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 prevent any other player from doing so, until the puck has been played. A player should always be on his own side of the puck."

This rule, though clear enough to a person who thoroughly understands the game, might be a little bothersome to one who does not. It means that whenever a man is nearer to his opponents' goals than one of his own team who has the puck, he is off-side, and that he may not touch the rubber until he is nearer to his own goals, i.e., farther from his opponents', in the direction of his own, than his assistant who has the puck, unless it has touched or been struck by an adversary, in which case he may secure it. When a man is off-side he is practically out of the game and until he gets or is got into play, he may not touch the puck and must not purposely prevent an opponent from getting it, or obstruct his way.

The last clause in the rule is meant to prevent players from "lagging" off-side. When the puck has been lifted down the ice it is the duty of every forward towards whose goals the rubber has been sent, to follow immediately and quickly, in order to place himself in play, and not lag in the middle of the rink until his defence men shall have returned it. The practice of "lagging" off-side is indulged in in order to gain a rest, but it renders the game slow and uninteresting and fosters off-side play.

The puck may be stopped but, not carried or knocked on, by any part of the body, nor shall any player close his hand on, or carry the puck to the ice in his hand. No player shall raise his stick above the shoulder, except in lifting the puck. Charging from behind, tripping, collaring, kicking or shinning shall not be allowed, and for any infringement of these rules, the Referee may rule the offending player off the ice for that match, or for such portion of actual playing time as he may see fit.

When the puck goes off the ice or a foul occurs behind the goals it shall be taken by the Referee


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142 the abbey of Saint Benoït for two years, without occupation, but lodged and fed and entertained, not at his own cost. At the end of that time he was thought to be no longer dangerous, and was appointed curé of Oroix, a little place with not two hundred inhabitants, in a remote corner of the diocese, miles from every highroad. That Bernadette had heard of the apparition at La Salette is certain, even if she had not heard Ader liken her to one of those who saw that apparition, which took place in 1846, and was preached about and talked of everywhere. I spent a summer in a château in the valley of Argelez in 1850, and the curés mind was full of it. He lent me a book concerning it, and became hot in defence of the veracity of the children.

Representations of the vision of La Salette were set up in churches—statues and pictures and stained glass. Bernadette was a constant attendant at church, and must have heard of this event. Again, but three years previously, Pius IX had proclaimed the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception as de fide, and every pulpit was ringing with it. What it meant Bernadette did not know. But in her narrow, uncultivated mind it took form as a prime verity of the faith which was disputed by those who were weak in their belief—who were not good Catholics. What could have been expected under such influences, but that if the child fancied she saw a vision, that vision would proclaim the doctrine recently promulgated. Can it for a moment be doubted that if she had heard the efficacy of a certain medicine vaunted, seen it everywhere advertised, had it urged on her from the pulpit and in the class and in the confessional, she would have heard the apparition say, "Je suis l'infallible pilule pink."

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 to five yards at right angles from the goal line and there faced. When the puck goes off the ice at the sides it shall be taken by the Referee to five yards at right angles from the boundary line and there faced.

The goal keeper must not during play, lie, kneel or sit upon the ice, but must maintain a standing position.

Goal shall be scored when the puck shall have passed between the goal posts from in front below an imaginary line across the top of posts.

Hockey sticks shall not be more than three inches wide at any part.

The puck must be made of vulcanized rubber, one inch thick all through and three inches in diameter.

The captains of the contesting teams shall agree upon a referee and two umpires (one to be stationed behind each goal), which positions shall not be changed during a match, and two timekeepers. In the event of the captains failing to agree on umpires and timekeepers the referee shall appoint same.

All disputes during the match shall be decided by the Referee, and he shall have full control of all players and officials from commencement to finish of matches, inclusive of stops, and his decision shall be final.

All questions as to games shall be settled by the Umpires, and their decision shall be final.

In the event of any dispute as to the decision of an Umpire or Time-keeper, the Referee shall have power to remove and replace him.

Any player guilty of using profane or abusive language to any officials or other players shall be liable to be ruled off by the Referee, as per Section 8.


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1. The game is played on ice by teams of seven on each side, with a puck made of vulcanized rubber, one inch thick all through and three inches in diameter.

Hockey sticks shall not be more than three inches wide at any part, and not more than thirteen inches long in the blade.

A goal is placed in the middle of each goal line, composed of two upright posts, four feet in height, placed six feet apart, and at least five feet from the end of the ice.

The goal posts shall be firmly fixed. In the event of a goal being displaced or broken, the Referee shall blow his whistle and the game shall not proceed until the post is replaced.

1. Each side shall have a captain (a member of his team), who, before the match, shall toss for choice of goals.

2. Each side shall play on equal time from each end. The duration of championship matches shall not be less than one hour, exclusive of stoppages. The team scoring the greater number of goals in that time shall be declared the winner of the match. If at the end of that time the game is a draw, ends shall be changed and the game continued for ten minutes, each side playing five minutes from each end with a rest of five minutes between, and if


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34 and obtains the hand of the Princess Rose. He now offers the White Knight his choice of the lady or the property. The stranger, however, refuses any division, explains that he is the ghost of the indebted knight, and disappears.

Lion de Bourges runs thus: Lion, son of Duke Harpin de Bourges, was found by a knight in a lion's den and reared as his son. When he grew up, he wasted his foster-father's property in chivalry. Finally, he heard that King Henry of Sicily had promised the hand of his daughter to the knight who should win a tourney that he had established. So Lion started for the court, and on the way ransomed the body of a knight, which he found hanging in the smoke, on account of unpaid debts. At Montluisant the hero won the favour of the Princess Florentine, and, before the tourney, obtained from a White Knight the charger which he still lacked, on condition of sharing his winnings, the princess excepted. With the help of this knight Lion was victorious and obtained the princess. He was then asked by his helper to give up either the lady or the whole kingdom, and did not hesitate to do the latter. At this, the stranger explained that he was the ghost of the ransomed knight and disappeared, though he afterwards returned to assist the hero at need.

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Rh According to Dianese the knight of that name has wasted his substance. When he hears that the King of Chornualglia (Cornwall) has promised his daughter and half of his kingdom to the knight who wins the tourney that he has called, Dianese gets his friends to fit him out and sets forth. On the way he passes through a town where the traffic is diverted from the main street because of a corpse which has long been lying on a bier before a church. He learns that it is the body of a knight, who cannot be buried till his creditors have been paid. At the cost of everything he possesses, save his horse, the hero satisfies the creditors and has the knight buried. When he has gone on two miles, he is joined by a merchant, who promises him money, horses, and weapons if he will give in return half of what he wins in the tourney. Dianese agrees, is fitted out anew, and succeeds in overcoming all comers in the contest. Thus he obtains the hand of the princess and half the kingdom. With his bride, the merchant, and his followers he starts for home; but, when they are only a day's journey from their destination, he is required by the merchant to fulfil his promise—to choose between his bride as one half, his possessions as the other. Dianese takes the lady and rides on. Soon, however, he is joined by the merchant, who praises his faithfulness, gives up the treasures, explains that he is the ghost of the debtor knight, and disappears.

In Old Swedish the daughter and heiress of the King of France promises to marry whatever knight is victor in a tourney which she announces. Pippin, the Duke of Lorraine, hears of this and sets out for France. At the end of his first day's journey he finds lodging at the house of a widow, who is lamenting because her husband, once in good circumstances, has died so poor that she cannot bury him properly. Pippin takes pity

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36 on her, and pays for the man's funeral. On his further journey he falls in with a man on a noble steed, who gives him the horse on condition of receiving half of whatever he shall win. Unthinkingly Pippin agrees and wins the tourney with the help of the horse. After he has married the princess, he is asked by the helper to fuliil his promise. He offers at first half, then the whole of his kingdom, in order to keep his bride, and is finally told by the man that he is the ghost of the dead, while the horse was an angel of God.

Rittertriuwe is of the same romantic character. When Graf Willekin von Montabour had spent his substance in chivalrous exercises, he learned that a beautiful and rich maiden had promised her hand to the knight, who should win a tourney, which she had established. Thereupon he set forth and came to the place announced for the combats. There he found lodging in the house of a man, who would only receive him if he would promise to pay the debts of a dead man, whose body lay unburied in the dung of a horse-stall. Willekin was moved by this story and paid seventy marks, almost all his money, to ransom the corpse and give it suitable burial. He then had to borrow from his host in order to indulge in his customary generosity. On the morning of the jousting he obtained from a stranger knight a fine horse on condition of dividing everything that he won. He succeeded in the tourney above all the other contestants, and so wedded the maiden. On the second night after the marriage the stranger entered his room and demanded a share in his marital rights. After he had offered instead to give all his possessions, the hero started from the room in tears, when the stranger called him back and explained that he was the ghost of the dead, then disappeared.

