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 Mure, Sir William (1594-1657). .32 Mure, Willaam (1718-1776). . 32 Mure, William ( 1799-1860). . . 33 Murford, Nicholas ( ft. 1650). . 33 Murgatroid, Michael (1551-1608). .33 Murimuth, Adam (1275 P-1347). .33 Murlin, John (1722-1799). . . 33 Murphy, Arthur (1727-1805). . 334 Murphy, Denis Brownell (d. 1842). . 33 Murphv or Morphy, Edward or Do iiinic Ed- ward" (rf. 17-28) "... .. 33 Murphy, Francis (1795-1858). . 33' Murphy, Sir Francis (1809-1891). . .33? Murphy, Francis Stack (1810 P-1860). . 33 Murphy, James (1725-1759). See under Murphy, Arthur. Murphy, "James Cavanah (1760-1814) . . 33: Murphy, Jeremiah Daniel (1806-1824). See under Murphy, Francis Stack. Murphy, John (1753?-! 798) . . . . 34f Murphy, John ( ft. 1780-1820) . . .341 Murphy, Marie Louise (1737-1814) . . 341 Murphy, Michael (1767 P-1798) . . .34 Murphy, Patrick (1782-1847). . . .34 Murphy, Robert (1806-1843) . . . .343 Murray or Moray, Earls of. See Randolph Thomas (1280 ?-1332) ; Randolph, John (rf. 1346) ; Stuart or Stewart, James (1499- 1544) ; Stuart, James (1533 P-1570) ; Stuart, James (d. 1592). Murray, Adam (d. 1700) . . . .343 Murray, Alexander (d. 1777) . . . .344 Murray, Alexander, Lord Henderland (1736- 179o) .... ... 345 Murray, Alexander, D.D. (1775-1813) . .346 Murray, Amelia Matilda (1795-1884) . .347 Murray or Moray, Sir Andrew (d. 1338) . 348 Murray, Sir Andrew, Lord Balvaird (1597 ?- ") 349 Murray, Andrew (1812-1878). . .349 Murray, Lord Charles, first Earl of Dunmore (1660-1710) 350 Murray, Lord Charles (d. 1720). . .351 Murray, Charles (1754-1821). . . .351 Murray, Daniel (1768-1852). . . .352 Murray, Sir David (1567-1629). . .352 Murray, Sir David, of Gospertie, Lord Scone, and afterwards Viscount Stormonth (d. 1631 ) 353 Murray, David, second Earl of Mansfield (1727-1796) 355 Murray, Elizabeth, Countess of Dysart, and afterwards Duchess of Lauderdal* (d. 1697) 356 Murray, Mrs. Elizabeth Lbigh (d. 1892). See under Murray, Henry Leigh. Murray, Gaston (1826-1889). See under Murray, Henry Leigh. Murray, Mrs. Gaston (t/. 1891). See under Murray, Henry Leigh. Murray, "Lord George (1700 P-1760) . .357 Murray, Lord George (1761-1803). . . 361 Murray, Sir George (1759-1819) . . .361 Murray, Sir George (1772-1846) . . .363 Murray, George (1784-1860). See under Murray, Lord George (1761-1803). Murray, Sir Gideon, Lord Elibank (d. 1621) . 364 Murray, Grenville (1824-1881), whose full name was Eustace Clare Grenville Murray 366 Murray, Henry Leigh (1820-1870) . .367 Murray, Hugh (1779-1846) . . . .368 Murray, James (d. 1596) . . . .369 Murray, Sir James, Lord Philiphaugh (1655- 1708) 370 ! PAGK Murray, James (1702-1758) . . . . &7i Murray, James, second Duke of Atholl (1690 ?- ) . 371 Murray, James (1782-1782) . . . .372 Murray, James (1725 P-1794) 373 Murray (afterwards Murray Pultenev), Sir James (1751 P-1811) . . . ". .376 Murray, James (1831-1863). . . .877 Murray, Sir James (1788-1871). . .378 Murray, John (d. 1510) 378 Murray or Moray, John ( 1575 P-1632 ). . 379 Murray, John, first Earl of Annandale (d. 1640) 380 Murray, John, second Earl and first Marquis of Atholl (1635 ?-1703). . . .380 Murray, John, second Marquis and first Duke of Atholl (1659-1724) 383 Murray, John, third Duke of Atholl (1729- ") 38.5 Murray, Sir John (1718-1777). . . .386 Murray, Lord John (1711-1787) . . .387 Murray, John, fourth Earl of Dunmore (1732- ") 388 Murray, John (d. 1820) 388 Murray, Sir John (1768 P-1827). . .389 Murray, John (1778-1843). . . .390 Murray, John (1786 ?-l 851). . . .394 Murray, John (1798-1873). See under Mur- ray, John (d. 1820). Murray, John (1808-1892). . . .394 Murray, Sir John Archibald, Lord Murray (1779-1859) '.396 Murray, John Fisher (1811-1865). . .397 Murray, Lindley (1745-1826). . . .397 Murray, Matthew ( 1765-1826 ) 398 Murray, Mungo (d. 1770 ) 399 Murray, Patrick, fifth Lord Elibank (1703- ) 400 Murray, Patrick Aloysius (1811-1882). . 400 Murray or Moray, Sir Robert (d. 1673). . 401 Murray, Robert (1635-1725?). . .402 Murray, the Hon. Mrs. Sarah (1744-1811). See Aust. Murray, Sir Terence Aubrey (1810-1873). 403 Murray, Thomas (1564-1623). . .404 Murray, Sir Thomas (1630 P-1684). . 404 Murray or Murrey, Thomas (1663-1734). 405 Murray, Thomas (1792-1872). . .405 Murray, Sir William (d. 1583). . .406 Murray, William, first Earl of Dysart (1600?- ) 407 Hurray, Lord William, second Lord Nairne (d. 1724). See under Nairne, John, third Lord (1691-1770). Hurray, William, Marquis of Tullibardine (d. 1746) 408 Murray, William, first Earl of Mansfield (1705-1793) . .... 409 Murray, William Henry (1790-1852). .415 tfurreil, John (fl. 1630) 417 luschamp, Geoffrey de (d. 1208). See Geoffrey. rtusgrave, Sir Anthony (1828-1888). . 418 dusgrave, Sir Christopher (1632 ?-1704). 418 ducgrave, George Musgrave (1798-1883). 419 rfusgrave, John (fl. 1654). . . .420 luBgrave, Sir Philip (1607-1678). . .421 flusgrave, Sir Richard (1757 ?-1818). . 422 rlusgrave, Samuel (1732-1780). Musgrave, Thomas, Baron Musgrave (d. 1384) 425 Musgrave, Sir Thomas (1737-1812). . 425 Musgrave, Thomas (1788-1860). . .426 Musgrave, William (1655?-1721). . .427


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 served by a retentive memory. He had spoken with Moore and Campbell, Rogers and Hazlitt, Crabbe and Southey; and remembered conducting the two lame poets Scott and Byron as they went stumping arm in arm down the staircase in Albemarle Street. This was in 1815, and shortly afterwards he was present at an interesting after-dinner conversation between Byron and Sir John Malcolm. As heir-presumptive of the house, he had also been present at the historic burning of Byron's manuscript 'Memoirs' in 1824, after a heated discussion in his father's drawing-room. But his most fortunate reminiscence was of the Theatrical Fund banquet in 1827 at Edinburgh, when Scott formally avowed himself author of the 'Waverley Novels.' He inherited intimacies with the Disraelis and with Mr. Gladstone, and he made for himself a host of friends among men of eminence. He was a magistrate for Surrey, a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and a well-known member of the Athenæum Club.

From the days when he attended Dr. Jamieson's classes at Edinburgh University, Murray was an ardent student of geology, and he published anonymously in 1877 (2nd edit. 1878) a book on the subject entitled 'Scepticism in Geology.'

Two portraits of the publisher, by Sir George Reid and Mr. C. W. Furse, are in the possession of his sons John and Hallam respectively.

 MURRAY, JOHN ARCHIBALD,  (1779–1859), Scottish judge, was the second son of Alexander Murray, lord Henderland [q. v.], lord of session and justiciary. His mother was Katherine, daughter of Sir Alexander Lindsay of Evelick, Perthshire, and a niece of the first Lord Mansfield, Born in Midlothian in 1779, he was educated successively at the Edinburgh High School, at Westminster School, and at the university of Edinburgh. At Edinburgh he was a member of the Juvenile Literary Society, of which Henry Brougham and Francis Horner were the leading spirits, and of the Speculative Society. He constantly corresponded with Horner till the latter's death in 1817, and his letters form a chief part of the 'Memoirs of Horner,' 1843. In 1799 Murray passed to the Scottish bar. On the establishment of the 'Edinburgh Review,' Sydney Smith, F. Horner, Francis Jeffrey, Dr. Thomas Brown, and he, met for a time as joint editors in Jeffrey's house, and he long continued a frequent contributor. His early career at the bar was distinguished, but being in easy circumstances he latterly relaxed his efforts. In 1826 he married Mary, the eldest daughter of William Rigby of Oldfield Hall, Cheshire. An ardent liberal, Murray threw in his lot with the brilliant band of young Edinburgh whig lawyers, and took a prominent part in the agitation which led to the passing of the Reform Bill of 1832. In December of that year he was returned unopposed for Leith, which had been enfranchised under the bill, and was appointed recorder of the great roll and clerk of the pipe, a sinecure in the Scottish exchequer which he did not long hold. On the elevation of Jeffrey to the bench in 1835, Murray succeeded him as lord advocate. He introduced a large number of bills into the House of Commons, including measures for the reform of the universities, for giving popular magistracies to small towns, for enabling sheriffs to hold small debt circuits, for the reform of the court of session, and for amending the bankruptcy law, but only succeeded in carrying a few minor reforms. In 1839 he was savagely attacked in parliament by his old friend Brougham for his conduct in the case of five cotton-spinners who were tried on a charge of murder arising out of a trade-union dispute, but he answered the charges to the complete satisfaction of the house. Murray seemed to feel himself unfitted for political life, and in 1839 he left parliament for the court of session. He was knighted and took his seat on the bench as Lord Murray. He remained on the bench till his death at Edinburgh in March 1859. His only son died in boyhood.

Murray's early manhood was the most brilliant portion of his career, but, though he never occupied that position in public life which might have been predicted for him from his early distinction, his connection with the past, his generous patronage of art and letters, his geniality and interest in the welfare of his fellow-citizens, gave him in his later years a peculiar position in Edinburgh society. His hospitality was profuse and famous. Scott in his 'Diary' records many pleasant evenings spent at Murray's house, and Harriet Martineau celebrates his tea-parties at St. Stephen's when he was lord advocate. In Edinburgh and in his country residence at Strachur on Loch Fyne, and afterwards in Jura, he gathered his friends

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 round him, while Lady Murray, an accomplished musician, ably helped him to entertain them.

