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  (Loxia curvirostra minor). At times these birds pass through Marin Co. in numbers, stopping for a short while to feed, often on the Tojon berries. As they are very shy and generally frequent the tops of the tall Douglas firs on the higher ranges they are difficult to obtain, but specimens have been taken on two occasions by C. A. Allen. Some years elapse without any being observed, but this does not prove that they have not been here, as their usual feeding grounds are seldom visited by any observer.

(Coccothraustes v. montanus). On October 14, 1898 a ♂ of this species was shot near Point Reyes Station, Marin Co., and sent to me. Their occurrence in this county has been reported to me before but as no specimens had been taken the reports were not verified.

(Dendroica coronata). This bird is much more common in California than most people have been led to suppose. There are a number in our collection from Marin and San Benito counties, though we have only collected them casually. I have seen a good many that have not been taken and find that at close range they can be sufficiently recognized by the superloral and postocular streaks to enable one to be moderately accurate in identification. That is to say, if a person were to shoot all that he saw with this characteristic he would find the majority of his birds to be coronata.

. It would be interesting to hear from different localities in regard to which sex predominates in some of the winter residents. For instance, here at San Geronimo, nearly every Red-breasted Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus ruber) taken is a ♀ especially so in midwinter. All of the Ruby-crowned Kinglets (Regulus calendula) taken here have been males. Almost all of the Dwarf Hermit Thrushes (Hylocichla aonalaschkæ) also have been males, only three that I know of having proved to be females, one of these being a partial albino. We have several Thick-billed Sparrows taken here at different times and all ♀. These last are present some winters, but not all. How are the birds above mentioned in other localities?

An Account of the Taking of Four Sets of Eggs of the Ivory Gull.

eggs of the Ivory Gull (Larus eburneus) were brought home by Gustaf Kolthoff, naturalist to the Nathorst Swedish Expedition in the summer and early autumn of 1898, having been received from Captain Kjældsen of the ship Frithiof in exchange. Mr. Kolthoff writes "When we were going from King Carls-Land to Franz Josef-Land we met on the way the steamer Frithiof, owner the old ice traveller Captain Kjældsen, who had been there with the Wellman Expedition. Captain Kjældsen told me that when returning and sailing close to the coast they had, near Cape Oppolzer on the S. W. of Franz Josef-Land in 80.04 N. latitude to about 57° E. longitude, visited a little, low-lying, unnamed island, situated very nearly south of Cape Oppolzer, upon which were breeding a large number of 'Ice Gulls' (Ivory Gulls). The nests were on the flat ground, built of green moss, and only in four cases was there still a single egg,—in all the rest were young, very small, half-grown and none so grown that they could use their wings. The four eggs were all strongly incubated. This was on August 4 and upon the 12th we met the steamer and I obtained all that Captain Kjældsen had—four eggs and one young bird. As I understood Captain Kjældsen the Wellman Expedition had left his ship before it visited Cape Oppolzer." Mr. Kolthoff adds "On the Spitzbergen and King Carls-Land coasts the Ivory Gulls had their nests on high cliffs where it is nearly impossible to reach them." Two of the above eggs are in the Upsalu Museum and the two others in my collection. The latter measure 2.29×1.69 and 2.25×1.68 inches.

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 97 STAT. 1558 PROCLAMATION 5031—MAR. 14, 1983 and non-living, of the seabed and subsoil and the superjacent waters and with regard to other activities for the economic exploitation and explora- tion of the zone, such as the production of energy from the water, currents and winds; and (b] jurisdiction with regard to the establishment and use of artificial islands, and installations and structures having economic pur- poses, and the protection and preservation of the marine environment. This Proclamation does not change existing United States policies concern- ing the continental shelf, marine mammals and fisheries, including highly migratory species of tuna which are not subject to United States jurisdic- tion and require international agreements for effective management. The United States will exercise these sovereign rights and jurisdiction in accordance with the rules of international law. Without prejudice to the sovereign rights and jurisdiction of the United States, the Exclusive Economic Zone remains an area beyond the territory and territorial sea of the United States in which all States enjoy the high seas freedoms of navigation, overflight, the laying of submarine cables and pipelines, and other internationaly lawful uses of the sea. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this tenth day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and seventh. RONALD REAGAN Editorial Note: For the President's statement of Mar. 10, 1983, on the establishment of the zone, see the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents (vol. 19, p. 383). Proclamation 5031 of March 14, 1983 National P.O.W.-M.I.A. Recognition Day, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Since the earliest days of our Nation, America's men and women have an- swered the call to duty. In each of our country's conflicts, our prisoners of war have endured extreme hardships and have been required to make great sacrifices. But even when facing the most extreme adversity, they have proudly defended American ideals. Their burden has been magnified when they were subject to mistreatment, torture, or death in violation of funda- mental moral standards and international codes of conduct. Our country is also acutely aware of the deep suffering experienced by the families of our servicemen held captive or missing in action. These families have faced a haunting uncertainty and awesome silence that tear at their hearts and earns the deep esteem of their countrymen. American P.O.W.'s and M.I.A.'s are heroes who have gone beyond courage and beyond duty to an honored place in the souls of their fellow Ameri- cans. They symbolize the kind of singular sacrifice and devotion that has repeatedly proven instrumental in shaping our Nation's destiny. This coun- try will never forget nor fail to honor those who have so courageously gar- nered our highest regard.

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 PROCLAMATION 5032—MAR. 15, 1983 97 STAT. 1559 By Joint Resolution, the Congress has designated April 9, 1983, as National P.O.W. -M.I.A. Recognition Day. On this day, I firmly believe that we should recognize the special debt all Americans owe to our fellow citizens who gave up their freedom in the service of our country and to the families who have undergone a great travail. We shall continue to remember our missing servicemen. Our Nation must never forget them. Resolution of their fate is, and will remain, a matter of the highest national priority. On April 9, 1983, a P.O.W. - M.I.A. Flag will fly over the White House, the Departments of State and Defense, and the Vet- erans Administration as a symbol of our unswerving commitment to resolv- ing the fate of all servicemen still missing. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate Saturday, April 9, 1983, as National P.O.W. - M.I.A. Recognition Day, a day dedicated to all former American prisoners of war, to those still missing, and to their families. I call on all Americans to join in honoring those who have been held captive in war and their loved ones. I call upon State and local officials and private organizations to observe this day with appropriate ceremonies and activities. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 14th day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and seventh. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5032 of March 15, 1983 Loyalty Day, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation It was once written that America is great because it is good, and if America ever ceases to be good, America will cease to be great. So long as Ameri- cans remain faithful—in deeds as well as thought—to the ideals embodied in our Constitution and furthered in our free institutions, our Nation's great- ness will flourish. Americahs have fought, and many have died, to preserve the blessings of liberty in this fair land. Each of us has the opportunity to honor these sacri- fices and to renew our commitment to American ideals as we go about our daily lives. When we participate in a free election, extend a helping hand to a neighbor, live responsible and productive lives, or teach a child through our own actions that all people are equal under the law, we mani- fest our allegiance to this great country. We must never take our precious freedoms for granted. Rather, from time to time we must rededicate ourselves to the magnificent ideals of our great de- mocracy—liberty, justice, and dignity for all mankind. For this purpose, the Congress, by joint resolution approved July 18, 1958 (72 Stat. 369; 36 U.S.C. 162], has designated May 1 of each year as Loyalty Day, a day for reflection upon our national institutions, our heritage of free- dom, and what it means to be an American.