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 neither side has scored a majority of games, similar periods of ten minutes shall be played in the same way until one side shall have scored a majority of goals.

3. Time-keepers shall be appointed, one by each captain, to keep the time during match.

4. There shall be only one Referee for a match, and in no case shall he belong to either of the competing clubs. He shall enforce the rules, adjudicate upon disputes or cases unprovided for by rule; appoint the goal Umpires; control the Time-keepers; keep the score; and at the conclusion of the match declare the result. The puck shall be considered in play until the Referee stops the game, which he may do at any time, and which he must do at once when any irregularity of play occurs, by sounding a whistle. His decision shall be final.

5. A goal shall be scored when the puck shall have passed between the goal posts from in front and below an imaginary line drawn across the tops of the posts.

Goal Umpires shall inform the Referee when a goal is scored. Their decision shall be final.

6. The game shall be started and renewed by the Referee calling "play" after having placed the puck on its larger surface on the ice, between the sticks of two of the players, one from each team, who are to face it. After a goal has been scored the puck shall be played on the centre of the ice.

7. A player shall always be on his side of the puck. A player is off-side when he is in front of the puck, or when the puck has been hit, touched or is being run


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The New International Encyclopædia/Müller, Friedrich Max

MÜLLER, Author:Friedrich Max Müller (commonly called Max) (1823-1900). One of the best known of recent Orientalists and philologists. He was born at Dessau, in the Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau, December 6, 1823, where his father, the poet Wilhelm Müller (q.v.), was librarian of the ducal library. Max Müller received the elements of his education at Dessau, and then went to Leipzig, where, under Hermann Brockhaus, he began the study of Sanskrit. This he soon chose as his

special pursuit, and at the age of twenty he was ready for the degree of doctor of philosophy. The first fruits of his labors appeared in a translation of the Hitōpadēsa (1844). In 1844 he went to Berlin to study under Bopp and Schelling, and to consult the Sanskrit manuscripts there. In Paris, whither he went in 1845, he began, at the suggestion of Burnouf, to prepare an edition of the Rig-Veda, with the commentary of Sāyana (q.v.). With this view he went to England, June, 1846, to examine the manuscripts in the East India House, London, and the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and, on the recommendation of the distinguished Sanskritist H. H. Wilson, the East India Company commissioned him (1847) to edit the Rig-Veda at their expense. The first volume of this great undertaking appeared in 1849, and the sixth and concluding volume was published in 1874. A second edition was issued in 1889-92. In 1850 Max Müller was appointed deputy Taylorian professor of modern languages at Oxford; in 1854 he succeeded to the professorship, and in 1858 he was elected a fellow of All Souls' College. While pursuing his labors connected with the Rig-Veda he published treatises on a variety of philological topics which did more to awaken in England a taste for the science of language in its modern sense than the labors of any other single scholar. Inheriting the poetic imagination and fire of his father, he had at command such a felicity of illustration that subjects dry under ordinary treatment became in his hands attractive. The lectures which he delivered on the Hibbert Foundation on the Origin and Growth of Religion (1878), and the Gifford series on Natural Religion, Physical Religion, Anthropological Religion, and Theosophy or Psychological Religion (1890-92), attracted much attention. He continued to publish on literary, linguistic, and philosophical subjects up to the time of his death, which occurred at Oxford. October 28, 1900. Among his long list of works, mention may be made of a translation into German of Kalidasa's Meghaduta* (1847); The Language of the Seat of War in the East (2d ed. 1855); Comparative Mythology (in the “Oxford Essays” for 1856); History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature (2d ed. 1860); lectures on The Science of Language (1861; last ed. 1889); The Science of Religion (1870), Chips from a German Workshop, in four volumes, was published 1868-75; the Hibbert Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion, in 1878; Selected Essays, in 1881; Six Systems of Indian Philosophy (1899); Auld Lang Syne (1st and 2d series, 1899); and Ramakrishna, his Life and Sayings (1899). His translation of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, with a scholarly introduction, appeared in two volumes (1881). He wrote a romance, Deutsche Liebe (12th ed. 1901). He was editor of the important series The Sacred Books of the East; was one of the eight foreign members of the Institute of France, a Knight of the Prussian Order, a member of the Privy Council of the Queen of England, besides being the recipient of many honorary degrees. After his death appeared his Last Essays (1901) and My Autobiography (1901), edited by his son. Consult Life and Letters of the Right Honorable Friedrich Max Müller, edited by his wife (London, 1903).


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Rh That Bernadette was an impostor cannot be admitted; no one who knew her, none even of those who disbelieved in the apparition, had any doubt on that score. But she was epileptic, hysterical, and subject to hallucinations. She was very different from Melanie and Maximin Mathieu of La Salette, whom the saintly curé d'Ars saw, and was at once convinced that they were liars. Very similar visions to that seen by Bernadette had been seen by Huguenots. In the spring of 1668, near Castres, a young shepherdess of La Capelle, aged ten, beheld an angel who forbade her going to Mass. The news spread through the country, and, just as at Lourdes, so at La Capelle, crowds assembled to see her in an ecstasy, and hear her converse with the angel, who bade her announce to all to avoid entering Catholic churches. Roman Catholics would say that the girl was deceived by the devil, and that Bernadette's visions were from heaven. But in fact one was as genuinely a delusion as the other.

Unfortunately the case of Bernadette was not examined coolly and impartially. Very soon a doctor, Dozous, took up the cudgels for the miracle. Here is what the procureur impériale says of him, and from that one can judge of the worth of his evidence. "Doctor Dozous was formerly physician at the hospital of Lourdes, but was dismissed his post two years ago. He has resented this bitterly, I understand. Nor was he pleased that he was passed over and three of his confreres were nominated by the prefect to report on the physical and moral condition of Bernadette Soubirous. Be that as it may, he has made a change in his opinions since then. He did call these visions farces, now they are something beyond the power of human nature to explain. On 7 April he was for the first time struck with a circumstance that had previously not struck him or any one else. Bernadette, during her ecstasy, held a lighted candle

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Rh A brief summary of Sir Amadas the last of the six variants, must now be given. Amadas finds himself financially embarrassed, and sets forth for seven years of errantry with only forty pounds in hand. This he pays to release and bury the body of a merchant who has died in debt. When thus reduced to absolute penury, Amadas meets a White Knight, who tells him that he will aid him on condition of receiving half the gains. The hero finds a rich wreck on the seacoast, and so with new apparel goes to the court, where he wins wealth in a tourney and the princess's heart at a feast. After he marries her and has a son born to him, the White Knight reappears and demands that the accepted conditions be complied with. Hesitatingly Amadas prepares to divide first his wife and afterwards his son, but he is stayed by the stranger, who explains that he is the ghost of the dead merchant. So Amadas is at last released from misfortune and lives in happiness.

In all six of these stories we have a knight, who sets out to win a tourney in which the victor's prize is to be the hand of a princess. In all of them save Old Swedish he is represented as being impoverished by previous extravagance, in Richars, Lion de Bourges, and Rittertriuwe it being expressly stated that he had wasted his fortune by over-indulgence in his passion for jousting. On his way to the place appointed for the contest the hero pays for the burial of a man whose corpse is held for debt. He goes on and is approached either before (Richars, Lion de Bourges, Dianese, Old Swedish, and Sir

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144 between her hands, and the flame licked her hands without burning them. Other spectators, quite as well situated at M. Dozous, assert that he saw incorrectly, or ill appreciated what he did see."

On 12 March, 1858, the Emperor Napoleon III demanded information relative to the affair of Lourdes. Somewhat later the Empress was at Biarritz, and had with her as attendant Mme. Bruat, who had just returned from Lourdes, bringing with her some of the grass that grows in the grotto. It fell out one night that the Prince Imperial was ill, and croup was feared. Mme. Bruat urged the application of the herb from Lourdes. The Emperor was roused, and in his presence the bit of dried grass was applied to the lips of the child, and he became easier. The Emperor and Empress at once extended their protection to the grotto, and all serious examination into the matter was at an end. This was on 2 August. The consequences were immediately felt. None of the civil authorities at Tarbes or Lourdes dared thenceforth express doubts in the genuineness of the apparition. It had a further effect. There existed a good number of documents in the dossier at Tarbes relative to what had been going on at Lourdes, very candid accounts—perhaps too candid. One compromising packet disappeared, and was offered privately for sale to several persons. The police were at once set to work, and secured the stolen packet, which was not restored to its place, but totally and irretrievably disappeared.

