 9th and 4th, respectively. It later emerged that Budd was suffering a painful leg injury for much of the season; she did not compete in 1987 as she sought treatment for this.

Suspension, return to South Africa and marriage
In 1988, Budd began to compete again with a handful of cross-country runs. However, several African nations claimed she had competed in an event in South Africa and insisted she be suspended from competition. Budd said she only attended the event and did not compete. The International Amateur Athletics Federation upheld this charge and suspended Budd, at which point she returned to South Africa, and retired from international competition for several years.

In 1989, Budd married Mike Pieterse. The couple have three children, daughter Lisa and twins, Azelle and Mike. Also in 1989, Budd published her autobiography, Zola (co-written with Hugh Eley).

On her return to South Africa, Budd began racing again. She had an excellent season in 1991 and was the second-fastest woman in the world over 3000m. Following South Africa's re-admission to international sport, she competed in the 3000m at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona but did not qualify for the final. In 1993, she finished fourth at the World Cross Country championships but would never translate this form on to the track.

Budd remains the holder of numerous British and South African records at junior and senior levels, and still holds two junior world records: the mile and 3000m.

Relocation to U.S.
Following allegations of her husband having an affair, Budd, under her married name Pieterse, and her three children relocated to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, US, in August 2008; her husband joined them later. She initially had a two-year visa that allowed her to compete on the US masters' circuit. She raced in the South Carolina division of USA Track and Field, winning the women's division of the Dasani Half-Marathon during Bi-Lo Myrtle Beach Marathon on 14 February 2009 with a time of 1:20:41.

On 12 January 2012, she announced her participation in the 2012 edition of the nearly 90 km Comrades (ultra)Marathon which was held on 3 June 2012. She would also participate in the Two Oceans Marathon during the Easter weekend of 2012 as she trained towards the Comrades Marathon which she ended up finishing in 8:06:09 (she was the 37th female finisher), earning a Bill Rowan Medal. Although she planned to also run the Comrades in 2013 she withdrew due to illness.

In June 2014, Budd entered the Comrades again, hoping for an overall silver medal and for a time under 7 hours 30 minutes (7:30:00). Budd beat her time target, finishing with a time of 6:55:55 and earning a gold medal for a top 10 finish as well as a gold medal as the 1st 'veteran' (senior) finisher while coming in as the 7th female finisher overall (the first six being at least 10 years her junior). Budd dedicated her 2014 Comrades run to South African teacher Pierre Korkie, held captive in Yemen by Al-Qaeda for one year. She was stripped of her 'veteran' gold medal (but not of her cash prize for finishing 7th overall) following accusations that she did not display a small age category tag on her running vest, in addition to the veteran designation already displayed on her running bib. Budd and her coach pointed out that the veteran gold medal and silver medal were then given to two runners who also did not have the small age category tag on their running vests, and announced in September 2014 that they had started court proceedings against the Comrades Marathon Association to have her veteran win reinstated.

In March 2015, Budd won the Run Hard Columbia (SC) Marathon in a time of 3:05:27.

As of July 2020, she was an Assistant Cross Country and Girls Track Coach at Conway High School in Conway, South Carolina; and volunteered as assistant coach at Coastal Carolina University, also in Conway.

She moved back to South Africa in 2021.

Cultural impact
In South Africa today, township taxis are nicknamed "Zola Budd" for their speed. The singer Brenda Fassie (whom Time magazine called "the Madonna of the townships" in 2001) had a hit single in the 1980s with her track "Zola Budd". On 20 July 2012 BBC Radio 4 broadcast a play by Richard Monks about the political and media actions taken to bring Zola Budd to Britain with her father at the age of 17, the script implying she was unwilling and homesick.

title: Zola Budd


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Yang Chen-Ning

Yang Chen-Ning or Chen-Ning Yang (born 1 October 1922), also known as C. N. Yang or by the English name Frank Yang, is a Chinese theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to statistical mechanics, integrable systems, gauge theory, and both particle physics and condensed matter physics. He and Tsung-Dao Lee received the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on parity non-conservation of weak interaction. The two proposed that the conservation of parity, a physical law observed to hold in all other physical processes, is violated in the so-called weak nuclear reactions, those nuclear processes that result in the emission of beta or alpha particles. Yang is also well known for his collaboration with Robert Mills in developing non-abelian gauge theory, widely known as the Yang–Mills theory.