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 97 STAT. 1560 PROCLAMATION 5033—MAR. 21, 1983 NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim Sunday, May 1, 1983, as Loyalty Day and call upon all Americans and patriotic, civic, and educational organizations to observe that day with appropriate ceremonies. I call upon all government officials to display the flag of the United States on all Government buildings and grounds on that day. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 15th day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and seventh. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5033 of March 21, 1983 National Eye Donor Month, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation One of the most magnificent presents that one human being can bestow upon another is the gift of sight. Incredible as it may seem, it is within the power of each of us to give this precious gift simply by making arrange- ments to donate our eyes after death. Thanks to advances in eye research, donor eyes can be stored and the pre- served corneal tissues transplanted into the eyes of people who would oth- erwise be unable to see the beautiful and exciting world in which we live. Each year some 30,000 people lose vision because their corneas have been damaged by injury, disease, or an inherited condition. Where the cornea has become so clouded that vision is lost, sight usually can be restored through a replacement cornea provided by a cornea donor. Tragically, some visually impaired people who could benefit from this oper- ation cannot be helped because suitable corneal tissue is not always avail- able when needed. Donor eyes are also needed for vision research so that we may learn more about how this organ functions and develop ways to prevent and treat the many disorders which threaten sight. It is appropriate that we as a Nation encourage eye donations and increase public awareness of the need for such donations. By filling out a uniform donor card and carrying it, we may give the gift of sight to people who now suffer from corneal blindness and benefit others from eye research. Ante, p. 10. The Congress, by Senate Joint Resolution 15, has designated March 1983 as "National Eye Donor Month" and has authorized and requested the Presi- dent to issue a proclamation in observance of that month. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the month of March 1983 as "National Eye Donor Month." I urge all citizens, health care professionals, educators, the media, and public and private organizations concerned with vision and vision research to join me in supporting this humanitarian action. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of

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 PROCLAMATION 5034—MAR. 21, 1983 97 STAT. 1561 the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and seventh. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5034 of March 21, 1983 Afghanistan Day, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The tragedy of Afghanistan continues as the valiant and courageous Afghan freedom fighters persevere in standing up against the brutal power of the Soviet invasion and occupation. The Afghan people are struggling to re- claim their freedom, which was taken from them when the Soviet Union in- vaded Afghanistan in December of 1979. In this three-year period the Soviet Union has been unable to subjugate Af- ghanistan. The Soviet forces are pitted against an extraordinary people who, in their determination to preserve the character of their ancient land, have organized an effective and still spreading country-wide resistance. The resistance of the Afghan freedom fighters is an example to all the world of the invincibility of the ideals we in this country hold most dear, the ideals of freedom and independence. We must also recognize that the sacrifices required to maintain this resist- ance are very high. Millions have gone into exile as refugees. We will prob- ably never know the numbers of people killed and maimed, poisoned and gassed, of the homes that have been destroyed, and of the lives that have been shattered and stricken with grief. It is, therefore, incumbent upon us as Americans to reflect on the events in Afghanistan, to think about the agony which these brave people bear, and to maintain our condemnation of the continuing Soviet occupation. Our ob- servance again this year of Afghanistan Day on March 21, the Afghan New Year, will recall for all the world America's unflagging sympathy for a de- termined people, its support for their refugees and commitment to achieving a political settlement for Afghanistan which will free that country from tyr- anny's yoke. The Congress, by Senate Joint Resolution 65, has designated March 21, 1983 Ante, p. 41. as "Afghanistan Day" and has requested the President to issue a proclama- tion in observance of that day. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate March 21, 1983 as Afghanistan Day. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and seventh. RONALD REAGAN Editorial Note: For the President's message of Mar. 21, 1983, on Afghanistan Day, see the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents (vol. 19, p. 436).

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 97 STAT. 1562 PROCLAMATION 5035—MAR. 24, 1983 Proclamation 5035 of March 24, 1983 National Maritime Day, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The restructuring of longstanding Federal maritime policies constitutes a high priority of my Administration. Considerable progress has been made in removing unnecessary regulatory contraints which contribute to inefficiency and increased costs of our ship- ping and shipbuilding. These efforts will continue and will greatly enhance our maritime posture. Over the next few years, new generations of efficient and productive merchant ships will improve the competitiveness of our fleet. These and other announced policy initiatives are part of my firm commit- ment to provide the foundation upon which to build and maintain the strong merchant marine needed to serve the Nation's waterborne commerce and national defense requirements. In recognition of the importance of the American merchant marine, the Con- 36 USC 145. gress, by joint resolution of May 20, 1933, designated May 22 as National Maritime Day and requested the President to issue annually a proclamation calling for its appropriate observance. This date was chosen to commemo- rate the day in 1819 when the SS SAVANNAH departed Savannah, Geor- gia, on the first transatlantic steamship voyage. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate May 22, 1983, as the fifty-first observance of National Maritime Day. I urge the people of the United States to honor our American merchant marine on that day by displaying the flag of the United States at their homes and other suitable places, and I request that all ships sailing under the American flag dress ship on that day. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 24th day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and seventh. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5036 of March 25, 1983 Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The strength of America lies in our free enterprise system, and the spirit of our great Nation grows out of the richness of our diverse cultural heritage and the hard work and convictions of our citizens. Americans who have come to this land from Asian and Pacific countries have overcome great adversity and supreme challenges to make outstand- ing contributions to our Nation's progress in a wide range of fields—sci- ence, the arts, medicine, law, literature, agriculture, industry, commerce, and government.

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 PROCLAMATION 5037—MAR. 25, 1983 97 STAT. 1563 As we celebrate the accomplishments of Asian and Pacific Americans, we are grateful to them for bringing to our shores the strong and varied tradi- tions of their homelands and for greatly enriching our culture and our insti- tutions. We appreciate and value their presence and treasure their enduring commitment to the unalienable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap- piness. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby declare the week beginning May 7, 1983 as Asian/ Pacific American Heritage Week and call upon the American people to ob- serve this week with appropriate ceremonies and activities. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 25th day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and seventh. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5037 of March 25, 1983 National Mental Health Counselors Week, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Mental health counselors provide 50 percent of the mental health services delivered in this country. They work with adults and children whose self- doubts or distorted perceptions of the world interfere with their capacities to fulfill their obligations or to enjoy the pleasures that life can offer. They work with the chronically mentally ill, the depressed, the suicidal, the anx- ious, the phobic, the juvenile delinquent, the abused, and the deprived. Through utilization of individual and group counseling techniques, mental health counselors help individuals to develop self-understanding, make life decisions, and adjust to the everyday demands of a complex world. Mental health counselors apply skills gained through years of education and training in a multitude of settings—hospitals, community agencies, clin- ics, and in the private practice sector. They play an important role in our Nation's health care system. In recognition of their service in behalf of others to save lives and reduce suffering, the Congress, by Senate Joint Resolution 35, has designated the Ante, p. 39. week beginning March 20, 1983, as National Mental Health Counselors Week, and has requested the President to issue a proclamation in observ- ance of that week. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week beginning March 20, 1983, as Na- tional Mental Health Counselors Week. I call upon health care profession- als, educators, the media, individuals, and public and private organizations concerned with mental health to join me in observing this week. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and seventh. RONALD REAGAN

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 97 STAT. 1564 PROCLAMATION 5038—APR. 4, 1983 Proclamation 5038 of April 4, 1983 Swedish-American Friendship Day, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation On April 3, 1783, Ambassador Extraordinary Gustav Philip Creutz, repre- senting the King of Sweden, and Benjamin Franklin, Minister Plenipotentia- ry of the United States of America, signed a Treaty of Amity and Com- merce in Paris, France. In the Treaty, they pledged, "firm, inviolable and universal peace and a true and sincere friendship between the King, his heirs and successors, and the United States of America." They could not then know how dramatically that friendship would flourish, and how closely mingled the fates and fortunes of the two lands would become. During the nineteenth century, thousands of Swedes joined the great current of Scandinavian migration to the United States. Once there, they helped push the frontier westward, achieving great successes in agri- culture and industry. Their achievements constitute proud monuments to the Swedish-American heritage and to the development of our country. Democratic ideals, a belief in ingenuity and hard work, concern for the indi- vidual, and free trade are among the many values and principles both coun- tries share. Because of the extensive commerce and interchange of persons and ideas between Sweden and the United States, we have long enjoyed a deep understanding of each other. Ante, p. 56. For these reasons, the Congress, by Senate Joint Resolution 64, has author- ized and requested the President to proclaim April 4, 1983, as Swedish- American Friendship Day. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate April 4, 1983, as Swedish-American Friendship Day. I invite the people of the United States to honor the Bicen- tennial of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce that day by holding appropri- ate ceremonies and activities in suitable places throughout the land. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5039 of April 4, 1983 National Child Abuse Prevention Month, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Child abuse and child neglect continue to threaten the lives and health of over a million of our Nation's children. Their physical suffering and emo- tional anguish challenge us, as parents, neighbors, and citizens, to increase our attention to their protection and intensify our efforts to prevent their maltreatment.