 MURRAY, JOHN FISHER (1811–1865), Irish poet and humorist, eldest son of Dr. (afterwards Sir) James Murray [q. v.], was born in Belfast on 11 Feb. 1811, and after being educated in that town proceeded to Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated B.A. in 1830 and M.A. in 1832. His earliest productions apparently were published in 'Blackwood's Magazine,' to which he was for some years a constant contributor. There he wrote many amusing sketches of London life, afterwards reprinted separately, and also some stories and a series of papers in 1840, entitled 'Some Account of Himself, by the Irish Oyster Eater,' which have been attributed to William Maginn [q. v.] He also wrote for the 'Belfast Vindicator,' previous to 1840, and when the 'Nation' was started in 1842 contributed occasionally in its columns. His article entitled 'War with Everybody,' in its third number, was reprinted in 'The Voice of the Nation,' a collection of articles from the paper published in 1844. After a long interval he also wrote some poems for it over the signature of 'Maire,' one or two of which are still remembered. To the 'United Irishman' of 1848 Murray contributed a few characteristic pieces, and the 'Dublin University Magazine' contains a good many of his productions. His last years were spent in retirement, and his death took place in Dublin on 20 Oct. 1865. He was buried in Glasnevin. Murray's writings exhibit great satirical power, and were in their day widely popular. His 'Viceroy' is a scathing description of life in fashionable Dublin at the beginning of the century. His published volumes are: 1. 'The Court Doctor Dissected,' a severe pamphlet on the case of Lady Flora Hastings [q. v.], 8vo, London, 1839; fourth edition, 1839. 2. 'The Chinese and the Ministry,' 8vo, London, 1840. 3. 'The Viceroy,' a three-volume novel, 12mo, London, 1841. 4. 'The Environs of London Western Division,' 8vo, Edinburgh, 1842. 5. 'The World of London,' 2 vols. 8vo, Edinburgh, 1843; second series, 2 vols. 12mo, London, 1845.

 MURRAY,. LEIGH (d. 1892), actress. [See under .]

MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826), grammarian, was born at Swatara, Pennsylvania, on 22 April 1745. His father, Robert Murray, a member of an old quaker family, was one of the leading New York merchants. Murray was the eldest of twelve children, all of whom he survived, although, he was puny and delicate in childhood. When six years old, he was sent to school in Philadelphia, but soon left to accompany his parents to North Carolina, where they lived until 1753. They then removed to New York, where Murray was sent to a good school, but proved a 'heedless boy' (Autobiography'}. Contrary to his inclinations, he was placed when only fourteen in his father's counting-house. In spite of endeavours to foster in him the commercial spirit, the lad's interests were mainly concentrated in science and literature. Collecting his books, he escaped to Burlington, New Jersey, entered a boarding-school, and commenced to study French. His retreat was discovered, he was brought back to New York, and allowed a private tutor. His father still desired him to apply himself to commerce, but he stated arguments in favour of a literary profession so ably in writing that his father's lawyer advised him to let the lad study law. Four years later Murray was called to the bar, and practised as counsel and attorney in the province of New York. At the age of twenty-two he married, and in 1770 came to England, whither his father had preceded him, but Lindley returned in 1771 to New York. Here his practice became both large and lucrative, in spite of his conscientious care to 'discourage litigation, and to recommend a peaceable settlement of differences.' On the outbreak of hostilities in America, Murray went with his wife to Long Island, where four years were spent in fishing, sailing, and shooting. On the declaration of independence he returned to New York, and was so successful that he retired in 1783 to a beautiful place on the Hudson. His health failing, he decided to try the English climate. In 1784 he left America and never returned. The remainder of his life was spent in literary pursuits at Holgate, near York. His library became noted for its theological and philological treasures. He studied botany, and his garden was said to exceed in variety the Royal Gardens at Kew. The summer-house in which his grammars were composed still remains. Murray's first published work, 'The Power


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following list of variants of The Grateful Dead includes only such tales as have the fundamental traits, as sketched above, either expressed or clearly implied, Thus Der gute Gerhard, for example, is not mentioned because it has only the motive of The Ransomed Woman, while one of the folk-tales from Hungary is admitted because it follows in general outline one of the combined types to be discussed later, even though the burial of the dead is obscured. I cite by the short titles which will be used to indicate the stories in the subsequent discussion. The arrangement is roughly geographical.

In the apocryphal book of Tobit. According to Neubauer, The Book of Tobit, a Chaldee Text from a unique MS. in the Bodleian Library, 1878, p. xv, Tobit was originally written in Hebrew, although the Hebrew text preserved was taken from Chaldee. Neubauer (p. xvii) quotes Graetz, Geschichte der Juden, (2nd ed.) iv. 466, as saying that the book was written in the time of Hadrian, and he concludes that it cannot be earlier because it was unknown to Josephus. The correspondence with Sir Amadas, and thus with The Grateful Dead generally, seems to have been first noted by Simrock, p. 131 f, again by Köhler, Germania, iii. 203, by Stephens, p. 7, by Hippe, p. 142, etc.

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The New International Encyclopædia/Hermann, Friedrich Benedikt Wilhelm von

HERMANN, (1795-1868). A German political economist. He was born in Bavaria, and studied at the universities of Erlangen and Würzburg. His attention was early directed to mathematics and political economy. In 1823 he became privat-docent at the University of Erlangen; in 1825 he was called to the professorship of mathematics at the Gymnasium of Nuremburg; and in 1827 he became professor extraordinary of Kameralwissenschaften in the University of Munich. His great work, Staatswirtschaftliche Untersuchungen, which appeared in 1832, ranks as one of the most important contributions to German economics. In 1835 he was made member of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Science. He was inspector of technical instruction in Bavaria; in 1845 was appointed one of the Councilors to the Minister of the Interior; and in 1848 sat as a member for Munich in the National Assembly at Frankfort, where he was one of the founders of the so-called ‘Great-German Party,’ which opposed the rise of the hegemony of Prussia; in 1850 he assumed charge of the Bureau of Statistics, and in 1855 he became Councilor of State. He published a large number of pamphlets and papers on political, economic, and industrial subjects, and the annual reports which he published as head of the Bureau of Statistics entitle him to the rank of one of the founders of the science of statistics.


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The New International Encyclopædia/Hermann, Gottfried

HERMANN, (1772-1848). A German philologist. He was born at Leipzig, November 28, 1772; studied there and at Jena, and was made in 1798 professor extraordinary of philosophy at Leipzig. In 1803 he was professor of eloquence, becoming in addition professor of poetry in 1809, and in this position he remained till his death, December 31, 1848. The first department which he began to cultivate on original principles was metre, of which he attempted to develop a philosophical theory from the categories of Kant; and on this subject he wrote, besides his Handbuch der Metrik (1798), several Latin treatises, among which his Epitome Doctrinæ Metricæ (1818) reached a third edition in 1852. Of wider importance, however, was the new method which he introduced into the treatment of Greek grammar. The principles of this method are not only explicitly developed in his De Emendenda Ratione Græcæ Grammaticæ (1801), but are practically illustrated in his numerous editions of the ancient classics. Hermann's power of dealing with chronological, topographical, and personal questions is shown in his Opuscula (7 vols., Leipzig, 1827-30), which also

contain some poems. Consult: Jahn, Gottfried Hermann, eine Gedächtnisrede (Leipzig, 1849); Köchly, Gottfried Hermann (Heidelberg, 1874); Bursian, Geschichte der klassischen Philologie in Deutschland (Munich, 1883).


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A. von Haxthausen, Transkaukasia, 1856, i. 333 f. A modern folk-tale. Reprinted entire by Benfey, Pantschatantra, i. 219, note, and by Köhler, Germania, iii. 202 f. A somewhat inadequate summary is given by Hippe, p. 143; a better one is found in ''Arch. f. Slav. Phil. V. 43, by Köhler, who mentioned the tale again in Or. und Occ.'' ii. 328, and iii. 96. Summarized also by Sepp, p. 681, Groome, Folk-Lore, ix. 228 f., and mentioned by Wilhelmi, p. 45.

Reischer, Schaare Jeruschalajim, 1880, pp. 86-99. Summarized by Gaster, Germania, xxvi. 200-202, and from him by Hippe, pp. 143, 144. A modern folk-tale from Palestine.

Landes, Contes et légendes annamites, 1886, pp. 162, 163, "La reconnaissance de l'étudiant mort." A modern folk-tale.

Radloff, Proben der Volkslitteratur der türkischen Stämme Süd-Siberiens, 1866, i. 329-331. See Köhler, ''Arch. f. slav. Phil.'' v. 43. note.

Cicero, De Divinatione, i. 27, referred to again in ii. 65 and 66. Retold by Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta, i. 7; after him by Robert Holkot, Super Libros Sapientie, Lectio 103; and again by Chaucer in the ''Nun's Priest's Tale, Cant. Tales'', B, 4257-4294. For the relationship of Chaucer's anecdote to those in Latin see Skeat, note in his edition, Lounsbury, Studies in Chaucer, 1892, ii. 274, and Petersen, On the Sources of the Nonne Prestes Tale, 1898, pp. 106-117. Connected with The Grateful Dead by Freudenberg in a review of Simrock in Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande, xxv. 172. See also Köhler, Germania iii. 209, Liebrecht in Heidelberger Jahrbücher der Lit. lxi. 449, 450, and Sepp. p. 680. Not treated by Hippe.