In 1869 appeared Lasserre's book, Notre Dame de Lourdes, which had an enormous sale; it had reached its 126th edition in 1892. Henri Lasserre had been a journalist, and his paper, the Contemporaine, had utterly failed. He was in bad circumstances, when the bright idea struck him to puff Lourdes.

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 with, by any of his own side behind him (i.e., between himself and the end of the rink near which his goal is placed.

A player being off-side is put on-side when the puck has been hit by, or has touched the dress or person of any player of the opposite side, or when one of his own side has run in front of him, either with the puck or having played when behind him.

If a player when off-side plays the puck, or annoys or obstructs an opponent, the puck shall be faced where it was last played before the off-side play occurred.

8. The puck may not be stopped with the hand except by the goal keeper (see rule 11) but may be stopped, but not carried, or knocked on by any other part of the body.

9. No player shall raise his stick above his shoulder. Charging from behind, tripping, collaring, kicking, cross-checking, or pushing shall not be allowed. And the Referee must rule off the ice, for any time in his discretion, a player who, in the opinion of the Referee, has deliberately offended against the above rule.

10. When the puck goes off the ice behind the goal line it shall be brought out by the Referee to a point five yards in front of the goal line, on a line at right angles thereto, from the point at which it left the ice, and there faced.

When the puck goes off the ice at the side, it shall be similarly faced three yards from the side.

11. The goal-keeper must not during play, lie, sit or kneel upon the ice: he may, when in goal, stop the puck with his hands, but shall not throw or hold it. He may


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Rh He went there in August, 1867, and placed himself in the house of the curé Peyramale, and took in without criticism everything that he was told. He did more; he dressed up every incident fantastically, turned the story into a romance, giving details and conversations that could only have been obtained had he tracked Bernadette from day to day with a camera snap-shotting her, and with a note-book and pencil taking down everything heard in shorthand. He made no scruple to falsify facts which did not suit him, and he had his reward; the book sold with an unprecedented rapidity, and filled his pockets with gold. Now the Jesuit Cros also wrote about Lourdes; but his work, that appeared in 1901, while exposing many of Lasserre's falsehoods and exaggerations, had to be gone through and cut about by his superiors before that it was suffered to be published. It causes some surprise, and it convinces some people that miraculous agency has worked in the grotto, in that so much water flows away from the taps supposed to discharge that which issues from the spring in the cave. This water is drawn off, evaporated, and sold in pastilles (big boxes, 2 francs; bonbonnières, 75 cents). But does it really come from the source pretended? The water of the cave is merely the dripping and sweating of the walls and the oozing up of infiltration of the Gave, that is little lower than the floor; but hence now issues a copious spring.

An experienced scientist of Bayonne managed to break through the wire netting at the end of the grotto that conceals the miraculous spring from the public, and to pour in sufficient fluorescine to discolour 10,000 litres of water. This would have revealed itself at the taps infallibly, had this latter supply come from the grotto. No discoloration, however, appeared. The gentleman who made this experiment wrote

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 wear pads but must not wear a garment such as would give him undue assistance in keeping goal. The Referee must rule off the ice, for any time in his discretion, a player who, in the opinion of the Referee, has offended deliberately against this rule.

12. No change of players shall be made after a match has commenced, except by reason of accident or injury during the game.

13. Should any player be injured during a match, break his skate, or from any other accident be compelled to leave the ice, the opposite side shall immediately drop a man to equalize the teams. In the event of any dispute, the matter shall at once be decided by the Referee.

15. Should the game be stopped by the Referee by reason of the infringement of any of the rules, or because of an accident or change of players, the puck shall be faced at the spot where it was last played, before such infringement, accident or change of players shall have occurred.


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146 to the superior of the Fathers of the Grotto to inform him of the test he had applied. He received no answer. Then, in a second letter, published in the Reveil de Bayonne, he offered to pay the superior the sum of 40,000 francs if he would allow the matter of the water to be properly investigated, and could prove that there was no trickery. The water, he asserted, was drawn from the Gave higher up stream. The Fathers shrank from the investigation. My authority for this is Jean de Bonnefon. But I must add that I wrote to that gentleman and also to the editor of the Reveil de Bayonne to learn the name of the man who offered the challenge, and also the date when made, and that neither one nor the other has had the courtesy to reply. The editor may, however, be dead, as the Reveil has ceased to appear. Nevertheless, the charge of fraud has been made publicly by M. de Bonnefon, and it is incumbent on the French Government to see that no trickery is used to impose on the religious public, and obtain of it money under false pretences. The Fathers of Garaison are no longer nominally in charge of the grotto and all its belongings, but this is nominally only. They are now called vicaires, under authorization of the Bishop of Tarbes. The name is altered, that is all. Monte Carlo is under the protection of the French Government. A German, Captain Weihe, has brought charges against the Company of fraudulent action, of having the balls loaded and of employing magnets. The French Government should insist before extending its patronage to the gambling hell at Monte Carlo and to the grotto of Lourdes to have the proceedings in both thoroughly and impartially investigated. But both bring vast sums of money into the country, and consequently the Government shuts its eyes upon both. When the inventories

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 Team.—A team shall be composed of seven players, who shall be bona-fide members of the club they represent.

Game.—The game shall be commenced and renewed by a face in the centre of the rink. Rink shall be at least 112 feet by 58 feet.

Goals.—A goal is placed in the middle of each goal line, composed of two upright posts, four feet in height, placed six feet apart, and at least five feet from the end of the ice. The goal posts shall be firmly fixed. In the event of a goal post being displaced or broken, the Referee shall blow his whistle, and the game shall not proceed until the goal is replaced.

Face.—The puck shall be faced by being placed between the sticks of two opponents, and the Referee then calling play.

Match.—Two halves of twenty minutes each, exclusive of stoppages, with an intermission of ten minutes between, will be the time allowed for games. A game will be decided by the team scoring the greatest number of goals during that time. In case of a tie after playing the specified time, play will continue for ten minutes more, when, in the event of the score still being even, another game will be played at a time and place mutually agreed upon, such time to be prior to the next scheduled game. Goals shall be changed after each half.


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Rh were taken in the spring of 1906 the Bishop of Tarbes gave instructions that no sort of opposition was to be offered at Lourdes to the Government authorities counting up the silver hearts, and crutches, etc., in the basilica and grotto. It mattered not to him to have the feathers of the goose counted, so long as the goose itself was not killed that laid the golden eggs. He was careful not to provoke opposition, lest an inquiry should be made that might lead to awkward disclosures.

Not that any amount of exposure of trickery—if trickery has been resorted to—would disabuse the minds of the credulous. Human stupidity is too crass for that; but it would relieve the French Government of the discredit of conniving at dishonest proceedings. Before Lasserre's book had appeared, the Bishop of Tarbes had appointed a commission to investigate the alleged marvels at Lourdes, but there was not a name on the commission that could command confidence, only a vicar-general, canons of the cathedral, and the like, not a single man of science and of independent mind. When the bishop was satisfied—and most easy to satisfy he was—he gave his sanction to pilgrimages to the grotto, and Pius IX accorded indulgences to such as made the visit. He did more; he instituted a liturgical office for 11 February, to be inserted in the Breviary, in commemoration of the first apparition. Consequently the Church of Rome is irrevocably committed to this great delusion.

It was necessary to get rid of Bernadette; she was not indeed likely to "faire des bêtisses"; but, in her own interest, it was well that she should be removed, lest her head should be turned, as people were entreating her to perform miraculous cures. And it was quite possible that she in her simplicity might let out compromising avowals—not indeed that the

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38 Amadas) or after (Rittertriuwe) he reaches the lists by a man, who provides him with a horse, by the aid of which he wins the tourney and the princess. In Dianese the hero is a merchant, in Old Swedish his estate is not mentioned, but in the other four variants he appears as a knight (a white knight in Richars, Lion de Bourges, and Sir Amadas). In Dianese the hero is also provided with armour; in Richars and Lion de Bourges he is assisted in his jousting by the White Knight; and in Sir Amadas he finds a wreck on the coast from which he obtains all things needful. In Richars we find the somewhat inept conclusion that the hero asks his friendly helper whether he will take the princess or the property as his share. The latter responds that he wishes only his horse, explains who he is, and vanishes. In all the other variants, however, the condition is made that the hero divide whatever he shall gain.

With reference to Richars and Lion de Bourges, Wilhelmi's careful discussion has made it clear that, though they agree in many points as against all the other related versions, not only in respect to The Grateful Dead, but to the further course of a complicated narrative, neither one could have been taken from the other. The difference in the matter of the division between Richars and all the other variants he neglects, though it strengthens his position. Back of Richars and Lion de Bourges, earlier than the thirteenth century, there must have existed a literary work which was their common source. This hypothetical French romance may be considered as the foundation of the whole group which we are discussing.

