text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 29, 1918.djvu/72

 62 and carried it home, where he baked it over the fire and put it in a mortar and ground it to powder, and that powder he tied up in a piece of cloth and placed it in a chest. Now the King had a daughter who chanced to find the powder in the chest, and, not knowing what it was, she sniffed it and then replaced it in the chest. But thereby she was presently with child. To her father’s questions as to how she came to be with child, she replied it was owing to the powder. Then the King caused a boat to be built for her, and in it he placed food and drink, together with his daughter, and launched the boat upon the sea so that the sea might carry her away, for he was afraid of the words of the skull. In the boat, the King’s daughter gave birth to a child; and the boat drifted far away to the coast of an unknown country, where it was washed ashore. There the King’s daughter landed and brought up her child, and then they began to wander along the coast. The mother wished to build a house so that they might settle down, but the son declared that he would not build a house anywhere until they had come to the place of evil upon evil. As they journeyed thus, they came to Stamboul (Constantinople) and there they saw a snake which was biting a thorn-bush, and the thorn-bush was pricking the snake so that it was all covered with blood. “See, mother, this is the place of evil upon evil,” said the son, “and here will we build our house.” Then there came to them the Plague—in the shape of a woman—who said to the youth: “Take me to be your true love and I will build you a town as it were Nature’s own work.” And he promised he would do as she wished so that she might build the town for him. Then the Plague bade him mount his horse and ride before her towards the place where his town should stand. He obeyed, and wherever he passed, the walls arose and grew up behind him. When he came back to the place where he had started, he looked back; but now the walls of his town would not join up.


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/Forms and Failures of the Law

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/Hypnotism in Disease and Crime


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/Californian Dry-Winter Flowers


text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 29, 1918.djvu/73

 Rh Then his mother said to him: “Do not take her to wife, my son. Why should you entertain this fancy which is surely of the devil?” He obeyed his mother and did not marry the Plague, but walled her up with stones, and that is why the plague mostly rages in Stamboul (Constantinople) to this day. Afterwards, the youth proclaimed himself Tsar, and as he was begotten by a bone he was called Kostantin, or Constantine (Serbian Kost=bone). Then he wrested the kingdom from the King of the Jews, and thus the words came true which had been spoken when he was still a bone.

The second tale is entitled: Sveti Andrija (St. Andrew), and runs as follows:

Once upon a time, in the days when God still walked upon earth, there lived a man called Andrija (Andrew) who had killed ninety and nine men. Then he repented and went to find the Lord to seek forgiveness. And on his way he met a Saint. The Saint asked him whither he was going. Andrija replied that he was seeking the Lord to beg forgiveness of his sins. Then the Saint said: “Tell me in what you have sinned and I will tell you what to do to gain forgiveness. I know all about it as well as the Lord himself.” So Andrija told him that he had killed ninety and nine men. Then the Saint bade him go home and for a whole year carry wood to the top of a hill and build it into a pile. When the year was past, he was to stand in the middle of the pile and set fire to it from without, and what remained of his body after the burning would be purified from sin, and his sin would be carried hence with the part of his body that was consumed. This Andrija did, and all the wood was consumed, and himself with it as well. Then it chanced that the Lord passed by with St. Sava, and the Lord said: “Let us go and see what has remained.” But they found nothing but only the heart, as it had been taken clean out of a man. Then the Lord said to St. Sava: “Take the heart and we will roast it


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/The Family-Life of Fishes


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/A Paper of Candy


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/The Earliest Plants


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/Chinese Superstitions


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/The Present Status of Mineralogy


text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 29, 1918.djvu/74

 64 to-night for our supper.” So St. Sava took it; and when they came home, St. Sava put the heart on the fire to roast it. Now there was a girl in the house, and as the heart was roasting she fancied the smell of it, and kept on asking St. Sava: “Is it done yet?” And suddenly she deceived St. Sava, for she swiftly took up the heart and ate it. Then the Lord asked: “Is it done yet?” St. Sava did not dare to say that the girl had eaten it, but said: “It was burnt.” And the Lord replied: “It does not matter; I am not hungry.” So they went away. But when the girl became pregnant, the Lord, knowing when her child should be born, came that same evening to the house to sleep there. When the child was born, the Lord said: “Go, Sava, and christen it.” Sava asked: “What name shall I give it?” And the Lord replied: “You know. For his first name call him Andrija (Andrew).” So they went away, and the girl brought up the child and when he died he was made a saint; and ever since then Sveti Andrija (St. Andrew) has been worshipped.

The second book of folk-tales collected by R. Strohal contains a tale from Karlovac, entitled: “Of Milutin, the Count’s Son,” from which the following passage is quoted verbatim:

Once upon a time there lived a rich and powerful Count who had a beautiful wife, and they lived very happily together. They had only one grief, which was that they had no children. Thus they continued for many years until the Count received the command to go to war. He did not return for many years. Once, as his wife was going for a walk, she longed greatly for a child. And at that moment a snowfiake fell from the sky upon her breast, and by that flake she immediately conceived and in due course gave birth to her son Milutin.


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Brugg

BRUGG, a town in the Swiss canton of Aargau, on the right bank of the Aar, and near the mouth of the Reuss, 36 miles cast-southeast of Basel by rail. Among the industries are silk mills, machine shops, chemical works and a power-house. Near it is the site of Vindonissa, the chief Roman station in Helvetia; and it was also the cradle of the house of Hapsburg, whose ruined castle, founded in 1020, crowns a wooded height two miles distant. Nearer is the abbey of Königsfelden (1310; converted in 1872 into an asylum) in the vaults beneath which are interred many of the members of the Austrian royal family. Zimmerman, the philosopher, was born here in 1728. Pop. about 3,000.

title: The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Brugg


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/The Uniformity of Social Phenomena


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/The Chemistry of Underground Waters


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/The Cause of Character


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/Sketch of David Ames Wells


text: Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/12

title: Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/12


text:
Author:Arthur Marvin

Works

 * Sherlock Holmes Baffled

title: Author:Arthur Marvin


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Brugmann, Friedrich Karl

BRUGMANN, broog-mạn, Friedrich Karl, German philologist: b. Wiesbaden, 10 March 1849. He was educated at Halle and Leipzig; was instructor in the gymnasium at Wiesbaden and at Leipzig; and in 1872-77 was assistant at the Russian Institute of Classical Philology at the latter place. In 1877 he was lecturer at the University of Leipzig, and in 1882 became professor of comparative philology there; in 1884 he took the same position at the University of Freiburg, but returned to Leipzig in 1887 as successor to Curtius. He is one of the chief representatives of the new school of philologists and his researches have done much to revolutionize the study of philology. This school, known as that of the “Neo-grammarians,” followed Leskien, especially in urging the inviolability of laws of sound changes, and in emphasizing the working of analogy as an important linguistic factor, as well as in laying stress on the observation of phonetic laws and their operation in modern languages. As joint editor with Curtius of ‘The Studies in Greek and Latin Grammar,’ he wrote an article for this work on ‘Nasilis Sonans,’ in which he defended theories so radical that Curtius afterward disclaimed them. His conclusions are now generally accepted. His most important work, summarizing his conclusions, is ‘Outline of the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-Germanic Languages’ (translated into English); he also wrote ‘Morphological Researches in the Indo-Germanic Languages’ (with Osthoff); ‘A Problem of Homeric Textual Criticism’ (1870); ‘Lithuanian Folk Songs and Tales’ (1882); ‘The Present Position of Philology’; ‘Greek Grammar’; and ‘Short Comparative Grammar’ (1902). Brugmann was knighted by the King of Saxony, and in 1896 he was invited, with other distinguished scholars, to attend the jubilee of Princeton University, where he received the degree of doctor of laws.


text: Index:Sherlock Holmes Baffled.ogv

title: Index:Sherlock Holmes Baffled.ogv


text: Page:Sherlock Holmes Baffled.ogv/1

title: Page:Sherlock Holmes Baffled.ogv/1


text:
Page:Best Russian Short Stories.djvu/273

Rh a swagger, fingering the tassels of his belt, and merrily screwing up his big, impudent black eyes with yellow whites.

"Gentlemen," said the gentleman in the sandy suit persuasively, "I must ask if one of you would be kind enough to submit himself to a little experiment. I assure you this will be an exhibition only, just a game."

He looked round over the seated company.

The short plump Karaite, black as a beetle, came forward from his table.

"At your service," he said amusedly.

"Yasha!" The orator signed with his head.

Yasha came close to the solicitor. On his left arm, which was bent, hung a bright-coloured, figured scarf.

"Suppose yer in church or at the bar in one of the halls,—or watchin' a circus," he began in a sugary, fluent voice. "I see straight off—there's a toff. . . . Excuse me, sir. Suppose you're the toff. There's no offence—just means a rich gent, decent enough, but don't know his way about. First—what's he likely to have about 'im? All sorts. Mostly, a ticker and a chain. Whereabouts does he keep 'em? Somewhere in his top vest pocket—here. Others have 'em in the bottom pocket. Just here. Purse—most always in the trousers, except when a greeny keeps it in his jacket. Cigar-case. Have a look first what it is—gold, silver—with a monogram. Leather—what decent man'd soil his hands? Cigar-case. Seven pockets: here, here, here, up there, there, here and here again. That's right, ain't it? That's how you go to work."

As he spoke the young man smiled. His eyes shone straight into the barrister's. With a quick, dexterous movement of his right hand he pointed to various portions of his clothes.

"Then again you might see a pin here in the tie. However we do not appropriate. Such gents nowadays—they hardly ever wear a real stone. Then I comes up to him. I begin straight off to talk to him like a gent: 'Sir, would you be so kind as to give me a light from your cigarette'—or something of the sort. At any rate, I enter into conversation. What's next? I look him straight in the peepers, just like this. Only two of me fingers are at it—just this and this."


text: Author:Friedrich Salomon Krauss

title: Author:Friedrich Salomon Krauss


text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 29, 1918.djvu/75

Rh Besides these tales, Kraus quotes several Serbian popular beliefs of a similar nature. If a woman sleeps naked in the moonlight in a garden, forest or field, she will become pregnant. Children conceived in this manner possess the gift of second sight. Sometimes it is said that their father is a vampire.

