text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 24, 1913.djvu/15

Rh thanks for the valuable collection of books and pamphlets which she has presented to the Society, be communicated to her. (2) The Folk-Lore Society desires to express its regret at the death of Mr. W. F. Kirby, for twenty-seven years a member of the Society, a constant attendant at the meetings of the Council, and a valued contributor to the Proceedings of the Society. His wide knowledge of the folklore of Modern Europe, his translation of the Kalevala, his Hero of Esthonia, and his bibliography and notes to Sir R. Burton's edition of the Thousand Nights and a Night were valuable contributions to the study of folklore. The Society directs that a copy of this resolution be forwarded to his family with an expression of condolence at his death. The election of the following new members was announced, viz.: — Mr. Harold Bayley, Mr. G. R. Carline, Mr. James Cunningham, Miss Lilian Gask, Dr. G. Landtman, and Mr. Clement A. Miles. The resignations of Mr. E. Peacock, Mr. A. W. Beckett, and Mr. S. G. Warner were also announced. Mr. Lovett exhibited a number of dolls representing sailors lost at sea. Capt. Whiffen read a paper entitled "A Short Account of the Indians of the Issá-Japurá District (South America)" (pp. 41-62), which was profusely illustrated by lantern slides, and exhibited a number of objects of folklore interest which he had collected in that district. After some observations by the Chairman on the paper, hearty votes of thanks were accorded to Mr. Lovett and Capt. Whiffen. The following gifts to the Society's Library were reported, viz. : —

By the Government of India: — Archæological Survey of India, Annual Report, 1907-8; Antiquities of Chamba State, Part I., Inscriptions of the Pre-Muhammadan Period, by J. Ph. Vogel ; Progress Report of the Archæo-


text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 24, 1913.djvu/16

4 logical Survey of India, Western Circle, For the year ending 31st March 1911 ; By authors, publishers, and reviewers: — Baessler-Archiv, Band I., Heft I. ; Über Altperuanische Gewebe mit Szenenhaffen Darstellungen, by Dr. Max Schmidt, (B. G. Teubner, Berlin) ; The Lushei Kuki Clans, by Lt.-Col. J. Shakespear, (Macmillan) ; The Iowa, by William Harvey Miner, (Torch Press, Cedar Rapids, Iowa) ; Transactions and Proceedings of the Japan Society, Vol. IX., Parts II. and III.

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 15th, 1913. The minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. The election of the following new members was announced, viz. : — Miss V. Dale, Miss P. E. Lawder, Miss J. M. Marett, Miss Thorpe, Mr. Thurston, and Mr. Charles Walker. The enrolment as a subscriber of the Leipzig Library was also announced. The Secretary read letters of acknowledgment from Mrs. Lang and Dr. Kirby of the votes of condolence passed at the last meeting on the deaths of Mr. Andrew Lang and Mr. W. F. Kirby.

Mr. Harry Pouncy delivered a lecture on "Old Dorset Customs and Superstitions," which was profusely illustrated by lantern slides. In the discussion which followed the Chairman, Miss Burne, Mr. Major, Mrs. Everett, and Sir L. Gomme took part. The meeting terminated with a hearty vote of thanks to the lecturer.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Author:Pierre de Lancre

title: Author:Pierre de Lancre


text:
Author:Jean Bodin

Works

 * Methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem (Method for the easy comprehension of history, 1566)
 * Réponse de J. Bodin aux paradoxes de M. de Malestroit (Response of J. Bodin to the paradoxes of M. de Malestroit, 1568)
 * Les Six livres de la République (1576)
 * The Six Bookes of a Commonweale (translated by Richard Knolles, 1606) external link

 * De la démonomanie des sorciers (On the Demon Worship of Sorcerers, 1580)
 * De magorum dæmonomania (Latin translation by François Du Jon, 1581)

 * Universae Theatrum Naturae (Theatre of Nature, 1596)
 * Colloquium heptaplomeres de rerum sublimium arcanis abditis (Colloquium of the seven about secrets of the sublime, composed 1588, published 1841)

title: Author:Jean Bodin


text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 24, 1913.djvu/17

Rh THE THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING. WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 19th, 1913. The minutes of the last Annual Meeting were read and confirmed. The Annual Report of the Council, Cash Account, and Balance Sheet for the year 1912 were duly pre- sented, and upon the motion of Mr. Hartland, seconded by Dr. Gaster, it was resolved that the same be received and adopted. Balloting papers having been distributed, Mr. L. J. Pritchard and the Secretary were appointed scrutineers for the ballot for the election of the President, Vice- Presidents, Council, and Officers for the ensuing year. The Chairman then delivered his Presidential Address. At the conclusion of the address, the Secretary announced the result of the Ballot, and the following were declared duly elected, viz.: — As President. R. R. Marett, Esq., M.A. As Vice-Presidents, The Hon. John Abercromby ; The Right Hon. Lord Avebury, P.C, O.M., etc.; Sir E. V. Brabrook, C.B., F.S.A. ; Miss Charlotte S. Burne ; E. Clodd, Esq. ; W. Crooke, Esq., B.A. ; J. G. Frazer, Esq., LL.D., etc.; M. Gaster, Ph.D.; Sir Laurence Gomme. F.S.A. ; A. C. Haddon, Esq., D.Sc, F.R.S. ; E. S. Hartland, Esq., F.S.A.; The Right Hon. Sir J. Rhys, P.C., LL.D., etc.; W. H. D. Rouse, Esq., Litt.D. ; The Rev. Prof. A. H. Sayce, LL.D., D.D. ; and Sir E. B. Tylor, LL.D., F.R.S., etc. As Members of Council, Mrs, M. M. Banks ; M. Longworth Dames, Esq.; Lady Gomme; P. J. Heather, Esq.; W. L. Hildburgh, Esq., M.A., Ph.D.; T. C. Hodson, Esq.;


text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 24, 1913.djvu/18

6 Miss E. Hull ; Sir E. F. im Thurn, K.C.M.G., C.B., LL.D. ; E. Lovett, Esq. ; A. F. Major, Esq. ; C. Pendlebury, Esq. ; W. H. R. Rivers, Esq., M.D., F.R.S. ; C. G. Seligmann, Esq., M.D.; C. J. Tabor, Esq.; E. Torday, Esq.; E. VVestermarck, Esq., Ph.D. ; H. B. Wheatley, Esq., F.S.A. ; Sir B. C. A. Windel, F.R.S. ; and A. R. Wright, Esq., (Editor of Folk- Lore). As Hon. Treasurer, Edward Clodd, Esq. As Hon. Auditors, F. G. Green, Esq.; and C. J. Tabor, Esq. As Secretary, F. A. Milne, Esq., M.A. The Chairman, having congratulated the newly-elected President, vacated the Chair, which was taken by Mr. Marett, who, after thanking the Society for the honour they had conferred upon him, proposed a vote of thanks to the outgoing President for the services he had rendered to the Society during his term of office. The resolution was seconded by Dr. Gaster, and carried with acclamation.


text:
Author:Henry More

Works

 * A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr. Henry More
 * The Preface General
 * An Antidote Against Atheism (with An Appendix)
 * Enthusiasmus Triumphatus
 * Continentur in hac parte: (Correspondence, in Latin, with Claude Clerselier, Rene Descartes and V. C.)
 * Epistola Claudii Clerselier ad H. Morum
 * Responsum H. Mori ad Epistolam Claudii Clerselier
 * Epistola Prima H. Mori ad R. Cartesium
 * Responsum R. Cartesii ad Epistolam Primum H. Mori
 * Epistola Secunda H. Mori ad R. Cartesium
 * Responsum R. Cartesii ad Epistolam Secundam H. Mori
 * Epistola Tertia H. Mori ad R. Cartesium
 * Epistola Quarta H. Mori ad R. Cartesium
 * Fragmentum Resp. R. Cartesii ad Epist. Tertiam H. Mori
 * Responsum H. Mori ad Fragmentum Cartesium
 * Epistola H. Mori ad V. C.
 * The Immortality of the Soul
 * Conjectura Cabbalistica
 * Defence of the Threefold Cabbula
 * Index

title: Author:Henry More


text: Author:William Blyth Gerish

title: Author:William Blyth Gerish


text: Author:James Hardy Ropes

title: Author:James Hardy Ropes


text:
Author:Frederick Frye Rockwell

Works

 * Home Vegetable Gardening (1911)

title: Author:Frederick Frye Rockwell


text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 24, 1913.djvu/107

 Rh you would have no luck for seven years. If you laughed before breakfast, you would cry before night. If you shuddered suddenly, it was a sign that someone was walking over your grave. To mend your clothes on your back, meant that you would have lies told about you. A hot coal flying from the fire in your direction, was a sign that you had an enemy. A tea-stalk, (called a stranger), floating in your tea was a sign that a stranger was coming; and to stir up the tea-leaves in the tea-pot was to stir up strife. A spark in the candle meant that you would shortly receive a letter. To sneeze signified "once a wish, twice a kiss, three times a disappointment."

Dreams also had their significance. If you dreamt of clear water, it was a good sign, but, if of muddy water, a bad sign.

Although I have written in the past tense, because I have not been in the district for some years, I do not wish it to be supposed that these old customs and sayings are no longer in use. Of course some of them may now have become obsolete, but, as the habits of the people are still very much the same, it is likely that the old superstitions and omens will continue to be believed, and the old sayings to be spoken, for many years to come.

.

Alongside the monkish literature which in mediaeval times enlarged in dispraise of woman almost as a professional duty, there flourished a mass of popular ballad, jest, and proverb which more or less seriously adopted the same tone, and this abuse of


text: Author:Ella Mary Leather

title: Author:Ella Mary Leather


text: Author:Henry Lewis Jones

title: Author:Henry Lewis Jones


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Plée, Auguste


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Printz, Johan


text:
Page:Chesterton - A Short History of England.djvu/70

last chapter began, in an apparent irrelevance, with the name of St. Edward; and this one might very well begin with the name of St. George. His first appearance, it is said, as a patron of our people, occurred at the instance of Richard Cœur de Lion during his campaign in Palestine; and this, as we shall see, really stands for a new England which might well have a new saint. But the Confessor is a character in English history; whereas St. George, apart from his place in martyrology as a Roman soldier, can hardly be said to be a character in any history. And if we wish to understand the noblest and most neglected of human revolutions, we can hardly get closer to it than by considering this paradox, of how much progress and enlightenment was represented by thus passing from a chronicle to a romance.

