text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/994

 98 STAT. 2154

Guidelines.

Claims.

Confidentiality.

Records.

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

witness if the family or person may also be endangered on account of the participation of the witness in the judicial proceeding. "(2) The Attorney General shall issue guidelines defining the types of cases for which the exercise of the authority of the Attorney General contained in paragraph (1) would be appropriate. "(3) The United States and its officers and employees shall not be subject to any civil liability on account of any decision to provide or not to provide protection under this chapter. "(b)(1) In connection with the protection under this chapter of a witness, a potential witness, or an immediate family member or close associate of a witness or potential witness, the Attorney General shall take such action as the Attorney General determines to be necessary to protect the person involved from bodily injury and otherwise to assure the health, safety, and welfare of that person, including the psychological well-being and social adjustment of that person, for as long as, in the judgment of the Attorney General, the danger to that person exists. The Attorney General may, by regulation— "(A) provide suitable documents to enable the person to establish a new identity or otherwise protect the person; "(B) provide housing for the person; "(C) provide for the transportation of household furniture and other personal property to a new residence of the person; "(D) provide to the person a payment to meet basic living expenses, in a sum established in accordance with regulations issued by the Attorney General, for such times as the Attorney General determines to be warranted; "(E) assist the person in obtaining employment; "(F) provide other services necessary to assist the person in becoming self-sustaining; "(G) disclose or refuse to disclose the identity or location of the person relocated or protected, or any other matter concerning the person or the program after weighing the danger such a disclosure would pose to the person, the detriment it would cause to the general effectiveness of the program, and the benefit it would afford to the public or to the person seeking the disclosure, except that the Attorney General shall, upon the request of State or local law enforcement officials or pursuant to a court order, without undue delay, disclose to such officials the identity, location, criminal records, and fingerprints relating to the person relocated or protected when the Attorney General knows or the request indicates that the person is under investigation for or has been arrested for or charged with an offense that is punishable by more than one year in prison or that is a crime of violence; and "(H) exempt procurement for services, materials, and supplies, and the renovation and construction of safe sites within existing buildings from other provisions of law as may be required to maintain the security of protective witnesses and the integrity of the Witness Security Program. The Attorney General shall establish an accurate, efficient, and effective system of records concerning the criminal history of persons provided protection under this chapter in order to provide the information described in subparagraph.

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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/995

 PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

98 STAT. 2155

"(2) Deductions shall be made from any payment made to a person pursuant to paragraph (1)(D) to satisfy obligations of that person for family support payments pursuant to a State court order. "(3) Any person who, without the authorization of the Attorney General, knowingly discloses any information received from the Attorney General under paragraph (IXG) shall be fined $5,000 or imprisoned five years, or both. "(c) Before providing protection to any person under this chapter, the Attorney General shall, to the extent practicable, obtain information relating to the suitability of the person for inclusion in the program, including the criminal history, if any, and a psychological evaluation of, the person. The Attorney General shall also make a written assessment in each case of the seriousness of the investigation or case in which the person's information or testimony has been or will be provided and the possible risk of danger to other persons and property in the community where the person is to be relocated and shall determine whether the need for that person's testimony outweighs the risk of danger to the public. In assessing whether a person should be provided protection under this chapter, the Attorney General shall consider the person's criminal record, alternatives to providing protection under this chapter, the possibility of securing similar testimony from other sources, the need for protecting the person, the relative importance of the person's testimony, results of psychological examinations, whether providing such protection will substantially infringe upon the relationship between a child who would be relocated in connection with such protection and that child's parent who would not be so relocated, and such other factors as the Attorney General considers appropriate. The Attorney General shall not provide protection to any person under this chapter if the risk of danger to the public, including the potential harm to innocent victims, outweighs the need for that person's testimony. This subsection shall not be construed to authorize the disclosure of the written assessment made pursuant to this subsection. "(d)(1) Before providing protection to any person under this chapter, the Attorney General shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with that person. Each such memorandum of understanding shall set forth the responsibilities of that person, including— "(A) the agreement of the person, if a witness or potential witness, to testify in and provide information to all appropriate law enforcement officials concerning all appropriate proceedings; "(B) the agreement of the person not to commit any crime; "(C) the agreement of the person to take all necessary steps to avoid detection by others of the facts concerning the protection provided to that person under this chapter; "(D) the agreement of the person to comply with legal obligations and civil judgments against that person; "(E) the agreement of the person to cooperate with all reasonable requests of officers and employees of the Government who are providing protection under this chapter; "(F) the agreement of the person to designate another person to act as agent for the service of process;

Confidentiality. Penalties.

Confidentiality,

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/996

 98 STAT. 2156

Post, p. 2157.

Ante, p. 2153.

Termination. Children and yout^i

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

"(G) the agreement of the person to make a sworn statement of all outstanding legal obligations, including obligations concerning child custody and visitation; "(H) the agreement of the person to disclose any probation or parole responsibilities, and if the person is on probation or parole under State law, to consent to Federal supervision in accordance with section 3522 of this title; and "(I) the agreement of the person to regularly inform the appropriate program official of the activities and current address of such person. Each such memorandum of understanding shall also set forth the protection which the Attorney General has determined will be provided to the person under this chapter, and the procedures to be followed in the case of a breach of the memorandum of understanding, as such procedures are established by the Attorney General. Such procedures shall include a procedure for filing and resolution of grievances of persons provided protection under this chapter regarding the administration of the program. This procedure shall include the opportunity for resolution of a grievance by a person who was not involved in the case. "(2) The Attorney General shall enter into a separate memorandum of understanding pursuant to this subsection with each person protected under this chapter who is eighteen years of age or older. The memorandum of understanding shall be signed by the Attorney General and the person protected. "(3) The Attorney General may delegate the responsibility initially to authorize protection under this chapter only to the Deputy Attorney General, to the Associate Attorney General, to the Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice, to the Assistant Attorney General in charge of Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice (insofar as the delegation relates to a criminal civil rights case), and to one other officer or employee of the Department of Justice. "(e) If the Attorney General determines that harm to a person for whom protection may be provided under section 3521 of this title is imminent or that failure to provide immediate protection would otherwise seriously jeopardize an ongoing investigation, the Attorney General may provide temporary protection to such person under this chapter before making the written assessment and determination required by subsection (c) of this section or entering into the memorandum of understanding required by subsection (d) of this section. In such a case the Attorney General shall make such assessment and determination and enter into such memorandum of understanding without undue delay after the protection is initiated. "(f) The Attorney General may terminate the protection provided under this chapter to any person who substantially breaches the memorandum of understanding entered into between the Attorney General and that person pursuant to subsection (d), or who provides false information concerning the memorandum of understanding or the circumstances pursuant to which the person was provided protection under this chapter, including information with respect to the nature and circumstances concerning child custody and visitation. Before terminating such protection, the Attorney General shall send notice to the person involved of the termination of the protection provided under this chapter and the reasons for the termination. The decision of the Attorney General to terminate such protection shall not be subject to judicial review.