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 PROCLAMATION 5040—APR. 4, 1983 97 STAT. 1565 Children may be endangered by physical battering, denial of the basic ne- cessities for life and health, sexual abuse and exploitation, or emotional cruelty. Public concern can help prevent maltreatment and help protect chil- dren. Action taken after cruelty has occurred is often too late. Prevention of abuse requires that neighborhoods and communities be attentive to the problems of families in their midst and be willing to help when help is needed. It requires the active concern of educational, medical, mental health, law enforcement, and social service professionals, and the efforts of volunteers and private citizens. The health and well-being of our children underlie the future of our Nation. The Congress, by Senate Joint Resolution 21, has recognized the need for Ante, p. 12. public attention to prevention of child abuse and has requested me to pro- claim April 1983 as National Child Abuse Prevention Month. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the month of April 1983 as "National Child Abuse Prevention Month." I urge all citizens to renew our Nation's commit- ment to meet the serious challenge that child abuse and child neglect pose to the welfare of our children and families. I invite the Governors of the States; the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Territories; the Mayor of the District of Columbia; the heads of volun- tary and private groups; and the offices of local, State and Federal govern- ment to join in this observance. I also urge them to encourage activities whose purpose is to prevent and treat child abuse and child neglect. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 4th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5040 of April 4, 1983 Pan American Day and Pan American Week, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation For the last fifty-two years, the proclamation of an annual Pan American Day has brought to the attention of the world the unique harmony of ideals inspiring the nations of the western hemisphere. These common goals of peace, prosperity, and freedom serve as the foundation for the Organization of American States, which is charged with upholding and defending these principles. The OAS has succeeded admirably in maintaining and strengthening the traditipnal bonds of friendship among the peoples of the Americas. At the same time, the peacekeeping mechanisms forged by the OAS member na- tions have proved effective in preventing the level of conflict that has af- flicted other areas of the globe. The commitment of the Pan American nations to work together to solve their problems has prompted the creation of several specialized inter- American agencies. These agencies, along with the major councils of the OAS, have been instrumental in promoting the economic, social, scientific.

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 97 STAT. 1566 PROCLAMATION 5041—APR. 4, 1983 educational, and cultural development of the Pan American nations. The Inter-American Human Rights Commission also has made a significant con- tribution to strengthening respect for basic liberties throughout the hemi- sphere. Cooperation among Pan American nations is predicated on mutual respect for the individual character and culture of each people. Pan American Day commemorates this high mutual regard and salutes the great progress that has been made within the OAS framework. On this Pan American Day of 1983, the people of the United States extend warm greetings to their neighbors in the Americas, and reaffirm their com- mitment to the spirit of solidarity, the ideals and purposes of the inter- American system, and their active support of the Organization of American States. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim Thursday, April 14, 1983, as Pan American Day, and the week beginning April 10, 1983, as Pan American Week; and I urge the Governors of the fifty States, and the Governor of the Common- wealth of Puerto Rico, and the officials of the other areas under the flag of the United States of America, to honor these observances with appropriate activities and ceremonies. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 4th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5041 of April 4, 1983 Prayer for Peace, Memorial Day, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Each year, for more than 100 years, we have gathered on Memorial Day to pay tribute to those men and women who have fallen in battle, sacrificing their lives to preserve our freedom and world peace. In doing this, we are reminded that neither peace nor liberty is guaranteed, and that our national ideals remain threatened by global conflict, economic crises, violence, and aggression. Throughout our history, America has been a symbol of hope for all people. We must always accept the many responsibilities that this requires. Thus, we are prepared to assist other nations in their struggle for economic prog- ress; to help those in other lands who suffer from political repression and injustice; to deter aggression by strengthening democracy around the globe; and to work tirelessly toward a world without war. Those who have sacrificed their lives for our country serve as a reminder that our work is unfinished. With vision and purpose and a prayer in our hearts, let us dedicate ourselves to their memory. In recognition of those Americans to whom we pay tribute today, the Con- 36 USC 169g. gress, by joint resolution of May 11, 1950 (64 Stat. 158), has requested the President to issue a proclamation calling upon the people of the United

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 PROCLAMATION 5042—APR. 6, 1983 97 STAT. 1567 States to observe each Memorial Day as a day of prayer for permanent peace and designating a period on that day when the people of the United States might unite in prayer. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate Memorial Day, Monday, May 30, 1983, as a day of prayer for permanent peace, and I designate the hour beginning in each locality at 11 o'clock in the morning of that day as a time to unite in prayer. I urge the press, radio, television, and all other information media to cooperate in this observance. I also request the Governors of the United States and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the appropriate officials of all local units of government to direct that the flag be flown at half-staff during this Memorial Day on all buildings, grounds, and naval vessels throughout the United States and in all areas under its jurisdiction and control, and I request the people of the United States to display the flag at half-staff from their homes for the cus- tomary forenoon period. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 4th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5042 of April 6, 1983 Mother's Day, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Traditionally, this Nation honors its mothers by designating the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day. To our mothers we owe our highest esteem, for it is from their gift of life that the flow of events begins that shapes our destiny. A mother's love, nur- turing, and beliefs are among the strongest influences molding the develop- ment and character of our youngsters. As Henry Ward Beecher wrote, "What a mother sings to the cradle goes all the way down to the coffin." Motherhood is both a great responsibility and one of the most rewarding and pleasurable experiences life has to offer. Mother's Day presents a spe- cial opportunity to appreciate our mothers—to consider all they have done, and all they continue to do, in fostering children's physical and emotional growth, nursing illness, encouraging success, easing failure, maintaining family life, supporting their spouses, contributing vitally to the economy through their accomplishments at work, and serving their communities. The quality and scope of their activities, as well as their overriding concern for the well-being of their families and our country, inspires and strengthens us as individuals and as a Nation. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby request that Sunday, May 8, 1983, be observed as Mother's Day. I direct Government officials to display the flag of the United States on all Federal Government buildings, and I urge all citizens to dis- play the flag at their homes and other suitable places on that day.

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 97 STAT. 1568 PROCLAMATION 5043—APR. 7, 1983 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 6th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5043 of April 7, 1983 Cancer Control Month, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Cancer is a major concern to the American people because statistics dem- onstrate that at least one out of four Americans now living will become a victim of this disease. However, it is important to recognize that we are making progress against this dread killer—in basic research, in prevention, and in bringing the fruits of cancer research to the community. Recent empirical studies and basic research are bringing us close to an un- derstanding of how best to prevent, diagnose, and treat cancer. Such scien- tific advances as the discovery of the oncogene, or cancer gene, have pro- vided fresh insights into the molecular process of this disease. Also on the horizon are positive developments in several areas that enhance our ability to deal with this disease syndrome: e.g., the utilization of hyperthermia, im- proved immunotherapeutic techniques that include the use of monoclonal antibodies and new vaccines, and approaches to surgery that, while less severe in nature, remain a major weapon in our arsenal. We continue to gather information indicating that life-style and environ- ment play a significant part in the incidence of cancer. Today there is a growing awareness of carcinogens and radiation as causative factors in cancer development. We recognize more fully the importance of diet and nutrition as factors in the development and prevention of this disease. As we evaluate the incidence of cancer among various groups of people, we may be able to identify substances that can have a chemopreventive effect on the population as a whole. Reports issued by the Surgeon General increasingly link cigarette smoking with cancer of the lung and other parts of the body. A concerted effort has begun to bring the latest advances in cancer care and treatment to the community at large in a more effective way than ever before. We hope that with the goodwill, determination, and support of the American people, our continued progress will eventually lead to the control and prevention of this tragic disease. In 1938, the Congress of the United States passed a joint resolution request- ing the President to issue an annual proclamation declaring April to be Cancer Control Month. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the month of April, 1983, as Cancer Control Month. I invite the Governors of the fifty States and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the appropriate officials of ail other areas under the United States flag, to issue similar proclamations. I also ask the health care professionals, the communications industry, and all other interested persons and groups to unite during this appointed time to reaffirm publicly our Na- tion's continuing commitment to control cancer.

