text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/236

 101 STAT. 206

PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

(2) EFFECT OF REPAYMENT.—Upon such repayment, such States and the Commission shall be free of all restrictions contained in title 23, United States Code, and any regulation or agreement thereunder, with respect to the collection or imposition of tolls or other charges for such bridge or the use thereof. (b) AGREEMENT TO CONSTRUCT 1-78 TOLL BRIDGE.—If the State of Pennsylvania, the State of New Jersey, and the Commission determine to operate the uncompleted bridge under construction in the vicinity of Easton, Pennsylvania, and Phillipsburg, New Jersey, on 1-78 as a toll bridge, such States, the Commission, and the Secretary shall enter into an agreement with respect to such 1-78 bridge project as provided in section 129 of title 23, United States Code, notwithstanding the requirements of section 301 of such title or any existing agreement. (c) RIGHT OF REVIEW BY FEDERAL AGENCIES.—The Commission's authority to fix, charge or collect any fees, rentals, tolls, or other charges shall be as provided in its compact and supplements thereto (including the supplemental agreement described in subsection (e)); except that paragraph (c) of such supplemental agreement shall not be construed to eliminate the necessity for review and approval by any Federal agency, as may be required under applicable Federal law, to determine that the tolls charged by the Commission are reasonable and just consistent with the Commission's responsibilities under such compact and supplements thereto. i (d) LIMITATIONS.— (1) No TOLLS ON EXISTING NONTOLL BRIDGES.—Nothing

in this section shall be construed to grant congressional consent to the imposition of tolls by the Commission on any existing and operating bridge under the Commission's jurisdiction on which tolls were not charged and collected on January 1, 1986. (2) NONAPPUCABILITY TO 1-895 CORRIDOR.—Nothing in this section shall constitute congressional approval to construct any additional toll bridge in the previously designated 1-895 corridor.

(e) SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT.— (1) CONSENT OF CONGRESS.—The consent of the Congress is

hereby given to the supplemental agreement, described in paragraph (2), concerning the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission, which agreement has been enacted by the State of Pennsylvania on December 18, 1984, as Act 206, laws of 1984, and by the State of New Jersey on October 21, 1985, as Public Law 1985, chapter 342. (2) DESCRIPTION OF AGREEMENT.—The agreement referred to

in paragraph (1) reads substantially as follows: « if

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text:
Page:A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.pdf/44

502 The equations of electric currents (C) remain as before.

The equations of electric elasticity (E) will be

{{MathForm2|(82)|$$\left.\begin{array}{l} P=4\pi a^{2}f,\\ Q=4\pi b^{2}g,\\ R=4\pi c^{2}h,\end{array}\right\} $$}}

where $$4\pi a^{2}$$, $$4\pi b^{2}$$, and $$4\pi c^{2}$$ are the values of $$k$$ for the axes of $$x, y, z$$.

Combining these equations with (A) and (D), we get equations of the form

(104) If $$l, m, n$$ are the directions-cosines of the wave, and V its velocity, and if

then F, G, H, and $$\Psi$$ will be functions of w, and if we put F', G', H', $$\Psi'$$ for the second differentials of these quantities with respect to $$w$$, the equations will be

{{MathForm2|(85)|$$\left.\begin{array}{l} \left(V^{2}-a^{2}\left(\frac{m^{2}}{\nu}+\frac{n^{2}}{\mu}\right)\right)F'+\frac{a^{2}lm}{\nu}G'+\frac{a^{2}ln}{\mu}H'-lV\Psi'=0,\\ \\\left(V^{2}-b^{2}\left(\frac{n^{2}}{\lambda}+\frac{l^{2}}{\nu}\right)\right)G'+\frac{b^{2}mn}{\lambda}H'+\frac{b^{2}ml}{\nu}F'-mV\Psi'=0,\\ \\\left(V^{2}-c^{2}\left(\frac{l^{2}}{\mu}+\frac{m^{2}}{\lambda}\right)\right)H'+\frac{c^{2}nl}{\mu}F'+\frac{c^{2}nm}{\lambda}G'-nV\Psi'=0.\end{array}\right\} $$}}

If we now put

{{MathForm2|(86)|$$\left.\begin{array}{r} V^{4}-V^{2}\frac{1}{\lambda\mu\nu}\left\{ l^{2}\lambda\left(b^{2}\mu+c^{2}\nu\right)+m^{2}\mu\left(c^{2}\nu+a^{2}\lambda\right)+n^{2}\nu\left(a^{2}\lambda+b^{2}\mu\right)\right\} \\ \\+\frac{a^{2}b^{2}c^{2}}{\lambda\mu\nu}\left(\frac{l^{2}}{a^{2}}+\frac{m^{2}}{b^{2}}+\frac{n^{2}}{c^{2}}\right)\left(l^{2}\lambda+m^{2}\mu+n^{2}\nu\right)=U,\end{array}\right\} $$}}

and shall find

with two similar equations for G' and H'. Hence either

or

The third supposition indicates that the resultant of F', G', H' is in the direction normal to the plane of the wave; but the equations do not indicate that such a disturbance, if possible, could be propagated, as we have no other relation between $$\Psi'$$ and F, G', H'.

The solution $$V=0$$ refers to a case in which there is no propagation.

The solution $$U=0$$ gives two values for $$V^2$$ corresponding to values of F, G', H', which

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/237

 PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

101 STAT. 207

"SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA AND THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY "SUPPLEMENTING THE COMPACT OR AGREEMENT ENTITLED 'AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA AND THE STATE OF N E W JERSEY CREATING THE DELAWARE RIVER JOINT TOLL BRIDGE COMMISSION AS A BODY CORPORATE AND POLITIC AND DEFINING ITS POWERS AND DUTIES, AS HERETOFORE AMENDED AND SUPPLEMENTED, TO ESTABLISH THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH THE COMMISSION MAY FIX, CHARGE, AND COLLECT TOLLS, RATES, RENTS, AND OTHER CHARGES FOR THE USE OF COMMISSION FACILITIES AND PROPERTIES'

"The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the State of New Jersey do solemnly covenant and agree, each with the other, as follows: "(a)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of the compact hereby supplemented, or any provision of law, State or Federal to the contrary, as soon as the existing outstanding bonded indebtedness of the commission shall be refunded, defeased, retired, or otherwise satisfied and thereafter, the commission may fix, charge, and collect tolls, rates, rents, and other charges for the use of any commission facility or property and in addition to any purpose now or heretofore or hereafter authorized for which the revenues from such tolls, rates, rents, or other charges may be applied, the commission is authorized to apply or expend any such revenue for the management, operation, maintenance, betterment, reconstruction, or replacement (A) of the existing non-toll bridges, formerly toll or otherwise, over the Delaware River between the State of New Jersey and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania heretofore acquired by the commission pursuant to the provisions of the act of the State of New Jersey approved April 1, 1912 (Chapter 297), and all supplements and amendments thereto, and the act of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania approved May 8, 1919 (Pamphlet Laws 148), and all supplements and amendments thereto, and (B) of all other bridges within the commission's jurisdiction and control. Betterment shall include but not be limited to parking areas for public transportation services and all facilities appurtenant to approved projects. "(2) The commission may borrow money or otherwise incur indebtedness and provide from time to time for the issuance of its bonds or other obligations for one or more of the purposes authorized in this supplemental agreement. The commission is authorized to pledge its tolls, rates, rents, and other revenues, or any part thereof, as security for the repayment, with interest, of any moneys borrowed by it or advanced to it for any of its authorized purposes, and as security for the satisfaction of any other obligation assumed by it in connection with such loan or advances. "(3) The authority of the commission to fix, charge, and collect fees, rentals, tolls or any other charges on the bridges within its jurisdiction, including the bridge at the Delaware Water Gap, is confirmed. "(4) The covenants of the State of New Jersey and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as set forth in Article VI of the compact to which this is a supplemental agreement shall be fully applicable to any bonds or other obligations issued or undertaken by the commission. Notwithstanding Article VI or any other provision of the

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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/238

 101 STAT. 208

PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

compact, the State of New Jersey and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania may construct a bridge across the Delaware River in the vicinity of Easton, Pennsylvania, and Phillipsburg, New Jersey, within ten miles of the existing toll bridge at that location. All the rest and remainder of the compact, as amended or supplemented, shall be in full force and effect except to the extent it is inconsistent with this supplemental agreement. "(b) The commission is authorized to fix, charge, or collect fees, rentals, tolls, or any other charges on the proposed bridge to be constructed in the vicinity of Easton, Pennsylvania, and Phillipsburg, New Jersey, in the same manner and to the same extent that it can do so for other toll bridges under its jurisdiction and control: Provided, That the United States Government has approved the bridge to be a part of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways with 90 per centum of the cost of construction to be contributed by the United States Government: And provided further, That the non-Federal share of such bridge project is contributed by the commission. The commission is further authorized in the same manner and to the same extent that it can do so for all the other toll bridges under its jurisdiction and control to fix, charge, and collect fees, rentals, tolls or any other charges on any other bridge within its jurisdiction and control if such bridge has been constructed in part with Federal funds. "(c) The consent of Congress to this compact shall constitute Federal approval of the powers herein vested in the commission and shall also constitute authority to the United States Department of Transportation or any successor agency and the intent of Congress to grant and Federal approvals required hereunder to permit the commission to fix, charge, and collect fees, rentals, tolls, or any other charges on the bridges within its jurisdiction to the extent provided in subsections (a) and (b) and this subsection and the compact. "(d) Notwithstanding the above provisions, the commission shall not fix, charge, or collect fees, rentals, tolls, or any other charges on any of the various bridges formerly toll or otherwise over the Delaware River between the State of New Jersey and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania heretofore acquired by the commission pursuant to the provisions of the act of the State of New Jersey approved April 1, 1912 (chapter 297), and all supplements and amendments thereto, and the act of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania approved May 8, 1919 (Pamphlet Laws 148), and all supplements and amendments thereto. "(e) At any time that the commission shall be free of all outstanding indebtedness, the State of New Jersey and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania may, by the enactment of substantially similar acts, require the elimination of all tolls, rates, rents, and other charges on all bridges within the commission's jurisdiction and control and, thereafter, all costs and charges in connection with the construction, management, operation, maintenance, and betterment of bridges within the jurisdiction and control of the commission shall be the financial responsibility of the States as provided by law.". SEC. 152. PROHIBITION ON WIDENING HISTORIC DISTRICT.