In any intellectual corner of modernity can be found such a phrase as I have just read in a newspaper controversy: "Salvation, like other good things, must not come from outside." To call a spiritual thing external and not internal is


text:
Page:Chesterton - A Short History of England.djvu/71

Rh the chief mode of modernist excommunication. But if our subject of study is mediæval and not modern, we must pit against this apparent platitude the very opposite idea. We must put ourselves in the posture of men who thought that almost every good thing came from outside—like good news. I confess that I am not impartial in my sympathies here; and that the newspaper phrase I quoted strikes me as a blunder about the very nature of life. I do not, in my private capacity, believe that a baby gets his best physical food by sucking his thumb; nor that a man gets his best moral food by sucking his soul, and denying its dependence on God or other good things. I would maintain that thanks are the highest form of thought; and that gratitude is happiness doubled by wonder. But this faith in receptiveness, and in respect for things outside oneself, need here do no more than help me in explaining what any version of this epoch ought in any case to explain. In nothing is the modern German more modern, or more mad, than in his dream of finding a German name for everything; eating his language, or in other words biting his tongue. And in nothing were the mediævals more free and sane than in their acceptance of names and emblems from outside their most beloved limits. The monastery would often not only take in the stranger but almost canonize him. A mere adventurer like Bruce was enthroned and thanked as if he had really come as a knight errant. And a passionately patriotic community Rh


text:
Page:Chesterton - A Short History of England.djvu/72

Rh more often than not had a foreigner for a patron saint. Thus crowds of saints were Irishmen, but St. Patrick was not an Irishman. Thus as the English gradually became a nation, they left the numberless Saxon saints in a sense behind them, passed over by comparison not only the sanctity of Edward but the solid fame of Alfred, and invoked a half mythical hero, striving in an eastern desert against an impossible monster.

That transition and that symbol stand for the Crusades. In their romance and reality they were the first English experience of learning, not only from the external, but the remote. England, like every Christian thing, had thriven on outer things without shame. From the roads of Cæsar to the churches of Lanfranc, it had sought its meat from God. But now the eagles were on the wing, scenting a more distant slaughter; they were seeking the strange things instead of receiving them. The English had stepped from acceptance to adventure, and the epic of their ships had begun. The scope of the great religious movement which swept England along with all the West would distend a book like this into huge disproportion, yet it would be much better to do so than to dismiss it in the distant and frigid fashion common in such short summaries. The inadequacy of our insular method in popular history is perfectly shown in the treatment of Richard Cœur de Lion. His tale is told with the implication that his departure for the Crusade was something like the escapade of a schoolboy Rh


text:
Page:Chesterton - A Short History of England.djvu/73

Rh running away to sea. It was, in this view, a pardonable or lovable prank; whereas in truth it was more like a responsible Englishman now going to the Front. Christendom was nearly one nation, and the Front was the Holy Land. That Richard himself was of an adventurous and even romantic temper is true, though it is not unreasonably romantic for a born soldier to do the work he does best. But the point of the argument against insular history is particularly illustrated here by the absence of a continental comparison. In this case we have only to step across the Straits of Dover to find the fallacy. Philip Augustus, Richard's contemporary in France, had the name of a particularly cautious and coldly public-spirited statesman; yet Philip Augustus went on the same Crusade. The reason was, of course, that the Crusades were, for all thoughtful Europeans, things of the highest statesmanship and the purest public spirit.

Some six hundred years after Christianity sprang up in the East and swept westwards, another great faith arose in almost the same eastern lands and followed it like its gigantic shadow. Like a shadow, it was at once a copy and a contrary. We call it Islam, or the creed of the Moslems; and perhaps its most explanatory description is that it was the final flaming up of the accumulated Orientalisms, perhaps of the accumulated Hebraisms, gradually rejected as the Church grew more European, or as Christianity turned into Christendom. Its highest motive Rh


text:
Page:Chesterton - A Short History of England.djvu/74

Rh was a hatred of idols, and in its view Incarnation was itself an idolatry. The two things it persecuted were the idea of God being made flesh and of His being afterwards made wood or stone. A study of the questions smouldering in the track of the prairie fire of the Christian conversion favours the suggestion that this fanaticism against art or mythology was at once a development and a reaction from that conversion, a sort of minority report of the Hebraists. In this sense Islam was something like a Christian heresy. The early heresies had been full of mad reversals and evasions of the Incarnation, rescuing their Jesus from the reality of his body even at the expense of the sincerity of his soul. And the Greek Iconoclasts had poured into Italy, breaking the popular statues and denouncing the idolatry of the Pope, until routed, in a style sufficiently symbolic, by the sword of the father of Charlemagne. It was all these disappointed negations that took fire from the genius of Mahomet, and launched out of the burning lands a cavalry charge that nearly conquered the world. And if it be suggested that a note on such Oriental origins is rather remote from a history of England, the answer is that this book may, alas! contain many digressions, but that this is not a digression. It is quite peculiarly necessary to keep in mind that this Semite god haunted Christianity like a ghost; to remember it in every European corner, but especially in our corner. If any one doubts the necessity, let him take a walk to all the parish Rh


text:
Page:Chesterton - A Short History of England.djvu/75

Rh churches in England within a radius of thirty miles, and ask why this stone virgin is headless or that coloured glass is gone. He will soon learn that it was lately, and in his own lanes and homesteads, that the ecstasy of the deserts returned, and his bleak northern island was filled with the fury of the Iconoclasts.

It was an element in this sublime and yet sinister simplicity of Islam that it knew no boundaries. Its very home was homeless. For it was born in a sandy waste among nomads, and it went everywhere because it came from nowhere. But in the Saracens of the early Middle Ages this nomadic quality in Islam was masked by a high civilization, more scientific if less creatively artistic than that of contemporary Christendom. The Moslem monotheism was, or appeared to be, the more rationalist religion of the two. This rootless refinement was characteristically advanced in abstract things, of which a memory remains in the very name of algebra. In comparison the Christian civilization was still largely instinctive, but its instincts were very strong and very much the other way. It was full of local affections, which found form in that system of fences which runs like a pattern through everything mediæval, from heraldry to the holding of land. There was a shape and colour in all their customs and statutes which can be seen in all their tabards and escutcheons; something at once strict and gay. This is not a departure from the interest in external things, but rather a part of it. The Rh


text:
Page:Chesterton - A Short History of England.djvu/76

Rh very welcome they would often give to a stranger from beyond the wall was a recognition of the wall. Those who think their own life all-sufficient do not see its limit as a wall, but as the end of the world. The Chinese called the white man "a sky-breaker." The mediæval spirit loved its part in life as a part, not a whole; its charter for it came from something else. There is a joke about a Benedictine monk who used the common grace of Benedictus benedicat, whereupon the unlettered Franciscan triumphantly retorted Franciscus Franciscat. It is something of a parable of mediæval history; for if there were a verb Franciscare it would be an approximate description of what St. Francis afterwards did. But that more individual mysticism was only approaching its birth, and Benedictus benedicat is very precisely the motto of the earliest mediævalism. I mean that everything is blessed from beyond, by something which has in its turn been blessed from beyond again; only the blessed bless. But the point which is the clue to the Crusades is this: that for them the beyond was not the infinite, as in a modern religion. Every beyond was a place. The mystery of locality, with all its hold on the human heart, was as much present in the most ethereal things of Christendom as it was absent from the most practical things of Islam. England would derive a thing from France, France from Italy, Italy from Greece, Greece from Palestine, Palestine from Paradise. It was not merely that a yeoman of Kent would have his Rh


text:
Page:Chesterton - A Short History of England.djvu/77

Rh house hallowed by the priest of the parish church, which was confirmed by Canterbury, which was confirmed by Rome. Rome herself did not worship herself, as in the pagan age. Rome herself looked eastward to the mysterious cradle of her creed, to a land of which the very earth was called holy. And when she looked eastward for it she saw the face of Mahound. She saw standing in the place that was her earthly heaven a devouring giant out of the deserts, to whom all places were the same.

It has been necessary thus to pause upon the inner emotions of the Crusade, because the modern English reader is widely cut off from these particular feelings of his fathers; and the real quarrel of Christendom and Islam, the fire-baptism of the young nations, could not otherwise be seized in its unique character. It was nothing so simple as a quarrel between two men who both wanted Jerusalem. It was the much deadlier quarrel between one man who wanted it and another man who could not see why it was wanted. The Moslem, of course, had his own holy places; but he has never felt about them as Westerns can feel about a field or a roof-tree; he thought of the holiness as holy, not of the places as places. The austerity which forbade him imagery, the wandering war that forbade him rest, shut him off from all that was breaking out and blossoming in our local patriotisms; just as it has given the Turks an empire without ever giving them a nation.

Now, the effect of this adventure against a Rh


text:
Page:Chesterton - A Short History of England.djvu/78

Rh mighty and mysterious enemy was simply enormous in the transformation of England, as of all the nations that were developing side by side with England. Firstly, we learnt enormously from what the Saracen did. Secondly, we learnt yet more enormously from what the Saracen did not do. Touching some of the good things which we lacked, we were fortunately able to follow him. But in all the good things which he lacked, we were confirmed like adamant to defy him. It may be said that Christians never knew how right they were till they went to war with Moslems. At once the most obvious and the most representative reaction was the reaction which produced the best of what we call Christian Art; and especially those grotesques of Gothic architecture, which are not only alive but kicking. The East as an environment, as an impersonal glamour, certainly stimulated the Western mind, but stimulated it rather to break the Moslem commandment than to keep it. It was as if the Christian were impelled, like a caricaturist, to cover all that faceless ornament with faces; to give heads to all those headless serpents and birds to all those lifeless trees. Statuary quickened and came to life under the veto of the enemy as under a benediction. The image, merely because it was called an idol, became not only an ensign but a weapon. A hundredfold host of stone sprang up all over the shrines and streets of Europe. The Iconoclasts made more statues than they destroyed. Rh


text:
Page:Chesterton - A Short History of England.djvu/79

Rh The place of Cœur de Lion in popular fable and gossip is far more like his place in true history than the place of the mere denationalized ne'er-do-weel given him in our utilitarian school books. Indeed the vulgar rumour is nearly always much nearer the historical truth than the "educated" opinion of to-day; for tradition is truer than fashion. King Richard, as the typical Crusader, did make a momentous difference to England by gaining glory in the East, instead of devoting himself conscientiously to domestic politics in the exemplary manner of King John. The accident of his military genius and prestige gave England something which it kept for four hundred years, and without which it is incomprehensible throughout that period—the reputation of being in the very vanguard of chivalry. The great romances of the Round Table, the attachment of knighthood to the name of a British king, belong to this period. Richard was not only a knight but a troubadour; and culture and courtesy were linked up with the idea of English valour. The mediæval Englishman was even proud of being polite; which is at least no worse than being proud of money and bad manners, which is what many Englishmen in our later centuries have meant by their common sense.