Since Old Swedish agrees with most of the other variants with regard to the division, and furthermore

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text:
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 Change of Players.—No change of players shall be made after a game has commenced, except for reasons of accidents or injury during the game.

Should any player meet with an accident during a game and be compelled to leave the ice, his side shall have the option of putting on a spare man from the  reserve to equalize the teams. In the event of any dispute between the captains as to such player's fitness to continue the game, the matter shall at once be decided by the Referee.

Stoppages.—Should a game be temporarily stopped by the infringement of any of the rules, the captain of ths opposite team may claim that the puck be taken back and a face take place where it was last played from before such infringement occurred.

Off-side.—When a player hits the puck, any one of the same side who at such moment of hitting is nearer the opponent's goal line is off-side, and may not touch the puck himself or in any way whatever prevent any other player from doing so until the puck has been played. A player must always be on his own side of the puck.

Knocking on, Charging, Etc.—The puck may be stopped, but not carried nor knocked on, by any part of the body. No player shall raise his stick above the shoulder. Charging from behind, tripping, collaring, kicking or cross-checking shall not be allowed, and the Referee must rule off the ice, for any time in his discretion, a player who, in his opinion has offended deliberately against the above rule.


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148 whole thing had been got up as a fraud, for that it was not, but might avow how greatly she had been influenced by the suggestive action of the abbés Ader, Pomian, and Peyramale, all doing their part in good faith, with no intent of deception but who, like Ader, had become, conscious après coup that they had brought this affair about.

Bernadette was taken off and shut up in a convent at Nevers, at such a distance from her home that there seemed no chance of relative or acquaintance ever seeing her again. There she was retained very close; hardly any one was permitted to visit her. Her health, always frail, gave way in confinement, deprived of her mountain air, and she died in 1879. When it was known that she was on her death-bed M. le Gentil very kindly undertook to pay the expenses of her brother to Nevers, so as to have a last look at his sister. Gentil accompanied him. Nevers would seem to have been chosen expressly as a place where to place Bernadette, so difficult is it to be got at from Tarbes—only by cross lines and slow trains, with long waits at every change. However difficult and tedious Gentil and Soubirous may have found it, making their way thither by train, it was nothing to the difficulties caused by wilful obstruction put in their way on reaching Nevers. Soubirous went alone to the convent, and asked for the superior. She replied to his demand for an interview with his dying sister, "It is against the rules of the convent." Soubirous, timid as poor peasants are, returned to the hotel and told M. Gentil his want of success. Soubirous went again to the convent and was again refused. Then the two men called at the palace on the bishop. He said, "I can do nothing. The superior is mistress in her house." Then Soubirous and his companion went again to the

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Rh with Rittertriuwe, in stating that the hero offered all his property in order to keep his wife, there seems to be no doubt that it belongs to this particular group, despite the fact that it says nothing about the hero's poverty. The connection is not improbable on the score of chronology, if we suppose that the source of Richars and Lion de Bourges, or some similar tale, found its way into the North by translation in the first half of the thirteenth century, a time when translations into Icelandic at anyrate were made in great numbers. Indeed, the names Pippin, Lorraine, etc., immediately suggest a French source; and the story is not really a legend at all, though it appears in a legendary, but a narrative quite in the style of the romans d'aventure.

With reference to Sir Amadas, two points of special interest appear. The hero is provided the wherewithal for his successful courtship by means of a wreck to which he is directed by the White Knight; and he is required to divide his child as well as his wife with his helper. These peculiarities, together with the diiferent opening, make it improbable that Richars, as preserved, was the direct source of the romance, though its author may have known some text either of that romance, or of Lion de Bourges. It seems more likely, however, that the source of Sir Amadas was rather the common original of both those versions. In the present state of the evidence it is impossible to do more than to show, as I have attempted to do, that the fourteenth-century Sir Amadas is a member of the little group under discussion.

The proposed division of the son is peculiarly important in that it connects the group with the stories in which The Grateful Dead is compounded with the theme of Amis and Amiloun. Indeed, the general relationship of The Spendthrift Knight to that theme must be considered in a later chapter after more important compounds have been

title: Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/55


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Rh and entered the parlour, where they declared firmly that they would remain till the request was granted. The superior in great agitation entreated them to depart and not provoke a scandal. "I am but a feeble woman," she said, "and the bishop has forbidden me to allow you to see your sister."

Throughout the day the two men remained at their post seated in the parlour. Emissaries ran to and fro between the convent and the bishop's palace. The house was like a disturbed ant-heap. Sisters passed and repassed, peeped in and withdrew. Voices were heard in discussion in the passages. But the two men would not budge.

At last night drew on. It would never do to allow them to pass it in this holy prison. At last, pale and trembling, the superior entered, and said, "Monseigneur has consented."

Soubirous was then conducted to the infirmary. The whole community of twenty nuns, and all the serving sisters, were there crowded about the bed. On it Soubirous caught a glimpse of the white face of his sister with her great burning eyes looking at him, and tears rolling down her cheeks. The dying girl in a feeble voice said, "The fathers will give you work. They have promised it." That was all. The head sank back on the pillow, and more tears flowed. Soubirous was then hustled out of the room, and he never more saw Bernadette.

To-day this man is well-to-do. He has a shop and a house, and fears God and the Fathers of the Grotto. So ended this poor martyr to the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. The annual number of pilgrims who visit the grotto amounts

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 Puck Off Ice.—When the puck goes off the ice behind the goal line, or a foul occurs behind the goal line, the puck shall be brought by the Referee to a point five yards in front of the goal line, at right angles from the point at which it left the ice, and there faced. When the puck goes off the ice at the side it shall be similarly faced three yards from the side.

Goal-keeper.—The goal-keeper must not, during play, lie, kneel or sit upon the ice, but must maintain a standing position.

Score.—A goal shall be scored when the puck shall have passed between the goal posts from in front and below an imaginary line across the top of posts.

Sticks.—Hockey sticks shall be made of wood, with no harder substance attached thereto, and shall not be more than three inches wide at any point.

Puck.—The puck must be made of vulcanized rubber, one inch thick all through and three inches in diameter.

Officials.—The captains of the contesting teams shall agree upon a Referee, a Timekeeper and two Umpires, one to be stationed behind each goal, which positions shall not be changed during a game except by mutual consent.

Referee.—All disputes on the ice shall be settled by the Referee, and his decision shall be final.

Umpires.—All questions as to goals shall be settled by the Umpires, and their decisions shall be final.


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150 to something over 600,000, and the affluence increases every year. Trainloads of sick people leave Paris in the month of August, when the principal pilgrimage takes place. But all the festivals of the Blessed Virgin, and that of the Apparition, inserted in the calendar with proper Mass, give occasion to solemnities of exceptional grandeur, the most imposing feature of which is the night processions so beautifully described by Zola. Hideous and vulgar are basilica and chapel of the Rosary that have been erected over and by the cave. The situation is exceptionally beautiful, and would lend itself to a stately and well-proportioned church and pile of buildings; but it has been used as an occasion for the display of architectural ineptitude. Grotto and church are crowded with ex votos memorials of cures wrought there, cures that are reputed miraculous. But who is to decide where the natural ends and the miraculous begins? In the present condition of science we cannot draw the line between the natural and the supernatural. None can plant his walking-stick at a certain point and say that he has reached "ubi defuit or bis," and no man can declare the exact point "ubi defuit scientia." We know that the Maladetta is in Spain, and that the Vingemale is in France, because the mountain chain has been surveyed, and the line of demarcation drawn between Spain and France. Such a tree, such a rock, such a hamlet, we know for certain is in one or other of these countries. But there is no such boundary in Nature. Where does the vegetable realm end and the animal kingdom begin? Psychology and physiology overlap and interpenetrate one another. The body acts on the mind, and the mind on the body. Those who come to Lourdes come in a condition of nervous exaltation, in a fever of faith and hope; not only so, but they come in crowds, and

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40 discussed. It will be noted that the group just considered is purely literary and purely mediaeval. Though it has representatives in Italy, Germany, Sweden, and England, it is to all intents and purposes French in source and character. Five of its members are the only variants treated in this chapter where the question of dividing the hero's prize is brought up. The group thus stands by itself, and may be considered as an entity when we come to a discussion of the larger matters of relationship.

A solitary folk-tale now demands attention—my Breton II. The Grateful Dead in a simple form is here combined with a story told of Gregory the Great, as Luzel, to whom the tale was recounted by a Breton peasant, indeed briefly noted. The Breton tale runs as follows: A rich lord and lady had no children. While the lady was praying to St. Peter in a chapel that was being repaired, she fell a victim to a young painter, and had by him a son, who was named after St. Peter. When the boy was twelve years of age, he carried St. Peter across a stream one day, while his shepherd companion

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 The season shall be between December 1 and April 1.