Ohio.

CERTAIN

ROUTES

THROUGH

None of the funds authorized by this Act or any other Act or any amendment made by this Act may be obligated for a project to widen any State route through the historic district of the village of

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/239

 PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

101 STAT. 209

Hudson, Ohio, or for a project to construct an alternative or bypass route for such a route within 1 mile of such historic district, unless specifically approved by the village council of the village of Hudson, Ohio. SEC. 153. URBAN HIGH DENSITY PROGRAM.

Of amounts available under the urban high density program, $2,806,675 is rescinded. $2,806,675 shall be made available out of the Highway Trust Fund by the Secretary for reconstruction of an interchange on an urban high density project designated in the State of Indiana in accordance with section 146 of title 23, United States Code (as such section was in effect on August 13, 1978).

Indiana.

SEC. 154. SIGNS IDENTIFYING FUNDING SOURCES.

23 USC 101 note.

If a State has a practice of erecting on projects under actual construction without Federal-aid highway assistance signs which indicate the source or sources of any funds used to carry out such projects, such State shall erect on all projects under actual construction with any funds made available out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) signs which are visible to highway users and which indicate each governmental source of funds being used to carry out such federally assisted projects and the amount of funds being made available by each such source.

J d U 8ii

.atioooS

SEC. 155. SALVAGE OPERATION.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the State of Massachusetts is required— (1) to assist and coordinate the salvaging of the foundation and associated structures of the historic Great House in City Square, Charlestown, Massachusetts; (2) to store the salvaged material during the depression and reconstruction of an interstate highway in Charlestown, Massachusetts; and (3) to assist and coordinate the incorporation of the Great House's foundation and related structures into the reconstruction of City Square at Charlestown, Massachusetts.

Massachusetts.

te: iO!;:>8U-

SEC. 156. RELEASE OF CONDITION RELATING TO CONVEYANCE OF A CERTAIN HIGHWAY.

Notwithstanding paragraph (1) of subsection (b) of section 146 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1739) and any agreement entered into under such subsection, no conveyance of any road or portion thereof shall be required to be made under such paragraph or agreement to the State of Maryland and the State of Maryland shall not be required to accept conveyance of any such road or portion. Funds authorized by such section may be obligated and expended without regard to any requirement of such paragraph or agreement that such conveyance be made. SEC. 157. MARYLAND INTERSTATE TRANSFER. Section 7 of the Act entitled "An Act to apportion certain funds for construction of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways for fiscal year 1985 and to increase the amount authorized to be expended for emergency relief under title 23, United States Code, and for other purposes", approved March 9, 1984 (98 Stat. 5556), is amended— (1) in the first sentence by inserting "not to exceed" before "$100,000,000";

Maryland.

'Of r>cU f£

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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/240

 101 STAT. 210

PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987 (2) in the second sentence by striking out "$100,000,000" and inserting in lieu thereof "an amount equal to the amount of T such funds''; and (3) in the third sentence by striking out "$100,000,000" and inserting in lieu thereof "an amount equal to the amount of funds transferred under this section".

23 USC 127 note.

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Reports.

Ati9e;i i.H«a.M

23 USC 101 note.

^«f viM " ' *

23 USC 101 note.

SEC. 158. MOTOR VEHICLE STUDY.

(a) STUDY.—The Secretary shall enter into appropriate arrangements with the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "Board") to conduct a study of those motor vehicle issues set forth in 8. subsection (b) of this section. The Board shall consult with the Department of Transportation, the State highway administrations, the motor carrier industry, highway safety groups, and any other appropriate entities. (b) ITEMS INCLUDED.—The study shall include an analysis of the impacts of the various positions that have been put forth with respect to each issue. The final report shall include best estimates of the effects on pavement, bridges, highway revenue and cost responsibility, and highway safety, and the changes in transportation costs and other mesisures of productivity for various segments of the trucking industry resulting from adoption of each of the positions identified and analyzed. Related issues of permitting, weight enforcement, and data availability and reliability shall be addressed as appropriate. The issues to be addressed shall include but not be limited to the following: (1) Elimination of existing, grandfather provisions of section 127, title 23, United States Code, which allow higher axle loads " limit, 34,000-pound tandem axle load limit, and 80,000-pound ^ gross vehicle weight limit maximums authorized by the FederalAid Highway Amendments of 1974 (Public Law 93-643), including permits for divisible loads and statutory provisions providing higher weights by formula, tolerance or statutory I. specification. (2) Analysis of alternative methods of determining a gross lo vehicle weight limit and axle loadings for all types of motor carrier vehicles. (3) Analysis of the bridge formula contained in section 127 of such title 23 in view of current vehicle configurations, pavement and bridge stresses in accord with 1986 design and construction practices, and existing bridges on and off the Interstate System. (4) Establishment of a nationwide policy regarding the provisions of "reasonable access" to the National Network for combination vehicles established pursuant to the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982. (5) Recommendation of appropriate treatment for specialized hauling vehicles which do not comply with the existing Federal bridge formula. (c) REPORT.—The Board shall submit a final report to the Secretary and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives on the results of the study conducted under this section, not later than 30 months after appropriate arrangements are entered into under subsection (a). Appropriate
 * ^^ and gross vehicle weights than the 20,000-pound single axle load

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/241

 PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

101 STAT. 211

arrangements shall be concluded within 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act. (d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account), $500,000 per fiscal year for each of fiscal years 1987 and 1988. Funds authorized by this section shall be available for obligation in the same manner and to the same extent as if such funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, and shall remain available until 23 USC lOl expended. «^ ««9SEC. 159. RAIL-HIGHWAY CROSSINGS STUDY.

,.,

23 USC 130 note.

(a) STUDY.—The Secretary shall conduct a study of national highway-railroad crossing improvement and maintenance needs. The Secretary shall consult with the State highway administrations, the Association of American Railroads, highway safety groups, and any other appropriate entities in carrying out this study. Ob) ITEMS INCLUDED.—The issues to be addressed by the study

described in subsection (a) shall include, but not be limited to, the following: (1) An examination of any correlation which may exist between existing conditions at highway-railroad crossings and accident data at such crossings. (2) An examination of existing hsizards to motorists and railroad personnel and community impacts resulting from mobility and capacity constraints at such crossings including delays of police, fire, and emergency medical services. (3) An analysis of the most cost effective methods of protecting the public at crossings including a review of the impact of Federal funds expended at crossings; division of cost of improvements and maintenance between Federal, State, local governments and railroads; cost effectiveness of the railroad relocation demonstration program conducted under section 163 of the Federal-Aid Highways Act of 1973 as compared to the railroad- 23 USC 130 note, highway crossings program conducted under section 130 of title 23, United States Code; and the cost of upgrading existing equipment at crossings to the latest technology. (4) An examination of driver behavior at such crossings and what technologies are most effective in changing behavior and preventing accidents. (5) An examination of what effect the shift in rail traffic patterns, including abandonments, mergers, and increased demand in certain corridors) has on railroad-highway crossing needs. (6) A review of any other potential costs associated with such crossings, including accident liability, increased truck size and weight, and maintenance responsibilities. (7) An examination of railroad and highway needs relating to crossing safety, capacity, and mobility and the needs of communities affected by railroad-highway crossings. (8) An examination of the feasibility of addressing these needs on a corridor or system basis. (9) An examination of the responsibility of rail and highway authorities in addressing these needs. (c) REPORT.—Not later than 24 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a final report to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and

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Page:A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.pdf/45

Rh are given by the equations

(105) The velocities along the axes are as follows: –

$\begin{array}{lccccc} \mathrm{Direction\ of\ propagation} & & & x & y & z\\ & & x &  & \frac{a^{2}}{\nu} & \frac{a^{2}}{\nu}\\ Direction\ of\ the\ electric\ displacements & & y & \frac{b^{2}}{\nu} &  & \frac{b^{2}}{\lambda}\\ & & z & \frac{c^{2}}{\nu} & \frac{c^{2}}{\lambda}\end{array}$|undefined

Now we know that in each principal plane of a crystal the ray polarized in that plane obeys the ordinary law of refraction, and therefore its velocity is the same in whatever direction in that plane it is propagated.

If polarized light consists of electromagnetic disturbances in which the electric displacement is in the plane of polarization, then

If, on the contrary, the electric displacements are perpendicular to the plane of polarization,

We know, from the magnetic experiments of, , &c, that in many crystals $$\lambda,\mu,\nu$$ are unequal.

The experiments of Magazine on electric induction through crystals seem to show that $$a, b$$ and $$c$$, may be different.

The inequality, however, of $$\lambda,\mu,\nu$$ is so small that great magnetic forces are required to indicate their difference, and the differences do not seem of sufficient magnitude to account for the double refraction of the crystals.

On the other hand, experiments on electric induction are liable to error on account of minute flaws, or portions of conducting matter in the crystal.

Further experiments on the magnetic and dielectric properties of crystals are required before we can decide whether the relation of these bodies to magnetic and electric forces is the same, when these forces are permanent as when they are alternating with the rapidity of the vibrations of light.