According to one tradition, a young girl can become pregnant by passing at noontide through a field of corn in the ear with the sun upon it.

This belief in parthenogenesis has given rise to various abuses, and of this we find frequent traces in Serbian popular traditions.

T. R. Georgevtch.


text:
Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/13

viii

title: Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/13


text:
Portal:Star Film Company

Works

 * Le Voyage dans la Lune
 * The Kiss of Mary Jane
 * When the Tables Turned
 * The Immortal Alamo
 * Mary's Strategem
 * In the Hot Lands
 * Salt on the Bird's Tail
 * The Yacht Race

title: Portal:Star Film Company


text:
Portal:Famous Studios

Works

 * Bride and Gloom

title: Portal:Famous Studios


text:
Portal:Universal Newsreel

Works

 * War veterans mark Armistice Day with impressive parade, 1933
 * Harbor Blaze, 1959

title: Portal:Universal Newsreel


text:
Page:A Compendium of Irish Biography.djvu/80

BUT birth, his parents returned to Ireland; whither he was brought by his nurse when but three years of age. To the last year of his life he remembered being carried through Bristol on this occasion to take shipping for Ireland. He was often brought to visit the 10th Earl, at Carrick, and ever after distinctly recollected his caresses, and the several circumstances of his long beard, his being blind, and his wearing a George about his neck. Upon the shipwreck and death of his father in 1619, the lad was by courtesy styled Viscount Thurles. The year following that disaster, his mother brought him back to England, and placed him, then nine years of age, at school with a Catholic gentleman at Finchley—this doubtless through the influence of his grandfather, the 11th Earl. It was not long before James I., anxious that the heir of the Butlers should be brought 'up a Protestant, placed him at Lambeth, under the care of the Archbishop of Canterbury. The Ormond estates being under sequestration (as noted in the life of the 11th Earl) the young Lord had but £40 a year for his own and his servant's clothing and expenses. He appears to have been entirely neglected by the Archbishop —"he was not instructed even in humanity, nor so much as taught to understand Latin." When fifteen he went to live with his grandfather (then released from prison) at Drury-lane "who through length of his confinement and his advanced age, was grown very infirm, and never troubled him in matters of religion." Having now more means at command, he entered into all the gaieties of the court and town. At eighteen he went to Portsmouth with his friend the Duke of Buckingham intending to join the expedition for the relief of Rochelle; a project abandoned upon the assassination of the Duke. It was during his London residence that he set himself to learn Irish, a partial knowledge of which language proved most useful to him in after years. About six months after his visit to Portsmouth, he first saw at Court, and fell in love with, his cousin, Elizabeth Preston, only child and heiress of Sir Richard Preston. [See .] The affection between the young people was reciprocal. She was then an orphan, scarcely fourteen. Her father, like his, had been drowned near the Skerries on a passage to England. As the King's ward, she was under the care of Henry, Earl of Holland. The Duke of Buckingham had intended her for a nephew. It was only by a bribe of £15,000 to Lord Holland that Lord Thurles was able to smooth away the many difficulties opposed to his suit. In September 1629, King Charles issued letters patent consenting to the match, on the ground that it would put a "final end to all controversies between Walter, Earl of Ormond, and Elizabeth, daughter of Richard, Earl of Desmond." By the marriage, which took place in London, at Christmas 1629, the lands his ancestor had been obliged to divide with Sir Robert Preston came back to him. He was then but nineteen; his wife (born 25th July 1615) but fourteen. The following year, passed at Acton with her, he devoted to study, making up somewhat for the deficiencies of his education. At the end of 1630 he went over with his lady to Ireland, and resided at Carrick with Earl Walter and his Countess, who had returned some years before. Next year he purchased a troop of horse in England. After Strafford's arrival in Ireland, there was an open breach between them, consequent on Ormond's refusal to comply with Strafford's order that the Lords should attend Parliament without their swords. It was not long, however, before the young lord's abilities were recognised by that astute statesman; and at twenty-four, now for some years entered on the enjoyment of his title and estates, he was made a Privy-Councillor. He endorsed Strafford's Irish policy, and assisted him materially in the House of Lords. In 1638 he was given a regiment of horse, and shortly afterwards made Commander-in-Chief of the Irish army, collected ostensibly for the pacification of Scotland. The difficulties in the way of clothing, arming, and victualling troops in Ireland were then almost insuperable: we are told there was not cloth in the whole kingdom even for the clothing of 1,500 men. Ormond, however, by unceasing activity and the exercise of tact and forbearance, man aged to have, by the middle of August 1640, a well disciplined army of some 8,000 men, including 1,000 Protestant officers and subalterns, at Carrickfergus. Had Strafford's advice been taken, Ormond would at the end of the game year, have been made Lord-Deputy, in place of Lord Wandesford, deceased. One of the last requests Strafford made before execution was that his Garter should be conferred upon Ormond. The jealousy of the English Parliament regarding the Irish army in the command of the Earl was so great, that he was obliged in the early part of 1641 to disband it unpaid, except an allowance of ten shillings to each man for the expenses of returning home. This dispersion of 8,000 discontented, unpaid men, materially contributed to the outbreak of the war a few months later. Charles I. was 56


text:
Author:Ed Herlihy

Works

 * Harbor Blaze

title: Author:Ed Herlihy


text:
Page:A Compendium of Irish Biography.djvu/81

BUT anxious, and indeed signed warrants, for a large number of these troops entering the service of the King of Spain—a proceeding the Parliament put a stop to, notwithstanding the expostulations of the Spanish ambassador, who had, upon faith of the King's order, the vessels ready for their transportation. Some 500 men were actually shipped in Dublin Bay when the war broke out in 1641, and they were forced to land and disband. Carte, in his Life of Ormond, states very fully his views as to the causes of the War of 1641. He thus sums them up: "The Irish septs … abounded with men proud of their ancient race, who thought every employment but that of the sword below them, liked no way of living but that of rapine, and hated the English mortally for abolishing their old barbarous customs, and turning them out of their ancestors' possessions. They did not doubt of being joined and instructed in the use and exercise of arms by the disbanded men of the late army, … and they flattered themselves with the hopes of supplies from abroad, … and officers, … when so favourable an opportunity offered for regaining the estates and power of their ancestors, and for restoring the liberty and old religion of their country." Carte devotes several pages of the latter part of the first volume of his Life of Ormond to a consideration of the atrocities committed by the Irish at the commencement of the war, and appears to show conclusively that the current reports concerning them have been egregiously exaggerated. The Earl of Ormond was at his house at Carrick-on-Suir when the war broke out in October. He was at once appointed General of the King's forces in Ireland, and set about overcoming the difficulties in which he was placed by the waste, unpreparedness, and maladministration which prevailed in the English as well as the Irish interests in the country. His desire to march immediately against the Irish forces was over-ruled by the Lords-Justices—indeed, although nominally Commanderin-chief, he could do nothing without their leave. His first decided action appears to have been on 31st January 1642, when, with a force of 2,000 foot, 300 horse, and five small field-pieces, he marched west out of Dublin—burnt Lyons and Newcastle, and gave up Naas to pillage. The Irish forces occupying the locality had retired on his approach. He brought back with him to Dublin, on safe conduct. Father Higgins, a Franciscan, a "very quiet, inoffensive, religious man … He had distinguished himself in saving the English in those parts from slaughter and plunder, and had relieved several of them that had been stripped and robbed." About six weeks afterwards, during Ormond's temporary absence from Dublin, this gentleman was executed by Sir Charles Coote and the Lords-Justices, without trial or reason given, but their animosity towards all of the opposite party. In February, 1,500 foot and 400 horse arrived at Dublin from England, under the command of Sir Richard Grenville, and the first operations of the spring were against a force of some 3,000 under Hugh Byrne, posted at Kilsallaghan, seven miles from Dublin. In March he proceeded northward to the relief of Sir H. Tichborne at Drogheda. From information received from that able commander, he was anxious to attempt the reduction of Newry; but to this the Lords-Justices would not consent, and he returned to Dublin, having accomplished but the reinforcement of the garrison of Drogheda—a reinforcement that eventually enabled Sir H. Tichborne to raise the siege. For these services he was thanked by the English Parliament, a jewel worth £600 was forwarded to him, and the King was asked to make him a Knight of the Garter. Early in April he marched south with a force of 3,500 men. Passing through Kilcullen, Athy, Stradbally, and Maryborough, he relieved several castles, and put to rout parties of the enemy. Returning to Athy, he received information of the presence of an army of some 8,000, under command of Lord Mountgarret. The battle of Kilrush, near Maganey, ensued on 1 3th April, ending in the complete rout of Mountgarret, with a loss of some 700 men, whilst Ormond's killed and wounded numbered but 60. In June, Ormond made an expedition into Connaught, and relieved the small force of Royalists stationed in Athlone. Next September he was bound still more than before to the cause of Charles by being advanced to a Marquisate, and appointed Lieutenant-General of the Irish army—nominally to hold the command direct from the King, clear of all interferences by the Lords-Justices or others. In October 1642, delegates from different parts of Ireland met at Kilkenny, and constituted themselves into a regular government—the Confederation of Kilkenny; passed laws and coined money. They divided their military command; Owen Roe O'Neill being appointed to Ulster, Colonel Preston to Leinster, Colonel Garret Barry to Munster, Colonel John Bourke to Connaught. Supplies of arms, munitions, and money, reached them from the Pope and other European potentates inimical to the English power. Although early in 1643 negotiations were 57


text:
Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/14

Rh

title: Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/14


text: Folk-Lore/Volume 29/Medio-pollito

title: Folk-Lore/Volume 29/Medio-pollito


text:
Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/15

x

title: Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/15


text: Folk-Lore/Volume 29/Breton Folklore

title: Folk-Lore/Volume 29/Breton Folklore


text: Folk-Lore/Volume 29/The Town of Barbarie


text:
Template:Film/doc

Description
This template is used to stream film in the center of the mainspace notes field and place a key in the top left corner. It also adds page to Category:Film.