The championship shall be decided by a series of games, a schedule of which shall be arranged at the annual meeting. The club winning the most games shall be declared champions.

All championship games shall be played on covered rinks, arranged for at the annual convention.

The League shall offer a championship trophy, the winning club to hold same and be recognized as champions.

Any team making default shall forfeit its right to compete for the championship for that season, and all games played by defaulting team shall be declared off.

A Referee should be decided upon by the captains forty-eight hours before a game.

It shall be the duty of the captains of the contesting teams to hand to the Referee the names of the players for each game before the start. It shall be the duty of the Referee to forward to the Secretary of the League the score of each game, with the names of players and umpires.


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 Captains before a game shall toss for choice of goals.

A player must be a bona fide member of the club he represents at least thirty (30) days before he is eligible to compete in championship games. No player shall play in an Amateur Hockey League schedule game who, during the then current season, has played with another club, in a recognized Hockey Association, without special permission of the Executive.

All clubs must register with the Secretary of the League the colors of their playing uniform, and no two clubs shall be permitted to have uniforms of the same color. The order of being admitted to League membership shall determine choice of colors.


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game

title: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pelican

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pelican


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Rh the magnetic, electric influence exercised by great masses of men and women on one another, is prodigious, when all are actuated by the same impulse.

That cures have been wrought at Lourdes I do not doubt. Similar and as many, and as genuine cures were wrought of old in pagan temples, which were also crowded with ex votos.

And what guarantee have we that these cures have been permanent? A man with a rheumatic leg prays at the cave, dips in the dirty pool, feels that he can walk, and hangs up his crutches. Next day he is as much crippled as before, but he has not the courage to go back to the grotto and resume his crutch; he orders another from Paris.

But that some of the cures are permanent need not be doubted. The effect of imagination on the body is immense. Every nervous person can make himself ill by imagining himself to be ill; and a good many can get well by persuading themselves that they are convalescent. There was much truth in Mrs. Chick's saying that Mrs. Dombey died because "dear Fanny wouldn't make an effort."

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Rh which the waters of Gazost are led, its casino, and a park in which the bamboos grow rank, and the acacias in spring flower and scent the air. Avenues, bordered by hotels, link the Argelez of the tourist and those who go there for what the Germans call "Sommerfrische" with the old Argelez. Among the villas is the château of Vieusac, from which that scoundrel Barrère took a title, that he dropped in the Reign of Terror, and reassumed as soon as he was safe under Louis Philippe, when he represented Argelez in the Conseil Général. This place was formerly a Romano-Gaulish settlement; in a field near the town a considerable number of cinerary urns have been dug up. A mile below Argelez is the Balandrau, a huge block of stone balanced at the edge of a crag, held from falling by a small stone of different nature, that retains it in position, and looking as though all it needed was a touch to send it hurtling down upon the roof of a farm-house planted beneath. A Mass is said annually in the church of Argelez to invoke Divine intervention against such a catastrophe. The Balandrau has been supposed to be a megalithic monument of the dolmen builders, but it is natural, a relic of the Ice Age in the valley when it was choked with glaciers. Farther down a stream flows into the Gave. Here, at Ouzous, is an intermittent spring that turns a mill, when it pleases it to flow. Before it bursts forth it is said to growl and grumble. Here also, in the face of the limestone cliff, is a cave that served as a church during the Reign of Terror, when priests were hunted down like wolves; and here the peasants assembled to hear Mass. Fifty years ago the rude stone altar, made like that of Gilgal, was standing; I have not been to the grotto since. Facing Argelez, the right bank of the Gave to the crest

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154 of the mountains, from Préchac to the mouth of the Valley of Isaby constitutes one of the seven valleys of the ancient confederation of the Lavedan. It is not a valley at all, any more than is that of S. Savin, which formed another, both being mountain slopes, one on the right, the other on the left bank of the Gave. This was the Devantaïgue, which means literally, "in face of the waters," and comprised five communes. In it is the Castle of Beaucens, the former residence of the counts of Lavedan, before it passed into the hands of the King of Navarre. It is an imposing ruin, with the little village clustered about the feet of the rock on which it stands. Tradition is, as we were informed by the peasants, that up to the Revolution a terrible toll was exacted of this little commune; it was bound annually to supply a girl to become a prostitute in Paris. The Valley of Azun, next to that of Bareges, is the largest of the seven of the confederacy. It is cut off from the basin of Argelez by a barrier of rock, through which its steel-blue Gave has sawn a way. The road to reach the valley has to mount high to surmount the barrier; and this point was strongly defended by three fortresses, the most considerable of which was Castelnau-d'Azun. The ruins are dominated by a donjon and a square tower, of the fourteenth century, which castle was held by the English till taken by assault by the peasants in 1404. Above the ravine cleft by the river is a rock from which the inhabitants hurled a collector of taxes into the abyss, a simpler proceeding than paying their dues. But they were always an independent people, self-governing, almost autonomous. Every householder, female as well as male, voted to elect their consuls and representative at the common parliament that sat at Argelez, comprising those sent from each of the seven valleys to

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Rh such matters as concerned all conjointly. One can understand how restive they were under the English tyranny. The kings of Navarre respected the privileges of the confederate little republics, and did not interfere with them, but sent a bailiff to administer justice in his name.

The Valley of Azun had to be watched and well guarded, as down it came one of the passages from Spain over a col. Accordingly, the castles on the barrier were but one link in the defence. Arras, farther up, had two more castles, now degraded to prosaic use. Above Arras again is Aucun. The church contains two bénitiers, one, richly carved, represents a wedding, with tumblers, and a musician playing the bagpipes. The other, also of white marble, has on it rudely-sculptured bears in various postures. Aucun was the capital of this miniature republic. A little below it a road descends to and crosses the Gave, and then mounting to the village of Bun leads up the narrow valley of the Gave de Lebat to the pretty bottle-green lakelet of Estaing lying at the foot of the Soum de Monne, behind which is Cauterets.

Farther up the valley of Azun is Arreins, whence started the track leading into Spain by the Col de la Peyre S. Martin. The church served as a refuge in time of danger. It still keeps its crenellated wall of enclosure. Hard by is the pilgrimage chapel of Puy-al-Hun, on a rock standing boldly up out of the midst of the valley. A writer in 1837 thus describes it:—

"We went up to Notre Dame Pouey-la-Unt, beautifully set down upon a platform overlooking a world of sweet and serene aspect, and having for its rough pavement the rock on which it is built. A fissure runs through it, and when it rains, a stream through the fissure; but the walls are panelled brown and gold, the roof is azure starred with gold, the pillars

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text:
Page:Non-Mathematism The Origin of the Mind and Concept of God.pdf/2

 {|
 * Contents
 * Introduction
 * Chapter 1 Origin of the Mind
 * Chapter 2 The Concept of God as Megamind
 * Chapter 3 Dreams and the Soul
 * Epilogue
 * }
 * Chapter 3 Dreams and the Soul
 * Epilogue
 * }
 * Epilogue
 * }

Printed Feb. 2011 Copyright 2010 Dr. H.P. Chow No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews, or in respect of fair dealing for the purpose of research or private study.


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/I

title: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/I


text:
Page:Non-Mathematism The Origin of the Mind and Concept of God.pdf/15

 Epilogue

All the above understanding of Mind, God, dreams and souls are largely logical deductions. However, I must admit there is an element of philosophical belief in some aspects.

When my comprehension of the origin of the Mind slowly evolved to the understanding that there must be a non-mathematical world where the Mind originates and exists, I felt liberated. My understanding of the nature of God as megamind followed logically. However, it is my search for the understanding of dream and soul that puzzled me a lot, and I must admit that it is in respect of these that a certain degree of philosophical belief is required.


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/II

title: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/II


text:
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 soul can be. In fact, when we dream, we can feel our soul.

Dreams can be regarded as our soul which we experience when we are alive. After death, our dream-like state as our soul persists.


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/III

title: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/III


text:
Page:Non-Mathematism The Origin of the Mind and Concept of God.pdf/13

 Chapter 3: Dreams and the Soul

Dreams and Soul are the byproducts of the Mind.

Everyone experiences dreams. Dreams, no matter how real or magnificent, do not perform real tasks. The Mind can. So dreams cannot be part of the Mind itself.

Dreams only occur in the living body, so it coexists with the Mind, which also can only exist in the living body.

Dreams are dissociated with the real physical world, so it is also a non-mathematical state.