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 PROCLAMATION 5044—APR. 7, 1983 97 STAT. 1569 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5044 of April 7, 1983 Crime Victims Week, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation For too many years, the scales of justice—the very hallmark of our free so- ciety—have been out of balance. Too often innocent victims of crime turn to their government for protection and support only to find that the criminal justice system seems unable to achieve two of its fundamental purposes— protecting those who obey the law and punishing those who break it. Vic- tims and their families must bear the physical, financial, and emotional impact of the crime. It is unjust and inexcusable when they are ignored or mistreated by this system. Victims called for help, and they needed our as- sistance. Frequently, their pleas have been unheard and their needs have gone unattended. These were the conclusions of the President's Task Force on Victims of Crime that I established last year. The Task Force conducted hearings around the country, taking testimony from professionals within and outside the system and, most importantly, from victims themselves. The Task Force concluded that the neglect and mistreatment of crime victims are a national disgrace. I asked the Task Force for recommendations to restore balance to our system. It submitted 68 specific recommendations directed to the Executive Branch and the Congress, State and local legislative bodies, law enforce- ment officers, the judiciary, prosecutors, defense attorneys, parole boards, bar associations, the religious community, schools, hospitals, the mental health professionals, and the private sector. No segment of our society should refuse to recognize its responsibility to help. This Administration has already begun implementation of the Task Forces recommendations. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week beginning April 17, 1983, as Crime Victims Week. I urge officials at all levels of government to take immediate and decisive action to meet the needs of crime victims in their jurisdictions. I urge every American to take action to ease the burdens faced by innocent victims. I urge the victims themselves not to despair. You have made us aware of the inequities you have faced, and we are moving forward to cor- rect them. For too long the justice system has failed to address adequately the rights of victims. The time has come to restore the balance. If our system is to survive, it must truly bring justice to all who seek it. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 7th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN 11-194O-85~51:QL3

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 97 STAT. 1570 PROCLAMATION 5045—APR. 7, 1983 Proclamation 5045 of April 7, 1983 National Defense Transportation Day and National Transpor- tation Week, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation From Maine to Hawaii, from the Alaskan border to the Gulf of Mexico, America is a land unified, strengthened, and enriched by transportation. We enjoy a mobility unparalleled anywhere in the world. Our transporta- tion systems—land, water, and air—enable us to work where we choose, travel where we please, and ship the products of our farms and factories across the country and around the world. Through the years, transportation developments have paced the growth and progress of our Nation, led to innovations in other industries, contributed significantly to the expansion of our country, and strengthened our defense and the vitality of our economy. Transportation has become one of Ameri- ca's greatest and most valued assets, and the people of the transportation industries are an essential segment of our society. The Nation has experienced enormous progress in all forms of transporta- tion, from the earliest Erie Canal boats to today's vast inland waterway system; from the clipper ship to the container ship; from yesterday's primi- tive Lancaster turnpike to our modern 42,000-mile network of interstate highways; from the ribbons of rail that fused a continent to a national rail complex that carries one-and-a -half billion tons of cargo a year; from the first fledgling flight at Kitty Hawk to a national system serving 300 million passengers and hundreds of thousands of general aviation flyers a year; from horse-drawn transit vehicles to today's sleek urban rail cars and buses. America and its transportation industries have grown and prospered, providing employment, security, safe and efficient mobility for all Ameri- cans, and opening avenues to the future with such visionary projects as NASA's space shuttle program. In recognition of the importance of transportation in America and to honor the miliions of Americans who serve and supply our transportation needs, 36 USC 160. the Congress, by joint resolution approved May 16, 1957, has requested that the third Friday in May of each year be designated National Defense Trans- 36 USC 166. portation Day; and by a joint resolution approved May 14, 1962, that the week in which that Friday falls be proclaimed National Transportation Week. NOW, THEREFORE. I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate Friday, May 20, 1983 as National Defense Transportation Day and the week beginning May 15, 1983 as National Transportation Week, and I urge the people of the United States to observe this occasion with appropriate ceremonies which will give full recognition to the importance of our transportation system and the maintenance of its facilities. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 7th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN

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 PROCLAMATION 5046—APR. 7, 1983 97 STAT. 1571 Proclamation 5046 of April 7, 1983 World Trade Week, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The United States is firmly linked with other nations in the global economy by mutually benefical international trade. Exports now account for more than 16 percent of the total value of all goods produced in this country. Two of every five acres of farmland produce for export, and one of every eight jobs in manufacturing depends on overseas trade. Indeed, four of every five new manufacturing jobs are export-related. As the world's largest trading Nation, the United States has much to gain from the continued expansion of world trade and much to lose if it is di- minished. As a country that has been built on economic freedom, America must be an unrelenting advocate of free trade. As an integral part of the marketplace, the free flow of goods and services across international borders serves to raise the living standards and pro- mote the well-being of people throughout the globe. It inspires private ini- tiative and the entrepreneurial spirit which leads to more open markets, greater freedom, and serves as a boon to human progress. In an interdepen- dent world made smaller by modern communications, free trade is even more essential for the continued economic growth and advancement of both industrialized and developing nations. America must not be tempted to turn to protectionism, but lead the way toward freer trade and more open mar- kets where our producers and trading partners can compete on a fair and equal basis. Despite the high volume of our international trade, we still are far from matching the international sales efforts of our leading competitors. Only ten percent of our firms export, and only seven percent of our gross national product finds its way into foreign markets—less than half the percentage of our major trading partners. In this increasingly interdependent world, American business must focus more of its efforts on exporting our goods and services. A promising new tool is now available to increase export participation: the Export Trading Company Act of 1982. This law will help American businesses, particularly 15 USC 4001 small and medium-sized companies, to organize themselves for stronger T^O\^. export efforts with considerably less hindrance by government regulation. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week beginning May 22, 1983, as World Trade Week, and I invite the people of the United States to join in appro- priate observances to affirm the enormous potential international trade has for creating jobs and stimulating economic activity in this country, as well as for generating prosperity the world over. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 7th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN

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 97 STAT. 1572 PROCLAMATION 5047—APR. 11, 1983 Proclamation 5047 of April 11, 1983 National Arthritis Month, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Arthritis, the oldest known group of chronic diseases, is still the Nation's greatest crippler. At least 35 million Americans—about one in seven—have some form of arthritis. The total cost of arthritis must be counted not only in terms of socioeco- nomic losses, but also in terms of human suffering and disability. Uncon- trolled arthritis has major negative social, psychological, and economic im- pacts not only on the patients who suffer from arthritis, but also on their families and on our society in general. We have learned a great deal through research, but as yet these disorders are not fully understood and are not adequately controllable. We must meet the critical need for new research ideas and productive research studies upon which advances in the area of arthritis treatment and prevention can be based. Our goal continues to be the eventual elimination of arthritis as a cause of human suffering and economic burden to our Nation. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States Ante, p. 61. of America, in accordance with Senate Joint Resolution 32, do hereby pro- claim the month of May 1983 as National Arthritis Month. I urge the people of the United States and educational, philanthropic, scientific, medical and health care organizations, and professionals to support appropriate efforts to discover the causes and cures of all forms of arthritis and to alleviate the suffering of victims of these disorders. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5048 of April 14, 1983 ModiHcation of Proclamation No. 4991 Regarding Suspension of the Application of TSUS Column 1 Rates of Duty to Prod- ucts of Poland By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation 96 Stat. 2782. By Proclamation No. 4991 of October 27, 1982, the President suspended the application of the rates of duty provided for in column 1 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States [TSUS] to products of Poland. Proclamation No. 4991 is effective with respect to articles exported on and after Novem- ber 1, 1982. Taking into account the factors cited in Proclamation No. 4991 and in order to alleviate unnecessary hardships to United States companies that entered