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/242

 101 STAT. 212

PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

xQl J" ij 23 USC 101 e^ seq-

the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives on the results of the study conducted under this section along with recommendations of how crossing needs can be addressed in a cost effective manner. (d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account), $600,000 for 1987. Funds authorized by this section shall be available for obligation in ^j^g same manner and to the same extent as if such funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, and shall remain available until expended.

23 USC 144 note.

SEC. 160. STUDY OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES WHICH CROSS RAIL LINES.

.e.jOfi OKI' ^t?

(a) NEEDS INVESTIGATION.—The Secretary shall conduct a comprehensive study and investigation of improvement and maintenance needs for highway bridges which cross rail lines and whose ownership has been disputed. Such study and investigation shall assess— (1) railroad and highway needs relating to safety, capacity, and mobility and the needs of communities affected by such V bridges; (2) the feasibility of addressing these needs on a comprehensive, national basis; and (3) the responsibility of railroad and highway authorities in • addressing these needs. (b) REPORT.—Not later than 30 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives a report on the Secretary's study and investigation along with recommendations on how the bridge needs referred to in subsection (a) may best be addressed on a long term basis in a cost-effective manner. .;i

23 USC 402 note.

SEC. 161. PARKING FOR HANDICAPPED PERSONS.

i)

(a) STUDY.—The Secretary shall conduct a study for the purpose of determining— (1) any problems encountered by handicapped persons in parking motor vehicles; and (2) whether or not each State should establish parking privileges for handicapped persons and grant to nonresidents of the State the same parking privileges as are granted to residents. (h) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives a report on the results of the study conducted under subsection (a). (c) DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSED UNIFORM STATE LAW.—

(1) REQUIREMENT.—If the Secretary determines under subsection (a) that each State should establish parking privileges for handicapped persons and grant to nonresidents of the State the same parking privileges as are granted to residents, the Secretary shall develop a proposed uniform State law with respect ^^" to parking privileges for handicapped persons and submit a ' copy of the proposed uniform State law to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Commit-

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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/243

 PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

101 STAT. 213

tee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives and each State. (2) FACTORS TO CONSIDER.—In developing the proposed uni, form State law, the Secretary shall consult with the States and shall consider any advantages— (A) of ensuring that parking privileges for handicapped persons may be utilized whether a handicapped person is a passenger or a driver; (B) of the use of the international symbol of access as the exclusive symbol identifying parking zones for handicapped persons and identifying vehicles that may park in such parking zones; (C) of displaying the international symbol of access on license plates or license plate decals and on identification ti; placards; and (D) of designing any identification placard so that the placard is easily visible when placed in the interior of any vehicle. (3) REPORT.—If a proposed uniform State law with respect to parking privileges for handicapped persons is developed and submitted to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives under paragraph (1), within 12 months after the date of such submission and each year thereafter, the Secretary shall report to such committees on the extent to which each State has adopted the proposed uniform State law. SEC. 162. BRIDGE MANAGEMENT STUDY. (a) INVESTIGATION AND STUDY.—The Secretary shall make a full and complete investigation and study of State bridge management programs for the purpose of determining whether or not States participating in the Federal bridge replacement and rehabilitation program under section 144 of title 23, United States Code, need to establish a comprehensive bridge management program. (b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives a report on the results of the investigation and study conducted under subsection (a) together with recommendations (including legislative and administrative recommendations) concerning State establishment of comprehensive bridge management programs and any minimum requirements of such programs which the Secretary considers appropriate based on the findings of such investigation and study. SEC. 163. STATE MAINTENANCE PROGRAM STUDY.

(a) INVESTIGATION AND STUDY.—The Secretary shall enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a complete investigation of the appropriateness of establishing minimum Federal guidelines for maintenance of the Federal-aid primary, secondary, and urban systems. (b) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after entering into appropriate arrangements under subsection (a), the National Academy of Sciences shall submit to the Secretary and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives a

^, '" ^

\,;

23 USC 116 note.

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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/244

 101 STAT. 214

PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

report on the results of the investigation and study conducted under subsection (a) together with recommendations (including legislative and administrative recommendations) concerning establishment of minimum Federal guidelines for maintenance of the Federal-aid primary, secondary, and urban systems. SEC. 164. FEASIBILITY STUDY OF USING HIGHWAY ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEMS.

23 USC 101 et seq.

(a) GRANT PURPOSE.—The Secretary shall make a grant to the California Department of Transportation for the purpose of determining the feasibility and applicability of utilizing a highway electrification system as a source of energy for highway vehicles. Such grant shall cover the costs of activities necessary to make such determination, including (but not limited to) necessary land acquisition, construction of a test facility, research, planning, analysis, and engineering. (b) GRANT CONDITIONS.—A grant may only be made under this section if the California Department of Transportation agrees— (1) to conduct, through the test facility to be constructed under such grant, a study to determine the feasibility and applicability of using a highway electrification system as a source of energy for highway vehicles; and (2) to submit to the Secretary a report on the results of such study not later than three years after the date such construction is completed. (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out subsection (a) of this section, out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account), $970,000 per fiscal year for each of fiscal years 1987, 1988, and 1989. (d) FUNDING AND APPLICABILITY OF TITLE 23.—Except as provided in subsection (e), funds authorized by this section shall be available for obligation in the same manner and to the same extent as if such funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, and such funds shall remain available until expended. (e) FEDERAL SHARE.—The Federal share of the cost of conducting the study under this section shall not exceed 65 percent. SEC. 165. COST EFFECTIVENESS STUDY OF HIGHWAY UPGRADING.

Pennsylvania. New York. New York.

(a) STUDY.—The Secretary shall conduct a study— (1) to determine the cost-effectiveness of carrying out a project to upgrade Route 219— (A) between its intersection with Interstate Route 1-80 near Dubois, Pennsylvania, and its intersection with the „P boundary between New York and Pennsylvania near Bradford, Pennsylvania; and (B) between its intersection with New York Route 242 near Ellicottville, New York, and its intersection with New York Route 17 (Southern Tier Expressway) in Salamanca, New York; National System of Interstate and Defense Highways; (2) to determine the feasibility of partially financing such project with toll revenues, of using reclaimed strip mining lands for right-of-way for such project, and of avoiding encroachment upon national and State forests and State game lands in carrying out such project; and
 * ,/; to the geometric and construction standards adopted for the

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text:
Page:A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.pdf/46

504 Relation between Electric Resistance and Transparency.

(106) If the medium, instead of being a perfect insulator, is a conductor whose resistance per unit of volume is $$\rho$$, then there will be not only electric displacements, but true currents of conduction in which electrical energy is transformed into heat, and the undulation is thereby weakened. To determine the coefficient of absorption, let us investigate the propagation along the axis of $$x$$ of the transverse disturbance G.

By the former equations

If G is of the form

we find that

where V is the velocity of light in air, and $$i$$ is the index of refraction. The proportion of incident light transmitted through the thickness $$x$$ is

Let R be the resistance in electromagnetic measure of a plate of the substance whose thickness is $$x$$, breadth $$b$$, and length $$l$$, then

(107) Most transparent solid bodies are good insulators, whereas all good conductors are very opaque.

Electrolytes allow a current to pass easily and yet are often very transparent. We may suppose, however, that in the rapidly alternating vibrations of light, the electromotive forces act for so short a time that they are unable to effect a complete separation between the particles in combination, so that when the force is reversed the particles oscillate into their former position without loss of energy.

Gold, silver, and platinum are good conductors, and yet when reduced to sufficiently thin plates they allow light to pass through them. If the resistance of gold is the same for electromotive forces of short period as for those with which we make experiments, the amount of light which passes through a piece of gold-leaf, of which the resistance was determined by Mr., would be only $$10^{-50}$$ of the incident light, a totally imperceptible quantity. I find that between $$\tfrac{1}{500}$$ and $$\tfrac{1}{1000}$$ green light gets through


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/245

 PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

101 STAT. 215

(3) to determine the alignment on which such project should be carried out. (b) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives on the results of the study conducted under this section together with any recommendations the Secretary may have concerning the project described in subsection (a). (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated, out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out this section $650,000 for fiscal year 1987. (d) FUNDING AND APPLICABILITY OF TITLE 23.—Funds authorized by this section shall be available for obligation in the same manner and to the same extent as if such funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, except that the Federal share of the 23 USC loi cost of conducting the study under this section shall not exceed 65 ^t seq. percent and such funds shall remain available until expended. SEC. 166. HIGHWAY FEASIBILITY STUDY.

(a) STUDY.—The Secretary, in cooperation with the States of Lou- Louisiana, isiana, Arkansas, and Missouri, shall study the feasibility and neces- ^^^i^f^'^f^sity of constructing to appropriate standards a proposed highway Missouri. along a route from Shreveport, Louisiana, to Texarkana, Fort Smith, and Fayetteville, Arkansas, and Carthage and Kansas City, Missouri. Such study shall update the feasibility study conducted under section 143(6) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973. 87 Stat. 272. (b) FEDERAL SHARE.—The Federal share of the cost of conducting the study under this section shall be 65 percent. (c) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives a report on the results of the study conducted under this section. SEC. 167. CALIFORNIA FEASIBILITY STUDY.

(a) STUDY.—The Secretary shall study the feasibility and necessity of constructing a bypass highway around the city of Sebastopol, California. (b) REPORT.—Not later than 9 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives a report on the results of the study conducted under this section. Such report shall compare the costs and benefits of constructing the highway referred to in subsection (a) and shall include the recommendations of the Secretary concerning the location of such highway and appropriate design standards for such highway. (c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATION.—There is authorized to be appropriated, out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account), to carry out this section $100,000 for fiscal year 1987. (d) FUNDING AND APPLICABILITY OF TITLE 23.—Funds authorized by this section shall be available for obligation in the same manner and to the same extent as if such funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, except that the Federal share of the 23 USC lOi et seq.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/246

 101 STAT. 216

PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987 cost of conducting the study under this section shall not exceed 65 percent and such funds shall remain available until expended. SEC. 168. NEW YORK FEASIBILITY STUDY.