Combining all the above understandings, dreams are best understood as the byproduct of the Mind.

After the body extinguishes, the Mind also vanishes. What can persist after death? If a soul can exist after the body perishes then the soul cannot also be the Mind. My theory is that it can only be the byproduct of the Mind — a dream-like state. If there is a soul that exists after the Mind vanishes, it is a dream-like state.

So now we can have a vague idea of what our future


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156 of the high altar twisted like those of the baldaquin of S. Peter's at Rome, gorgeously gilt and gracefully wreathed with vine leaves and tendrils and bunches of grapes, all gold or its likeness."

The chapel is much the same now as it was when this was written, but the stream no longer flows in the channel athwart the floor. The Commissioners of the Directory visited the place to plunder the shrine and destroy the image of the Virgin, but when they entered the church they were scared by unearthly noises proceeding from above, and they ran away. These noises were produced by some young peasants who had secreted themselves between the vaulting and the roof. However, the chapel was sold, and bought by a farmer's widow in the place. Next a small garrison was quartered in it, for the protection of the frontier against the Spaniards, and the impression of their muskets on the balustrades may still be seen. One evening the women of Arreins, disguising themselves as Spanish soldiers, to the roll of drum, in the dusk made an attack on the chapel, and the garrison, thinking discretion the better part of valour, decamped, and did not halt to take breath till they reached Argelez. The chapel was visited by Queen Hortense in 1807; she had recently lost her son, the Prince Royal of Holland, and she founded here a Mass to be said in perpetuity for the repose of his soul. The Abbé Pome, then owner and chaplain of the sanctuary, wrote to give the Queen an account of the first anniversary Mass.

"That day, which should have been one of mourning by recalling the memory of a prince born to be the successor of the great Napoleon, has become a day of joy and thankfulness through the birth of another prince, who, generated in our mountains, and, if I may presume to say so, under the special

title: Page:A book of the Pyrenees.djvu/192


text:
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 God is never a physical object. Depicting God like human beings or in various forms of statues, even though arguing that they are just symbolic, is misleading. These religious beliefs do not understand that God exists in a state of Mind, a megamind.

Voltaire rightly pointed out that God is non-material. However, he did not understand that God is akin to the human Mind.

This belief that God is not only non-material, but high and above, God is non-calculable, can be called "Non-mathematism".

Believers in this theory can call themselves "Non-mathematists". Or someone can devise a better name for this belief.


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 If we accept the above analogy, then we may presume we understand the nature of God and understand who He is, what He is, and what we can compare Him with. But such understanding of God must be limited, because I am sure that our human Mind's intellectual ability is far from perfect, as it is limited by our understanding of dimensions.

When our bodies perish, our individual Minds will be non-existent. When the universe disappear, God will also be non-existent.

Body and Mind coexist; God and cosmos coexist.

How about the soul? It is something I still cannot well understand but which I will further elaborate on in the next chapter on dreams.

My theory on the nature of God has one basic similarity to various religious beliefs like Christianity, Islamism, and various forms of Paganisms etc — we all believe there is a God almighty. However, those religions place too much emphasis on asking people to go through their various figureheads — Jesus Christ, Mohammed, various mountain spirits, etc — to reach God. My belief goes to directly understanding and reaching God without these various forms of worship.


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 Can God be a supermind, some sort of Mind above human Mind?

At present, we do not have the slightest idea of whether a different sort of Mind can exist, or what is the nature of a supermind, so I would rather recognise God as a megamind.

The best way to understand God as a megamind is to imagine our own Mind being God of the numerous cells of our own body. Our individual cells in fact have Minds of their own. In this analogy, neurons may represent human beings or higher animals; macrophages may represent larger animals like whales or elephants; smaller cells like lymphocytes may represent insects; bones are land masses; body fluids can be rivers and oceans, and so on.

And what is above these cells and in fact controls their activities? It is our Mind which is something abstract, with no form or weight, something with which each human cell has no direct contact but which, if the individual cell has high enough intelligence, should know it is there and guiding the cell's individual activities. Each cell has a Mind of its own, although the cell's Mind is much more primitive as compared to the human Mind.


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 '''Chapter 2: The Concept of God as Megamind'''

As my analysis of the origin of the Mind progressed, I soon realized this can lead to better understanding of the nature of God.

What traverses space without limits? What defies time, can go to the past and predict the future, and can exist at the present?

What is almighty, its scope of ideas and imaginations can go beyond our physical limits?

It is something which is very much the same as the state of the Mind we know of.

God exists as a megamind. A Mind that is so vast as to encompass every Mind. God as a megamind is limitless — beyond comparison with any Mind that we know of, including the human Mind. Such "vastness" is only a concept for our human understanding. It is not a measurement of magnitude we know of in the mathematical calculations for matters of the Universe.


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 antimathematical because antimathematics measure positivity and negativity and is still mathematical.

Just ask yourself: what am I thinking now and doing at the moment is the result of a series of mathematically calculable events since the production of the universe — how can it be possible?

The universe can be produced physics-mathematics, the Mind cannot.


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 thing which they can never solve is how creativeness can originate. What they are observing and analysing are the activities of neurons and synapses themselves, but not how the actions arise.

Some scientists still believe that given the most powerful computer and provided with enough information, purposeful activities and even creativity can be predicted and replicated. How can one by mathematics predict that Issac Newton, by observing the falling apple, can discover the existence of something called "gravitational force"?

How can mathematics predict that Michaelangelo, by fine strokes of numerous variations, and mixing of numerous colours, produce paintings which are purposely designed for the praise of God? How can Mozart, just by response to outside stimuli, without a mind of his own, compile together numerous musical points purposeful to soothe the mind?

The answer to these activities of the Mind can only be that the Mind exists in a non-calculable non-mathematical pattern.

It is not supermathematical because supermathematics measure quantity and is still mathematics. It is not


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 Yet we can never isolate a piece of it, nor can we take a piece of Mind in our hands. And when we are unconscious or sleeping, it is gone.

If the universe continues to behave in a purely physical-mathematical way, there will be no Mind. Everything is dead.

The Mind can only arise and exist in a non-physical-mathematical system. To make it simple, I'll call it a "Non-mathematical System".

We are used to analysing everything by mathematics. Scientists study the "Big Bang" and "Black Hole" theories by reference to physics and mathematical principles. Some philosophers even dispute the existence or non-existence of God by mathematics.

Scientists use mathematics to study matters of the Universe. However, they are not aware that there can be a Non-mathematical system. This system does not behave according to the mathematics of their knowledge. It is non-calculable. Our Mind arises and exists in this system.

Neuroscientists study neurons and synaptic pathways and their studies clarify a lot about reflexes, memory, and even behaviour of various sorts. However, one


text:
United States Statutes at Large/Volume 41

 * Public Acts of the Sixty-Sixth Congress


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 At the beginning, the Universe is a simple chemical matter and it behaved in a purely physical-mathematical way. It is a vast but simple calculable system.

Then somehow some organisms appeared. These organisms have memory. However, memory alone does not make it unique because some chemicals have memory too, and the modern computer also has memory. As these organisms can react to various stimuli in a great variety of ways, the exact response is difficult to predict even with the most advanced mathematical methods or computers. Furthermore, organisms, even in simple monocellular form like amoeba, can have purposeful activities with intents of their own. They behave as individuals outside of the control of the physical-mathematical system of the Universe. As these organisms evolved, they became multicellular, formed plants and animals and developed into the human beings we are today. The ability to react to external stimuli, to undertake purposeful activities, and most importantly, to demonstrate creativity, stems from what we are all aware of: Our Mind.

The Mind is most peculiar. We know it is there, as certainly as we know there is water and earth.


text:
Page:Non-Mathematism The Origin of the Mind and Concept of God.pdf/4

 Chapter I: Origin of the Mind

It is very difficult to define Mind.

The Mind is something most abstract but on the other hand every person can feel and know its presence when we are conscious. It can exist in its primitive form in simple organisms like amoeba when we can observe its purposeful activities; or in its highly elaborated form we know of in human beings, manifested in inventions, music, paintings, literature etc, in something we call civilisation.

In its lower form, it is consciousness, feelings, memory etc. In its higher form it is communication, art appreciation, love, hatred, kindness, cruelty, innovation, and so on.

Mind has no form, weight, or substance. It appreciates past and anticipates future so it surpasses time. Mind can think beyond the universe so it surpasses space. In fact, mind is limitless.

Imagine the very beginning of the universe. Be it the "Big Bang" theory or some other events, the Universe is somehow, created.


text:
United States Statutes at Large/Volume 41/66th Congress

Public Acts

 * Nineteenth Amendment:Women's Right to Vote


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Page:Non-Mathematism The Origin of the Mind and Concept of God.pdf/3

 Introduction

There are two concepts that I wish to establish in this booklet:

1) The Mind originates and exists in a state of non-mathematism;

2) God is Megamind.

