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418 I talked to them of what I had seen at Ilfracombe. I only heard of carrying or burning effigies at Ludlow, where "Bonfire Day" or "Night" was a rowdy occasion, and the "Guys" frequently represented unpopular local personages, as well as the historical Fawkes.

From the evidence so far one might have been inclined, nothwithstanding the cases of Lewes and Guildford, to suggest that effigy-burning was a seafaring custom, but the inland instances of Ludlow, Bedford, South Nottinghamshire, Cheltenham, Minchinhampton, and Nailsworth (Gloucestershire), and Headington, near Oxford, in all of which places "Guys" are in evidence, forbid this idea.

In Lancashire, according to Harland and Wilkinson's Lancashire Folklore, the Fifth of November is kept "in towns by the effigy of Guy Fawkes being paraded about the streets and burnt at night with great rejoicing, and by the discharge of fireworks. In the country the more common celebration is confined to huge bonfires, and the firing of pistols and fireworks." In some places the boys go about begging coal for the bonfire for some days previously. But the practice of effigy-burning or otherwise is not invariably a matter of town versus country, for in the villages of South Nottinghamshire it was always usual. Local religious sympathies, as Miss Peacock suggests, no doubt had a


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Page:Pictures From Italy.djvu/48

 We were off Nice, early next morning, and coasted along, within a few miles of the Cornice road (of which more in its place) nearly all day. We could see Genoa before three; and watching it as it gradually developed its splendid amphitheatre, terrace rising above terrace, garden above garden, palace above palace, height upon height, was ample occupation for us, till we ran into the stately harbour. Having been duly astonished, here, by the sight of a few Cappuccíni monks, who were watching the fair-weighing of some wood upon the wharf, we drove off to Albaro, two miles distant, where we had engaged a house.

The way lay through the main streets, but not through the Strada Nuova, or the Strada Balbi, which are the famous streets of palaces. I never, in my life, was so dismayed! The wonderful novelty of everything, the unusual smells, the unaccountable filth (though it is reckoned the cleanest of Italian towns), the disorderly jumbling of dirty houses, one upon the roof of another; the passages more squalid and more close than any in Saint Giles's, or old Paris: in and out of which, not vagabonds, but well-dressed women, with white veils and great fans, were passing and repassing; the perfect absence of resemblance in any dwelling-house, or shop, or wall, or post, or pillar, to anything one had ever seen before; and the disheartening dirt, discomfort, and decay; perfectly confounded me. I fell into a dismal reverie. I am conscious of a feverish and bewildered vision of saints and virgins' shrines at the street corners—of great numbers of friars, monks, and soldiers—of

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Page:Pictures From Italy.djvu/48


text: User:TalBot/soft redirect maintenance/March 2011/exceptions


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Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 23, 1912.djvu/447

 Rh youths run about with burning besoms dipped in tar; while the children dance and shout,

But there is no mention of a Guy nor of a procession. In fact, but for the date and the rhyme, the whole festival might be just the same had the "plot" never been "contrived To blow up the King and the parliament alive."

Though the day is not kept in the East Riding villages with the ceremonial usual in towns, yet you will notice that it is not relegated to the small boys only, as in most country places, but observed as a general holiday, equally with the Duffield Hallowmas Wake in Derbyshire. The reason why it thus flourishes probably lies in the fact that Yorkshire and Derbyshire are among the few counties in England where the servants' annual hirings take place in November, when the year's work on the land is completed, and the winter season begins. For the first of May and the first of November are still reckoned by old-fashioned people as the beginning of the two seasons. Summer and Winter, and the beginning of Winter, among Celtic and Teutonic peoples alike, was anciently the beginning of the year. And to farming men of Peakland and the East Riding, who move from place to place at the beginning of November, Winter is in a very real sense the beginning of the year. A general holiday, rejoicing over a year's work completed and a year's wages earned, and a bonfire to make a clearance of the year's accumulated rubbish, even to the old brooms with which it has been swept up, forms a very appropriate winding-up of their term of service, even apart from any more mystical associations, any "looking before and after," any memories of the Departed, any pryings into futurity,


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Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 23, 1912.djvu/448

 424 that may accompany the sports. If Guy Fawkes' Day superseded Hallow E'en, it superseded not only a festival of the Church, but an indefinitely ancient New Year celebration.

In the Island of Guernsey, Guy Fawkes was of course unknown. But in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, on New Year's Eve, the boys were wont "to dress up a grotesque figure which they called "le vieux bout de l'an, and after parading it through the streets by torchlight, to end by burying it on the beach in some retired spot, or to make a bonfire and burn it. The practice fell into abeyance, but "some time in the second quarter of the nineteenth century an English family of small farmers started a Guy Fawkes celebration in the island. To the country people the name 'Guy Fawkes' meant nothing," but the resemblance to their ovv^n custom must have struck them forcibly, for they invariably called the "Guy" the "bout de l'an," or, as they spelt it, "budloe."

And now I want to launch a theory. The dates chosen for annual bonfire festivities are always on the eve of the festival, not on the day itself. We have the Beltane fires on May Eve, the St. John's fires on Midsummer Eve, the November fires on Allhallows Eve, the Yule-log on Christmas Eve: we also have the carrying of the Clavie or burning tar-barrel round the town of Burghead (in Morayshire) on New Year's Eve, and the similar fire-festival of Uphellya Night in Shetland on the same date. I should like to suggest that fire-festivals here and elsewhere mark the end of the old year or the end of a particular season,—according to the calendar observed,—just as the lighting or giving of new fire marks the beginning of a new one. The bonfire is a destruction of the bad luck and rubbish of the past, so that it shall never return to vex the future, something as the destruction of the property of a dead man by fire or water prevents his ghost from returning to haunt the


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Rh living. For bad luck and ghosts have this in common, that they are both conceived of as something haunting, clinging, difficult to be got rid of. It may be remembered that, when Mr. T. W. Thompson mentioned to a gipsy woman that he proposed to visit a rival family of gipsies, she begged him to do no such thing, for he would come back and bring all their bad luck and poverty and disease in his clothes and give it to her children. And only a few months back an Irishman told me of "the Parson's Bush near me home at Elphin, where a parson kem to a violent ind, and whin some men wint to cut it down it bled, and they had to lave it, for that was his shilter, his Purgatory, clinging to the leaves, for ye can have yer Purgatory anny wheer and they say the air is full of sperrits."

Just as the ghost is banished by burning its clothes, so, it strikes me, is the bad luck of the past year or season banished by burning its rubbish on the eve of a new one. It would take the wide reading, the industry, and the skill of a Dr. J. G. Frazer to work out and fully establish this idea, and I will now only mention one or two cases which seem to support it. The North Indian Diwali or Feast of Lamps is held on the last day of the moon in the month Kartik (October-November). On this night all the houses are cleaned, set in order, and lighted up, to receive the souls of the dead, who are expected to re-visit their homes. A woman takes a winnowing-sieve and a house-broom and beats them in every corner of the house, saying, "God abide and poverty depart!" The well-known Holi Festival of the Hindus has probably, says Mr. Crooke, been adopted by them from the Dravidian tribes. It occurs in early spring, at the full moon of the month Phalgun. On this occasion, in Nepál, a decorated wooden post is burnt in front of the palace, and represents the burning of the body of the Old Year, And among the hill-tribes of Mirzapur, the Baiga or village priest burns a stake, a rite which is


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Page:Pictures From Italy.djvu/49

Rh vast red curtains, waving in the door-ways of the churches—of always going up hill, and yet seeing every other street and passage going higher up—of fruit-stalls, with fresh lemons and oranges hanging in garlands made of vine-leaves—of a guard-house, and a drawbridge—and some gateways—and vendors of iced water, sitting with little trays upon the margin of the kennel—and this is all the consciousness I had, until I was set down in a rank, dull, weedy court-yard, attached to a kind of pink jail; and was told I lived there. I little thought, that day, that I should ever come to have an attachment for the very stones in the streets of Genoa, and to look back upon the city with affection as connected with many hours of happiness and quiet! But these are my first impressions honestly set down; and how they changed, I will set down too. At present, let us breathe after this long-winded journey.

title: Page:Pictures From Italy.djvu/49


text: Pictures From Italy/Chapter 5

title: Pictures From Italy/Chapter 5


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 426 called sambat jalána, "the burning of the Old Year." From this date the New Year begins, says Mr, Crooke.

At the meeting of the Anthropological Institute on March 5th last, Mr. N. W. Thomas showed a photograph of one of the groves in which the women in some of the tribes of Southern Nigeria throw all their old brooms and pots at the end of the Old Year. They do not burn them, but store them as it were in these groves, where they are never touched, for it would bring back all the bad luck of last year to disturb them.

To sum up:—I take it that the celebration of Guy Fawkes' Day may be considered as an ecclesiastico-political festival instituted in the early seventeenth century. It was, and is, confined to England, where it took root sporadically, more in the South than the North, more in towns than in the country, and its observance was a good deal affected by local theological leanings. It superseded the older festival of Hallowmas, taking over the bonfires, the bell-ringing, and the general liberty which characterized the older festival, and in some cases also the festival cakes. But it did not adopt the divinations, nor the charitable old custom of remembrance of the departed, which was out of harmony with the theology of the time; and Hallowmas lingered on beside it with "maimed rites" as an ecclesiastical festival and an agricultural date. The First of November and the First of May are still, in country places, the dates for beginning and leaving off fires, housing the cattle for the winter and turning them out to pasture in the summer. May and November, or Whitsuntide and Martinmas, are the times for entering into yearly or half-yearly tenancies or service contracts in many parts of England as well as in Scotland; and, most curious of all, the chief magistrate of every municipality in England still observes the ancient pre-Roman calendar, and enters on his year of office in November.

.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/William II


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Page:Pictures From Italy.djvu/50

 GENOA AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD.

first impressions of such a place as, the suburb of Genoa where I am now, as my American friends would say, "located," can hardly fail, I should imagine, to be mournful and disappointing. It requires a little time and use to overcome the feeling of depression consequent, at first, on so much ruin and neglect. Novelty, pleasant to most people, is particularly delightful, I think, to me. I am not easily dispirited when I have the means of pursuing my own fancies and occupations; and I believe I have some natural aptitude for accommodating myself to circumstances. But, as yet, I stroll about here, in all the holes and corners of the neighbourhood, in a perpetual state of forlorn surprise; and returning to my villa; the Villa Bagnerello; (it sounds romantic, but Signor Bagnerello is a butcher hard by,) have sufficient occupation in pondering over my new experiences, and comparing them, very much to my own amusement, with my expectations, until I wander out again. The Villa Bagnerello: or the Pink Jail, a far more expressive name for the mansion: is in one of

title: Page:Pictures From Italy.djvu/50


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Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 23, 1912.djvu/451

 MODERN RUSSIAN POPULAR SONGS.

BY M. TROPHIMOFF.

(Read at Meeting, Nov. 20th, 1912.)

collectors of Russian folk-songs have already laid stress on the fact that the old songs are gradually losing their character, and indeed passing into oblivion. Recent observers have frequently dwelt on the general impoverishment, and indeed on the actual decline, of the ancient poetical creative faculty, of which the products have been ousted by poetry of the modern school.

The old poetry might have been expected to survive, if anywhere, in the northern districts of Russia, thanks to their special historical and cultural conditions, yet even there the ancient folk-songs which formed the delight of our ancestors are suffering decay and threaten to disappear. This is what an observer, Mr. Istomin, wrote in the preface to Songs of the Russian People collected in the Governments of Olonctz and Archangel in 1886:—"Judging partly by the materials we have collected, and more particularly by my personal impressions from the intercourse with the inhabitants of the countries which we have visited, we cannot but arrive at the depressing conclusion that in modern times, in nearly all the districts visited by us, popular songs are being forgotten. The modern youth among the peasantry, even in those remote districts, begin to look coldly on the old folk-songs, and this is particularly true of the younger generation." Similar evidence is given by a traveller,


text: Folk-Lore/Volume 23/Guy Fawkes' Day

title: Folk-Lore/Volume 23/Guy Fawkes' Day


text:
Page:Pictures From Italy.djvu/51

Rh the most splendid situations imaginable. The noble bay of Genoa, with the deep blue Mediterranean, lie stretched out near at hand; monstrous old desolate houses and palaces are dotted all about; lofty hills, with their tops often hidden in the clouds, and with strong forts perched high up on their craggy sides, are close upon the left; and in front, stretching from the walls of the house, down to a ruined chapel which stands upon the bold and picturesque rocks on the sea-shore, are green vineyards, where you may wander all day long in partial shade, through interminable vistas of grapes, trained on a rough trellis-work across the narrow paths.

This sequestered spot is approached by lanes so very narrow, that when we arrived at the Custom-house, we found the people here, had taken the measure of the narrowest among them, and were waiting to apply it to the carriage; which ceremony was gravely performed in the street, while we all stood by, in breathless suspense. It was found to be a very tight fit, but just a possibility, and no more—as I am reminded every day, by the sight of various large holes which it punched in the walls on either side as it came along. We are more fortunate, I am told, than an old lady who took a house in these parts not long ago, and who stuck fast in her carriage in a lane; and as it was impossible to open one of the doors, she was obliged to submit to the indignity of being hauled through one of the little front windows, like a harlequin.