title: Template:Film/doc


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Brugsch, Heinrich Karl

BRUGSCH, Heinrich Karl, German Egyptologist: b. Berlin, 18 Feb. 1827; d. Charlottenburg, 9 Sept. 1894. A work entitled ‘Scriptura Ægyptiorum Demotica,’ published in 1848, gained him the favor of Alexander von Humboldt and Frederick William IV, the latter of whom enabled him to complete his studies by visiting the museums of Paris, London, Turin and Leyden. In 1853 he made his first visit to Egypt and assisted Mariette in his researches, being appointed on his return in the following year assistant in the Berlin Egyptian Museum. He accompanied the Prussian embassy to Persia in 1860, and four years later became consul at Cairo. Returning in 1868, he was appointed to the chair of Egyptology at Göttingen, but soon resigned in order to take charge of the Cairo school of Egyptology. He was soon raised to the rank of bey, and some time afterward to that of pasha. In 1876 he came to the United States as Egyptian commissioner to the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. In 1883 he traveled in Egypt, Syria, Greece and Italy, with Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia, and in 1885-86 he twice visited Persia, partly on official business. He was again in Egypt in 1891, and in the following year he made a journey to the Libyan Desert. Brugsch's chief work is the ‘ Hieroglyphisch-demotisches Wörterbuch’ (1867-82). His other writings include ‘Reiseberichte aus Ägypten’ (1855); ‘Grammaire Demotique’ (1855); ‘Monuments de l'Egypte’ (1857); ‘Geographische Inschriften altägyptischer Denkmäler’ (1857-60); ‘Histoire d'Egypte’ (1859); ‘Recueil des Monuments Egyptiens’ (1862-85); ‘Reise der königlich Preussischer Gesandtschaft nach Persien’ (1862-63);

Grammatik’ (1872); ‘Geschichte Ägyptens unter den Pharaonen’ (1877); ‘Dictionaire Géographique de l'ancienne Egypte’ (1877-80); ‘Religion und Mythologie der alten Ägypter, nach den Denkmälern’ (1888); ‘Thesaurus Inscriptionum Ægyptiacarum’ (1883-91); ‘Die Ägyptologie’ (1890); ‘Aus dem Morgenlande, Altes und Neues’ (1893), etc. His ‘History of Egypt from the Monuments’ has appeared in English. In 1894 his autobiography appeared under the title ‘Mein Leben und Wandern.’


text:
Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/16

Rh

title: Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/16


text:
Author:John Francis Harpin Broadbent

Works

 * (Heart Disease)

title: Author:John Francis Harpin Broadbent


text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 7, 1896.djvu/164

142 The third and last stage of the Greek is that which remains to us in Boissonade's Anecdoton. In it new matter, like the attack on the iconoclasts, was added; and the Apology of Aristides lost in it some of the authentic touches which the Armenian representative of the earlier stage still echoed. The Christian Arabic is a version of this fully developed Greek form. So according to Zotenberg and Kuhn is the Ethiopic; though I do not myself feel sure that the Ethiopic will not be found to represent an earlier stage of the Greek. It is possible also that some of the Latin texts may preserve the older Greek forms. With a view to recovering the Aristides Apology in an authentic form, the Ethiopic and Latin texts of the story should be examined; and search made for the lost Syriac form so imperfectly represented by the Armenian. It is even certain that the Armenian text, as it survives to us in Arakhel's poem and in the Menologia, has been mutilated. For in the so-called Geography of Vartan, a work of about 1300, the Indian city of Sinavathan is mentioned as the seat of the kings of India, where Abener and Jovasaph dwelt. But the existing Armenian text has lost this detail.

FOLKLORE FIRSTFRUITS FROM LESBOS.

(Read at Meeting of 17th December, 1895.)

The following notes were collected, partly from my own observation and questioning of muleteers and all sorts of odd people, partly from Mr. Stavros, schoolmaster of Kalloni, in Lesbos. I have to express my warm thanks to Mr. V. R. Paton for constant help while in the island. What I


text:
Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/17

xii

title: Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/17


text: Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/18

title: Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/18


text: Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/19

title: Page:Democracy and Education.djvu/19


text:
Author:Fernán Caballero

Works

 * Bread Cast Upon the Waters translated by Mary Jane Serrano
 * from La Gaviota translated by H. T. Francis

title: Author:Fernán Caballero


text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 7, 1896.djvu/165

Rh have to give is but a little out of much, verily firstfruits; enough to show that anyone who could stay long in the place, and really get to know the natives, would get a bookful of harvestings without difficulty. A few further items but not many, are given in a little book of Lesbian tales, by Georgeakis (Paris, Maisonneuve). On the evening of our arrival at Eresos, it so happened that our host was bitten by a large wasp. Far be it from me to wish ill to any man, except the enemies of England; but if it was fated that our host should be bitten by a wasp, I am glad that this befel on that very day. For no sooner had he sat down to drink his evening mastich, than up came an old man, the gardener, and proceeded to cure it. After a little coaxing he was persuaded to tell his charm, and here it is. (1.) Charm to cure wasp-sting.—πίθι—έλε—ήλε—άγρα, spit four times on the place ; do this thrice, and wind up with πίθι. (πίθι, "drink," is the old imperative, not now used in common speech. What the other words mean is not clear; perhaps άγρα means "catch.") Two more charms the old man told. (2.) Charm for a horse that has sivallowed leeches.—(This takes effect at a distance.) Take a reed and say:

Blow three times through the reed towards the sun.


text:
Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/119

Rh ransom. The mention of a Jew as traitor is also peculiar and unreasonable, since no motive for his action appears until later, and then incongruously. The variant is likewise defective in not having any bargain between the ghost and the hero. In other respects it is normal save in minor details. As in V., the heroine is made an English princess, which occurs nowhere else. On the whole the version is picturesque, but defective.

Jean de Calais IX. is unique in certain features, though in most respects normal. It is from Asturia in Spain. Juan de Calais goes out into the world to seek his fortune with a single peseta as his store. This he gives to bury a corpse, and proceeds. In a certain kingdom he attracts the notice of a princess, who marries him after considerable opposition. When the wedding is over, he takes his wife to seek his father's blessing, but is cast off the ship by a former suitor of the lady, her cousin. He is carried to an island by invisible hands, where he lives until a phantom bargains to take him to court for half of what he gets by his marriage. He arrives on the day of the princess's wedding. He is recognized by the king, who puts to his guests a parable of an old key found just when a new one has been made, while the suitor flees. On the following night, when Juan is dejected at the thought of giving up half his son, the phantom appears and releases him from his agreement, explaining its identity.

Juan wins the gratitude of the dead man, and obtains his bride in this version on a single journey, as in I. and VI., but its chief peculiarity is the manner in which he gets his wife, with the sequel that the couple set out to seek his father instead of hers. The ransom is replaced by a romantic but more natural wooing, while the ghost appears somewhat unusually in propria persona. One of the oddest traits in the whole version is the parable of the key, by which the king introduces the

title: Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/119


text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 7, 1896.djvu/96

86 castle, and told they must forever remain outside its walls. Then Rāmā (he was married) called his wife Sita to come with him, and with his brother Lakshman returned to the jungle, where they made their abode. The two youths hunted all day long, leaving Sita hidden in their jungle home—not without warning her against a great giant, Ravan, who was always roving about the jungle in search of mischief. They made her promise not to talk to anybody when they, her protectors, were away, and never to move outside a certain mark. But one day Ravan disguised himself as a joghi, and coming to Sita begged of her some fruit. She told him of her promise to her husband, so that she could not step outside the mark to give him fruit. Then the joghi fetched a log and set it on the mark. "Now you can cross," said he. This Sita did, and was immediately seized and carried off by the giant. Greatly grieved were the two brothers upon their return to find Sita gone. They guessed this was the deed of Ravan, and followed in his track by means of shreds and scraps of Sita's clothes which had been caught by the leaves and brambles as she was carried away. Next a little kite whom Ravan had attempted to kill called out to them from above their heads and gave them directions how to find the giant. At last they came to Ravan's country. Here Sita was kept prisoner for eleven years. She was treated by the giant as a daughter, and not unkindly; but she wanted to get away to her husband. And all these years there was great fighting between Ravan and his giant friends and Rāmā and Lakshman. At last the god Hanuman came to help the brothers. He was so strong he could root up whole trees and throw them about, and he would then turn himself into a tiny squirrel, to the astonishment of the giants upon seeing this little animal the only visible author of such fury. Unfortunately the giants succeeded in catching Hanuman and the brothers, and the former they decided to put to death. They were setting about this when the god cried out, "Oh! that is not the way. You must collect a lot of cotton wool, soak it in oil, put it round us in a ring, and then set fire to it." This the giants did, but the cotton had scarcely begun to burn when Hanuman caught up the two brothers and Sita, and with one great bound leapt outside the circle of cotton and ring of gazing giants and took them back to Jesrat's kingdom.


text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 7, 1896.djvu/97

Rh The Jackal and the Crocodile.

A crocodile and a jackal were once upon a time very good friends. The jackal often came down to the river to drink, and when he met his friend they conversed together. One day the jackal noticed on the other side of the river some splendid melons, which he at once greatly coveted. Dissembling his desires he said to the crocodile, "I wish I could get to the other bank of the river for a little change of air. I feel sure it would do me good, but how could I get there?" "Easily enough," replied the crocodile. "I will take you." So the jackal mounted astride his friend, and the crocodile swam across with him and brought him back again in the evening. The same thing took place next day, and the day after, and every day until the melons were all finished. And the jackal never brought any melons to his friend, nor told him anything about them, pretending all the time he took these excursions for the sake of his health. But it occurred to him one day he must offer to do the crocodile some service as a kind of return for all the latter had done for him. "Are you married?" he asked. "No," replied the crocodile. "I have never come across anybody to marry." "Oh, I'll manage a marriage for you," cried the jackal. "Rely upon me to find you a bride." But he never attempted to look for one, while the poor crocodile's expectations were raised, and he impatiently awaited his wedding day. But nothing happened, so at last the crocodile reproached his friend for not keeping his word, if only in return for so often being carried backwards and forwards across the river for fresh air. Upon this the jackal, afraid of being still further pressed, thought of a plan, and taking a dhobie's stone, the large one upon which the clothes are beaten, together with the dhobie's stick for beating upon them, and a woman's skirt and sari which the dhobie had spread on the river banks to dry, he made up a figure of a woman. Then he went to the crocodile, told him that was his bride, and galloped away. The crocodile much pleased went up to the figure and addressed it—to receive no reply. He spoke again, with the same result. At last he grew angry and pulled at the skirt, when all came to pieces and he found he had been deceived. Furious at being thus taken in, he


text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 7, 1896.djvu/98

88 vowed vengeance on the jackal and determined to kill him. For some time the latter was shy of showing himself; but the crocodile knew he must come down to drink, and every evening he lay in wait for him, hiding amidst the roots of a tree on the river's edge. One night the jackal waded in close to where the crocodile was lurking. The latter immediately seized hold of his enemy's leg. "That is not my leg you think you've got hold of," cried the jackal, "but a piece of wood." Straightway the crocodile let go his hold and snapped at a piece of root near, and the jackal laughing heartily at the success of his ruse made off safe back into the jungle.