Chivalry might be called the baptism of Feudalism. It was an attempt to bring the justice and even the logic of the Catholic creed into a military system which already existed; to turn its discipline into an initiation and its inequalities Rh


text:
Page:Chesterton - A Short History of England.djvu/80

Rh into a hierarchy. To the comparative grace of the new period belongs, of course that considerable cultus of the dignity of woman, to which the word "chivalry" is often narrowed, or perhaps exalted. This also was a revolt against one of the worst gaps in the more polished civilization of the Saracens. Moslems denied even souls to women; perhaps from the same instinct which recoiled from the sacred birth, with its inevitable glorification of the mother; perhaps merely because, having originally had tents rather than houses, they had slaves rather than housewives. It is false to say that the chivalric view of women was merely an affectation, except in the sense in which there must always be an affectation where there is an ideal. It is the worst sort of superficiality not to see the pressure of a general sentiment merely because it is always broken up by events; the Crusade itself for example, is more present and potent as a dream even than as a reality. From the first Plantagenet to the last Lancastrian it haunts the minds of English kings, giving as a background to their battles a mirage of Palestine. So a devotion like that of Edward I. to his queen was quite a real motive in the lives of multitudes of his contemporaries. When crowds of enlightened tourists, setting forth to sneer at the superstitions of the continent, are taking tickets and labelling luggage at the large railway station at the west end of the Strand, I do not know whether they all speak to their wives with a more flowing courtesy than their fathers in Rh


text:
Page:Chesterton - A Short History of England.djvu/81

Rh Edward's time or whether they pause to meditate on the legend of a husband's sorrow, to be found in the very name of Charing Cross.

But it is a huge historical error to suppose that the Crusades concerned only that crust of society for which heraldry was an art and chivalry an etiquette. The direct contrary is the fact. The First Crusade especially was much more an unanimous popular rising than most that are called riots and revolutions. The Guilds, the great democratic systems of the time, often owed their increasing power to corporate fighting for the Cross; but I shall deal with such things later. Often it was not so much a levy of men as a trek of whole families, like new gipsies moving eastwards. And it has passed into a proverb that children by themselves often organized a crusade as they now organize a charade. But we shall best realize the fact by fancying every Crusade as a Children's Crusade. They were full of all that the modern world worships in children, because it has crushed it out of men. Their lives were full, as the rudest remains of their vulgarest arts are full, of something that we all saw out of the nursery window. It can best be seen later, for instance, in the lanced and latticed interiors of Memling, but it is ubiquitous in the older and more unconscious contemporary art; something that domesticated distant lands and made the horizon at home. They fitted into the corners of small houses the ends of the earth and the edges of the sky. Their perspective is rude and crazy, Rh


text:
Page:Of the Gout - Stukeley - 1734.djvu/61

Rh which the more vehement it is, so much it shortens the fitt, makes the intermission longer and more perfect. The crueller has been the conflict, so much more oyl and labor has nature expended to procure a victory. Would we then know the nature of the gout, we need only read Dr. Mead's book of poysons, and be fully appriz'd of the matter. I doubt not but the poysonous drop of the gout is similar to that of a venomous bite, as Dr. Mead observ'd it upon a microscope glass; a parcel of small salts nimbly floating in a liquor and striking out into crystals of incredible tenuity and sharpness, he calls them spicula and darts. Such likewise in the drop emitted by the sting of a bee, and in the common nettle. He found by experiments that 'tis of an acid nature. He solves the symptoms by the pungent salts of the venom acting as stimuli, irritating the sensile membranes, deriving a greater afflux than ordinary, of the animal juices that way. In speaking of the poyson of vipers being swallow'd without harm, he attributes it to the balsam of the bile, which proves an antidote to those saline spicula. And treating of the cure from the axungia viperina, he says it consists of clammy and viscid parts, which are withal more penetrating and active than most Rh


text:
Page:Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile - In the Years 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, and 1773 volume 2.djvu/243

 Galla, before their inroads into Abyssinia, had never in their own country seen or heard of the small-pox. This disease met them in the Abyssinian villages. It raged among them with such violence, that whole provinces conquered by them became half-desert; and, in many places, they were forced to become tributary to those whom before they kept in continual fear. But this did not happen till the reign of Yasous the Great, at the beginning of the present century, where we shall take fresh notice of it, and now proceed with what remains of the reign of Sertza Denghel, whom we left with his army in the 9th year of his reign, residing at Dobit, a small town in Dembea, watching the motion of the rebels, Isaac Baharnagash, and others, his confederates.

tenth year of his reign, as soon as the weather permitted him, the king went into Gojam to oppose the inroads of the Djawi, a clan of the western or Boren Galla, who then were in possession of the Buco, or royal dignity, among the seven nations. But they had repassed the Nile upon the first news of the king's march, without having time to waste the country. The king then went to winter in Bizamo, which is south of the Nile, the native country of these Galla, the Djawi.

this nation, the Galla, has deserved ill of the Abyssinians by the frequent inroads made into their country, they must, however, confess one obligation, that in the end they entirely ruined their ancient enemy, the Mahometan king of Adel, and reduced him to a flat cof perfect insignificance.


text:
Page:Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile - In the Years 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, and 1773 volume 2.djvu/244

 then returned with his army into Dembea,where, finding the militia of that province much disaffected by communication with the Moorish soldiers settled among them from Gragne's time to this day, and that most of them had in their hearts forsaken the Christian religion, and were all ready to fail in their allegiance, he assembled the greatest part of them without their arms, and, surrounding them with his soldiers, cut them to pieces, to the number of 3000 men.

the 13th year of his reign, Mahomet king of Adel marched out of his own country with the view of joining the Basha and Baharnagash. But the king, ever watchful over the motions of his enemies, surprised the Baharnagash before his junction either with Mahomet or the basha, and defeated or dispersed his army, obliging him to fly in disguise, with the utmost danger of being taken prisoner, to hide himself with the basha at Dobarwa. He then appointed Darguta, governor of Tigré, an old and experienced officer, giving him the charge of the province, and to watch the basha; and, leaving with him his wounded, (and in their place taking some fresh soldiers from Darguta) he, by forced marches, endeavoured to meet Mahomet, who had not heard of his victory over Isaac; and being informed that the king of Adel was encamped on the hither side of the river Wali, having passed it to join Isaac, the king, by a sudden movement, crossed the river, and came opposite to Mahomet's quarters, who was then striking his tents, having just heard of the fate of the Baharnagash. Mahomet and his whole army were struck with a panic at this unexpected appearance of the king on the opposite side of the river, which had cut off his retreat to Adel. Fearing,


text:
Page:A Compendium of Irish Biography.djvu/86

 to the last—and died 21st July 1688, aged 77. A few hours before his departure, he remarked to his servant: "This day four years was a very melancholy day to me—it was the most melancholy I ever passed in my life—it was the day I lost my dear wife." By his own desire his remains were deposited in Westminster Abbey. The following notes upon his personal and mental qualities are extracted from Carte: "The Duke in his person was of a fair complexion, … a lively and ingenuous look, and a countenance that expressed a greatness of mind, and was yet full of sweetness and modesty. He was somewhat taller than what is deemed the middle size, well shaped and limbed as any man of his time, of active and clever strength, not corpulent, yet always preserving a good embonpoint. He had a noble air and mien: had he been dressed like a ploughman, he would have still appeared a man of quality; and the manner of his address was natural, easy, graceful, and engaging … His dress was plain, but very elegant and neat, nobody wore his clothes better, but he still suited them to the weather … The cheerfulness of his temper, the liveliness of his conversation, the ready flow and pleasant turn of his wit, and the care he always took to adapt himself to the King's manner and humour, rendered him very agreeable to that prince; … but King James II. seemed always to stand in awe of him … The Ministers about Court cannot be supposed to have much affection to a person whom they could not but consider as their rival in power, … and who would never enter into any of their cabals, … Conscious of … integrity, and depending on the remembrance of his services, he despised all the little arts that are used about courts to get into power … He detested making a low court to any of the King's mistresses; and yet he was not averse to the keeping of measures with them, when it might be useful to the public service, the great end by which he regulated his own conduct in public affairs." He had a wonderful memory; was an early riser, fond of field sports, and regular and temperate in his habits. Bishop Burnet thus writes of him: "A man every way fitted for a court: of a graceful appearance, a lively wit, and a cheerful temper; a man of great expense, decent even in his vices; for he always kept up the form of religion. He had gone through many transactions in Ireland with more fidelity than success … He was firm to the Protestant religion, and so far firm to the laws, that he always gave good advices; but when bad ones were followed, he was not for complaining too much of them." The Duke of Ormond had by his lady, eight sons and two daughters: (1) Thomas, born 1632, died before he was a year old. (2) Thomas, Earl of Ossory, born 9th July 1634; died 1680. (3) James, born 1635, died before he was a year old. (4) James, born 24th March 1636; died 17th April 1645; buried in Christ Church, Dublin, (5) Richard, Earl of Arran, born 15th July 1639; died 1685. (6) Elizabeth, born 29th June 1640; married to the Earl of Chesterfield. (7) Walter, born 6th September 1641; died March 1643; buried in Christ Church, Dublin. (8) John, Baron Aughrim, Viscount Clonmore, Earl of Gowran, born 1643; died without issue in 1677. (9) James, born 1645; killed, when an infant, by falling out of a carriage in the Phoenix Park. (10) Mary, born 1646; married William Lord Cavendish, afterwards Earl and Duke of Devonshire. It will be seen that the Duke outlived all his sons. Even after the destruction of a mass of his papers by a fire in Dublin Castle, in 1683, sufficient remained to furnish Carte with materials for his voluminous and invaluable history of the Duke's life.

