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 52 historic times is especially needed, as the process of shifting folklore from one language to another often affords valuable hints as to its true nature. Areas of ascertained and definitely dated admixture of population deserve especial attention. In this respect the country lying between Humber and Clyde, or the West-Midland district will probably repay the inquirer's labour best.

Such, all too briefly sketched, are the principles which should govern the inquiry, the lines along which it should move. This Society has already initiated such an inquiry by its scheme of collecting, in County Folk-Lore, the scattered references to the subject in printed sources, grouped according to areas which are so largely determined by racial and sociological factors as are our counties. As a rule these references are taken from sources, county histories, the elder antiquaries and the like, compiled before those vast industrial and economic changes which within the last hundred years have utterly transformed so many districts, have rooted up and carried away, as might a devastating torrent, vast masses of belief and custom and fancy which had come down substantially unaltered from a very early period. If the series were complete, instead of comprising, as it does, only three counties, it would be easy to verify many of the suggestions I have thrown out this evening. I am not without hopes that I may be able to work out during the ensuing year some special section of the general problem which I have stated this evening. In any case, I trust that students who are engaged in studying the question of racial elements in British folklore may find my survey not unhelpful.


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 REVIEWS.

descriptive title which I have transcribed in full indicates at once the importance of this great work to all engaged in our studies. The archæologist will find here by far the most complete and most accurate account of the rude stone monuments of Ireland, and not alone of Ireland, but of Britain, and of Northern, Central, and Western Europe. The folklorist will find far more: the legends which have gathered around these monuments, the rites and practices connected with them, are carefully noted. As far as Ireland is concerned, this information has not only been laboriously excerpted from extant literature, it is also derived in a large measure from the author's persevering researches among the enormous mass of material accumulated by O'Donovan and his fellow-workers on the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, still lying in MS. at Dublin, as well as from minute and lengthened personal exploration of the chief monuments and the districts in which they are situated. As far as the Continent is concerned, Mr. Borlase has not only examined much himself, but he opens up sources of information, e.g. Spanish local archaeological research, and German antiquarian literature of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, of which even wellinformed students in this country have been completely ignorant. Thus, viewed as a simple collection of facts, and as a guide to a vast, scattered, and, save for the habitué of the British Museum or corresponding continental libraries, inaccessible literature, this work is, and must always remain, one of first-rate importance.

Regarding the work in this aspect, and solely from the

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 54 standpoint, one salient result stands forth with the utmost distinction—the substantial identity of the folklore of rude stone monuments throughout Central and Western Europe. The self-same stories are told, the self-same practices obtain in Ireland and in Spain, in Southern France and in Northern Germany. Now this identity can, in my opinion, only be explained by reference to an identical folk-psychology throughout the district. All classes at one time shared the same beliefs respecting man's relation to his fellow-men and the outside world of nature, shared, too, the practices in which these beliefs found expression. Throughout Europe the cultivated classes, under the influence of Christianity and of antique civilisation, have almost wholly abandoned the practices, and only retain the beliefs and superstition; to the peasant classes, on the other hand, the beliefs are still, largely, a potent reality, the practices are still, largely, a necessary factor m the perpetual combat which man has to wage with his fellows and with the hostile or indifferent forces of nature. The psychological root of the creed is identical, hence the story and the rite in which that creed is embodied are identical. And if kinship of aetiological myth among different peoples be held to imply necessary borrowing on one side or the other, so too the kinship of rite or custom should, logically, convey the same implication. Let the reader of the work under review carefully remark the amazing similarity of the ideas which cling around dolmen and menhir in three such far separated districts as Connaught, the Western Pyrenees, and North Central Germany, and say if the borrowing theory, the validity of which would be triumphantly proclaimed in the case of equal similarity of stories, can possibly be held a sufficient cause?

Before passing from what may be called the evidential value of Mr. Borlase's work, a word must be said concerning the illustrations. These are largely, both sketches and plans, due to the author himself, and where this is not the case are the work of the best Irish antiquaries, or are facsimilied from earlier drawings, many of the utmost rarity. No such mass of figured representation of these monuments has ever been brought together in one work, and in this respect the author's labours may be taken as final, to be supplemented slightly, if at all, by later investigators.

I do not propose to discuss Mr. Borlase's views respecting the nature, origin, date, and lines of distribution of these monuments


text:
The Works of Dionysius the Areopagite/Letters/Preface

THESE Letters attest the existence of the writings, and the wisdom spoken among the perfect, in the Apostolic Age.—To Gaius, who is commemorated by St. John and St. Paul, we owe the explanation of Agnosia, and valued teaching on the Personality of our Lord; to Dorotheus we are indebted for a fuller explanation of the Divine Gloom; to Sosipater, twice mentioned in the Acts and Romans, we owe the wisest letter ever penned for the instruction of the Christian Apologist and Missionary. The Letter to Polycarp touches on those mysterious signs in the heavens, by which Almighty God shewed His universal power. Dionysius shews his reverence for God’s holy word, by never seeking to explain away, or to substitute what seems a less miracle for a greater. The trifold Mithra commemorated amongst the Babylonians shews that Hezekiah’s sign was not merely visible and observed in Judea. The King, as High Priest of his people, was already robed for evening prayer, when he observed the sun gone back; and one day became almost three, i.e. thirty-two hours instead of thirty-six. Dionysius describes the darkness at the time of the Crucifixion, as it appeared in Egypt, and is recorded by Phlegon. We do not explain and interpret the facts recorded in the Gospel, by denying them, or by treating the same testimony outside the Gospel as superstitious.

To Demophilus, we owe a knowledge of Church-law and order, which teaches the Christian duty of being “sent,” and which should teach clergy to obey their Bishop, and not merely the Act of uniformity. To Titus, we owe the preservation of the sum of the Symbolic Theology. From the letter to St. John in Patmos, we learn the love between St. John arid Dionysius, and that St. John was then Called the “Sun of the Gospel.” From the letter to Apollophanes, we know that the prayers of Dionysius for the conversion of his friend did not fall to the ground. Apollophanes was tutor to Polemon, who again was tutor to Aristides, who presented his “Apology” to the Emperor Hadrian. The conversion of Statonice, the wife of Apollophanes, was the cause of St. Paul’s being cast into chains at Philippi, where the messengers from Corinth found him, through whom he sent the Epistle recently brought to light. CANNES, Circumcision, 1897.


text:
Author:Alexander Keith Johnston (1804-1871)

Works

 * Gazetteer of the world


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hall, Jacob


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hall, James (d.1612)


text:
Sinhala Only Act

Section 1 Short title
1. This Act may be cited as the Official Language Act, No. 33 of 1956.

Section 2 Sinhala language to be the one official language
2. The Sinhala language shall be the one official language of Ceylon: Provided that where the Minister considers it impracticable to commence the use of only the Sinhala language for any official purpose immediately on the coming into force of this Act, the language or languages hitherto used for that purpose may be continued to be so used unit 1 the necessary change is effected as early as possible before the expiry of the 31st day of December, 1960, and, if such change cannot be effected by administrative order, regulations may be made under this Act to effect such change.

Section 3 Regulations
3.
 * (1) The Minister may make regulations in respect of all matters for which regulations are authorized by this Act to be made and generally for the purpose of giving effect to the principles and provisions of this Act.
 * (2) No regulation made under subsection (1) shall have effect until it is approved by the Senate and the House of Representatives and notification of such approval is published in the Gazette.

title: Sinhala Only Act


text:
Author:Maximilian August Mügge

Works

 * Friedrich Nietzsche, His Life and Work (1908)
 * Heinrich von Treitschke (1915)
 * Serbian Folk Songs (1916)
 * The War Diary of a Square Peg (1920)

Works as translator

 * Asanaginica by anonymous (1640s)
 * Early Greek Philosophy and Other Essays by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1911)

title: Author:Maximilian August Mügge


text: Folk-Lore/Volume 9/The Discrimination of Racial Elements in the Folklore of the British Isles


text:
The Works of Dionysius the Areopagite/Letters/Letter I

To Gaius Therapeutes. DARKNESS becomes invisible by light, and specially by much light. Varied knowledge (αἰ γνώσεις), and especially much varied knowledge, makes the Agnosia to vanish. Take this in a superlative, but not in a defective sense, and reply with superlative truth, that the Agnosia, respecting God, escapes those who possess existing light, and knowledge of things being; and His pre-eminent darkness is both concealed by every light, and is hidden from every knowledge. And, if any one, having seen God, understood what he saw, he did not see Him, but some of His creatures that are existing and known. But He Himself, highly established above mind, and above essence, by the very fact of His being wholly unknown, and not being, both is super-essentially, and is known above mind. And the all-perfect Agnosia, in its superior sense, is a knowledge of Him, Who is above all known things.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hall, Henry (d.1713)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hall, Henry (1655?-1707)


text:
The Works of Dionysius the Areopagite/Letters/Letter II

To the same Gaius Thereapeutes

How is He, Who is beyond all, both above source of Divinity and above source of Good? Provided you understand Deity and Goodness, as the very Actuality of the Good-making and God-making gift, and the inimitable imitation of the super-divine and super-good (gift), by aid of which we are deified and made good. For, moreover, if this becomes source of the deification and making good of those who are being deified and made good, He,—Who is super-source of every source, even of the so-called Deity and Goodness, seeing He is beyond source of Divinity and source of Goodness, in so far as He is inimitable, and not to be retained—excels the imitations and retentions, and the things which are imitated and those participating.


text:
The Works of Dionysius the Areopagite/Letters/Letter III

To the same Gaius.