- ' ''

(a) STUDY.—The Secretary shall study the feasibility and necessity of constructing a major highway on an inland route as an alternative to New York Route 5 from the central business district of Buffalo, New York, to the towns immediately south of Buffalo, New York. (b) FEDERAL SHARE.—The Federal share of the cost of conducting the study under this section shall be 65 percent. (c) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives on the results of the study conducted under this section together with any recommendations the Secretary may have concerning the project described in subsection (a)., ^.^ ^ ^. ^ SEC. 169. FLORIDA FEASIBILITY STUDY.

(a) STUDY.—The Secretary, in cooperation with the State of Flor* ida, shall conduct a study of the feasibility and necessity of constructing, to appropriate standards, a tunnel of not less than 6 lanes (including approaches thereto) under the Intracoastal Waterway in the vicinity of, and north of, the Port Everglades Seaport in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, to replace a bridge on a State highway system and designated as part of the Federal-aid urban system. ^iS,+si8^8 O> MATTERS INCLUDED.—The study conducted under this section t) shall include— (1) an analysis of the need to reduce the congestion on the bridge referred to in subsection (a); ^r (2) an analysis of the extent to which the tunnel described in subsection (a) would reduce such congestion; (3) an analysis of the extent to which such tunnel would improve navigation and the flow of vessels on the Intracoastal Waterway; (4) an analysis of the extent to which such tunnel would improve safety and emergency services, including emergency evacuation programs; . jy (5) if appropriate, an analysis of alternative transportation 00 facilities which would relieve the congestion on such bridge; and (6) an analysis of feasible proposals for financing the construction of such tunnel and, if appropriate, each such alternative transportation facility, including cost estimates, recommendations as to the sharing of cost responsibilities, and other pertinent matters. (c) FEDERAL SHARE.—The Federal share of the cost of conducting the study under this section shall be 65 percent. (d) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives a report on the results of the study conducted under this section together with recommendations, including specific recommendations on the best method or methods of relieving the congestion on or ')au 8S the bridge referred to in subsection (a). .':^'jv; v-^

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Page:A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.pdf/47

Rh such gold-leaf. Much of this is transmitted through holes and cracks; there is enough, however, transmitted through the gold itself to give a strong green hue to the transmitted light. This result cannot be reconciled with the electromagnetic theory of light, unless we suppose that there is less loss of energy when the electromotive forces are reversed with the rapidity of the vibrations of light than when they act for sensible times, as in our experiments.

Absolute Values of the Electromotive and Magnetic Forces called into play in the Propagation of Light.

(108) If the equation of propagation of light is

$F=A\cos\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}(z-Vt)$

the electromotive force will be

$P=-A\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}V\sin\frac{2\pi}{\lambda}(z-Vt);$

and the energy per unit of volume will be

$\frac{P^{2}}{8\pi\mu V^{2}}$|undefined

where P represents the greatest value of the electromotive force. Half of this consists of magnetic and half of electric energy.

The energy passing through a unit of area is

$W=\frac{P^{2}}{8\pi\mu V}$|undefined

so that

$P=\sqrt{8\pi\mu VW}$

where V is the velocity of light, and W is the energy communicated to unit of area by the light in a second.

According to 's data, as calculated by Professor, the mechanical value of direct sunlight at the Earth is

83.4 foot-pounds per second per square foot.

This gives the maximum value of P in direct sunlight at the Earth's distance from the Sun,

P=60,000,000,

or about 600 's cells per metre.

At the Sun's surface the value of P would be about

13,000 's cells per metre.

At the Earth the maximum magnetic force would be .193.

At the Sun it would be 4.13.

These electromotive and magnetic forces must be conceived to be reversed twice in every vibration of light; that is, more than a thousand million million times in a second.


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/247

 PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

101 STAT. 217

(e) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out each phase of the study under this section, the Secretary shall consult with local officials, representatives of local civic organizations, representatives of the port, representatives of local businesses, and other interested parties.

^^^^•"' '" '^ ^'

SEC. 170. VIRGIN ISLANDS FEASIBILITY STUDY.

(a) REVIEW.—The Secretary, in cooperation with the Virgin Islands Department of Public Works, shall review existing studies relating to traffic congestion in and around Charlotte Amalie, Virgin Islands, for the purpose of determining feasible alternatives to construction of any highway which extends eastward from the vicinity of the Windward Passage Hotel on the western fringe of Charlotte Amalie and a segment of which parallels the existing Charlotte Amalie waterfront and requires extensive landfill along the waterfront. Such alternatives must reduce traffic congestion in and around Charlotte Amalie. (b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall report to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives on the results of the review under this subsection.

-.t q ^i;,^..

SEC. 171. STUDY OF FERRY BOAT SERVICE.

(a) STUDY.—The Secretary, in consultation with the highway Nebraska. departments of the States of Nebraska and South Dakota, shall South Dakota, conduct a study to determine the feasibility and cost of establishing public ferry boat service on the Missouri River which connects a Federal-aid highway in the vicinity of Niobrara, Nebraska, with a Federal-aid highway in the vicinity of Springfield, South Dakota, and which meets the requirements of section 129(g) of title 23, United States Code. Ob) FEDERAL SHARE.—The Federal share of the cost of conducting the study under this section shall be 65 percent. .vmiic (c) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives on the results of the study conducted under this section together with any recommendations the Secretary may have concerning the establishment of the ferry boat service described in subsection (a). SEC. 172. REVIEW OF REPORTS ON UNITED STATES ROUTE 13 RELIEF ROUTE.

The Congress requests the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors of the United States Army Corps of Engineers to review— (1) the report of the State of Delaware and the Federal i Highway Administration for the United States Route 13 Relief • Route; Project No. F-1001(16), Contract No. 83-110-01; (2) the report of the Chief of Engineers on the Inland Waterway from the Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Delaware and ' Maryland, printed as House Document Numbered 63-196; and (3) other subsequent reports pertinent to the reports referred to in paragraphs (1) and (2); for the purpose of determining how to best modify the existing canal project to provide a new structure for the selected alignment of the United States Route 13 Relief Route.

8SIS -im-; bi

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/248

 101 STAT. 218 23 USC 307 note.

Ante, p. 167.

PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987 SEC. 173. USE OF ROCK SALT ON HIGHWAYS.

It is the sense of Congress— (1) that, to enhance environmental protection, and mitigate potential damages to highways and vehicles, Congress encourages efforts to advance the research and development of alternative chemical de-icers to rock salt; (2) that Congress encourages research on alternative chemical de-icers to rock salt under the strategic highway research program under section 307(d) of title 23, United States Code; and (3) that once alternative de-icers are commercially available, the full cost of all de-icing materials, including damages to highways, vehicles, and the environment, should be considered ? by State and local governments in determining their snow and ice control strategies. SEC. 174. 55-MILES PER HOUR SPEED LIMIT.

'i

Hg w y Safety ih a Act of 1987. 23 USC 401 note.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection 154(a) of title 23, United States Code, is amended— (1) by inserting "other than a highway on the Interstate System located outside of an urbanized area of 50,000 population or more, (2) a maximum speed limit on any highway within its jurisdiction on the Interstate System located outside of an urbanized area of 50,000 population or more in excess of 65 miles per hour" immediately after "hour"; and (2) by renumbering "(2)" as "(3)" at the two places "(2)" appears. (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Subsection 154(f) of title 23, United States Code, is amended by inserting "on public highways with speed limits posted at 55 miles per hour" immediately after "hour'"

TITLE II—HIGHWAY SAFETY ACT OF 1987 SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the "Highway Safety Act of 1987". SEC. 202. HIGHWAY SAFETY.

(a) AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS.—The following sums are authorized to be appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account): (1) NHTSA HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAMS.—For carrying out section 402 of title 23, United States Code, by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration $126,000,000 for fiscal years 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. (2) N H T S A HIGHWAY SAFETY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—

96 Stat. 2138.

For carrying out section 403 of such title by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration $33,000,000 for fiscal years 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. OJ) EXTENSION OF NHTSA HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAMS FOR FISCAL YEAR 1987.—Section 203(a) of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 is amended— (1) in paragraph (1) by striking out "and" and by inserting before the period at the end of such paragraph ", and $126,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1987";

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/249

 PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

101 STAT. 219

(2) in paragraph (2) by striking out "and" and by inserting "and September 30, 1987" after "1986,"; and (3) in paragraph (4)(B) by striking out "and September 30, 1986," and inserting in lieu thereof "September 30, 1986, and September 30, 1987,". (c) MINIMUM OBLIGATIONS OF N H T S A HIGHWAY SAFETY AUTHORIZATIONS.— (1) ENFORCEMENT OF SPEED LIMIT.—Out of the funds au-

" _ i

thorized to be appropriated under subsection (a)(3) of this section for each of fiscal years 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991, not less than $20,000,000 per fiscal year shall be obligated under section 402 of title 23, United States Code, for the purpose of enforcing the speed limit established by section 154 of such title. (2) SAFETY BELT PROGRAMS.—Each State shall expend in each Motor vehicles. fiscal year not less than 2 percent of the amount apportioned to it for such fiscal year of the sums authorized by subsection (a)(3) of this section, for programs to encourage the use of safety belts by drivers of, and passengers in, motor vehicles. (d) OBLIGATION CEILING FOR HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAMS.—Not-

withstanding any other provision of law, the total of all obligations for highway safety programs carried out by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration under section 402 of title 23, United States Code, shall not exceed $121,000,000 for fiscal year 1987 and $126,000,000 per fiscal year for each of fiscal years 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991. SEC. 203. ALCOHOL TRAFFIC SAFETY PROGRAMS. (a) PERIOD OF ELIGIBILITY.—Section 408(c) of title 23, United States Code, is amended— (1) in the first sentence by striking out "three" and inserting in lieu thereof "5"; and (2) in the second sentence by striking out "third fiscal year" a* and inserting in lieu thereof "third, fourth, and fifth fiscal years". Ob) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Section 408(g) of title 23, United States Code, is amended by inserting before the period at the end of the second sentence the following: "and except that sums authorized by this subsection shall remain available until expended".