�


text: Author:Charles Wheeler Pierson

title: Author:Charles Wheeler Pierson


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/997

 PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

98 STAT. 2157

"§ 3522. Probationers and parolees "(a) A probation officer may, upon the request of the Attorney General, supervise any person provided protection under this chapter who is on probation or parole under State law, if the State involved consents to such supervision. Any person so supervised shall be under Federal jurisdiction during the period of supervision and shall, during that period be subject to all laws of the United States which pertain to parolees. "(b) The failure by any person provided protection under this chapter who is supervised under subsection (a) to comply with the memorandum of understanding entered into by that person pursuant to section 3521(d) of this title shall be grounds for the revocation of probation or parole, as the case may be. "(c) The United States Parole Commission and the Chairman of the Commission shall have the same powers and duties with respect to a probationer or parolee transferred from State supervision pursuant to this section as they have with respect to an offender convicted in a court of the United States and paroled under chapter 311 of this title. The provisions of sections 4201 through 4204, 4205 (a), (e), and (h), 4206 through 4216, and 4218 of this title shall apply following a revocation of probation or parole under this section. "(d) If a person provided protection under this chapter who is on probation or parole and is supervised under subsection (a) of this section has been ordered by the State court which imposed sentence on the person to pay a sum of money to the victim of the offense involved for damage caused by the offense, that penalty or award of damages may be enforced as though it were a civil judgment rendered by a United States district court. Proceedings to collect the moneys ordered to be paid may be instituted by the Attorney General in any United States district court. Moneys recovered pursuant to such proceedings shall be distributed to the victim. "§3523. Civil judgments "(a) If a person provided protection under this chapter is named as a defendant in a civil cause of action arising prior to or during the period in which the protection is provided, process in the civil proceeding may be served upon that person or an agent designated by that person for that purpose. The Attorney General shall make reasonable efforts to serve a copy of the process upon the person protected at the person's last known address. The Attorney General shall notify the plaintiff in the action whether such process has been served. If a judgment in such action is entered against that person the Attorney General shall determine whether the person has made reasonable efforts to comply with the judgment. The Attorney General shall take appropriate steps to urge the person to comply with the judgment. If the Attorney General determines that the person has not made reasonable efforts to comply with the judgment, the Attorney General may, after considering the danger to the person and upon the request of the person holding the judgment disclose the identity and location of the person to the plaintiff entitled to recovery pursuant to the judgment. Any such disclosure of the identity and location of the person shall be made upon the express condition that further disclosure by the plaintiff of such identity or location may be made only if essential to the plaintiffs efforts to recover under the judgment, and only to such additional persons as is necessary to effect the recovery. Any such disclosure or nondisclo-

18 USC 3522.

Ante, p. 2153.

Ante, p. 2027. 18 USC 4201 et
 * ^9Penalties,

Confidentiality. 18 USC 3523.

Claims.

�


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/998

 98 STAT. 2158

Confidentiality.

Claims.

28 USC app.

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

sure by the Attorney General shall not subject the United States and its officers or employees to any civil liability. "(b)(1) Any person who holds a judgment entered by a Federal or State court in his or her favor against a person provided protection under this chapter may, upon a decision by the Attorney General to deny disclosure of the current identity and location of such protected person, bring an action against the protected person in the United States district court in the district where the person holding the judgment (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as the 'petitioner') resides. Such action shall be brought within one hundred and twenty days after the petitioner requested the Attorney General to disclose the identity and location of the protected person. The complaint in such action shall contain statements that the petitioner holds a valid judgment of a Federal or State court against a person provided protection under this chapter and that the petitioner sought to enforce the judgment by requesting the Attorney General to disclose the identity and location of the protected person. "(2) The petitioner in an action described in paragraph (1) shall notify the Attorney General of the action at the same time the action is brought. The Attorney General shall appear in the action and shall affirm or deny the statements in the complaint that the person against whom the judgment is allegedly held is provided protection under this chapter and that the petitioner requested the Attorney General to disclose the identity and location of the protected person for the purpose of enforcing the judgment. "(3) Upon a determination (A) that the petitioner holds a judgment entered by a Federal or State court and (B) that the Attorney General has declined to disclose to the petitioner the current identity and location of the protected person against whom the judgment was entered, the court shall appoint a guardian to act on behalf of the petitioner to enforce the judgment. The clerk of the court shall forthwith furnish the guardian with a copy of the order of appointment. The Attorney General shall disclose to the guardian the current identity and location of the protected person and any other information necessary to enable the guardian to carry out his or her duties under this subsection. •'(4) It is the duty of the guardian to proceed with all reasonable diligence and dispatch to enforce the rights of the petitioner under the judgment. The guardian shall, however, endeavor to carry out such enforcement duties in a manner that maximizes, to the extent practicable, the safety and security of the protected person. In no event shall the guardian disclose the new identity or location of the protected person without the permission of the Attorney General, except that such disclosure may be made to a Federal or State court in order to enforce the judgment. Any good faith disclosure made by the guardian in the performance of his or her duties under this subsection shall not create any civil liability against the United States or any of its officers or employees. "(5) Upon appointment, the guardian shall have the power to perform any act with respect to the judgment which the petitioner could perform, including the initiation of judicial enforcement actions in any Federal or State court or the assignment of such enforcement actions to a third party under applicable Federal or State law. The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure shall apply in any action brought under this subsection to enforce a Federal or State court judgment.

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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/999

 PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

98 STAT. 2159

"(6) The costs of any action brought under this subsection with respect to a judgment, including any enforcement action described in paragraph (5), and the compensation to be allowed to a guardian appointed in any such action shall be fixed by the court and shall be apportioned among the parties as follows: the petitioner shall be assessed in the amount the petitioner would have paid to collect on the judgment in an action not arising under the provisions of this subsection; the protected person shall be assessed the costs which are normally charged to debtors in similar actions and any other costs which are incurred as a result of an action brought under this subsection. In the event that the costs and compensation to the guardian are not met by the petitioner or by the protected person, the court may, in its discretion, enter judgment against the United States for costs and fees reasonably incurred as a result of the action brought under this subsection. "(7) No officer or employee of the Department of Justice shall in any way impede the efforts of a guardian appointed under this subsection to enforce the judgment with respect to which the guardian was appointed. "(c) The provisions of this section shall not apply to a court order to which section 3524 of this title applies. "§ 3524. Child custody arrangements "(a) The Attorney General may not relocate any child in connection with protection provided to a person under this chapter if it appears that a person other than that protected person has legal custody of that child. "(b) Before protection is provided under this chapter to any person (1) who is a parent of a child of whom that person has custody, and (2) who has obligations to another parent of that child with respect to custody or visitation of that child under a court order, the Attorney General shall obtain and examine a copy of such order for the purpose of assuring that compliance with the order can be achieved. If compliance with a visitation order cannot be achieved, the Attorney General may provide protection under this chapter to the person only if the parent being relocated initiates legal action to modify the existing court order under subsection (e)(1) of this section. The parent being relocated must agree in writing before being provided protection to abide by any ensuing court orders issued as a result of an action to modify. "(c) With respect to any person provided protection under this chapter (1) who is the parent of a child who is relocated in connection with such protection and (2) who has obligations to another parent of that child with respect to custody or visitation of that child under a State court order, the Attorney General shall, as soon as practicable after the person and child are so relocated, notify in writing the child's parent who is not so relocated that the child has been provided protection under this chapter. The notification shall also include statements that the rights of the parent not so relocated to visitation or custody, or both, under the court order shall not be infringed by the relocation of the child and the Department of Justice responsibility with respect thereto. The Department of Justice will pay all reasonable costs of transportation and security incurred in insuring that visitation can occur at a secure location as designated by the United States Marshals Service, but in no event shall it be obligated to pay such costs for visitation in excess of thirty days a year, or twelve in number a year. Additional visitation

Claims.

Prohibition.

State and local governments.

18 USC 3524.

�


text: Author:Charles Winfield Pilgrim

title: Author:Charles Winfield Pilgrim


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1000

 98 STAT. 2160

28 USC app.

Confidentiality.