“Sudden” is that which, contrary to expectation, and out of the, as yet, unmanifest, is brought into the manifest. But with regard to Christ’s love of man, I think that the Word of God suggests even this, that the Superessential proceeded forth out of the hidden, into the manifestation amongst us, by having taken substance as man. But, He is hidden, even after the manifestation, or to speak more divinely, even in the manifestation, for in truth this of Jesus has been kept hidden, and the mystery with respect to Him has been reached by no word nor mind, but even when spoken, remains unsaid, and when conceived unknown.


text: Folk-Lore/Volume 9/Christ's Half-Dole

title: Folk-Lore/Volume 9/Christ's Half-Dole


text:
The Works of Dionysius the Areopagite/Letters/Letter IV

To the same Gaius Therapeutes.

How, you ask, is Jesus, Who is beyond all, ranked essentially with all men? For, not as Author of men is He here called man, but as being in absolute whole essence truly man. But we do not define the Lord Jesus, humanly, for He is not man only, (neither superessential nor man only), but truly man, He Who is pre-eminently a lover of man, the Super-essential, taking substance, above men and after men, from the substance of men. And it is nothing less, the ever Superessential, super-full of super-essentiality, disregards the excess of this, and having come truly into substance, took substance above substance, and above man works things of man. And a virgin supernaturally conceiving, and unstable water, holding up weight of material and earthly feet, and not giving way, but, by a supernatural power standing together so as not to be divided, demonstrate this. Why should any one go through the rest, which are very many? Through which, he who looks with a divine vision, will know beyond mind, even the things affirmed respecting the love towards man, of (the Lord) Jesus,—things which possess a force of superlative negation. For, even, to speak summarily, He was not man, not as not being man, but as being from men was beyond men, and was above man, having truly been born man, and for the rest, not having done things Divine as God, not things human as man, but exercising for us a certain new God-incarnate energy of God having become man.


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Johnston, Alexander


text:
Page:Narrative of an Official Visit to Guatemala.djvu/20

vi difficulty in asserting, much original, and I trust useful, information. Of all the Colonies of Old Spain, no one, I repeat, is so little known as that of Central America. Placed in the isthmus which divides the two continents, its situation is most favourable to commerce. It was formerly a captain-generalship, not subject to, as it has been erroneously believed, but always independent of the Viceroyalty of Mexico; and, having established its independence as a free state, which has been acknowledged by that Republic, it has hitherto maintained its integrity out of its own resources—the capital amount of the pecuniary assistance which it has derived from foreign countries not being more than one year's income of the Government.

The Map which faces the Title-page is intended to exhibit the Five States of the Federation, with their respective Districts, conformably to the recent divisions established by the Congress.


text: Narrative of an Official Visit to Guatemala from Mexico


text: Narrative of an Official Visit to Guatemala from Mexico/Introductory Observations


text: Index:Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania Report of Progress PPP.djvu


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text: Author:Oscar Wilkes Collet

title: Author:Oscar Wilkes Collet


text:
Page:Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania Report of Progress PPP.djvu/6

 {| align="center" width="700px" N.—Levels. O, O².—Catalogue of Specimens.
 * colspan="3" align="center" | Geological Reports of Pennsylvania, 1874—1884.
 * colspan="3" | Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania Report of Progress PPP map.jpg
 * width="25%" |
 * P.—Coal Flora.
 * width="25%" |
 * P.—Coal Flora.
 * P.—Coal Flora.
 * B, B², M, M², M³.—Chemical Analyses.
 * }


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The Works of Dionysius the Areopagite/Letters/Letter V

To Dorotheus, Leitourgos.

The Divine gloom is the unapproachable light in which God is said to dwell. And in this gloom, invisible indeed, on account of the surpassing brightness, and unapproachable on account of the excess of the superessential stream of light, enters every one deemed worthy to know and to see God, by the very fact of neither seeing nor knowing, really entering in Him, Who is above vision and knowledge, knowing this very thing, that He is after all the object of sensible and intelligent perception, and saying in the words of the Prophet, “Thy knowledge was regarded as wonderful by me; It was confirmed; I can by no means attain unto it;" even as the Divine Paul is said to have known Almighty God, by having known Him as being above all conception and knowledge. Wherefore also, he says, “His ways are past finding out and His Judgemnets inscrutable," and His gifts "indescribable," and that His peace surpasses every mind, as having found Him Who is above all, and having known this which is above conception, that, by being Cause of all, He is beyond all.


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text:
The Works of Dionysius the Areopagite/Letters/Letter VI

To Sopatros --Priest.

Do not imagine this a victory, holy Sopatros, to have denounced a devotion, or an opinion, which apparently is not good. For neither--even if you should have convicted it accurately--are the (teachings) of Sopatros consequently good. For it is possible, both that you and others, whilst occupied in many things that are false and apparent, should overlook the true, which is One and hidden. For neither, if anything is not red, is it therefore white, nor if something is not a horse, is it necessarily a man. But thus will you do, if you follow my advice, you will cease indeed to speak against others, but will so speak on behalf of truth, that every things said is altogether unquestionable.


text:
Author:Alexander Johnston (1849-1889)

Contributions to EB9

 * (I. History and Constitution)

Contributions to EB1911

 * (History to 1865 - in part)

title: Author:Alexander Johnston (1849-1889)


text: Author:Jules Clavé

title: Author:Jules Clavé


text: Author:James Brown Craighead

title: Author:James Brown Craighead


text:
Page:Amazing Stories Volume 01 Number 01.djvu/11

Rh he paced the room with all the frenzy of poetic inspiration, read out:

"Well, to be sure, he is at his everlasting verses again!" said Ben Zoof to himself, as he roused himself in his corner. "Impossible to sleep in such a noise;" and he gave vent to a loud groan.

"How now, Ben Zoof?" said the captain sharply. "What ails you?"

"Nothing, sir, only the nightmare."

"Curse the fellow, he has quite interrupted me!" ejaculated the captain. "Ben Zoof!" he called aloud.

"Here, sir!" was the prompt reply; and in an instant the orderly was upon his feet, standing in a military attitude, one hand to his forehead, the other closely pressed to his trouser-seam.

"Stay where you are! don't move an inch!" shouted Servadac; "I have just thought of the end of my rondo."

And in a voice of inspiration, accompanying his words with dramatic gestures, Servadac began to declaim:

No closing lines were uttered. All at once, with unutterable violence, the captain and his orderly were dashed, face downwards, to the ground.

came it that at that very moment the horizon underwent so strange and sudden a modification, that the eye of the most praticed mariner could not distinguish between sea and sky?

Whence came it that the billows raged and rose to a height hitherto unregistered in the records of science?

Whence came it that the elements united in one deafening crash; that the earth groaned as though the whole framework of the globe were ruptured; that the waters roared from their innermost depths; that the air shrieked with all the fury of a cyclone?

Whence came it that a radiance, intenser than the effulgence of the Northern Lights, overspread the firmament, and momentarily dimmed the splendor of the brightest stars?

Whence came it that the Mediterranean, one instant emptied of its waters, was the next flooded with a foaming surge?

Whence came it that in the space of a few seconds the moon's disc reached a magnitude as though it were but a tenth part of its ordinary distance from the earth?

Whence came it that a new blazing spheroid, hitherto unknown to astronomy, now appeared suddenly in the firmament, though it were but to lose itself immediately behind masses of accumulated cloud?

What phenomenon was this that had produced a cataclysm so tremendous in effect upon earth, sky, and sea?

Was it possible that a single human being could have survived the convulsion? and if so, could he explain its mystery?

as the commotion had been, that portion of the Algerian coast which is bounded on the north by the Mediterranean, and on the west by the right bank of the Shelif, appeared to have suffered little change. It is true that indentations were perceptible in the fertile plain, and the surface of the sea was ruffled with an agitation that was quite unusual; but the rugged outline of the cliff was the same as heretofore, and the aspect of the entire scene appeared unaltered. The stone hostelry, with the exception of some deep clefts in its walls, had sustained little injury; but the gourbi, like a house of cards destroyed by an infant's breath, had completely subsided, and its two inmates lay motionless, buried under the sunken thatch.

It was two hours after the catastrophe that Captain Servadac regained consciousness; he had some trouble to collect his thoughts, and the first sounds that escaped his lips were the concluding words of the rondo which had been so ruthlessly interrupted;

His next thought was to wonder what had happened; and in order to find an answer, he pushed aside the broken thatch, so that his head appeared above the débris. "The gourbi leveled to the ground!" he exclaimed, "surely a waterspout has passed along the coast."

He felt all over his body to perceive what injuries he had sustained, but not a sprain nor a scratch could he discover. "Where are you, Ben Zoof?" he shouted.

"Here, sir!" and with military promptitude a second head protruded from the rubbish.

"Have you any notion what has happened, Ben Zoof?"

"I've a notion, captain, that it's all up with us."

"Nonsense, Ben Zoof; it is nothing but a waterspout!"

"Very good, sir;" was the philosophical reply, immediately followed by the query, "Any bones broken, sir?"

"None whatever," said the captain.

Both men were soon on their feet, and began to make a vigorous clearance of the ruins, beneath which they found that their arms, cooking utensils, and other property, had sustained little injury. "By-the-by, what o'clock is it?" asked the captain.

"It must be eight o'clock, at least," said Ben Zoof, looking at the sun, which was a considerable height above the horizon. "It is almost time for us to start."

"To start! what for?"

"To keep your appointment with Count Timascheff."

"By Jove! I had forgotten all about it!" exclaimed Servadac. Then looking at his watch, he cried, "What are you thinking of, Ben Zoof? It is scarcely two o'clock.

"Two in the morning, or two in the afternoon?" asked Ben Zoof, again regarding the sun.

Servadac raised his watch to his ear. "It is going," said he; "but, by all the wines of Médoc,


text: Author:Frank Philip Crandon

title: Author:Frank Philip Crandon


text: Author:Thomas Davison Crothers

title: Author:Thomas Davison Crothers


text: Author:H. H. Curtis

title: Author:H. H. Curtis


text:
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10 I am puzzled. Don't you see the sun is in the west? It must be near setting."