,.%;.-

(c) DEMONSTRATION OF CERTAIN DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING TECHNOLOGY.—

r ^•' -^ -^

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary is authorized— (A) to test a new drug and alcohol testing technology which measures corneal retinal potential as exhibited in the brain function wave form; and (B) to test the application of ignition interlock devices Motor vehicles. that prohibit the operation of motor vehicles by intoxicated individuals; to determine the potential for applying such technology and devices in preventing drug and alcohol related traffic deaths. (2) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall report to Congress on the effectiveness and the potential for application of the technology and devices described in paragraph (1).

SEC. 204. SCHOOLBUS SAFETY MEASURES. (a) STUDY.—

23 USC 402 note.

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Page:A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.pdf/48

506 PART VII. — CALCULATION OF THE COEFFICIENTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION.

General Methods.

(109) The electromagnetic relations between two conducting circuits, A and B, depend upon a function M of their form and relative position, as has been already shown.

M may be calculated in several different ways, which must of course all lead to the same result.

First Method. M is the electromagnetic momentum of the circuit B when A carries a unit current, or

$M=\int\left(F\frac{dx}{ds'}+G\frac{dy}{ds'}+H\frac{dz}{ds'}\right)ds'$

where F, G, H are the components of electromagnetic momentum due to a unit current in A, and $$ds'$$ is an element of length of B, and the integration is performed round the circuit of B.

To find F, G, H, we observe that by (B) and (C)

$\frac{d^{2}F}{dx^{2}}+\frac{d^{2}F}{dy^{2}}+\frac{d^{2}F}{dz^{2}}=-4\pi\mu p'$|undefined

with corresponding equations for G and H, $$p', q'$$, and $$r'$$ being the components of the current in A.

Now if we consider only a single element $$ds$$ of A, we shall have

$p'=\frac{dx}{ds}ds,\ q'=\frac{dy}{ds}ds,\ r'=\frac{dz}{ds}ds,$

and the solution of the equation gives

$F=\frac{\mu}{\rho}\frac{dx}{ds}ds,\ G=\frac{\mu}{\rho}\frac{dy}{ds}ds,\ H=\frac{\mu}{\rho}\frac{dz}{ds}ds,$

where $$\rho$$ is the distance of any point from $$ds$$. Hence

$\begin{array}{rl} M & =\iint\frac{\mu}{\rho}\left(\frac{dx}{ds}\frac{dx}{ds'}+\frac{dy}{ds}\frac{dy}{ds'}+\frac{dz}{ds}\frac{dz}{ds'}\right)dsds'\\ \\ & =\iint\frac{\mu}{\rho}\cos\theta dsds',\end{array}$

where $$\theta$$ is the angle between the directions of the two elements $$ds, ds'$$, and $$\rho$$ is the distance between them, and the integration is performed round both circuits.

In this method we confine our attention during integration to the two linear circuits alone.

(110) Second Method. M is the number of lines of magnetic force which pass through the circuit B when A carries a unit current, or

$M=\sum(\mu\alpha l+\mu\beta m+\mu\gamma n)dS'$

where $$\mu\alpha,\mu\beta,\mu\gamma$$, are the components of magnetic induction due to unit current in A,


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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/250

 101 STAT. 220

PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

(1) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall undertake to enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a comprehensive study and investigation of the principal causes of fatalities and injuries to schoolchildren riding in schoolbuses and of the use of seatbelts in schoolbuses and other measures that may improve the safety of schoolbus transportation. The purpose of the study and investigation is to determine those safety measures that are the most effective in protecting the safety of schoolchildren while boarding, leaving, and riding in schoolbuses. (2) REPORT.—In entering into any arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences for conducting the study and investigation under this subsection, the Secretary shall request .aai;,Miiev toioM the National Academy of Sciences to submit, not later than 18 months after the date on which such arrangements are completed, to Congress and the Secretary a report on the results of such study and investigation. The report shall contain a list of those safety measures determined by the Academy to be most effective in protecting the safety of schoolchildren while boarding, leaving, and riding in schoolbuses. (3) REVIEW OF REPORT.—Upon receipt of the report under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall review such report for the purpose of determining those safety measures that are the most effective in protecting the safety of schoolchildren while boardFederal ing, leaving, and riding in schoolbuses. Not later than 2 months Register, after the date of receipt of such report, the Secretary shall publication. publish in the Federal Register a list of those safety measures «9J; which the Secretary determines are the most effective in protecting the safety of such children. (4) INFORMATION.—Upon request of the National Academy of Sciences, the Secretary shall furnish to the Academy any "ti. information which the Academy deems necessary for the purpose of conducting the study and investigation under this subsection. (b) SCHOOLBUS SAFETY GRANT PROGRAM.—

^sWtdm^ i.'>?,joM

(1) SET-ASIDE.—Before apportioning any funds made available of fiscal years 1989, 1990, and 1991, the Secretary may set aside •hO an amount not to exceed $5,000,000 for making grants to States to implement those schoolbus safety measures published by the Secretary under subsection (a). (2) APPLICATION.—Any State interested in receiving under fit this subsection a grant to implement schoolbus safety measures in fiscal year 1989, 1990, or 1991 shall submit to the Secretary an application for such grant. Applications under this subsecr tion shall be submitted at such time and in such form and contain such information as the Secretary may require by regulation. (3) LIMITATION.—No State shall receive more than 30 percent of the funds set aside pursuant to this subsection for any fiscal year in grants under this subsection. SEC. 205. SPLASH AND SPRAY SUPPRESSANT DEVICES.
 * to carry out section 402 of title 23, United States Code, for each

49 USC app. 2314.

Section 41403) of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (49 U.S.C. 2314(b)) is amended by striking out paragraph (1) and inserting in lieu thereof the following: ..

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/251

 PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

101 STAT. 221

"(1) within 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Highway Safety Act of 1987, establish final minimum standards with respect to the performance and installation of splash and spray suppression devices for use on truck tractors, semitrailers, and trailers unless the Secretary has determined that there is no available technology which— "(A) can significantly reduce splash and spray from truck , 'itractors, semitrailers, and trailers, and "(B) can significantly improve visibility of drivers, as demonstrated during testing on highways, at test facilities, and in laboratories to take into account possible wind and rain conditions;". SEC. 206. HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAM AMENDMENTS.

(a) GUIDELINES.—Section 402 of title 23, United States Code, is amended by striking out "standard" and "standards" each place they appear and inserting in lieu thereof "guideline" and "guidelines", respectively. 03) WAIVERS FOR EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMS.—Subsection (a)

oaiffK

of

such section is amended by striking out the last sentence. (c) ELIMINATION OF CERTAIN CONDITION.—Subsection (b)(l) of such section is amended by striking out subparagraph (D), relating to comprehensive driver training programs, and by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) (and any references thereto) as subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively. (d) RULEMAKING PROCESS.—Subsection (j) of such section is amended to read as follows: "(j) RULEMAKING PROCESS.—The Secretary shall, not later than September 1, 1987, begin a rulemaking process to determine those programs most effective in reducing accidents, injuries, and deaths. Not later than April 1, 1988, the Secretary shall promulgate a final rule establishing those programs determined to be most effective in reducing accidents, injuries, and deaths. If such rule is promulgated by April 1, 1988, then it shall take effect October 1, 1988. If such rule is not promulgated by April 1, 1988, it shall take effect October 1, 1989. After a rule is promulgated in accordance with this subsection, the Secretary may from time to time thereafter revise such rule under a rulemaking process described in the first sentence of this subsection. Any rule under this subsection shall be promulgated taking into account consideration of the States having a major role in establishing programs described in the first sentence of this subsection. When a rule promulgated in accordance with this subsection takes effect, only those programs established by such rule as most effective in reducing accidents, injuries, and deaths shall be eligible to receive Federal financial assistance under this section.". SEC. 207. HIGHWAY SAFETY EDUCATION AND INFORMATION.

(a) NATIONAL HIGHWAY SAFETY CAMPAIGN.—Subsection (d) of section 209 of the Highway Safety Act of 1978 is amended to read as follows: "(d) NATIONAL HIGHWAY SAFETY CAMPAIGN.—Utilizing those techniques, methods, and practices determined most effective under subsection (b), the Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a national highway safety campaign utilizing the local and national television and radio to educate and inform the public of techniques, methods, and practices to reduce the number and severity of highway accidents. Not later than the 180th day after the date of

23 USC 401 note,

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/252

 101 STAT. 222

PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

submission of the first report to Congress required by subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary shall commence the conduct of such campaign.". (b) LIMITATION ON OBLIGATIONS.—Subsection (h) of such section is amended by adding at the end thereof the following: "None of the amounts authorized by this subsection shall be available for obligation for any education or information program conducted in connection with the implementation of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208 (49 C.F.R. 571.208).". (c) OBLIGATION CEILING.—Subsection (i) of such section is amended by inserting before the period at the end the following: "and except that the funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section shall not be subject to any obligation limitation". 23 USC 401 note. SEC. 208. OLDER DRIVER STUDY.