Early life and education
Yang was born in Hefei, Anhui, China. His father, Yang Ko-Chuen (楊克純; 1896–1973), was a mathematician, and his mother, Meng Hwa Loh Yang (羅孟華), was a housewife.

Yang attended elementary school and high school in Beijing, and in the autumn of 1937 his family moved to Hefei after the Japanese invaded China. In 1938 they moved to Kunming, Yunnan, where National Southwestern Associated University was located. In the same year, as a second-year student, Yang passed the entrance examination and studied at National Southwestern Associated University. He received a Bachelor of Science in 1942, with his thesis on the application of group theory to molecular spectra, under the supervision of Ta-You Wu.

Yang continued to study graduate courses there for two years under the supervision of Wang Zhuxi, working on statistical mechanics. In 1944, he received a Master of Science from Tsinghua University, which had moved to Kunming during the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). Yang was then awarded a scholarship from the Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program, set up by the United States government using part of the money China had been forced to pay following the Boxer Rebellion. His departure for the United States was delayed for one year, during which time he taught in a middle school as a teacher and studied field theory.

Yang entered the University of Chicago in January 1946 and studied with Edward Teller. He received a Doctor of Philosophy in 1948.

Career
Yang remained at the University of Chicago for a year as an assistant to Enrico Fermi. In 1949 he was invited to do his research at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, where he began a period of fruitful collaboration with Tsung-Dao Lee. He was made a permanent member of the Institute in 1952, and full professor in 1955. In 1963, Princeton University Press published his textbook, Elementary Particles. In 1965 he moved to Stony Brook University, where he was named the Albert Einstein Professor of Physics and the first director of the newly founded Institute for Theoretical Physics. Today this institute is known as the C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics.

Yang retired from Stony Brook University in 1999, assuming the title Emeritus Professor. In 2010, Stony Brook University honored Yang's contributions to the university by naming its newest dormitory building C. N. Yang Hall.

Yang has been elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Academia Sinica, the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Royal Society. He was an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the United States National Academy of Sciences. He was awarded honorary doctorate degrees by Princeton University (1958), Moscow State University (1992), and the Chinese University of Hong Kong (1997).

Yang visited the Chinese mainland in 1971 for the first time after the thaw in China–US relations, and has subsequently worked to help the Chinese physics community rebuild the research atmosphere which was destroyed by the radical political movements during the Cultural Revolution. After retiring from Stony Brook he returned as an honorary director of Tsinghua University, Beijing, where he is the Huang Jibei-Lu Kaiqun Professor at the Center for Advanced Study (CASTU). He is also one of the two Shaw Prize Founding Members and is a Distinguished Professor-at-Large at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Yang was the first president of the Association of Asia Pacific Physical Societies (AAPPS) when it was established in 1989. In 1997 the AAPPS created the C.N. Yang Award in his honor to highlight young researchers.

Personal life
Yang married Chih-li Tu, a teacher, in 1950 and has two sons and a daughter with her: Franklin Jr., Gilbert and Eulee. His father-in-law was the Kuomintang general Du Yuming. Some scholars suspect that Du was promoted to a high-ranking position in the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in order to convince Yang to return to China after seeking refuge in the US. Tu died in October 2003, and in December 2004 the then 82-year-old Yang caused a stir by marrying the then 28-year-old Weng Fan, calling Weng the "final blessing from God". Yang formally renounced his U.S. citizenship in late 2015. On 1 October 2022, Yang became a centenarian.