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

may be paid for, in the discretion of the Attorney General, by the Department of Justice in extraordinary circumstances. In the event that the unrelocated parent pays visitation costs, the Department of Justice may, in the discretion of the Attorney General, extend security arrangements associated with such visitation. "(d)(1) With respect to any person provided protection under this chapter (A) who is the parent of a child who is relocated in connection with such protection and (B) who has obligations to another parent of that child with respect to custody or visitation of that child under a court order, an action to modify that court order may be brought by any party to the court order in the District Court for the District of Columbia or in the district court for the district in which the child's parent resides who has not been relocated in connection with such protection. "(2) With respect to actions brought under paragraph (1), the district courts shall establish a procedure to provide a reasonable opportunity for the parties to the court order to mediate their dispute with respect to the order. The court shall provide a mediator for this purpose. If the dispute is mediated, the court shall issue an order in accordance with the resolution of the dispute. "(3) If, within sixty days after an action is brought under paragraph (1) to modify a court order, the dispute has not been mediated, any party to the court order may request arbitration of the dispute. In the case of such a request, the court shall appoint a master to act as arbitrator, who shall be experienced in domestic relations matters. Rule 53 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure shall apply to masters appointed under this paragraph. The court and the master shall, in determining the dispute, give substantial deference to the need for maintaining parent-child relationships, and any order issued by the court shall be in the best interests of the child. In actions to modify a court order brought under this subsection, the court and the master shall apply the law of the State in which the court order was issued or, in the case of the modification of a court order issued by a district court under this section, the law of the State in which the parent resides who was not relocated in connection with the protection provided under this chapter. The costs to the Government of carrying out a court order may be considered in an action brought under this subsection to modify that court order but shall not outweigh the relative interests of the parties themselves and the child. "(4) Until a court order is modified under this subsection, all parties to that court order shall comply with their obligations under that court order subject to the limitations set forth in subsection (c) of this section. "(5) With respect to any person provided protection under this chapter who is the parent of a child who is relocated in connection with such protection, the parent not relocated in connection with such protection may bring an action, in the District Court for the District of Columbia or in the district court for the district in which that parent resides, for violation by that protected person of a court order with respect to custody or visitation of that child. If the court finds that such a violation has occurred, the court may hold in contepipt the protected person. Once held in contempt, the protected person shall have a maximum of sixty days, in the discretion of the Attorney General, to comply with the court order. If the protected person fails to comply with the order within the time specified by the Attorney General, the Attorney General shall disclose the new

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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1001

 PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

98 STAT. 2161

identity and address of the protected person to the other parent and terminate any financial assistance to the protected person unless otherwise directed by the court. "(6) The United States shall be required by the court to pay litigation costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, incurred by a parent who prevails in enforcing a custody or visitation order; but shall retain the right to recover such costs from the protected person. "(e)(1) In any case in which the Attorney General determines that, as a result of the relocation of a person and a child of whom that person is a parent in connection with protection provided under this chapter, the implementation of a court order with respect to custody or visitation of that child would be substantially impossible, the Attorney General may bring, on behalf of the person provided protection under this chapter, an action to modify the court order. Such action may be brought in the district court for the district in which the parent resides who would not be or was not relocated in connection with the protection provided under this chapter. In an action brought under this paragraph, if the Attorney General establishes, by clear and convincing evidence, that implementation of the court order involved would be substantially impossible, the court may modify the court order but shall, subject to appropriate security considerations, provide an alternative as substantially equivalent to the original rights of the nonrelocating parent as feasible under the circumstances. "(2) With respect to any State court order in effect to which this section applies, and with respect to any district court order in effect which is issued under this section, if the parent who is not relocated in connection with protection provided under this chapter intentionally violates a reasonable security requirement imposed by the Attorney General with respect to the implementation of that court order, the Attorney General may bring an action in the district court for the district in which that parent resides to modify the court order. The court may modify the court order if the court finds such an intentional violation. "(3) The procedures for mediation and arbitration provided under subsection (d) of this section shall not apply to actions for modification brought under this subsection. "(f) In any case in which a person provided protection under this chapter is the parent of a child of whom that person has custody and has obligations to another parent of that child concerning custody and visitation of that child which are not imposed by court order, that person, or the parent not relocated in connection with such protection, may bring an action in the district court of the district in which that parent not relocated resides to obtain an order providing for custody or visitation, or both, of that child. In any such action, all the provisions of subsection (d) of this section shall apply. "(g) In any case in which an action under this section involves court orders from different States with respect to custody or visitation of the same child, the court shall resolve any conflicts by applying the rules of conflict of laws of the State in which the court is sitting. "(h)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the costs of any action described in subsection (d), (e), or (f) of this section shall be paid by the United States. "(2) The Attorney General shall insure that any State court order in effect to which this section applies and any district court order in

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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1002

 98 STAT. 2162

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

effect which is issued under this section are carried out. The Department of Justice shall pay all costs and fees described in subsections (c) and (d) of this section. "(i) As used in this section, the term 'parent' includes any person who stands in the place of a parent by law. 18 USC 3525.

Report.

Appropriations authorization.

Ante, p. 1987.

Claims. 18 USC 3526.

Contracts.

"§ 3525. Victims Compensation Fund "(a) The Attorney General may pay restitution to, or in the case of death, compensation for the death of any victim of a crime that causes or threatens death or serious bodily injury and that is committed by any person during a period in which that person is provided protection under this chapter. "(b) Not later than four months after the end of each fiscal year, the Attorney General shall transmit to the Congress a detailed report on payments made under this section for such year. "(c) There are authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year 1985 and for each fiscal year thereafter, $1,000,000 for payments under this section. "(d) The Attorney General shall establish guidelines and procedures for making payments under this section. The payments to victims under this section shall be made for the types of expenses provided for in section 3579(b) of this title, except that in the case of the death of the victim, an amount not to exceed $50,000 may be paid to the victim's estate. No payment may be made under this section to a victim unless the victim has sought restitution and compensation provided under Federal or State law or by civil action. Such payments may be made only to the extent the victim, or the victim's estate, has not otherwise received restitution and compensation, including insurance payments, for the crime involved. Payments may be made under this section to victims of crimes occurring on or after the date of the enactment of this chapter. In the case of a crime occurring before the date of the enactment of this chapter, a payment may be made under this section only in the case of the death of the victim, and then only in an amount not exceeding $25,000, and such a payment may be made notwithstanding the requirements of the third sentence of this subsection. "(e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to create a cause of action against the United States. "§ 3526. Cooperation of other Federal agencies and State governments; reimbursement of expenses "(a) Each Federal agency shall cooperate with the Attorney General in carrying out the provisions of this chapter and may provide, on a reimbursable basis, such personnel and services as the Attorney General may request in carrying out those provisions. "(b) In any case in which a State government requests the Attorney General to provide protection to any person under this chapter— "(1) the Attorney General may enter into an agreement with that State government in which that government agrees to reimburse the United States for expenses incurred in providing protection to that person under this chapter; and "(2) the Attorney General shall enter into an agreement with that State government in which that government agrees to cooperate with the Attorney General in carrying out the provisions of this chapter with respect to all persons.

�


text: Author:Walter Brewster Platt

title: Author:Walter Brewster Platt


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1003

 PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

98 STAT. 2163

"§ 3527. Additional authority of Attorney General "The Attorney General may enter into such contracts or other agreements as may be necessary to carry out this chapter. Any such contract or agreement which would result in the United States being obligated to make outlays may be entered into only to the extent and in such amount as may be provided in advance in an appropriation Act.

Contracts. 18 USC 3527.

"§ 3528. Definition "For purposes of this chapter, the term 'State' means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States.". SEC. 1209. (a) The table of chapters for part II of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to chapter 223 the following new item:

18 USC 3528.

"224. Protection of witnesses

3521".

(b) Title V of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 933) is repealed. SEC. 1210. This subpart and the amendments made by this subpart shall take effect on October 1, 1984. Subpart B

Repeal. 18 USC note prec. 3481. Effective date. 18 USC 3521 note.

SEC. 1211. (a) Chapter 37 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section: "§ 576. Remployment rights "(a) A United States marshal for a judicial district who was appointed from a position in the competitive service (as defined in section 2102 of title 5) in the United States Marshals Service and who, for reasons other than misconduct, neglect of duty, or malfeasance, is removed from such office, is entitled to be reemployed in any vacant position in the competitive service in the United States Marshals Service at the same grade or pay level, or lower, as the individual's former position if— "(1) the individual is qualified for the vacant position; and "(2) the individual has made application for the position not later than ninety days after being removed from office as a United States marshal. Such individual shall be so reemployed within thirty days after making such application or after being removed from office, whichever is later. An individual denied reemployment under this section in a position because the individual is not qualified for that position may appeal that denial to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701 of title 5. (b) Any United States marshal serving on the effective date of this section shall continue to serve for the remainder of the term for which such marshal was appointed, unless sooner removed by the President.". (c) The table of sections for chapter 37 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

28 USC 576.

5 USC 2102.

President of U.S.