"Setting, captain! Why, it is rising finely, like a conscript at the sound of the reveille. It is considerably higher since we have been talking."

Incredible as it might appear, the fact was undeniable that the sun was rising over the Shelif from that quarter of the horizon behind which it usually sank for the latter portion of its daily round. They were utterly bewildered. Some mysterious phenomenon must not only have altered the position of the sun in the sidereal system, but must even have brought about an important modification of the earth's rotation on her axis.

Captain Servadac consoled himself with the prospect of reading an explanation of the mystery in next week's newspapers, and turned his attention to what was to him of more immediate importance. "Come, let us be off," said he to his orderly; "though heaven and earth be topsy-turvy, I must be at my post this morning."

"To do Count Timascheff the honor of running him through the body," added Ben Zoof.

If Servadac and his orderly had been less preoccupied, they would have noticed that a variety of other physical changes besides the apparent alteration in the movement of the sun had been evolved during the atmospheric disturbances of that New Year's night. As they descended the steep footpath leading from the cliff towards the Shelif, they were conscious that their respiration became forced and rapid, like that of a mountaineer when he has reached an altitude where the air has become less charged with oxygen. They were also conscious that their voices were thin and feeble; either they must themselves have become rather deaf or it was evident that the air had become less capable of transmitting sound.

The weather, which on the previous evening had been very foggy, had entirely changed. The sky had assumed a singular tint, and was soon covered with lowering clouds that completely hid the sun. There were, indeed, all the signs of a coming storm, but the vapor, on account of the insufficient condensation, failed to fall.

The sea appeared quite deserted, a most unusual circumstance along this coast, and not a sail nor a trail of smoke broke the gray monotony of water and sky. The limits of the horizon, too, had become much circumscribed. On land, as well as on sea, the remote distance had completely disappeared, and it seemed as though the globe had assumed a more decided convexity.

At the pace at which they were walking, it was very evident that the captain and his attendant would not take long to accomplish the three miles that lay between the gourbi and the place of rendezvous. They did not exchange a word, but each was conscious of an unusual buoyancy, which appeared to lift up their bodies and give as it were, wings to their feet. If Ben Zoof had expressed his sensations in words, he would have said that he felt "up to anything," and he had even forgotten to taste so much as a crust of bread, a lapse of memory of which the worthy soldier was rarely guilty.

As these thoughts were crossing his mind, a harsh bark was heard to the left of the footpath, and a jackal was seen emerging from a large grove of lentisks. Regarding the two wayfarers with manifest uneasiness, the beast took up its position at the foot of a rock, more than thirty feet in height. It belonged to an African species distinguished by a black spotted skin, and a black line down the front of the legs. At night-time when they scour the country in herds, the creatures are somewhat formidable, but singly they are no more dangerous than a dog. Though by no means afraid of them, Ben Zoof had a particular aversion to jackals, perhaps because they had no place among the fauna of his beloved Montmartre. He accordingly began to make threatening gestures, when, to the unmitigated astonishment of himself and the captain, the animal darted forward, and in one single bound gained the summit of the rock.

"Good Heavens!" cried Ben Zoof, "that leap must have been thirty feet at least."

"True enough," replied the captain; "I never saw such a jump."

Meantime the jackal had seated itself upon its haunches, and was staring at the two men with an air of impudent defiance. This was too much for Ben Zoof's forbearance, and stooping down he caught up a huge stone, when to his surprise, he found that it was no heavier than a piece of petrified sponge. "Confound the brute!" he exclaimed, "I might as well throw a piece of bread at him. What accounts for its being as light as this?"

Nothing daunted, however, he hurled the stone into the air. It missed its aim; but the jackal, deeming it on the whole prudent to decamp, disappeared across the trees and hedges with a series of bounds, which could only be likened to those that might be made by an india-rubber kangaroo. Ben Zoof was sure that his own powers of propelling must equal those of a howitzer, for his stone, after a lengthened flight through the air, fell to the ground full five hundred paces the other side of the rock.

The orderly was now some yards ahead of his master, and had reached a ditch full of water, and about ten feet wide. With the intention of clearing it, he made a spring, when a loud cry burst from Servadac. "Ben Zoof, you idiot! What are you about? You will break your back!"

And well might he be alarmed, for Ben Zoof had sprung to a height of forty feet into the air. Fearful of the consequences that would attend the descent of his servant to terra firma, Servadac bounded forwards, to be on the other side of the ditch in time to break his fall. But the muscular effort that he made carried him in his turn to an altitude of thirty feet; in his ascent he passed Ben Zoof, who had already commenced his downward course; and then, obedient to the laws of gravitation, he descended with increasing rapidity, and alighted upon the earth without experiencing a shock greater than if he had merely made a bound of four or five feet high.

Ben Zoof burst into a roar of laughter. "Bravo!" he said, "we should make a good pair of clowns."

But the captain was inclined to take a more serious view of the matter. For a few seconds he stood lost in thought, then said solemnly, "Ben Zoof, I must be dreaming. Pinch me hard; I must be either asleep or mad."

"It is very certain that something has happened to us," said Ben Zoof. "I have occasionally dreamed


text: Page:Narrative of an Official Visit to Guatemala.djvu/7


text: Author:John Wesley Dafoe

title: Author:John Wesley Dafoe


text: Author:Eugene Goblet D'Alviella

title: Author:Eugene Goblet D'Alviella


text: Author:Dominick Daniel Daly

title: Author:Dominick Daniel Daly


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Page


text: Author:Guyot Daubés

title: Author:Guyot Daubés


text: Author:Harriette Brooke Davies

title: Author:Harriette Brooke Davies


text: Author:Joseph Dawson

title: Author:Joseph Dawson


text: Author:Harry Austin Doty

title: Author:Harry Austin Doty


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viii


text:
Author:Eugen Dreher

Articles in Popular Science Monthly

 * 1.

title: Author:Eugen Dreher


text: Author:Plimmon Henry Dudley

title: Author:Plimmon Henry Dudley


text:
Update Recommendation to Release or Transfer to the Control of Another Country (TR) for Guantanamo Detainee ISN US9AF-000826DP (S)

13 May 2005

 * }
 * }

MEMORANDUM FOR Commander, United States Southern Command, 3511 NW 91st Avenue, Miami, FL 33172.

SUBJECT: Update Recommendation or Transfer to the Control of Another Country to Release (TR) for Guantanamo Detainee, ISN:US9AF-000826DP (S)


text: Author:Hugh Percy Dunn

title: Author:Hugh Percy Dunn


text:
Author:Fernand Edmond Jean Marie Khnopff

Works

 * (Modern Belgian)
 * (Modern Belgian)


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Rh


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Rh


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NOTHER fiction magazine!

At first thought it does seem impossible that there could be room for another fiction magazine in this country. The reader may well wonder, "Aren't there enough already, with the several hundreds now being published?" True. But this is not "another fiction magazine," is a new kind of fiction magazine! It is entirely new—entirely different—something that has never been done before in this country. Therefore, deserves your attention and interest.

There is the usual fiction magazine, the love story and the sex-appeal type of magazine, the adventure type, and so on, but a magazine of "Scientifiction" is a pioneer in its field in America.

By "scientifiction" I mean the Jules Verne, H. G. Wells, and Edgar Allan Poe type of story—a charming romance intermingled with scientific fact and prophetic vision. For many years stories of this nature were published in the sister magazines of —"" and "."

But with the ever increasing demands on us for this sort of story, and more of it, there was only one thing to do—publish a magazine in which the scientific fiction type of story will hold forth exclusively. Toward that end we have laid elaborate plans, sparing neither time nor money.

Edgar Allan Poe may well be called the father of "scientifiction." It was he who really originated the romance, cleverly weaving into and around the story, a scientific thread. Jules Verne, with his amazing romances, also cleverly interwoven with a scientific thread, came next. A little later came H. G. Wells, whose scientifiction stories, like those of his forerunners, have become famous and immortal.

It must be remembered that we live in an entirely new world. Two hundred years ago, stories of this kind were not possible. Science, through its various branches of mechanics, electricity, astronomy, etc., enters so intimately into all our lives today, and we are so much immersed in this science, that we have become rather prone to take new inventions and discoveries for granted. Our entire mode of living has changed with the present progress, and it is little wonder, therefore, that many fantastic situations—impossible 100 years ago—are brought about today. It is in these situations that the new romancers find their great inspiration.

Not only do these amazing tales make tremendously interesting reading—they are also always instructive. They supply knowledge that we might not otherwise obtain—and they supply it in a very palatable form. For the best of these modern writers of scientifiction have the knack of imparting knowledge, and even inspiration, without once making us aware that we are being taught.

And not only that! Poe, Verne, Wells, Bellamy, and many others have proved themselves real prophets. Prophesies made in many of their most amazing stories are being realized—and have been realized. Take the fantastic submarine of Jules Verne's most famous story, "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" for instance. He predicted the present day submarine almost down to the last bolt! New inventions pictured for us in the scientifiction of today are not at all impossible of realization tomorrow. Many great science stories destined to be of an historical interest are still to be written, and magazine will be the medium through which such stories will come to you. Posterity will point to them as having blazed a new trail, not only in literature and fiction, but in progress as well.

We who are publishing realize the great responsibility of this undertaking, and will spare no energy in presenting to you, each month, the very best of this sort of literature there is to offer.

Exclusive arrangements have already been made with the copyright holders of the entire voluminous works of ALL of Jules Verne's immortal stories. Many of these stories are not known to the general American public yet. For the first time they will be within easy reach of every reader through. A number of German, French and English stories of this kind by the best writers in their respective countries, have already been contracted for and we hope very shortly to be able to enlarge the magazine and in that way present always more material to our readers.