(a) CONTRACT.—Not later than 30 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall undertake to enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a comprehensive study and investigation of (1) problems which may inhibit the safety and mobility of older drivers using the Nation's roads, and (2) means of addressing these problems. (b) REPORT.—In entering into any arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences for conducting such study and investigation, the Secretary shall request the National Academy of Sciences to report to the Secretary and Congress not later than 24 months after the date of the enactment of this Act on the results of such study and investigation, together with its recommendations. (c) AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION.—The Secretary shall furnish to such Academy at its request any information which the Academy deems necessary for the purpose of conducting the investigation and study authorized by this section. (d) PILOT PROGRAM.— (1) DEVELOPMENT OF PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall develop,

4oo ro^'-ieu «;

in conjunction with the study carried out under this section, a pilot program of highway safety improvements to enhance the safety and mobility of older drivers. The program shall be designed to apply known technology at sites in rural and urban areas and on different types of highways and to determine the daytime and nighttime effectiveness of such technology. (2) STATES ENCOURAGED TO CARRY OUT PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall encourage the States to carry out the pilot program developed under paragraph (1) with funds available for highway safety improvement projects. In particular, the Secretary shall encourage States with a high percentage of older drivers to give high priority to carrying out the pilot program. (3) EVALUATION AND REPORT.—Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall evaluate the pilot program under this subsection and shall report to Congress on the effectiveness of such program in improving the safety and mobility of older drivers.

49 USC app. 2204

SEC. 209. RESCISSION OF CONTRACT AUTHORITY.

49 USC app. 2204.

$148,000,000 of unobligated contract authority available for airport development and planning pursuant to section 505(a) of the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 is rescinded. This rescission does not reduce the balance in the Airport and Airway Trust Fund.

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Page:A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.pdf/49

Rh S' is a surface bounded by the current B, and $$l, m, n$$ are the direction-cosines of the normal to the surface, the integration being extended over the surface.

We may express this in the form

$M=\mu\sum\frac{1}{\rho^{2}}\sin\theta\sin\theta'\sin\varphi dS'ds$|undefined

where $$d$$S' is an element of the surface bounded by B, $$ds$$ is an element of the circuit A, $$\rho$$ is the distance between them, $$\theta$$ and $$\theta'$$ are the angles between $$\rho$$ and $$ds$$ and between $$\rho$$ and the normal to $$d$$S' respectively, and $$\varphi$$ is the angle between the planes in which $$\theta$$ and $$\theta'$$ are measured. The integration is performed round the circuit A and over the surface bounded by B.

This method is most convenient in the case of circuits lying in one plane, in which case sin $$\sin\theta=1$$, and $$\sin\varphi=1$$.

111. Third Method. M is that part of the intrinsic magnetic energy of the whole field which depends on the product of the currents in the two circuits, each current being unity.

Let $$\alpha,\beta,\gamma$$ be the components of magnetic intensity at any point due to the first circuit, $$\alpha',\beta',\gamma'$$ the same for the second circuit; then the intrinsic energy of the element of volume $$d$$V of the field is

$\frac{\mu}{8\pi}\left((\alpha+\alpha')^{2}+(\beta+\beta')^{2}+(\gamma+\gamma')^{2}\right)dV$

The part which depends on the product of the currents is

$\frac{\mu}{4\pi}(\alpha\alpha'+\beta\beta'+\gamma\gamma')dV$

Hence if we know the magnetic intensities I and I' due to unit current in each circuit, we may obtain M by integrating

$\frac{\mu}{4\pi}\sum\mu II'\cos\theta dV$

over all space, where $$\theta$$ is the angle between the directions of I and I'.

Application to a Coil.

(112) To find the coefficient (M) of mutual induction between two circular linear conductors in parallel planes, the distance between the curves being everywhere the same, and small compared with the radius of either.

If $$r$$ be the distance between the curves, and $$a$$ the radius of either, then when $$r$$ is very small compared with $$a$$, we find by the second method, as a first approximation,

$M=4\pi \left(\log_{e}\frac{8a}{r}-2\right)$

To approximate more closely to the value of M, let $$a$$ and $$a_{1}$$ be the radii of the circles, and $$b$$ the distance between their planes; then

$r^{2}=\left(a-a_{1}\right)^{2}+b^{2}$

MDCCCLXV


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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/253

 PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

101 STAT. 223

TITLE III—FEDERAL MASS TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1987

Federal Mass Transportation Act of 1987.

SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the "Federal Mass Transportation Act of 1987".

49 USC 1601 note. le'OsI

SEC. 302. LETTERS OF INTENT.

Section 3(a)(4) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 is amended by striking out "provided in an appropriation Act" and by striking out "specified in an appropriations Act." and inserting in lieu thereof "specified in law.".

49 USC app. 1602.

SEC. 303. CRITERIA FOR NEW STARTS.

(a) GENERAL RULE.—Section 3 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: "(i) CRITERIA FOR N E W STARTS.—No grant or loan for construction Grants. of a new fixed guideway system or extension of any fixed guideway Loans. system may be made under this section unless the Secretary determines that the proposed project— "(1) is based on the results of an alternatives analysis and preliminary engineering; "(2) is cost-effective; and "(3) is supported by an acceptable degree of local financial commitment, including evidence of stable and dependable funding sources to construct, maintain, and operate the system or extension. In making grants and loans under this section, the Secretary may also consider such other factors as the Secretary deems appropriate. The Secretary shall issue guidelines that set forth the means by which the Secretary will evaluate cost-effectiveness, results of alternatives analysis, and degree of local financial commitment.". (b) LIMITATION ON APPLICABILITY.—The amendment made by 49 USC app. 1602 note. subsection (a) of this section shall not apply to any project— (1) for which a letter of intent or full funding contract has Contracts. been issued under section 3(a)(4) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 before the date of enactment of this Act; or (2) which was in the preliminary engineering, final design, or construction stage as of January 1, 1987. SEC. 304. REPORT ON FUNDING LEVELS AND ALLOCATIONS OF FUNDS.

Section 3 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 is 49 USC app. amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: 1602. "0) REPORT ON FUNDING LEVELS AND ALLOCATIONS OF FUNDS.—Not

later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this subsection and each January 20 thereafter, the Secretary shall prepare and transmit to the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate— "(1) a proposal of the total amount of funds which should be Grants. made available in accordance with subsection (k)(l)(D) of this Loans. section to finance for the fiscal year beginning on October 1 of such year grants and loans for each of the following:

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 101 STAT. 224

PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

"(A) the replacement, rehabilitation, and purchase of buses and related equipment and the construction of busrelated facilities, 'J4.'f. "(B) rail modernization, and "(C) construction of new fixed guideway systems and extensions to fixed guideway systems; and lo t x "(2) a proposal of the allocation of the funds to be made available to finance grants and loans for the construction of new fixed guideway systems and extensions to fixed guideway systems among applicants for such assistance.".

Grants. Loans.

SEC. 305. ALLOCATION OF SECTION 3 FUNDS. 49 USC app. 1602.

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o

 * h)U)d6

Section 3 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following: "(k) ALLOCATIONS.—

Grants. Loans.

.eifiB'

mn

"(1) IN GENERAL.—Of the amounts available for grants and f loans under this section for fiscal years 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991— "(A) 40 percent shall be available for rail modernization; "(B) 40 percent shall be available for construction of new fixed guideway systems and extensions to fixed guideway systems; "(C) 10 percent shall be available for the replacement, fens rehabilitation, and purchase of buses and related equipment and the construction of bus-related facilities; and "(D) 10 percent shall be available for the purposes de• scribed in subparagraphs (A) through (C), as determined by ' the Secretary. "(2) ELIGIBILITY.—(A) The receipt of, or application for, assistance for a project described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1) shall not preclude eligibility for assistance for a project described in any other such subparagraph. "(B) Prior to the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary may not change program administration regarding eligibility for assistance for rail modernization.". SEC. 306. ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION.

(a) DISCRETIONARY GRANT PROGRAM.—Section 3 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:

Supra.

"(1) ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION.— "(1) APPROVED PROJECT.—Upon application of a State or local

public body which carries out a project described in this section or a substitute transit project described in section 103(e)(4) of title 23, United States Code, or portion of such a project without the aid of Federal funds in accordance with all procedures and requirements applicable to such a project and upon the Secretary's approval of such application, the Secretary may pay to such applicant the Federal share of the net project costs if, prior to carrying out such project or portion, the Secretary approves .. the plans and specifications therefor in the same manner as other projects under this section or such section 103(e)(4), as the case maybe. aHBoJ

"(2) BOND INTEREST.— 10 1 ^, "(A) ELIGIBLE COST.—Subject to the provisions of this

paragraph, the cost of carrying out a project or portion

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/255

 PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

101 STAT. 225

if>->frrf

thereof, the Federal share of which the Secretary is authorized to pay under this subsection, shall include the amount of any interest earned and payable on bonds issued itdi ^y ^^® State or local public body to the extent that the £. jj, proceeds of such bonds have actually been expended in j^^ carrying out such project or portion. "(B) LIMITATION ON AMOUNT.—In no event shall the io *af amount of interest considered as a cost of carrying out a project or portion thereof under subparagraph (A) be greater than the excess of— "(i) the amount which would be the estimated cost of ^ carrying out the project or portion if the project or ^' portion were to be carried out at the time the project or ^ „,. portion is converted to a regularly funded project, over t^u «i/i "(ji) the actual cost of carrying out such project or ^' «'*^ portion (not including such interest). "(C) CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION COST INDICES.—The Secretary shall consider changes in construction cost indices in determining the amount under subparagraph (B)(i).". s (b) BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM.—Section 9 of such Act is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:

49 USC app. 1607a. „„,5;

"(p) ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION.— "(1) APPROVED PROJECT.—When a recipient has obligated all