If the reader really understands these two concepts, he probably has understood all I have to say.

Such new concepts expressed in this booklet are difficult to comprehend. If most readers can understand half of what I wish to express, I shall be gratified.

I welcome readers to contact me for further discussion, or further elaboration on my basic concepts.

H.P. Chow 16 Nov 2010 Email: hpingchow@netvigator.com


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/Index


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/List of Illustrations and Sketches of Teams


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The New International Encyclopædia/Heck, Barbara

HECK, (1734-1804). One of the founders of the Methodist Church in America. She was born, of German parentage, in Ballygarry County, Limerick, Ireland, a district which early felt the influence of Wesley's preaching. She and her husband, Paul, came to America in 1760, and in 1766, with Philip Embury, organized a Methodist society in New York City. The building of the famous old John Street Methodist Church was due, in great part, to her tireless energy. During the Revolution the Hecks retired to northern New York, and finally to Canada, to be among Loyalists. They founded the earliest Methodist society in Canada.


text: Page:Non-Mathematism The Origin of the Mind and Concept of God.pdf/1


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/The Victorias of Montreal in 1881


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Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/The Arena Rink in Montreal

ARENA HOCKEY RINK, MONTREAL.

BUILT IN 1898, CAPACITY, 10,000.


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The New International Encyclopædia/Hecker, Friedrich Karl Franz

HECK'ER, (1811-81). A German revolutionist and American soldier. He was born at Eichtersheim, in Baden, September 28, 1811, and after studying law in Heidelberg became, in 1838, advocate of the Supreme Court in Mannheim. Elected, in 1842, a member of the second Chamber in Baden, he abandoned his profession for political life, and soon grew popular among the more advanced elements of the opposition. He sat and voted with the Extreme Left, and his influence helped to oust the Blittersdorf Ministry from office. In 1845, in conjunction with Itzstein, he conducted a democratic campaign in Germany, during which he was arrested at Berlin and expelled from Prussia. In 1848 he employed his eloquence in revolutionary agitation, and he and Struve became leaders of the advanced Revolutionary party. When the preliminary convention of the German nation (Das Vorparlament) met at Frankfort, Hecker endeavored, with the influence of his whole party, to constitute it into a permanent republican assembly. The frustration of this effort led him to attempt to surprise the smaller governments

of Southern Germany with the bands of artisans which had come from France. Defeated at Kandern, in Baden, April 20, 1848, he fled into the Canton of Basel, where he conducted a radical newspaper, and wrote his work, Die Volkserhebung in Baden. On being refused admission to the National Assembly at Frankfort, though twice elected to represent Thiengen, he emigrated to America, where he bought a farm at Belleville, Ill. The Baden Revolution (1849) brought him back to Europe; but finding the revolution over on his arrival, he returned to America. He was a colonel and brigadier-general in the Union Army during the Civil War. During his later years Hecker watched with interest the founding of the new German Empire, and was a stanch supporter of German interests in America. He died at Saint Louis, March 24, 1881. His Reden und Vorlesungen were published in Germany in 1872, and were followed two years later by Betrachtungen über den Kirchenstreit in Deutschland und die Infallibilität.


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/Ye gude olde days


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/Chapter I


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Heckscher, Johann Gustav Wilhelm Moritz

HECKSCHER, hĕk'shẽr, (1797-1865). A German politician, born in Hamburg. He served during the War of 1815 as a volunteer in the Hanseatic Corps, and then studied at the universities of Göttingen and Heidelberg. Upon completing his studies he settled in Hamburg, where he practiced law, and, after 1840, directed the politics of the Hamburger Nachrichten. In 1848 he was elected to the Vorparlament, in which he opposed the propositions of the Democratic Party. In the National Assembly at Frankfort (1848-49) he was at first a member of the Left Centre, but inclined more and more to identify himself with the Right. He advocated the election of Archduke John of Austria as Vicar of the Provisional Government, in which he himself was appointed Minister of Justice, and opposed the proposition to exclude Austria and erect a German empire with a Prussian King as hereditary Emperor. Later he helped to organize the Pan-German Party.


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Poinsettia

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Poinsettia


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/Chapter II


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Heck, Barbara

HECK, Barbara, one of the founders of American Methodism: b. Ballygarry, County Limerick, Ireland, 1734; d. near Augusta, Ontario, 1804. She was of a colony of German immigrants in Ireland who were among the first to be influenced by Wesley's preaching. In 1760 she came to America with her husband, Paul Heck, and Philip Embury (q.v). In 1766 she was very active in the organizing of a Methodist society which met at Embury's house, and she also did much toward the building of the Old John Street Methodist Church. Later she and her family removed to the northern part of New York State, and when the Revolution broke out went to Lower Canada (1774), and later settled in Augusta, near Prescott in Upper Canada, and were the founders of Methodism in that province.


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Page:Outlines of European History.djvu/108

76 palace fêtes and banquets at which all the nobles and officers of the court are present, to celebrate the completion of some huge royal castle; or we see the Emperor amid music and sacrifice receiving the good wishes of his lords as he returns from a successful lion hung (Fig. 45). The Assyrian palaces are now imposing buildings (Fig. 43), suggesting in architecture something of the far-reaching power of their builder. His architects appreciate the beauty of the arch, and we must number among great works of architecture the impressive arches of the palace entrance, faced with glazed brick in gorgeous colors (cut, p.86). On either side are vast human-headed bulls wrought in alabaster, and above the whole tower lofty castellated walls of baked brick, visible far across the royal city.


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/Chapter III


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/Chapter IV


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Hecker, Friedrich Karl Franz

HECKER, Friedrich Karl Franz, German-American soldier: b. Eichtersheim, Baden, 28 Sept. 1811; d. Saint Louis, Mo., 24 March 1881. After studying law in Heidelberg, he abandoned his profession for political life. In 1842 he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies of Baden. On the outbreak of the revolution in Germany in 1848 he endeavored to convert the preliminary convention into a permanent republican assembly. Frustrated in this attempt, he put himself at the head of a band of revolutionists, and invaded Baden from the south. He was defeated at Kändern 20 April 1848, and fled to Basel, Switzerland, where he edited a radical newspaper and published his work ‘Die Volkserhebung in Baden.’ He was refused admission to the National Assembly at Frankfort, although twice elected from Thiengen. In 1849 he removed to the United States, and became a farmer near Belleville, Ill. On the outbreak of the Civil War he raised a regiment of Germans, serving in General Frémont's division as colonel; and afterward for a time commanded a brigade. In his later years he watched with great interest the foundation of the German Empire and its phenomenal growth. He published ‘Reden und Vorlesungen’ (1872); ‘Betrachtungen über den Kirchenstreit in Deutschland und die Infallibilität’ (1874).


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/Chapter V


text:
Author:Arthur Farrell

Works

 * Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game (1899)
 * Ice hockey and ice polo guide (1901–1904)
 * How to play Ice Hockey (1907)

title: Author:Arthur Farrell


text:
Author:Arthur Hassall

Works

 * (History (in part))
 * (History (in part))

title: Author:Arthur Hassall


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Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/The Shamrock Hockey Club of Montreal

SHAMROCK HOCKEY TEAM—CHAMPIONS 1899.

THE SHAMROCK HOCKEY TEAM.

☘

HE history of the Shamrock Hockey Club is the briefest of any senior club in Canada. Obtaining their franchise from the old Crystals they were admitted in 1894 into the A.H.A. of Canada.

After struggling for four years against the difficulties which stand in the way of a new team that aspires to the senior championship the Shamrocks at last won the proud title and the coveted Stanley Cup.

The team which won the championship of the Dominion last winter was perhaps the most scientific combination of players that ever played the game. The names of the players of this team and their positions were as follows:—


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Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/The Victoria Hockey Club of Montreal

THE VICTORIAS OF MONTREAL. ☘

HE Victorias, with the McGill College team, are the pioneers of hockey, and to them is due much of the credit of developing the game into a science, because it was they who were instrumental in drawing up the first Code of Rules.

They held the championship of the A.H.A. of C. from 1894 to 1899, and the "Stanley" Cup for four years out of the seven during which it was offered for competition.

They have traveled more and are perhaps better known throughout Canada and the United States than any other team.


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/A Dream of the Future


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/The Montreal Hockey Club of Montreal


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/The Victoria Hockey Club of Winnipeg


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Page:Queen Moo and the Egyptian Sphinx.djvu/82

 means "mirror;" and Nen-ha, "the mirror of water," was anciently one of the names of the Mexican Gulf. This also may be a coincidence.