The Bottle-bird and the Monkey.

The bottle-bird at the beginning of the rains taunted a monkey, crying out, "Why didn't you build yourself a house before the rainy season? Your hands are like a man's and your feet are like hands too. The rains will last four months, and you will be wet and uncomfortable all this time. It is stupid of you not to have built a house." The monkey upon this got angry, and climbing up to where the bottle-bird's nest was hanging, like a lady's pocket, from a branch, he pulled it down, and with his hands and feet tore it to pieces.

The Sparrow and the Crow.

The sparrow once came to the crow, who was building her nest of salt, and said, "Give me a little salt. I have none wherewith to savour my curry and rice." But the crow refused her any. Now when the rains came on the salt of the crow's nest melted and her nest was all wet. So she went to the sparrow and said, "Let me have a place in your dry nest." But the sparrow replied, "When I wanted some salt you had none to give me, and now you want a dry spot I have none to give you."


text:
Author:Hans Julius Eggeling

Translations

 * The Satapatha-Brâhmana according to the text of the Mâdhyandina School (5 volumes in Sacred Books of the East):
 * Part I: Books I, II
 * Part II: Books III, IV
 * Part III: Books V, VI, VII
 * Part IV: Books VIII, IX, X
 * Part V: Books XI, XII, XIII, XIV

title: Author:Hans Julius Eggeling


text:
Page:Two Treatises of Government.djvu/40

 whole world: whereby mut be meant, that either this grant of God gave Adam property, or as our author calls it, private dominion over the earth, and all inferior or irrational creatures, and o conequently that he was thereby monarch; or 2dly, that it gave him rule and dominion over all earthly creatures whatoever, and thereby over his children ; and o he was monarch : for, as Mr. Selden has properly worded it, Adam was made general lord of all things, one may very clearly undertand him, that he means nothing to be granted to Adam here but property, and therefore he ays not one word of Adam's monarchy. But our author ays, Adam was hereby monarch of the world, which, properly peaking, ignifies overeign ruler of all the men in the world ; and o Adam, by this grant, mut be contituted uch a ruler. If our author means otherwie, he might with much clearnes have aid, that Adam was hereby proprietor of the whole world. But he begs your pardon in that point : clear ditinct: peaking not erving every where to his purpoe, you mut not expect it in him, as in Mr. Selden, or other uch writers.

§. 24. In oppoition therefore to our author's doctrine, that Adam was monarch of the whole world, founded on this place, I hall hew,

I. That by this grant, i. Gen. 28. God gave no immediate power to Adam over men, over


text:
Page:Best Russian Short Stories.djvu/274

254 Yasha lifted two fingers of his right hand on a level with the solicitor's face, the forefinger and the middle finger and moved them about.

"D' you see? With these two fingers I run over the whole pianner. Nothin' wonderful in it: one, two, three—ready. Any man who wasn't stupid could learn easily. That's all it is. Most ordinary business. I thank you."

The pickpocket swung on his heel as if to return to his seat.

"Yasha!" The gentleman in the sandy suit said with meaning weight. "Yasha!" he repeated sternly.

Yasha stopped. His back was turned to the barrister, but he evidently gave his representative an imploring look, because the latter frowned and shook his head.

"Yasha!" he said for the third time, in a threatening tone.

"Huh!" The young thief grunted in vexation and turned to face the solicitor. "Where's your little watch, sir?" he said in a piping voice.

"Oh!" the Karaite brought himself up sharp.

"You see—now you say 'Oh!'" Yasha continued reproachfully. "All the while you were admiring me right hand, I was operatin' yer watch with my left. Just with these two little fingers, under the scarf. That's why we carry a scarf. Since your chain's not worth anything—a present from some mamselle and the watch is a gold one, I've left you the chain as a keepsake. Take it," he added with a sigh, holding out the watch.

"But . . . That is clever," the barrister said in confusion. "I didn't notice it at all."

"That's our business," Yasha said with pride.

He swaggered back to his comrades. Meantime the orator took a drink from his glass and continued.

"Now, gentlemen, our next collaborator will give you an exhibition of some ordinary card tricks, which are worked at fairs, on steamboats and railways. With three cards, for instance, an ace, a queen, and a six, he can quite easily. . . . But perhaps you are tired of these demonstrations, gentlemen." . ..

"Not at all. It's extremely interesting," the chairman


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Brühl, Heinrich, Count von

BRÜHL, brėl, Heinrich , Saxon politician: b. Weissenfels, Prussia, 13 Aug. 1700; d. Dresden, 28 Oct. 1763. As a page he gained the favor of Frederick Augustus I of Poland, and on the death of the King in 1733, the crown of Poland with the other regalia being, through the good fortune of Brühl, entrusted to him, he carried them immediately to the new Elector, Augustus III, and showed the greatest activity in promoting his election. He had cunning and skill sufficient to govern his master and get rid of his rivals and succeeded in keeping everybody at a distance from the King. No servant entered his service without the consent of Brühl, and even when he went to the chapel all approach to him was prevented. Brühl kept 200 domestics; his guards were better paid than those of the King himself, and his table more sumptuous. Frederick II says of him, “Brühl had more garments, watches, laces, boots, shoes and slippers, than any man of the age. Cæsar would have counted him among those curled and perfumed heads which he did not fear”; but Augustus III was no Cæsar. When this idle prince loitered about smoking, and asked, without looking at his favorite, “Brühl, have I any money?” “Yes, sire,” was the continual answer; and to satisfy the King's demands he exhausted the state, plunged the country into debts and greatly reduced the army. At the beginning of the Seven Year's War it comprised but 17,000 men, and these were compelled to surrender at Pirna from want of the necessary supplies. Brühl fled with the King, the pictures and the china, to Poland; but the archives of the state were left to the victor. He was no less avaricious of titles and money than of power. An examination after his death showed that he owed his immense fortune to the prodigality of the King rather than to unlawful means of accumulation. His own profusion was often beneficial to the arts and sciences.


text:
Page:The Aborigines of Australia (1988).djvu/182

Rh population at half a million will not be to overrate its numerical amount.

It is not necessary to consider whether the aboriginal population of the entire country has decreased or increased since the landing of the first colonists, or to what extent such increase or decrease may have taken place. No good purpose could be served by such speculations. It is sufficient if, by fixing with any degree of accuracy the numbers of the aboriginal race, we have indicated for the benefit of such statesmen, legislators, philanthropists, missionaries, and others as may, either from a sense of duty or from feelings of humanity and religious obligation, be disposed to turn their attention to the reclamation of that race, the extent of the field on which they purpose to expend all or a portion of their labours.


text:
Author:James Davies

Works

 * (Tr.) Alcestis by Euripides (1849)
 * (Tr.) The Idylls of Theocritus. Bion, and Moschus (1853)
 * Nugae: The Solace of Rare Leisure (1854)
 * (Tr.) The Works of Hesiod, Callimachus, and Theognis (1856)
 * (Tr.) The Fables of Babrius from the text of Lewis (1860)
 * contributed volumes in Collins's Ancient Classics for English Readers

Ancient Classics for English Readers

 * Hesiod, and Theognis (1873)
 * Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius (1876)

Contributions to EB1911

 * (in part)

title: Author:James Davies


text: Folk-Lore/Volume 29/Parthenogenesis

title: Folk-Lore/Volume 29/Parthenogenesis


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Bruhns, Karl Christian

BRUHNS, bröns, Karl Christian, German astronomer: b. Plön, Holstein, 22 Nov. 1830; d. Leipzig, 25 July 1881. He was the son of a locksmith; going in 1851 as locksmith and mechanic to Borsig, and then to Berlin with Siemens and Halske, he attracted the attention of Encke by his remarkable powers as a computer, and was appointed in 1852 as assistant, and in 1854 as observer, in the Berlin Observatory, and in 1859 as instructor in the university. In 1860 he was called to Leipzig as professor of astronomy and director of the new observatory to be constructed there, which, under his skilful direction, grew into one of the finest structures of its kind in Europe. He is known as the discoverer of five comets, an able computer of cometary and planetary orbits, and for his

important work in geodesy in connection with the European triangulation.