^ »

,9 ii Qr gf ^, .3 4,' ^''

funds apportioned to it under this section and proceeds to carry out any project described in this section (other than a project for operating expenses) or portion of such a project without the aid of Federal funds in accordance with all procedures and all requirements applicable to such a project, except insofar as such procedures and requirements limit a State to carrying out projects with the aid of Federal funds previously apportioned to it, the Secretary, upon application by such recipient and his approval of such application, is authorized to pay to such recipient the Federal share of the costs of carrying out such project or portion when additional funds are apportioned to such recipient under this section if, prior to carrying out such project or portion, the Secretary approves the plans and specifications therefor in the same manner as other projects under this section. "(2) LIMITATION ON PROJECTS.—The Secretary may not ap-

prove an application under this subsection unless an authorization for this section is in effect for the fiscal year for which the application is sought beyond the currently authorized funds for ^" such recipient. No application may be approved under this subsection which will exceed— "(A) the recipient's expected apportionment under this section if the total amount of funds authorized to be appro'''•^ priated to carry out this section for such fiscal year were so appropriated, less "(B) the maximum amount of such apportionment which could be made available for projects for operating expenses under this section. "(3) BOND INTEREST.— "(A) ELIGIBLE COST.—Subject to the provisions of this

paragraph, the cost of carrying out a project or portion thereof, the Federal share of which the Secretary is authorized to pay under this subsection, shall include the amount of any interest earned and payable on bonds issued

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text:
Page:A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.pdf/50

 508

We obtain M by considering the following conditions: –

1st. M must fulfil the differential equation

$\frac{d^{2}M}{da^{2}}+\frac{d^{2}M}{db^{2}}+\frac{1}{a}\frac{dM}{da}=0$|undefined

This equation being true for any magnetic field symmetrical with respect to the common axis of the circles, cannot of itself lead to the determination of M as a function of $$a, a_{1}$$, and $$b$$. We therefore make use of other conditions.

2ndly. The value of M must remain the same when $$a$$ and $$a_{1}$$ are exchanged.

3rdly. The first two terms of M must be the same as those given above.

M may thus be expanded in the following series:—

$\begin{array}{r} M=4\pi a\log\frac{8a}{r}\left\{ 1+\frac{1}{2}\frac{a-a_{1}}{a}+\frac{1}{16}\frac{3b^{2}+\left(a_{1}-a\right)^{2}}{a^{2}}-\frac{1}{32}\frac{\left(3b^{2}+\left(a-a_{1}\right)^{2}\right)\left(a-a_{1}\right)}{a^{3}}+etc.\right\} \\ \\-4\pi a\left\{ 2+\frac{1}{2}\frac{a-a_{1}}{a}+\frac{1}{16}\frac{b^{2}-3\left(a-a_{1}^{2}\right)}{a^{2}}-\frac{1}{48}\frac{\left(6b^{2}-\left(a-a_{1}\right)^{2}\right)\left(a-a_{1}\right)}{a^{3}}+etc.\right\} \end{array}$|undefined

(113) We may apply this result to find the coefficient of self-induction (L) of a circular coil of wire whose section is small compared with the radius of the circle.

Let the section of the coil be a rectangle, the breadth in the plane of the circle being c$$$$, and the depth perpendicular to the plane of the circle being $$b$$.

Let the mean radius of the coil be $$a$$, and the number of windings $$n$$; then we find, by integrating,

$L=\frac{n^{2}}{b^{2}c^{2}}\iiiint M(xy\ x'y')dx\ dy\ dx'dy'$|undefined

where $$M(xy\ x'y')$$ means the value of M for the two windings whose coordinates are $$xy$$ and $$x'y'$$ respectively; and the integration is performed first with respect to $$x$$ and $$y$$ over the rectangular section, and then with respect to $$x'$$ and $$y'$$ over the same space.

$\begin{array}{l} L=4\pi n^{2}a\left\{ \log_{e}\frac{8a}{r}+\frac{1}{12}-\frac{4}{3}\left(\theta-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\cot2\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\cos2\theta-\frac{1}{6}\cot^{2}\theta\log\cos\theta-\frac{1}{6}\tan^{2}\theta\log\sin\theta\right\} \\ \\\qquad+\frac{\pi n^{2}r^{2}}{24a}\left\{ \log\frac{8a}{r}\left(2\sin^{2}\theta+1\right)+3.45+27.475\cos^{2}\theta-3.2\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-\theta\right)\frac{\sin^{3}\theta}{\cos\theta}+\frac{1}{5}\frac{\cos^{4}\theta}{\sin^{2}\theta}\log\cos\theta\right.\\ \\\qquad\qquad\left.+\frac{13}{3}\frac{\sin^{4}\theta}{\cos\theta}\log\sin\theta\right\} +etc.\end{array}$|undefined

The logarithms are, and the angles are in circular measure.

In the experiments made by the Committee of the British Association for determining a standard of Electrical Resistance, a double coil was used, consisting of two nearly equal coils of rectangular section, placed parallel to each other, with a small interval between them.


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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/256

 101 STAT. 226

PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

by the recipient to the extent that the proceeds of such bonds have actually been expended in carrying out such project or portion. "(B) LIMITATION ON AMOUNT.—In no event shall the a.' I amount of interest considered as a cost of carrying out a project or portion under subparagraph (A) be greater than the excess of— "(i) the amount which would be the estimated cost of ?' • ' carrying out the project or portion if the project or portion were to be carried out at the time the project or portion is converted to a regularly funded project, over "(ii) the actual cost of carrying out such project or portion (not including such interest). "(C) CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION COST INDICES.—The Secretary shall consider changes in construction cost indices in n.^i^ ° ^ determining the amount under subparagraph (B)(i)-". SEC. 307. SECTION 4(h)(1) REPORTS. 49 USC app. 1603.

Section 4(h)(1) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 is amended to read as follows: "(h) QUARTERLY REPORTS.—(1) Not later than 30 days after the last day of each calendar quarter, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on Public Works and Transportation and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate a report on— "(A) obligations, commitments, and reservations by State, designated recipient, and applicant, made under authority of this Act during that quarter; "(B) the balance as of the last day of that quarter of the unobligated, uncommitted, and unreserved apportionments made under this Act; "(C) the balance of unobligated, uncommitted, and unreserved sums available for expenditure at the discretion of the Sec.; retary under this Act as of the close of that quarter; "(D) a listing of letters of intent issued during that quarter; "(E) a status report on all letters of intent outstanding as of the close of that quarter; and "(F) a status report on the execution of grant contracts and the establishment of a letter of credit or other reimbursement uq; authority for sums already obligated for each State, designated recipient, and applicant.". SEC. 308. LEASED PROPERTY.

Grants. 49 USC app. 1607a.

Regulations. Federal Register, publication.

Section 9(j) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 is amended by inserting after the first sentence the following: "Grants for construction projects under this section shall also be available to finance the leasing of facilities and equipment for use in mass transportation service, subject to regulations limiting such grants to leasing arrangements which are more cost effective than acquisition or construction. The Secretary shall publish regulations under the preceding sentence in proposed form in the Federal Register for public comment not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this sentence, and shall promulgate such regulations in final form not later than 240 days after such date of enactment.".

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/257

 PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

101 STAT. 227

SEC. 309. BUS REMANUFACTURING AND OVERHAULING OF ROLLING STOCK.

(a) INCLUSION IN DEFINITION OF CONSTRUCTION,—Section 12(c)(l) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 is amended by inserting 49 USC app. "(A)" after "such term also means" and by inserting before the 1608. semicolon at the end thereof the following: ", (B) any bus remanufacturing project which extends the economic life of the bus 8 years or more, and (C) any project for the overhaul of rail rolling stock (whether or not such overhaul increases the useful life of the rolling stock)". (b) EXPANSION OF ASSOCIATED CAPITAL MAINTENANCE ITEMS.—

Section 9(j) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 is amended— (1) in the last sentence, by striking out "and materials" and inserting in lieu thereof ", tires, tubes, and materials"; (2) in the last sentence, by striking out "1 per centum" and inserting in lieu thereof "¥2 of 1 percent"; (3) by inserting "(1)" before "Grants"; and (4) by adding at the end thereof the following: "(2) A project for the reconstruction (whether by employees of the grant recipient or by contract) of any equipment and materials each of which, after reconstruction, will have a fair market value no less than y^ of 1 percent of the current fair market value of rolling stock comparable to the rolling stock for which the equipment and materials are to be used shall be considered a project for construction of an associated capital maintenance item under this section.". (c) FEDERAL SHARE.—The first sentence of section 9(k)(l) of such Act is amended by striking out "shall not exceed" the first place it appears and inserting in lieu thereof "shall be". (d) LOCAL MATCH.—The first sentence of section 9(k)(l) of such Act is further amended by striking out "such project" and inserting in lieu thereof "such project; however, a recipient is permitted to provide additional local match at its option". (e) MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENT.—Section 3(a)(2)(A) of such Act is amended to read as follows: "(2)(A) No grant or loan shall be provided under this section unless the Secretary determines that the applicant— "(i) has or will have the legal, financial, and technical capacity to carry out the proposed project; "(ii) has or will have satisfactory continuing control, through operation or lease or otherwise, over the use of the facilities and the equipment; and "(iii) has or will have sufficient capability to maintain the facilities and equipment, and will maintain, such facilities and equipment.". (f) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The first sentence of section 9(k)(l) of such Act is further amended by striking out "(including capital maintenance items)" and inserting in lieu thereof "(including any project for the acquisition or construction of an associated capital maintenance item)'.

49 USC app. 1607a.

Grants. Contracts.

49 USC app. 1602. Grants. Loans.

SEC. 310. LONG-TERM FINANCIAL PLANNING.