No one has ever told us why the learned hierogramanatists of Egypt gave to the sign the value of ma. No one can; because nobody knows the origin of the Egyptians, of their civilization, nor the country where it grew from infancy to maturity. They themselves, although they invariably pointed toward the setting sun when questioned concerning the fatherland of their ancestors, were ignorant of who they were and whence they came. Nor did they know who was the inventor of their alphabet. "The Egyptians, who, no doubt, had forgotten, or had never known the name of the inventor of their phonetic signs, at the time of Plato honored with it one of their gods of the second order, Thoth, who likewise was held as the father of all sciences and arts." It is evident that we can learn nothing from the Egyptians of the motives that prompted the inventor of their alphabetical characters to select that peculiar figure to represent the letter M, initial of their word Ma. The Mayas, we are informed, made use of the identical sign, and ascribed to it the same signification. We may perhaps find out from them the reasons that induced their learned men to choose this strange geometrical figure as part of their symbol for Ma, radical of Mayach, name of the peninsula of Yucatan. Who knows but that the same cause which prompted them to adopt it suggested it also to the mind of the Egyptian hierogrammatist? Many will, no doubt, object that this may all be pure coincidence — the two peoples lived so far apart. Very true. I do


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Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/The Quebec Hockey Club of Quebec

 CAPT. H. C. SCOTT MR. F. S. STOCKING QUEBEC HOCKEY CLUB.

THE QUEBEC HOCKEY TEAM. ☘

HE Quebec Hockey Club is one of the oldest in Canada, having been in existence for upwards of twenty years.

It was one of the clubs which formed the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada and played under the old challenge system before the present series was introduced.

The Quebec Club was the first to send a team across the border to teach the Americans' this fine Canadian game. This team played two exhibition matches in Baltimore, Md., in 1895, and the scientific play of the Canadians won unstinted praise from the spectators.

In 1896 its team was the only one to defeat the famous "Victorias," of Winnipeg, during that club’s victorious tour, thus upholding the prestige of the east.


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Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/The Ottawa, Jr. Hockey Club of Ottawa

 OTTAWA INTERMEDIATE HOCKEY CLUB, 1899. Champions of C. A. H. L.


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Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/The Ottawa Hockey Club of Ottawa

OTTAWA HOCKEY CLUB, 1897. THE OTTAWA HOCKEY CLUB. ☘

Ottawa Hockey team has always been the strongest in Ontario, and one of the best in the C. A. H. League.

the oldest club in Ontario, and was in existence in the days of the challenge system, having played in Montreal during the carnivals.


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Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/The Queen's College Hockey Club of Kingston

QUEEN'S COLLEGE, KINGSTON, 1899. THE QUEENS COLLEGE HOCKEY TEAM, KINGSTON. ☘

AS organized in 1887, and was one of the prime movers in the formation of the Ontario Union. The Kingston players are Inter-collegiate Champions of America and winners of the O. H. A. Senior Championship. Their Record in the O. H. A. is better than that of any other team in the league. Since 1891 they have been first four times, and in the finals, seven. They have twice played for the Stanley Cup—in 1895, against the Montrealers; and in 1899, against the Shamrocks.


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Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/The Wanderers Hockey Club of Halifax

 THE WANDERERS OF HALIFAX ☘

ERE organized into a club in 1882. They have twice won the handsome trophy donated by the Starr Mfg. Co., of Dartmouth, N. S., representing the championship of Halifax. Last year they won the championship of the Maritime Provinces.

Their rivals in the east are the Crescents, of Halifax, whose scientific play deserves special mention.

These two teams would do much to further spread the popularity of hockey by competing away from home with the western sevens.


text: Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game/The Toronto Varsity Hockey Club of Toronto


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Usage
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title: Template:USStatCols start/doc


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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 22.djvu/1065

 Page. Agencies, appropriation for contingent expenses of pension ........................... 175, 43'2 for employes at Indian ................. for salaries of agents at Indian ......... 69, 433 for contingencies of .................. 434' Agents, appropriation for salaries of Indian ...... 0, 433 for pension ........................... 175, 431 tbr salaries oC, at seal fisheries ......... 314,612 deficiency for ........................ for payment to, for collection, etc., of bounty, prize money cc., to colored soldiers and sailors ................. 393 for ptal ............................. , for distbution of postal notes, etc.; com- pensation; boud ................... 597 ljastiu claims to swamp lands, appro- printion for ........................ gnel, Hyacinthe brt, payment to hei and legal reprentatives of ................................. Jgoaltaral Collies, act donating public lands for, amended.. - 484 loan of endowment fund ot of Sta of Iowa, authorized ................... 50 Hgrultare, ppropriation for repo on, for I-' .... for 1, proviso ........................ pnting and dbution of repo on, of Tenth Censns ...................... Alture, Drtt o sppprtions for the .................... , for purcha and distribution of e.., 410 for repaim of oun, ere .............. mmov of simn otc., f i- lion, At  ........... 3 sap Harbor, appropriation for impvement of ......... Ai, D. paymen to ............................. 3, Akin, Jamo mtion of pension to .................. 7 n, ,, paymen to astfix of .............. Alma, mus establh ............. 14,, public lands in Sta of, exempt kom operation of minel-ld laws ...... a Ci, blhnt of e Co of z miione of ....................... appropfiaon for paeng of juden for lama er, appmpation for improving of. ........ A labt and 8r duty on .................................. 511 appropriation for ta, etc., of agents at al hedes ................. 314, 6t2 deficy, for .......................... for protection of al fisheri, in ......... 612 t-utes established in ................ ppmpdation, etc., for pubHa bd- ings at ............................. Jlny, V. Y., appropriation for public building aS ..... , ter of di nr for noh tct of, etc., ag .................... duty on, unmauufu ................. mljudicatioa of claims of capto of he,... Albamn, exempt from duty ................, ....... Hlcohot, duty on preparaio of .................. 494 Page. Alcorn, Henry, payment to .............................. 790 Ale, duty on .................................. 503 Alexander, Charles F., payment to .............................. 660 Alexander, Isaac, payment to .............................. 673 Alexander, James, payment to .............................. 673 Alexander, James and Samuel R., Ee#ors of James B., deceased, payment to .............................. 673 Alexan&r, Ky., payment to .............................. 673 Alexander, aws, payment to ............................. 779 lexander, M. H., paymen to .............................. 724 Alexands, S. payment to .............................. ' 673 A lizarine, natural or aificial, exempt from duty .... 516 Alk, Tkomas, pension anted to ....................... 7 Allegheny River, appropriatb n for improvement of he .... 198 A!l, Bjamin, debased, payment to Williamson Allen, admiuistra- . tot of ........................... Alien, gliah A., administralrix of m. [ 673. paymenS to .............................. Allen, Eugene B., payment o .............................. Al!, Hekia, das, payment to widow of .................... 779 Alle% Jas ., payment .........  .................... 660 Atto, Jon M., payment to ............................. Ali, Marrzt paymen to ................ : ............. Allen,. B, paymen to .............................. 674 Al, Will payment to .............................. 674 Alien, llm, sun 9 admintrator of Ben- janin, d, pamen to .............................. . n, William A., paymen to .............................. l, arz 751, D.C., eling of, authz .................... uare 1, D. G., elg of, sathorned .. 4 t chang ............................ Allison, Kimbro, deoas, payment to execur of ................... 674 llis, J., payment to .............................. 7 Allman, Gge T., deastd, paen$ to execu of .................. llmond,. Z, adistrat, payment to .............................. apppation for, to widows and hei of consular and diplomatic oce .... 1, duty on .................................. payment to .............................. 791 Almaha Rtr, appprlation for pmvement of J ........ Allmann, Marzel, homeste entry by, authoz .......... dut on ................................. 4


text:
Portal:Ice hockey

Non-Fiction

 * Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game, 1899 by Arthur Farrell
 * Boyle Tells How Klondikers Lost, 1905 by Joseph W. Boyle
 * Cup for Amateurs, 1909
 * World's Hockey Series Cancelled, 1919
 * City Council Urges Champions' Day, 1936 by Eugene Van Antwerp

Fiction

 * The Crimson Sweater, 1906 by Ralph Henry Barbour
 * Tom, Dick and Harriet, 1907 by Ralph Henry Barbour
 * The Crashaw Brothers, 1910 by Arthur Stanwood Pier
 * Dave Porter and His Rivals, 1911 by Edward Stratemeyer
 * The Boys of Columbia High on the Ice, 1911 by Graham B. Forbes

Poetry

 * Roller-Skating, 1913 by Melville Chater

title: Portal:Ice hockey