A. G. Paspati, Études sur les Tchinghianés ou Bohémiens de l'Empire Ottoman, 1870, pp. 601-605, Translated from Paspati

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Fitzgerald Gerald, fifteenth earl of Desmond Earl James had shown his appreciation of the 'accident' that had removed his competitor, James Fitzmaurice, the so-called thirteenth earl [q. v.], from his path, by rewarding his brother, Maurice à totane, with the barony of Kerrykurrihy. But the cordial relations thus established between the two families came to an end with the accession of Gerald, fifteenth earl [q. v.], who appears to have regarded his uncle with jealousy, and to have treated him in a way that was resented by Maurice and his sons, who were soon at 'hot wars' with him. During the detention of the earl and his brother Sir John in England (1565-73), Fitzmaurice assumed the position of captain of Desmond, in which he was confirmed by the warrant of the earl himself, though not without protest on the part of Thomas Roe Fitzgerald. His conduct gave as little satisfaction to the government as had that of the earl. In July 1568 he entered Clanmaurice, the country of Thomas Fitzmaurice, lord of Lixnaw, nominally to distrain for rent, and, having captured two hundred head of cattle and wasted the country, was returning homewards when he was met by Lord Lixnaw himself (29 July), and utterly defeated by him. Hitherto he had lived on fairly good terms with the earl his cousin ; but about the end of 1568 the earl granted to Sir Warham St. Leger, in return probably for services rendered or to be rendered to him during his confinement, a lease of the barony of Kerrykurrihy. This he naturally regarded as an act of base ingratitude, and from that moment he seems to have entered on a line of conduct which could only have for its ultimate object the usurpation of the earldom of Desmond. 'James Fitzmaurice,' wrote Sir H. Sidney, 'understanding that I was arrived, and had not brought with me neither the earl nor Sir John his brother, which he thought I might and would have done, assembling as many of the Earl of Desmond's people as he could, declared unto them that I could not obtain the enlargement either of the earl or of his brother John, and that there was no hope or expectation of either of them but to be put to death or condemned to perpetual prison. And therefore (saying that that country could not be without an earl or a captain) willed them to make choice of one to be their earl or captain, as their ancestors had done. . . And according to this his speech, he wrote unto me, they forthwith, and as it had been with one voice, cried him to be their captain' (Cal. Carew MSS. ii. 342). Eleanor, countess of Desmond, was a shrewd woman, and she wrote to her husband (26 Nov. 1569) that Fitzmaurice had rebelled in order to bring him into further displeasure, and to usurp all his inheritance 'by the example of his father.' In June 1569 he and the Earl of Clancarty invaded Kerrykurrihy, spoiled all the inhabitants, took the castle-abbey of Tracton, hanged the garrison, and vowed never to depart from Cork unless Lady St. Leger and Lady Grenville were delivered up to him. His policy, even now, seems to have been to create a strong Roman catholic and anti-English sentiment, and to make an alliance with him as the head of the Irish catholic party an object of importance to the catholic powers of Europe. And here perhaps we may trace the finger of Father Wolf, the Jesuit. To this end he seduced the brothers of the Earl of Ormonde, and entered into a bond with the Earl of Thomond and John Burke, son of the Earl of Clanricarde. On 12 July he wrote to the mayor and corporation of Cork, ordering them to 'abolish out of that city that old heresy newly raised and invented.' When Sidney took the field about the end of July the rebellion had extended as far as Kilkenny, while at Cork Lady St. Leger and the English inhabitants were in instant danger of being surrendered to the enemy. By the end of September the deputy had practically broken the back of the rebellion, and, leaving Captain (afterwards Sir) Humphrey Gilbert to suppress Fitzmaurice, he returned to Dublin. Gilbert soon brought him 'to a very base estate,' compelling him to seek safety in the woods of Aharlow. No sooner, however, had Gilbert departed than he succeeded in collecting a new force, with which he spoiled Kilmallock (9 Feb. 1570). On 1 March a commission was given to Ormonde 'to parley, protect, or prosecute' the Earl of Thomond, James Fitzmaurice, and others, but without leading to any result. On 27 Feb. 1571 Sir John Perrot landed at Waterford as lord president, and prepared to put him down with a strong hand. But tie, we are told, 'knowing that the lord president did desire nothing more than the finishing of those wars,' proposed to terminate them by a duel, 'believing that the president's longing for a speedy issue, and his expectation thereof, would keep him for a time from further action.' He had, indeed, no intention of fighting, 'not so much,' he said, 'for fear of his life, but because on his life did depend the safety of all such as were of his party.' When Perrot at last discovered the artifice he was so enraged that he vowed 'to hunt the fox out of his hole' without delay. This he eventually did, but not without undergoing enormous fatigue, for his foe was a past master in the art of Irish strategy. After holding out for more than a year he


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The New International Encyclopædia/Hermann, Karl Friedrich

HERMANN, (1804-55). A German classical scholar. He was born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, and was educated at Heidelberg and Leipzig. In 1832 he was appointed professor of classical philology at the University of Marburg, and in 1842 succeeded O. Müller as professor of philology and archæology at the University of Göttingen, where he remained until his death. His principal works were his Lehrbuch der griechischen Antiquitäten (6th ed. 1882-92), a standard work on Greek antiquities; Geschichte und System der Platonischen Philosophie (1839); Kulturgeschichte der Griechen und Römer (1857-58); and text revisions of Plato (6 vols., 1851-52); Juvenal's Satires (1854); and Persius (1854). Consult Lechner, Zur Erinnerung an Karl Friedrich Hermann (Berlin, 1864).


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The New International Encyclopædia/Hermann, Robert

HERMANN, (1869—). A Swiss composer, born at Bern. He studied music at the Frankfort Conservatory in 1891, and with Humperdinck (1893-94). In 1895 the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra gave his Symphony in C, and since that time his compositions have met with increasing favor in Germany. His works include pieces for violin and piano, songs, a concert overture in D minor, quintets, trios, etc.


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The musician John Ella (1802-1888), updates:

http://www.hberlioz.com/others/RElla.htm http://www.leicestershirevillages.com/leicester/gallery.html?user=11653&scope=leicestershire

Kind regards, Raymond E.O.Ella, (Mr.).


text: Index:Malaysia Act 1963.pdf

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Section

 * 1) Malaysia.
 * 2) Consequential modifications of British Nationality Acts.
 * 3) Operation of existing law.
 * 4) Power to make consequential provisions.
 * 5) Judicial arrangements.
 * 6) Short title and repeals.

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text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Estate and House Agents


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Rh Matthews (J. W., M.D.) Incwadi Yami: Twenty years in South Africa. With many Engavings, royal 8vo, 14s. Maury (Commander) Physical Geography of the Sea, and its Meteorology. New Edition, with Charts and Diagrams, cr. 8vo, 6s. —— Life. By his Daughter. Edited by Mr. MARKHAM. With portrait of Maury. 8vo, 12s. 6d. Men of Mark: Portraits of the most Eminent Men of the Day. Complete in 7 Vols., 4to, handsomely bound, gilt edges, 25s. each. Mendelssohn Family (The), 1729–1847. From Letters and Journals. Translated. New Edition, 2 vols., 8vo, 30s. Mendelssohn. See also "Great Musicians." Merrifield's Nautical Astronomy. Crown Svo, 7s. 6d. Merry lees (J.) Carlsbad and its Environs. 7s. 6d.; roan, 9s. Milford (P.) Ned Stafford's Experiences in the United States. 5s. Mills (J.) Alternative Elementary Chemistry. Illust., cr. 8vo. —— Alernative Course in Physics. Mitchell (D. G.; Ik. Marvel) Works. Uniform Edition, small 8vo, 5s. each. Bound together. Doctor Johns. Dream Life. Out-of-Town Places. Reveries of a Bachelor. Seven Stories, Basement and Attic. Wet Days at Edgcwood. Mitford (Mary Russell) Our Village. With 12 full-page and 157 smaller Cuts. Cr. 4to, cloth, gilt edges, 21s. cheaper binding, 10s. 6d. Moffatt (W.) Land and Work; Depression, Agricultural and Commercial. Crown 8vo, 5s. Mohammed Benani: A Story of To-day. 8vo, 10s. 6d. Mollett (J. W.) Illustrated Dictionary of Words used in Art and Archaeology. Illustrated, small 4to, 15s. Moloney (Governor) Forestry of West Africa. 10s. 6d. Money (E.) The Truth about America. New Edition. 2s. 6d. ''Morlands, The. A Tale of Anglo-Indian Life''. By Author of "Sleepy Sketches." Crown 8vo, 6s. Morley (Henry) English Literature in the Reign of Victoria. 2000th volume of the Tauchnitz Collection of Authors. i8mo, 2s. 6d. Mormonism. See "Stenhouse." Morse (E. S.) Japanese Homes and their Surroundings. With more than 300 Illustrations. Re-issue, 10s. 6d. Morten (Honnor) Sketches of Hospital Life. Cr. 8vo, sewed, 1s. ''Morwood. Our Gipsies in City, Tent, and Van''. 8vo, i8s. Moxon (Walter) Pilocereus Senilis. Fcap. 8vo, gilt top, 3s. 6d. Muller (E.) Noble Words and Noble Deeds. Illustrated, gilt edges, 3s. 6d.; plainer binding, 2s. 6d.


text: Malaysia Act 1963

title: Malaysia Act 1963


text: Talk:Malaysia Act 1963

title: Talk:Malaysia Act 1963


text:
Author talk:William Connor Sydney

William Connor Sydney research

On 13 redlinks now - I'm not superstitious, but this must be a fairly well-known historian: has a couple of books on social history. Charles Matthews (talk) 22:20, 6 December 2009 (UTC) Publications indicate living in London, 1891
 * I can find
 * William C Sydney, b.c1869, shows as journalist 1891, and schoolmaster and preacher 1901. Son of Nellie Sydney. Died 1931 (age 62).  Though remainder of data looks sparse. Publish at 22?

The Times, Thursday, Apr 16, 1931; pg. 1; Issue 45798; col B SYDNEY.—On April 14, 1931, at 28, Highbury-grove, London, N.5, the. R.I.P.

 * William Sydney, b. 1850s, Dublin, Ireland. Journalist/author

 * Note cannot access a Crockford's in the right period. Nothing showing for Oxford, nor Cambridge. Pending billinghurst (talk) 01:33, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

Probate
England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations),1861-1941 — 1931 > S > Sy > 1

SYDNEY the reverend William Connor of 28 Highbury-grove Highbury Middlesex clerk died 14 April 1931 Probate London 18 May to Laura Bower Johnson spinster. Effects £227 19s. 9d.

title: Author talk:William Connor Sydney


text:
Page:Malaysia Act 1963.pdf/2

Rh

by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—

1.—(1) For the purpose of enabling North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore (in this Act referred to as "the new States") to federate with the existing States of the Federation of Malaya (in this Act referred to as "the Federation"), the Federation thereafter being called Malaysia, on the day on which the new States are federated as aforesaid (in this Act referred to as "the appointed day") Her Majesty's sovereignty and jurisdiction in respect of the new States shall be relinquished so as to vest in the manner agreed between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Federation and the new States.

(2) Her Majesty may by Order in Council enact State Constitutions to take effect for the new States immediately before the appointed day.

2.—(1) On and after the appointed day the British Nationality Acts 1948 and 1958 shall have effect as if in subsection (3) of section 1 of the Act of 1948 (which provides for persons to be British subjects or Commonwealth citizens by virtue of citizenship of certain countries) for the words "the Federation of Malaya, the State of Singapore" there were substituted the word "Malaysia".

title: Page:Malaysia Act 1963.pdf/2


text:
Author talk:Emma Catharine Sutton

Sutton researches
 Not finding anything immediate. The two articles are Joseph Fisher, an archdeacon of Carlisle, and George Fleming, a bishop of Carlisle. So perhaps a local historian. Charles Matthews (talk) 22:08, 6 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Emma Catharine Sutton (b.1838), (1881) step-daughter of William Pinnock, LLD, Vicar of Pinner, and prolific author; not found a death year
 * Catherine Emma Sutton (b.1865), m. 1890, John Johnson ???
 * Seems likely that that it is the former, though would want to see a little more evidence first. Father looks to be John Sutton, Vicar of Reepham. Pending billinghurst (talk)

Probate
England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations),1861-1941 Record for Emma Catharine Sutton 1892 > S > Su > 9 ; p. 231

SUTTON Emma Catharine of the Painter's House,Jerusalem Syria spinster died 9 December 1891. Probate London2 September to Clara Sutton and Edith Florence Sutton spinsters. Effects £1832 19s 8d.

title: Author talk:Emma Catharine Sutton


text:
Page:U.S. Department of the Interior Annual Report 1880.djvu/68

66 I would also make the following recommendations:

First. That a board of three competent persons be appointed by the President to superintend the laying out and building of roads and bridges and to make plans for further improvements, and to make the necessary contracts, and to audit the accounts therefor; the members of such board to receive no salary, but to have their actual expenses allowed while engaged in the discharge of their duties; that this board be authorized to employ a competent person as custodian of the park, at a salary of —— dollars, and also to organize a police force of at least ten members, to afford visitors the necessary protection and aid, to protect the craters of the geysers and basins of the hot springs from destruction and defacement, and to enforce the regulations mentioned below.