Butler, Thomas, Earl of Ossory, son of preceding, was born in Kilkenny Castle, 9th July 1634. In 1647 he quitted Ireland with his father, and passed on eventually to France, where he perfected himself in the accomplishments necessary to a youth of his expectations. In 1653 he accompanied his mother to Ireland. In March 1655, being in London, he was lodged in the Tower; whence he was, after a short imprisonment, released on account of ill health, and permitted to retire to the Continent—"not daring," as his biographer says, "to come near the King as long as Cromwell lived, for fear it should be a pretence for taking away from the Duchess the tenancy of her own estate." In November 1659, he married Emelia Beverweert, daughter of a leading Dutch statesman, a natural son of the Prince of Orange. After the Restoration he was appointed to several commands in the army, and was in 1665 made Lieutenant-General in Ireland. Next year he was sworn on the English Privy Council, and took his seat in Parliament as Lord Butler of Moor-Park. In 1672, visiting the court of France as envoy extraordinary, he was pressed by Louis to enter his service, and at parting was presented with a valuable jewel. In 1673, as Admiral of the Blue, he distinguished himself in an engagement with Van Tromp; and the same year planned a descent on Helvoetsluys, which Charles II. would not permit him to 62


text: Index:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu


text: Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/1


text: Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/2


text: Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/3


text: Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/4


text: Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/5


text: Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/6


text: Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/7


text:
Page:Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile - In the Years 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, and 1773 volume 2.djvu/330

 cotton cloths, stibium, beads, and incense, are the articles with which their foreign trade to Angola, and the kingdoms on the Atlantic, is carried on.

Nareans are exceedingly brave. Though they have been conquered, and driven out of the low country, it has, been by multitudes — nation after nation pouring in upon them with a number of horse to which they are perfect, strangers: But now, confined to the mountains, and surrounded by their marshes and woods, they despise all further attempts of the Galla, and drive them from their frontiers whenever they approach too near.

these skirmishes, or in small robbing parties, those Nareans are taken, whom the Mahometan merchants sell at Gondar. At Constantinople, India, or Cairo, the women are more esteemed as slaves than those of any other part of the world, and the men are reckoned faithful, active, and intelligent. Both sexes are remarkable for a chearful, kind disposition, and, if properly treated, soon attach themselves inviolably to their masters. The language of Narea and Caffa is peculiar to that country, and is not a dialect of any neighbouring nation,

in this journey, seeking to go to India by Melinda in company with Fecur Egzie ambassador, passed through this country; but none of the Jesuits ever went to Narea with a view of converting the people, at which I have been often surprised. There was enough of gold and ignorance to have allured them. That softness and simplicity of manners for which the Nareans are remarkable, their affection for their mailers and superiors, and firm


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/8

 JOHNS'S

NOTABLE AUSTRALIANS

AND

WHO IS WHO IN AUSTRALASIA

A DICTIONARY OF BIOGRAPHY CONTAINING RECORDS OF THE CAREERS OF MEN AND WOMEN OF DISTINCTION IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA AND THE DOMINION OF NEW ZEALAND.

FRED JOHNS

PUBLISHED AT ADELAIDE IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA BY FRED JOHNS.

1908

[ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.]


text: Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/9


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/10

 THIS WORK IS DEDICATED

TO THE

PEOPLE OF AUSTRALASIA


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/11

 INDEX. Abbreviations ... Agents- General ... Archbishops Bank Managers ... Baronets Bath, Order of the Biographies Bishops Cabinet, Federal Cabinet, N ew Zealand Cabinets, Former Federal Cabinets, States Chambers of Commerce Chambers of Manufactures Church of England Churches Commerce, Chambers of Commonwealth and States Commonwealth Public Service Companions of Orders Consuls-General Councillors, Privy Court, the High Dead, Notable Distinguished Service Order Dominion of New Zealand Editors Executive Council, Federal Executive Council, States Freemasonry, Grand Lodges Governor General Governors of States Governors General Governors, Lieutenant ... High Court Honourables House of Representatives, Federal 25-27 Imperial Service Order 22, 48 Index 4 Judges of High Court 15 Judges, New Zealand 47 Judges, States Supreme C< urt 16 King's Counsel Knights Bachelors Knights and Companions Lieutenant-Governors ... Manufactures, Chambers of Mayors of Cities Ministries, States Ministry, Federal Ministry, New Zealand Naval Commander in Chief N ew South Wales Public Service Newspaper Proprietors and Editors New Zealand, Dominion of ... New Zealand Public Service ... Notable Dead Notable Houses Orders Preface Privy Councillors Professors in Universities 41-43, 52, 5 Public Service, Commonwealth 27 -2 Public Services, Australian States 29-$ Public Service, New Zealand ... 49-5 Queensland Public Service .. 31-3! Representatives, Australian House of 25-21 Rhodes Scholars Roman Catholic Church Royal Society, Fellows of Royal Victorian Order St. Michael and St. George, Order of Senate, Federal South Australian Public Service State Ministries Supplement ... Ta^manian Public Service University Professors ... 41-43, Victoria Cross Victorian Public Service ... 33 31 Western Australian Public Service 37, 3y


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/12

Rh Three outstanding features contributed to the success of the first edition of Notable Australians—the biographical records were written by the author of the work, and not by the subjects of the biographies; those records were published in recognition of meritorious public or personal achievement, and not for any monetary consideration; and only verified facts, entirely free from eulogy or flattery, comment, or expression of opinion, were given. The same features distinguish this second edition, so far as it relates to living Australasians. I desire to emphasize these points in order to remove any false impressions regarding the relationship with the work of those who are mentioned in it, and also to explain my own attitude in the production of this volume in an age when fulsome and florid biographies are published in certain types of books in consideration of stipulated payment. To some publications celebrities and would-be celebrities are permitted to coutribute their own notices or personally revise them, with a result which in numerous instances is out of all proportion to the importance of the individuals concerned. This can never be said of Notable Australians, which will continue, as it began, a biographical as distinguished from an autobiographical work. It never has been and never will be a medium to advertise any individual, his trade or profession, or one in which a person is allowed to gratify his vanity by spreading himself in print. A place in Notable Australians is not purchasable, and no person is permitted to dictate his own biography.

As, however, no one can possibly have an intimate knowledge of the career of every Notable Australasian, I have had recourse in many instances to individuals direct for specified details, and, for the sake of accuracy and completeness, wherever possible the record has been submitted to the subject of the biography for the purpose of checking data but not necessarily for revision or alteration of facts. For the form of presentation of


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/13

6 those facts and the selection of names the responsibility is entirely mine. I know that many of those whose careers are outlined would prefer to occupy less space in print than I have given them. In their extreme modesty some have requested me to omit their names altogether—a request with which, in view of their importance in the community, I have not complied. A printed proof of the record was sent to each Notable Australasian before publication. The return of this communication was essential to its insertion in the book. It was one method of ascertaining whether the subjects were alive or dead. Some having failed to return the communication as requested are apparently no longer among the living. Consequently their names disappear from the volume.

The extension of the title to "Who is Who in Australasia" is explained by the inclusion of notable New Zealanders. In addition to this wider scope, the volume has been enlarged, revised, and greatly improved. With the aid of the Index, Part I.—classified lists—supplies an extensive range of information for ready reference in a form never before presented in Australasia. In compiling this section I received most valued assistance from officials in the public services of the Commonwealth, the States, and the Dominion of New Zealand, and I am grateful to them. The portion relating to the Notable Dead should also be found to be one of great usefulness, bringing out as it does salient biographical facts in the lives of many of the makers of early Australasian history. Part II. shows that in the realm of Australasian biography there is no precedence and there are no distinctions, and it may also be taken to indicate that Commonwealth and Dominion are one in national aspiration and achievement.

I have been invited to include all men in the political and public life of Australasia. But I have no desire to forestall the federal directory. The term "notable" has a definite meaning, and I have endeavoured in regard to both New Zealanders and Australians to give it its proper interpretation. There is no intention to render it so elastic as to dignify those who really have no claim to recognition in a national work of this exclusive character. The standard of admission cannot be lowered. If in


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/14

Rh the first edition I allowed my zeal to exceed my discretion in respect of some names and details, I trust I have sufficiently atoned for the mistake by erasing them altogether from the present issue. I should have liked to have mentioned our notable cricketers. But the domain of athletics has not been entered. In view of fleeting popularity, and for fear of invidious distinctions, I have refrained from singling out any of our champions of sport.

The value of the book has been enhanced by the expansion of numerous notices and the inclusion of many entirely new ones, particularly of men in commerce and industry, the professions, and the arts and sciences. Special attention has been devoted to our great pastoralists, men who pioneered and opened up tracts of country and are still connected with the development of a national industry which contributes so largely to the wealth of this Continent. Some of these may not be so prominent in the public eye as are a number of professional politicians. But their service is at least deemed to be of value to the community, and they are worthy of permanent record. Some legislators come for a season and then disappear, and are not even remembered by their former constituents. Why elevate them to the distinction of notables?

The first edition lifted many Australians into prominence on the other side of the world. I trust these—shall I say lesser lights in the firmament of Australian notability—are not unmindful of the source whence they really derived the public notice which has since been given them.

Press and public alike have accorded Notable Australians a gratifying reception. I am obliged to all who have written in commendation of the work, especially my literary friends and critics in Australasia, from whom I have received many genuine expressions of appreciation and much practical assistance. My thanks are hereby given to leading men of the Commonwealth and New Zealand for the personal interest they have exhibited in the production. I also appreciate the courteous recognition accorded by influential newspapers and magazines, and am indebted to the Australasian Press for the extensive quotations made from my book and the fitting acknowledgment given from


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/15

8 time to time when making extracts from it. In some instances, however, Editors of newspapers have reproduced records in Notable Australians without having the grace or sense of honour to tell their readers whence they obtained the biographical facts. They allowed the unsuspecting public to infer that these particulars were of the newspapers' own compiling, and consequently received credit to which they were not entitled. In such instances, where my attention has been directed to the plagiarism, the newspaper proprietors have been warned not to continue the practice. These newspapers, I am pleased to add, have been the rare exceptions to the rule adopted by the best journals to always fully acknowledge my biographical dictionary as the source of substantial extracts.