Academic achievements
Yang has worked on statistical mechanics, condensed matter theory, particle physics and gauge theory/quantum field theory.

At the University of Chicago, Yang first spent twenty months working in an accelerator lab, but he later found he was not as good as an experimentalist and switched back to theory. His doctoral thesis was about angular distribution in nuclear reactions.

Yang is well known for his 1953 collaboration with Robert Mills in developing non-abelian gauge theory, widely known as the Yang–Mills theory. The idea was generally conceived by Yang, and the novice scientist Mills assisted him in this endeavor as Mills said,"'During the academic year 1953-1954, Yang was a visitor to Brookhaven National Laboratory...I was at Brookhaven also...and was assigned to the same office as Yang. Yang, who has demonstrated on a number of occasions his generosity to physicists beginning their careers, told me about his idea of generalizing gauge invariance and we discussed it at some length...I was able to contribute something to the discussions, especially with regard to the quantization procedures, and to a small degree in working out the formalism; however, the key ideas were Yang's.'" Subsequently, in the last three decades, many other prominent scientists have developed key breakthroughs to what is now known as gauge theory.

Later he worked on particle phenomenology; a well-known work was the Fermi–Yang model treating pion meson as a bound nucleon–anti-nucleon pair. In 1956, he and Tsung Dao (T.D.) Lee proposed that in the weak interaction the parity symmetry was not conserved, Chien-shiung Wu's team at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington experimentally verified the theory. Yang and Lee received the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics for their parity violation theory, which brought revolutionary change to the field of particle physics. Yang has also worked on neutrino theory with Tsung Dao (T.D.) Lee, 1957, 1959, CT nonconservation (with Tsung Dao (T.D.) Lee and R. Oheme, 1957), electromagnetic interaction of vector mesons (with Tsung Dao (T.D.) Lee, 1962), CP nonconservation with Tai Tsun Wu (1964).

In the 1970s Yang worked on the topological properties of gauge theory, collaborating with Wu Tai-Tsun to elucidate the Wu–Yang monopole. Unlike the Dirac monopole, it has no singular Dirac string. Also devised by the Wu–Yang dictionary, the Yang-Mills theory set the template for the Standard Model and modern physics in general, as well as the work towards a Grand Unified Theory; it was called by The Scientist, "the foundation for current understanding of how subatomic particles interact, a contribution which has restructured modern physics and mathematics." Yang has had a great interest in statistical mechanics since his undergraduate time. In the 1950s and 1960s, he collaborated with Tsung Dao (T.D.) Lee and Kerson Huang, etc. and studied statistical mechanics and condensed matter theory. He studied the theory of phase transition and elucidated the Lee–Yang circle theorem, properties of quantum boson liquid, two dimensional Ising model, flux quantization in superconductors (with N. Byers, 1961), and proposed the concept of Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order (ODLRO, 1962). In 1967, he found a consistent condition for a one-dimensional factorized scattering many-body system, the equation was later named the Yang–Baxter equation, it plays an important role in integrable models and has influenced several branches of physics and mathematics.

Awards and honors

 * Nobel Prize in Physics (1957)
 * Ten Outstanding Young Americans (1957)
 * Rumford Prize (1980)
 * National Medal of Science (1986)
 * Oskar Klein Memorial Lecture and Medal (1988)
 * Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences of the American Philosophical Society (1993)
 * Bower Award (1994)
 * Albert Einstein Medal (1995)
 * Lars Onsager Prize (1999)
 * King Faisal International Prize (2001)
 * C.N. Yang Hall, a residence hall and activity center at Stony Brook University, was dedicated in 2010.
 * Marcel Grossmann Awards (2015), “for deepening Einstein’s geometrical approach to physics in the best tradition of Paul Dirac and Hermann Weyl”