Secondly. That the Secretary of the Interior be authorized to invite the Academy of Science to designate a proper person to observe the extraordinary volcanic phenomena in the park, to analyze its waters, and to make a report thereon, a suitable compensation therefor to be fixed by this department.

In view of the fact that the destruction of game is going on in the Western country at a rapid rate; that some of the valleys of the National Park have for years been favorite places for the wholesale slaughter of elk and deer; that it would be desirable to preserve in some locality specimens of the more notable wild animals of that region, and that the Yellowstone Park appears to be a very suitable place for that purpose, I have deemed it proper, under the law authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to make regulations for the government of the park, to prohibit the hunting and killing of game in it altogether; while fishing, except with nets and seines, is to be left free. Regulations have also been made concerning the grazing of cattle on the pasture lands of the park. As the enforcement of some of these regulations will require the enactment of a law providing a penalty for their violation, a draught of a bill to that end will be submitted to the consideration of Congress.

GAS COMPANIES.

The report of the inspector of gas and meters shows that the gas companies of the District of Columbia have generally during the year furnished gas in purity and illuminating power equal to the requirements of the act of June 23, 1874.

The report of the inspector sets forth the results of experiments made in the early part of the present year to determine the quantity of light given by different burners consuming the same amount of gas, which will be of interest to the public.

The inspector suggests that the law should be so modified as to require the gas companies of the District, within a specified time, to replace all meters now in use which have not been inspected with meters which have been inspected, proved, and sealed, and, also, to require that when, for any purpose whatever, the heads of meters which have been inspected


text:
Translation:Shulchan Aruch/Orach Chaim/456

 The Quantities for Kneading Matzos'''

שעור כמות לישת המצות

Paragraph 1 - We do not knead dough for Passover that is bigger than the measurement of hallah, which is 43 beitzas and one fifth of an average beitzah; this is an issaron. One should measure it by first filling a container with water, then pouring that water to a different container. Afterwards, one should put 43 beitzas [into the original container] and return the water that was poured. The water that is left should be put into a different container. The container that holds this water is the size of the amount of flour to be used. The measure is leveled and not heaped. The quantity of Egyptian wheat flour is approximately 520 Egyptian derem. Rem"a: Don't compress the flour when measuring, because then it won't knead well. When measuring out flour, it is best to say that it is for the sake of the mitzvah (Mahari"l).

סעיף א - אין לשין לפסח עסה גדולה משעור חלה, שהיא ארבעים ושלש ביצים וחמש ביצה בינונים, והוא עשרון. וכן ישער אותה, ימלא כלי מים ויערה המים ממנו לכלי אחר, ואחר כך יתן בו ארבעים ושלש ביצים, ויחזיר בו המים שערה ממנו, והמים שיותרו יתנם בכלי אחר, והכלי המחזיק אותם הוא המדה למלאתו מקמח. והמדה מחוקה ולא גדושה, ושעורה מקמח חטה מצרית חמש מאות ועשרים דראהם מצרים בקרוב. הגה: ''ולא ידחק הקמח במדה, דאם כן לא ילוש יפה. וטוב לומר בשעת נתינת הקמח למדה, שעושה לשם מצווה (מהרי"ל).''

Paragraph 2 - If one kneads more than this quantity, it is permitted after the fact.

סעיף ב - אם לש יותר משעור זה, מתר בדיעבד.

Paragraph 3 - Even though we do not measure out flour on a holiday in order to knead, on the festive days of Passover when we do not make dough larger than an issaron, it is permitted to measure. There are those who forbid this and say to estimate roughly but not to take more than an issaron (and such is the practice).

סעיף ג - אף על פי שאין מודדין קמח ביום טוב ללוש, ביום טוב של פסח שאין לשין עסה גדולה מעשרון מתר למדד. ויש אוסרים, אלא יקח באמד הדעת, ולא ירבה על עשרון (והכי נהוג).

 * }


text:
User:RW Marloe

 * RW Marloe @ English Wikipedia

title: User:RW Marloe


text: Author:Edward Ernest Sikes

title: Author:Edward Ernest Sikes


text:
Page:U.S. Department of the Interior Annual Report 1880.djvu/67

Rh grotesque rock formations, and the intense coloring of the grand cañon of the Yellowstone River, present a spectacle in the highest degree grand and unique. So far, the larger part of the park has remained an almost unbroken wilderness. A wagon-road has been constructed from the Mammoth Hot Springs, near the northern border, to the geyser basins, a distance of about 55 miles, which, however, is very rough and imperfect in grading. The Shoshone and Yellowstone Lakes, the magnificent falls of the Yellowstone river, and some of the most interesting mountains and valleys are accessible only by trails and bridle-paths, in part of difficult passage. There is not a single hotel in the park to accommodate travelers; and while a stage line has been established to take visitors to the geyser basins, they are left there without any further means of conveyance. To accomplish the object for which the reservation was intended it is indispensably necessary that the road connecting the Mammoth Hot Springs with the geyser basins should be greatly improved; that wagon-roads should be constructed from there to Shoshone and Yellowstone Lakes; that a bridge should be built across the Yellowstone River above its falls; and that a further system of wagon-roads be laid out in the direction of the mountain ranges south, east, and north of Yellowstone Lake. It is also necessary, in my opinion, that the department be authorized to lease little tracts of land at different points of interest to private persons willing to erect hotels, under such regulations as may be devised for the protection and convenience of the public. The law as it stands authorizes this department to conclude such leases for ten years; but it will be difficult to find responsible persons willing to erect suitable buildings on so short a tenure. Only one proposition of this kind has reached the department. I would, therefore, recommend that the department be authorized to make the leases for a term of at least thirty years, upon such conditions as, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Interior, the interests of the traveling public may require. I have no doubt that if the territory of the park were disposed of by sale or otherwise to private persons, private enterprise would soon furnish all the conveniences necessary without any outlay on the part of the government; but it is also probable that under such circumstances the traveling public would be subjected to tolls and extortions of so annoying and burdensome a nature that thereby the original intention of Congress would be virtually defeated and the park become a place of resort only to persons of large means. I deem it, therefore, important, if the intention with which the reservation was originally made is not to be defeated, that the government retain control of the park; but if it does, it is also the plain duty of the government to take such measures as are necessary to make it practically accessible to the people. To this end an appropriation for next year of at least $50,000 for the construction of a suitable system of roads and bridges would seem advisable.
 * 51


text:
Page:U.S. Department of the Interior Annual Report 1880.djvu/75

Rh upon the books of which for the year are borne the names of 1,949 patients.

This hospital subserves an urgent need of this community, and the continuance of provision for it is commended to the attention of Congress.

The expense of the support and medical treatment of each patient in this hospital is about fifty cents a day.

TERRITORIES.

UTAH.

The governor of Utah reports a falling off in the number of agricultural claims initiated in the Territory as compared with the preceding year.

The number of mineral applications has largely increased, more than doubling that of any previous year, and the number of mineral entries exceeds that of the preceding year by about 24 per cent.

The number of cattle is about 200,000, while there have been driven from the Territory during the year not less than 50,000, at an average price of $15.50 per head. The number of sheep is fully 500,000, with a yield of about 2,000,000 pounds of wool, disposed of at about 20 cents per pound. To prevent a decrease in the business of stock raising, the governor favors legislation which will allow stock-raisers to obtain rights other than those given by common consent and by existiug law.

Notwithstanding the drought during the summer of 1879, the yield of the cereals proved to be an average one.

The crops of 1880 have, however, been somewhat injured by the dearth of water during the summer of 1879, followed by a severe and prolonged winter. Dry farming has greatly increased by reason of the rapidly increasing population and the cost and difficulty in constructing irrigating canals.

While this is true, the area reached by irrigating canals is yearly being increased, and much land hitherto untitled is by means of irrigation being brought under cultivation and dotted with farm-houses. The population of the Territory is 145,000, showing an increase of 60 per cent. over that of ten years ago. About one-half of this increase has been drawn by the mines of the Territory. The remaining half has been the result of natural increase by birtb, together with the proselyting work of the missionaries sent out by the Mormon Church.

The governor believes that the mines of Utah will prove among the richest and most productive of any in the West.

Responsible mining men are reducing mining enterprises to a practical business basis, and many good mining districts heretofore inaccessible are now by railroads brought into close connection with the markets, and much of the ore, which on account of its low grade was unprofitable, has now by the superior methods of reducing and extracting become


text:
Author:Eduard Georg Sievers

Works

 * Der Heliand und die Angelsächsische Genesis ("The Heliand and the Anglo-Saxon Genesis", 1876)
 * (in part)
 * An Old English Grammar (Angelsächsische Grammatik) (1882) – translated by Albert Stanburrough Cook. 1st ed. (1885); 2nd ed. (1887) ; 3rd ed. (1903).

title: Author:Eduard Georg Sievers


text:
Author:Henry Seton-Karr

Works

 * (Small Arms)
 * (with section Military Rifles of To-day by Charles Francis Atkinson)
 * (with section Military Rifles of To-day by Charles Francis Atkinson)
 * (with section Military Rifles of To-day by Charles Francis Atkinson)

title: Author:Henry Seton-Karr


text:
Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/25

 by F. H. Groome, Gypsy Folk-Tales, 1899, pp. 1-3. Summarized by Köhler, ''Arch. f. slav. Phil.'' v. 43 and carelessly by Hippe, p. 143. This tale was heard near Adrianople. Cited by Foerster, Richars li Biaus, p. xxviii, and by Wilhelmi, p. 45.

J. G. von Hahn, Griechische und albanesische Märchen, 1864, no. S3, pp. 288-295, "Belohnte Treue." Summarized in part by Hippe, p. 149. See also Liebrecht, ''Heid. Jahrbücher'', lxi. 451, and by Groome, Folk-Lore, ix. 243. This tale was found in northern Euboea.

Hans Stumme, Maltesische Märchen, Gedichte und Rätsel, 1904, no. 12, pp. 39-45.

I.

Afansjew, Russische Volksmärchen, Heft 6, p. 323 f. Analyzed by Schiefner, ''Or. und Occ.'' ii. 174, 175, and after him by Hippe, p. 144, with some omissions. See Köhler, ''Or. und Occ.'' iii. 93-103, and Sepp, p. 684.

II.

Chudjakow, Grossrussische Märchen, Heft 3, pp. 165-168. Translation by Schiefner, ''Or. und Occ.'' iii. 93-96 in article by Köhler. In English by Groome, Folk-Lore, ix. 229 ff. Summarized by Köhler, ''Arch. f. slav. Phil.'' v. 43, and (with an important omission) by Hippe, pp. 144, 145. See Köhler's notes in Gonzenbach, Sicilianische Märchen, ii. 250.

III.

Reproduced from an illustrated folk-book in the Publications of the Society of Friends of Old Literature in St. Petersburg, 1880, no. 49. Summarized by V. Jagić, ''Arch. f. slav. Phil.'' v. 480, and by Hippe, p. 145. Jagić remarks that the tale must have been widely known in Russia in the eighteenth century, though clearly of foreign origin.