It should be clearly understood that this work is copyright, and that the biographical records are compiled from data obtained by me at first-hand as the result of my own enterprise and expense, independently altogether of previously existing printed records. The only condition therefore on which proprietors and editors of public newspapers and magazines may publish extracts or material portions of records appearing in this volume is that in the matter they print they fairly acknowledge Johns's Notable Australians and Who is Who in Australasia as their source and original. With such acknowledgment full quotation and use by newspapers and magazines will not be objected to. As regards publication other than in a newspaper or magazine, no extract from my book may be published without my express permission; and any person forwarding extracts from this volume for publication in a manner not authorized, as well as the actual printer and publisher of such extracts, will render himself liable to legal proceedings.

FRED JOHNS. ","
 * 23RD, 1908.
 * 23RD, 1908.
 * 23RD, 1908.


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/19

18 Throughout this volume "M.P." is the affix given to all Members of the Commonwealth House of Representatives, and to them only. The Commonwealth Parliament is a Parliament by Act of the Imperial Legislature, and the members of its representative House are officially styled M.P. in all official documents, and by the Colonial Office. The letters "M.L.A." denote a member of the Legislative Assembly in the States of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and Western Australia, and the affix "M.H.A." is used in respect of a member of the House of Assembly in the States of South Australia and Tasmania. The letters "M.H.R." indicate membership of the New Zealand House of Representatives.

The members of both Houses of the first Parliament of the Commonwealth were granted by His Majesty the King: the privilege of using: the title "Honourable" for life within the Commonwealth.

The prefix "Honourable" is by local custom adopted by the members of the Federal Executive Council and by the members of the Executive and Legislative Councils of the States and of the Dominion of New Zealand. Members of the Federal Ministry and of the Governments of Victoria and Tasmania having once been appointed to the Executive Council continue to hold that office for life. The use of the title "Honourable" is, however, restricted in the case of members of the Governments of the other Australian States and the Dominion of New Zealand to the period of actual tenure of office. Every person who has served one year as Premier, or in the aggregate three years as a Minister of the Crown, is entitled to the designation of "Honourable," which is also assumed by the Speaker of the Lower House in each State Legislature, and is retained by Ex-Legislative Councillors In certain cases by the King's permission.


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/20

 who ib who nr Australasia. IS Part I. AMD IfAm GK>VKRNOR-GENBRAX»: The Bight Honourable Lord Northoote, O.OM.O., ACJJL C.B. FORMER OOVERNORS-OBNBRAL: Most Honourable the Marquis of Linlithgow, P.C., K.T.. O.C.V.O. The Right Honourable Lord Tennyson, P.C., D.C.L., O.CM.Q. GOVERNORS: New South Wales— Admiral Sir Harry H. Rawson. G.C.B. Queensland — The Right Honourable Lord Chelmsford. K.C.M.G. South Australia— Sir George Le Hunte, K.CM.G. Tasmania — Sir Gerald Strickland, K.C.M.Q. Victoria— Major-General the Honourable Sir Reginald Tal- bot, K.C.B. Western Australia— Admiral Sir Frederick Bedford, G.C.B. NAVAL COMMANDHR-fN-CHUZF: Vice-Admiral Sir Wilmot H Fawkes, K.C.B., K.C.V.O. [See Supplement.] LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS: New South Wales — The Right Honourable 8ir Frederick Barley, G.CMG. South Australia— The Right Honourable Sir Samuel Way. Bart. Tasmania— /The Honourable Sir John Dodds, K.C.M.G. Victoria— The Honourable Sir John Madden, G.OM.G. Western Australia— Sir Edward Stone, Knt. jrJ&ajimiTi EXBOT/TXTB OOUsTOHj. The Ministers of State for the Commonwealth are: — Prime Minister and Minister for External Affairs— Hon. A. Deakin. Treasurer — Hon. Sir William John Lyne. Minister for Trade and Customs — Hon. Austin Chapman. Attorney-General — Hon. Littleton Ernest Groom. Minister for Defence— Hon. Thomas Thomson Ewing. Minister for Home Affairs — Hon. John Henry Keating. Postmaster-General — Hon. Samuel Mauger. Vice-President of the Executive Council — Senator the Hen. Robert Wallace Best. [Changes occurred in the Cabinet on 18th Oct., 1906, npon the deration ef the Hon. I. A. Isaacs to the High Court Bench; on 24th Jan., 1907, on the re- tirement of the Hon. T. Harford, and on 80th July, 1907, upon the resignation ef Sir John Forrest. The Hon. B. W. Best was appointed Vioe-Presldeat ef the XxecutlTe Council on 20th February, 1907.]


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/21

14 FORMER FEDERAL CABINETS.

BARTON ADMINISTRATION. (1st Jan., 1901, to 24th Sept., 190S.) Prime Minister and Minister for External Affairs — Son. Edmund Barton. Attorney-General — Hon. Alfred Deakin. Minister for Home Affairs — Hon. Sir William John Lyne ; succeeded on Aug. IS, 190S, by Sir John Forrest. Treasurer — Rt. Hon. Sir George Turner. Minister for Trade and Customs — Rt. Hon. Charles Cameron Kingston, resigned July 23, 190S, and succeeded on Aug. IS by Sir William John Lyne. Minister for Defence — Sir James Robert Dickson (died Jany. 17, 1901), and succeeded by Sir John Forrest, who held office until Aug. IS, 190S, when he was succeeded by Hon. Jas. George Drake. Postmaster-General — Rt. Hon. Sir John Forrest until Jany. IT, 1901 ; succeeded by the Hon. J. G. Drake, who was suc- ceeded by Hon. Sir Philip Oakley Fysh, Aug. IS, 190S. Vice-President of Executive Council — Hon. Richard Edward O'Connor. Without Portfolio— Hon. Nell Elliott Lewis until April **. 1901 ; succeeded by Sir Philip O. Fysh.

DEAKIN ADMINISTRATION. (24th Sept., 190S, to 26th April, 1904.) Minister for External Affairs — Hon. Alfred Deakin. Minister for Trade and Customs — Hon. Sir William John Lyne, K.C.M.G. Treasurer — Rt. Hon. Sir George Turner, P.C., K.C.M.G. Minister for Home Affairs — Rt. Hon. Sir John Forrest, P.G, G.C.M.G. Attorney-General — Hon. James George Drake. Postmaster-General — Hon. Sir Philip Oakley Fysh, K.C.M.G. Minister for Defence— Hon. Austin Chapman. Vice-President of the Executive Council — Hon. Thomas Play- ford.

WATSON ADMINISTRATION. (27th April, to 17th Aug., 1904.) Treasurer — Hon. John Christian Watson. Minister for External Affairs — Hon. William Morris Hughes. Attorney-General — Hon. Henry Bournes Higglns, K.C Minister for Home Affairs — Hon. Egerton Lee Batohelor. Minister for Trade and Customs — Hon. Andrew Fisher. Minister for Defence — Hon. Anderson Dawson. Postmaster-General — Hon. Hugh Mahon. Vice-President of Executive Council — Hon. Gregor McGregor. REID-McLEAN ADMINISTRATION. (17th Aug., 1904 to 5th July, 1906.) Minister for External Affairs — Rt. Hon. George Houston* Held, P.C, K.C. Minister for Trade and Customs— Hon. Allan McLean.


text: Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/380


text: Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/379


text: Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/378


text: Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/377


text: Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/376


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/375

370 thoroughness and skill. How you have done it single handed is more than I am able to imagine."

The correspondent of The Times, resident in Australia wrote :— "I sent a copy of your excellent work to the Editor of The Times, London, as being the most accurate and compendious account of prominent Australians that could be needed."


text:
Page:A Compendium of Irish Biography.djvu/85

 measure, believing it would be destructive to the commercial interests of Ireland; yet it was carried, including a clause against horses, in the autumn of 1666, by 165 to 104 in the English Commons, and 63 to 47 in the Lords. A subscription of 30,000 cattle from Ireland for the relief of the sufferers by the Fire of London, rather hastened the passage of the measure; such importation being felt by the English country party to be a direct infringement of their profits. After the passage of the Act, we are told that in Ireland horses fell from 30s. to 1s., and beeves from 50s. to 10s. each. The Duke endeavoured to lighten the gloom that settled down upon the country consequent on this and other measures fettering its trade and commerce. He fostered the linen and woollen manufactures, and encouraged the opening up of commercial relations with the Continent. Reflections upon Ireland by the Duke of Buckingham, in the course of debates upon the Cattle Bill, precipitated differences long brewing between him and the Duke of Ormond, whom Buckingham felt to be his opponent in the King's graces. Lord Ossory especially resented an expression of Buckingham's, that none were against the Bill "but those who had either Irish estates or Irish understandings," and a duel would have been fought but for Charles's intervention on behalf of his favourite. The influence of Buckingham and others was so powerful, that early in 1669 Ormond was dismissed from the Lord-Lieutenancy. The opinion entertained in England of the frivolous character of the pretences upon which this change was made, and of Ormond's high character, was shown by his being almost immediately chosen Chancellor of the University of Oxford. To rebut charges of malversation and aggrandisement, Carte gives, in his 7th Book, a table showing that the Duke was a loser to the extent of £868,590 during the war. An attempt to assassinate Ormond was made by Colonel Blood and his associates, in London, on 6th December 1670. So certain was the Earl of Ossory that Buckingham was mixed up in the transaction, that he took the first opportunity, in the King's presence, of charging him with complicity in the crime, adding: "If my father comes to a violent end by sword or pistol, if he dies by the hand of a ruffian, or by the more secret way of poison, I shall not be at a loss to know the first author of it; I shall consider you as the assassin; I shall treat you as such; and wherever I meet you I shall pistol you, though you stood behind the King's chair." Afterwards, when Blood was forgiven by the King for stealing his regalia, Ormond, who was requested to condone the attack, drily replied, that "if the King could forgive him the stealing of his crown, he might easily forgive him the attempt on his life." His deprivation of the Lord-Lieutenancy did not appear to lessen the Duke's interest in the affairs of Government. The Stewardship of the Household kept him much about the Court, and he took a prominent part in the deliberations of the Council, labouring "more zealously, and with better judgment, integrity, and success than any of the Ministers to advance the King's service, and to prevent the ill effects of the measures of administration in which he was not concerned … The Duke's resolution was never to be out of humour with his prince, however his prince might be out of humour with him … Nothing provoked the Duke's enemies more than that all the mortifications they threw in his way did neither, on the one hand, humble and make him crouch to them, nor, on the other, drive him to offend the King, to fling up his staff, or join with the disaffected." The Duke's mother. Lady Thurles, "a lady of admirable sense, virtue, and piety," died in May 1673, aged 86. Next year he left London to return to Kilkenny for a time. In 1675 complaints regarding his late Irish administration were made to the King and Council by Lord Ranelagh: after protracted proceeding he was, in 1677, fully cleared, and was shortly afterwards reinstated in the Lord-Lieutenancy. He again met a warm and respectful reception in Dublin, and about this period laid the foundation stone of the Royal Military Hospital, Kilmainham. Much of his attention was necessarily turned towards placing the revenues of the country upon a proper basis. The reputed Popish plot of the following year caused him much anxiety; the Acts for the banishment of the Catholic clergy were rigidly put in force, and the Catholic inhabitants were deprived of arms and ammunition. On the other hand, it is stated that he discountenanced more extreme measures against the Catholic gentry, strongly urged upon the Government by many of their Irish adherents. In August 1683, during a visit to London, he was made an English Duke. The policy adopted by James II., after his accession, by no means met his approval. He was, however, now far advanced in years, and absented himself more and more from public life. In June 1688 he was seized with a shivering fit, at a residence he had rented—Kingston Hall in Dorsetshire. He gradually declined—preserving, as he had all along desired, his intellect clear 61