How good this magazine will be in the future is up to you. Read —get your friends to read it and then write us what you think of it. We will welcome constructive criticism—for only in this way will we know how to satisfy you.


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Rh that I was a swallow flying over the Montmartre, but I never experienced anything of this kind before; it must be peculiar to the coast of Algeria."

Servadac was stupefied; he felt instinctively that he was not dreaming, and yet was powerless to solve the mystery. He was not, however, the man to puzzle himself for long over any insoluble problem. "Come what may," he presently exclaimed, "we will make up our minds for the future to be surprised at nothing."

"Right, captain," replied Ben Zoof; "and, first of all, let us settle our little score with Count Timascheff."

Beyond the ditch lay a small piece of meadow land, about an acre in extent. A soft and delicious herbage carpeted the soil, whilst trees formed a charming framework to the whole. No spot could have been chosen more suitable for the meeting between the two adversaries.

Servadac cast a hasty glance round. No one was in sight. "We are the first on the field," he said.

"Not so sure of that, sir," said Ben Zoof.

"What do you mean?" asked Servadac, looking at his watch, which he had set as nearly as possible by the sun before leaving the gourbi; "it is not nine o'locko'clock [sic] yet."

"Look up there, sir. I am much mistaken if that is not the sun;" and as Ben Zoof spoke, he pointed directly overhead to where a faint white disc was dimly visible through the haze of clouds.

"Nonsense!" exclaimed Servadac. "How can the sun be in the zenith, in the month of January, in lat. 39° N.?"

"Can't say, sir. I only know the sun is there; and at the rate he has been traveling, I would lay my cap to a dish of couscous that in less than three hours he will have set."

Hector Servadac mute and motionless, stood with folded arms. Presently he roused himself, and began to look about again. "What means all this?" he murmured. "Laws of gravity disturbed! Points of the compass reversed! The length of day reduced one half! Surely this will indefinitely postpone my meeting with the count. Something has happened; Ben Zoof and I cannot both be mad!"

The orderly, meantime, surveyed his master with the greatest equanimity; no phenomenon, however extraordinary, would have drawn from him a single exclamation of surprise. "Do you see anyone, Ben Zoof?" asked the captain, at last.

"No one, sir; the count has evidently been and gone."

"But supposing that to be the case," persisted the captain, "my seconds would have waited, and not seeing me, would have come on towards the gourbi. I can only conclude that they have been unable to get here; and as for Count Timascheff—"

Without finishing his sentence, Captain Servadac, thinking it just probable that the count, as on the previous evening, might come by water, walked to the ridge of rock that overhung the shore, in order to ascertain if the Dobryna were anywhere in sight. But the sea was deserted, and for the first time the captain noticed that, although the wind was calm, the waters were unusually agitated, and seethed and foamed as though they were boiling. It was very certain that the yacht would have found a difficulty in holding her own in such a swell. Another thing that now struck Servadac was the extraordinary contraction of the horizon. Under ordinary circumstances, his elevated position would have allowed him a radius of vision at least five and twenty miles in length; but the terrestrial sphere seemed, in the course of the last few hours, to have become considerably reduced in volume, and he could now see for a distance of only six miles in every direction.

Meantime, with, the agility of a monkey, Ben Zoof had clambered to the top of a eucalyptus, and from his lofty perch was surveying the country to the south, as well as towards both Tenes and Mostaganem. On descending, he informed the captain that the plain was deserted.

"We will make our way to the river, and get over into Mostaganem," said the captain.

The Shelif was not more than a mile and a half from the meadow, but no time was to be lost if the two men were to reach the town before nightfall. Though still hidden by heavy clouds, the sun was evidently declining fast; and what was equally inexplicable, it was not following the oblique curve that in these latitudes and at this time of year might be expected, but was sinking perpendicularly down to the horizon.

As he went along, Captain Servadac pondered deeply. Perchance some unheard-of phenomenon had modified the rotary motion of the globe; or perhaps the Algerian coast had been transported beyond the equator into the southern hemisphere. Yet the earth, with the exception of the alteration in its convexity, in this part of Africa at least, seemed to have undergone no change of any very great importance. As far as the eye could reach, the shore was, as it had ever been, a succession of cliffs, beach, and arid rocks, tinged with a red ferruginous hue. To the south—if south, in this inverted order of things, it might still be called—the face of the country also appeared unaltered, and some leagues away, the peaks of the Merdeyah mountains still retained their accustomed outline.

Presently a rift in the clouds gave passage to an oblique ray of light that clearly proved that the sun was setting in the east.

"Well, I am curious to know what they think of all this at Mostaganem," said the captain. "I wonder, too, what the Minister of War will say when he receives a telegram informing him that his African colony has become, not morally, but physically disorganised; that the cardinal points are at variance with ordinary rules, and that the sun in the month of January is shining down vertically upon our heads."

Ben Zoof, whose ideas of discipline were extremely rigid, at once suggested that the colony should be put under the surveillance of the police, that the cardinal points should be placed under restraint, and that the sun should be shot for breach of discipline.

Meantime, they were both advancing with the utmost speed. The decompression of the atmosphere made the specific gravity of their bodies extraordinarily light, and they ran like hares and leaped like chamois. Leaving the devious windings of the footpath, they went as a crow would fly across the country. Hedges, trees, and streams were cleared at a bound, and under these conditions Ben Zoof felt that he could have overstepped Montmartre at a single stride. The earth seemed as


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 An Extract

This we English out of the 8th Journal des Scavans of 1667''. Viz.''

Ince the Experiments, of which I wrote to you the 9th of March, we have transfused the blood of three Calves into three Dogs, to assure our selves, what the mixture of two such differing sorts of blood might produce, I shall hereafter acquaint you at large with the particulars; at present I shall onely inform you, that the Animals, into whom the blood hath been transmitted, do all of them eat as well as before, and that one of these three Dogs, from whom the day before so much blood had been drawn, that he could hardly stir any more, having been supplied the next morning with the blood of a Calf, recover'd instantly his strength, and shew'd a surprizing vigor.

We have found new wayes of making this Transfusion with so much facility, that M. Emmerez, undertakes to perform it without any Ligature, onely by pricking, like that, which is used in Letting of blood.

Observations

N the midst of March An. 1664. I made a Section of the Rinds of Ash, and of the Tree, falsly called Sycamore. The first Section of each of the Rinds was square, whereof three sides were cut,


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 cut, the fourth uncut. The success was, that the whole Bark did unite, by binding it with pack-thred, leaving a scar in each of the sides cut.

Then I cut off and separated entirely from the Tree, several parts of the Bark, some shallower, leaving part of the Bark on; others to the very wood it self, both in the Trunk and Branches; from an inch square to less dimensions; and some of them I bound close with pack-thred: all which were separated, a new Rind succeeding in their place, Some I cover'd over, beyond the place of Incision, with Diachylon-plaister, and tied them fast with pack-thred. All which, thus bound and plaister'd, did within the space of three weeks, firmly unite to the Tree, not without some shriveling of the outward skin of the Bark, and also with some shrinking in each side, where the Incision was made; Where also appear'd in each of the Interstices a scar.

The like Experiment I made, some years before, about the same time of the year, and succeeded as before related. But tying the same about Michaelmas, and in the Winter-season, at neither of these times any Union could be made of the Bark to the Tree. I suppose, it was, because the Sappe mounted not so vigorously and in such plenty, as in the Spring-season.

Some Branches of the fore-mentioned Trees were decorticated round, and where no Union was, there certainly follow'd a withering of the Branch beyond the place, where the Section was made.

I also separated a Twig from the Branch, by cutting of it sloping, for the better fastning of it to the Branch again, This Twig I exactly fitted to the Branch, from whence 'twas cut, in the same posture, it before grew in: I firmly bound it, and cover'd it with Diachylon-plaister. The success was, that in 3 dayes time, the Twig, that was cut off, withered. An


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Author:George Alexander Thompson

Works

 * Diccionario geográfico-historico de las Indias Occidentales o América translation of Antonio de Alcedo's work published in five volumes (1812 to 1815)
 * A Theory of the Two Hemispheres (1813)
 * Narrative of an Official Visit to Guatemala from Mexico (1829)
 * Handbook to the Pacific and California, Describing Eight Different Routes, by Sea, Central America, Mexico, and the Territories of the United States, Particularly with Reference to the Ports Frequented by the Steamers of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (1849)

title: Author:George Alexander Thompson


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 An Experiment

Communicated by the same, as follows:

Nno. 1665, I made the following Experiment with 3 May-Cherry-Trees (planted in a rich Mould) which lay to a South-wall, shaded 4 Winter-Moneths from the Sun by a high Building, so that the Sun came not on them, till the beginning of March, when being high, and shining somewhat fiercely upon them, the fruit constantly withered for some years before. Now this year, the season being very hot and dry, I bared the roots of one of them, by making a hole about it, and watered it every Morning and Evening with about a Gallon of water, for about a fortnight before the Cherries came to redness, and the fruit was full and good. The other two Trees, left without this ordering, had most of their fruit withered, having onely skin and stones. Now to try this Experiment farther, I made a hole round about one of the other Trees, and fed it with water daily, as the former: In a Weeks time, those that were quite withered, fell off, and the rest, that were not so, grew and increased exceedingly; the other Tree, that was not used after this manner, had not any of its fruit come to perfection.