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 PROCLAMATION 5049—APR. 14, 1983 97 STAT. 1573 into contracts before the decision to suspend most-favored-nation treatment for products of Poland was announced, I find it appropriate to amend Proc- lamation No. 4991 to permit articles that are exported to a consignee in the 96 Stat. 2782. United States before June 30, 1983, pursuant to written and binding con- tracts to purchase executed on or before October 9, 1982, to enter at the column 1 rate of duty. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the statutes of the United States including, but not limited to, the Trade Ex- pansion Act of 1962, and the Trade Act of 1974, as amended, do proclaim 19 USC 1801 that paragraph 3 of Proclamation No. 4991 of October 27, 1982, is hereby?Q\%<^ r,,^i amended to read as follows: "(3] This Proclamation shall take effect with respect to articles exported on and after November 1, 1982, other than articles exported prior to June 30, 1983, to a consignee in the United States pursuant to a written and binding contract to purchase which was executed on or before October 9, 1982, pro- vided that a copy of such contract is presented to the United States Cus- toms Service on or before May 31, 1983 and the importer or consignee in the United States certifies that the articles are exported pursuant to that contract." IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 14th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5049 of April 14, 1983 American Indian Day, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The story of the Indian in America is a record of endurance, of survival, of adaptation and creativity in the face of overwhelming obstacles. It is a record of enormous contributions to this country—to its art and culture, its strength and spirit, its sense of history, and its sense of purpose. When European settlers began to develop colonies in North America, they entered into treaties with sovereign Indian nations. Our new Nation contin- ued to enter into treaties with Indian tribes on a government-to-government basis. Throughout our history, despite periods of conflict and shifting na- tional poHcies in Indian affairs, the government-to-government relationship between the United States and Indian tribes has endured. The Constitution, treaties, laws, and court decisions have consistently recognized a unique political relationship between Indian tribes and the United States. In 1970, President Nixon announced a national policy of self-determination for Indian tribes. At the heart of the new policy was a commitment by the Federal government to foster and encourage tribal self-government. As set forth in the message on Indian policy of January 24, 1983, this Ad- ministration honors the commitment made in 1970 to strengthen tribal gov- ernments and lessen Federal control over tribal government affairs. To fur- ther the principle of self-government, we will encourage the political and economic development of the tribes by eliminating excessive Federal regu-

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 97 STAT. 1574 PROCLAMATION 5050—APR. 15, 1983 lation and government intervention, which in the past have stifled local de- cision-making, thwarted Indian control of Indian resources, and promoted dependence rather than self-sufficiency. In promoting effective self-government and a more favorable environment for the development of healthy reservation economies, we will take a flexi- ble approach which recognizes the diversity among tribes and the right of each tribe to set its own priorities and goals. The tribes, not the Federal government, will chart the path of their own development. In support of this policy, the Federal government will faithfully fulfill its responsibility for the physical and financial resources it holds in trust for the tribes and their members. In recognition of the unique status and contribution of the American Indian peoples to our Nation, the Congress of the United States, by House Joint 96 Stat. 2328. Resolution 459 (P.L. 97-445), has authorized and requested the President to issue a proclamation designating May 13, 1983 as "American Indian Day." NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim May 13, 1983 as American Indian Day. I invite the people of the United States to observe this day with appropriate ceremonies and deeds and to reaffirm their dedication to the ideals which our first Americans subscribe. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 14th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5050 of April 15, 1983 Temporary Duty Increase and Tariff-Rate Quota on the Im- portation Into the United States of Certain Heavyweight Mo- torcycles By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation 1. Pursuant to section 201(d)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974 (the Trade Act) (19 U.S.C. 2251(d)(1)), as amended, the United States International Trade Com- mission (USITC) on February 1, 1983, reported to the President the results of its Investigation No. TA-201-47 under section 201(b) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2251(b)). The USITC determined that motorcycles having engines with total piston displacement over 700 cubic centimeters, provided for in item 692.50 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States (TSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202), are being imported into the United States in such increased quanti- ties as to be a substantial cause of the threat of serious injury to the do- mestic industry producing articles like or directly competitive with the im- ported articles. The USITC recommended the imposition of additional ad valorem duties on imports of such motorcycles of: 45 percent in the first year, 35 percent in the second year, 20 percent in the third year, 15 percent in the fourth year, and 10 percent in the fifth year. 2. On April 1, 1983, pursuant to section 202(b)(1) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2252(b)(1)), and after taking into account the considerations specified in section 202(c) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2252(c)), I determined to impose the additional duties recommended by the USITC, but with tariff-rate

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 PROCLAMATION 5050—APR. 15, 1983 97 STAT. 1575 quotas to assure small volume producers which have not contributed to the threat of injury continued access to the United States market. In order to treat Japan fairly, I determined to provide a tariff-rate quota also for arti- cles from Japan. On April 1, 1983, in accordance with section 203(b](l] of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2253(bKl]], I transmitted a report to the Congress setting forth the action I determined to take and the reason it differed from the action recommended by the USITC. 3. Section 503(c)(2) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2463(c)(2)) provides that no article shall be an eligible article for purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) for any period during which such article is the subject of any action proclaimed pursuant to section 203 of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2253). 4. Section 203(e)(1) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2253(e)(1)) requires that import relief be proclaimed and take effect within 15 days after the import relief determination date. 5. Pursuant to sections 203(a)(1), 203(e)(1), and 503(c)(2) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2253(a)(1), 2253(e)(1), and 2463(c)(2)), I am providing import relief through the temporary increase of import duties imposed in the form of tariff-rate quotas, and the suspension of GSP treatment, on certain motorcy- cles, as hereinafter proclaimed. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the statutes of the United States, including General Headnote 4 of the TSUS, sections 203, 503, and 604 of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2253, 2463, and 2483), and in accordance with Article XIX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (61 Stat. (pt. 5) A58; 8 UST (pt. 2) 1786), do pro- claim that— (1) Part I of Schedule XX to the GATT is modified to conform to the action 61 Stat. A1157. taken in Annex I to this proclamation. (2) Subpart B, part 6 of schedule 6 and subpart A, part 2 of the Appendix to the TSUS are modified as set forth in Annex I to this proclamation. (3)(a) Annex II of Executive Order No. 11888 of November 24, 1975, as 3 CFR, 1971- amended, listing articles that are eligible for benefits of the GSP when im- 1975 Comp., ported from any designated beneficiary developing country, is amended by P- deleting item 692.50 and substituting item o92.53, as added by Annex I to this proclamation, in heu thereof. (b) In order to restore GSP treatment for the motorcycles subject to import relief. Annex II of Executive Order No. 11888 of November 24, 1975, as amended, is further amended by inserting in numerical sequence item 692.52, as added by Annex I of this proclamation, effective upon the termi- nation of the import relief proclaimed herein or of any period of extension of such relief. (4) In order to provide staged reductions in the rates of duty for those new TSUS items created by Annex 1(b) to this proclamation. Annex III to Presi- dential Proclamation 4707 of December 11, 1979, as amended, is further 19 USC 2111 amended by Annex II to this proclamation, attached hereto and made a note. part thereof. (5) Whenever the column 1 rate of duty in the TSUS for any item specified in Annex 1(b) to this proclamation is reduced to the same level as, or to a lower level than, the corresponding rate of duty inserted in the column enti- tled "LDDC" by Annex 1(b) of this proclamation, the rate of duty in the column entitled "LDDC" for such item shall be deleted from the TSUS.

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 97 STAT. 1576 PROCLAMATION 5050—APR. 15, 1983 (6) With the exception of paragraph (3][b), this proclamation shall be effec- tive with respect to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for con- sumption, on or after April 16, 1983, and before the close of April 15, 1988, unless the period of its effectiveness is earlier expressly modified or termi- nated. (7) The Commissioner of Customs shall take such action as the United States Trade Representative shall direct in the implementation and admin- istration of the import relief herein proclaimed. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 15th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN ANNEX I (a) Subpart A, part 2 of the Appendix to the TSUS is modified— (1) by adding in numerical sequence the following new headnote 9: "9. Tariff-rate quota as to certain motorcycles; United States International Trade Commission (USITC) surveys on such motorcycles. — The provisions of this headnote apply to item 924.20 of this subpart and shall remain in effect through April 15, 1988. (a) The additional duties on motorcycles shall be assessed on each motorcycle imported in excess of the number of motorcycles provided for each of the following countries in any year from April 16 to April 15, inclusive, as set forth in this table: Restraint period April 16, 1983, through April 15, 1984 April 16, 1984, through April 15, 1985 April 16, 1985, through April 15, 1986 April 16, 1986, through April 15, 1987 April 16, 1987, through April 15, 1988 Quota quantity Federal Republic of German y 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,500 10,000 Japan 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 All other foreign countries 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 (b) the USITC shall conduct surveys with respect to the motorcycles subject to temporary duty increases as follows: (1) Quarterly. —Surveys by calendar quarter to obtain monthly data on U.S. production, U.S. pro- ducers' sales, shipments and inventories, U.S. importers' sales and inventories, imports for con- sumption, dealers' inventories, U.S. exports, employment, employee-hours, wages, prices, and ap- parent U.S. consumption. The initial survey shall cover the last quarter of 1982 and the first and second quarters of 1983; the last such survey shall cover the quarter which ends not less than 60 days prior to the termination of the import relief. The results of these surveys shall be published within 60 days of the end of the quarter. (2) Annually.— Annual surveys to obtain from domestic producers data by calendar quarter on profits, unfilled orders, and inventories, annual data on capital expenditures and capacity, and a summary on an annual basis of action taken to adjust to imports and of progress in the adjust- ment program; and to obtain from importers data by calendar quarter on prices, unfilled orders, and inventories. The initial survey shall cover calendar year 1983, and subsequent surveys shall cover calendar years beginning with 1984. The results of each such survey shall be published by the end of the first quarter of each year thereafter so long as the import relief is in effect." (2) by inserting in numerical sequence the following new item and rates of duty:

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 174 and obedience to their mandates be a sufficient test of genuineness) has sprung up out of the Awe inspired by the bull-roarer; and Mr. Lang's assertion may safely be endorsed that Animism, with the opportunities it affords for spiritualistic hocus-pocus, could serve to introduce therein a principle of degeneration only.

My other set of instances pertains to the fascinating subject of stone-worship—a subject, alas! from which I would fain illustrate my point at far greater length. Stones that are at all curious in shape, position, size, or colour—not to speak of properties derived from remarkable coincidences of all sorts—would seem specially designed by nature to appeal to primitive man's "supernaturalistic" tendency. A solitary pillar of rock, a crumpled volcanic boulder, a meteorite, a pebble resembling a pig, a yam, or an arrowhead, a piece of shining quartz, these and such as these are almost certain to be invested by his imagination with the vague but dreadful attributes of Powers. Nor, although to us nothing appears so utterly inanimate as a stone, is savage animatism in the least afraid to regard it as alive. Thus the Kanakas differentiate their sacred stones into males and females, and firmly believe that from time to time little stones appear at the side of the parent blocks. On the other hand, when a Banks' Islander sees a big stone with little stones around it, he says that there is a Vui (spirit) inside it, ready if properly conciliated to make the women bear many children and the sows large litters. Now, this is no longer Animatism, but Animism proper. A piece of sympathetic magic is explained in terms of spirit causation. The following case from the Baram district of Borneo is transitional. A man protects his fruit trees by placing near them certain round stones in cleft sticks. He then utters a curse, calling upon the stones to witness it: " May he who steals this fruit suffer from stones in the stomach as large as


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 PROCLAMATION 5050—APR. 15, 1983 97 STAT. 1577 Item "924.20 Articles Motorcycles provided for in item 692.52 having engines with total piston displace- ment over 700 cubic centi- meters, imported in ex cess of the quota quantities specified in headnote 9 to this subpart Rates of duty 1 1983 The rate pro- vided for in item 692.52 + 45% ad val. Effective on or after April 16, 1984 The rate pr o- vided for in item 692.52 -1- 35% ad val. 1985 The rate pr o- vided for in item 692.52 -1-20% ad val. 1986 The rate pro- vided for in item 692.52 + 15% ad val. 1987 The rate pro- vided for in item 692.52 -t-10% ad val. 2 The rate provided for in item 692.52, but not less than the rate which would have applied had the imported article been subject to the applicable column 1 rate of duty provided herein for this item" (b) Subpart B, part 6, schedule 6 of the TSUS is modified by deleting item 692.50 and by inserting in lieu thereof the following: [Motorcycles...:] "Motorcycles: 692.52 Having engines with total piston displace- ment over 700 cubic centimeters 4.4% ad val. 692.53 Other 4.4% ad val. 3.7% ad val 10% ad val. 3.7% ad val 10% ad val. '

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 97 STAT. 1578 PROCLAMATION 5051—APR. 15, 1983 ANNEX II Annex III to Presidential Proclamation 4707 of December 11, 1979, is amended by deleting from Section A of that Annex TSUS item number 692.50 with its corresponding rates of duty and by inserting the following TSUS item numbers, rates of duty, and footnotes therein: Item in TSUS as modified by Annex II Rate from which staged Rates of duty', effective with respect to articles entered on and after January 1 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 '692.50 '692.52 '692.53 5% ad val. n n Pet. 4.8 n Pet. 4.7 {') Pet. 4.5

Pet. " 4.4 "4.4 "4.4 n4.2 4.2 Pet. n 4 4 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 •* Item 692.50 is discontinued and superseded by items 692.52 and 692.53 effective April 16, 1983. Proclamation 5051 of April 15, 1983 National Mental Health Week, 1983 Ante, p.63. By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Mental illness costs this Nation more than $50 billion a year and contrib- utes to declining productivity and rising health costs. Approximately 35 mil- lion people a year suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder. In addition, millions more seek professional assistance to alleviate the physical and emotional problems created by excessive stress. These facts and figures, however, cannot describe the high cost in human suffering from mental illness. Incapacitation—most often temporary but per- manent for some—may result from severe depression, crippling anxieties, or other manifestations of mental disorders. Yet public fear and misunder- standing of their illnesses place additional burdens on the afflicted and their families. It is important that the public understand that major advancements brought about by science have made mental illnesses and stress-related disorders greatly amenable to treatment. New technologies have added significantly to the numbers of patients who have improved or recovered following treat- ment and promise further advances. In recognition of the importance for our Nation of the treatment, care and support for the mentally ill provided by health professionals, volunteers, and family members, the Congress, by Senate Joint Resolution 52, has au- thorized and requested the President to issue a proclamation designating the week of April 10 through April 16, 1983, as National Mental Health Week. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate the week beginning on April 10, 1983, as National Mental Health Week. I call upon health professionals, educators, communications media, the business community, individuals, and public and private organizations concerned with the welfare of their fellow citi- zens to seek and encourage better understanding of mental disorders and to honor those whose studies, treatment, and support have brought palpable gains and welcome hope to the mentally ill.

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 PROCLAMATION 5052—APR. 15, 1983 97 STAT. 1579 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5052 of April 15, 1983 Law Day U.S.A., 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Our Founding Fathers were guided by a belief in the dignity of the individu- al when they framed our system of government. The Constitution and the Bill of Rights guarantee the blessings of liberty to all, regardless of race, religion, or national origin. These cherished documents bequeath to all Americans the right to equal justice under law and the means to safeguard this right through the legal system. Today marks our Nation's twenty-sixth annual celebration of Law Day, a day set aside for all Americans to reflect on our legal heritage, the rights we enjoy under our democracy, and the role of law in our society. The theme of this year's Law Day observance is "Sharing in Justice," highlight- ing both the rights and the responsibilities of each citizen as a participant in shaping and protecting our laws and system of justice. Each new generation of Americans inherits as a birthright the legal protec- tions secured, protected, and expanded by the vigilance and sacrifice of preceding generations. These rights—freedom of speech, trial by jury, per- sonal liberty, a representative and limited government, and equal protection of the laws, to name but a few—give every citizen a vested interest in American justice. Active participation in our system serves to protect these interests and pre- serve them for future generations. It is participation that begins in our own neighborhoods, at town meetings, and during open sessions of city govern- ment. Meaningful sharing and participation in our system of justice must start where one is affected most: close to home. This is the basis and strength of our Federal system. Sharing in justice also means working for objectives within the legal system, voting thoughtfully and intelligently, ex- pressing views to our elected representatives, serving as jurors, and volun- teering to make our neighborhoods, schools, and communities better places for all. The continuous involvement of the people with all levels of govern- ment makes our system of justice work. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, in accordance with Public Law 87-20 of April 7, 1961, do 36 USC 164. hereby proclaim Sunday, May 1, 1983, as Law Day U.S.A., and I invite the American people to observe this event with programs emphasizing the need for each citizen to share and participate in our system of justice. I call upon the legal profession, schools, civic, service, and fraternal organi- zations, public bodies, libraries, the courts, all media of public information, business, the clergy, and all interested individuals and organizations to focus attention on our Nation's dedication to justice. I also call upon all