Selected publications

 * Collected works

 * Yang–Mills theory

 * Parity violation

 * Lee–Yang theorem

 * Byers–Yang theorem

title: Yang Chen-Ning


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Denotation

In linguistics and philosophy, the denotation of a word or expression is its strictly literal meaning. For instance, the English word "warm" denotes the property of having high temperature. Denotation is contrasted with other aspects of meaning including connotation. For instance, the word "warm" may evoke calmness, coziness, or kindness (as in the warmth of someone's personality) but these associations are not part of the word's denotation. Similarly, an expression's denotation is separate from pragmatic inferences it may trigger. For instance, describing something as "warm" often implicates that it is not hot, but this is once again not part of the word's denotation.

Denotation plays a major role in several fields. Within semantics and philosophy of language, denotation is studied as an important aspect of meaning. In mathematics and computer science, assignments of denotations are assigned to expressions are a crucial step in defining interpreted formal languages. The main task of formal semantics is to reverse engineer the computational system which assigns denotations to expressions of natural languages.

In linguistic semantics
In natural language semantics, denotations are conceived of as the outputs of the semantic component of the grammar. For example, the denotation of the word "blue" is the property of being blue and the denotation of the word "Barack Obama" is the person who goes by that name. Phrases also have denotations which are computed according to the principle of compositionality. For instance, the verb phrase "passed the class" denotes the property of having passed the class. Depending on one's particular theory of semantics, denotations may be identified either with terms' extensions, intensions, or other structures such as context change potentials.

When uttered in discourse, expressions may convey other associations which are not computed by the grammar and thus are not part of its denotation. For instance, depending on the context, saying "I ran five miles" may convey that you ran exactly five miles and not more. This content is not part of the sentence's denotation but rather pragmatic inferences arrived at by applying social cognition to its denotation.

Denotation, meaning, and reference
Linguistic discussion of the differences between denotation, meaning, and reference is rooted in the work of Ferdinand de Saussure, specifically in his theory of semiotics written in the book Course in General Linguistics. Philosophers Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell have also made influential contributions to this subject.

Denotation and reference
Although they have similar meanings, denotation should not be confused with reference. A reference is a specific person, place, or thing that a speaker identifies when using a word. Vocabulary from John Searle's speech act theory can be used to define this relationship. According to this theory, the speaker's action of identifying a person, place, or thing is called referring. The specific person, place, or thing identified by the speaker is called the referent. Reference itself captures the relationship between the referent and the word or phrase used by the speaker. For referring expressions, the denotation of the phrase is most likely the phrase's referent. For content words, the denotation of the word can refer to any object, real or imagined, to which the word could be applied.

Denotation and meaning
In "On Sense and Reference", philosopher Gottlob Frege began the conversation about distinctions between meaning and denotation when he evaluated words like the German words "Morgenstern" and "Abendstern". Author Thomas Herbst uses the words "kid" and "child" to illustrate the same concept. According to Herbst, these two words have the same denotation, as they have the same member set; however, "kid" may be used in an informal speech situation whereas "child" may be used in a more formal speech situation.

In other fields

 * In computer science, denotational semantics is contrasted with operational semantics.
 * In media studies terminology, denotation is an example of the first level of analysis: what the audience can visually see on a page. Denotation often refers to something literal, and avoids being a metaphor. Here it is usually coupled with connotation which is the second level of analysis, being what the denotation represents.

title: Denotation


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Stercobilin

Stercobilin is a tetrapyrrolic bile pigment and is one end-product of heme catabolism. It is the chemical responsible for the brown color of human feces and was originally isolated from feces in 1932. Stercobilin (and related urobilin) can be used as a marker for biochemical identification of fecal pollution levels in rivers.