text:
Page:A Compendium of Irish Biography.djvu/84

 days with his family at Caen, and then proceeded to Paris to pay his duty to Queen Henrietta Maria. During his ensuing residence in France he was in the greatest straits for money; and he and his family could scarcely have subsisted were it not that the Marchioness was allowed by Cromwell to visit Ireland in 1653, where after two years' negotiations she secured a reversion of a portion of her jointure. We are told that Cromwell "treated her, indeed, always with the greatest civility; never refused her an audience; and when she went away, he always waited on her to her coach or chair." After a short imprisonment in the Tower, her eldest son, the Earl of Ossory, and her second son, Richard, were permitted to retire to Holland; while "she lived at Dunmore, applying herself to tillage and country affairs, and never saw her lord till he came over to England in the June after His Majesty's restoration." Meanwhile, the Marquis was engaged in constant negotiations. In 1657 he risked his life by visiting London in disguise, to consult with the King's friends, and appears then to have discountenanced armed opposition to Cromwell's government, as likely to prove ineffectual. Upon his return to Paris, he lay concealed until April 1658, "almost in as much danger of the Bastile there as he had been of the Tower of London," treaties between France and England having obliged Charles and his adherents to leave France in 1656, and take up their abode in Holland and elsewhere. In 1660 came the Restoration, and Carte concludes his 5th Book with the words: "The King was invited over without any condition, and the Marquis of Ormond, who had attended him in the whole course of his exile, attended him likewise in the latter end of May on his happy return into England." The same author thus opens his 6th Book: "The Marquis of Ormond, after ten year's banishment and a long-continued series of adversity, now found himself in his native country, happy in the favour of his prince, and in the esteem of the world, and dignified with various honours and employments." He was sworn in Privy-Councillor, and made Steward of the Household, and in March 1661 was created a Duke. The Duchess joined him in London; and he saw himself at Court with all his family about him. All was confusion in Irish affairs. It was found impossible to make such easy terms with the Cromwellian adventurers in Ireland, as with the adherents of the Commonwealth in England. On 27th September 1662 the Act of Settlement was passed; and Ormond, as the Lord-Lieutenant, became Referee to the Commissioners of the Court of Claims, instituted for the carrying out of the provisions of the measure. This Act, qualified by the Act of Explanation passed shortly afterwards, created what has been described by Mr. Prendergast as "a counter revolution, by which some of the royalist English of Ireland, and a few of the native Irish, were restored to their estates." By the Act of Explanation, says Smiles, in his History, "which closed the settlement of Ireland, thousands of the most respectable and ancient inhabitants of Ireland were consigned to hopeless ruin and wretchedness: 3,200 claims, the investigation of which Charles had guaranteed according to his own Act of Settlement, were summarily got rid of; and the applicants were stripped of their property, without so much as the form of a trial. Their repeated applications for a hearing of their cause … were pertinaciously refused by the monarch for whom they had sacrificed their all; while the men who had rebelled against his father, and resisted his own authority, were rewarded with at least two-thirds of the best lands in Ireland." The Cromwellians also felt themselves aggrieved; and the Duke found it necessary to suppress more than one of their plots. Several officers were executed in 1663, for a conspiracy, in which Colonel Blood was engaged, to seize the Castle of Dublin; and three years afterwards a mutiny at Carrickfergus was suppressed after considerable bloodshed, by the Duke in person and his son, the Earl of Arran. While Charles was squandering thousands in licentiousness, the army in Ireland was in chronic discontent, from arrears of pay, and want of a proper commissariat, and the Duke was occasionally obliged to smooth matters over by supplying deficiencies out of his private estate. During his temporary absence in London upon business relative to the Act of Explanation, the Earl of Ossory acted as Lord-Deputy. Upon the Duke's return to Dublin, 17th October 1665, he was received in state by the Corporatin and citizens. Along the route from James's-gate to the Castle, emblematic "mysteries" were enacted, and at Cornmarket, we are told, there was a "conduit whence wine ran freely." Some days afterwards, the Act of Explanation, already referred to, was passed by the Irish Parliament. In June 1663, a Bill was brought into the English Parliament to prevent the importation, alive or dead, of Irish sheep or cattle. There had been an importation since the war, of cattle alone, of 61,000 per annum. The Duke vigorously opposed this 60


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/374

 The Pastoralists' Review.—"Notable Australians interests the people because it deals with Australian personality and is free from fulsome nonsense regarding the individuals who have by meritorious service won the distinction of a place in the work . . A Federal Minister remarked the other day, ' I often look up "Johns," and nearly always find what I want.' That was a high compliment to this Australian book."

Life.— "A book that may be taken up with enjoyment at any time. ... It is hardly the kind of volume the holiday- maker would pack in his trunk ; nevertheless the interest, the entertainment, the romance, the history — or their seeds— packed into this book are astonishing.

The World's News, Sydney.— "John's Notable Australians will be found extremely useful in every business office and library throughout the Commonwealth."

The Bankers's Magazine of Australasia. — "This valuable work is not burdened with eulogistic notices of nobodies. It is a fair marshalling of well-known names, and the selection is a happy one."

The Australasian Traveller.— "Mr. Johns's work came as a pleasant surprise — being bright where it might very easily have been dull, and strictly biographical where it might have been merely panegyrical and useless. From practical experience— we have it in daily use in the office of this paper— we recommend it without reservation."

Some unsolicited opinions expressed by Australian editors in letters to the author : —
 * " A monument of great industry and critical acumen."
 * " This work will live. It has the right foundation."
 * "A veritable treasury of information which I find I have to keep before me for constant reference and frequent quotation."
 * " I congratulate you on having with marked ability, tact, unwearied perseverance and labour accomplished a great and useful task, which will keep your own name amongst our notables for years to come."
 * " This is something more than a standard work of reference ; it is a substantial contribution to Australian literature. It is rich in biographical and historical facts, with a marvellous wealth of detail set out with wise discrimination and sound judgment, and bearing unmistakable evidence of great industry ... Your splendid achievement proves your intimate and comprehensive knowledge of Australian men and affairs, and certainly entitles you to a prominent place as a biographer."

A prominent critic and University teacher volunteered the opinion, "A most admirable book—a monument of enterprise,


text:
Page:A Compendium of Irish Biography.djvu/88

 the degree of LL.D. at Oxford. Under James II. he was Privy-Councillor of Ireland, Lieutenant of the County of Kilkenny, and Colonel of the 2nd Regiment of Irish Horse. He served with distinction at the Boyne and Aughrim, and was one of the signers of the Treaty of Limerick. He might probably have secured his old estates of 10,000 acres in Kilkenny and 5,000 in Wexford, if he had consented to give his allegiance to William III., instead of following Sarsfield to France. On the establishment of the Irish troops in France he was made Colonel of the 2nd Queen's Regiment of Horse. He was at the siege of Roses in 1693, and in 1694 was Brigadier attached to the army of Germany. He served in Italy and other parts of the Continent from 1701 to 1703, sharing all the fortunes of the Irish Brigade. His son fell at Malplaquet, 1709. Viscount Galmoy died at Paris, 18th June 1740, aged 88. O'Callaghan says: "The successive claimants of the title of Galmoy were officers in France down to the Revolution; in whose armies, as well as in others, various gentlemen have honourably represented a name, of which the illustrious General Lafayette is related to have said, in the war for the independence of the United States of America, that 'whenever he wanted anything well done, he got a Butler to do it.'"

Butler, Pierce, American statesman, of the family of the Dukes of Ormond, was born in Ireland in 1744. An officer in the British army stationed in North America, he resigned shortly before the Revolution, and settled in South Carolina. He was a member of the old Congress in 1787; of the Convention that framed the Federal Constitution in 1788; and was Senator from South Carolina 1789-'96, and 1802-'4. He died in Philadelphia, 15th February 1822, aged about 77.

Butler, Richard, Major-General U.S.A., was born in Ireland. He emigrated to America in 1760, was, in 1777, made Lieutenant-Colonel in the Revolutionary army, and distinguished himself on many occasions. He held the rank of Colonel at the close of the war, and was appointed agent for Indian affairs in Ohio. In 1791 he had risen to be a Major-General, and marched in the expedition of St. Clair against the Indians. He was tomahawked and scalped in an engagement on the 4th November of that year, 1791. Several members of the Butler family, of American birth, have distinguished themselves in the history of the United States.