When you have got through these narrow lanes, you come to an archway, imperfectly stopped up by a

title: Page:Pictures From Italy.djvu/51


text:
Author:John Macpherson (1817-1890)

Works

 * "The Baths and Wells of Europe
 * (Medical (in part))

title: Author:John Macpherson (1817-1890)


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Page:Pictures From Italy.djvu/52

40 rusty old gate—my gate. The rusty old gate has a bell to correspond, which you ring as long as you like, and which nobody answers, as it has no connexion whatever with the house. But there is a rusty old knocker, too—very loose, so that it slides round when you touch it—and if you learn the trick of it, and knock long enough, somebody comes. The Brave Courier comes, and gives you admittance. You walk into a seedy little garden, all wild and weedy, from which the vineyard opens; cross it, enter a square hall like a cellar, walk up a cracked marble staircase, and pass into a most enormous room with a vaulted roof with whitewashed walls: not unlike a great methodist chapel. This is the sala. It has five windows and five doors, and is decorated with pictures which would gladden the heart of one of those picture-cleaners in London who hang up, as a sign, a picture divided, like death and the lady, at the top of the old ballad: which always leaves you in a state of uncertainty whether the ingenious professor has cleaned one half or dirtied the other. The furniture of this sala is a sort of red brocade. All the chairs are immovable, and the sofa weighs several tons.

On the same floor, and opening out of this same chamber, are dining-room, drawing-room, and divers bed-rooms: each with a multiplicity of doors and windows. Up stairs are divers other gaunt chambers, and a kitchen; and down stairs is another kitchen, which, with all sorts of strange contrivances for burning charcoal, looks like an alchemical laboratory. There are also some half-dozen small sitting-rooms, where the

title: Page:Pictures From Italy.djvu/52


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Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/137

Rh presents in its various combinations with really foreign themes, there is great difficulty in getting at the outline of the original story or even the characteristics common to all the known variants. To do this satisfactorily would require a searching and detailed study, which it is impossible to undertake here,—an examination with The Water of Life as the point of attack. It is possible, however, to arrive at a rough sketch of the theme.

"Dans tous ces contes," says Cosquin, in his notes on The Water of Life "trois princes vont chercher pour leur père l'eau de la vie ou un fruit merveilleux qui doit le guérir, et c'est le plus jeune qui réussit dans cette entreprise. Dans plusieurs . . . les deux âinés font des dettes, et ils sont au moment d'être pendus, quand leur frère paie les créanciers (dans des contes allemands et dans les contes autrichiens, malgré l'avis que lui avait donné un hermite, un nain ou des animaux reconaissants, de ne pas acheter de 'gibier de potence'). II est tué par eux ou, dans un conte allemand (Meier, no. 5), jeté dans un grand trou; mais ensuite il est rappelé à la vie dans des circonstances qu'il serait trop long d'expliquer."

Dr. Wünsche's summary is somewhat different: "Gewöhnlich handelt es sich um einen König und seine drei Söhne. Der König leidet an einer schlimmen Krankheit, von der ihn kein Arzt zu heilen vermag. Da wird ihm durch irgendeine Gelegenheit die Kunde, dass er von seinem Siechtum durch das Lebenswasser eines fernen Landes befreit werden könne. Aus Liebe zu ihrem Vater machen sich die drei Söhne nacheinander auf den Weg, das Lebenswasser zu holen. Doch die beiden altesten erliegen den auf dem Wege ihnen begegnenden Versuchungen, nur der jüngste ist wegen seiner Standhaftigkeit und Bescheidenheit so glücklich, es zu erhalten. Ein Riese, ein Zwerg, ein alter Mann oder ein alte Frau

title: Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/137


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Rh Sanders, from the quaint old Massachusetts town of Salem. The work of an orderly on foot, under the blazing sun, through the hot and matted jungle, was very severe, and finally the heat overcame him. He dropped; nor did he ever recover fully, and later he died from fever. In his place I summoned a trooper whose name I did not know. Shortly afterward, while sitting beside the bank, I directed him to go back and ask whatever general he came across if I could not advance, as my men were being much cut up. He stood up to salute and then pitched forward across my knees, a bullet having gone through his throat, cutting the carotid.

When O'Neill was shot, his troop, who were devoted to him, were for the moment at a loss whom to follow. One of their number, Henry Bardshar, a huge Arizona miner, immediately attached himself to me as my orderly, and from that moment he was closer to me, not only in the fight, but throughout the rest of the campaign, than any other man, not even excepting the color-sergeant, Wright.

Captain Mills was with me; gallant Shipp had already been killed. Mills was an invaluable aide, absolutely cool, absolutely unmoved or flurried in any way.

I sent messenger after messenger to try to find General Sumner or General Wood and get permission to advance, and was just about making up my


text:
Page:The Yellow Book - 01.djvu/6

{| style="margin:auto"
 * colspan="6" |Pictures
 * |I.
 * A Study
 * |By
 * Sir Frederic Leighton, P.R.A.
 * colspan="2" |
 * |II.
 * L'Education Sentimentale
 * Aubrey Beardsley
 * colspan="2" | 55
 * |III.
 * Le Puy en Velay
 * Joseph Pennell
 * 63
 * |IV.
 * The Old Oxford Music Hall
 * Walter Sickert
 * 85
 * |V.
 * Portrait of a Gentleman
 * Will Rothenstein
 * |111
 * |VI.
 * The Reflected Faun
 * Laurence Housman
 * |117
 * |VII.
 * Night Piece
 * Aubrey Beardsley
 * |127
 * |VIII.
 * A Study
 * Sir Frederic Leighton, P.R.A.
 * |133
 * |IX.
 * Portrait of a Lady
 * Will Rothenstein
 * |151
 * |X.
 * Portrait of Mrs. Patrick Campbell
 * Aubrey Beardsley
 * |157
 * |XI.
 * The Head of Minos
 * J. T. Nettleship
 * |187
 * |XII.
 * Portrait of a Lady
 * Charles W. Furse
 * |199
 * |XIII.
 * A Lady Reading
 * Walter Sickert
 * |221
 * |XIV.
 * A Book Plate
 * Aubrey Beardsley
 * |251
 * |XV.
 * A Book Plate
 * R. Anning Bell
 * |251
 * }
 * |X.
 * Portrait of Mrs. Patrick Campbell
 * Aubrey Beardsley
 * |157
 * |XI.
 * The Head of Minos
 * J. T. Nettleship
 * |187
 * |XII.
 * Portrait of a Lady
 * Charles W. Furse
 * |199
 * |XIII.
 * A Lady Reading
 * Walter Sickert
 * |221
 * |XIV.
 * A Book Plate
 * Aubrey Beardsley
 * |251
 * |XV.
 * A Book Plate
 * R. Anning Bell
 * |251
 * }
 * Walter Sickert
 * |221
 * |XIV.
 * A Book Plate
 * Aubrey Beardsley
 * |251
 * |XV.
 * A Book Plate
 * R. Anning Bell
 * |251
 * }
 * |XV.
 * A Book Plate
 * R. Anning Bell
 * |251
 * }
 * |251
 * }

title: Page:The Yellow Book - 01.djvu/6


text:
Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/95

 new task, which it was materially impossible for him to accomplish without neglecting the old one, and which was to be the cause of endless worry to him. He tried to persuade himself that he could manage both the mausoleum of Julius II. and the façade of San Lorenzo at once. He counted on relieving himself of a good deal of the work by having an assistant, and himself executing only the principal statues. But, as usual, he gradually became interested in his plan, and soon could no longer suffer the idea of dividing the honour with another. Moreover, he feared that the Pope might withdraw it from him, so he begged Leo X. to bind him to this new chain.

Naturally it became impossible for him to continue the mausoleum of Julius II. But the saddest part of the matter was that he did not succeed either in building the façade. Not content with refusing every collaborator, his terrible mania for wishing to do everything himself drove him, instead of remaining in Florence and working on his work, to go to Carrara to superintend the extraction of the blocks of marble. There he found himself face to face with all sorts of difficulties. The Medicis wished to utilise the quarries of Pietrasanta, recently acquired by Florence, in preference to those of Carrara. For having taken the part of the Carrarais, Michael Angelo was

title: Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/95


text:
Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/138

122 sind ihm zur Auffindung der Wunderquelle behilflich, indem sie ihm guten Rat erteilen und ihm sagen, wie er es anzufangen und wovor er sich in acht zu nehmen habe. Hier und da greifen auch dienstbare Tiere, Vierfüssler, Vögel und Fische hilfreich ein, indem sie dem Jünglinge genau die Örtlichkeit des Wassers angeben, oder auch selbst ihn mit Schnelligkeit dahin bringen. Die Lebensquelle sprudelt in einem Berge, der sich nur zu gewissen Zeiten, gewöhnlich gegen Mittag oder Mitternacht von 11-12 Uhr öffnet. Im berge steht in der Regel in einem prächtigen Garten ein versunkenes Schloss, das die grossen Schätze und Kostbarkeiten birgt, durch deren Anblick der Eintretende geblendet wird. In einem Gemache des Schlosses wieder ruht auf einem Bett eine Jungfrau von wunderbarer Schönheit, die später als Prinzessin hervortritt und den Prinzen, der durch das Schöpfen des Lebenswassers sie von ihrem Zauber gelöst hat, zum Gemahle heischt. Der Prinz hat nur kurze Zeit bei ihr geruht oder ihr einen flüchtigen Kuss auf die Lippen gedrückt. In vielen Fällen wird der Eingang zur Quelle von einem Drachen oder einem anderen Ungeheuer bewacht, die erst aus dem Wege geräumt werden müssen. Es kostet einen schweren Kampf. Auf dem Heimweg trifft der jüngste Königssohn gewöhnlich mit seinen alteren Brüdern wieder zusammen, die ihr Leben durch tolle Streiche verwirkt haben und die er vom Tode loskauft. Zuweilen sind aber die Brüder durch ihre Unbedachtsamkeit in schwarze Steine verwandelt worden und liegen am Abhange des Zauberberges, oder stehen als Marmorsäulen auf demselben, oder sind infolge ihres Hochmutes in einen tiefen Abgrund eingeschlossen. Auch in diesem Zustande werden sie durch den jüngsten Bruder bald durch das geschöpfte Wasser des Lebens, bald auf seine Bitten hin wieder ins Leben gerufen. Vereint reisen sie nun mit ihrem Bruder nach Hause zum Könige. Unterwegs

title: Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/138


text:
Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/96

 insultingly accused by the Pope of being bribed; and for having had to obey Leo's orders he was persecuted by the Carrarais, who, by coming to an arrangement with the Ligurian mariners, prevented him finding a single ship, from Genoa to Pisa, to carry his marble. He had to construct a road, partly on piles, through the mountains and over the swampy plains—a road to the cost of which the people of the district refused to contribute a penny. The workers knew nothing about their work. The quarries were new and the workman also. Michael Angelo lamented. "In wishing to conquer these mountains and bring art here I have undertaken to awaken the dead."

He stuck to his task, however.

title: Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/96


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Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/97

 "What I have promised I will carry out, in spite of everything. With God's assistance I will produce the finest work which Italy has ever seen."

What strength, enthusiasm and genius wasted in vain! At the end of September 1518 he fell ill at Scravezza, through overwork and worry. He was well aware that his health and dreams were being ruined by this workman's life. He was obsessed with the desire to at last begin his work and by the anguish of being prevented. He was pressed by his other engagements which he could not carry out.

I am dying with impatience because my unhappy destiny will not allow me to do what I want. ... I am dying through sorrow. I have the air of being a deceiver, although it is no fault of mine. . . ."

Returning to Florence, he wore himself out with worry whilst awaiting the arrival of the consignments of marble. But the Arno was dry and the boats loaded with blocks could not ascend the river. At last they arrived. Was he, this time, going to set to work? No. He returned to the quarries. He persisted in not beginning until he had collected, as in the case of the mausoleum of Julius II., a very mountain of marble. Ever did he postpone the day for setting to work. Perhaps he was frightened of doing so. Had he

title: Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/97


text:
Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/98

 not promised too much? Had he not been rash in undertaking this great architectural work? This was not his profession. Where could he have learnt it? And now he could neither advance nor recede.

So much labour did not result even in the safe transport of the marble. Out of six monolithic columns sent to Florence four were broken on the way and one even in Florence. He was the victim of his workmen.

In the end the Pope and Cardinal de' Medici lost all patience over the precious time which had been uselessly lost in the midst of quarries and on muddy roads. On March 10, 1520, a papal brief released Michael Angelo from the contract of 1518 for the façade of San Lorenzo. Michael Angelo did not receive notice of this until the squads of workmen sent to replace him arrived at Pietrasanta. He felt cruelly hurt.