"576. Remployment rights.".

SEC. 1212. The amendments made by this subpart shall take effect on October 1, 1984.

Effective date. 28 USC 576 note.

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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1004

 98 STAT. 2164

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984 PART G—18 U.S.C. 951 AMENDMENTS

Regulations.

i

SEC. 1209. Section 951 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by(1) striking out "Secretary of State" and inserting in lieu thereof "Attorney General if required in subsection (b)"; (2) inserting "(a)" before "Whoever" and adding at the end of such subsection the following new subsections: "(b) The Attorney General shall promulgate rules and regulations establishing requirements for notification. "(c) The Attorney General shall, upon receipt, promptly transmit one copy of each notification statement filed under this section to the Secretary of State for such comment and use as the Secretary of State may determine to be appropriate from the point of view of the foreign relations of the United States. Failure of the Attorney General to do so shall not be a bar to prosecution under this section. "(d) For purposes of this section, the term 'agent of a foreign government' means an individual who agrees to operate within the United States subject to the direction or control of a foreign government or official, except that such term does not include— "(1) a duly accredited diplomatic or consular officer of a foreign government, who is so recognized by the Department of State; "(2) any officially and publicly acknowledged and sponsored official or representative of a foreign government; "(3) any officially and publicly acknowledged and sponsored member of the staff of, or employee of, an officer, official, or representative described in paragraph (1) or (2), who is not a United States citizen; or "(4) any person engaged in a legal commercial transaction.". PART H—JURISDICTION OVER CRIMES BY UNITED STATES NATIONALS IN PLACES OUTSIDE THE JURISDICTION OF ANY NATION

SEC. 1210. Section 7 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding a new paragraph, as follows: "(7) Any place outside the jurisdiction of any nation with respect to an offense by or against a national of the United States.". PART I—DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE INTERNAL OPERATIONS GUIDELINES Report.

SEC. 1211. The Attorney General shall, not later than twelve months after the date of enactment of this Act, provide a detailed report to the Congress concerning— (1) the extent to which internal operating guidelines promulgated by the Attorney General for the direction of the investigative and prosecutorial activities of the Department of Justice have been relied upon by criminal defendants in courts of the United States as the basis for due process challenges to indictment and prosecution by law enforcement authorities of crimes prohibited by Federal statute; (2) the extent to which courts of the United States have sustained challenges based upon such guidelines in cases wherein it has been alleged that Federal investigative agents or prosecutorial personnel have failed to comply with the requirements of such internal operating guidelines, and the extent and

�


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1005

 PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

98 STAT. 2165

nature of such failures to comply as the courts of the United States have found to exist; (3) the remedial measures taken by the Attorney General to ensure the minimization of such violations of internal operating guidelines by the investigative or prosecutorial personnel of the Department of Justice; and (4) the advisability of the enactment of legislation that would prohibit criminal defendants in the courts of the United States from relying upon such violations as grounds for the dismissal of indictments, suppression of evidence, or the vacation of judgments of conviction. PART J—NOTICE ON SOCIAL SECURITY CHECKS

SEC. 1212. (a) The Secretary of the Treasury shall take such steps as may be necessary to provide that all checks issued for payment of benefits under title II of the Social Security Act, and the envelopes in which such checks are mailed, contain a printed notice that the commission of forgery in conjunction with the cashing or attempted cashing of such checks constitutes a violation of Federal law. Such notice shall also state the maximum penalties for forgery under the applicable provisions of title 18 of the United States Code. (b) Subsection (a) shall apply with respect to checks issued for months after the ninth month after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Crimes and misdemeanors. 42 USC 1302 note. 42 USC 401.

Effective date.

PART K—FOREIGN EVIDENCE

SEC. 1217. (a) Chapter 223 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new sections: "§ 3505. Foreign records of regularly conducted activity "(a)(1) In a criminal proceeding in a court of the United States, a foreign record of regularly conducted activity, or a copy of such record, shall not be excluded as evidence by the hearsay rule if a foreign certification attests that— "(A) such record was made, at or near the time of the occurrence of the matters set forth, by (or from information transmitted by) a person with knowledge of those matters; "(B) such record was kept in the course of a regularly conducted business activity; "(C) the business activity made such a record as a regular practice; and "(D) if such record is not the original, such record is a duplicate of the original; unless the source of information or the method or circumstances of preparation indicate lack of trustworthiness. "(2) A foreign certification under this section shall authenticate such record or duplicate. "(b) At the arraignment or as soon after the arraignment as practicable, a party intending to offer in evidence under this section a foreign record of regularly conducted activity shall provide written notice of that intention to each other party. A motion opposing admission in evidence of such record shall be made by the opposing party and determined by the court before trial. Failure by a party to file such motion before trial shall constitute a waiver of objection to such record or duplicate, but the court for cause shown may grant relief from the waiver.

18 USC 3505.

Waiver.

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 98 STAT. 2166

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984 "(c) As used in this section, the term— "(1) 'foreign record of regularly conducted activity' means a memorandum, report, record, or data compilation, in any form, of acts, events, conditions, opinions, or diagnoses, maintained in a foreign country; "(2) 'foreign certification' means a written declaration made and signed in a foreign country by the custodian of a foreign record of regularly conducted activity or another qualified person that, if falsely made, would subject the maker to criminal penalty under the laws of that country; and "(3) 'business' includes business, institution, association, profession, occupation, and calling of every kind, whether or not conducted for profit.

18 USC 3506.

18 USC app.

18 USC 3507.

Prohibition.

18 USC app.

"§ 3506. Service of papers filed in opposition to official request by United States to foreign government for criminal evidence "(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, any national or resident of the United States who submits, or causes to be submitted, a pleading or other document to a court or other authority in a foreign country in opposition to an official request for evidence of an offense shall serve such pleading or other document on the Attorney General at the time such pleading or other document is submitted. "(b) Any person who is a party to a criminal proceeding in a court of the United States who submits, or causes to be submitted, a pleading or other document to a court or other authority in a foreign country in opposition to an official request for evidence of an offense that is a subject of such proceeding shall serve such pleading or other document on the appropriate attorney for the Government, pursuant to the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, at the time such pleading or other document is submitted. "(c) As used in this section, the term 'official request' means a letter rogatory, a request under a treaty or convention, or any other request for evidence made by a court of the United States or an authority of the United States having criminal law enforcement responsibility, to a court or other authority of a foreign country. "§ 3507. Special master at foreign deposition "Upon application of a party to a criminal case, a United States district court before which the case is pending may, to the extent permitted by a foreign country, appoint a special master to carry out at a deposition taken in that country such duties as the court may direct, including presiding at the deposition or serving as an advisor on questions of United States law. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a special master appointed under this section shall not decide questions of privilege under foreign law. The refusal of a court to appoint a special master under this section, or of the foreign country to permit a special master appointed under this section to carry out a duty at a deposition in that country, shall not affect the admissibility in evidence of a deposition taken under the provisions of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.". (b) The table of sections for chapter 223 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new items: "3505. Foreign records of regularly conducted activity. "3506. Service of papers filed in opposition to official request by United States to foreign government for criminal evidence. "3507. Special master at foreign deposition.".