Butler, Richard, Viscount Mountgarret, descended from the 8th Earl of Ormond, was born in 1578, His first wife was Margaret, eldest daughter of Hugh O'Neill; and, taking part with his father-in-law, he particularly distinguished himself by the defence of the castles of Ballyragget and Cullahill. Nevertheless, his estates were confirmed to him both by James I. and Charles I. At the commencement of hostilities in 1641 he appeared inclined to espouse the Government side, and was appointed Governor of Kilkenny. Fearing, however, that the rights and liberties of his Catholic brethren would be still further interfered with, he wrote an explanatory letter to the Earl of Ormond, and took possession of Kilkenny in the name of the Confederates, He endeavoured to protect the lives and property of the Protestants, without relaxing his efforts for the side he had espoused. Early in the war he secured all the towns and forts in Kilkenny, in Waterford, and Tipperary, and marched into Munster and took Knockordan and Mallow, and other strongholds. Unfortunately for the Confederates, Cork objected to his jurisdiction, and insisted upon the appointment of a general of its own. Thus were lost the advantages of undivided and vigorous control of the Confederate armies. On 13th April 1642, he was defeated at the battle of Kilrush, near Athy, by the Earl of Ormond. Soon after, he was chosen President of the Supreme Council of Kilkenny. In 1643 he was at the battle of Ross, and at the capture, by his son Edmund, of the Castle of Borris, in the Queen's County; also at the siege of Ballynakill, a fortress that had held out bravely for eighteen months. Viscount Mountgarret was outlawed by Cromwell, and excepted from pardon for life or estate. He died in 1651, and was interred in St. Canice's, Kilkenny. His son was eventually restored to his estates and honours by Charles II. This branch of the Butlers is now represented by the 13th Viscount Mountgarret.

Butler, Richard, Dean of Clonmacnoise, was born near Granard, County of Longford, 14th October 1794. He was educated at Reading under Dr. Valpy; in 1814 he entered Oxford, and in 1819 received priest's orders, and was inducted vicar, of Trim. There his life was passed in attendance on the duties of his cure, and in literary and antiquarian investigations. He was intimate with the best minds of the day in his own party: Maria Edgeworth was an occasional visitor at his house. He was one of the founders of the Irish Archæological Society, for which association he edited Clyn and Bowling's Annals. Before 1840 he had brought out two 64


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/372

 C0NCERNING THE FIRST EDITION.

The Australasian.—" A compendious book of personal refer- ence of the character which has long been needed. . . . It is by far the best furnished volume of its kind yet produced here."

The Age, Melbourne.— -" For many years there has been a lamentable lack of good collections of biographies of Australian men of mark. Most of the publications of this order were worked up on the lines of 'the more you pay the better notice you receive,' and as usual in such cases, the books were incomplete, and not altogether reliable. The want has, however, now been filled by Joint's NotabU Australians. . . . Facts, and facts alone, are included, the information being checked by the subjects of the biographies them-elvns wherever possible. Eulogy has naturally been totally banned, and sonnd, sensible lines have been followed throughout. . . . The volume is as representative as it was possible to make it, and should prove a valuable addition to the library of every professional and business man in the Commonwealth."

The Argue, Melbourne.— •' Rotable Australians, of which Fred. Johns is the author, promises to enjojr an extensive circulation. As the first and only work of its kind in the Commonwealth, it is already considered indispensable in many public and private libraries,. newspaper ana Government offices, and business houses."

The Sydney Morning Herald.—" An excellent and useful work. . . . We particularly welcome it because of the con- ciseness of its detail and the wideness of its scope. . . . Many and many a time have readers been at a loss toknow something of this or that Australian who has distinguished himself. They have not known where to turn for information. This want is now supplied by Mr. Johns's book, which should be in the possession of everybody who is interested in the doings of Australians."

The Daily Telegraph, Sydney.— " One of the most welcome additions to our libraries. . . . Even in its first edition, the issue is fully entitled to take its place alongside the well-known English volume, Who's Who, and its American imitation. . . . Brief, pithv, and most informative references are made to a vast majority of the leading public men and women of Australia. . . . In the office of the professional and business man the work will be found invaluable."

The Evening News, Sydney.—" Without giving it undue praise, one of the most useful of books ... As a local guide to people known, and about whom it is needful to refresh


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/371

NOTABLK DKAD OF AUSTRALASIA. Won. Walt** Xovatio (1839-1902), politician, born In North Wales, and came to Australia while a young; man. "After a few years ia Victoria, he est tied in Brisbane where he spent the remainder of his Ufa He was admitted a solicitor of the Supreme Court in 1865. Called to U» Legislative Council in 1885, he was appointed in the same year Postmas- ter-General In the Griffith Ministry, and subsequently held the same office combined with the portfolio of Education in the Mcllwralth and Nelson Ministries. He also held portfolios in the Byrnes and Dickson Govern- ments. Died 28th February 1902.

WlVnB-ZBTXVO, Kon. William Irriag, F.R.G.S. (1880-1901), Victorias paetorallst, proprietor of the Stanhope estate. For many years member for the Northern Province in the Legislative Council of Victoria. Died 28th June 1901.

YOUX., Mr James AvadeU, K.C.M.G. (1810-1904), identified for man? years with Tasmania. He took an -active part In the introduction of Shimon into the waters of Tasmania and New Zealand. Cr. K.CM.Q. tn 1894.


text: Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/341


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/342

section of the work contains notices of celebrities of Australasia who have died since the opening of the Twentieth Century. My original design included a comprehensive record of the Notable Dead of Australia and New Zealand from the earliest times. I hope to be able to complete this in the form of a Dictionary of National Biography in future editions. For this purpose I shall welcome the receipt of suggestions and data from descendants of our distinguished dead. The dates in brackets represent the years of birth and death.

FRED. JOHNS.


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/343

838 Sir Joseph Palmer, K.C.M.G. (1842-1901), New South Wales legislator, was born at Muswellbrook, N.S.W. In 1842. He enter*] Parliament In 1880, was Secretary for Mines In the Stuart Government from 1883 to 1885, and later Secretary for Lands In the Dlbbs Ministry, Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New South Wales from 1890 to June 1900. member of the Federal Conventions of 1891 and 1897-8, and for many years Chairman of Directors of the Australian Mutual Provident Society. He was created Knight Bachelor in 1892, and K.C.MG. In 1895. Sometime Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Freemasons in New South Wales.

AOVZW, Son. Sir James Wilson, K.C.MG. (1815-1901), Tasmanian politician. He was admitted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, England, In 1838, took his M.D. at Glasgow in 1839, and practised his pro- fession at Hobart for many years. From March 1886 to March 1887 he was Premier and Chief Secretary of Tasmania.

AYGA8, John Koward (1823-1904), pioneer, pastorallst, politician and philanthropist. He was a son of George Fife Angas, one of the founders of the Province of South Australia, was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and in 1843 settled in South Australia where he owned large estates. He was known for his munificence and public spirit, and endowed the Chair of Chemistry (£6,000) In 1884, and founded an Engineering Scholarship (£4,000) in 1878 at the University of Adelaide. Died at Colllngrove, South Australia. See The Life of John Howard Angas, by the Rev. H. T. Burgess, LL.D.

ABOKBB, Archibald (1820-1902), Queensland pastorallst and politician, born in Fife, Scotland, was well known as a pioneer pastorallst of the Rockhampton district, where he settled In 1860. For many years he was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland, and from January 1882 to November 1883 was Colonial Treasurer and Secretary for Public Instruction.

ABCHSJft Thomas, C.M.G (1823-1905), Queensland pastorallst, was born at Glasgow, Scotland, 27th February, 1823, came to New South Wales In 1839, and in 1847 went to Queensland where he became a pioneer in the pastoral industry. (During his absence from the colony In 1853 his brothers Charles and William explored what was afterwards Gracemere station, and discovered and named the Fitzroy river: See P. 60). Thomas Archer was some time Agent-General for Queensland in England. William Archer dramatic critic and author, is his son.

BABTOIT, George Burnett (1836-1901), barrister-at-law, historian and litterateur. He was an eminent Australian publicist and at one time Editor of the New Zealand Jurist. In addition to much work relating to the history of Australia, he contributed to journals and magazines, and was the author of Literature of New South Wale* (Sydney 1866), Poet* and Pro** Writer* •f New South Wale* (Sydney 1866), and HUtory of New South Wale* from the Record*. vol. I. (1783-89). He was the elder brother of Sir Edmund Barton, first Prime Minister of the Commonwealth, and now a Justice of the High Court of Australia.

BBfiL, Bon. James (1836-1908), politician and merchant, arrived in Victoria in 1867. He founded the firm of James Bell & Co., grain mer- chants and coal Importers, was member of the Victorian Legislative


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/344

Rh Council from 1882 to 1904, and Minister for Defence from Sept 1889 to Not. 1890.

BBXBT, Hon. fllr Graham, K.C.M.O. (1822-1904), statesman, was born at Twickenham, England, 28th August, 1822, emigrated to Victoria in IS 62, and became one of the most conspicuous men in the public life of that colony. For a considerable period he conducted the Cottimpwood Ob urvm , and in politics was a prominent Liberal-Protectionist He was thrice Premier — in 1876, from 1877 to 1880, and during 1880-1 — and Joined in the famous coalition with Mr. Service in 1883. He was Chief Secretary from 1883 to 1886, Agent-General for Victoria in London from 1886 to 1891. and created K.C.M.G. in 1886. After his return to the colony he was Speaker of the Legislative Assembly from 1894 to 1897, and sat in the National Convention which framed the Common- wealth Constitution in 1897 and 1898. The Hon. Alfred Deakln, alluding to Sir Graham Berry's career,sald "He had the pronounced gift of generalship both in the House and in the country* but it was very largely his remarkable eloquence and energy that, on the 11th of May 1877, won the greatest electoral victory ever achieved in Victoria. He proved himself a resolute and far-seeing Premier, and a wise and prudent counsellor In the Cabinet The greater part of his public life was spent as a fighting chieftain, conspicuously able, earnest, and consistent He was Anally triumphant after prolonged strife."

BOHWICZ, James, F.R.G.S. (1817-1906), author and historian, was born in London on 8th July, 1817, spent some years in Tasmania from IE 41, travelled extensively in the other States, and afterwards settled in Victoria where he lived for many years, until he returned to England to permanently reside. He was a prolific author of books relating chiefly to the early history of Australia.

BOOTKBT, Ouy Bewail (1867-1906), novelist, was born at Adelaide, where he lived for many years, and then proceeded to England. He was author of many popular works of fiction.

BOOTKBT, William Boblnson, C.M.G. (1829-19037, public official, was born in England on 26th September, 1829, graduated B.A. at London Uni- versity, and in 1853 settled In South Australia where his father became a Supreme Court Judge. He was author of the Ballot Act (providing for voting at elections with a cross within a square, a system afterwards adopt- ed In the Australian States, and now in vogue in different parts of the Empire), and he was for about fifty years until his death Sheriff of the Province of South Australia.