"I do not blame the Cardinal," he said, "for the three years I have lost here. I do not blame him because I am ruined over this San Lorenzo work. I do not blame him for the very great affront which I have received in them giving me this commission and then in taking it away. I do not even know why. I do not blame him for all I have lost and spent . . . And now the matter may be summed up as follows: the Pope Leo takes over again the quarry with the cut blocks; the money I have in hand—500 ducats—remains mine; and they give me my liberty."

It was not his protectors whom Michael Angelo ought to have accused—it was himself, and he well knew it. That was the sad part of it. He strove against himself. What had he accomplished between 1515 and 1520, when in the fulness of his strength and overflowing with

title: Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/98


text:
Author:Frederick Peterson

Works

 * (Hospital Treatment)

title: Author:Frederick Peterson


text: User:Otria

title: User:Otria


text:
Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/103

 around him was becoming gloomy. The Renaissance was declining. Rome was on the eve of being sacked by barbarians. The threatening shadow of a sad God was about to obscure the mind of Italy. Michael Angelo felt the tragic hour approaching, and suffered the keenest anguish. After dragging Michael Angelo from the inextricable enterprise in which he had become involved, Clement VII. resolved to direct his genius into a new channel, in which he could closely superintend him. He entrusted him with the building of the Medici chapel and tombs. His intention was to occupy his services exclusively. He even proposed that he should take Orders, and offered him an ecclesiastical appointment. Michael Angelo refused. Nevertheless, Clement VII. paid him a monthly salary, three times as large as he had demanded, and presented him with a house in the neighbourhood of San Lorenzo.

Everything seemed to be progressing favourably and work on the chapel was in full swing when suddenly


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Vogel, Julius

VOGEL, Julius, Australasian statesman: b. London, 24 Feb. 1835; d. near there, 12 March 1899. He was educated at the London University College School and at the Royal School of Mines, and in 1851, attracted by the discoveries of gold in Australia, went to Melbourne. He engaged in journalism, and in 1861 established in Otago, New Zealand, the Daily Times, the first and still the leading morning newspaper in that colony. In 1863 he entered the New Zealand House of Representatives and in 1869 he was appointed colonial treasurer, and subsequently was postmaster-general, commissioner of customs and prime minister. He resigned the latter office in 1876 and was agent-general for New Zealand in London in 1876-81. In 1884 he re-entered New Zealand politics, was elected to Parliament and again appointed treasurer but in 1888 resigned and returned to England. He was afterward engaged under the New Zealand government in London until his death. He greatly furthered immigration to New Zealand, was instrumental in building railways, was active in bringing about the Australian federation, and secured the passage of a law for inscribing colonial stocks. He was knighted in I875. His writings include ‘Great Britain and Her Colonies’ (1865); ‘Official Handbook of New Zealand’ (1875); ‘A. D. 2000,’ a novel, etc.


text:
Translation:Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Tractate Avot/Chapter 6/2

Hebrew Text

 * אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי:

 * בְּכָל יוֹם וָיוֹם בַּת קוֹל יוֹצֵאת מֵהַר חוֹרֵב
 * וּמַכְרֶזֶת וְאוֹמֶרֶת:
 * "אוֹי לָהֶם לַבְּרִיּוֹת מֵעֶלְבּוֹנָהּ שֶׁל תּוֹרָה;"

 * שֶׁכָּל מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹסֵק בַּתּוֹרָה נִקְרָא נָזוּף,
 * שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: "נֶזֶם זָהָב בְּאַף חֲזִיר אִשָּׁה יָפָה וְסָרַת טָעַם,"
 * וְאוֹמֵר: "וְהַלֻּחֹת מַעֲשֵׂה אֱלֹהִים הֵמָּה, וְהַמִּכְתָּב מִכְתַּב אֱלֹהִים הוּא, חָרוּת עַל הַלֻּחֹת,"
 * אַל תִּקְרָא חָרוּת אֶלָּא חֵרוּת,
 * שֶׁאֵין לְךָ בֶּן חוֹרִין אֶלָּא מִי שֶׁעוֹסֵק בְּתַלְמוּד תּוֹרָה;

 * וְכָל מִי שֶׁעוֹסֵק בְּתַלְמוּד תּוֹרָה הֲרֵי זֶה מִתְעַלֶּה,
 * שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּמִמַּתָּנָה נַחֲלִיאֵל וּמִנַּחֲלִיאֵל בָּמוֹת.

English Translation

 * Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said:

 * Each and every day a heavenly echo goes out from Mount Horeb,
 * and announces and says:
 * "Woe to the creatures for disparaging the Torah;"

 * for anyone who does not involve himself in the Torah is called "rebuked,"
 * as it is said (Proverbs 11:22): "A ring of gold in a swine's snout is a beautiful woman who turns from discretion,"
 * and it says (Exodus 32:16): "And the tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tablets,"
 * do not read "graven" (harut) but rather "freedom" (herut),
 * for there is no free man except one that involves himself in Torah learning;

 * And anyone who involves himself in Torah learning is elevated,
 * as it is said (Numbers 21:19): "and from Mattanah, Nahaliel; and from Nahaliel, Bamoth."

Explanation
משנה אבות ו ב


text:
Talk:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 62 Williamson - Worden

I have compiled this ToC by an experimental method, taking names from author pages. So there is no kind of warranty. NB that duplicate redlinks indicate a need for disambiguation (can be verified by taking backlinks. Charles Matthews (talk) 21:55, 6 June 2011 (UTC)


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Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/104

 Michael Angelo abandoned his house and refused Clement VII.'s allowance. He was passing through a fresh period of discouragement. The heirs of Julius II. could not pardon him for having abandoned the work he had commenced; they threatened him with legal proceedings and questioned his loyalty. At the idea of a lawsuit Michael Angelo lost his head; his conscience told him that his adversaries, were in the right—that he had broken his engagements. It seemed to him that it was impossible for him to accept Clement VII.'s money until he had returned that which he had received from Julius II. "I work no longer, I live no longer," he wrote. He entreated the Pope to intervene with the heirs of Julius II. in order to assist him to pay everything he owed them. "I will sell everything, do anything necessary to accomplish this restitution."

Or else he asked to be allowed to devote himself entirely to the monument of Julius II.: "The carrying out of this obligation is dearer to me than life."

At the thought that, should Clement VII. die, he would be abandoned to his enemies, he became like a child, weeping and despairing: "If the Pope leaves me there I can no longer remain in this world ... I know not what I am writing. I have completely lost my head. . . ."


text:
Author:Ella D'Arcy

Novels

 * The Bishop's Dilemma (1898)

Short stories

 * "I. The Death Mask; II. The Villa Lucienne"
 * "A Critical Dilemma" in The Illustrated English Magazine, 180 (1898), pp. 499-506
 * "Our Lady of Antibes" in The Century Magazine, 59 (1899), pp. 51-57
 * "In Normandy" in Temple Bar, 130 (1904), pp. 690-712
 * "How Saint Pipriac Came Into Fashion", in Metropolitan Magazine, 22 (1905), pp. 460-470
 * , pp. 435-470
 * , pp. 619-628
 * , pp. 429-455
 * , pp. 30-46
 * "A Critical Dilemma" in The Illustrated English Magazine, 180 (1898), pp. 499-506
 * "Our Lady of Antibes" in The Century Magazine, 59 (1899), pp. 51-57
 * "In Normandy" in Temple Bar, 130 (1904), pp. 690-712
 * "How Saint Pipriac Came Into Fashion", in Metropolitan Magazine, 22 (1905), pp. 460-470
 * , pp. 435-470
 * , pp. 619-628
 * , pp. 429-455
 * , pp. 30-46
 * , pp. 30-46

As Gilbert H. Page

 * "An April Folly" in The Argosy, 51 (1891), pp. 334-344
 * "The Smile" in The Argosy, 52 (1891), pp. 348-351
 * "A Modern Incident" in The Argosy, 52 (1891), pp. 381-386
 * "Unqualified Assistance" in The Argosy, 54 (1892)
 * "In a Cathedral" in The Argosy, 54 (1892), pp. 532-536
 * "Personality in Art" in Westminster Review, 139 (1893), pp. 646-653
 * "Kensington Minor" in The Argosy, 55 (1893), pp. 345-352
 * "Kathleen: Maid of All Work" in Good Words, 35 (1894), pp. 779-784
 * "The Friends' Trysting-Place" in The Strand Magazine, 22 (1901), pp. 511-518
 * "Three Women and a Man" in Tatler, 37 (1902)
 * "The Ipswich Express" in The Strand Magazine, 24 (1902), pp. 82-89
 * "Kitty and Nibs" in The Strand Magazine, 24 (1902), pp. 433-440
 * "The Trials of the Tea Ladies" in The Strand Magazine, 24 (1902), pp. 524-530
 * "The Great Sirius Diamond" in The Strand Magazine, 24 (1902), pp. 720-729
 * "Paula's Playthings" in The Grand Magazine, 5 (1907), pp. 468-480
 * "The Boy Who Had No Father" in The Grand Magazine, 10 (1909), pp. 691-698
 * "How Bobs Chose His Father" in The Strand Magazine (U.S.), 43 (258) (1912), pp. 819-825

Collections

 * "Monochromes" (1895) London: John Lane.
 * "Modern Instances" (1898) London: John Lane.

Translation

 * Maurois, André, Ariel: A Shelley Romance (1924) translated from the French.

title: Author:Ella D'Arcy


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Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/107

 Clement VII., who did not take this artist-like despair very seriously, insisted on his continuing work on the Medici chapel. His friends could not understand his scruples and counselled him not to be so ridiculous as to refuse his allowance. One of them gave him a good shaking for having acted without reflection and begged him not to give way in the future to his manias. Another wrote:

"They tell me that you have refused your allowance, abandoned your house and stopped work. That seems to me to be an act of sheer madness. My friend, you are playing into the hands of your enemies . . . Occupy yourself, therefore, no longer with the mausoleum of Julius II. and take your allowance; for they give it willingly."

Michael Angelo determined to have his own way, so the pontifical treasury played him the trick of taking him at his word, and the allowance was stopped. A few months later the wretched man, at the last extremity, was reduced to begging for what he had refused. He did so, at first, timidly and full of shame.

"My dear Giovanni, since the pen is ever bolder than the tongue, I write to say to you what I have often been wanting to say of recent days, and what I have not had the courage to express to you by word of mouth. May I still count on an allowance? ... If I were certain that I should no longer receive it, that would in no way change my plans—I should still continue to work for the


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Page:Australia, from Port Macquarie to Moreton Bay.djvu/120

 of the Company's young horses. They had fastened ropes to the horses' legs to regulate their paces, but the practice seemed to me useless and objectionable. On continuing my ride, I passed the Company*s chief horse establishment, where I dismounted for a few minutes to see their imported stallions. They were lodged in a substantial brick-built range of stables, commodiously divided, well ventilated, and appeared to be kept in very good order. I next passed the elegant cottage of Mr. Ebsworth, the treasurer of the Australian Agricultural Company, which is situated on an eminence near the river Karuah at Booral, where a tract of ground is under cultivation. I crossed the Karuah, over a shingly bed, overgrown with swamp-oak, and then entered on a level tract of country, tolerably grassy, but of very inferior soil. The red gum began to predominate here, and the Xanthorrhea was prevalent on some of the eminences. The native cherry-tree, (Exocarpus cupressiformus) was very common also hereabouts. I met a black on horseback some distance farther on, belonging to the Port Stephen tribe, who had been despatched somewhere on a message. On inquiring his name, he told me it was "Mutton." As I approached the Hunter, the forest became intersected by a great many cattle and dray-tracks, and I passed two or three farms; but the soil still continued very inferior to the banks of the Hunter, at the village of Raymond-terrace, which


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Page:Australia, from Port Macquarie to Moreton Bay.djvu/121

 is situated at the junction of the Williams river with the Hunter. The site of Raymood-terrace had been a very heavily timbered wood, which had been cut down some years before, and the stumps left standing in the ground. Scarcely any of these stumps had been grabbed up, and they had become perfectly bleached, so that, as I rode into this village in the evening, it seemed as though the houses had been built in the midst of a churchyard, full of upright tomb-stones. Next morning I went on board the steamer from the Green-hills, and arrived in Sydney. that night.

The Clarence, wicch is the next important river, north of the MacLeay, disembogues in Shoal Bay, in 29½° south latitude. Its natural features, and the nature of the country on its banks, are so very similar to those of the MacLeay, that a brief notice of it will suffice. The Clarence river rises in the main range, dividing the eastern and western waters; it receives several very large tributaries, one of which, the Ora-Ora river, rises in the lofty mountains, which, as I have before observed, bound the basin of the Clarence on the south, and divide it from the Bellengen river. The Clarence is remarkable for its great breadth, and large volume of water, compared with other Australian rivers, when the short distance of its sources from die coast is considered.

In common with all other rivers north of the Hunter, its entrance is obstructed by a bar, having


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Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/108

 Pope as much as I was able. But I should arrange my affairs in consequence."