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text: Author:James Henry Pooley

title: Author:James Henry Pooley


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1007

 PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

98 STAT. 2167

SEC. 1218. (a) Chapter 213 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section: "§ 3292. Suspension of limitations to permit United States to obtain foreign evidence "(a)(1) Upon application of the United States, filed before return of an indictment, indicating that evidence of an offense is in a foreign country, the district court before which a grand jury is impaneled to investigate the offense shall suspend the running of the statute of limitations for the offense if the court finds by a preponderance of the evidence that an official request has been made for such evidence and that it reasonably appears, or reasonably appeared at the time the request was made, that such evidence is, or was, in such foreign country. "(2) The court shall rule upon such application not later than thirty days after the filing of the application. "(b) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a period of suspension under this section shall begin on the date on which the official request is made and end on the date on which the foreign court or authority takes final action on the request. "(c) The total of all periods of suspension under this section with respect to an offense— "(1) shall not exceed three years; and "(2) shall not extend a period within which a criminal case must be initiated for more than six months if all foreign authorities take final action before such period would expire without regard to this section. "(d) As used in this section, the term 'official request' means a letter rogatory, a request under a treaty or convention, or any other request for evidence made by a court of the United States or an authority of the United States having criminal law enforcement responsibility, to a court or other authority of a foreign country.". (b) The table of sections for chapter 213 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding after the item relating to section 3291 the following new item: "3292. Suspension of limitations to permit United States to obtain evidence.".

18 USC 3292.

foreign

SEC. 1219. Subsection (h) of section 3161 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) in paragraph (8)(C), by striking out "paragraph (8)(A) of this subsection" and inserting in lieu thereof "subparagraph (A) of this paragraph"; and (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph: "(9) Any period of delay, not to exceed one year, ordered by a district court upon an application of a party and a finding by a preponderance of the evidence that an official request, as defined in section 3292 of this title, has been made for evidence Supra. of any such offense and that it reasonably appears, or rea. onably appeared at the time the request was made, that such evidence is, or was, in such foreign country.". SEC. 1220. This part and the amendments made by this part shall Effective date. take effect thirty days after the date of the enactment of this Act. 18 USC 3505 note.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1008

 98 STAT. 2168 National Narcotics Act of 1984. Drugs and drug abuse. Law enforcement. 21 USC 1201 note. 21 USC 1201.

National Drug Enforcement Policy Board, establishment. 21 USC 1202.

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984 CHAPTER XIII—NATIONAL NARCOTICS ACT

SEC. 1301. This chapter may be cited as the "National Narcotics Act of 1984". SEC. 1302. (a) The Congress hereby makes the following findings: (1) The flow of illegal narcotics into the United States is a major and growing problem. (2) The problem of illegal drug activity falls across the entire spectrum of Federal activities both nationally and internationaly. (3) Illegal drug trafficking is estimated by the General Accounting Office to be an $80,000,000,000 per annum industry in the United States. (4) The annual consumption of drugs has reached epidemic proportions. (5) Despite the efforts of the United States Government and other nations, the mechanisms for smuggling opium and other hard drugs into the United States remain virtually intact and United States agencies estimate that they are able to interdict no more than 5 to 15 percent of all hard drugs flowing into the country. (6) Such significant indicators of the drug problem as drugrelated deaths, emergency room visits, hospital admissions due to drug-related incidents, and addiction rates are soaring. (7) Increased drug trafficking is strongly linked to violent, addiction-related crime and recent studies have shown that over 90 percent of heroin users rely upon criminal activity as a means of income. (8) Much of the drug trafficking is handled by syndicates, a situation which results in increased violence and criminal activity because of the competitive struggle for control of the domestic drug market. (9) Controlling the supply of illicit drugs is a key to reducing the crime epidemic confronting every region of the country. (10) The magnitude and scope of the problem requires the establishment of a National Drug Enforcement Policy Board, chaired by the Attorney General, to facilitate coordination of all Federal efforts by relevant agencies. (11) Such a Board must have responsibility for coordinating the operations of Federal agencies involved in attacking this problem through the development of policy and resources, so that a unified and efficient effort can be undertaken. (b) It is the purpose of this Act to insure— (1) the maintenance of a national and international effort against illegal drugs; (2) that the activities of the Federal agencies involved are fully coordinated; and (3) that a single, competent, and responsible high-level Board of the United States Government, chaired by the Attorney General, will be charged with this responsibility of coordinating United States policy with respect to national and international drug law enforcement. SEC. 1303. There is established in the executive branch of the Government a Board to be known as the "National Drug Enforcement Policy Board" (hereinafter in this Act referred to as the "Board"). There shall be at the head of the Board a chairman who shall be the Attorney General (hereinafter in this Act referred to as

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98 STAT. 2169

the "Chairman"). In addition to the Chairman, the Board shall be comprised of the Secretaries of State, Treasury, Defense, Transportation, Health and Human Services, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the Director of Central Intelligence and such other officials as may be appointed by the President. Decisions made by the Board pursuant to section 4(a) of this Act shall be acknowledged by each member thereof in writing. SEC. 1304. (a) The Board shall facilitate coordination of United States operations and policy on illegal drug law enforcement. In the furtherance of that responsibility, the Board shall have the responsibility, and is authorized to— (1) review, evaluate and develop United States Government policy, strategy and resources with respect to illegal drug law enforcement efforts, including budgetary priorities and a National and International Drug Law Enforcement Strategy; (2) facilitate coordination of all United States Government efforts to halt national and international trafficking in illegal drugs; and (3) coordinate the collection and evaluation of information necessary to implement United States policy with respect to illegal drug law enforcement. (b) For the purpose of coordinating the activities of the several departments and agencies with responsibility for drug law enforcement and implementing the determinations of the Board, it shall be the duty of the Chairman— (1) to advise the Board in matters concerning drug law enforcement; (2) to make recommendations to the Board for the coordination of drug enforcement activities; (3) to correlate and evaluate intelligence and other information on drug law enforcement to support the activities of the Board; (4) to act as primary adviser to the President and Congress on national and international illegal drug law enforcement programs and policies developed by the Board under subsection (a) of this section and the implementation thereof; and (5) to perform such other duties as the President may direct. (c) In carrying out responsibilities under this section, the Chairman, on behalf of the Board, is authorized to— (1) direct, with the concurrence of the head of the agency employing such personnel, the assignment of Government personnel within the United States Government in order to implement United States policy with respect to illegal drug law enforcement; (2) provide guidance in the implementation and maintenance of policy, strategy, and resources developed under subsection (a) of this section; (3) review and approve the reprograming of funds relating to budgetary priorities developed under subsection (a) of this section; (4) procure temporary and intermittent services under section 3109(b) of title 5 of the United States Code, but at rates for individuals not to exceed the daily equivalent of the maximum annual rate of basic pay payable for the grade of GS-18 of the General Schedule; (5) accept and use donations of property from all Government agencies; and

Infra. 21 USC 1203.

5 USC 5332. Gifts and property.

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text:
Author:S. W. Powell

Articles in Popular Science Monthly

 * 1.

title: Author:S. W. Powell


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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1010

 98 STAT. 2170

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

(6) use the mails in the same manner as any other department or agency of the executive branch. Prohibition. (d) Notwithstanding the authority granted in this section, the Board and the Chairman shall not interfere with routine law enforcement or intelligence decisions of any agency and shall undertake no activity inconsistent with the authorities and responsibilities of the Director of Central Intelligence under the provisions of 50 USC 401 note. the National Security Act of 1947, as amended, or Executive Order 3 CFR, 1981 12333. Comp., p. 200. (e) The Administrator of the General Services Administration shall provide to the Board on a reimbursable basis such administrative support services as the Chairman may request. 21 USC 1204. SEC. 1305. The Chairman shall submit to the Congress, within nine months after enactment of this Act, and biannually thereafter, a full and complete report reflecting United States policy with respect to illegal drug law enforcement, plans proposed for the implementation of such policy, and, commencing with the submission of the second report, a full and complete report reflecting accomplishments with respect to the United States policy and plans theretofore submitted to the Congress. SEC. 1306. Title II of the Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Act (21 U.S.C. 1112) is amended by adding at the end 21 USC nil. of section 201 (21 U.S.C. 1111) a new subsection (d) as follows: Mail.

Health.

Effective date. 21 USC 1201 note. Victims of erime Act of 1984. 42 USC 10601 note.