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/Correspondence


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/Editor's Table


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/Literary Notices


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/Popular Miscellany


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/April 1888/Notes


text:
Page:The Aborigines of Australia (1988).djvu/24

CAUSES WHICH LED TO THEIR DISPERSION—CAUSES OF THEIR DEGENERACY—SUPERIORITY OF NORTHERN ABORIGINES—NUMERICAL FORCE OF TRIBES—SYSTEM OF CHIEFSHIP—CUSTOMS. TAKING it for granted, which we may readily do, from the most superficial acquaintance with the aborigines, as well as from the testimony of those who have had the most ample opportunity of discovering and delineating their characteristics, that the evidences of a very high order of humanity very often and very strikingly become manifest in their composition and character, the question suggests itself how they have, generally speaking, fallen so low as they are now found. Holding by the theory of their Malayan origin, this degeneracy appears the more striking when we consider that in their voyage to the shores of their future home they encountered none of those hardships and excessive privations which their more adventurous brethren endured in their long and perilous voyages westwards—privations and hardships which, according to some speculations, first gave rise to the practice of cannibalism. That they could have encountered none of these dispiriting and inhumanizing hardships, almost inseparable from a protracted


text: Index:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/Index

title: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 32/Index


text:
Page:The Aborigines of Australia (1988).djvu/25

10 sea voyage when the only appliances are those which comparative barbarism supplies, the relative geographical positions of the country from which they emerged, and that which was the object of their search, will at once render demonstrable. Such a voyage in such seas must, to a people whose highest objects were a mere sustenance and the excitement of adventure, have been one more of pleasure than of difficulty. Island after island, rising in rapid succession before the eyes of the explorers, must have afforded, during the succession of days and weeks occupied in the voyage, all the charm and variety of a natural panorama, until in due time the coasts and ranges of New Holland finally presented themselves to the eyes of the voyagers—the destined land of their future homes and fortunes. The next position in which we find the future inhabitant of Australia is the land of promise gained, roaming delighted among the thick forests and the delightful valleys, of which he is thereafter to be lord and master. And now comes, perhaps, the most critical period in his history. If the newly-arrived adventurers were the offshoot of some of the civilized branches of the human family on the opposite shores, would they not first of all set about forming society in the newly-discovered territory, in conformity with the usages and customs of the land they had left? Would they not establish some system of government similar to that under which they had formerly lived? Would they not initiate some form of worship similar to that which they had been accus-


text: Page:Life and Works of Abraham Lincoln, v4.djvu/14


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/1


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/2


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/3


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/4


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/5


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/6


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/7


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/8


text:
Page:The Aborigines of Australia (1988).djvu/26

Rh tomed to practice, and in conformity with their ideas of religion? Indubitably all these things the new settlers would be likely to do, and, most probably, all these proceedings were in due order gone through; but days and weeks passed over and a great change was wrought in the spirit of the adventurer. The land was still fair, the climate genial, and the spirit of enterprise still strong and buoyant; but the stern realities of life began to press very severely. What provisions remained of their sea stock, if any, were soon consumed. The hunting grounds in the immediate vicinity of the rude settlement were quickly cleared of their numerous stock to supply immediate wants, and hunger appeared in perspective. What, then, was to be done? Were they to retrace their steps, and to return to the country whence they came? Two serious obstacles presented themselves to this movement. The necessary sea provisions for even a very short voyage were wanting, and their frail barks, shattered by the effects of the former voyage and the action of a burning sun on their timbers, were altogether unfit a second time to encounter the surges the ocean. Thus precluded from the possibility of return, these primitive colonists, resigning themselves to a lot which they could not avert became permanent denizens of the Australian forests. Nor was this the worst of their fate. The same misfortune which confined them within the shores of the new coasts pursued them still further, and made them a roaming people—perpetual wanderers over its interminable


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/9


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/10


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/11


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/12


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/13


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/14


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/15


text:
Page:The Aborigines of Australia (1988).djvu/27

12 wilds. No nutritious and abundant root, such as the potato or the yam, springing spontaneously in the soil or requiring but little labour in its production, presented a never-failing means of sustenance, and an inducement to form settled communities; no cocoanut or bread-fruit tree, or maize plant, bending beneath the weight of their respective products, charmed the vision or solaced the loneliness of the wanderer. No mighty river or broad lake, with smooth, clear surface, teeming with finny life, and surrounded by all the necessaries and charms of existence, invited the wanderers to establish themselves permanently on its fertile banks. All was bleak barrenness and disheartening scarcity. One only means of human sustenance did the vast territory present—the animal tribes which bounded over its plains, or scampered up and down the trunks and branches of the towering trees; and to procure this mcans of supporting life in himself and household, the New Hollander was condemned to a life of perpetual roaming—a life of perpetual savageness—ever impelled by the silent but imperative watchword, onward! Hence that dispersion; hence those outward symptoms of the most complete barbarism; hence, in fine, that degeneracy and that debasement of the human character which a certain class of reasoners are ever ready to seize upon with the utmost avidity, for the purpose of endeavouring to belie the nost simple principles of philosophy, as well as the first teachings of revelation.

But while admitting the worst that can be advanced


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/16


text: Page:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910).ogv/17


text: Author:Edward Leader Williams

title: Author:Edward Leader Williams


text:
Author:Otis Turner

Works

 * The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)

title: Author:Otis Turner


text:
Portal:Selig Polyscope Company

Works

 * The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910 film)

title: Portal:Selig Polyscope Company


text:
Author:Theodor Nöldeke

Works

 * Compendious Syriac Grammar (1880; 2nd edition 1898), translated by James Alexander Crichton (1904)

Encyclopædia Britannica articles

 * (in part)
 * (in part)
 * (in part)
 * (in part)

title: Author:Theodor Nöldeke


text:
Page:The Aborigines of Australia (1988).djvu/28

Rh against him, it is but right to mention that the aboriginal of Australia is to be viewed in some instances in a state in which the evidences of extreme degeneracy are in a great degree, if not altogether, wanting. Speaking of some natives with whom he came into contact in the neighbourhood of Port Essington, Captain Stokes, in the narrative of his "Discoveries in Australia," says:—

"I could not help comparing the bold, fearless manner in which they came towards us—their fine manly bearing, head erect, no crouching or averting of eye—with the miserable objects I had seen at Sydney. I now beheld man in his wild state, and, reader, rest assured there is nothing can equal such a sight."

Here is a most striking exception to that general falling-off so manifest in the Australian tribes—an exception the more worthy of note, and more fully illustrating our idea, as it is presented in the immediate neighbourhood of what we have reason to believe was the first landing-place of the founders of the entire race.

The next position in which it will be necessary to review the New Hollander, in order to see him thoroughly, is in his political and social relations—if such terms may be used without exciting a smile—as imposed by his new state. In issuing forth into the wilderness, in quest of sustenance and adventure, the impossibility of proceeding for any length of time in large bodies must very soon have forced itself upon the attention of the pilgrims. The few roots and herbs which they found fit for food were only to be


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Curtius, Ernst


text:
Page:Life and Works of Abraham Lincoln, v4.djvu/13

 present volume begins with Lincoln's speeches in the Frémont campaign and ends with his opening address in the Fourth Joint Debate with Senator Douglas, at Charleston, Ill. Between these debates Mr. Lincoln delivered several speeches, fragments of which were jotted down by Mr. Horace White, now of the Evening Post of New York, and then reporter of the Lincoln-Douglas debates for the Chicago Tribune. These are printed here in their chronological sequence, as is also the correspondence of the principals preliminary to the Debate.

With the exception of two legal arguments, all the speeches in the volume relate to the extension of slavery, the burning political issue of the time, which had been kindled by Senator Douglas's Nebraska Act, repealing the guaranty in the Missouri Compromise of free soil to the new territories north of the southern boundary of Missouri, and which had been fanned by the Dred Scott Decision into a flame endangering the freedom even of the States already established with a constitutional prohibition of slavery.


text: Life and Works of Abraham Lincoln/Volume 4/Preface


text:
Translation:Mishnah/Seder Nezikin/Tractate Bava Kamma/Chapter 9/5

Introduction
Mishnah 9:5 begins a series of Mishnayot interpreting Leviticus 5:21–26 and Numbers 5:6–8.

Hebrew Text
הגוזל את חברו שוה פרוטה ונשבע לו, יוליכנו אחריו אפלו למדי.

לא יתן לא לבנו ולא לשלוחו, אבל נותן לשליח בית דין.

ואם מת, יחזיר ליורשיו.

English Translation
 If one stole from another something worth a perutah And [nonetheless] swore [that he did not do so], He must take it to him [even if he needs to go as far as] to Media.

He may give it neither to his son Nor to his agent, But he may give it to an agent of the court.

If [the victim] died, [The thief] must restore it to his heirs.

Explanation
In the Babylonian Talmud, the discussion of Mishnah Bava Kamma 9:5 begins on Babylonian Talmud Bava Kamma 103a.

משנה בבא קמא ט ה


text:
John Stuart Mill

 * John Stuart Mill
 * (unattributed)
 * Bain, Alexander (1879–80), John Stuart Mill. Published in 6 parts; see:

 * Mill, John Stuart
 * (unattributed)
 * (unattributed)
 * (unattributed)
 * (unattributed)

title: John Stuart Mill


text:
Page:The Aborigines of Australia (1988).djvu/29

14 procured in very small quantities; the straggling streams interspersed throughout their journey were, in many instances, altogether destitute of fish, and where the finny tribes existed small quantities only be procured from the niggard waters; numerous wild animals, it is true, scampered along the plains, or concealed themselves in the thick underwood, while some wild birds of a tempting aspect were present in the wilds; but these were only to be procured by the exercise of considerable skill, industry, and patience. Hence the scarcity of the necessaries of life at once pointed out the inconvenience of proceeding in large numbers, and hence the division of the wayfaring multitude into numerous tribes must have followed almost immediately after their first entrance into the wilderness, each division placing itself under the guidance of a leading spirit, some redoubtable warrior or hoary sage, on whose prowess or judgment they had learnt to rely, and in whose protection and guidance they felt secure. Here was the origin of these infinitesimal divisions into which the sable population of Australia is found divided. The numbers of individuals of which these tribes generally consist have variously estimated. Some authorities have mentioned tribes numbering as many as a thousand men. The general tendency of our information on these matters, however, is opposed to the belief that any of the aboriginal tribes are numerically so large and powerful as these numbers would imply. It is very doubtful, indeed, whether


text:
Page:Life and Works of Abraham Lincoln, v4.djvu/15

 Lincoln as a Lawyer. I enjoyed for over twenty years the personal friendship of Mr. Lincoln. We were admitted to the bar about the same time and traveled for many years what is known in Illinois as the Eighth Judicial Court. In, when I first went on the bench, the circuit embraced fourteen counties, and Mr. Lincoln went with the Court to every county. Railroads were not then in use, and our mode of travel was either on horseback or in buggies.