Pushed hard by necessity, he returned to the charge:

"After careful reflection, I see how much the Pope has this San Lorenzo work at heart; and since his Holiness, of his own accord, granted me an allowance, with the object of giving me greater leisure for serving him promptly, it would only be retarding the work if I were to refuse it. I have, therefore, changed my mind, and I now write to ask for it, for more reasons than I can explain. Will you give it me, counting from the day on which it was granted?… Tell me at what moment you would like me to take it."

But they wished to give him a lesson: they turned a deaf ear to his demands. Two months later he had still received nothing. More than once, after writing these two letters, was he obliged to ask for his allowance.

Worrying himself continually, he worked on. He complained that these cares were trammels on his imagination.

"Worries may have a great effect on me … One cannot work with one's hands at one thing and with one's head at another, especially in sculpture. They say that this serves to spur me on; but I contend that the goad is a bad one and may turn in the opposite direction. It is already more than a year since I have received an allowance and I struggle against poverty. I am very


text:
1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Meldola, Raphael

MELDOLA, RAPHAEL (1849-1913), British chemist, was born at Islington July 19 1849. Educated at the Royal School of Mines, he became a lecturer at the Royal College of Science, South Kensington, and subsequently professor of chemistry at Finsbury Technical College in 1885, and did valuable work in connexion with the manufacture of coal-tar dyes (see 3.82 and 19.168). He was also interested in biological questions, such as the colouring of butterflies and animals (see 6.733). He died in London Nov. 16 1915.


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Page:Australia, from Port Macquarie to Moreton Bay.djvu/122

 about eleven feet of water on it; its reaches are longer and wider than those of any other river on the coast of Australia, and are navigable for large steamers from Sydney to a considerable distance up the river; some craft can ascend the Clarence as far as ninety miles from its mouth. A few miles above the entrance of this river is a large island, containing upwards of fifteen hundred acres, and which, when first discovered, abounded in emus. Many other smaller islands occur higher up the river. The brushes near the mouth of the Clarence are interspersed with the beautiful variety of pine I have already described, and which I found not to extend south of Coohalli creek, near the Nambucca river. He country available for grazing at this river is of excellent quality, and much more extensive than that at the MacLeay; for the country bordering on the Clarence and its tributaries is generally level, and the mountains do not attain any great elevation, except at the sources of the streams.

A great number of squatters have formed stations at the Clarence river. The communication between the table land along the main range, and the navigable estuary of the Clarence, is naturally much less difficult than at Port Macquarie; wool-drays can descend from the fine district, called Beardy Plains, (that portion of table land opposite the sources of the Clarence) with comparative ease, to that part of the river where the vessels take in cargo for Sydney.


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Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 24, 1913.djvu/83

Rh Fig. 9 (Pl. I.). A piece of milky agate having a series of concentric white stripes, mounted in silver as a pendant; Seville. Near the upper edge of the stone a hole has been bored, showing that the stone was used as a pendant before it was mounted. The stone is evidently a lactation-amulet, but, since in form and markings it bears a considerable resemblance to a human eye, it may have served otherwise as well.

Fig. 10 (Pl. I.). A piece of agate, grey, white, and blood-red, in the shape of a very elongated heart, mounted in silver; San Sebastian. Probably an amulet connected with the blood, and, possibly, lactation. Fig. 11 (Pl. I.). A small flat bead of agate, clear with bloody cloudings, mounted as a pendant; Madrid. A contemporary amulet to regulate the menstrual flow in women, and for the prevention and cure of hemorrhage in either sex. Fig. 12 (Pl. I.). A globular bead of a soft red stone, mounted as a pendant; Madrid. A contemporary amulet to regulate menstruation. Fig. 13 (Pl. I.). A pendant of banded agate, brown, yellow, whitish, greyish, and pinkish, mounted in silver; Madrid. Amuletic intention not ascertained. Fig. 14 (Pl. I.). A pendant formed of a piece of hardstone, mottled brown, yellow, and white, mounted in silver; San Sebastian. The stone appears to be a small neolithic axe, having portions of its cutting edge broken away, mounted edge upwards. This object was selected as an amulet, presumably, on account of its form, for the stone of which it is composed is, I think, one not commonly used for amulets. In Italy neolithic axes are still used as amulets against lightning; they are in such cases generally perforated for suspension or are bound in cloth, and are comparatively rarely mounted in metal.


text: Author:Acacius of Constantinople

title: Author:Acacius of Constantinople


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Page:Australia, from Port Macquarie to Moreton Bay.djvu/123

 An inconsiderable stream, or inlet, called Evan's river, joins the sea at a short distance to the northward of the Clarence.

The Richmond river, a little farther along the coast, disembogues near Lennox Head, in 28° 55' south latitude. It very much resembles the MacLeay in its general appearance, and the character of its scenery: mangrove scrubs, tea-tree, and swamp oak thickets, cover the low flats near its mouth; and the alluvial land, higher up the river, is diversified by brush, abounding in cedar and pine, clumps of bangolo palms, reedy swamps, small rich plains, and lightly wooded forest flats of great richness. The rest of the country is very lightly wooded grassy forest, of the greatest fertility; in fact, there are few rivers where so much good available land exists, unbroken by densely wooded ranges and ravines. The bar of the Richmond river has from eight to ten feet of water on it; this river can be ascended by small craft to a distance of about thirty miles from its mouth. Its sources are not yet ascertained; its main stream appears to rise somewhere in the great main range dividing the eastern and western waters, near Wilson's Peak and Coke's Head, it then sweeps to the south of Mount Lindesay, which was ascertained by Mr. Cunningham to be 5,700 feet above the level of the sea. There is some fine cedar on the Richmond, and several cedar dealers and sawyers proceeded thither last year to cut it for the Sydney market, and for exportation to the other Australian colonies.


text: Author:Acacius of Caesarea

title: Author:Acacius of Caesarea


text:
Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/109

 much alone, in the midst of my difficulties, and I have so many of them that they occupy me more than my art. My means do not permit me to have any one to serve me."

Clement VII. showed that he was sometimes touched by his sufferings. He affectionately expressed his sympathy and assured him of his favour "as long as he lived." But the incurable frivolity of the Medici got the upper hand, and, instead of relieving him of part of his work, he gave him fresh commissions, amongst others one for an absurd Colossus, the head of which would have been a steeple and the arm a chimney. Michael Angelo had to occupy himself for some time with this curious idea. He was also constantly struggling with his workmen, masons and carters, whom certain persons—precursors of the modern advocates of an eight hours day—endeavoured to entice from their work.

At the same time his domestic troubles did nothing but increase. His father, as he grew older, became more irritable and unjust. One day he took it into his head to flee from Florence, accusing his son of having driven him from the house. It was on that occasion that Michael Angelo wrote him the following admirable letter:

"Very dear father, I was very surprised yesterday not to find you at home, and now that I learn that you


text:
Author:Acacius

 * Saints
 * Agathius, also known as Acacius of Byzantium (d. 303), Centurion of the Imperial Army.
 * Saint Acacius, 4th century Armenian priest.
 * Acacius of Amida (fl. 400–425), Mesopotamian bishop.
 * Acathius of Melitene, 3rd century bishop, venerated by the Eastern Orthodox Church.
 * Saint Acacius, leader of the en thousand martyrs.

 * Other uses
 * Acacius the grammarian from Caesarea. A friend of Libanius (314–394).
 * Acacius of Caesarea (d. 366), aka "the One-Eyed", bishop in Caesarea, opponent of St. Cyril of Jerusalem
 * Acacius of Beroea (d. 437), Syrian bishop
 * Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople (d. 489), Eastern Orthodox, active in the monophysitism controversy
 * Acacius (d. 496), Patriarch of the Church of the East
 * Acacius, father of Theodora (500–548), empress of the Byzantine Empire
 * Acacius, Byzantine proconsul of Armenia Prima, c. 536-539
 * Acacius, Byzantine military officer in Alexandria, c. 539-540
 * Acacius, Byzantine imperial curator in the 560s
 * Acacius, Byzantine imperial representative, active c. 573

title: Author:Acacius


text:
Author:Adolfo Bartoli

Works

 * Studia della letteratura Italiana
 * (in part)

title: Author:Adolfo Bartoli


text: Author:Gallienus

title: Author:Gallienus


text:
Author:Basil of Caesarea

Works

 * De Spiritu Sancto
 * The Hexaemeron
 * The Letters
 * The Anglo-saxon Version of the Hexameron of St. Basil, Or, be Godes Six Daga Weorcum
 * Ascetical Works
 * Address to Young Men on Greek Literature

Works about Basil

 * Imperator Vasilii Bolgaroboitsa (1883) by Eutychius of Alexandria
 * Imperator Vasilii Bolgaroboitsa (1883) by Eutychius of Alexandria
 * Imperator Vasilii Bolgaroboitsa (1883) by Eutychius of Alexandria

title: Author:Basil of Caesarea


text:
1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mellon, Andrew William

MELLON, ANDREW WILLIAM (1855-), American banker and public official, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., March 24 1853. After graduating from the university of Pittsburgh he entered the banking house of Thomas Mellon & Sons and later became a

partner. The business developed into three strong institutions, the Mellon National Bank, the Union Trust Company, and the Union Savings Bank, all of Pittsburgh. Mr. Mellon was elected president of the first mentioned in 1902, and was vice-president of the other two. In the 'eighties he was interested in the development of the coal, coke and iron industry of Western Pennsylvania and was often associated in various enterprises with Henry C. Frick. He founded the town of Donora, Pa., and established a large steel mill there. He built the first independent pipe line, in competition with the Standard Oil Co., through Pennsylvania. He was a director in numerous corporations, and was a conservative Republican, opposing the League of Nations. In 1921 he was appointed Secretary of the Treasury in the Cabinet of President Harding.


text: Portal:Diocletian

title: Portal:Diocletian


text:
Author:Albert Socin

Works

 * Arabische Grammatik
 * (in part)
 * (in part)
 * (The Biblical Mount Sinai)

title: Author:Albert Socin


text:
Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/215

 Roman workmen, who worked on the mausoleum of Julius II., and who thought he had become a great sculptor, without having taken care, because, by following Michael Angelo's instructions implicitly, he had produced from a block of marble, to his astonishment, a beautiful statue; the facetious goldsmith, Piloto, surnamed Lasca; the lazy Indaco, that singular painter "who loved chattering as much as he detested painting," and who was accustomed to say that "continual work without pleasure was unworthy of a Christian"; and especially the ridiculous and inoffensive Giuhano Bugiardini, for whom Michael Angelo felt special sympathy.

"Giuliano possessed a natural kindness, a simple manner of living, without either wickedness or envy, which greatly pleased Michael Angelo, His only fault was a too great love for his own works. But Michael Angelo used to consider him happy, because he was contented with his knowledge, whereas he himself was never fully satisfied with his own works. ... On one occasion, Messer Ottaviano de' Medici asked Giuliano to paint Michael Angelo's portrait. Giuliano set to work, and, after keeping Michael Angelo seated for two hours, without speaking a word, said to him: 'Michael Angelo, come and see how I have caught your expression.' Michael Angelo rose, and looking at the portrait, said, laughing: 'What the devil have you done? You have put one eye on my temple—look here a moment.' At these words Giuliano was beside himself. Looking several times at the portrait and his model, alternately, he boldly replied: 'I do not notice it, but sit down and I will correct it, if need be.' Michael Angelo, who knew how the effect had arisen, sat down, smiling, in front of Giuliano, who, after


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Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/216

 looking at him and his picture several times, rose and said: 'It seems to me that the eye is as I have drawn it, and nature shows it thus.' 'Well, then,' responded Michael Angelo laughing, 'it is a fault of nature. Continue and don't spare the colour.' "

So much indulgence, which Michael Angelo was not accustomed to show to other men, but which he lavished on these insignificant beings, does not imply less of that bantering humour which makes merry over human stupidities than of affectionate pity for these poor wretches who imagined themselves to be great artists, and who, perhaps, inspired meditation on his own folly—composite of a good deal of melancholic and farcical irony.


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Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/218

 of his promises, adding that if Francis I. came and re-established liberty in Florence he would undertake to raise a bronze equestrian statue to him on the Piazza della Signoria at his own expense. In 1546 he gave to Strozzi, in recognition of the hospitality he had received, the two "Slaves," which Strozzi presented to Francis I.

But this was merely an outburst of political fever—the last one. In some passages of his Dialogues with Giannotti, in 1545, he expresses almost Tolstoy's thoughts on the uselessness of struggling and of non-resistance to evil. "It is a piece of great presumption to dare to kill any one, for we cannot know with certainty whether his death will lead to any good or whether any good will come from his death. Consequently I cannot bear those men who believe that it is impossible to produce good unless they begin with evil—that is, with murder. Times change, new events arise, desires are transformed and men grow tired. . . . And, after all, the unforeseen always happens."