"(d) SUPPORT TO NATIONAL DRUG ENFORCEMENT POLICY BOARD.—

One of the duties of the White House Office of Drug Abuse Policy shall be to insure coordination between the National Drug Enforcement Policy Board and the health issues associated with drug abuse.". SEC. 1307. This chapter and the amendments made by this chapter shall take effect January 20, 1985. CHAPTER XIV—VICTIM COMPENSATION AND ASSISTANCE SEC. 1401. This chapter may be cited as the "Victims of Crime Act of 1984". CRIME VICTIMS FUND

Establishment. 42 USC 10601.

SEC. 1402. (a) There is created in the Treasury a separate account to be known as the Crime Victims Fund (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the "Fund"). (b) Except as limited by subsection (c), there shall be deposited in the Fund— (1) all fines that are collected from persons convicted of offenses against the United States except— (A) fines available for use by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to— (i) section 11(d) of the Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1540(d)); and (ii) section 6(d) of the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981 (16 U.S.C. 3375(d)); and (B) fines to be paid into— (i) the railroad unemployment insurance account pursuant to the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act (45 U.S.C. 351 et seq.); (ii) the Postal Service Fund pursuant to sections 2601(a)(2) and 2003 of title 39 of the United States Code

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98 STAT. 2171

and for the purposes set forth in section 404(a)(8) of such title 39; (iii) the navigable waters revolving fund pursuant to section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321); and (iv) county public school funds pursuant to section 3613 of title 18 of the United States Code; (2) penalty assessments collected under section 3013 of title 18 of the United States Code; (3) the proceeds of forfeited appearance bonds, bail bonds, and collateral collected under section 3146 of title 18 of the United States Code; and (4) any money ordered to be paid into the Fund under section 3671(c)(2) of title 18 of the United States Code. (c)(1) If the total deposited in the Fund during a particular fiscal year reaches the sum of $100 million, the excess over that sum shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury and shall not be a part of the Fund. (2) No deposits shall be made in the Fund after September 30, 1988. (d)(1) Sums deposited in the Fund shall remain in the Fund and be available for expenditure under this subsection for grants under this title without fiscal year limitation. (2) Fifty percent of the total deposited in the Fund during a particular fiscal year shall be available for grants under section 1403 and fifty percent shall be available for grants under section 1404. (e) Any sums awarded as part of a grant under this chapter that remain unspent at the end of a fiscal year in which such grant is made may be expended for the purpose for which such grant is made at any time during the next succeeding fiscal year, at the end of which year any remaining unobligated sums shall be returned to the general fund of the Treasury. (f) As used in this section, the term "offenses against the United States" does not include— (1) a criminal violation of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (10 U.S.C. 801 et seq.); (2) an offense against the laws of the District of Columbia; and (3) an offense triable by an Indian tribal court or Court of Indian Offenses.

39 USC 404.

Ante, pp. 1987, 2005. Post, p. 2174.

Ante, pp. 1976, 1982. Ante, pp. 1987, post, p. 2175.

Grants.

Infra. Post, p. 2172. Grants.

CRIME VICTIM COMPENSATION

SEC. 1403. (a)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Attorney General shall make an annual grant from the Fund to an eligible crime victim compensation program of 35 percent of the amounts awarded during the preceding fiscal year, other than amounts awarded for property damage. A grant under this section shall be used by such program only for awards of compensation. (2) If the sums available in the Fund for grants under this section are insufficient to provide grants of 35 percent as provided in paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall make, from the sums available, a grant to each eligible crime victim compensation program so that all such programs receive the same percentage of the amounts awarded by such program during the preceding fiscal year, other than amounts awarded for property damage.

Grants. 42 USC 10602.

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 98 STAT. 2172 state and local governments.

State and local governments.

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

(b) A Crime victim compensation program is an eligible crime victim compensation program for the purposes of this section if— (1) such program is operated by a State and offers compensation to victims of crime and survivors of victims of crime for— (A) medical expenses attributable to a physical injury resulting from compensable crime, including expenses for mental health counseling and care; (B) loss of wages attributable to a physical injury resulting from a compensable crime; and (C) funeral expenses attributable to a death resulting from a compensable crime; (2) such program promotes victim cooperation with the reasonable requests of law enforcement authorities; (3) such State certifies that grants received under this section will not be used to supplant State funds otherwise available to provide crime victim compensation; (4) such program, as to compensable crimes occurring within the State, makes compensation awards to victims who are nonresidents of the State on the basis of the same criteria used to make awards to victims who are residents of such State; (5) such program provides compensation to victims of crimes occurring within such State that would be compensable crimes, but for the fact that such crimes are subject to Federal jurisdiction, on the same basis that such program provides compensation to victims of compensable crimes; and (6) such program provides such other information and assurances related to the purposes of this section as the Attorney General may reasonably require. (c) A State Crime victim compensation program in effect on the date grants may first be made under this section shall be deemed an eligible crime victim compensation program for the purposes of this section until the day after the close of the first regular session of the legislature of that State that begins after such date. (d) As used in this section— (1) the term "property damage" does not include damage to prosthetic devices or dental devices; (2) the term "medical expenses" includes, to the extent provided under the eligible crime victim compensation program, expenses for dental services and devices and prosthetic devices and for services rendered in accordance with a method of healing recognized by the law of the State; (3) the term "compensable crime" means a crime the victims of which are eligible for compensation under the eligible crime victim compensation program; and (4) the term "State" includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any other possession or territory of the United States. CRIME VICTIM ASSISTANCE

State and local governments. Grants. 42 USC 10603.

SEC. 1404. (a)(1) Subject to the availability of money in the Fund, the Attorney General shall make an annual grant from any portion Qf ^^g Fund not used for grants under section 1403 with respect to a particular fiscal year, and after any deduction under subsection (c), to the chief executive of each State for the financial support of eligible crime victim assistance programs. (2) Such chief executive shall—

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 PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

98 STAT. 2173

(A) certify that priority shall be given to eligible crime victim assistance programs providing assistance to victims of sexual assault, spousal abuse, or child abuse; (B) certify that funds awarded to eligible crime victim assistance programs will not be used to supplant State and local funds otherwise available for crime victim assistance; and (C) provide such other information and assurances related to the purposes of this section as the Attorney General may reasonably require. (3) The amounts of grants under paragraph (1) shall be— (A) $100,000 to each State; and (B) that portion of the then remaining available money to each State that results from a distribution among the States on the basis of each State's population in relation to the population of all States. (4) If the amount available for grants under paragraph (1) is insufficient to provide $100,000 to each State, the funds available shall be distributed equally among the States. (b)(1) A victim assistance program is an eligible crime victim assistance program for the purposes of this section if such program— (A) is operated by a public agency or a nonprofit organization, or a combination of such agencies or organizations or of both such agencies and organizations, and provides services to victims of crime; (B) demonstrates— (i) a record of providing effective services to victims of crime and financial support from sources other than the Fund; or (ii) substantial financial support from sources other than the Fund; (C) utilizes volunteers in providing such services, unless and to the extent the chief executive determines that compelling reasons exist to waive this requirement; (D) promotes within the community served coordinated public and private efforts to aid crime victims; and (E) assists potential recipients in seeking crime victim compensation benefits. (2) An eligible crime victim assistance program shall expend sums received under subsection (a) only for providing services to victims of crime. (c)(1) The Attorney General may in any fiscal year deduct from amounts available under section 1404 an amount not to exceed 5 percent of the amount in the Fund, and may expend the amount so deducted to provide services to victims of Federal crimes by the Department of Justice, or reimburse other instrumentalities of the Federal Government otherwise authorized to provide such services. (2) The Attorney General shall appoint or designate an official of the Department of Justice to be the Federal Crime Victim Assistance Administrator (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the "Federal Administrator") to exercise the responsibilities of the Attorney General under this subsection. (3) The Federal Administrator shall— (A) be responsible for monitoring compliance with guidelines for fair treatment of crime victims and witnesses issued under section 6 of the Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982 (Public Law 97-291);

18 USC 1501 note.

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 98 STAT. 2174

Contracts.