BADDOY, Bt. Hon. Sir Edward Vicholas Coventry, P.C., K.C.M.G.. LL.D. (1829-1904), statesman, was born in England on 11th June 1829, and after having seiteu in the Army in India with distinction, retired to Tasmania on a pension in 1878. For many years he was one of the most prominent public men of the island colony of which he was Premier from 1894 to 1899, and which he represented In London as Agent-General. He t^ok a conspii ucus part in the federation movement and sat in the Con- vention which framed the Commonwealth Constitution, and In the first Parliament of the Commonwealth. Author of the famous Braddon finan- cial clauses in the Constitution. He was created K.C.M.G. in 1891, and a Privy Councillor in 1897, during Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. Brother of Miss Braddon, the novelist.


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/345

340 ff, Hon. Hloholas John (1838-1903), politician, was born at Ho- bart He was engaged in pastoral pursuits. Elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly in 1876, he was Minister for Lands and Works in the Fyeh Ministry from August 1877 to Dec. 1878, in the Giblin Ministry from Dec. 1882 to August 1884, and in the Douglas and Agnew Administra- tions until March 1887. He was Speaker from 7th July 1891 to 2nd Dec. 1898, and again from 9 th March 1897, until his death 22nd Sept. 1902. He attended the Federation Conventions of 1883 and 1891, and was a repre- sentative of Tasmania at the National Convention of 1897-8, which framed the Commonwealth Constitution.

BUUBB, Sir Walter Kawry, K.C.M.G., D.Sc, F.R.S. (1838-1906), scien- tist and public official, was born at Newark, Bay of Islands, New Zealand, 9th October 1838, son of the late Rev. James Buller, who arrived in the colony in 1836 as a missionary, and was a prominent minister of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. Having acquired knowledge of Maori, he was appointed Government Interpreter at Wellington, and edited Maori papers. He distinguished himself in the Maori war, and from 1862 to 1872 was Resident Magistrate and Native Commissioner and Judge of the Native Land Court, holding official appointments, chiefly in connection with native affaire for altogether fifteen years. In 1874 he was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, and returning to New Zealand, practised his profession with remarkable success until 1886, when he went to Eng- land as Commissioner for the colony at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition for services in connection with which he was created K.C.MG. He devoted much attention to ornithology, and for his researches in this branch oi science was created C.M.G. in 1875, and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1876. He received the gold medal of the New Zealand Exhibition for science and literature in 1881, was a founder of the New Zealand Insti- tute, and received various decorations and honours, including the honorary degree of D.Sc. of Cambridge and Tubingen for his work in the interest of science. Author of A BUtory of the Birds of New Zealand (1873, 2nd ed. 1888). BYBVB, Bight Bev. Joseph Patrick, D.D. (1843-1901), Bishop of Ba- thurst, N.S.W. (Roman Catholic), from 1886.

CAPSTAN, Bon. Sir Alfred Jerome, K.C.M.G., born in New Zealand, sat In the House of Representatives of the colony for many years, and was in close political accord with Sir George Grey. In 1891 he took office in the Ballance Government, and was sometime Minister of Native Affairs. Call- ed to the Legislative Council in 1899, and Speaker of that House from 7th July 1904 until his death on 23rd March 1905. Created C.MG. in 1901 on the occasion of the visit of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall to New Zealand, and K.C.M.G. in 1903.

CABTBB, Bon. Godfrey Downes (1830-1902), merchant and politician, was born in Jamaica, and in 1853 settled in Victoria, where he became a leading merchant. For many years he was member of the Legislative Assembly, Treasurer of the colony in the Patterson Ministry from January 1893 to Sept 1894, and Mayor of Melbourne in 1884-6.

OBAUGEB8, Bight Bev. William, D.D. (1833-1901), Bishop of Goulbura (Church of England), was educated at St Andrews University, and St Augustine's College, Canterbury. He was a missionary in Borneo from 1868 to 1861, afterwards held important incumbencies in Victoria, and was Canon of Melbourne from 1879 to 1892. Consecrated Bishop of Goul-


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/346

Rh burn N.S.W. 1st November 1892, In succession to the late Dr. Thomas, and occupied the See until his death.

CXdUME, *ev. Charles (1838-1903), lecturer, was born in London 19th April 1838. He was a Baptist minister in London and the Provinces, and from 1869 to 1874 held the pastorate of Albert Park Church, Melbourne. After resigning his pastoral charge, he became one of the most celebrated lecturers who ever appeared on Australian platforms, and also toured America and England.

OJmAMKB, tteut-Oeneral Son. Sir Andrew, R.E.. ,G.C.M.G., C.B., CLE. < 1824-1 902), military administrator, eldest son of the late Colonel Andrew Clarke, of Belmont, County Donegal, Governor of Western Australia in 1846-7, was born at Southsea, Hants, 27th July 1824, and saw active service in New Zealand. He was sometime in Tasmania and in 1853 was appointed Surveyor-General of Victoria, and Chief Commissioner of Crown Lands, with a seat in the Legislative Council. Upon responsible government being granted to the colony in 186 5, he took office as Minister of Lands in the first Ministry. The working men of Victoria evinced great interest in his candidature, and drew up an address to the electors of South Mel- bourne urging them to return him. After his election to the first Legisla- tive Assembly of the colony, and while a member of the Haines Adminis- tration, he carried a number of railway Bills through Parliament, and -was prominently Identified with public affairs generally. It is interesting to remember that he brought in a Bill for the establishment of municipal institutions, and was regarded as the founder of municipal government in Victoria. In 1858 he left Australia and resumed his military duties, but he always displayed a lively and an abiding interest in Australian affairs, especially of Victoria, for which colony he acted as Agent-General for some- time. On returning to England from West Africa, he was Director of Works for the Navy until 1873, when he reorganized the arsenals at Portsmouth, Plymouth, Chatham, Cork, Malta, and Bermudas. After hold- ing the positions of Governor of the Straits Settlements from 1873 to 1875, and Minister of Public Works In India from 1875 to 1880, he became Com- mandant at Chatham and Inspector-General of fortifications. (See Men- aell's Dictionary of Australasian Biography 1892.)

CO^TOV, Hon. Sir John, K.C.M.G. (1823-1902), merchant and politician, was born in Devonshire, England, 20th September 1823, and came to South Australia in 1839. He was a leading merchant (senior partner in the firm* of John Col ton & Co.), and took a prominent part in public affairs in the eolony, holding office in the Strangways and second Boucaut Ministries and becoming Premier in June 1876. His Ministry remained in power until October 1877, and he was again Premier from June 1884 to June 1885. Created K.C.M.G. In 1891.

COOFBB, Sir Daniel, Bart., G.C.M.G. (1821-1902), merchant and politi- cian, was born at Bolton-le-Moors, Lancashire, England, 1st July 1821, and settled in New South Wales in 1843. In 1848, he was elected to the Legislative Council of the colony, and in 1866 to the first Legislative As- sembly, and was chosen first Speaker on 22nd May 1866. He continued to occupy the Speakership until 31st January I860, when he resigned, and in the following year took up his residence in England. In the early days or the eolony he founded a wealthy commercial house, was sometime Presi- dent of the Bank of New South Wales, and represented his colony at all the great exhibitions in Europe and America. He was knighted in 1857.


text:
Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/347

348 created a Baronet in 1863, K.C.M.G. in 1880, and G.C.M.G. in 1888. On several occasions he acted as Agent-General for New South Wales.

OOFEX.AJTO, Xos. Henry (1839-1904), politician and public official, was born at Hull, England, 6th June 1S39 and came to Australia in 1857. Originally a miner, he entered the New South Wales Parliament in 1877, having previously been a member of the Mining Board, and sat in the Legislature until 1900. He was Minister for Works in 1883, Minister for Lands in 1886-7, and again from 1891 to 1894, and took an active part in the movement for Australian federation. On 17th March 1900, he was appointed Agent-General in London, and held the position up to the time of his death.

COPPXV, Oeorge Selth (1819-1906), "Father of the Australian Stage/ was born at Steyning, Sussex, England, 8th April 1819, son of George Selth Coppln, surgeon, and arrived in Sydney in 18 43. He practically laid the foundation of the drama in Victoria, and brought out the famous tragedian, O. V. Brooke, and many other artists from England; he was afterwards in partnership with Brooke. Coppln's Company gave the first grand opera season in Australia in 1856. Until his retirement from the stage in 1881, he was always a prominent theatrical manager in Melbourne. He opened the Cremorne Gardens, and leased or himself built and owned a number of leading theatres. He took an active part in Victorian politics, was thrice returned to the Legislative Council, and also sat in the Legisla- tive Assembly. He was also closely identified with the business and phil- anthropic life of Melbourne, was founder of the Post Office Savings Bank, and of the Old Colonists' Association, and was Grand Master of the first Orand Lodge of Freemasons in Victoria, in which his name was a house- hold word. (See Johns's Notable Australian* 1st ed., The Age, Melb., and The Argus, Melb ., 15th March 1906). Died 14th March 1906.

COWTB, Most Bsv. William Garden, D.D. (1831-1902), Primate of New Zealand, was born in London, and educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge (B.A. 1855, M.A. 1865). He was chaplain to Lord Clyde's Army at the capture of Lucknow in 1858, and to Sir Neville Chamberlain's column against the Afghans in 1863 and 1864. In 1863 he was appointed Chaplain to the Viceroy of India, and in 1864 to the Bishop of Calcutta, in 1865 Chaplain of Cashmere, and in 1867, Rector of Stafford. Consecrated Bishop of Auckland in 1869, and appointed Primate of New Zealand in 1895. Author of Note* on the Templet of Caehmere, and A Visit to Norfolk Island. Died 26th June 1902.

COWFBB, Very Ber. William Maoquarie (1810-1902), Dean of Sydney, son of the late Archdeacon William Cowper, and brother of Sir Charles Cowper, sometime Premier of New South Wales. He was born in Sydney 3rd July 1810, and educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, where he took his B.A. degree in 1833, and M.A in 1835. For about 20 years he was Chaplain to the Australian Agricultural Company at Port Stephens, was afterwards Principal of Moore College, and in 1858 succeeded his father at St. Philip's Sydney, and became Dean and Archdeacon of Sydney. COX, Bon. Cfoorge Henry (1824-1901), pastoralist and politician, was born at Mudgee. He became a leading pastoralist, and was a successful breeder of fine wool merino sheep, and sometime President of the New South Wales Sheepbreeders' Association. He was a member of the first Legislative Assembly of N.S.W., and sat in the Legislative Council of his native colony for nearly forty years.