Section 8(a) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 is 49 USC app. amended by inserting before the period at the end of the third 1607. sentence the following: "and development of long-term financial plans for regional urban mass transit improvements and the reve-

91-194 O - 90 - 9 ! OT,.S Part 1

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Page:A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.pdf/51

 Rh

The value of L for this coil was found in the following way.

The value of L was calculated by the preceding formula for six different cases, in which the rectangular section considered has always the same breadth, while the depth was

A, B, C, A+B, B+C, A+B+C,

and $$n=1$$ in each case. Calling the results

L(A), L(B), L(C),&c,

we calculate the coefficient of mutual induction M(AC) of the two coils thus,

$2ACM(AC)=(A+B+C)^{2}L(A+B+C)-(A+B)^{2}L(A+B)-(B+C)^{2}L(B+C)+B^{2}L(B)$

Then if $$n_{1}$$ is the number of windings in the coil A and $$n_{2}$$ in the coil B, the coefficient of self-induction of the two coils together is

$L=n_{1}^{2}L(A)+2n_{1}n_{2}L(AC)+n_{2}^{2}L(B)$

(114) These values of L are calculated on the supposition that the windings of the wire are evenly distributed so as to fill up exactly the whole section. This, however, is not the case, as the wire is generally circular and covered with insulating material. Hence the current in the wire is more concentrated than it would have been if it had been distributed uniformly over the section, and the currents in the neighbouring wires do not act on it exactly as such a uniform current would do.

The corrections arising from these considerations may be expressed as numerical quantities, by which we must multiply the length of the wire, and they are the same whatever be the form of the coil.

Let the distance between each wire and the next, on the supposition that they are arranged in square order, be D, and let the diameter of the wire be d, then the correction for diameter of wire is

$+2\left(\log\frac{D}{d}+\frac{4}{3}\log2+\frac{\pi}{3}-\frac{11}{6}\right)$

The correction for the eight nearest wires is

+0.0236.

For the sixteen in the next row

+0.00083.

These corrections being multiplied by the length of wire and added to the former result, give the true value of L, considered as the measure of the potential of the coil on itself for unit current in the wire when that current has been established for some time, and is uniformly distributed through the section of the wire.

(115) But at the commencement of a current and during its variation the current is not uniform throughout the section of the wire, because the inductive action between different portions of the current tends to make the current stronger at one part of the section than at another. When a uniform electromotive force P arising from any cause

Rh


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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/258

 101 STAT. 228

PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

nue available from current and potential sources to implement such improvements". SEC. 311. USE OF LAPSED SECTION 9A AND SECTION 9 FUNDS. -

49 USC 1607a.

' >^ ^ i'

Section 9(o) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 is amended by striking out the period at the end of the second sentence and inserting "not later than 30 days after the end of such period.". SEC. 312. BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM AMENDMENTS.

(a) FUNDING OF PARTIAL PROGRAMS OF PROJECTS.—Section 9(e)(2) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new sentence: "A grant may be made under this section to carry out, in whole or in part, a program of projects.". (b) TRANSIT ADVERTISING REVENUES.— (1) EXCLUSION FROM OPERATING REVENUES.—Section

9(k)(l) of such Act is amended by inserting after the third sentence the following new sentence: "For purposes of the preceding sentence, 'revenues from the operation of a public mass transportation system' shall not include the amount of any revenues derived by such system from the sale of advertising and concessions which is in excess of the amount of such revenues derived by such system from the sale of advertising and concessions in fiscal year 1985.". (2) ANNUAL REPORT.—Section 9(e) of such Act is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph: "(4) Each recipient (including any person receiving funds from a Governor under this section) shall submit to the Secretary annually a report on the revenues such recipient derives from the sale of advertising and concessions.". (c) OPERATING ASSISTANCE LIMITATION FOR SMALL URBANIZED

.qqsDB.

AREAS.—Section 9(k)(2) of such Act is amended— (1) by inserting "(A)" after "(2)"; (2) by striking out the last sentence and inserting in lieu thereof the following: "Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, an urbanized area that first became an urbanized area under the 1980 census or thereafter may use each fiscal year for operating assistance not to exceed an amount equal to % of its apportionment during the first full year it received funds under this section."; and (3) by adding at the end thereof the following: "(B) Beginning on October 1, 1988, the amount of funds apportioned under this section that may be used for operating assistance by urbanized areas of less than 200,000 population shall be increased on October 1 of each year by an amount determined by multiplying the amount applicable to each such urbanized area as determined under subparagraph (A) (excluding any increases under this subparagraph) by the percentage of the increase (if any) in the Consumer Price Index during the most recent calendar year. The amount of funds apportioned under this section that each urbanized area of less than 200,000 population that was a recipient of funds under this section during fiscal year 1987 may use for operating assistance shall be increased by 32.2 percent on October 1, 1987. The increases provided for by this subparagraph shall be cumulative. "(C) As used in subparagraph (B), the term 'Consumer Price Index' means the Consumer Price Index for all-urban consumers published by the Department of Labor.".
 * rs|q

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 PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987

101 STAT. 229

(d) TRANSFERS OF APPORTIONMENTS.—Section 9(n)(l) of such Act is 49 USC app. amended— I607a. (1) by striking out "with populations of three hundred thou,;,; sand or less" in the first sentence; and (2) by inserting after the third sentence the following: "Any ac amounts of a State's apportionment that remain available for 3' obligation at the beginning of the 90-day period before the ' -' expiration of the period of availability of such amounts shall be available to the Governor for use throughout the State.". (e) DATE OF APPORTIONMENT.—Section 9 of such Act is further amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: Ante, p. 225. "(q) DATE OF APPORTIONMENT.—The Secretary shall apportion

funds appropriated to carry out this section for any Hscal year in accordance with the provisions of this section not later than the 10th day following the date on which such funds are appropriated or October 1 of such fiscal year, whichever is later. The Secretary shall publish apportionments of such appropriated funds, including amounts attributable to each urbanized area above 50,000 population as well as the amount attributable to each State of the multistate urbanized area, on the apportionment date established by the preceding sentence.". (f) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.—(1) Section 9(e) of such Act is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph: Ante, p. 228. "(5) No grant shall be made under this section to any recipient in Grants, any fiscal year unless the Secretary has accepted a certification for such fiscal year submitted by such person pursuant to this subsection.". (2) Section 9(g) of such Act is amended by striking out paragraph (4). (3) Section 9(1) of such Act is repealed. SEC. 313. SECTION 9B PROGRAM. The Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 is amended by inserting after section 9A the following: -..

_.

MASS TRANSIT ACCOUNT BLOCK GRANTS

(a) APPORTIONMENT AND ADMINISTRATION.—The amount made available by subsections (b) and (c) of section 21 of this Act to carry out this section shall be made available in accordance with the provisions of subsections (a) through (j), (m), and (n) of section 9 of this Act. "Q)) AvAiLABiliTY FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS.—Grants under this section shall be available only for the purpose of construction projects (including capital maintenance items) and shall be subject to the limitations contained in section 9(k) of this Act applicable to such projects. "(c) U S E OF UNOBLIGATED AMOUNTS.—Sums apportioned under this section shall be available for obligation by the recipient for a period of 3 years following the close of the fiscal year for which such sums are apportioned. Any amounts so apportioned remaining unobligated at the end of such period shall be added to the amount available for apportionment under this section for the succeeding fiscal year not later than 30 days after the end of such period.". "SEC. 9 B.

49 USC app. 1607a-2. 49 USC app. 1617. Ante, p. 226.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/260

 101 STAT. 230 /,;, ^.,

PUBLIC LAW 100-17—APR. 2, 1987 SEC. 314. UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION CENTERS. (a) GRANT PROGRAM; NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL.—Section 11(b)

49 USC app. 1607c.

of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 is amended to read as follows: "(b) UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION CENTERS.— "(1) GRANTS FOR ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION.—In addition

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r:•;. \\ \ ' ' ' • ^^

'"•^ to grants authorized by subsection (a) of this section, the Sec-' retary shall make grants to one or more nonprofit institutions of higher learning to establish and operate one regional transportation center in each of the ten Federal regions which comprise the Standard Federal Regional Boundary System. no "(2) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The responsibilities of each transporfii tation center established under this subsection shall include, %iX but not be limited to, the conduct of infrastructure research interpretation, publication, and dissemination of the results of such research. The responsibilities of one of such centers may include research on the testing of new model buses. The program of research at all research centers should cover more than one mode of transportation, and should take into consideration pj the proportion of funding for this subsection from funding available to carry out urban mass transportation projects under this Act and from the Highway Trust Fund. "(3) APPLICATION.—Any nonprofit institution of higher learning interested in receiving a grant under this subsection shall submit to the Secretary an application in such form and ,|,, containing such information as the Secretary may require by regulation. "(4) SELECTION CRITERIA.—The Secretary shall select recipients of grants under this subsection on the basis of the following criteria: "(A) The regional transportation center shall be located in a State which is representative of the needs of the Federal region for improved transportation services and facilities. "(B) The demonstrated research and extension resources available to the grant recipient for carrying out this subsection. "(C) The capability of the grant recipient to provide leadership in making national and regional contributions to the solution of both long-range and immediate transporters,, tation problems. "(D) The grant recipient shall have an established transportation program or programs encompassing several Q^j modes of transportation. "(E) The grant recipient shall have a demonstrated ts^'iii commitment to supporting ongoing transportation research " „ * programs with regularly budgeted institutional funds of at %," least $200,000 per year. "(F) The grant recipient shall have a demonstrated abil;, ity to disseminate results of transportation research and ' educational programs through a statewide or region wide f: continuing education program. "(G) The projects which the grant recipient proposes to carry out under the grant.
 * i concerning transportation and research and training concern• r ing transportation of passengers and property and the

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