Metabolism
Stercobilin results from breakdown of the heme moiety of hemoglobin found in erythrocytes. Macrophages break down senescent erythrocytes and break the heme down into biliverdin, which rapidly reduces to free bilirubin. Bilirubin binds tightly to plasma proteins (especially albumin) in the blood stream and is transported to the liver, where it is conjugated with one or two glucuronic acid residues into bilirubin diglucuronide, and secreted into the small intestine as bile. In the small intestine, some bilirubin glucuronide is converted back to bilirubin via bacterial enzymes in the terminal ileum. This bilirubin is further converted to colorless urobilinogen by the bacterial enzyme bilirubin reductase. Urobilinogen that remains in the colon can either be reduced to stercobilinogen and finally oxidized to stercobilin, or it can be directly reduced to stercobilin. Stercobilin is responsible for the brown color of human feces. Stercobilin is then excreted in the feces.

Obstructive jaundice
In obstructive jaundice, no bilirubin reaches the small intestine, meaning that there is no formation of stercobilinogen. The lack of stercobilin and other bile pigments causes feces to become clay-colored.

Brown pigment gallstones
An analysis of two infants suffering from cholelithiasis observed that a substantial amount of stercobilin was present in brown pigment gallstones. This study suggested that brown pigment gallstones could form spontaneously in infants suffering from bacterial infections of the biliary tract.

Role in treatment of disease
A 1996 study by McPhee et al. suggested that stercobilin and other related pyrrolic pigments — including urobilin, biliverdin, and xanthobilirubic acid — has potential to function as a new class of HIV-1 protease inhibitors when delivered at low micromolar concentrations. These pigments were selected due to a similarity in shape to the successful HIV-1 protease inhibitor Merck L-700,417 (N,N-bis(2-hydroxy-1-indanyl)-2,6-diphenylmethyl-4-hydroxy-1,7-heptandiamide). Further research is suggested to study the pharmacological efficacy of these pigments.

title: Stercobilin


text:
Wikipedia talk:Image markup with HTML

Proposed Software change
I've (Tarquin) made a suggestion to the tech mailing list which would simplify image markup for floated images. but this comes at a small cost. I'll explain the proposed changes here & people can comment on whether they like this trade-off or now.

Current
Here's what we currently have. For a floating image with a small caption:

Caption

With a logner caption, you need to add in the width of the image, to limit the width of the div element. (otherwise it displays as wide as the caption and looks odd). This is the markup for a long caption, 300px for example:

Caption

Proposed
All this involves is adding a CSS class to our stylesheet. For small-caption images, we'd write:

Caption

I think this is much simpler. But for wide captions, we'd need to write:

Caption

Whether this is better, worse, or about the same as before is debatable.

PS I should have said that as I see it, this is very much a halfway house before we get better image markup!

Comments
I think every picture that has a caption should have a width specification, otherwise effects are unpredictable depending on browser, font size etc. Even a slightly overflowing picture box is highly annoying because it invades article space. I also think that the "margin:0 0 1em 1em" is not necessary, it's sufficient to just say "margin:10px" to get a margin of 10 pixels on all sides. Under these circumstances, I don't really see much of a simplification.

I would support this change anyway, if I wouldn't think that current image handling is fairly braindead and should be rewritten to a large extent. After that, DIVs will probably not be directly entered anymore, so I consider minor optimizations in that area of little help. But I won't scream if it gets into our stylesheet regardless. --Eloquence 11:08 24 Jun 2003 (UTC)

Why don't we modify the wiki markup to create the div and apply the style? or something? I think any impure wiki markup is a bad idea. CGS 12:05 24 Jun 2003 (UTC).

Proposed
By Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason Currently the syntax for a left aligned image with a alt text is this:

I propose the following syntax for images that are to have caption text:

which would render as:

( 200px is the width of the image, this information could be included on-the-fly by PHP  This is the caption text to the proposed mascotte OR  This is the caption text to the proposed mascotte

(The only difference being   ( which i personally favor ) and not   )

Pros

 * 1) Using standard syntax and doesnt leave it up to people to mess with html which they might not get right
 * 2) Always has the width line to avoid the problem User:Eloquence rightly pointed out before

Coins

 * 1) The syntax might frequently miswritten since it presumes the following order of things:
 * 2) Image:
 * 3) right/left
 * 4) ALT Text
 * 5) Caption

if anyone else has a good idea about how the parser can seperate ALT text and caption please point it out. Perhaps we could use the following:

Which is exactly the same as the above, except it presumes that the caption text is always the text after the ||, this is however unstandard since a dauble pipe is not currently used in the wikisyntax, i reccomend the first idea, to just presume that we have that order.