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 97 STAT. 1580 PROCLAMATION 5053—APR. 19, 1983 public officials to display the flag of the United States on all government buildings open on Law Day, May 1, 1983. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 15th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5053 of April 19, 1983 Jewish Heritage Week, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation American Jews have made significant contributions to every phase of American life. They have served this Nation by fighting for her freedom, building her industry, working for her goals, and nurturing her dreams. They have brought distinction to every field of American endeavor and have participated in the cultural development, economic growth, and spirit- ual progress of America. The Jewish people remain dedicated to ancient and revered traditions which have been severely tested over the centuries. From the observance of Passover, which tells the story of the passage from bondage to freedom and rekindles the hope for all who are oppressed, through the participation in the National Days of Remembrance honoring the victims and survivors of the Holocaust and the anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Jews pay tribute to their past. Each spring, the American Jewish community remembers its struggles, cele- brates its achievements, and renews its commitment to a future of contin- ued advancement. It is during this time that American Jews renew their common heritage with Jews throughout the world by celebrating such occa- sions as Israel's Independence Day and Solidarity Day for Soviet Jews. In particular, these Jewish traditions have been honored in 1983 by the Ameri- can Gathering of Holocaust Survivors. In recognition of the special significance of this time of year to American Jews, in tribute to the important contributions they have made to American life, and in tribute to the cultural diversity of the American people, the Con- Ante, p. 64. gress of the United States, by House Joint Resolution 80, has authorized and requested the President to proclaim April 17 through April 24, 1983, as Jewish Heritage Week. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week beginning April 17, 1983, as Jewish Heritage Week. I call upon the people of the United States, Federal, State and local government officials, and interested organizations to ob- serve that week with appropriate ceremonies, activities, and reflection. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 19th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN

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 PROCLAMATION 5055—APR. 22, 1983 97 STAT. 1581 Proclamation 5054 of April 20, 1983 Death of Federal Diplomatic and Military Personnel in Beirut, Lebanon By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation As a mark of respect for the American diplomats, military personnel and loyal staff members who died violently in the performance of their duty on April 18, 1983, in the tragic bombing of the United States Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, I hereby order, by virtue of the authority vested in me as Presi- dent of the United States of America by Section 175 of Title 36 of the United States Code, that the flag of the United States shall be flown at half- staff upon all public buildings and grounds, at all military posts and naval stations, and on all naval vessels of the Federal government in the District of Columbia and throughout the United States and its Territories and pos- sessions through Tuesday, April 26, 1983. I also direct that the flag shall be flown at half-staff for the same length of time at all United States embas- sies, legations, consular offices, and other facilities abroad, including all military facilities and naval vessels and stations. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 20th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5055 of April 22, 1983 National Farm Safety Week, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Many of the world's people depend on American agriculture to fill their food and fiber needs. Yet, the efficiency of American agriculture and the quality of life for those who work on the land are impaired by a high acci- dent rate. Many farm and ranch families, both owners and workers, suffer great personal sorrow and economic loss each year because of serious inju- ries or fatal accidents. It is particularly unfortunate that farm children and teenagers often are the victims of these accidents. Although great progress has been made in improving safety on farms, much work remains to be done. It is important that community leaders and public officials continue to contribute their time and effort to promoting accident prevention programs. But real progress in safety must start with the individ- ual. Most farm accidents can be prevented if safe work methods are fol- lowed and appropriate protective equipment used. If our farmers and ranch- ers develop strong safety habits while at work, in the home, in recreational pursuits, and while driving on the road, our safety record will improve fur- ther. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate the week of September 18 through Septem-

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 97 STAT. 1582 PROCLAMATION 5056—APR. 26, 1983 ber 24, 1983, as National Farm Safety Week. I urge all persons who live and work on the Nation's farms and ranches to make safety a daily part of ac- tivities on the job, at home or on the highway. I also urge those who work with and service America's farms and ranches to support safety efforts in every way possible. I call upon parents especially to teach their children good safety practices and instill in them a positive attitude toward safety which will serve them well throughout their lives. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 22nd day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5056 of April 26, 1983 National Physical Fitness and Sports Month, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Regular, vigorous physical activity is essential to good health and effective performance of our daily responsibilities. In addition, physical activity and sports programs can provide rich sources of personal pleasure and satisfac- tion. Many individuals, families, communities, and others are increasingly con- cerned about physical fitness, and there is a growing recognition that physi- cal activity is an important part of daily life for people of both sexes and all ages. Americans who are not reaping the benefits and pleasures of phys- ical activity and sports should develop a personal physical fitness program in accordance with their capability. In recognition of the importance of physical activity as a part of our daily Ante, p. 174. life, the Congress, by Senate Joint Resolution 53, has authorized and re- quested the President to designate the month of May 1983 as "National Physical Fitness and Sports Month." NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the month of May 1983 as National Physi- cal Fitness and Sports Month and urge communities, schools. States, em- ployers, voluntary organizations, churches, and other organizations to stage appropriate observances and special events. Furthermore, I urge individuals and families to use this occasion to renew their commitments to make regu- lar physical activity an integral part of their lives. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 26th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN

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 PROCLAMATION 5058—MAY 6, 1983 97 STAT. 1583 Proclamation 5057 of April 29, 1983 National Year of Voluntarism By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Voluntarism is a cornerstone of the American way of life and a fundamen- tal characteristic of our American heritage. The generosity and civic-min- dedness of the American people has long been a noted aspect of our Nation. Since its inception, this has been a country in which neighbor has lent a hand to neighbor, and families have banded together to help one an- other in times of adversity. Voluntary service remains as important today as it was in earlier decades. We cannot rely solely on institutions of government to provide remedies for our problems. Many of the solutions must be devised and supported by other individuals and private groups. Greater emphasis must be placed on developing increased community commitment to voluntary service and on developing more volunteer leaders. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, in recognition of the vital contributions volunteers make to our society, do hereby designate the period beginning on May 1, 1983 until April 30, 1984 as the National Year of Voluntarism, and I call upon the people of the United States and interested groups and organizations to observe this celebration with appropriate activities of voluntary service and efforts to attract additional persons to this valuable and rewarding tradition. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 29th day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5058 of May 6, 1983 Older Americans Month, 1983 By The President of the United States of America A Proclamation Throughout our history, the American people have held a special place in their hearts for our older citizens. From this Nation's earliest days, when the wisdom and eloquence of our elder statesmen played such an important role in the creation of our Repub- lic, to this era of renewed private sector initiative, where so many of our senior citizens toil in volunteer armies of community service across the land, older Americans remain a vital force in our national life.

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 97 STAT. 1584 PROCLAMATION 5059—MAY 10, 1983 We recognize that no single group in our society has done more to build America and to shape our national character than our nearly thirty-three million older citizens. We treasure their continuing involvement and the unique understanding they bring to us. Their wisdom, experience, insights, and accomplishments merit an invaluable place in our culture and econo- my. Through hard work and creativity, our older Americans have made enor- mous contributions throughout their lives to preserve our way of life and our standard of living. Now we must keep faith with them. It is our responsibility to protect them by reducing inflation—that monster which eats at savings and pensions and destroys the independence and well-being of our older Americans. Of particular importance to our older citizens is the integrity of their pen- sion funds. The recent rise in business confidence and the resulting surge in the net worth of investments have significantly increased the value of America's pension funds. These developments remind us that the most im- portant step we can take for all Americans, but especially our senior citi- zens, is to follow economic policies that will create noninflationary growth. It is also our responsibility to keep faith with our older citizens by guaran- teeing a secure and stable social security system so they might live in digni- 42 USC 1305. ty. The recent amendments to the Social Security Act assure the elderly that America will always uphold the promises made in troubled times a half-century ago. The future of our older Americans should be as sweet as the memories of their youth. I believe the future for our older citizens holds as much promise as the achievements of their past. In this twenty-first annual observance of Older Americans Month, we celebrate that potential. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the month of May 1983 as Older Americans Month. I ask public officials at all levels, community agencies, educators, the clergy, the communications media, and the American people to take this opportunity to honor older Americans and to consider how we may make it possible for them to enjoy their later years. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5059 of May 10, 1983 Flag Day and National Flag Week, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Two hundred eight years ago, the first distinctive American flags were flown over the colonial defenses during the Battle of Bunker Hill. One flag