An Experiment

Ugust 4, 1656, this Aloes weighed 21 Ounces, 6 Drams, 2 Grains. Its colour was of a pale-green, consisting of 11 Leaves; it was bound about with a red dry Cloth, and was hung up without Oil, as is usual, in the Kitchin. August


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The Rugged Pyrrhus

THE RUGGED Pyrrhus, he whose sable arms, Black as his purpose, did the night resemble When he lay couched in the ominous horse, Hath now this dread and black complexion smear'd With heraldry more dismal; head to foot Now is he total gules; horridly trick'd With blood of fathers, mothers, daughters, sons, Baked and impasted with the parching streets, That lend a tyrannous and damned light To their lord's murder: roasted in wrath and fire, And thus o'er-sized with coagulate gore, With eyes like carbuncles, the hellish Pyrrhus Old grandsire Priam seeks. Anon he finds him Striking too short at Greeks; his antique sword, Rebellious to his arm, lies where it falls, Repugnant to command: unequal match'd, Pyrrhus at Priam drives; in rage strikes wide; But with the whiff and wind of his fell sword The unnerved father falls. Then senseless Ilium, Seeming to feel this blow, with flaming top Stoops to his base, and with a hideous crash Takes prisoner Pyrrhus' ear: for, lo! his sword, Which was declining on the milky head Of reverend Priam, seem'd i' the air to stick: So, as a painted tyrant, Pyrrhus stood, And like a neutral to his will and matter, Did nothing.

But, as we often see, against some storm, A silence in the heavens, the rack stand still, The bold winds speechless and the orb below As hush as death, anon the dreadful thunder Doth rend the region, so, after Pyrrhus' pause, Aroused vengeance sets him new a-work; And never did the Cyclops' hammers fall On Mars's armour forged for proof eterne With less remorse than Pyrrhus' bleeding sword Now falls on Priam.

Out, out, thou strumpet, Fortune! All you gods, In general synod, take away her power; Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel, And bowl the round nave down the hill of heaven, As low as to the fiends!

But who, O, who had seen the mobled queen Run barefoot up and down, threatening the flames With bisson rheum; a clout upon that head Where late the diadem stood, and for a robe, About her lank and all o'er-teemed loins, A blanket, in the alarm of fear caught up; Who this had seen, with tongue in venom steep'd, 'Gainst Fortune's state would treason have pronounced:

But if the gods themselves did see her then When she saw Pyrrhus make malicious sport In mincing with his sword her husband's limbs, The instant burst of clamour that she made, Unless things mortal move them not at all, Would have made milch the burning eyes of heaven, And passion in the gods!

title: The Rugged Pyrrhus


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Portal:Railroad engineering and operation

General

 * Economy of Railway Locomotion as it appeared in the June 1873 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Growth and Effect of Railway Consolidation as it appeared in the March 1883 Popular Science Monthly
 * A voice from the signal-box, or Railway Accidents and their Causes, by an anonymous signalman (1874).

Civil engineering

 * Portal:Channel Tunnel
 * The St Gothard Tunnel as it appeared in the August 1880 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Electric Railway as it appeared in the April 1884 Popular Science Monthly
 * Geography and the Railroads as it appeared in the June 1884 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Severn Tunnel: Its Construction and Difficulties. 1872–1887, by Thomas A. Walker, (1888).

Mechanical engineering

 * Compressed-Air Locomotive in St Gothard Tunnel as it appeared in the February 1877 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Modern Locomotive, by Clarence Edgar Allen, (1912).
 * Steam Locomotive Construction and Maintenance, by E. L. Ahrons, (1921).

Signal engineering

 * Electric Signaling on English Railroads as it appeared in the March 1874 Popular Science Monthly

Operation and management

 * Railway Locomotive Management, in a series of letters, by “Veriats Vincit” (1847)
 * Letters from an old railway official, to his son, a division superintendent, by Charles DeLano Hine, (1904).
 * Letters from an old railway official (second series), his son, a general manager, by Charles DeLano Hine, (1912).
 * Letters from an old railway official (second series), his son, a general manager, by Charles DeLano Hine, (1912).

Companies

 * Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
 * Illinois Central Railroad
 * Northern Pacific Railway
 * Union Pacific Railway and the Northwest-Line
 * Grand Trunk Western Railroad


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Author:Julian Robert John Jocelyn

Works

 * (History)
 * (Heavy Field and Siege Equipments, Garrison Mountings)

title: Author:Julian Robert John Jocelyn


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Portal:Telephony

 * The Telephone and How it Works as it appeared in the March 1878 Popular Science Monthly
 * On Edison's Talking-Machine, by Alfred Marshall Mayer as it appeared in the April 1878 Popular Science Monthly
 * How Sound and Words are Produced, by Alfred Marshall Mayer, by George M. Shaw as it appeared in the May 1878 Popular Science Monthly
 * Edison's Telephonic and Acoustic Inventions as it appeared in the December 1878 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Carbon Button, by Edmund Arthur Engler as it appeared in the May 1880 Popular Science Monthly
 * On the Production of Sound by Light, by Alexander Graham Bell as it appeared in the October 1880 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Telephone, with a Sketch of its Inventor, Philipp Reis as it appeared in the August 1883 Popular Science Monthly
 * Under-Ground Wires, by William W. Jacques as it appeared in the February 1884 Popular Science Monthly

title: Portal:Telephony


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 {|align="center" cellspacing="0"
 * ||colspan="6"|Weight. ||colspan="2"|Loss.
 * || ||Ounc. ||Dram. ||Scrup. ||Grains. ||Scruples. ||Grains.
 * -align="right"
 * align="left"|August || 19. || 21 || 3 || 0 ||style="border-right:thin solid"|24 || 3 ||27
 * -align="right"
 * align="left"|Septemb. || 6. || 21 || 1½ || 0 ||style="border-right:thin solid"| 0 || 1 || 14
 * -align="right"
 * align="left"|February || 20. || 21 || 1 || 0 ||style="border-right:thin solid"| 12 || 0 || 11
 * -align="right"
 * align="left"|March ||16. || 21 || 0 || 2 ||style="border-right:thin solid"| 0  || 0 || 32
 * -align="right"
 * align="left"|April || 8. || 21 || 0 || 0 ||style="border-right:thin solid"| 0 || 0 || 40
 * -align="right"
 * align="left"|May || 1. || 20 || 7 || 0 ||style="border-right:thin solid"| 0 || 1 || 0
 * -align="right"
 * align="left"|May || 28. || 20 || 5½ || 0 ||style="border-right:thin solid"| 0 || 1½ || 0
 * -align="right"
 * align="left"|June || 12. || 20 || 4 || 0 ||style="border-right:thin solid"| 4 || 2 || 26
 * -align="right"
 * align="left"|July || 1. || 20 || 1 || 0 ||style="border-right:thin solid"| 8 || 2 || 18
 * -align="right"
 * align="left"|July || 20. || 19 || 6 || 0 ||style="border-right:thin solid"| 1 || 3 || 7
 * -align="right"
 * align="left"|August || 4. || 19 || 3 || 0 ||style="border-right:thin solid"| 12 || 2 || 49
 * }
 * }

So that in at whole year it lost 2 Ounces, 3 Drams, 24 Grains. The succeeding year being drier and hotter, it lost 3 Ounces, 2½ Scruples, and more than double in the 6 colder, than the 6 hotter Moneths. I kept it about 5 years, and it decreased much about the same proportion. And in the year 1660, hanging it in a colder Garret, it perished.

The Observables I had about it, that every Year two of the greater Leaves first changed Colour, and wither'd; and in the Spring-time, there grew out two very fresh and green ones, never amounting to the bignes of any of the precedent; insomuch, that all this time I had the same number of Leaves. And then, these new Leaves were more fresh and green, and not serrated, and thicker also in proportion to their other Dimensions. Whence perhaps it may probably be inferr'd, vid. from the growth of these latter Leaves, that there is a Circulation in this Plant of the Succus nutritius, For, how is it possible, that the Roots, continuing as firm and solid as at first, should supply so much nourishment, as to procreate new Leaves, unless it were from the return of the said Succus, from the old and decaying Leaves; into the Root, and there protruded for the production of new ones? For, all Bulbous Roots, as Garlick, Onions, Tulips, and especially Squils; who protrude their Leaves, placed in a Shop or House, have their Roots lighter, and more spungy; the


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Portal:Telegraphy

Telegrafie

title: Portal:Telegraphy


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Portal:Radio

Radio apparatus

 * The Oscillating Audion as it appeared in the January 1916 QST
 * Apparatus Arrangement as it appeared in the February 1916 QST
 * An Interview with the Inventor of the Crystaloi Detector as it appeared in the March 1916 QST
 * Practical Pointers on the Audion as it appeared in the March 1916 QST
 * Software-Defined Radio and Broadcasting (2009)

Radio stations

 * Amateur Radio Stations as it appeared in the January 1916 QST
 * American Radio Relay League Station 8ZI as it appeared in the March 1916 QST
 * Ann Arbor, Michigan Radio Station as it appeared in the March 1916 QST
 * One of the Special License Stations as it appeared in the March 1916 QST
 * Ontario Radio Station as it appeared in the March 1916 QST
 * Radio Station 9IK as it appeared in the March 1916 QST
 * The Radio Station of Mr. P. W. Patch, Dubuque, Ia. as it appeared in the March 1916 QST
 * A Well Equipped Station in York, PA as it appeared in the March 1916 QST

title: Portal:Radio


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Portal:Electrical engineering

Periodicals

 * The Bell System Technical Journal

Telecommunications

 * Portal:Telegraphy
 * Portal:Telephony
 * Portal:Radio
 * Portal:Television
 * Convergence of Digital TV Systems and Services (2009)

Computer hardware

 * Layered Architecture for Quantum Computing (2012)

title: Portal:Electrical engineering


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 Ryder, James F. Voigtlander and I: In Pursuit of Shadow Catching. Cleveland, 1902

Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. The Wonders of Light and Shadow. London, 1851

Sparling, W. Theory and Practice of the Photographic Art. London, 1856

Tissandier, Gaston. A History and Handbook of Photography. Edited by J. Thomson. 2nd edition. London, 1878

University of Pennsylvania. Animal Locomotion. The Muybridge Work at the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1888

Vitray, Laura, John Mills, Jr., and Roscoe Ellard. Pictorial Journalism. New York and London, 1939

Vogel, Hermann. The Chemistry of Light and Photography. New York, 1875

Wall, A. H. Artistic Landscape Photography. London, [1896]

Wall, Alfred H. A Manual of Artistic Colouring, As Applied to Photographs. London, 1861

Werge, John. The Evolution of Photography. London, 1890

Wilson, Edward L. The American Carbon Manual. New York, 1868

Wilson, Edward L. Wilson's Photographies. New York, 1881

All of the books in the collection are clothbound. An asterisk indicates that the book is also available paperbound.