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

(B) consult with the heads of Federal law enforcement agencies that have responsibilities affecting victims of Federal crimes; (C) coordinate victim services provided by the Federal Government with victim services offered by other public agencies and nonprofit organizations; and (D) perform such other functions related to the purposes of this title as the Attorney General may aissign. (4) The Attorney General may reimburse other instrumentalities of the Federal Government and contract for the performance of functions authorized under this subsection, (d) As used in this section— (1) the term "State" includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and, except for the purposes of paragraphs (3)(A) and (4) of subsection (a) of this section, any other territory or possession of the United States; and (2) the term "services to victims of crime" includes— (A) crises intervention services; (B) providing, in an emergency, transportation to court, short-term child care services, and temporary housing and security measures; (C) assistance in participating in criminal justice proceedings; and (D) payment of all reasonable costs for a forensic medical examination of a crime victim, to the extent that such costs are otherwise not reimbursed or paid; (3) the term "services to victims of Federal crime" means services to victims of crime with respect to Federal crime, and includes— (A) training of law enforcement personnel in the delivery of services to victims of Federal crime; (B) preparation, publication, and distribution of informational materials— (i) setting forth services offered to victims of crime; and (ii) concerning services to victims of Federal crime for use by Federal law enforcement personnel; and (C) salaries of personnel who provide services to victims of crime, to the extent that such personnel provide such services; (4) the term "crises intervention services" means counseling to provide emotional support in crises arising from the occurrence of crime; and (5) the term "chief executive" includes a person designated by a chief executive to perform the functions of the chief executive under this section. PENALTY ASSESSMENT

SEC. 1405. (a) Chapter 201 of title 18 of the United States Code is amended by adding at the end the following: 18 USC 3013.

"§ 3013. Special assessment on convicted persons "(a) The court shall assess on any person convicted of an offense against the United States— "(1) in the case of a misdemeanor—

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text: Author:Michael August Friedrich Prestel

title: Author:Michael August Friedrich Prestel


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1015

 PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

98 STAT. 2175

"(A) the amount of $25 if the defendant is an individual; and "(B) the amount of $100 if the defendant is a person other than an individual; and "(2) in the case of a felony— "(A) the amount of $50 if the defendant is an individual; and "(B) the amount of $200 if the defendant is a person other than an individual. "(b) Such amount so assessed shall be collected in the manner that fines are collected in criminal cases.". (b) The table of sections for chapter 201 of title 18 of the United States Code is amended by adding at the end the following: "3013. Special assessment on convicted persons.". SPECIAL FORFEITURE OF COLLATERAL PROFITS OF CRIME

SEC. 1406. (a) Title 18 of the United States Code is amended by adding after chapter 231 the following:

"CHAPTER 232—SPECIAL FORFEITURE OF COLLATERAL PROFITS OF CRIME "Car,

"3671. Order of special forfeiture. "3672. Notice to victims of order of special forfeiture.

"§ 3671. Order of special forfeiture "(a) Upon the motion of the United States attorney made at any time after conviction of a defendant for an offense against the United States resulting in physical harm to an individual, and after notice to any interested party, the court shall, if the court determines that the interest of justice or an order of restitution under chapter 227 or 231 of this title so requires, order such defendant to forfeit all or any part of proceeds received or to be received by that defendant, or a transferee of that defendant, from a contract relating to a depiction of such crime in a movie, book, newspaper, magazine, radio or television production, or live entertainment of any kind, or an expression of that defendant's thoughts, opinions, or emotions regarding such crime. "(b) An order issued under subsection (a) of this section shall require that the person with whom the defendant contracts pay to the Attorney General any proceeds due the defendant under such contract. "(c)(1) Proceeds paid to the Attorney General under this section shall be retained in escrow in the Crime Victims Fund in the Treasury by the Attorney General for five years after the date of an order under this section, but during that five year period may— "(A) be levied upon to satisfy— "(i) a money judgment rendered by a United States district court in favor of a victim of an offense for which such defendant has been convicted, or a legal representative of such victim; and "(ii) a fine imposed by a court of the United States; and "(B) if ordered by the court in the interest of justice, be used to—

18 USC 3671.

Ante, p. 1987.

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 98 STAT. 2176

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

"(i) satisfy a money judgment rendered in any court in favor of a victim of any offense for which such defendant has been convicted, or a legal representative of such victim; and "(ii) pay for legal representation of the defendant in matters arising from the offense for which such defendant has been convicted, but no more than 20 percent of the total proceeds may be so used. "(2) The court shall direct the disposition of all such proceeds in the possession of the Attorney General at the end of such five years and may require that all or any part of such proceeds be released from escrow and paid into the Crime Victims Fund in the Treasury. "(d) As used in this section, the term 'interested party' includes the defendant and any transferee of proceeds due the defendant under the contract, the person with whom the defendant has contracted, and any person physically harmed as a result of the offense for which the defendant has been convicted. 18 USC 3672.

"§ 3672. Notice to victims of order of special forfeiture "The United States attorney shall, within thirty days after the imposition of an order under this chapter and at such other times as the Attorney General may require, publish in a newspaper of general circulation in the district in which the offense for which a defendant was convicted occurred, a notice that states— "(1) the name of, and other identifying information about, the defendant; "(2) the offense for which the defendant was convicted; and "(3) that the court has ordered a special forfeiture of certain proceeds that may be used to satisfy a judgment obtained against the defendant by a victim of an offense for which the defendant has been convicted.". (b) The table of chapters for part II of title 18 of the United States Code is amended by adding after the item for chapter 231 the following: "232. Special forfeiture of collateral profits of crime.". ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS

Regulations. 42 USC 10604.

Records.

Audit.

SEC. 1407. (a) The Attorney General may establish such rules, regulations, guidelines, and procedures as are necessary to carry out any function of the Attorney General under this chapter and may delegate to any officer or employee of the Department of Justice any such function as the Attorney General deems appropriate. (b) Each recipient of sums under this chapter shall keep such records as the Attorney General shall prescribe, including records that fully disclose the amount and disposition by such recipient of such sums, the total cost of the undertaking for which such sums are used, and that portion of the cost of the undertaking supplied by other sources, and such other records as will facilitate an effective audit. (c) The Attorney General or any duly authorized representative of the Attorney General shall have access, for purpose of audit and examination, to any books, documents, papers, and records of the recipient of sums under this chapter that, in the opinion of the Attorney General or any duly authorized representative of

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 PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

98 STAT. 2177

the Attorney General, may be related to the expenditure of funds received under this chapter. (d) Except as otherwise provided by Federal law, no officer or employee of the Federal Government, and no recipient of sums under this chapter, shall use or reveal any research or statistical information furnished under this chapter by any person and identifiable to any specific private person for any purpose other than the purpose for which such information was obtained in accordance with this chapter. Such information, and any copy of such information, shall be immune from legal process and shall not, without the consent of the person furnishing such information, be admitted as evidence or used for any purpose in any action, suit, or other judicial, legislative, or administrative proceeding. (e) No person shall on the ground of race, color, religion, national origin, handicap, or sex be excluded from participation in, denied the benefits of, subjected to discrimination under, or denied employment in connection with, any undertaking funded in whole or in part with sums made available under this chapter. (f) If, after reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing on the record, the Attorney General finds that a State has failed to comply substantially with any provision of this chapter or a rule, regulation, guideline, or procedure issued under this chapter, or an application submitted in accordance with this chapter or the provisions of any other applicable law, the Attorney General shall— (1) terminate payments to such State; (2) suspend payments to such State until the Attorney General is satisfied that such noncompliance has ended; or (3) take such other action as the Attorney General deems appropriate. (h) The Attorney General shall, no later than December 31, 1987, report to the President and to the Congress on the revenue derived from each source described in section 1302 and on the effectiveness of the activities supported under this chapter. The Attorney General may include in such report recommendations for legislation to improve this chapter.