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 PROCLAMATION 5059—MAY 10, 1983 97 STAT. 1585 was an adaptation of the British Blue Ensign while the other had a new design. Both flags bore a pine tree, symbol of the struggle colonial Ameri- cans undertook to wrest their land from the forests. As the colonials moved toward a final separation from Britain, other flags with various symbols appeared to inform the world of the hopes, dreams, and challenges of the new Nation. Many of the early American flags carried such mottoes as "Liberty or Death" or "Don't Tread on Me" to reflect the courage and quest for freedom which motivated our forefathers and gave birth to our Nation. Two years after the Batfle of Bunker Hill, the Continental Congress chose a flag which, tellingly, expressed the unity and resolve of the patriots who had banded together to seek independence. The delegates voted "that the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field representing a new constellation." Two centuries later, with the addition of thirty-seven stars, this flag still symbolizes our shared commitment to freedom and equality. It carries a message of hope to the downtrodden, opportunity to the oppressed, and peace to all mankind. As challenges face our Nation today, the "Stars and Stripes" continues to remind each of us of the sacrifices and determination which built this Nation. It signals the great land of opportunity that our forefathers carved out of the wilderness and gave their lives to make free so many years ago. Now it is our responsibility to remember the great price that has been paid to keep our flag flying free today and our privilege to ensure that it will keep flying free for future generations. To commemorate the adoption of our flag, the Congress, by a joint resolu- tion approved August 3, 1949 (63 Stat. 492), designated June 14 of each year 36 USC 157. as Flag Day and requested the President to issue an annual proclamation calling for its observance and the display of the flag of the United States on all Government buildings. The Congress also requested the President, by a joint resolution approved June 9, 1966 (80 Stat. 194], to issue annually a 36 USC 157a. proclamation designating the week in which June 14 occurs as National Flag Week and calling upon all citizens of the United States to display the flag during that week. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate June 14, 1983, as Flag Day and the week beginning June 12, 1983, as National Flag Week, and I direct the appropriate officials of the Government to display the flag on all government buildings during that week. I urge all Americans to observe Flag Day, June 14, and National Flag Week by flying the "Stars and Stripes" from their homes and other suitable places. I also urge the American people to celebrate those days from Flag Day through Independence Day, set aside by Congress as a time to honor Amer- ica (89 Stat. 211], by having public gatherings and activities at which they 36 USC 157b. can honor their country in an appropriate manner. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 10th day of May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN

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 97 STAT. 1586 PROCLAMATION 5060—MAY 11, 1983 Proclamation 5060 of May 11, 1983 National Amateur Baseball Month, 1983 By The President of the United States of America A Proclamation The game of baseball originated in the United States of America approxi- mately 150 years ago and quickly became a fixture of community life. Today baseball diamonds dot parks, playgrounds, and schoolyards across the land, and virtually every village, town, and neighborhood has its own team, or teams. No summer would be complete without its schedule of games and championship playoffs. Baseball is affectionately known as the "national pastime" because of its popularity as both a participant and spectator sport. Some 19 million chil- dren, youths, and adults play amateur baseball in the United States, and many millions more attend amateur contests as spectators each year. This vast program is made possible by generous contributions of time, effort, and financial support by millions of individuals representing business, fra- ternal, civic, religious and service organizations. Baseball has achieved its greatest popularity and highest level of perfection in the United States, but it is rapidly gaining acceptance elsewhere. In Europe, and in Japan and other Far Eastern countries, there is growing rec- ognition of baseball's great entertainment value and its effectiveness as a means of instilling those qualities of teamwork and fair play that are essen- tial to good citizenship. This recognition is reflected in the fact that base- ball will be a part of the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Because amateur baseball plays such an important role in our lives, and be- cause millions of Americans are involved in the game as players, fans, and supporters, it is fitting that we should celebrate this uniquely American ac- tivity. In recognition of the wholesome recreation, good sportsmanship, competi- tiveness, and teamwork so necessary in developing good citizenship which the game of baseball affords, the Congress of the United States, by House Ante, p. 57. Joint Resolution 175 (P.L. 98-16), has designated the month of May 1983 as "National Amateur Baseball Month" and has authorized and requested the President to issue a proclamation in observance of that month. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the month of May 1983 as National Ama- teur Baseball Month, and I call upon the people of the United States to ob- serve such month with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities, so as to testify to the great and significant value of amateur baseball to the American way of life. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 11th day of May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Editorial Note: For the President's remarks of May 11, 1983, on signing Proclamation 5060, see the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents (vol. 19, p. 699).

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 PROCLAMATION 5061—MAY 12, 1983 97 STAT. 1587 Proclamation 5061 of May 12, 1983 National Parkinson's Disease Week, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Nearly half a million Americans suffer from Parkinson's disease, a progres- sive disorder of the nervous system. We know now that their symptoms of tremor and muscle stiffness are related to a chemical deficiency in the part of the brain that controls movement, but there is far more to learn about this disease. Several drugs developed since World War II have enabled thousands of Parkinson's patients to function more fully. Rigorous research is still needed, however, to provide more information about this disease and to de- velop new and improved therapies. Scientists must continue to explore pos- sible causes of Parkinson's disease and search for ways to prevent the dis- order or lessen its effect. Many of the scientists studying Parkinson's disease receive support from the Federal government through the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and privately through four voluntary organizations: the American Parkinson Disease Association, the National Parkinson Foundation, Inc., the Parkinson's Disease Foundation, and the United Parkinson Foundation. I commend these voluntary groups and the scientists who devote their efforts toward conquering this disease. I also note the courage and resourcefulness of Parkinson's disease patients in overcoming their dis- order and in helping other patients and families deal with the effects of this disease. In order to emphasize the role of research in conquering Parkinson's dis- ease and encourage continued private and Federal support of this research, the Congress, by Senate Joint Resolution 62, has designated the week begin- Ante, p. 187. ning May 15, 1983 as "National Parkinson's Disease Week" and has author- ized and requested the President to issue a proclamation in observance of that week. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week beginning May 15, 1983 as Na- tional Parkinson's Disease Week. I urge physicians, scientists, and govern- ment and private agencies concerned with Parkinson's disease to sponsor activities which will inform Americans about this illness and the need for continued research. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 12th. day of May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN

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 97 STAT. 1588 PROCLAMATION 5062—MAY 17, 1983 Proclamation 5062 of May 17, 1983 Management Week in America, 1983 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The high level of competence and dedication of the members of the man- agement profession has contributed significantly to the success of the American economy. Management skills are particularly important at the present time because of the need for increased productivity to allow our goods and services to compete more successfully in both domestic and world markets. We urge those with management responsibilities to continue to improve their skills. It is important that we acknowledge the essential role of management in ensuring the strength of the American economy, both in the past and for the future. We hope that public recognition of the vital role managerial person- nel play in furthering the goals of our society will encourage and inspire young Americans to consider management as a career. In recognition of the essential role of this profession in ensuring the contin- ued strength of the American economy, the Congress, by House Joint Reso- 96 Stat. 242. lution 225, has designated the week beginning on June 5, 1983, as "Manage- ment Week in America" and has authorized and requested the President to issue a proclamation in observance of that week. NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week beginning June 5, 1983, as Man- agement Week in America and call upon the American people to observe that week with appropriate ceremonies and activities. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 17th day of May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and sev- enth. RONALD REAGAN Proclamation 5063 of May 18, 1983 National Andrei Sakharov Day By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Dr. Andrei Sakharov has earned the admiration and gratitude of the people of the United States and other countries throughout the world for his tire- less and courageous efforts on behalf of international peace and on behalf of basic human freedoms for the peoples of the Soviet Union. In recognition of this work. Dr. Sakharov was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. Soviet authorities prevented Dr. Sakharov from receiving this award in person by prohibiting him from leaving the Soviet Union. In the face of continuous harassment and mistreatment by the Soviet au- thorities. Dr. Sakharov has continued his work for peace and individual human rights. Despite his exile to the remote city of Gorkiy on January 22, 1980, and despite continued efforts by the Soviet authorities to deny Dr.

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