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 THE

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UR age is retrospective. It builds the sepulchres of the fathers. It writes biographies, histories, and criticism. The foregoing generations beheld God and nature face to face; we, through their eyes. Why should not we also enjoy an original relation to the universe? Why should not we have a poetry and philosophy of insight and not of tradition, and a religion by revelation to us, and not the history of theirs? Embosomed for a season in nature, whose floods of life stream around and through us, and invite us by the powers they supply, to action proportioned to nature, why should we grope among the dry bones of the past, or put the living generation into masquerade out of its faded wardrobe? The sun shines to-day also. There is more wool and flax in the fields. There are new lands, new men, new thoughts. Let us demand our own works and laws and worship. 7


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 your first to inflict that punishment on such as were its enemies."

order to shew that he did not mean to trifle, he ordered the tongue of a monk (called Abba Af Christos) to be cut out, for denying the two natures in Christ; and Buco, one of the principal generals of his court (who afterwards died a zealous Catholic) he ordered to be beaten with rods, and degraded from his employment, for observing the Jewish sabbath.

king, having given these public, unequivocal testimonies of his resolution, put himself at the head of his army, and marched against Jonael; but that rebel, not daring to meet his offended sovereign, retired into the mountains; whereupon the king laid waste the country of the Galla, who had protected him. This occasioned a division among the Galla themselves. One party declaring for the king, apprehended Jonael with intention to deliver him up; but he was soon rescued out of their hands by the contrary party, enemies to Socinios. His protectors being once known, the manner of working his destruction was soon known likewise. The king's presents made their way to that faithless people, the only barbarians with whom the right of hospitality is not established. Upon receiving the king's bribe, they murdered Jonael, cut his head off, and sent it to the king.

rebellion in Damot was not so easily quelled. Sela Christos, a zealous Catholic, was sent against the rebels to inforce the proclamation with regard to the sabbath. But as his connections were very considerable among them, he


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8 Undoubtedly we have no questions to ask which are unanswerable. We must trust the perfection of the creation so far, as to believe that whatever curiosity the order of things has awakened in our minds, the order of things can satisfy. Every man's condition is a solution in hieroglyphic to those inquiries he would put. He acts it as life, before he apprehends it as truth. In like manner, nature is already, in its forms and tendencies, describing its own design. Let us interrogate the great apparition, that shines so peacefully around us. Let us inquire, to what end is nature?

All science has one aim, namely, to find a theory of nature. We have theories of races and of functions, but scarcely yet a remote approach to an idea of creation. We are now so far from the road to truth, that religious teachers dispute and hate each other, and speculative men are esteemed unsound and frivolous. But to a sound judgment, the most abstract truth is the most practical. Whenever a true theory appears, it will be its own evidence. Its test is, that it will explain all phenomena. Now many are thought not only unexplained but inexplicable; as language, sleep, madness, dreams, beasts, sex.


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 different constructions in which the same word occurs (e. g. (അലങ്കരിക്ക), its various applications (e. g. അടങ്ങുക), allusions to the traditions and superstitions of the people (അടക്കം, അവസ്ഥ), standing phrases (ആട്ടം. അതുബുദ്ധി, അത്യാശ, അൻപു, അമ്പാഴം, അള) and proverbial expressions (cctq^o, (Srofzj^eYXj ^juI, (S^ ^003, (Crcofbo-j, (srcmjDtfo, (sraoBjlonl^ (STZ)^), these points have been es- pecially considered in selecting the illustrations. The Compounds and Derivatives are arranged under each leading word in alphabetical order, but are not treated at the length that appeared necessary in the case of the parent words. . The orthography of each word is Hxed at the head of the article which treats of it, but in the illustrations deviations are allowed, when they exhibit a current pronunciation (f.i. ctsr^s^scy, asr(DSa_^), or are borne out by the constant usage of some locality or caste (esrtjg^, csroa Q(b:6^)^ or when, as in the case of the numerous Tadbhavams, it is caused by the inequalities of the Sanscrit and Dravidian alphabets . It cannot be expected that the work should be compressed within the same compass as the Eev. Mr. Bailey's Dictionary. Not that the latter will always be found the more concise of the two. It is one of the chief defects of that, otherwise valuable, work, that it does not discriminate between Malayalam and Sanscrit terms and leaves the student completely in the dark, both as regards the ety- mology and the proportional importance of words. For it concedes to unknown and useless words (f.i. (Syss?c^oCo1, csirsg erno^o) as well as to those that are comparatively unimportant (as ^raTl, -^^.j) more space, than to words of the genuine native stock that occur frequently in idi- oms of daily current use (f.i. (Srz)§d66inr>ti, ^^^i^)- Ii^ consequence it will be found, that the Sanscrit part of the present work (see for instance the compounds with (®^ord— cg^q-j— csmal— ) occupies less space than was the case in the former Dictionary and this without any detriment to the subject matter. For the progress made in the study of Sanscrit subsequent to the appearance ofDr. Wilson's Diction- ary (on which the Sanscrit portion of Mr. Bailey's work is based) has enabled the writer to throw new light even on this part of his task.


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Rh Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul. Strictly speaking, therefore, all that is separate from us, all which Philosophy distinguishes as the not me, that is, both nature and art, all other men and my own body, must be ranked under this name,. In enumerating the values of nature and casting up their sum, I shall use the word in both senses;—in its common and in its philosophical import. In inquiries so general as our present one, the inaccuracy is not material; no confusion of thought will occur. Nature, in the common sense, refers to essences unchanged by man; space, the air, the river, the leaf. Artis applied to the mixture of his will with the same things, as in a house, a canal, a statue, a picture. But his operations taken together are so insignificant, a little chipping, baking, patching, and washing, that in an impression so grand as that of the world on the human mind, they do not vary the result.


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 chose first to endeavour, by fair means, to induce the ignorant savages to return to reason and obedience. With this view, he fent to expostulate with them; and to beg that, in articles of faith, they would suffer themselves to be examined and instructed by men of learning and good life; not by those monks, ignorant like themselves, from whom they only could learn vice, blasphemy, and rebellion. To this the Damots answered, as one man, That, if his friendship for them and good intentions were real, he should give them, for proof, the immediate burning of all the Latin books which had been translated into the Ethiopian language, and that, then, he should hang those Jesuits who were with him upon a high tree.

are not, however, to consider this was really from a conviction or persuasion of the Damots, who inhabit a province bordering upon the Agows and Gongas, and their christianity much upon a par with that of either of these nations. But the fact was, that the fanatics and zealots for the Alexandrian faith had retired in great numbers to Damot, as to a province the worst affected to the king, from the recent violence of Julius, who, in an expedition against the Shangalla, by order of the king had driven off the cattle of the peaceable Damots, who had been then guilty of no offence. And as these were ready to rebel for a quarrel merely their own, it was very easy for the schismatical monks to add this religious grievance to the sum of the preceding.

had with him about 7000 men, most of them Catholics and veteran soldiers; and among these 40 Portuguese, partly on foot, armed with musquets, the others


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504 TRAVELS TO DISCOVER. lie propagated, which could have no other end but his destruction.

, a Moor, and factor for the king of Sennaar, was chief of the caravan which he then joined. Du Roule had employed, while at Cairo, all the usual means to gain this man to his interest, and had every reason to suppose he had succeeded. But, on his meeting him at Siout, he had the mortification to find that he was so far changed that it cost him 250 dollars to prevent his declaring himself an abettor of his enemies. And this, perhaps, would not have sufficed, had it not been for the arrival of Fornetti, drugoman to the French nation at Cairo, at Siout, and with him a capigi and chiaoux from Ismael Bey, the port of janizaries, and from the basha of Cairo, expressly commanding the governor of Siout, and Belac chief of the caravan, to look to the safety of du Roule, and protect him at the hazard of their lives, and as they should answer to them.

the parties concerned were then called together; and the fedtah, or prayer of peace, used in long and dangerous journies, was solemnly recited and assented to by them all; in consequence of which, every individual became bound to stand by his companion even to death, and not separate himself from him, nor see him wronged, though it was for his own gain or safety. This test brought all the secret to light; for Ali Chelebi, governor of Siout, informed the ambassador, that the Christian merchants and Franciscan friars were in a conspiracy, and had sworn to defeat and disappoint his embassy even by the loss of his life, and that, by presents, they had gained him to be a partner in that conspiracy.