This simple life he loved, preferring it to the practice of the law in a city, where, although the remuneration would be greater, the opportunity would be less for mixing with the great body of the people, who loved him, and whom he loved. Mr. Lincoln was transferred from the bar of that circuit to the office of the President of the United States, having been without official position since he left Congress in. In all the elements that constitute the great lawyer he had few equals. He was great both at  and


text:
Page:The Aborigines of Australia (1988).djvu/30

Rh any tribes could be found numbering altogether—men, women, and children—many more individuals than l,000, or about 200 full-grown men. It is probable, however, that in their wars and on particular occasions alliances and conjunctions may be formed, when very large numbers, equal to or exceeding the figures mentioned, are brought together, and for a limited time associate and act in concert.

Another question which has formed the subject of dissent and debate is the system of governance which prevails in the respective tribes, it being generally understood that authority or unity of no description whatever extends further. Not only, indeed, is the plan of government which obtains among the New Hollanders a subject of doubt, but it has been questioned whether any definite or fixed system of chiefship or government at all exists amongst them. This latter idea cannot, however, on any known analogy or principle be sustained. That they have no chiefs, such as the caciques of the American Indians, or the magnates of the South Sea Islands, New Zealand, &c.,whose sway is derived from ancestors, and handed down from father to son, and who are at once the objects of the veneration and respect of their lieges, we have reason to believe. The instances are, indeed, numerous of individuals among them, in the neighbourhood of European settlements, receiving the appellations of chiefs of their tribes. But those distinctions are as often, or more so, the result of some whim of the Europeans as any agreement or authority among


text:
The New Psychology

 * "The New Psychology" from Homeopathic World
 * "The New Psychology" from Homeopathic World

title: The New Psychology


text:
Page:Life and Works of Abraham Lincoln, v4.djvu/16

x before an appellate tribunal. He seized the strong points of a cause, and presented them with clearness and great compactness. His mind was logical and direct, and he did not indulge in extraneous discussion. Generalities and platitudes had no charms for him. An unfailing vein of humor never deserted him; and he was able to claim the attention of court and jury, when the cause was the most uninteresting, by the appropriateness of his anecdotes.

His power of comparison was large, and he rarely failed in a legal discussion to use that mode of reasoning. The framework of his mental and moral being was honesty, and a wrong cause was poorly defended by him. The ability which some eminent lawyers possess, of explaining away the bad points of a cause by ingenious sophistry, was denied him. In order to bring into full activity his great powers, it was necessary that he should be convinced of the right and justice of the matter which he advocated. When so convinced, whether the cause was great or small, he was usually successful. He read law-books but little, except when the cause in hand made it necessary; yet he was usually self-reliant, depending on his own resources, and rarely consulting his brother lawyers, either on the management of his case or on the legal questions involved.

Mr. Lincoln was the fairest and most accommodating of practitioners, granting all favors which were consistent with his duty to his client, and rarely availing himself of an unwary oversight of his adversary.

He hated wrong and oppression everywhere, and many a man whose fraudulent conduct was


text: Page:Life and Works of Abraham Lincoln, v4.djvu/18


text:
Page:Life and Works of Abraham Lincoln, v4.djvu/17

Rh undergoing review in a court of justice has writhed under his terrific indignation and rebukes. He was the most simple and unostentatious of men in his habits, having few wants, and those easily supplied. To his honor be it said that he never took from a client, even when his cause was gained, more than he thought the services were worth and the client could reasonably afford to pay. The people where he practiced law were not rich, and his charges were always small. When he was elected President, I question whether there was a lawyer in the circuit, who had been at the bar so long a time, whose means were not larger. It did not seem to be one of the purposes of his life to accumulate a fortune. In fact, outside of his profession, he had no knowledge of the way to make money, and he never even attempted it.

Mr. Lincoln was loved by his brethren of the bar, and no body of men will grieve more at his death, or pay more sincere tributes to his memory. His presence on the circuit was watched for with interest and never failed to produce joy or hilarity. When casually absent, the spirits of both bar and people were depressed. He was not fond of litigation, and would compromise a lawsuit, whenever practicable.


text:
Page:The Aborigines of Australia (1988).djvu/31

16 themselves; and when such titles do happen to be admitted by the aborigines themselves it is a title tacitly allowed to the individual more from his ruling qualities than from any other cause, by which tacit agreement a certain deference is paid to those qualities, while he is able to exhibit them personally, but no longer—a rule perfectly equitable and consistent among savages, where mere physical qualities are so likely to prevail over all others. Some years since nothing was more common than to observe among the groups of aborigines who usually assembled in the neighbourhood of Sydney some individual decked out in the gorgeous appendages of a half-moon of brass, suspended by a chain of the same metal around the neck, a cast-off cocked hat of some military officer, bending down under the weight of its feather, placed in any and every position on the crown of the head; the coat and trousers—if such were worn—in keeping or not, as circumstances happened, with the gorgeous headpiece. These individuals were uniformly looked upon by the Europeans as kings or chiefs among their sable brethren, and spoken of as such, but that they in reality enjoyed no such dignities might readily be inferred from the inveterate vice of mendicancy in which they indulged in common with their supposed subjects, the cocked hat of the "king" being frequently degraded to the "base uses" of receiving the halfpence and pence which a long series of the most profound and comical bows and salaams had drawn from the pockets of the passers-by. The supposition


text: Life and Works of Abraham Lincoln/Volume 4/Lincoln as a Lawyer


text:
Page:The Aborigines of Australia (1988).djvu/32

Rh that no regular system of chiefship prevails among the aborigines receives authority from many facts. In all accounts of their wars and battles derived from various sources, the absence of any allusions to a recognized chief or leader, exercising a supreme and decided command, is striking. Great warriors they certainly have, who on such occasions take prominent positions and play conspicuous parts; but that such exercise any authority or influence over the acts or conduct of the others, except by a tacit understanding, there is reason to doubt. In some minute descriptions of their battles, related by eye-witnesses, the old women of the tribes are often made to occupy the position of chiefs in command on such occasions, stepping in front of the opposing lines, armed with spear and shield, haranguing the warriors in the most animating terms, working themselves into a frightful state of excitement, and ending their parts by hurling their weapons at the ranks of the enemy—thus giving the signal for the general onslaught. Many other particulars could be adduced to show that among the aborigines authority of a fixed and definite character, whether centred in individuals of the body or contained in some well known and well-established laws, is altogether wanting. The mere suggestions of instinct and the most palpable laws of nature alone seem to have any weight amongst them. This absence of authority is also manifested strongly in all their social relations; but in none more strikingly than in their system of courtship and matrimony, the future wife being in almost every


text:
Author:William Cecil Dampier Whetham

Works

 * The Recent Development of Physical Science (1904)
 * A History of the Life of Colonel Nathaniel Whetham, a forgotten soldier of the civil wars (1907), with Catherine Durning Whetham
 * The Family and the Nation, a Study in Natural Inheritance and Social Responsibility (1909), with Catherine Durning Whetham
 * The Theory of Experimental Electricity (1912)
 * Science and the human mind; a critical and historical account of the development of natural knowledge (1912), with Catherine Durning Whetham
 * Heredity and Society (1912), with Catherine Durning Whetham
 * An Introduction to Eugenics (1912), with Catherine Durning Whetham
 * The Foundations of Science (1920)
 * Back to the Land: A Medley
 * Studies in Nature and Country Life. A Book for Children and their Parents

Contributions to EB1911

 * (in Liquids)

title: Author:William Cecil Dampier Whetham


text:
Author:William Evans Hoyle

Contributions to EB1911

 * (in part)

title: Author:William Evans Hoyle


text:
Page:Earle, Does Price Fixing Destroy Liberty, 1920, 136.jpg

136 adhering to the rule that constitutional provisions for the security of person and property should be liberally construed. A close and liberal construction deprives them of half their efficiency, and leads to gradual depreciation of the right, as if it consisted more in sound than in substance. It is the duty of Courts to be watchful for the constitutional rights of the citizen, and against any stealthy encroachments thereon. Their motto should be obsta principiis."

Certainly the Supreme Court was wrong in thinking that the danger to the Constitution was "in silent approaches and slight deviations" and in "stealthy encroachments," if all the purposes of the Constitution were to be swept away by a simple finding of the Judge that property was of sufficient value to be a public need. It can be believed that the worst and most despotic Government that ever existed did not take any property that was of no use. Even in the case of monopolistic enterprises, where some public check has been held to be necessary, no such doctrine has ever been applied as that the greater the value the smaller the right to Constitutional protection. It is certainly not construing the words "private property" "liberally" to hold that, although it is unqualified in the Constitution, it is to be read and confined to "private property of no use." But the Constitution cannot thus be frittered away, as the Courts have said so many times, and as early said in the Prigg Case, and even in the Craig Case.

It has already been shown what a disastrous effect such a ruling will have upon production. There are some other phases of this opinion which


text:
Page:The War on German Submarines - Carson, 1917.djvu/3

has the British Navy done in eighteen days to meet the intensified policy of German "frightfulness," both against the Allies and against neutrals, as practised by her submarines? Sir Edward Carson, First Lord of the Admiralty, introducing the Navy Estimates in the House of Commons on February 21, devoted the greater part of his speech to answering this question.

"My duty," he declared, "is to tell the House and the country the whole extent of the menace." He did not disguise its character:

"It is grave. It is serious. It has not yet been solved. I can honestly say that we have never for a moment ceased to work at it in the Admiralty. But no single magic remedy exists, or probably will exist. Nevertheless, I am confident that in the development of measures which have been and are being devised its seriousness will by degrees be greatly mitigated."

He told the House what had been done by way of organisation. "We have established at the Admiralty an Anti-Submarine Department, composed of the best and most experienced men we could draw for that purpose from men serving at sea. Their whole time is devoted to working out the problem. I have had their reports brought before the Board, and the Board take full responsibility for the approval of their methods and suggestions. Shortly after Sir John Jellicoe came to the Admiralty he issued an invitation to every member of the Fleet to send in any suggestion that occurred to him for dealing with this difficulty. We have, in addition to the Anti-Submarine Department, the Board of Inventions and Research. It is presided over by Admiral Lord Fisher, and associated with him are the greatest scientists the country possesses. He is there to tell them the wants of the Admiralty, and they are there to work out the methods by which those wants can be met—men like Sir J. Thomson, Sir Charles Parsons, Sir G. Beilby, and many associated with them of equal distinction. These are some of the greatest men we have. They give us of their best freely, and, as far as I am concerned, I cannot for a moment imagine that a great and distinguished public servant, who has done so much in the past as Lord Fisher has done, is not also giving to the Admiralty ungrudgingly the whole of his abilities and the whole of his services in trying to solve a problem of this kind, which threatens the very existence of this country.