The same Michael Angelo who had spoken in favour of tyrannicide now grew irritated against revolutionaries who imagined they could change the world at a stroke. He well knew that he had been one of them, and it was himself whom he condemned bitterly. Like Hamlet, he had doubts about everything now—his thoughts, his hatreds, and everything he had believed. He turned his back on action.

"That honest man," he wrote, "who replied to some one: 'I am not a statesman, I am an honest man and a man of common sense,' spoke the truth. If only my


text:
User talk:White whirlwind

— billinghurst  sDrewth  23:47, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

Translations
Just a pointer to how Wikisource manages translations. Generally Wikisource addresses works in the sense that we reproduce the original works (documents or publications) as is, and that is for original language or published translations. However, we know that some works are not available in their language, so we allow and encourage translations by the Wikisource community, hence the. Any person is able to add and edit translation where they think that they can improve such a translation, if they have suggestions or wish to discuss then it is on the talk page of the work or the contributor. — billinghurst  sDrewth  23:52, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:White whirlwind


text:
Template:USReports/inline

[ ] [ ][ ]

title: Template:USReports/inline


text: Author:Alfred Wallis Paul

title: Author:Alfred Wallis Paul


text:
Template:USReports/cover

UNITED STATES REPORTS

CASES ADJUDGED

IN  THE SUPREME COURT

 united states government printing office

TABLE OF CASES REPORTED.

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Rh own case, is void in itself, for jura naturae sunt immobilia, and leges legum." And, speaking for all the attending Judges, again says:  "It is contrary to the general rule of law, not only in this country, but in every other, to make a man a judge in his own case."

Perhaps the most important of these "discovered" laws is that those appointed, or forced by law to exercise judgment, or a use of discretion, must be protected from the consequences of the risks of the errors necessarily involved.

This law was naturally among the earliest to be "discovered," and its violation as naturally and reasonably involves the greatest degree of resentment and distress. It is in the writer's opinion the most important in the whole discussion. It, therefore, becomes of prime importance clearly to ascertain its reason, because, as Lord Coke, so long ago and so well said: "The law is unknown to him that knoweth not the reason thereof, and that the known certainty of the law is the safety of all"; and also because the law consists not in particular instances and precedents, but in the reason of the law."

From the earliest time, and in all civilized nations, the higher Judiciary have always given themselves complete immunity from their errors in judging. Constantly having to use judgment, they inevitably at once ascertained the impossibility of satisfactorily performing this higher function in an atmosphere of constant annoyance, anxiety and fear; and it was for the public benefit—not from timidity or favor to themselves—that they declared this never departed-from exemption. But since "reason is the life of the law," and its


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User talk:198.73.131.132

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Page:Two Treatises of Government.djvu/42

, and then afterwards divides them into three ranks, 1. Cattle, or uch creatures as were or might be tame, and o be the private poeion of particular men ; 2. חיה which, ver. 24, and 25. in our Bible, is tranlated beats, and by the Septuagint θηףίχ, wild beats, and is the ame word, that here in our text, ver. 28. where we have this great charter to Adam, is tranlated living thing, and is alo the ame word ued, Gen. ix. 2. where this Grant is renewed to Noah, and there likewie tranlated beat. 3. The third rank were the creeping animals, which ver. 24, and 25. are compried under the word, חךמּשת, the fame that is ued here, ver. 28. and is tranlated moving, but in the former veres creeping, and by the Septuagint in all thee places, έρπετά, or reptils ; from whence it appears, that the words which we tranlate here in God's donation, ver. 28. living creatures moving, are the ame, which in the hitory of the creation, ver. 24, 25. ignify two ranks of terretrial creatures, ''viz. wild beats'' and reptils, and are o undertood by the Septuagint.

§. 26. When God had made the irrational animals of the world, divided into three kinds, from the places of their habitation, viz. fihes of the ea, fowls of the air, and living creatures of the earth, and thee again into cattle, wild beats, and reptils, he coniders of making man, and the dominion he hould have over the terretrial world, ver. 26. and then


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Hello, and welcome to Wikisource. We appreciate your contribution of the text Boys Will Be Boys (book), but in general we cannot accept copyrighted material. Please see Copyright for more information on this topic, or generally, Policies and guidelines. Beeswaxcandle (talk) 01:04, 7 June 2011 (UTC)

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Page:Notes and Queries - Series 1 - Volume 1.djvu/9

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."—

VOLUME FIRST.

LONDON:

186.

1850.

[SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS AND NEWSMEN.]


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text: Author:Benedict William Ginsburg

title: Author:Benedict William Ginsburg


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 LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC,

"When found, make a note of."—.

nature and design of the present work have been so fully stated in the Prospectus, and are indeed so far explained by its very Title, that it is unnecessary to occupy any great portion of its first number with details on the subject. We are under no temptation to fill its columns with an account of what we hope future numbers will be. Indeed, we would rather give a specimen than a description; and only regret that, from the wide range of subjects which it is intended to embrace, and the correspondence and contributions of various kinds which we are led to expect, even this can only be done gradually. A few words of introduction and explanation may, however, be allowed; and, indeed, ought to be prefixed, that we may be understood, by those readers who have not seen our Prospectus.

"," is a most admirable rule; and if the excellent Captain had never uttered another word, he might have passed for a profound philosopher. It is a rule which should shine in gilt letters on the gingerbread of youth, and the spectacle-case of age. Every man who reads with any view beyond mere pastime, knows the value of it. Every one, more or less, acts upon it. Every one regrets and suffers who neglects it. There is some trouble in it, to be sure; but in what good thing is there not? and what trouble does it save! Nay, what mischief! Half the lies that are current in the world owe their origin to a misplaced confidence in memory, rather than to intentional falsehood. We have never known more than one man who could deliberately and conscientiously say that his memory had never deceived him; and he (when he saw that he had excited the surprise of his hearers, especially those who knew how many years he had spent in the management of important commercial affairs) used to add,—because he had never trusted it; but had uniformly written down what he was anxious to remember.

But, on the other hand, it cannot be denied that reading and writing men, of moderate industry, who act on this rule for any considerable length of time, will accumulate a good deal of matter in various forms, shapes, and sizes—some more, some less legible and intelligible—some unposted in old pocket books—some on whole or half sheets, or mere scraps of paper, and backs of letters—some, lost sight of and forgotten, stuffing out old portfolios, or getting smoky edges in bundles tied up with faded tape. There are, we are quite sure, countless boxes and drawers, and pigeon-holes of such things, which want looking over, and would well repay the trouble.

THIRD EDITION.1


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2 Nay, we are sure that the proprietors would find themselves much benefited even if we were to do nothing more than to induce them to look over their own collections. How much good might we have done (as well as got, for we do not pretend to speak quite disinterestedly), if we had had the looking over and methodizing of the chaos in which Mr. Oldbuck found himself just at the moment, so agonizing to an author, when he knows that the patience of his victim is oozing away, and fears it will be quite gone before he can lay his hand on the charm which is to fix him a hopeless listener:—"So saying, the Antiquary opened a drawer, and began rummaging among a quantity of miscellaneous papers, ancient and modern. But it was the misfortune of this learned gentleman, as it may be that of many learned and unlearned, that he frequently experienced on such occasions, what Harlequin calls l'embarras des richesses—in other words, the abundance of his collection often prevented him from finding the article he sought for." We need not add that this unsuccessful search, for Professor MacCribb's epistle, and the scroll of the Antiquary's answer, was the unfortunate turning-point on which the very existence of the documents depended, and that from that day to this nobody has seen them, or known where to look for them.

But we hope for more extensive and important benefits, than these from furnishing a medium by which much valuable information may become a sort of common property among those who can appreciate and use it. We do not anticipate any holding back by those whose "" are most worth having, or any want of "" from those best able to answer them. Whatever may be the case in other things, it is certain that those who are best informed are generally the most ready to communicate knowledge and to confess ignorance, to feel the value of such a work as we are attempting, and to understand that if it is to be well done they must help to do it. Some cheap and frequent means for the interchange of thought s certainly wanted by those who are engaged in literature, art, and science, and we only hope to persuade the best men in all, that we offer them the best medium of communication with each other.

By this time, we hope, our readers are prepared to admit that our title (always one of the most difficult points of a book to settle), has not been imprudently or unwisely adopted. We wish to bring together the ideas and the wants, not merely of men engaged in the same lines of action or inquiry, but also (and very particularly) of those who are going different ways, and only meet at the crossings, where a helping hand is oftenest needed, and they would be happy to give one if they knew it was wanted. In this way we desire that our little book should take "," and be a medley of all that men are doing that the Notes of the writer and the reader, whatever be the subject-matter of his studies, of the antiquary, and the artist, the man of science, the historian, the herald, and the genealogist, in short, Notes relating to all subjects but such as are, in popular discourse, termed either political or polemical, should meet in our columns in such juxta-position, as to give fair play to any natural attraction or repulsion between them, and so that if there are any hooks and eyes among them, they may catch each other.

Now, with all modesty, we submit, that for the title of such a work as we have in view, and have endeavoured to describe, no word could be so proper as "." Can any man, in his wildest dream of imagination, conceive of any thing that may not be—nay, that has not been—treated of in a note? Thousands of things there are, no doubt, which cannot be sublimed into poetry, or elevated into history, or treated of with dignity, in a stilted text of any kind, and which are, as it is, called, "thrown" into notes; but, after all, they are much like children sent out of the


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Rh stiff drawing-room into the nursery, snubbed to be sure by the act, but joyful in the freedom of banishment. We were going to say (but it might sound vain-glorious), where do things read so well as in notes? but we will put the question in another form:—Where do you so well test an author's learning and knowledge of his subject?—where do you find the pith of his most elaborate researches?—where do his most original suggestions escape?—where do you meet with the details that fix your attention at the time and cling to your memory for ever?—where do both writer and reader luxuriate so much at their ease, and feel that they are wisely discursive?——But if we pursue this idea, it will be scarcely possible to avoid something which might look like self-praise; and we content ourselves for the present with expressing our humble conviction that we are doing a service to writers and readers, by calling forth materials which they have themselves thought worth notice, but which, for want of elaboration, and the "little leisure" that has not yet come, are lying, and may lie for ever, unnoticed by others, and presenting them in an unadorned multum-in-parvo form. To our readers therefore who are seeking for Truth, we repeat "When found make a of;" and we must add, "till then make a ."

 20th October, 1849.

Mr. Editor,—Mr. Macaulay's account of the Battle of Sedgemoor is rendered singularly picturesque and understandable by the personal observation and local tradition which he has brought to bear upon it. Might not his account of the capture of Monmouth derive some few additional life-giving touches, from the same invaluable sources of information? It is extremely interesting, as every thing adorned by Mr. Macaulay's luminous style must necessarily be, but it lacks a little of that bright and living reality, which, in the account of Sedgemoor, and in many other parts of the book, are imparted by minute particularity and precise local knowledge. It runs as follows:—


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ᎯᎠ ᎪᏪᎵ ᏥᏨᏯᏒᎦᎸᏓᏂᎦ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎡᏥᎸᏉᏗ ᎢᏥᎬᏫᏳᎯ, ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏲᏨᏁᎭ ᎡᎳᏗᏢ ᏙᎦᏙᎥ ᏥᏙᎪᏪᎳ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏂᎬᎾᏛ ᎣᏤᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏦᎩᎾᏝᎢᏉ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ. ᎰᏍᎩᏂ ᎥᏝ ᏱᎪᎯᎩ ᎤᏓᎴᏅᎲ, ᏰᎵ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗᏳ ᏃᎦᎵᏍᏓᏁᎭ, ᎾᏍᎩᏃ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎢᏣᏓᏙᎵᏣᏘᏳ ᎣᏥᎦᏔᎲ, ᎿᏉ ᏗᏥᏅ ᏬᏣᎦᏔᎲᏍᏓ, ᎢᏨᏯᏓᏙᎵᏍᏓᏏ. ᎤᏲᏉᏍᎩᏂ ᎢᏳᎾᏛᎿᏕᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᏂᏩᎾᎦᎳᏉ ᏗᏂᏲᎵ ᏣᎾᏓᏙᎵᏍᏗᏍᎪ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏃᏣᏛᏁᎵᎦ. ᏓᏍᎩᏯᏛᏓᏍᏓᏁᎵᏧ? ᏓᏍᎩᏯᏙᎵᏥᏧ? Ꮀ ᎡᏥᎸᏉᏗᏳ, ᎡᏉᎯᏳ ᏥᎦᏙᎪ ᏴᏫ ᎢᏗᎬᏤᎵᏛ ᏂᏣᏛᏅ ᎢᏥᏩᏥᏂ. ᎠᏴᏍᎩᏂ ᎣᎦᏍᏗᎩᏳᏉ ᏣᎳᎩ ᏦᎦᏙᎢᏛ, ᎥᏝ ᎣᎩᎸᏉᏗᏳ ᏱᎩ. ᏂᎯ ᎢᏥᏏᎾᏌᏂᏳ, ᎥᏝ ᎦᏰᏥᎶᏄᎡᏗ ᏱᎩ; ᎠᏴᏍᎩᏂ ᎥᏝ ᎣᏥᏏᎾᏌᏂᏳ ᏱᎩ, ᎠᎯᏗᏳᏉ ᎣᎩᎶᏄᎡᏗᏱ. ᏂᎯ ᎢᏤᎿᎢᏳ ᎥᏝ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᏱᏣᏝ; ᎠᏴᏍᎩᏂ ᎤᏲᏉ ᎢᏲᎦᏛᎿᏕᎩ, ᎥᏝ ᎣᎨᎿᎢᏳ ᏱᎩ; ᏞᏍᏗᏗᎾ ᎾᏍᎩᏉ ᏱᏂᏧᎵᏍᏙᏓᏁᏍᏗ ᎢᏢ ᏫᏱᏍᎩᏯᏓᎢᏁᎴᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏪᎵ.

ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏍᎩᏂ ᎡᎯ ᎢᎩᏙᏓ, ᎠᎴ ᎡᎳᏂᎬ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ, ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᏫᏂᎦᎵᏍᏓ ᎤᏪᎵᏎ, ᎿᏉ ᎠᏆᏍᏗᎩᏳᏉ ᏄᎵᏍᏓᏅ ᏴᏫ ᏥᏬᏗᎨᎢ, ᏂᎯᏃ ᎯᏴᏫᏁᎬ ᎮᏉᎯᏳ ᎠᎴ ᎡᏣᎸᏉᏗᏳ ᏄᎵᏍᏓᏅ. ᎢᎬᏱᏱ ᏗᏥᎦᏴᎵᎨ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᏚᏂᏐᏨ, ᎠᏂ ᎠᎹᏰᎵ ᎤᏪᎧᎲ ᎤᏂᎾᏄᎪᏥᎵ, Ꮀ ᎠᏆᎵᏂᎩᏗᏳ ᎨᏒᎩ—ᎤᏂᏉᏍᎩᏂᏃᏅ ᎢᏯᏆᏛᎿᏕᎩ, ᏥᏃᎢᎵᏙᎯᏉ, ᎢᎾᎨᏉ ᎨᏙᎯ ᎨᏒᎩ; ᎠᏎᏃ ᎥᏝ ᎬᏆᏓᏐᏢᏗᏉ ᏱᎨᏎᎢ—ᎥᏝ ᎠᎩᏁᎫᎯᏳ ᏱᎨᏎ, ᏙᏥᏙᎵᏳᏰᏃ ᎢᎬᏱ ᏴᏫᏁᎬ ᎬᎩᏩᏛᎯᎸ, ᎦᏙᎯ ᎤᎧᏲᏛᎯ ᎤᎾᏅᏗᏱ ᎬᎩᏔᏲᏎᎸ; ᏙᎯᏱ ᏙᎦᏓᏲᎵᎸᎩ. ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏚᎸ ᎬᏆᏓᏙᎵᏍᏓᏁᎲ ᎬᎩᏔᏲᏎᎲᎩ. ᎠᏎᏃ ᎠᏂᏣᏓᏂᎯᎲ ᎠᏆᏤᎵᎪᎯ ᎢᏅᎯᏳ ᎿᏉ ᎤᏓᏁᏟᏴᏒ, ᎤᎾᎵᏂᎩᏗᏳ ᏄᎾᎵᏍᏓᏅ, ᎠᏴᏃ ᏥᏩᎾᎦᎳᎢᏳ ᎾᏆᎵᏍᏓᏅ. ᎤᏣᏘ ᎢᏳᎾᏓᎴᎩ ᏴᏫ ᎠᏂᏬᏗᎨᎢ ᎤᎾᎴᎿᏫᏍᏛ ᏀᎯᏳ ᏦᏣᏗᎭ ᎪᎯᏃ ᎯᎸᏍᎩᏉ ᎢᏳᎾᏓᏡᎩ ᏚᎪᏩᏛᏗ—ᎤᎾᏓᏂᏯᏛᏉ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ. ᏧᏴᏢ ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ ᏣᏁᎲ ᎿᏉ ᎤᎾᏗᏒᏂᏗᏉ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎵᏍᏓᏁᏅ, ᎠᏏᏉᏃ ᏂᏍᎩᏙᎵᎬᎾ ᎢᎩ—ᏍᎩᏱᎵᏒᎢᏉ ᏅᏙ ᏭᏕᎵᎬ ᎣᏏᏳ ᎢᏣᏰᎸᎭ ᏗᎾᏓᏅᏟ.

Ꭷ ᏣᏓᏂᎵᎨ ᏗᎾᏓᏅᏟ, Ꮀ ᎬᎸᏉᏗᏳ ᎿᏉ ᏫᎬᏃᎲᏏ ᎤᏐᏅ ᎾᏆᎵᏍᏓᏁᎵᏕᎬᎢ. ᏣᏤᎵᎦ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏲ ᎾᏋᎾᏕᎦ. ᏣᏥᏱ ᎡᎯ ᎾᎥ ᎢᏦᎩᎾᏓᎳ ᎠᏆᏝᏫᏍᏗᏕᎦ, ᎠᎩᏍᏗᏰᏗᎭ ᏗᎩᏲᎯᏍᏗᏱ ᎠᏆᏤᎵᎦᏯ ᎦᏓ, ᎠᎴ ᏂᏓᎩᏲᏍᎬᎾ ᏱᎩ ᏧᎧᎾᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏛ ᎠᏇᏢᏙᏗᏱ ᎧᏁᎦ, ᎠᎴ ᎿᏉ ᏕᎤᏁᎶᏗ ᎢᏳᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏋᏁᏗᏱ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬ ᎢᎬᏱᏱ ᎠᏆᏛᎦᏅ Ꮀ ᎤᏲᎢᏳ ᎠᎩᏰᎸᏅᎩ, ᏫᏥᏃᏁᎸ ᏂᎬᎾᏛ ᏩᏥᏂ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎠᎩᏐᏅᏤᎲᎢ; ᎠᎴ ᎠᎩᏍᏕᎸᏗᏱ ᏫᏥᏔᏲᏎᎸᎩ. ᎠᏎᏃ Ꮀ ᎡᎯᏍᏗᏳ ᎠᏆᏓᏅᏓᏗᏍᏓᏅ ᎠᏆᏛᎦᏅ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎠᎵᎪᏁᎲ ᏣᏥᏱ ᎡᎯ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ. ᎿᏉᏍᎩᏂ ᏔᎵ ᎢᏳᏩᎫᏗ ᎤᏐᏅ ᎠᏆᏓᏅᏓᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᏆᎵᏩᏛᏒᎭ. ᎾᏍᎩᏃ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎿᏉ ᏂᎯ ᎡᏥᎸᏉᏗ ᏗᏥᎳᏫᎩ ᏍᎩᏍᏕᎸᏗᏱ ᏫᏨᏔᏲᏏ. ᎠᏗᎾ ᏓᏨᏃᏁᎵ [Ꭳ]ᎩᎨᏳᎯᏳ ᎨᏒ ᎦᏓ ᎣᎦᏤᎵᎦᏯ ᏥᏕᎣᎦᎳᏏᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᏀᏍᏉ ᏅᏗᎦᎵᏍᏙᏗᏍᎬ ᎣᎩᎨᏳᎯᏳ ᎨᏒ ᏓᏳᏃᏁᎵ.

ᎯᎠ ᎦᏓ ᏦᎩᎭ ᏦᎩᎦᏴᎵᎨᎢᏍᎩᏂ ᎯᎸᎯᏳ ᏅᏓᎬᏩᏓᎴᏅᏛ ᏗᎪᎩᏲᎯᏎᎸᎯ, ᎾᏍᎩᏃ ᎥᏝ ᎤᎾᏙᎳᏛᏉ ᏱᎨᏎᎢ, ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯᏍᎩᏂ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎡᎯ ᎢᎩᏙᏓ ᎤᏂᏁᎸᎯ ᎨᏒᎩ. ᎠᏗᎾ ᎬᏂᎨᏒᎢᏳ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏙᎴᎰᎯᏍᏗ. ᏥᎣᏣᏗᎭᏰᏃ ᎢᎬᏱᏱ ᏴᏫᏁᎬ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎤᎾᏄᎪᏥᎸ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏂᎨᏎ ᏦᎩᎦᏴᎵᎨᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏓ. ᎠᎴᏬ ᎠᏏ ᏣᏂᎦᏘᏲᏉ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏗᎪᎩᏲᎯᏎᎸᎯ, ᎠᏉᏰᏃ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᎵᎾ. ᎤᎵᏂᎩᏗᏳᏍᎩᏂ ᎣᎦᏤᎵ ᎨᏒᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎣᎦᎵᏍᏕᎸᏙᏗ ᎡᏉᎯᏳ. ᎦᎪᎨ ᎦᏓ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎨᏒ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏙᏗ ᎤᏟ ᎾᎬᏂᎨᏒᎢᏱ? ᎥᏝ ᎩᎶᎢ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎣᎦᏤᎵᎦᏯ ᎨᏒ ᎥᏝ ᎯᎸᎯᏳ ᏦᎩᏲᏒᎯ ᏱᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᏉ ᎥᏝ ᎯᎸᎯᏳ ᎣᎩᎾᏗᏅᏛ ᏱᎩ. ᏂᎪᎯᎸᏉᏰᏃ ᎣᎩᎨᏳᎯᏳ ᎨᏒ ᎣᏥᏁᎪᎢ. Ꮭ ᏌᏉᎤᏅ ᎢᏯᎳᏍᎬᏛ ᎢᎩᏛ ᎥᏝ ᎣᎩᎾᏗᏅᏗ ᏱᎩ, ᏙᏦᏎᎰᏉ ᎦᏓ ᎠᏂᏔᏲᎯᎯ ᏗᏥᏁᏤᎸ ᎪᎩᏩᏛᎯᎦ. ᎭᏢᎨ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎣᎩᏍᎦᏅᏤ ᎣᎩᏲᎱᏎᎴᎢ? ᎠᏂᎦᏍᎩᎨ ᎣᎦᏤᎸᏅᎢ? ᏀᎿᏍᎪ ᏙᎦᏍᎦᎶᎠᏎᎢ? ᎦᏙᏃ ᎢᎬᏱᏱᏉ ᏙᎯᏱ ᏄᎵᏍᏓᏅ Ꮭ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏱᏂᎪᎩᏪᏎᎴ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ? ᎦᏙᏃ Ꮭ ᎯᎠ ᏱᏂᏅᏂᏪᏎᎢ? ᎯᎠ ᎿᏉ ᏙᎯᏱ ᏂᏛᎦ, ᎠᏎᏃ ᏍᎩᏯᏡᏓᏅ ᎾᏉᏍᎩᏂ ᎦᏓ ᎢᏥᏲᎱᏏ—ᎢᏨᏯᏙᎳᏍᏕᏍᏗᏉᏍᎩᏂᏃ ᎿᏉ, ᎣᎦᏚᎸᎲᏉᏃ ᎿᏉ ᎢᏣᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎢᎨᏎᏍᏗ. ᎦᏙᏃ ᎢᎬᏱᏱ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏚᎾᏠᎯᏍᏓᏅ Ꮭ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏱᏂᎤᏅᏁᎴ ᎤᏃᏪᎳᏅ? ᎩᎳᏍᎩᏂ Ꮭ ᏱᎪᎯᎩ ᎠᎾᎴᏅ ᏥᎾᏂᏪᎠ ᏣᏥᏱ ᎡᎯ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᏂᎬᎾᏛᏃ ᏩᏥᏂ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ. ᎥᏝᏍᎩᏂ ᏦᎩᏲᏒᎯ ᏱᎩ. ᎥᏝ ᎠᎴ ᎣᎩᎾᏗᏅᏛ ᏱᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏓ ᎣᎦᏤᎵᎦᏯ ᏥᏙᎦᎳᏏᏗ.