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 A MALAYALAM AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

അ

അ a. Found in Tdbh's before initial ര, ല, as അരക്കര്, അരങ്ങു; — passes easily into the sound of എ, as ചെടയന് from ജട, തെചമി = ദശമി. The final അ has often the character of a palatal vowel and corresponds with T. ഐ, C. എ. f.i. തല, തലയില്, തലെക്കു; പറ, പറെഞ്ഞു. I. അ a 5. pron. That, yonder. (The corres- ponding pron. signifies this, as in (അത:, അത്ര.) Hence : അവന്, അത്; അക്കര, അപ്പുറം, അപ്പോലെ (and അതുപോലെ). Before vowels അയ്യാള് that man, അവ്വിടം that place. It is also used for the second person as (അദ്ദേഹം that person, you (comp. അങ്ങു). II. (അ a S. negative particle, before vowels (അന് (G. an — L. in — E. un — ) as അഫലം fruit- less, അനുത്തമം than which there is no better. അം am 5. (obs.) = (അ, അതു; hence (അങ്ങു- അംശം amśam S, l.Sharc, part. മൂന്നില് ഒര് അംശം ⅓ TR. അംശപത്രം deed of partition. 2. part of a Talook, formerly called ഹൊബിളി, greater than a തറ, hence അംശം അധികാരി, അംശം മേനോന് MR. 3. emanation or incarnation of a god. തന്നുടെ അംശങ്ങളാല് അവതാരങ്ങള് ചെയ്തു Bhg 1. ദേവന്റെ അംശം = മൂര്‍ത്തി. King Udaya Varma is called ആദിത്യാംശം KM. അംശാവതരണങ്ങള് Bhr. 1. 4. hence glory. നരപതി അംശത്തോട് വാണുകൊള്ക KU അംശമുമുള്ളോന്, അംശക്കാരന് person of noble descent VI. അംശം കെട്ടവന് fallen from his rank VI. അംശക്കൂറു dignity VI. അംശകം amśagam S. (അംശം) The fourtli part of a day. ഒരു രാശി = 2¼ നാള്= ൯ അംശകം TP. Hence a denom, V. അംശകിക്കു f. i. ഗ്രഹം ഒമ്പത് രാശിയിലും അംശകിക്കും TP. അംശിക്ക amśikka(അംശം) To divide, portion. അംശു amśu S. (അംശം) Ray (po.) അംശുജാലം പരന്നു CO. അംശുമാന് sun (po.) അംസം amśam S. l, Shoulder ; അംസളം strong (po.) അംസരം amśaram Vu. = അവസരം TR. അംഹസ്സ് amhassự S. (L. ango) Anxiety, (throttler) sin = അഘം. അക aga (C. Tu. അഗെ) and അവ Germ, bud, shoot; അകെക്കു to bud (T. to burst) f. i. a grafted tree VI. കാട് വെട്ടിയാല് അകെച്ചീടും - വാചാ വെട്ടി മുറിച്ചാ അകച്ചീടാ PT.അടവി വെട്ടിയാല് അകെച്ചീടും 3. will bud again. I. അകം agam S. (അ+കം joy) Pain, sin (po.) II. അകം agamT.M,To.(Tu. അം) 1. Inside; often adv. കാടകം, നെഞ്ചകം in the jungle, heart(po.) — ആയിരത്തില് അഹം പണം TR. within 1000 fanam, less than. — അകവും പുറവും നോക്കുക examine closely. 2. abode,


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Talk:Update Recommendation to Release or Transfer to the Control of Another Country (TR) for Guantanamo Detainee ISN US9AF-000826DP (S)

source
From File:ISN 826's Guantanamo detainee assessment.pdf  Geo Swan (talk) 03:30, 19 June 2011 (UTC)


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O go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars. The rays that come from those heavenly worlds, will separate between him and what he touches. One might think the atmosphere was made transparent with this design, to give man, in the heavenly bodies, the perpetual presence of the sublime. Seen in the streets of cities, how great they are! If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; and preserve for many generations the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown! But every night come out these envoys of beauty, and light the universe with their admonishing smile.

The stars awaken a certain reverence, because though always present, they are inaccessible; but all natural objects make a kindred 11


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12, when the mind is open to their influence. Nature never wears a mean appearance. Neither does the wisest man extort her secret, and lose his curiosity by finding out all her perfection. Nature never became a toy to a wise spirit. The flowers, the animals, the mountains, reflected the wisdom of his best hour, as much as they had delighted the simplicity of his childhood.

When we speak of nature in this manner, we have a distinct but most poetical sense in the mind. We mean the integrity of impression made by manifold natural objects. It is this which distinguishes the stick of timber of the wood-cutter, from the tree of the poet. The charming landscape which I saw this morning, is indubitably made up of some twenty or thirty farms. Miller owns this field, Locke that, and Manning the woodland beyond. But none of them owns the landscape. There is a property in the horizon which no man has but he whose eye can integrate all the parts, that is, the poet. This is the best part of these men's farms, yet to this their warranty-deeds give no title. To speak truly, few adult persons can see nature. Most persons do not see the sun. At least they have a very superficial seeing. The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the eye and the heart of the child. The lover of nature is he whose inward and


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Rh outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other; who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood. His intercourse with heaven and earth, becomes part of his daily food. In the presence of nature, a wild delight runs through the man, in spite of real sorrows. Nature says,—he is my creature, and maugre all his impertinent griefs, he shall be glad with me. Not the sun or the summer alone, but every hour and season yields its tribute of delight; for every hour and change corresponds to and authorizes a different state of the mind, from breathless noon to grimmest midnight. Nature is a setting that fits equally well a comic or a mourning piece. In good health, the air is a cordial of incredible virtue. Crossing a bare common, in snow puddles, at twilight, under a clouded sky, without having in my thoughts any occurrence of special good fortune, I have enjoyed a perfect exhilaration. I am glad to the brink of fear. In the woods too, a man casts off his years, as the snake his slough, and at what period soever of life, is always a child. In the woods, is perpetual youth. Within these plantations of God, a decorum and sanctity reign, a perennial festival is dressed, and the guest sees not how he should tire of them in a thousand years. In the woods, we return to reason and faith. There I feel that nothing can befall me in life,—no disgrace, no calamity, (


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14 me my eyes,) which nature cannot repair. Standing on the bare ground,—my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space,—all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God. The name of the nearest friend sounds then foreign and accidental: to be brothers, to be acquaintances,—master or servant, is then a trifle and a disturbance. I am the lover of uncontained and immortal beauty. In the wilderness, I find something more dear and connate than in streets or villages. In the tranquil landscape, and especially in the distant line of the horizon, man beholds somewhat as beautiful as his own nature.

The greatest delight which the fields and woods minister, is the suggestion of an occult relation between man and the vegetable. I am not alone and unacknowledged. They nod to me, and I to them. The waving of the boughs in the storm, is new to me and old. It takes me by surprise, and yet is not unknown. Its effect is like that of a higher thought or a better emotion coming over me, when I deemed I was thinking justly or doing right. Yet it is certain that the power to produce this delight, does not reside in nature, but in man, or in a harmony of both. It is necessary to use these pleasures with great temperance. For,


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Rh nature is not always tricked in holiday attire, but the same scene which yesterday breathed perfume and glittered as for the frolic of the nymphs, is overspread with melancholy to-day. Nature always wears the colors of the spirit. To a man laboring under calamity, the heat of his own fire hath sadness in it. Then, there is a kind of contempt of the landscape felt by him who has just lost by death a dear friend. The sky is less grand as it shuts down over less worth in the population.


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Nature, Addresses and Lectures/Nature

Nature (Emerson)

title: Nature, Addresses and Lectures/Nature


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HOEVER considers the final cause of the world will discern a multitude of uses that enter as parts into that result. They all admit of being thrown into one of the following classes; Commodity; Beauty; Language; and Discipline.

Under the general name of Commodity, I rank all those advantages which our senses owe to nature. This, of course, is a benefit which is temporary and mediate, not ultimate, like its service to the soul. Yet although low, it is perfect in its kind, and is the only use of nature which all men apprehend. The misery of man appears like childish petulance, when we explore the steady and prodigal provision that has been made for his support and delight on this green ball which floats him through the heavens. What angels invented these splendid ornaments, these rich conveniences, this ocean of air above, this ocean of water beneath, this firmament of earth between? this zodiac of lights, this tent of dropping clouds, this striped coat of climates, this fourfold year? Beasts, fire, water, stones, and corn serve him. The field is at once his 16


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Rh floor, his work-yard, his play-ground, his garden, and his bed.

Nature, in its ministry to man, is not only the material, but is also the process and the result. All the parts incessantly work into each other's hands for the profit of man. The wind sows the seed; the sun evaporates the sea; the wind blows the vapor to the field; the ice, on the other side of the planet, condenses rain on this; the rain feeds the plant; the plant feeds the animal; and thus the endless circulations of the divine charity nourish man.

The useful arts are reproductions or new combinations by the wit of man, of the same natural benefactors. He no longer waits for favoring gales, but by means of steam, he realizes the fable of Æolus's bag, and carries the two and thirty winds in the boiler of his boat. To diminish friction, he paves the road with iron bars, and, mounting a coach with a ship-load of men, animals, and merchandise behind him, he darts through the country, from town to town, like an eagle or a swallow through the air. By the aggregate of these aids, how is the face of the world changed from the era of Noah to that of Napoleon! The private poor man hath cities, ships, canals, bridges, built for him. He goes to 2


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18 the post-office, and the human race run on his errands; to the book-shop, and the human race read and write of all that happens, for him; to the court-house, and nations repair his wrongs. He sets his house upon the road, and the human race go forth every morning, and shovel out the snow, and cut a path for him.

But there is no need of specifying particulars in this class of uses. The catalogue is endless, and the examples so obvious, that I shall leave them to the reader's reflection, with the general remark, that this mercenary benefit is one which has respect to a farther good. A man is fed, not that he may be fed, but that he may work.


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NOBLER want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.