Table auto-size
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Tables are for tabular data. You can tell this because it is called the table element. Pet peeve. CGS 12:24 24 Jun 2003 (UTC).

I'd also like to see text-align:center in the floatright class. It's not always what's desired, but it can always be overridden by a style="text-align:left" if need be. -- John Owens 12:34 24 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * very tricky. The text can be centered, but if I combine this with the suggestion below to set the width of the caption paragraph, it looks odd. (non-centered block with centered text). I suspect there is no way to center the caption block within the floating block. -- Tarquin 16:05 24 Jun 2003 (UTC)

Ideally, we'd have practically no HTML in Wikipedia code. I really like the  idea, since it could be done without any DIVs at all (but gets tricky if a caption is needed). The DIV width hack just seems ugly to me, but I am not sure how it can be worked around. Here's one possibility that may make things simpler:

That way, the div code can stay the same, and only the paragraph containing the caption need be modified. Even better, perhaps we could define a "caption" class that causes all captions to be displayed in a certain way (small font, emphasized maybe), but again, there's that width problem. I really dunno. All I'm sure of is that I strongly vote against using tables of any kind for this. -- Wapcaplet 13:36 24 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * *reads again* Ah, that's quite a neat idea. The caption paragraph can be selected with ".floatright p " -- Tarquin 16:05 24 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * ... but some images may be narrower than 200px. Any further thoughts on this? A rough show of for /against would be interesting -- Tarquin 13:53 27 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * I'm for, but I think it should be incorporated into the [[Image:...]] markup. Having HTML in the Wiki should be a last resort, not common practice. CGS 15:22 27 Jun 2003 (UTC).

 * it's meant as a halfway step until we get better markup. The idea is that the CSS classes are the same as for future "smart" wiki markup. -- Tarquin 16:03 27 Jun 2003 (UTC)

First off, I think that the "Proposed" is far superior to the "Current", because the current form of the style attribute is highly abstruse. As far as replacing the whole div construct with a Wikitax construct, I don't think it's necessary. How to edit a page includes a good number of practically irreplaceable HTML tags, such as <table> and <math>, not to mention the special-character codes. If we're going to eliminate the HTML, we need to eliminate all that too. On top of that, it would require a dramatic expansion of Wikitax. Wikitax has very half-hearted tags - they're made up entirely of special characters, and have a very primitive implementation of attributes. I think it would be nice to have something like this: "imgbox img='coolpic.png' alt='some text' style='center' cite='a special attribute for citing sources' caption='write the caption here'" but it looks like such a fundamental rewriting of wiki code that nobody would want to do it. So we might as well do the same thing as a stylesheet-defined HTML tag. (Stylesheets can define brand-new tags, right?) -Smack 22:32 1 Jul 2003 (UTC)

how to pad

 * The value of the width (here 270) should be slightly larger than the actual width of the thumbnail.