ᎠᏗᎾ ᎥᏝ ᏦᎩᏲᎯᏎᎸᎯᏉ ᎨᏒ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏲᏣᎵᏍᎦᏍᏙᏗᎭ—ᎤᎵᏂᎩᏗᏳᏍᎩᏂᏃᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᏉ ᎾᏍᏉ ᏅᏩᏒ ᏱᎩ; ᎠᏎᏃ ᏦᎦᏤᎵ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎠᏂᏩᏥᏂᏃ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎤᏩᎫᏘᎶᏛ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏚᎾᏠᎯᏍᏛ, ᎤᏟ ᎤᎵᏂᎩᏗᏳ ᏄᏅᏁᎸ ᎣᎦᏤᎵᎦᏯ ᎨᏒᎢ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏦᎵᎬ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏚᎾᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ, ᏧᎾᏓᎴᎾᎢᏍᎩᏂ ᏴᏫ ᏥᏓᎾᏓᏁᏤᎰ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ—ᏔᎵᏍᎩᏂ ᎢᏳᎾᏓᎴᎩ ᏴᏫ ᏓᎾᏓᏁᏤᎮᎢ, ᎠᏂᏩᏥᏂ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᏣᎳᎩᏃ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᏧᎾᏢᏉᏗᏳ ᎢᏧᎳ ᏓᎾᏠᏍᎨᎢ ᎠᏂᏁᎨ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏓᏂᏓᏍᏗᏱ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎾᏓᏛᏁᏗᏱ. ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏚᎾᏠᎯᏍᏓᏅ, ᎤᎾᎵᎢᏕᏉᏍᎩᏂ ᎥᏝᏃ ᏱᎨᏥᎩᎡᎴᏉ ᏣᎳᎩ ᎤᎾᏤᎵᎦᏯ ᎨᏒᎢ. ᎥᏝᏃ ᏙᎩᎾᏢᎥᏍᎦᏉ ᏯᏁᎵᏍᎨ ᏦᎦᏤᎵ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ. ᏂᎦᎥᏰᏃ ᏧᏂᏲᏒᎯ ᎨᏒ ᎬᏂᏳᏉ ᎢᎪᏪᎳ—ᏂᎪᏪᎸᎾᏃ ᎨᏒ ᎥᏝ ᏧᏂᏲᏒᎯ ᏱᎩ—ᏅᏩᏍᏗᏉ ᎤᎾᏤᎵᎦᏯ ᎨᏒᎢ—ᎥᏝᏍᎩᏂ ᎤᏂᏨᎯ ᏱᎩ. ᎤᏩᎫᏗᎶᏛᏍᎩᏂ ᎠᏂᏩᏥᏂ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᏗᎪᎩᏲᎯᏎᎸ ᎣᎦᏤᎵ ᎦᏓ ᎠᎴ ᎪᎩᏍᏕᎸᎡᏗᏱ ᎣᎦᏤᎵᎦᏯ ᎨᏒ, ᎠᎴ ᏦᎩᎧᎾᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎣᎩᏍᏆᏂᎪᏛ ᎾᏍᏉ ᎤᏩᎫᏗᎶᏛ ᎤᏂᏁᏨᎯ. ᎥᏝᏍᎩᏂ ᎬᏩᏓᎵᏓᏍᏙᏗ ᏱᎩ, ᎾᎬᏂᎨᏒᎢᏴ ᎧᏁᎦ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏩᏥᏂ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎤᏂᏬᏂᏒ, ᏩᏒᏓᏅ ᏅᏓᎬᏩᏓᎴᏅᏛ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᏉ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯᏱ ᏓᎨᏥᏁᏤᎸ ᎤᏂᏬᏂᏒ ᎥᏝ ᏗᎦᎵᏙᎢᏍᏗ ᏱᎩ. ᏂᎦᏗᏳ ᎠᎾᏖᏆᎶᎲᏍᎦ, ᎣᎦᏤᎵᎦᏯ, ᎠᎴ ᏦᎩᎾᏝᎢ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎨᏒ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎾᏅᏁᎭ. ᎾᏍᎩᏉᏍᎩᏂ ᎾᏍᏉ ᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏃᎵᎦ ᎠᏂᏩᏥᏂ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎣᏤᎵᏍᎬ ᎣᏣᏓᏅᏖᏍᎬᎩ, ᏝᏃ ᎩᎶ ᎤᏣᏗᏂ ᏄᏍᏗ ᎪᎵᎦ ᏲᏤᎵᏍᎨ ᏲᏣᏓᏅᏖᏍᎨᎢ. ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᏉ ᎣᏏᏳ ᎣᏥᎦᏔᎭ, ᏄᏂᎵᏓᏍᏗᏍᎬᎾ ᏥᎩ ᎣᎦᏤᎵᎦᏯ ᎨᏒ ᎠᏂᏩᏥᏂ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎠᎴ ᏣᏥᏱ ᎠᏁᎯ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ, ᎾᎪᏃᎨᎵ ᎠᏎᏉ ᏱᎦᎪᎩᏍᏗᏰᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏗᏠᎯᏍᏓᏅ, ᎠᎴ ᎦᏓ ᎦᎾᏗᏅᏒ, ᎢᏳᏃ ᎦᏲᎩᏁᎢᏍᏗᏉ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏱᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᏣᏥᏱᏉ ᎣᏤᏗ ᏱᎩ. ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᏉ ᎠᏂᏩᏥᏂ ᏧᏂᎧᎾᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎤᏂᎲ ᎤᎵᏂᎩᏗᏳᏉ ᏂᎬᏁᎭ ᎣᎦᏤᎵᎦᏯ ᎨᏒᎢ. ᎢᏳᏍᎩᏂ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏱᏄᏍᏛᎾ ᏱᎩ, ᎤᏣᏗᏂᏉ ᏯᏃᎵᎨ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᎥ ᏙᎦᏓᏁᏤᎸ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ, ᎣᎩᎵᏓᏍᏗᏍᎨᏍᎩᏂ ᎨᎵ. ᎤᏣᏘᏂᎧᏂ ᎠᏂᏱᎵᏎ ᎠᏂᏁᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏁᏨ ᎠᏃᎵᎬᎢ—ᎠᎴᎧᏂ ᎠᏴ ᎣᏥᏁᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏃᏣᏛᏁᎲ ᎤᏣᏔᏅᎯ ᎣᎩᎵᏓᏍᏗᏍᎨᎢ.

ᎯᎠ ᏣᏥᏱ ᎡᎯ ᎤᎾᏙᎳᏛᏉ ᎦᏓ ᏧᏂᎭ ᎥᏝᏃ ᏰᎵ ᏧᏂᎧᎾᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎬᏩᏃᏢᏗ ᏱᎩ ᏥᎪᎪᏎᎭ ᎤᏣᏗ ᎣᎩᏐᏅᏤᎭ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᏉ ᎠᏎ ᎣᎬᏬᎠᎯᏍᏗᏱ ᏦᎪᏎᎭ, ᎣᎩᏐᏅᏤᎭ—ᎣᎩᎨᏳᎯᏳᏍᎩᏂ ᎦᏓ ᎣᎦᏤᎵᎦᏯ ᏦᎩᎭ—ᎠᎴ ᏃᏣᏓᏅᏍᎬᎾ ᏱᎩ, ᏣᏥᏱ ᎡᎯ ᏧᎧᎾᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎤᎲ ᎣᎫᏢᏙᏗᏱ ᏣᏂᏁᎦ, ᎾᏍᏉ ᎣᎩᏐᏅᏤᎭ—ᎠᎴ ᎦᏓ ᎣᎦᏤᎵ ᎤᎾᏟᎶᏍᏗᏱ, ᎠᎴ ᎪᎩᏲᏍᏙᏓᏁᏗᏱ ᏄᏓᎴᏒ ᎣᎦᏤᎵᎦᏯ ᎨᏒ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎣᎪᏢᏒ, ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᎥ ᎡᏍᎦ ᎢᎬᏩᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏓᏠᎯᏍᏛ, ᎾᏍᏉ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎣᎩᏐᏅᏤᎭ. ᎤᏲᎢᏳᏍᎩᏂ ᎣᎩᏰᎸᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏱᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᎭ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᏫᏂᎦᎵᏍᏓ ᏯᏁᎵᎭ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ—ᎡᎯᏍ[ᏗᏉ]ᏍᎩᏂ ᎣᎦᏓᏅᏓᏗᏍᏗ—Ꮀ ᎦᏲᎩᏐᏢᏓ ᎣᎨᎵᏍ[?] ᎣᎦᏓᏅᏓᏗᏍᏗ—ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᏉ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏱᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᎭ ᎣᎩᏲᏍᏙᏓᏁᏗᏍᎩᏂ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏛ ᎣᏣᏕᎶᏆᏍᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᎪᏪᎵ ᏙᏥᎦᏙᎥᏍᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎤᏁᏨ ᎣᏣᏓᏂᎸᎬᎢ—ᏭᏍᏗᏍᏗᏉᏍᎩᏂ ᎣᏒ ᎣᏣᎵᏱᎵᏒ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏱᏄᎵᏍᏓᏅ—ᎤᏲᏉᏃ ᎣᎦᎵᏩᏛᎡᏗ ᏱᎩ. ᏂᎯᏍᎩᏂ ᎡᏥᎸᏉᏗ ᏗᏥᎳᏫᎩ ᎢᏥᏁᎢᏍᏓ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏫᏂᎦᎵᏍᏓ ᎢᏣᏛᏗ—ᎠᎴ ᏝᏍᏗ, ᎢᏣᏛᏗ. ᎢᏳᏃ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏫᏂᎦᎵᏍᏓ ᎢᏣᏛᏅ, ᎿᏉᏍᎩᏂ ᎠᏎ ᎣᎩᏃᏴᎢᏍᏗ—ᎢᏳᏃ ᏝᏍᏗ ᎢᏣᏛᏅ, ᎿᏉ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎤᏅᏨ ᎠᏲᎵ ᏨᏛᎴᏗᏍᎪ ᎢᏗᎬᏤᎵᏛ ᏓᏍᎩᏌᎳᏓᏂ. ᎢᏳᏃ ᎤᏲᏉ ᎢᏲᎦᎵᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏩᎵᏱᎶᎸ, ᎡᎯᏍᏗᏉᏍᎩᏂᏃ ᎦᏲᎦᏓᏅᏖᏍᏗ. Ᏺ, ᏃᎬᎦᏉ ᎣᎩᏙᏓ, Ꮀ ᎣᏥᎸᏉᏗᏳ ᎨᏒᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎣᏣᎵᏍᎦᏍᏙᏛ ᏂᎦᎥ ᎣᏣᏕᎶᏆᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎣᎩᏍᏕᎸᏗᏱ, ᏄᏲᏢᏉᏃ ᏃᎬᎦ, ᎣᏤᎵᏍᎨᏍᏗ ᎣᏣᏓᏅᏖᏍᎨᏍᏗ ᏂᎪᎯᎸᎢ.—ᎥᏝᏗᎾ ᏂᏥᏍᎦᎢᎭ—ᎤᎾᏓᏅᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏏᎾᏌᏂ ᏴᏫ ᎨᏥᏁᏤᎸᎯ ᎿᏉ ᎣᎦᏤᎵ ᎨᏒ ᏗᏧᎪᏙᏗᏱ ᏕᏨᏲᎯᏏ.

The undersigned memorialists humbly make known to your honorable bodies, that they are free citizens of the Cherokee nation. Circumstances of late occurrence have troubled our hearts, and induced us at this time to appeal to you, knowing that you are generous and just. As weak and poor children are accustomed to look to their guardians and patrons for protection, so we would come and make our grievances known. Will you listen to us? Will you have pity upon us? You are great and renowned—the nation which you represent is like a mighty man who stands in his strength. But we are small—our name is not renowned. You are wealthy, and have need of nothing; but we are poor in life, and have not the arm and power of the rich.

By the will of our Father in heaven, the Governor of the whole world, the red man of America has become small, and the white man great and renowned. When the ancestors of the people of these United States first came to the shores of America, they found the red man strong—though he was ignorant and savage, yet he received them kindly, and gave them dry land to rest their weary feet. They met in peace, and shook hands in token of friendship. Whatever the white man wanted and asked of the Indian, the latter willingly gave. At the time the Indian was the lord, and the white man the suppliant. But now the scene has changed. The strength of the red man has become weakness. As his neighbors increased in numbers, his power became less and less, and now, of the many powerful tribes who once covered these United States, only a few are to be seen—a few whom a sweeping pestilence has left. The Northern tribes, who were once so numerous and powerful, are now nearly extinct. Thus it has happened to the red man of America. Shall we, who are remnants, share the same fate?

Brothers—we address you according to usage adopted by our forefathers, and the great and good men who have successfully directed the Councils of the nation you represent—we now make known to you our grievances. We are troubled by some of your own people. Our neighbor, the State of Georgia, is pressing hard upon us, and urging us to relinquish our possessions for her benefit. We are told, if we do not leave the country, which we dearly love, and betake ourselves to the western wilds, the laws of the state will be extended over us, and the time, 1st of June, 1830, is appointed for us the execution of the edict. When we first heard of this we were grieved, and appealed to our father the President, and we begged that protection might be extended over us. But we were doubly grieved when we understood, from a letter of the Secretary of War to our Delegation, dated March of the present year, that our father the President had refused us protection, and that he had decided in favor of the extension of the laws of the State over us. This decision induces us to appeal to the immediate representatives of the American people. We love, we dearly love our country, and it is due to your honorable bodies as well as to us, to make known why we think the country is ours, and why we wish to remain in peace where we are.