The ancient Greeks called the world xoσμoς, beauty. Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight in and for themselves; a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping. This seems partly owing to the eye itself. The eye is the best of artists. By the mutual action of its structure and of the laws of light, perspective is produced, which integrates every mass of objects, of what character soever, into a well colored and shaded globe, so that where the particular objects are mean and unaffecting, the landscape which they compose, is round and symmetrical. And as the eye is the best composer, so light is the first of painters, There is no object so foul that intense light will not make beautiful. And the stimulus it affords to the sense, and a sort of infinitude which it hath, like space and time, make all matter gay. Even the corpse has its 19


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CHI 6th century, at Raleigh, in England. He was early sent to college, but having to fly the country for robbing one of the Queen's purveyors (who, as Lodge puts it, "were but little better than robbers themselves"), he removed to Ireland. He commanded one of Drake's vessels in his last voyage to the West Indies, and afterwards went to France, where he signalized himself under Henry IV., who knighted him. He was knighted again in 1595, according to Lodge for "his skill in the wars of this kingdom [Ireland], where his service in the reduction of the Irish to due obedience was so manifest, that he was effectually assistant to plough and break up that barbarous nation by conquest, and then sow it with seeds of civility." He commanded at Carrickfergus in 1599, and was actively engaged throughout the war with O'Neill; in 1602 he erected Mountjoy Fort; in 1603-'4 he was made Lord-Deputy, and resolutely set about extending the circuits in Ireland, abolishing the old laws and customs, and endeavouring to make the people Protestant. In 1608, after the flight of the Earls, the plantation of Ulster was urged on, mainly, it would seem, through the influence of Sir Arthur Chichester, who largely profited thereby. "Manors of 1,000, 1,500, and 3,000 acres were offered by this project to such English and Scottish as should undertake to plant their lots with British Protestants, and engage to allow no Irish to dwell upon them." The old occupiers were, as far as possible, cleared off to waste places in Munster and Connaught. According to Irish law, the tribal lands were the property of the people, not of the chiefs; and even if O'Neill and O'Donnell had been guilty of treason, it did not forfeit the people's right to the territory. This plantation was perhaps one of the remote causes of the War of 1641-52. For his share, Sir Arthur received the district of Irishowen, and he was created Baron Chichester of Belfast in February 1612. In the same year he summoned the first parliament that had been held in Ireland for twenty-seven years. James managed to secure a Protestant majority by creating a number of small boroughs; and the Irish Catholics were indignant at being shut out from the Privy Council, the Magistracy, the Bench, and the Bar. In 1614 Chichester was commissioned to inquire into titles of estates in Wexford, Longford, Leitrim, and other counties, and found a general title for the King to about 350,000 acres. "While he was Lord-Deputy, in 1614, the harp was first marshalled with the arms of England on the coinage. In 1622 he was sent as ambassador to the Palatinate, and to treat for a peace with the Emperor, and for a time was shut up by Tilly's besieging army in Mannheim. Returning home, he died in London, 19th February 1624, and was interred in the Church of Saint Nicholas, at Carrickfergus, under a "stately monument." He built for himself a residence at Joymount, near Carrickfergus. His biographer and personal friend, Sir F. Fortescue, says of him: " He was one so far from ambition and covetousness that he, neither by friends nor of himself, moved for advancement, military or civil, but still it was conferred on him unsought … He was not a very good orator, but had a singular good expression with his pen—sublime and succinct, according to the subject whereof he wrote, and the person to wnom." His brother, Sir John, Governor of Carrickfergus, was taken prisoner and beheaded on 4th November 1597, in an expedition against the MacDonnells. His opponent, James MacDonnell, afterwards Earl of Antrim, viewing the Chichester monument, is said to have asked, "How the de'ell he came to get his head again, for he was sure he had ance ta'en it frae him."

Ciaran or Kiaran, Saint, the founder of Clonmacnoise. He was of Ulster extraction; but his father, a carpenter, emigrated to Connaught, where Ciaran was born in 515. He studied at Clonard, under Saint Finnen, and having completed his education there, perfected himself under the austere rule of Saint Enna, on the Island of Aran, and at Scattery Island. On his return to Westmeath, a friendly chief gave him a piece of ground whereon he commenced the erection of the religious establishments of Clonmacnoise. There he ministered during the remainder of his brief life, with the exception of a sojourn at Inishanghin, on the Shannon. King Diarmaid, whom the Saint befriended while in exile, was a munificent benefactor of Saint Ciaran's establishment. He died in 548, aged about 33, only seven months after resuming his government of Clonmacnoise. His festival is the 9th of September. He is compared in the Martyrology of Donegal to Christ, in that his father was a carpenter, that his life was wonderfully holy, and that he died about the same age.

Ciaran, or Kieran, Saint, of Saighir [Serkeiran in the King's County], the founder of the see of Ossory in the 5th century, is sometimes styled the "first-born of the saints of Ireland." He was born on Cape Clear Island, where he afterwards founded a church. He is said to have been one of St. Patrick's earliest disciples, and 81


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20 own beauty. But besides this general grace diffused over nature, almost all the individual forms are agreeable to the eye, as is proved by our endless imitations of some of them, as the acorn, the grape, the pine-cone, the wheat-ear, the egg, the wings and forms of most birds, the lion's claw, the serpent, the butterfly, sea-shells, flames, clouds, buds, leaves, and the forms of many trees, as the palm.

For better consideration, we may distribute the aspects of Beauty in a threefold manner.

1. First, the simple perception of natural forms is a delight. The influence of the forms and actions in nature, is so needful to man, that, in its lowest functions, it seems to lie on the confines of commodity and beauty. To the body and mind which have been cramped by noxious work or company, nature is medicinal and restores their tone. The tradesman, the attorney comes out of the din and craft of the street, and sees the sky and the woods, and is a man again. In their eternal calm, he finds himself. The health of the eye seems to demand a horizon. We are never tired, so long as we can see far enough.

But in other hours, Nature satisfies by its loveliness, and without any mixture of corporeal benefit. I see the spectacle of morning from the hill-top over against my house, from day-break to sun-rise, with emotions which an angel might


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On the Border Territory Between the Animal and the Vegetable Kingdoms

 * Huxley, Thomas Henry (1876), "On the Border Territory Between the Animal and the Vegetable Kingdoms" in Macmillan's Magazine 33: 373-84.
 * Thomas Henry Huxley (1888), "On the Border Territory Between the Animal and the Vegetable Kingdoms in Science and Culture, and Other Essays.
 * Huxley, Thomas Henry (1894), "On the Border Territory Between the Animal and the Vegetable Kingdoms in Discourses Biological and Geological.
 * Thomas Henry Huxley (1888), "On the Border Territory Between the Animal and the Vegetable Kingdoms in Science and Culture, and Other Essays.
 * Huxley, Thomas Henry (1894), "On the Border Territory Between the Animal and the Vegetable Kingdoms in Discourses Biological and Geological.


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Rh share. The long slender bars of cloud float like fishes in the sea of crimson light. From the earth as a shore, I look out into that silent sea. I seem to partake its rapid transformations: the active enchantment reaches my dust, and I dilate and conspire with the morning wind. How does Nature deify us with a few and cheap elements! Give me health and a day, and I will make the pomp of emperors ridiculous. The dawn is my Assyria; the sun-set and moon-rise my Paphos, and unimaginable realms of faerie; broad noon shall be my England of the senses and the understanding; the night shall be my Germany of mystic philosophy and dreams. Not less excellent, except for our less susceptibility in the afternoon, was the charm, last evening, of a January sunset. The western clouds divided and subdivided themselves into pink flakes modulated with tints of unspeakable softness; and the air had so much life and sweetness, that it was a pain to come within doors. What was it that nature would say? Was there no meaning in the live repose of the valley behind the mill, and which Homer or Shakespeare could not re-form for me in words? The leafless trees become spires of flame in the sunset, with the blue east for their back-ground, and the stars of the dead calices of flowers, and every withered stem and stubble rimed with frost, contribute something to the mute music.


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22 The inhabitants of cities suppose that the country landscape is pleasant only half the year. I pleased myself with the graces of the winter scenery, and believe that we are as much touched by it as by the genial influences of summer. To the attentive eye, each moment of the year has its own beauty, and in the same field, it beholds, every hour, a picture which was never seen before, and which shall never be seen again. The heavens change every moment, and reflect their glory or gloom on the plains beneath. The state of the crop in the surrounding firms alters the expression of the earth from week to week. The succession of native plants in the pastures and roadsides, which makes the silent clock by which time tells the summer hours, will make even the divisions of the day sensible to a keen observer. The tribes of birds and insects, like the plants punctual to their time, follow each other, and the year has room for all. By water-courses, the variety is greater. In July, the blue pontederia or pickerel-weed blooms in large beds in the shallow parts of our pleasant river, and swarms with yellow butterflies in continual motion. Art cannot rival this pomp of purple and gold. Indeed the river is a perpetual gala, and boasts each month a new ornament.

But this beauty of Nature which is seen and felt as beauty, is the least part. The shows of day, the dewy morning, the rainbow, mountains,


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Rh orchards in blossom, stars, moonlight, shadows in still water, and the like, if too eagerly hunted, become shows merely, and mock us with their unreality. Go out of the house to see the moon, and 't is mere tinsel; it will not please as when its light shines upon your necessary journey. The beauty that shimmers in the yellow afternoons of October, who ever could clutch it? Go forth to find it, and it is gone: 't is only a mirage as you look from the windows of diligence.

2. The presence of a higher, namely, of the spiritual element is essential to its perfection. The high and divine beauty which can be loved without effeminacy, is that which is found in combination with the human will. Beauty is the mark God sets upon virtue. Every natural action is graceful. Every heroic act is also decent, and causes the place and the bystanders to shine. We are taught by great actions that the universe is the property of every individual in it. Every rational creature has all nature for his dowry and estate. It is his, if he will. He may divest himself of it; he may creep into a corner, and abdicate his kingdom, as most men do, but he is entitled to the world by his constitution. In proportion to the energy of his thought and will, he takes up the world into himself. "All those things for which men plough, build, or sail, obey virtue;" said Sallust. "The winds and waves," said Gibbon, "are always on the