IV.

Dietrich, Russische Volksmärchen in den Urschrift gesammelt, 1831, no. 16, pp. 199-207. English translation, ''Russian Popular Tales. Translated from the German Version of Anton Dietrich,''

title: Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/25


text: The Grateful Dead; the history of a folk story/Bibliography


text:
Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/26

 1857, pp. 179-186. "Sila Zarewitsch und Iwaschka mit dem weissen Hemde." Like other tales in the collection this was taken from a popular print bought at Moscow. Mentioned by Benfey, Pantschatantra, i. 220, and by Köhler, ''Or. u. Occ.'' ii. 328.

V.

P. V. Šejn, Materialien zur Kenntniss der russischen Bevölkerung von Nordwest-Russland, 1893, ii. 66-68, no. 33. Cited by Polívka in ''Arch. f. slav. Phil.'' xix. 251.

VI.

P. V. Šejn, work cited, ii. 401-407, no 227. Cited by Polívka, ''Arch. f. slav. Phil.'' xix. 262.

I.

Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, 2nd ed. of his Servian folk-tales, 1870. Translated by Madam Mijatovies (Mijatovich), Serbian Folk-Lore, 1874, p. 96. Summarized from Servian by Köhler, ''Arch. f. slav. Phil.'' ii. 631, 632, and from him by Hippe, p. 145.

II.

Summarized from Gj. K. Stefanović's collection, 187 1, no. 15, by Jagić in ''Arch. f. slav. Phil.'' v. 40 f. with the title "Vlatko und der dankbare Todte." Thence by Hippe, p. 145.

III.

Jagić in ''Arch. f. slav. Phil.'' v. 41 f, from Stojanović's collection, no. 31. Hippe's summary, p. 146, is exceedingly brief and faulty.

IV.

Jagić, ''Arch. f. slav. Phil. v. 42, from Matica'', B. 105 (A.D. 1863, St. Novaković). Summary of this by Hippe, p. 146. Jagić calls the tale "Ein Goldfisch."

V.

Krauss, Sagen und Märchen der Südslaven, 1883, i. 385-388, "Der Vilaberg." Summarized by Dutz, p. 11.

title: Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/26


text:
Page talk:EB1922 - Volume 32.djvu/551

Notes on authors mentioned here

 * C. V. Drysdale appears to be Charles V. Drysdale. Dates not found.
 * F. L. Hopwood is Frank Lloyd Hopwood (1884-1954).
 * Carcharoth (talk) 19:04, 22 May 2011 (UTC)

Other EB 1922 articles

 * The reference to the article 'RANGE-FINDERS' appears to be referring to the article 'RANGE-FINDERS AND POSITION-FINDERS', which is found on pages 242 to 249 of volume 32 of the 1922 EB (see index here).
 * The reference to the article 'WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY' appears to be referring to the article 'WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY', which is found on pages 1022 to 1029 of volume 32 of the 1922 EB (see index here).
 * Carcharoth (talk) 20:20, 22 May 2011 (UTC)

title: Page talk:EB1922 - Volume 32.djvu/551


text:
Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/27

 VI.

Krauss, work cited, i. 114-119. "Fuhrmann Tueguts Himmelswagen." From the manuscript collection of Valjavec. Summarized by Dutz, p. 18, note 2.

Waldau, Böhmisches Märchenbuch, 1860, pp. 213-241. Mentioned by Köhler, ''Or. und Occ.'' ii. 329, and by Hippe, p. 146. Summarized by the former, ''Or. und Occ.'' iii. 97 f.

K. W. Wójcicki, Klechdy, Starožytne podania i powieści ludowe, 2nd ed., Warsaw, 1851. Translated into German by F. H. Lewestam, Polnische Volkssagen und Märchen, 1839, pp. 130 ff; into English by A. H. Wratislaw, Sixty Folk-Tales from exclusively Slavonic Sources, 1889, pp. 121 ff.; and into French by Louis Leger, Recueil de contes populaires slaves, 1882, pp. 119 ff. Summarized by Köhler, Germania, iii. 200 f., and by Hippe, pp. 146 f. See also Sepp, p. 684, Dutz, p. 11, Groome, Gypsy Folk-Tales, p. 3, note, and Arivau, Folk-Lore de Proaza, 1886, p. 205.

Lydia Schischmánoff, Légendes religieuses bulgares, 1896, no. 77, pp. 202-209, "Le berger, son fils, et l'archange."

I.

L. Geitler, Litauische Studien, 1875, pp. 21-23. Analyzed by Köhler, ''Arch. f. slav. Phil.'' ii. 633, and after him briefly by Hippe, p. 147, as his "Lithuanian II."

II.

Köhler, ''Arch. f. slav. Phil.'' ii. 633 i. From Prussian Lithuania. Summarized by Hippe, p. 147, as his "Lithuanian III."

title: Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/27


text:
Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/28

 I.

G. Stier, Ungarische Sagen und Märchen, 1850, pp. 110-122. Mentioned by Köhler, Germania, iii. 202, and by Hippe, p. 147.

II.

G. Stier, Ungarische Volksmärchen, 1857, pp. 153-167. Summarized by Köhler, Germania, iii. 199 f., and too briefly by Hippe, p. 148.

I.

Arthur Schott, Neue walachische Märchen, in Hackländer and Hoefer's Hausblätter, 1857, iv. 470-473. Mentioned by Stephens, p. 10, Hippe, p. 147, and Benfey, Pantschatantra, ii. 532.

II.

F. Obert. Romänische Märchen und Sagen aus Siebenbürgen, in Das Ausland, 1858, p. 117. Mentioned by Köhler, Germania, iii. 202, and by Hippe, p. 147.

Haltrich, Deutsche Volksmärchen aus dem Sachsenlande in Siebenbürgen, 1856, pp. 42-45. Analyzed by Köhler, ''Or. und Occ.'' ii. 326, and incompletely by Hippe, p. 148. Mentioned by Stephens, p. 10, and Sepp, p. 684.

I.

Schiefner, ''Or. und Occ.'' ii. 175 f., whence the analysis by Hippe, p. 148.

II.

Reisen in mehrere russische Gouvernements in den Jahren 1801, 1807 und 1815, 1830, V. 186-192, from Ein Ausflug nach Esthland im Junius 1807. Reprinted by Kletke, Märchensaal, 1845, ii. 60-62. Summarized by Dutz, p. 18, note 3.

Liebrecht, Germania, xxiv. 131, 132. Communicated by Schiefner from Suomen, Kansan Satuja, Helsingfors, 1866. Summarized by Hippe, pp. 148 f.

F. Maspons y Labrós, Lo Rondollayre: Quentos populars catalans, Segona Série, 1872, no. 5, pp. 34-37. Analyzed by

title: Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/28


text:
Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/29

 Liebrecht, ''Heid. Jahrbücher der Lit.'' lxv. 894 (1872), and after him by Hippe, p. 151. Mentioned by d'Ancona, Romania, iii. 192, and by Foerster, Richars li Biaus, p. xxviii.

Duran, Romancero general, 1849-51, ii. 299-302, nos. 1291, 1292. Summarized by Köhler, ''Or. und Occ.'' ii. 323 f. and after him by Cosquin, Contes populaires, i. 215, and by Hippe, p. 151. Mentioned by Sepp, p. 686.

Comedy in two parts, Don Juan de Castro. According to J. R. Chorley, Catálogo de comedias y autos de Frey Félix de Vega Carpio, p. 5, this play is to be found in Part xix. of the Comedias published in 1623 (later issues 1624, 1625, and 1627). A. Schaeffer, Geschichte des spanischen Nationaldramas, 1890, i. 141, says that the second part, called Las aventuras de don Juan de Alarcos, is in Part xxv. of Lope's comedies. The entire play is edited by Hartzenbusch, Comedias Escogidas de Lope de Vega, iv. 373 ff. and 395 ff. in the Biblioteca de autores españoles, lii. Schaefifer, pp. 141, 142, gives a careful summary of the play, and Köhler, ''Or. und Occ.'' iii. 100 f., gives another. The latter is followed by Hippe, p. 151. Mentioned by Duran, Romancero general, ii. 299, by Sepp, p. 686, and by Wilhelmi, pp. 45 ff. and 60.

El Mejor Amiga el Muerto, by Luis de Belmonte, Francisco de Rojas, and Pedro Calderon de la Barca, in Biblioteca de autores españoles, xiv. 471-488, and in Comedias escogidas de los mejores ingenios de España, 1657, ix. 53-84. Analyzed by Köhler, ''Or. und Occ.'' iii. 100 f., and briefly after him by Hippe, p. 151. Mentioned by Sepp, p. 686, and by Wilhelmi, pp. 60 f. Schaeffer, work cited, ii. 283 f., says that a play of this name was written by Belmonte alone in 1610, which was revised about 1627 with the aid of Rojas and Calderon.

title: Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/29


text:
Page talk:EB1922 - Volume 32.djvu/553

Authors mentioned here

 * Toepler could be August Toepler or Maximilien Toepler.
 * L. V. King is Louis Vessot King (1886-1956).
 * Dates for Ernst Ruhmer not found.
 * Carcharoth (talk) 19:32, 22 May 2011 (UTC)