This is really just a hack, and not recommended for a number of obvious reasons. padding is better, but <tt>margin-lefg</tt> is even better because it places the spacing only where it is needed. Which I think looks better. -- Egil 13:43 May 5, 2003 (UTC)

PS: I also have left out the <tt> </tt> for captions, since it decreases readability. The Manual of Style recommends straight italics, and at least to my taste that makes the image caption stand out to a sufficient degree. -- Egil

Sequence of images
Moved from the village pump:

Can some kind soul show me how to put a sequence of four images down the right hand side of the page so that they form one unit and no text can sneak in between them. I'm referring to Sistine Chapel that I illustrated. I reckon the page would look nicer if I had all four pics together and there would be no problems with pics overlapping in different browsers. Thanks. Adrian Pingstone 09:01 14 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * LittleDan told me something like this a few weeks ago:

--Menchi 09:08 14 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * It's easier than that, no need for tables. I've done the first two -- Tarquin

 * Thanks, Menchi for your info. I'm sorry you had to do so much typing but I'll use Tarquins method (Tarquin, thanks).
 * Adrian Pingstone 09:46 14 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * Not much typing, just copy-and-paste. If Tarquin's method is simpler, the better. :-) --Menchi 09:57 14 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * OK, the code is now in place in Sistine Chapel to put four (or whatever) pics in a column, which are then effectively one pic. Thanks to Menchi and Tarquin for their replies.
 * Adrian Pingstone 11:22 22 Jun 2003 (UTC)

Thanks to wapcaplet for the section on markup. In the interests of scalability and uniformity, it might be better to always use the version of the <div> tag with the text-align attribute. -Smack 17:09 20 Jun 2003 (UTC)

Side by side images
There was discussion of side by side images on the pump a while back (now archived) and I asked for comments about what I've done in the mandolin article and got no response.

I raise it again here because if it's a good answer that I've given I'll add it to this gallery, so others can use it.

I think this gallery is an excellent idea. If we just link to pages for markup examples there's the danger it will change (an acceptable risk for the pump but not for longer-lived pages), to link to old versions is cumbersome (but may be appropriate in some circumstances), and to put all the examples that I hope will eventually be here into the markup section of the image policy page seems excessive.

But obviously, if there are pitfalls to what I've done I want to fix it, not spread it. The obvious circumvention is to combine the two photos into one image using a photo editor. I've not done this because:

 * This seemed simpler.
 * This way, future editors of the page have far more easy options.
 * For anyone using a really narrow screen, but still wide enough for one of the images, this seemed to work best.

But, there may well be other ramifications I haven't thought of. Andrewa 20:57, 4 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * I think this works quite well. See also Geyser. When downsizing my browser's window (IE), the images simply form a single column. Gorm

Alt versus title attributes
I've just spotted - and changed - what I consider to be an error on the Extended image syntax page. Namely, it repeatedly described the images associated text as its alt text, when in fact it is (quite rightly) also used for the related but different purpose of a title attribute - one is instead of the image, the other is as well as it. On that page, I went through and called it caption text throughout, but this page already uses alt text and caption for two different things, so I'm not sure how it could better be worded.

And as for Alternate text for images - surely the whole article is based on a false assumption. Am I going mad, or has everyone else decided to ignore the fact that it's also a title attribute?

- IMSoP 12:39, 30 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Article link using Image?
Is there any way to use a small image icon as a link to an article? Having clickable icons would be very handy for data tables and the like. Over at Talk:Ryanair we have been discussing using a Unicode airplane (✈) as a link to the destination airport, like this Cork ✈. Unfortunately, this doesn't work with many browsers. What I'd like to do is link the image File:1a2.png to the airport. Easy to do in HTML, but is it possible in Wiki? Seabhcán 14:31, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Currently, there is no way of doing this. A rather odd hack is being used, for instance, for the links to sister sites on the front page, where the description page ("Image:whatever") is made into a redirect; thus, clicking the image gets you redirected. But this isn't much good for you, since you'd need a copy of the image for every airport, which would be silly. There is a pending feature request at 539 to allow exactly this, which I started working on, but I'm afraid I haven't finished coding a proper version yet (I got distracted tidying up a whole section of the code, in the hope of making things easier for myself). Of course, if I (or someone else who gets fed up waiting for me to do it) hard-code a description-link in as described there, that's going to be a bit of a pain for this particular use too; hmm... - IMSoP 15:10, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Image markup with HTML