"One matter has greatly helped us," went on Sir Edward. He referred to the law affecting the arming of merchant ships.


text:
Author:Edward Henry Carson

Works

 * The War on German Submarines, 1917

title: Author:Edward Henry Carson


text:
Author:Edward Bouverie Pusey

Works

 * An Historical Enquiry Into the Probable Causes of the Rationalist Character, 1828 external source
 * Tracts for the Times, 1833 to 1840
 * Tract 18: Thoughts on the Benefits of Fasting as Enjoined by our Church, 21 Dec., 1833
 * Tract 66: Supplement to Tract 18, 25 June, 1835
 * Tracts 67 to 69: Scriptural views of Holy Baptism, 24 Aug., 29 Sep., 18 Oct., 1835
 * Tract 77: An Earnest Remonstrance to the Author of 'The Pope's Letter', 1 Nov., 1836
 * Tract 81: Catena Patrum IV The Eucharistic Sacrifice, 1 Nov., 1837
 * The confessions of S. Augustine, 1838 external source
 * The Councils of the Church from the Council of Jerusalem A.D. 51, 1857 external source
 * Parochial Sermons, 1860 vol 1, vol 2
 * God's Prohibition of the Marriage with a Deceased Wife's Sister, 1860
 * An Eirenicon, 1865 external source
 * The Minor Prophets With A Commentary, 1869 external source
 * The responsibility of intellect in matters of faith, 1873 external source
 * Un-science, not science, adverse to faith, short work, 1878 external source
 * Parochial and cathedral sermons, 1882 external source
 * Private Prayers, 1883 external source
 * Prayers for a young schoolboy [ed. by H.P. Liddon]., 1883 external source
 * Prayers gathered from the writings of Edward Bouverie Pusey, 1883 external source
 * Spiritual letters of Edward Bouverie Pusey, 1898 external source

title: Author:Edward Bouverie Pusey


text: Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile/Volume 2/Book 4/Chapter 8


text:
Page:Earle, Does Price Fixing Destroy Liberty, 1920, 173.jpg

The foregoing detailed discussion has failed of useful purpose, if we have not reached a result that can be clearly and succinctly stated for ascertained truth must always tend to succinctness and simplicity of statement.

The "discovered" constitutional truths, may, therefore, be condensed to the following propositions, now fully established by the Supreme Court:

1st. That "Liberty is the greatest of all rights," and that it cannot exist without "Life," "the pursuit of happiness," and its resulting private property, and its legitimate fruits and profits. These have, consequently, always been "unalienable" constitutional rights of every free man living under and helping to govern our free Republican nation. That property, to this extent, at least, becomes and is a synonym for "Liberty," so that wherever arbitrary governmental impairment of the "value" of private property is found, by "price fixing" or other despotic ukase or decree, property and constitutional liberty have been invaded—and Communistic slavery has, to that extent, been substituted for the Republican Government of free men under constitutional protection.

2nd. That all men naturally love freedom, however ignorant they may be of that eternal vigilance and the necessary measures to preserve it, and where their folly has caused them to lose it, always try to return to it. Liberty destroying price fixing, of necessity, an invasion of property and thus of its synonym "Liberty," never can long


text:
Page:Seventeen lectures on the study of medieval and modern history and kindred subjects.djvu/24

 no lack of helpers; the great German hive of historical workers is busy as we are on our archives: such and so close are the ties which now, owing to the facilities of travelling and communication, the abundance of libraries and the accessibility of records, the extension of literary and investigative sympathies, and, I am happy to think, the extinction of literary jealousies, are now binding the historical scholars of Em-ope, that I think and hope that the day is coming when, although we may not cease to quarrel with and criticise one another, there will be a great republic of workers able and willing to assist one another; not working for party pm-poses, unfettered by political prejudices, and although as strong partizans and politicians as ever, anxious above all to find the truth, and to purify the cause that each loves best from every taint of falsehood, every inclination to calumny or concealment. I confess that it is towards this consummation that my dearest wishes as a student of History are directed; and that I anticipate with the greatest pleasure the prospect of being instrumental and able to assist in the founding of an historical school in England, which shall join with the other workers of Europe in a common task; which shall build, not upon Hallam and Palgrave and Kemble and Froude and Macaulay, but on the abundant collected and arranged materials on which those writers tried to build whilst they were scanty and scattered and in disorder. The time cannot be far off when all the records of the medieval world which are in existence will be in print either in full or in such abundant abstracts as will be thoroughly trustworthy representations of their contents; when every great Library will contain copies of them all, and when every town will contain a great Library. The seed sown by the old Record Commission, by presenting copies of their publications to the municipal corporations and principal provincial libraries, marks an era, as antiquaries well know, in the development of antiquarian study and the preservation of archaeological treasures. We may hope to see the same principle extended now, and although the chief labours of the historian must continue to find their place in his own study, as no library can supersede the need of books at home, still no man may be obliged to keep


text: Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile/Volume 2/Book 3/Chapter 17


text:
Page:Earle, Does Price Fixing Destroy Liberty, 1920, 176.jpg

176 action of exchange. And when we wish to ascertain the exact value of a thing we offer it at auction or in some other way subject it to competitive offers. * * *"

Whilst the writer would be proud beyond measure had these immutable principles been mere original thoughts of his own, all this, most fortunately for our country, has, on the contrary, been pointed out, contended for,—even fought for, and actually achieved at least since Magna Charta, and nowhere better than by our Supreme tribunal in Monongahela, Harvester and Collins cases, as well as the others that have already been referred to. We thus have a complete explanation of why restraints of trade and monopolies have always been said to be so pernicious; for what makes things more difficult to obtain in trade, necessarily enhances their value, and all these impediments to free trading, of necessity, increases the cost and difficulty of maintaining our life. But the remedy is not to be found by arbitrary and unconstitutional additional discouragement and impediments to trade, but solely keeping it under the spur that its regulation by free competition always best supplies. Not by making them Communistic slaves, not by the injustice of giving unequivalent return for what is taken, but by the encouragement, that perhaps more encourages production than anything else, of knowing that they will not be unjustly treated as to the results of their toil when created.

It will thus be seen that neither seller nor any jury


text:
Translation:Imperial Decree on events leading to the signing of Boxer Protocol

This Imperial Decree is issued on 26 December(lunar calendar), Guangxu 26 (1900).

In summer 1900, Boxer bandits carried out a rebellion, attacking friendly foreign nations. I (Guangxu Emperor) had accompanied Empress Dowager to inspect the western provinces, Peking was in total chaos. Prince Qing and Grand Scholar Li Hongzhang had been given the full mandate to represent the Imperial Court, to negotiate a cease fire and a peace treaty with all the foreign diplomats. Yesterday Prince Qing sent a telegram, detailing the twelve clauses of the peace treaty. I(Guangxu Emperor) have agreed in general.

I(Guangxu Emperor) again sent telegram to instruct the minister to patiently work out and double check the finer details to fully utilize China's resources in offering foreign nations to their total satisfaction. The Imperial Court is fully aware of this regrettable disaster. It is more than reasonable to issue a Decree on those Imperial misdeeds [??], and since the Imperial Court has suffered unspeakable hardship and disgrace, it is the Imperial Court's obligation to give a clear explanation to all my ministers and all people under the Heaven.

This disaster was caused by conflicts and disputes between Boxers and Chinese Christians converts. Ignorant people claim that it was because our country encouraged and protected bandits, escalating it into an upheaval. They did not know that during May and June(lunar calendar) the court issued many decrees, calling for the extermination of the Boxers and the protection of Christian converts,  but those rebellious people, despite numerous Imperial Decrees being issued to prohibit the practice of Boxers, they continue to create chaos that will plunge the country into extinction. At the upheaval on July 26 (lunar calender), I (Guangxu Emperor) and Empress Dowager were ready to sacrifice our life for the country, in order to express gratitude to the spirits of all the ancestors. It was a moment of extreme confusion, sadness and pain. Help came from some princes and ministers. Eventually we were able to stumble out of Peking. Amidst a forest of guns and countless bomb shells raining down, we were able to flee to western provinces for a hunting trip. The Empress Dowager was frightened and in danger, the Aisin Gioro clan was in danger, clothing and hats were thrown into ditches. All these sufferings were caused by the Boxer bandits, therefore who can claim that the Royal Court was offering protection for them?

This upheaval and chaos was initiated by the Boxer bandits and their supporters who went into rebellion. Certainly there were reasons behind this. Foreign nations had been preaching Christianity in China for a long time. In dealing with disputes between locals and the Christian churches, the local magistrates did not always act impartially: those who tried to avoid controversy would favor the Churches, causing harm to the locals; those who are into making a big name of themselves would do the opposite. The local magistrates were out of ways to deal with these problems, thus the hatred between these two groups deepened. The Boxer bandits then took advantage start a war. The local magistrates are the ones at fault that daily unresolved conflicts burst into uncontrollable upheaval. The Shangdong Boxer bandits burned churches and destroyed roads, so the Court had dispatched army to exterminate this rebellion. But the Lian Army was without discipline, which caused harm to the common people. Moreover, the Boxer bandits focused hatred towards Christian churches and never disturbed the local neighborhood. This is why the people began to love the bandits and feared the Emperor's soldiers. The bandit's influence rose and their group increased in numbers. This was the fault of commanding generals. Those bandits, using evil speech and twisted theory, incited and seduced uneducated people, even among princes and ministers. Some were young and wanton, some were ignorant. They were jealous of the military might of the foreigners, did not understand their own shortcomings, were taken in by the devils and the fake. Believing in the magic power of the Boxers, they began to practice at their own homes as well as in the streets and the market places. Once they were supplied with rations and weapons, Boxers began with two or three people and now they have tens of millions followers. I(Guangxu Emperor) and Empress Dowager, insisting on capturing the leaders and disbanding this bandit group, gave Ganyi a special Imperial Court order to pronounce a ban, yet with no result. Instead, tens of thousands of rebels, daring to wear red scarfs and carrying knives, roamed the capital, burned and looted churches, besieged and attacked foreign embassies.