title: Page talk:EB1922 - Volume 32.djvu/553


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Fitzgerald was forced to sue for pardon, 'which at length the lord president did consent to, and James Fitzmaurice came to Kilmallock, where in the church the lord president caused him to lie prostrate, taking the point of the lord president's sword next his heart, in token that he had received his life at the queen's hands, by submitting himself unto her mercy. And so he took a solemn oath to be and continue a true subject unto the queen and crown of England' (23 Feb. 1573). He gave up one of his sons as hostage, and Perrot wrote to Burghley that from his conduct he almost expected him to prove 'a second St. Paul.' On the return of the Earl of Desmond he exerted himself to induce that nobleman to assume a position of irreconcilable enmity to England, but, finding him more inclined to submit to 'reasonable terms,' he determined to retire to the continent. His object in so doing, he said to some, was to obtain pardon from Elizabeth through the mediation of the French court; to others he declared that he was compelled to leave Ireland by the unkindness of his cousin. One excuse was probably as good as another. In March 1575, accompanied by the White Knight and the seneschal of Imokilly, he and his family sailed on board La Arganys for France, and a few days afterwards landed at St. Malo, where they were all cordially received by the governor. From St. Malo he proceeded to Paris, where he had several interviews with Catherine de' Medici. He promised largely, we are told, offering in return for assistance to make Henry III king of Ireland. During 1575-6 he remained in the neighbourhood of Paris, and received a pension of five thousand crowns, which, considering the scarcity of money, Dr. Dale shrewdly conjectured was not 'pour ses beaux yeux.' But finding that he was merely a pawn in the delicate game that Elizabeth and Catherine were playing, he, early in 1577, left France to try his fortunes at the Spanish court. Here the crown of Ireland was offered to Don John; but Philip, with the Netherlands and Portugal on his hands, had no inclination to break openly with England; so, leaving his two sons Maurice and Gerald under the protection of Cardinal Granvelle, who had taken a fancy to them, he went on to Italy, where he met with a much more satisfactory reception from Gregory XIII. At the papal court he fell in with Stukely, and a plan was soon on foot for the invasion of Ireland, the crown this time being promised to the pope's nephew. Leaving Stukely to follow with the main body of the invading force, Fitzmaurice, accompanied by Dr. Sanders, papal nuncio, and Matthew de Oviedo, sailed from Ferrol in Galicia on 17 June 1579 with a few troops which he had gathered together, having with him his own vessel and three Spanish shallops. In the Channel two English vessels were captured, and on 16 July they arrived in the port of Dingle in Kerry, where they took possession of the Fort del Ore. On the 18th they cast anchor in Smerwick harbour, where on the 25th they were joined by two galleys with a hundred soldiers. Four days later, however, their ships were captured by the English fleet. Fitzmaurice's first concern was to despatch an urgent but ineffectual exhortation to the Earls of Desmond and Kildare, as heads of the Geraldines, to join with him in throwing off the yoke of the heretic, and then, leaving his soldiers in the Fort del Ore to await the arrival of Stukely, he went to pay a vow at the monastery of the Holy Cross in Tipperary. On his way thither he was slain in a skirmish (the merits of which are somewhat uncertain) by his cousin, Theobald Burke. He married Katharine, daughter of W. Burke of Muskerry, by whom he had two sons, Maurice and Gerald, and a daughter. [The chief authorities for his life are Hamilton's Irish Calendar; Crosby's Foreign Calendar; Geraldine Documents, ed. Hayman and Graves; Rawlinson's Life of Sir John Perrot; Hogan's Ibernia Ignatiana; Moran's Catholic Archbishops of Dublin; Calendar of Carew MSS. i. 397; Kerry Magazine, No. 31; O'Daly's Initium, incrementa, et exitus familiæ Geraldinorum; O'Sullevan's Historiæ Catholicæ Iberniæ Compendium; Annals of the Four Masters; Annals of Loch Cé; Cox's Hibernia Anglicana; Bagwell's Ireland under the Tudors, vol. ii. In the Kilkenny Archæological Society's Journal, July 1859, will be found a collection of Irish letters by Fitzgerald, translated and edited by Dr. O'Donovan.]  FITZGERALD, JAMES, commonly called the, or the (1570?–1601), was elder son of Gerald Fitzgerald, fifteenth earl of Desmond (d. 1583) [q. v.], by his second marriage with Eleanor, daughter of Edmund Butler, lord Dunboyne. He was born in England about 1570, and the queen was his godmother. When his father renounced his allegiance to the English crown in 1579, the child seems to have been resident in Ireland. His mother, to dissociate him from his father's ill fortune, delivered him up to Sir William Drury, an acting lord justice, who sent him to Dublin Castle. On 28 Aug. 1582 the countess bitterly complained to Lord Burghley that his education was utterly neglected, and petitioned for better treatment ( and, 91). On 17 Nov. 1583, and on 9 July


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Rh The present church is of the beginning of the twelfth century, and the architecture is of the plainest and most severe Romanesque. On the tympanum of the west door is a figure of Christ between the evangelistic symbols, but so weathered as to be scarcely distinguishable. In the interior is the marble tomb of S. Savin; far more ancient than the present church, it is a rude, early sarcophagus. But what is of special interest are the two large paintings on wood, each in nine compartments, representing the legend of the saint, the inscriptions under each group are in patois. In the sacristy are preserved the hood and comb of Savin. A "bénétier des cagots" is a holy water vessel, near the entrance, supported by figures, supposed to represent members of the proscribed race. The organ case is of 1557, and is adorned with three faces that loll their tongues and roll their eyes, hardly to the edification of the congregation, when the bellows are worked. The village itself of S. Savin is small, silent, and deserted, and impresses one with a sense of melancholy. But the great beauty of S. Savin is the view one enjoys from it, especially from the chapel of the Pietà, of the upper portion of the basin of the Valley of Argelez. Villages and hamlets are strewn thick over it and on the mountain side opposite. One can see up the Valley of Isaby to the ruin of Saint Orens, and the Pic de Viscos towering as a pyramid above Pierrefite, where open the gorges of the Gave from Luz and from Cauterets. A scramble up the Valley of Isaby to S. Orens will repay the trouble. Orens was born at Huescar, in the marches of Aragon. He sold his estate and retired as a hermit to the Valley of Lavedan. He was elected Bishop of Auch about 419, and

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Fitzgerald 1584 his gaolers applied to the English authorities for his removal to the Tower of London. Their second petition was successful, and before the close of 1584 the lad was carried to the Tower, to remain a prisoner there for sixteen years. On 17 June 1593 he wrote pathetically to Cecil that 'only by being born the unfortunate son of a faulty father, [he] had never since his infancy breathed out of prison.' Between 1588 and 1598 innumerable accounts are extant detailing payment in behalf of 'James Garolde,' as the prisoner was called, for medicines, ointments, pills, syrups, and the like, particulars which suggest a very feeble state of health. The 'wages' of the youth's schoolmaster appear in the accounts, and many letters are extant to testify to the thoroughness of the teaching as far as it went.

Fitzgerald's condition underwent a great change in the autumn of 1600. Tyrone's rebellion was still unchecked. In Munster the Geraldine faction was united by Tyrone's influence against the English government, in the support of James Fitzthomas Fitzgerald, the Sugan Earl [q. v.], who, being the heir of the disinherited elder son of James, fourteenth earl of Desmond, had been put forward by the rebel leaders as the only rightful earl of Desmond. To break the union between the Geraldine faction and the other rebels, Sir George Carew, president of Munster, suggested that the imprisoned James Fitzgerald should be sent to the province, and paraded as the genuine earl of Desmond. It was confidently expected that the Geraldine faction would at once transfer their allegiance to the youthful prisoner. Elizabeth disliked the scheme. Cecil doubted its wisdom, but finally gave way. Fitzgerald was to assume the title of Earl of Desmond, and a patent passed the great seal, with the proviso that if the earl had an heir, the heir should bear the title of Baron Inchiquin. The new earl was to have none of his father's lands restored to him, and was to be in the custody of a governor, Captain Price, together with a gentleman named Crosbie, and the protestant archbishop of Cashel, Miler Magrath. Captain Price was ordered to indoctrinate his charge with the necessity of supporting the queen, of adhering to the protestant religion, and of maintaining a very frugal household. Cecil directed Carew to leave Fitzgerald all the appearances of liberty, but he was to be closely watched and placed under restraint if he showed the slightest sign of sympathy with the government's enemies. The party left Bristol for Cork on 13 Oct. 1600. The earl suffered terribly from sea-sickness, and was landed at Youghal. The Geraldines welcomed him with enthusiasm, although the mayor of Cork was not very courteous. The earl travelled quickly to Carew's headquarters at Mallow, and thence to the centre of the Geraldine district at Kilmallock (18 Oct.), where Sir George Thornton, the English commander, provided him with lodging. The people still treated him with favour, and although he found his position irksome, he faithfully preached to them Elizabeth's clemency and the desirability of making peace with her. But on Sunday, the 19th, while his followers were expecting him to join them at worship in the catholic chapel, he ostentatiously made his way to the protestant church. This act broke the spell, and the people's acclamations changed to hooting. On 14 Nov., however, Thomas Oge, an officer in the service of the Sugan Earl, who held a fortress called Castlemang, surrendered it to the new earl, and the latter dwelt with pride on the victory in a letter to Cecil (18 Dec.) But this was Desmond's only success. Cecil saw that his presence in Ireland had no effect on the rebellious population, and his guardians found him difficult to content with the narrow means at their command. He resented living on 500l. a year, the allowance made him by the government, and desired to marry a certain widow Norreys, to which Cecil objected. Cecil held out hopes that a more suitable marriage could be arranged in England. At the end of March 1601 he came to London with a letter from Carew highly recommending him for a grant of land and a settled income in consideration of his loyalty. On 31 Aug. 1601 he appealed to Cecil for aid, and for some of the lands lately held by the Sugan Earl. He described himself as penniless, despised, and without the means to present himself at court. Chamberlain, writing to Carleton, 14 Nov. 1601, says that 'the young earl of Desmond died here [i.e. London] the last week' (Letters temp. Eliz., Camd. Soc., 122) ; but it was not until 14 Jan. 1601-2 that the privy council formally announced his death, and released the persons who had accompanied him to Ireland from the charge of attendance upon him. On 17 Jan. 1601-2 one of these persons, named William Power, appealed for pecuniary assistance in behalf of the earl's four sisters, who were suffering greatly from poverty. Irish writers suggest that the earl was poisoned, but there is nothing to support the suggestion. [Hayman and Graves's Unpublished Geraldine Documents, pt. ii. pp. 80 et seq. ; Pacata Hibernia, 1633, i. cap. 14, p. 800 ; Gent. Mag. 1863 pt. ii. 414-25, 1864 pt. ii. 28-39 ; Cal. State Papers (Domestic), 1601-3, pp. 13, 134; Cal. Carew MSS. 1600-1.]


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160 was dispatched as ambassador from Theodoric the Ostrogoth to sue for peace from Aetius, the Roman general, and was successful. He was the author of a religious poem, the "Commonitorium," still extant, and died in 439 at his monastery in the Lavedan, to which he had retired at an advanced age from his see. This monastery had fallen into bad ways in the eighteenth century, and the repute of the monks was so evil that the Bishop of Tarbes visited it in 1738. The prior took to his heels when he heard that an investigation into his malpractices was to be held. At the time the entire community was reduced to prior, sacristan, and a single monk, and these no longer resided in the monastery, but lodged with the cureé of Villelongue. In the procès instituted against the convent we read:—

"One of the three above-mentioned is the craftiest and most dangerous man conceivable. He is the cock of the village. He attempted to murder the prior. He stole one of the chalices. The other monk is the most imbecile and stupid creature in the place. He has lived on in the house for the last fifty years, and does not know how to read."

The ruins of the church stand boldly above the torrent that descends in a series of cascades. The stream may be followed up to the Lake of Isaby, from which it rises. The basin of Argelez comes abruptly to an end at Pierrefite, surmounted by a ruined castle; here the Pic de Viscos divides, with the chain running from it, the valleys of Luz and of Cauterets; the Gaves from these break out of the cleft rock, for that is what Pierrefite means, on one side and on the other, and here unite. At this point terminates the railway; but hence electric trams ply to Cauterets up one ravine, and to Luz up the other. The line to Cauterez rises rapidly up steep inclines and

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Rh describing curves that command views down the chasm where the Gave boils and thunders. A tunnel is entered, passed through, and the view back of the sun-bathed, fertile Valley of Argelez, of the walnuts and chestnuts of S. Savin, is excluded. We have passed from one world into another; from golden sunlight into mountain gloom, from one vegetation to another as well. The rocks add to the effect of transition, for they are of dark schist streaked with ferruginous stains, and there are long spreading refuse slides from the lead mines of Pierrefite, too poisonous to allow any shrub, even grass, to grow on them. There are no gaps up which the eye can look to gleaming snow fields, till all at once we emerge on the basin of Cauterets, where the mountains fall back and open and show us the sunlit snow, and a river dancing down in a fine fall, and before us a bit of Paris dropped out of the clouds into this solitude.