The land on which we stand we have received as an inheritance from our fathers, who possessed it from time immemorial, as a gift from our common father in heaven. We have already said, that when the white man came to the shores of America, our ancestors were found in peaceable possession of this very land. They bequeathed it to us as their children, and we have sacredly kept it as containing the remains of our beloved men. This right of inheritance we have never ceded, nor ever forfeited. Permit us to ask, what better right can a people have to a country, than the right of inheritance and immemorial peaceable possession? We know it is said of late by the State of Georgia, and by the Executive of the United States, that we have forfeited this right—but we think this is said gratuitously. At what time have we made the forfeit? What great crime have we committed, whereby we must forever be divested of our country and rights? Was it when we were hostile to the United States, and took part with the King of Great Britain, during the struggle for independence? If so, why was not this forfeiture declared in the first treaty of peace between the United States and our beloved men? Why was not such an article as the following inserted in the treaty: "The United States give peace to the Cherokees, but, for the part they took in the late war, declare them to be but tenants at will, to be removed, when the convenience of the states within whose chartered limits they live shall require it."—That was the proper time to assume such a position. But it was not thought of, nor would our forefathers have agreed to any treaty, whose tendency was to deprive them of their rights and their country. All that they have conceded and relinquished are inserted in the treaties, open to the investigation of all people. We would repeat, then, the right of inheritance and peaceable possession, which we claim, we have never ceded nor forfeited.

In addition to that first of all rights, the right of inheritance and peaceable possession, we have the faith and pledge of the United States, repeated over and over again, in treaties made at various times. By these treaties our rights as a separate people are distinctly acknowledged, and guarantees given that they shall be secured and protected. So we have always understood the treaties. The conduct of the Government towards us, from its organization until very lately, the talks given to our beloved men by the Presidents of the United States, and the speeches of the Agents and Commissioners, all concur to show that we are not mistaken in our interpretation. Some of our beloved men who signed the treaties are still living, and their testimony tends to the same conclusion. We have always supposed that this understanding of the treaties was in accordance with the views of the Government; nor have we ever imagined that any body would interpret them otherwise. In what light shall we view the conduct of the United States and Georgia, in their intercourse with us, in urging us to enter into treaties, and cede lands? If we were but tenants at will, why was it necessary that our consent must first be obtained before these Governments could take lawful possession of our lands? The answer is obvious. These governments perfectly understood our rights—our right to the country, and our right to self government. Our understanding of the treaties is further supported by the intercourse law of the United States, which prohibits all encroachments upon our territory. The undersigned memorialists humbly represent, that if their interpretation of the treaties has been different from that of the Government, then they have ever been deceived as to how the Government regarded them, and what she has asked and promised. Moreover, they have uniformly misunderstood their own acts.

In view of the strong ground upon which their rights are founded, your memorialists solemnly protest against being considered as tenants at will, or as mere occupants of the soil, without possessing the sovereignty,—We have already stated to your honorable bodies, that our forefathers were found in possession of this soil in full sovereignty, by the first European settlers; and as we have never ceded nor forfeited the occupancy of the soil and the sovereignty over it, we do solemnly protest against being forced to leave it, either by direct or indirect measures. To the land of which we are now in possession, we are attached—it is our fathers' gift—it contains their ashes—it is the land of our nativity, and the land of our intellectual birth. We cannot consent to abandon it, for another far inferior, and which holds out to us, no inducements. we do moreover protest against the arbitrary measures of our neighbor, the state of Georgia, in her attempt to extend her laws over us, in surveying our lands without our consent, and in direct opposition to the treaties and the intercourse law of the United States, and interfereing with our municipal regulations in such a manner as to derange the regular operation of our own laws. To deliver and protect them from all these and every encroachment upon their rights, the undersigned memorialists do most earnestly pray your honorable bodies. Their existence and future happiness are at stake—divest them of their liberty and country, and you sink them in degredation, and put a check, if not a final stop, to their present progress in the arts of civilized life, and in the knowledge of the christian religion. Your memorialists humbly conceive, that such an act would be in the highest degree oppressive. From the people of these United States, who, perhaps, of all men under heaven, are the most religious and free, it cannot be expected. Your memorialists, therefore, cannot anticipate such a result. You represent a virtuous, intelligent and christian nation. To you they willingly submit their cause for your righteous decision.

Cherokee Nation, December, 1829.

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Page:Earle, Does Price Fixing Destroy Liberty, 1920, 164.jpg

164 must necessarily be applied under the maxim:  "Ubi eadem Ratio ibi idem Jus," the principle has been steadily, and from necessity of justice, wider and wider applied. "Like reasoning making like law."

It is not necessary to examine a multitude of cases, as the Supreme Court itself has thoroughly established this proposition in more than one decision unanimously arrived at. Reference to one of them, Spalding vs. Vilas, must be sufficient to conclude this question. In that case the Postmaster General, not a Judge at all, reached and expressed an opinion in the course of his duty. He was under no necessity of such expression, but he did act in the performance of a duty entrusted to him. Alleged damage followed, and suit was brought against him. The Supreme Court, after examining the general cases applying to the Judiciary, inevitably reached the unanimous conclusion that for like reasons he must also be immune from suit, saying: "The allegation of malicious or corrupt motives could always be made, and if the motives could be inquired into Judges would be subjected to the same vexatious litigation upon such allegations, whether the motives had or had not any real existence.  * * *  The doctrine  * * *  has a deep root in the common law.  It is to be found in the earliest judicial records, and it has been steadily maintained by an undisputed current of decisions.  * * *  It is essential in all Courts that the Judges who are appointed to administer the law should be permitted to administer it under the protection of the law, independently and freely, without favor and without fear.  * * *  How could a Judge so exercise his office if he were in daily and hourly fear of an action being brought against him,


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 to her; that the other part of her subjects was occupied in keeping and rearing great herds of cattle for the markets of Sennaar and other towns, as well as camels for the caravans of Mecca, Cairo, and Sudan, both employments being of public benefit; and, therefore, as she did harm to none, she had a greater reason to wonder what could be his motive of fending so far from home to seek her, and. her harmless subjects, in the desert, with such effusion of innocent blood."

king hearing this sagacious answer, which was followed by many others of the kind, was extremely pleased; but assured her, "That he intended to maintain his ancient right both over her subjects,and the Arabs under Wed Ageeb, who was now his vassal, in all the country from Fazuclo to Suakem; that he considered the Funge as usurpers, and would certainly treat them as such." After this Socinios dismissed the queen, and gave her assurances of protection, having first cloathed her as his vassal in silk and damask, after the fashion of women in her own country.

it was not long before this train of success met with a considerable check. Very soon afterwards, the king being in Gojam, a message was brought to him from the principal people of Narea, informing him plainly, "That Benero, having become cruel and avaricious, put many people to death wantonly, and many more for the fake of their money; having taken from them their wives and daughters, either for his own pleasure, or to sell them as slaves to the Galla — they had at last murdered him, and chosen a man in his room distinguished for his virtue and goodness."


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Rh and having the question submitted to a jury * * *  ? Does an action lie against a man for maliciously doing his duty? I am of opinion that it does not  * * *  No Judge, no jury, no witness  * * *  could discharge his duty freely if not protected by a positive rule of law from being harassed by actions  * * *  and  * * *  that the position of the defendant manifestly required a like protection to be extended to him and to all other officers in the same position."  "There is,", said, "little doubt that the reasons which justify the immunity in the one case do in great measure extend to the other."

Nowhere has this been better stated than by Lord Chancellor, centuries ago, in Barnardiston vs. Soame: "They who are intrusted to judge ought to be free from vexation that they may determine without fear."

As the Courts decide upon the real substance of things, let us inquire what this Act requires.

It has, again and again, been determined that the fixing of charges, etc., is a purely legislative function, to be exercised by the Legislature or its properly denominated substitutes. It, of course, follows, from the decisions already referred to, that both are immune from action or indictment. The Lever Act, departing from established custom, appoints each seller of certain commodities the price determining authority. His judgement, whatever it may be, must control the primary act. But he, unlike the others, has no volition whatever, for he must decide under penalty of losing not only his means of livelihood, but even his constitutional inalienable "right of pursuit."

But this is not all by any means. As the Supreme Court has itself pointed out, the legislative function


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Rh  his death the people unanimously gave to him the name of Tallac, which signifies the Great, a name he has ever since enjoyed unimpeached in the Abyssinian annals, or history of his country, from the which this his reign is taken.

LIAS the Armenian, of whom we have already spoken, and who was charged with letters of protection from Yasous to meet M. du Roule at Sennaar, had reached within three days journey of that capital when he heard that king Yasous was assassinated. Terrified at the news, he returned in the utmost haste to Gondar, and presented the letters, which had been written by Yasous, to be renewed by his son, king Tecla Haimanout. Tecla Haimanout read his father's letters, and approved of their contents, ordering them to be copied in his own name; and Elias without delay set out with them. I have inserted a translation of these letters, which were originally written in Arabic, and seem to


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166 forced upon him is perhaps the most difficult in all the law, most liable to error, most requiring of aid from every source. In the Knoxville case, it is expressly termed "a delicate and dangerous function"; and if the International Harvester case be understood, where a continuing business is involved, its performance is beyond the powers of the human mind. And, yet, it is just in this case alone that every citizen of the United States is to be forced to judge under the fear of ruin, fine and imprisonment. Can that be a possibility under the laws of any highly civilized people, protected by the Constitution?

As is illustrated by the latest application of the underlying principle in the able opinions of Justices and  in the recent cases of Oklahoma vs. Love; and Ohio vs. Ben Avon Borough, where it was so clearly held that, in such cases, men cannot be punished for forced exercise of their judgments, unless and until they have a further and full opportunity of guidance from independent and trained jurists, and acted in defiance of it!

The riddle of the wrong construction of the Lever Act is solved, when it is once clearly understood that its real connection is that millions of men are to be forced to judge at the penalty for failure to do so of a nullification of their constitutional "right of pursuit"; and that, having been thus forced, the whole power of the United States is to be used to persuade twelve


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 The Tweed, which is the next river north of the Richmond, rather deserves the name of a large salt-water inlet than a river; as its proximity to the Richmond, and the rivers which discharge their waters in Moreton bay, renders it impossible for the Tweed to be a large fresh-water stream. Its reaches, however, are long and wide, and are navigable for large boats to a distance of upwards of forty miles from its bar. A cedar dealer, named Scott, crossed the bar of the Tweed in a schooner of sixty tons burden. The land on the banks of the navigable part of the Tweed is of the same rich alluvial character as the other northern rivers; the timber is magnificent. The entrance of the Tweed is between Rainbow bay and Turtle island, in 28° 10' south latitude.

Proceeding along the coast, we arrive at Moreton Bay, which is protected by two narrow islands, each of them being from fifteen to twenty miles in length, called Moreton island and Stradbroke island. The bay also contains numerous small islets, and mud flats covered with mangroves. Several rivers and streams fall into Moreton Bay, the principal of which are the Logan river, the Brisbane river, (which rises in the great main chain, and on which the settlement has been formed) and the Pumice-stone river.

The Brisbane river at Moreton Bay, and the geological formation, peculiar botanical productions, &c. of the surrounding country, have been so


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User:Adamrce

My original contribution, page, and details are on en.wikipedia.org(Adamrce)

My personal activities
Hmmm, there's nothing interesting here; except my dedication of linking real religions and denying funny mythologies. Believers are suppose to be following their holy books; however, I see that most don't. I continually point out to the versus that they ignore, or don't understand, to prove that these religions really are connected--forming one message from the Creator. There's absolutely NO reason for the hate, as it's all human-made cultural misunderstanding. Anyways, my research isn't strictly based on belief, as I always prove my points with reliable sources.

You can check out my Facebook page "http://www.facebook.com/AdvertAdam", and take a look at an interesting blog about my activities "http://AdvertAdam.blogspot.com".

Bless you all! Believers and non-believers.   ~ AdvertAdam  talk

Countries I've Visited
I list these not as a boast about where I've been, but to suggest that I have fairly broad experience of the world and that this helps with my editing.

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 investigated by Mr. Allan Cunningham, that it is needless for me to make any remarks on these subjects. The Brisbane river was discovered by Mr. Oxley, the late Surveyor-General of New South Wales, who, in his official despatch, makes the following observations respecting it.

"I sailed from this port, (Sydney) in His Majesty's cutter Mermaid, on the 23rd of October, 1823, and early on the 2nd day of December following, when examining Moreton bay, we had the satisfaction to find the tide sweeping up a considerable inlet, between the first mangrove island and the main land. The muddiness and taste of the water, together with the abundance of fresh-water molluscæ, assured us we were entering a large river, and a few hours ended our anxiety on this point by the water becoming perfectly fresh, while no diminution had taken place in the size of the river after passing, what I called Sea-Reach. Our progress up the river was necessarily retarded by the necessity we were under of making a running survey during our passage. At sunset we had proceeded about twenty miles up the river. The scenery was peculiarly beautiful; the country along the banks alternately hilly and level, but not flooded; the soil of the finest description of brushwood land, on which grew timber of great magnitude, and of various species, some of which were quite unknown to us. Among others, a magnificent species of pine was in great abundance. The timber on the hills was also good;