The Empress Dowager had been dictating national policy behind a curtain for the last 40 years. I (Guangxu Emperor) always respected her majesty and was eager to receive her majesty's kind teaching, kindness to neighboring nations and protection for the churches, all of which were benevolent policy. Under heaven, people with righteousness are not murderers and arsonists; national policy should not lean towards bandits and breaking up international alliance at will. At the moment when the foreign legations were being surrounded, several decrees were directed at the Zongli Yamen, requesting ministers to go and stop any aggressive attacks and offer solace to the diplomats, but the Royal Decrees were never delivered, no ministers went. During all the confusion, no explanation was ever put forward. Had the foreign legations being subjected to the full force of bombardment, would those buildings still be intact today? The reasons why worse disasters had been prevented, was precisely because the Imperial Court intervened with full force, even frequently sending fruits and beverage to the foreigners. All you foreigners need to understand, and show appreciation that the Empress Dowager has a kind heart. On this peace treaty, our sovereignty is kept intact, no territorial land annexation had been requested, the Royal court is mindful of the understanding of the foreign power, is resentful of (boxer bandits) ignorant violent acts, in retrospect, a mix of regret and anger. Since the peace treaty had been agreed upon, we shall just leave it as that.

光緒二十六年十二月二十六日諭


text:
Page:Seventeen lectures on the study of medieval and modern history and kindred subjects.djvu/25

 all his ideas in chronic effervescence and all his hopeful discoveries in a state of tantalising suspension, in the hope that once a year he can visit the Bodleian or the British Museum. For that day of many students, many books, many libraries, and many readers, I look with confidence; in the meantime I do hope and trust that my work here, although this may not be its primary aim or its most successful use, may help in a humble way to educate workers for the good time coming.

For I desire to introduce myself to you, not as a philosopher nor as a politician, but as a worker at history. Not that I have not strong views on politics, nor short and concise opinions on philosophy, but because this is my work, and I have taken it up in all sincerity and desire of truth, and wish to keep to my work and to the sort of truth that I can help on in the inquiry; because you have plenty of politicians and plenty of scholars to whom, if they wish to have it, I certainly win not begrudge the name of philosophers. I suppose that it is truth we are all seeking, and that though the sorts of truth are distinct and the ways that we work in are very different, when we have found what we seek for we shall find all our discoveries combine in harmony; and I trust and believe that the more sincerely, the more single-heartedly we work each of us, the nearer we consciously come to the state where we shall see the oneness and glory and beauty of the truth itself. So that the theologian, the naturalist, the historian, the philosopher, if he work honestly, is gaining each for his brother, and being worked for each by his brother, in the pursuit of the great end, the great consummation of all. We may all speak humbly, the theologian because of the excellence of his subject, the rest because of the vastness of our field of work, the length of our art and the shortness of our life; but we cannot afford to speak contemptuously of any sort of knowledge, and God forbid that we should speak contemptuously, or hypercritically of any honest worker.

The subject-matter of Modern Historical inquiry has peculiar advantages for the training of the powers most constantly in exercise in a practical generation. Compared with the study of Ancient History it is like the study of life compared with


text:
Page:The Plays of Euripides Vol. 1- Edward P. Coleridge (1910).djvu/119

Rh. 'Tis the son of the horse-loving Amazon who calls, Hippolytus, uttering foul curses on my servant.

. I hear a noise, but cannot clearly tell which way it comes. Ah! 'tis through the door the sound reached thee.

. Yes, yes, he is calling her plainly enough a go-between in vice, traitress to her master's honour.

. Woe, woe is me! thou art betrayed, dear mistress! What counsel shall I give thee? thy secret is out; thou art utterly undone.

. Ah me! ah me!

. Betrayed by friends!

. She hath ruined me by speaking of my misfortune; 'twas kindly meant, but an ill way to cure my malady.

. O what wilt thou do now in thy cruel dilemma?

. I only know one way, one cure for these my woes, and that is instant death.

. O mother earth! O sun's unclouded orb! What words, unfit for any lips, have reached my ears!

. Peace, my son, lest some one hear thy outcry.

. I cannot hear such awful words and hold my peace.

. I do implore thee by thy fair right hand.

. Let go my hand, touch not my robe.

. O by thy knees I pray, destroy me not utterly.

. Why say this, if, as thou pretendest, thy lips are free from blame?

. My son, this is no story to be noised abroad.

. A virtuous tale grows fairer told to many.

. Never dishonour thy oath, thy son.

. My tongue an oath did take, but not my heart.

. My son, what wilt thou do? destroy thy friends?

. Friends indeed! the wicked are no friends of mine.

. O pardon me; to err is only human, child.

. Great Zeus, why didst thou, to man's sorrow, put woman, evil counterfeit, to dwell where shines the sun? If


text:
Page:Seventeen lectures on the study of medieval and modern history and kindred subjects.djvu/26

 that of death, the view of the living body compared with that of the skeleton. The student of Ancient History has his advantages; he can speculate on his skeleton, he can penetrate more deeply into the framework of ancient society, so far as his materials allow him; he can handle the different parts and form his political hypotheses as it pleases him, according to the various ways in which his skeleton can be put together; he is little troubled by the fear of new facts, or new developments making their appearance suddenly to put to flight his calculations; he has all the existing materials for his investigation before him, or within easy reach; he has for the geographical area of his work a portion of the earth and its peoples that has had, since the roll of its own historians was closed, little to do with the active work of the world. He can work out principles at his will; he can educate his taste and analyse and experiment to the very ne plus ultra of critical subtilty. But the principles he works out and the results of his criticism are alike things that give the world no new knowledge, or exercise no direct influence on the interests of real life. And in this is one of the great incidental uses of classical training as an engine of education. You have in its languages and histories and philosophies, the most elegant, the most compact, the most ingenious systems on which the mind of man can be exercised; and you have them in such isolation, so set apart altogether from personal or party or national or scholastic propensions, that the lessons to be drawn from them are for the most part as safe, as unexciting, as far removed from the heart and interests of life, as any proposition in mathematics.

In Modern History, on the contrary, you are dealing with the living subject: your field of examination is the living, working, thinking, growing world of to-day; as distinguished from the dead world of Greece and Rome, by the life that is in it, as it is in geographical area and in the embarrassing abundance of the data from which only in their full integrity it is safe, or ever will be safe, to attempt to philosophise. England, France, Germany, the East, regions that have but a shadowy existence in the background of the pictures in


text:
Page:Seventeen lectures on the study of medieval and modern history and kindred subjects.djvu/27

 which living Egypt, Rome, and Asia stand before us, after thousands of years of death, in the bright colouring and lifelike grouping of yesterday; these are the area in which the modern historian seeks and finds the interests of his pursuit. Italy, the common ground of the sister studies, the strange borderland between light and darkness, in which alone the past seems to live and the present for the most part to be a living death, has a double existence that fits and unfits her for the free handling of either.

And in this new and modern and living world there has been since the era began, such a continuity of life and development that hardly one point in its earliest life can be touched without the awakening some chord in the present. Scarcely a single movement now visible in the current of modern affairs but can be traced back with some distinctness to its origin in the early middle ages; scarcely a movement that has disturbed the world since the invasion of our barbarian ancestors but has its representative in the chart of law or thoughts or territory to this day. Not a dynasty that is trembling out its little span of days now, but represents in its shattered tottering throne some great hero, some great heroic movement, that has won the gratitude of the medieval world. Not a country revolutionised and levelled until it hardly knew itself, until it scarcely remembered the names of its rivers and mountains, has been able utterly to obliterate the boundaries, or the customs, or the affinities of its old divisions. The dynastic traditions of Europe are rooted and grounded in the distant past: the principle of nationalities, new in its fashion of announcement and most unlucky in its prophet, is rooted and grounded in a past more distant still; the principle of freedom, in their effect on which only the dynastic and national ideas have their true political value, rests on a yet more ancient foundation, but on one that is peculiar to the modern field of study, for it was brought into the world and proclaimed and made possible by the Church.

It is Christianity that gives to the modern world its living unity and at the same time cuts it off from the death of the past.


text:
Page:The Plays of Euripides Vol. 1- Edward P. Coleridge (1910).djvu/120

92 thou wert minded that the human race should multiply, it was not from women they should have drawn their stock, but in thy temples they should have paid gold or iron or ponderous bronze and bought a family, each man proportioned to his offering, and so in independence dwelt, from women free. [But now as soon as ever we would bring this plague into our home we bring its fortune to the ground.] 'Tis clear from this how great a curse a woman is; the very father, that begot and nurtured her, to rid him of the mischief, gives her a dower and packs her off; while the husband, who takes the noxious weed into his home, fondly decks his sorry idol in fine raiment and tricks her out in robes, squandering by degrees, unhappy wight! his house's wealth. For he is in this dilemma; say his marriage has brought him good connections, he is glad then to keep the wife he loathes; or, if he gets a good wife but useless relations, he tries to stifle the bad luck with the good. But it is easiest for him who has settled in his house as wife a mere nobody, incapable from simplicity. I hate a clever woman; never may she set foot in my house who aims at knowing more than women need; for in these clever women Cypris implants a larger store of villainy, while the artless woman is by her shallow wit from levity debarred. No servant should ever have had access to a wife, but men should put to live with them beasts, which bite, not talk, in which case they could not speak to any one nor be answered back by them. But, as it is, the wicked in their chambers plot wickedness, and their servants carry it abroad. Even thus, vile wretch, thou cam'st to make me partner in an outrage on my father's honour; wherefore I must wash that stain away in running streams, dashing the water into my ears. How could I commit so foul a crime when by the very mention of it I feel myself