But Cauterets and Luz must be reserved for another chapter.

I cannot quit the radiant Valley of Argelez without a kindly tribute to the simple, warm-hearted peasantry. As I have already said, we spent a summer in a château on the mountain side, high up opposite Argelez. My mother visited the poor cottagers, and where there was sickness did what every English lady would do, sent relief, and did better than that, showed tender sympathy. When we left, in the autumn, to return for the winter to Pau, our carriage was surrounded by the poor people, bringing their humble offerings of stewed pears, grapes, figs, apples, cakes, and we were laden with their gifts, more than we could consume, but were unable to refuse; and what was better still, as we whirled away, were attended by their best wishes, and not a few sincere regrets and tears.

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 into the pockets of the squires. In the middle of the seventeenth century every one of these villages is under a private landlord: before the close of it even the theoretical link of their feudal dependence upon the Crown is snapped: and the two centuries between that time and our own have seen the power of the new landlords steadily maintained and latterly vastly increased.

Apart from the transfer of the monastic manors there was yet another way in which the Dissolution of the religious houses helped on the establishment of the landed oligarchy in the place of the old National Government. The monasteries had owned not only these full manorial rights, but also numerous parcels of land scattered up and down in manors whose lordship was already in private hands. These parcels, like the small lay freeholds, which they resembled, formed nuclei of resistance to the increasing power of the squires.

The point is of very considerable importance, though not easy to seize for anyone unacquainted with the way in which the territorial oligarchy has been built up or ignorant of the present conditions of English village life. At the close of the Middle Ages the lord of a manor in England, though possessed of a larger proportion of the land than were his colleagues in other countries, but rarely could claim so much as one half of the acreage of a parish;

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Rupert, Prince, attempts to recapture Abingdon, 94

begins the civilisation of England, 98

St Frideswides receives new Protestant bishopric of Oxford, 114 St John, Chapel of, in Tower, windows of, 91

Sandford, change in character of soil at, 8 Saxon Chronicle, first mention of Oxford in, 58

Seymour, obtains Chertsey, 178; obtains Radley, 178

Sheen, monastery of, late foundation of, 117

Sir Philip Hoby obtains Bisham, 176

Smith. See Cromwell

Somerford Keynes, ford at, 23

Sonning, fate of land of, 181, 182

Squires. See Oligarchy

Stephen, Civil Wars under, Tower besieged during, 90 Stonehouse obtains Radley, 178 Stow, in Lincolnshire, mother house at Eynsham, 115

Stratton, monastic lands of, sold by Oliver Williams, 172

Stuart contrasted with weakness of Tudor character, 159

Sweyn at Oxford, 59

Talbot, Member of the Commons consenting to loot of monasteries, 157

Taxes a basis for calculation of prices, 143, 144

Tenant right under monastic system, 162

Thomas Rowland, last Abbot of Abingdon, 150

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Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961/1980-04-16

as amended by

Provincial Executive Committees Act, No. 28 of 1962

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 65 of 1962

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 9 of 1963

Provincial Councils and Executive Committees Act, No. 22 of 1963

Coloured Persons Education Act, No. 47 of 1963

Provincial Executive Committees Act, No. 64 of 1963

Indians Education Act, No. 61 of 1965

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 83 of 1965

Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 102 of 1965

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 37 of 1966

Second Finance Act, No. 58 of 1966

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 9 of 1967

Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act, No. 50 of 1968

Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 79 of 1968

Powers and Privileges of Provincial Councils Amendment Act, No. 37 of 1969

General Law Amendment Act, No. 101 of 1969

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 1 of 1971

Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 93 of 1971

Provincial Finance and Audit Act, No. 18 of 1972

Provincial Affairs Act, No. 61 of 1972

General Law Amendment Act, No. 102 of 1972

Constitution and Elections Amendment Act, No. 79 of 1973

General Law Amendment Act, No. 62 of 1973

Parliamentary Service Act, No. 33 of 1974

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 48 of 1974

Second Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 77 of 1974

Exchequer and Audit Act, No. 66 of 1975

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 60 of 1976

Financial Relations Act, No. 65 of 1976

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 30 of 1977

Proclamation No. R. 249 of 1977

Second Black Laws Amendment Act, No. 102 of 1978

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 99 of 1979

Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 100 of 1979

Republic of South Africa Constitution Third Amendment Act, No. 28 of 1980

Republic of South Africa Constitution Second Amendment Act, No. 31 of 1980

43. (1) For the purposes of any division of the provinces into electoral divisions, the quota of each province shall be obtained by dividing the number of white voters in the province, in terms of the current voters’ lists, duly corrected up to the latest possible date, by the number of members of the House of Assembly to be elected therein in terms of section 40.

(2) Each province shall be divided into electoral divisions in such a manner that each such division shall, subject to the provisions of subsection (3), contain a number of voters as nearly as may be equal to the quota of the province.

(3) The delimitation commission shall give due consideration to―

community or diversity of interests; means of communication; physical features; boundaries of existing electoral divisions; sparsity or density of population; probability of increase or decrease of population; local authority and magisterial district boundaries,

in such manner that, while taking the quota of voters as the basis of division, the commission may depart therefrom whenever it is deemed necessary, but in no case to any greater extent than fifteen per cent more or fifteen per cent less than the quota: Provided that in the case of an electoral division with an area of twenty-five thousand square kilometres or more, the commission may reduce the number of voters to a number equal to seventy per cent of the quota.

67. The salaries and allowances of the administrators shall be fixed by the State President and shall not be reduced during their respective terms of office.

84. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Financial Relations Consolidation and Amendment Act, 1945 (Act No. 38 of 1945), and the assent of the State President as hereinafter provided, a provincial council may make ordinances in relation to matters coming within the following classes of subjects, namely―

direct taxation within the province in order to raise revenue for provincial purposes; the borrowing of money on the sole credit of the province with the consent of the State President and in accordance with regulations framed by Parliament; education, other than higher education, education for Coloured persons as defined in section one of the Coloured Persons Education Act, 1963, education for Indians as defined in section one of the Indians Education Act, 1965, and Black education, until Parliament otherwise provides;

agriculture to the extent and subject to the conditions defined by Parliament; the establishment, maintenance and management of hospitals and charitable institutions; municipal institutions, divisional councils and other local institutions of a similar nature; any institutions or bodies other than such institutions as are referred to in sub-paragraph (i), which have in respect of any one or more areas (whether contiguous or not) situated outside the area of jurisdiction of any such institution as is referred to in sub-paragraph (i), authority and functions similar to the authority and functions of such institutions as are referred to in the said sub-paragraph, or authority and functions in respect of the preservation of public health in any such area or areas, including any such body as is referred to in section seven of the Public Health Act, 1919 (Act No. 36 of 1919);

the assistance which a province may, with the approval of the State President, render to any other state, territory, province or the territory of South West Africa or to any institution or body contemplated in paragraph (f) and established in any other province;

the assistance which any institution or body contemplated in paragraph (f) may, with the approval of the State President, render to any other state, territory, province or the territory of South West Africa;

the assistance regarding civil defence which any institution or body contemplated in paragraph (f) may, with the approval of the administrator concerned, render to any such institution or body established in any other province;

local works and undertakings within the province, other than railways and harbours, and other than such works as extend beyond the borders of the province and subject to the power of Parliament to declare any work a national work and to provide for its construction by arrangement with the provincial council or otherwise; roads, outspans, ponts and bridges, other than bridges connecting two provinces; markets and pounds; fish and game preservation, subject to the provisions of section fourteen of the Sea Fisheries Act, 1940 (Act No. 10 of 1940); the imposition of punishment by fine or imprisonment for enforcing any law or any ordinance of the province made in relation to any matter coming within any of the classes of subjects enumerated in this section; generally all matters which, in the opinion of the State President are of a merely local or private nature in the province; all other subjects in respect of which Parliament may by law delegate the power of making ordinances to the provincial council.

(2) An ordinance passed by a provincial council in relation to any matter referred to in paragraph (f) of sub-section (1), may provide for the appointment by the administrator of the province concerned, or any specified authority, of the members or any number of the members of any institution or body referred to in the said paragraph.

(3) The provisions of sub-sections (4), (5) and (6) of section twenty-four shall mutatis mutandis apply with reference to a provincial council, as if a reference therein to Parliament or the Senate or the House of Assembly were a reference to a provincial council, and as if a reference therein to an Act of Parliament were a reference to an ordinance of a provincial council and a reference to a Bill which has been brought before the Senate or the House of Assembly were a reference to a draft ordinance which is before such a council.


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 CHAPTER XXI

THE RESCUE OF SNOOP, THE KITTEN

was certainly something that nobody had been expecting, and as the kite went higher and higher, and Snoop with it, both Flossie and Freddie set up a loud cry of fear.

"Snoop will be killed!" exclaimed the little girl. "Oh, poor dear Snoop!" and she wrung her hands in despair.

"Let him down!" shrieked Freddie. "Oh, Bert, please let my dear kitten down, won't you?"

Bert did not hear, for he was running over the common just as hard as he could, in his endeavor to raise the kite. Up and up it still went, with poor Snoop dangling helplessly at the end of the swaying tail.

At last Bert ran past the old barn which I have already mentioned. Just as he did this he happened to look up at the kite.

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Rh "Hullo, what's on the tail?" he yelled. "Is that a cat?"

"It's Snoop!" called out Freddie, who was rushing after his big brother. "Oh, Bert, do let him down. If he falls, he'll be killed."

"Well, I never!" ejaculated Bert.

He stopped running and gradually the kite began to settle close to the top of the barn. Poor Snoop was swinging violently at the end of the ragged tail. The swinging brought the frightened creature closer still to the barn, and all of a sudden Snoop let go of the kite tail and landed on the shingles.

"Snoop is on the barn!" cried Bert, as the kite settled on the grass a few yards away.

"Oh, Snoop! Snoop! are you hurt?" cried Freddie, running back a distance, so that he might get a view of the barn top.

Evidently Snoop was not hurt. But he was still scared, for he stood on the edge of the roof, with his tail standing straight up.

"Meow! meow! meow!" he said plaintively.

"He is asking for somebody to take him down," said Freddie. "Aren't you, Snoop?"

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180 "Meow!" answered the black kitten.

"Oh, dear me, what will you do now?" cried Flossie, as she came chasing up.

"Perhaps I can get to the roof from the inside," said Bert, and he darted quickly into the barn.

There were a rickety pair of stairs leaning to the barn loft and these he mounted. In the loft all was dark and full of cobwebs. Here and there were small holes through the roof, through which the water came every time it rained.

"Snoop! Snoop!" he called, putting his mouth close to one of the holes.

The kitten turned around in surprise. He hardly knew from whence the voice came, but he evidently knew Bert was calling, for he soon came in that direction.

As the barn was an old one and not fit to use, Bert felt it would do no harm to knock a shingle or two from the roof. Looking around, he espied a stout stick of wood lying on the floor and with this he began an attack on the shingles and soon had two of them broken away.

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User:DustyComputer

This is my user page!

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Rh "Come, Snoop!" he called, looking out of the hole. "Come here!"

But the sound of the blows had frightened the kitten, and Snoop had fled to the slope of the roof on the opposite side of the barn.

"Where is he?" called the boy, to the twins below.

"Gone to the other side," said Freddie. "Don't like the noise, I guess."

"Chase him over here," returned Bert.

Both Freddie and Flossie tried to do so. But Snoop would not budge, but stood on the very edge of the roof, as if meditating a spring to the ground.

"Don't jump, please don't jump, Snoop!" pleaded Flossie. "If you jump you'll surely break a leg, or maybe your back!"

Whether Snoop understood this or not, it would be hard to say. But he did not jump, only stayed where he was and meowed louder than ever.

"Can't you drive him over?" asked Bert, after a long wait.

"Won't come," said Freddie. "Wants to jump down, I guess."

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182 Hearing this, Bert ran down to the lower floor and outside.

"Can't you get a ladder?" asked Flossie. "Perhaps Mr. Roscoe will lend you one."

Mr. Roscoe lived at the other end of the common. He was a very old and very quiet man, and the majority of the girls and boys in Lakeport were afraid of him. He lived all alone and was thought to be queer.

"I—I can see," said Bert hesitatingly.

He ran across the common to Mr. Roscoe's house and rapped on the door. Nobody came and he rapped again, and then a third time.

"Who's there?" asked a voice from within.

"Please, Mr. Roscoe, is that you?" asked Bert.

"Yes."

"Well, our kitten is on the top of your old barn and can't get down. Can you lend me a ladder to get him down with?"

"Kitten on my barn? How did he get there?" and now the old man opened the door slowly and cautiously. He was bent with age and had white hair and a long white beard.

"He went up with a kite," said Bert, and

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Rh the case, to which the old man listened with interest.

"Well! well! well!" exclaimed Mr. Roscoe, in a high piping voice. "Going to take a sail through the air, was he? You'll have to build him a balloon, eh?"

"I think he had better stay on the ground after this."

"He must be a high-flyer of a cat," and the old man chuckled over his joke.

"Will you lend me a ladder?" went on Bert.

"Certainly, my lad. The ladder is in the cow-shed yonder. But you'll have to raise it yourself, or get somebody to raise it for you. My back is too old and stiff for such work."

"I'll try it alone first," answered the boy.

He soon had the long ladder out and was dragging it across the common. It was very heavy and he wondered who he could get to help him raise it. Just then Danny Rugg came along.

"What are you doing with old Roscoe's ladder?" he asked.

Bert was on the point of telling Danny it

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184 was none of his business, but he paused and reflected. He wanted no more quarrels with the big boy.

"I am going to get our cat down from the barn roof," he answered.

"Humph!"

"Do you want to help me raise the ladder, Danny?"

"Me? Not much! You can raise your own ladder."

"All right, I will, if you don't want to help me," said Bert, the blood rushing to his face.

"So that's your cat, is it?" cried Danny, looking toward the barn. "I wouldn't have such a black beast as that! We've got a real Maltese at our house."

"We like Snoop very much," answered Bert, and went on with his ladder.

Danny hunted for a stone, and watching his chance threw it at Snoop. It landed close to the kitten's side and made Snoop run to the other side of the barn roof.

"Stop that, Danny Rugg!" cried a voice from the other end of the common, and Nan appeared. She had just heard about the

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Rh to Snoop and was hurrying to the spot to see if she could be of assistance.

"Oh, go on with your old cat!" sneered Danny, and shuffled off past Mr. Roscoe's house.

The old man had come out to see what Bert was going to do with the ladder, and now he came face to face with Danny Rugg.

"Well, is it possible!" murmured the old man to himself. "That boy must belong around here after all!"

When Bert reached the barn he found a dozen boys collected, and several volunteered to assist him in raising the long ladder. It was hard work, and once the ladder slipped, but in the end it rested against the barn roof and then Bert went up in a hurry.

"Come, Snoop!" he called, and the kitten came and perched himself on Bert's shoulder.

When Bert came down the ladder those standing around set up a cheer, and Freddie and Flossie clapped their hands in delight.

"Oh, I'm so glad you got him back!" said Freddie and hugged the kitten almost to death.

"What boy was that who threw the stone?"

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186 asked Mr. Roscoe of Nan, while Bert was returning the ladder to the cow-shed.

"That was Danny Rugg," answered Nan. "He is a bad boy."

"I know he is a bad boy," said Mr. Roscoe. "A very bad boy indeed." And then the old man hurried off without another word. What he said meant a good deal, as we shall soon see.

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text:
Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961/1980-05-28

as amended by

Provincial Executive Committees Act, No. 28 of 1962

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 65 of 1962

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 9 of 1963

Provincial Councils and Executive Committees Act, No. 22 of 1963

Coloured Persons Education Act, No. 47 of 1963

Provincial Executive Committees Act, No. 64 of 1963

Indians Education Act, No. 61 of 1965

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 83 of 1965

Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 102 of 1965

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 37 of 1966

Second Finance Act, No. 58 of 1966

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 9 of 1967

Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act, No. 50 of 1968

Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 79 of 1968

Powers and Privileges of Provincial Councils Amendment Act, No. 37 of 1969

General Law Amendment Act, No. 101 of 1969

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 1 of 1971

Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 93 of 1971

Provincial Finance and Audit Act, No. 18 of 1972

Provincial Affairs Act, No. 61 of 1972

General Law Amendment Act, No. 102 of 1972

Constitution and Elections Amendment Act, No. 79 of 1973

General Law Amendment Act, No. 62 of 1973

Parliamentary Service Act, No. 33 of 1974

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 48 of 1974

Second Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 77 of 1974

Exchequer and Audit Act, No. 66 of 1975

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 60 of 1976

Financial Relations Act, No. 65 of 1976

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 30 of 1977

Proclamation No. R. 249 of 1977

Second Black Laws Amendment Act, No. 102 of 1978

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 99 of 1979

Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 100 of 1979

Republic of South Africa Constitution Third Amendment Act, No. 28 of 1980

Republic of South Africa Constitution Second Amendment Act, No. 31 of 1980

Republic of South Africa Constitution Amendment Act, No. 70 of 1980

20. (1) The State President may appoint persons not exceeding eighteen in number to administer such departments of State of the Republic as the State President may establish.

(2) Persons appointed under sub-section (1) shall hold office during the pleasure of the State President and shall be the Ministers of the Republic.

(3) No Minister shall hold office for a longer period than twelve months unless he is or becomes a member of the Senate or the House of Assembly, and a person who was a Minister without being a member of the Senate or the House of Assembly shall not again be appointed as a Minister unless he is such a member.

(4) Whenever a Minister is from any cause whatever unable to perform any of the functions of his office, the State President may appoint any other member of the Executive Council to act in the said Minister’s stead, either generally or in the performance of any particular function.

(5) A Minister shall before assuming his duties as such or as a member of the Executive Council make and subscribe an oath before the State President or a person designated by him, in the following form: I, A.B., do hereby swear to be faithful to the Republic of South Africa and undertake before God to honour this oath; to hold my office as Minister and as a member of the Executive Council with honour and dignity; to respect and uphold the Constitution and all other Law of the Republic; to be a true and faithful counsellor; not to divulge directly or indirectly any matters brought before the Executive Council which are entrusted to me under secrecy; and to perform the duties of my office conscientiously and to the best of my ability.

So help me God. (6) Any department of State established under section fourteen of the South Africa Act, 1909, and in existence immediately prior to the commencement of this Act, shall be deemed to have been duly established under this section, and any officer appointed under sub-section (1) of the first-mentioned section to administer any such department and holding office immediately prior to such commencement, shall be deemed to have been duly appointed under this section to administer that department, but shall make and subscribe the oath prescribed in sub-section (5) before assuming his duties.

54. (1) A member of the Senate who is elected as a member of the House of Assembly shall vacate his seat as a senator with effect from the date on which he becomes a member of the House of Assembly.

(2) A member of the House of Assembly who is elected or nominated as a member of the Senate shall vacate his seat as a member of the House of Assembly with effect from the date on which he becomes a member of the Senate.

(3) A member of the Senate or the House of Assembly who is elected as a member of a provincial council shall cease to be a member of the Senate or the House of Assembly with effect from the date upon which he becomes a member of that provincial council.

(4) A Minister who is a member of the Senate or the House of Assembly and a member of the Senate or the House of Assembly holding office as a deputy to any Minister, shall have the right to sit and speak in the Senate and in the House of Assembly, but shall vote only where he is a member.

(5) A Minister who is not a member of the Senate or the House of Assembly shall have the right to sit and to speak in the Senate and in the House of Assembly, but shall not vote in the Senate or the House of Assembly.


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 CHAPTER XXII

THE LAST OF THE GHOST—GOOD-NIGHT

rescue of the kitten was the main subject of conversation that evening in the Bobbsey household.

"I never dreamed he would go up with the kite," said Flossie. "After this we'll have to keep him in the house when Bert and Freddie do their kite-flying."

Bert had seen Danny Rugg throw the stone at the kitten and was very angry over it. He had also seen Danny talk to Nan.

"I think he's an awful boy," declared Nan. "And Mr. Roscoe thinks he is bad, too."

"He had better stop throwing things or he'll get himself into trouble before long," said Bert.

"It's queer Mr. Ringley never heard about the window," whispered his twin sister.

"So it is. But it may come out yet," replied the brother.

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188 That evening the Bobbseys had their first strawberry shortcake of the season. It was a beautiful cake—one of Dinah's best—and the strawberries were large and luscious.

"Want another piece," said Freddie, smacking his lips. "It's so good, mamma!"

"Freddie, I think you have had enough," said Mrs. Bobbsey.

"Oh, mamma, just a little piece more!" pleaded Freddie, and received the piece, much to his satisfaction.

"Strawberries is beautiful," he declared. "I'm going to raise a whole lot on the farm this summer."

"Oh, mamma, are we going to Uncle Dan's farm this summer?" burst out Nan eagerly.

"Perhaps, Nan," was the reply. "I expect a letter very shortly."

"Meadow Brook is a dandy place," said Bert. "Such a fine swimming hole in the brook!"

"Oh, I love the flowers, and the chickens and cows!" said Flossie.

"I like the rides on the loads of hay," said Nan.

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Rh The children talked the subject over until it was time to go to bed. Their Uncle Dan and Aunt Sarah lived at Meadow Brook, and so did their cousin Harry, a boy a little older than Bert, and one who was full of fun and very good-natured in the bargain.

Bert went to bed with his head full of plans for the summer. What glorious times they could have after school closed if they went to their uncle's farm!

It was a full hour before Bert got to sleep. The room was quite bright, for the moon was shining in the corner window. The moon made him think of the ghost he had once seen and he gave a little shudder. He never wanted to see that ghost again.

Bert had been asleep less than an hour when he awoke with a start. He felt sure somebody had touched him on the foot. He opened his eyes at once and looked toward the end of his bed.

The ghost was standing there!

At first Bert could scarcely believe that he saw aright. But it was true and he promptly dove under the covers.

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