Confidentiality,

Discrimination, prohibition.

State and local governments.

Report, Ante, p. 2168.

PAROLE PROCEEDING AMENDMENTS

SEC. 1408. (a) Section 4207 of title 18 of the United States Code is amended— (1) by striking out "and" at the end of paragraph (4); and (2) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following new paragraph: "(5) a statement, which may be presented orally or otherwise, by any victim of the offense for which the prisoner is imprisoned about the financial, social, psychological, and emotional harm done to, or loss suffered by such victim; and". (b) Section 6(a) of the Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982 is amended— (1) in the catchline of paragraph (4), by striking out "Major"; (2) in paragraph (4), by striking out "if possible, of judicial proceedings relating to their case, including—" and inserting in lieu thereof "if possible, of^"; and (3) in subparagraph (D) of paragraph (4)— (A) by inserting "and punishment" after "prosecution"; and

Ante, pp. 2027, 2032.

18 USC 1512 note.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1018

 98 STAT. 2178

Ante, pp. 2027, 2032.

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

(B) by inserting "a hearing to determine a parole release date and" after "imposed,". (c) Section 4215 of title 18 of the United States Code is amended— (1) so that the heading of such section reads as follows: "§ 4215. Appeal"; (2) in subsection (a)— (A) in the first sentence— (i) by striking out "have the decision reconsidered" and inserting in lieu thereof "appeal such decision"; and (ii) by striking out "regional commissioner" and inserting in lieu thereof "National Appeal Board"; and (B) by striking out the second sentence; and (3) in subsection (b), by striking out the first sentence. (d) The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 311 of title 18 of the United States Code is amended so that the item relating to section 4215 reads as follows: "4215. Appeal.". EFFECTIVE DATES

42 USC 10601 note.

SEC. 1409. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), this chapter and the amendments made by this chapter shall take effect thirty days after the date of enactment of this joint resolution. (b) Sections 1402, 1403, 1404, and 1407 of this chapter shall take effect on October 1, 1984. CONFORMING AMENDMENT

18 USC 3150a.

SEC. 1410. Section 3150(a) of title 18 U.S.C. is amended by striking out "the general fund of.

Trademark Counterfeiting Act of 1984. 18 USC 2311 note.

CHAPTER XV—TRADEMARK COUNTERFEITING SEC. 1501. This chapter may be cited as the "Trademark Counterfeiting Act of 1984". TITLE 18 AMENDMENT

Penalties. Post, p. 2770. 18 USC 2320.

SEC. 1502. (a) Chapter 113 of title 18 of the United States Code is amended by adding at the end the following: "§ 2320. Trafficking in counterfeit goods or services "(a) Whoever intentionally traffics or attempts to traffic in goods or services and knowingly uses a counterfeit mark on or in connection with such goods or services shall, if an individual, be fined not more than $250,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both, and, if a person other than an individual, be fined not more than $1,000,000. In the case of an offense by a person under this section that occurs after that person is convicted of another offense under this section, the person convicted, if an individual, shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than fifteen years, or both, and if other than an individual, shall be fined not more than $5,000,000. "(b) Upon a determination by a preponderance of the evidence that any articles in the possession of a defendant in a prosecution under this section bear counterfeit marks, the United States may obtain an order for the destruction of such articles.

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text: Author:George Junkin Preston

title: Author:George Junkin Preston


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1019

 PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

98 STAT. 2179

"(c) All defenses, affirmative defenses, and limitations on remedies that would be applicable in an action under the Lanham Act shall be applicable in a prosecution under this section. In a prosecution under this section, the defendant shall have the burden of proof, by a preponderance of the evidence, of any such affirmative defense. "(d) For the purposes of this section— "(1) the term 'counterfeit mark' means— "(A) a spurious mark— "(i) that is used in connection with trafficking in goods or services; "(ii) that is identical with, or substantially indistinguishable from, a mark registered for those goods or services on the principal register in the United States Patent and Trademark Office and in use, whether or not the defendant knew such mark was so registered; and "(iii) the use of which is likely to cause confusion, to cause mistake, or to deceive; or "(B) a spurious designation that is identical with, or substantially indistinguishable from, a designation as to which the remedies of the Lanham Act are made available by reason of section 110 of the Olympic Charter Act; but such term does not include any mark or designation used in connection with goods or services of which the manufacturer or producer was, at the time of the manufacture or production in question authorized to use the mark or designation for the type of goods or services so manufactured or produced, by the holder of the right to use such mark or designation; "(2) the term 'traffic' means transport, transfer, or otherwise dispose of, to another, as consideration for anything of value, or make or obtain control of with intent ao Lu transport, transfer, or dispose of; "(3) the term 'Lanham Act' means the Act entitled 'An Act to provide for the registration and protection of trademarks used in commerce, to carry out the provisions of certain international conventions, and for other purposes', approved July 5, 1946 (15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq.); and "(4) the term 'Olympic Charter Act' means the Act entitled 'An Act to incorporate the United States Olympic Association', approved September 21, 1950 (36 U.S.C. 371 et seq.).". (b) The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 113 of title 18 of the United States Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item: "2320. Trafficking in counterfeit goods or services.". LANHAM ACT AMENDMENT

SEC. 1503. The Act entitled "An Act to provide for the registration and protection of trademarks used in commerce, to carry out the provisions of certain international conventions, and for other purposes", approved July 5, 1946 (15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq.) is amended— (1) in section 34 (15 U.S.C. 1116)— (A) by designating the first paragraph as subsection (a); (B) by designating the second paragraph as subsection (b);

15 USC 1051 "o^e. ^

36 USC 380.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1020

 98 STAT. 2180

Law enforcement.

Claims.

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

(C) by designating the third paragraph as subsection (c); and (D) by adding at the end the following: "(d)(1)(A) In the case of a civil action arising under section 32(l)(a) of this Act (15 U.S.C. 1114) or section 110 of the Act entitled 'An Act to incorporate the United States Olympic Association', approved September 21, 1950 (36 U.S.C. 380) with respect to a violation that consists of using a counterfeit mark in connection with the sale, offering for sale, or distribution of goods or services, the court may, upon ex parte application, grant an order under subsection (a) of this section pursuant to this subsection providing for the seizure of goods and counterfeit marks involved in such violation and the means of making such marks, and records documenting the manufacture, sale, or receipt of things involved in such violation. "(B) As used in this subsection the term 'counterfeit mark' means— "(i) a counterfeit of a mark that is registered on the principal register in the United States Patent and Trademark Office for such goods or services sold, offered for sale, or distributed and that is in use, whether or not the person against whom relief is sought knew such mark was so registered; or "(ii) a spurious designation that is identical with, or substantially indistinguishable from, a designation as to which the remedies of this Act are made available by reason of section 110 of the Act entitled 'An Act to incorporate the United States Olympic Association', approved September 21, 1950 (36 U.S.C. 380); but such term does not include any mark or designation used in connection with goods or services of which the manufacture or producer was, at the time of the manufacture or production in question authorized to use the mark or designation for the type of goods or services so manufactured or produced, by the holder of the right to use such mark or designation. "(2) The court shall not receive an application under this subsection unless the applicant has given such notice of the application as is reasonable under the circumstances to the United States attorney for the judicial district in which such order is sought. Such attorney may participate in the proceedings arising under such application if such proceedings may affect evidence of an offense against the United States. The court may deny such application if the court determines that the public interest in a potential prosecution so requires. "(3) The application for an order under this subsection shall— "(A) be based on an affidavit or the verified complaint establishing facts sufficient to support the findings of fact and conclusions of law required for such order; and "(B) contain the additional information required by paragraph (5) of this subsection to be set forth in such order. "(4) The court shall not grant such an application unless— "(A) the person obtaining an order under this subsection provides the security determined adequate by the court for the payment of such damages as any person may be entitled to recover as a result of a wrongful seizure or wrongful attempted seizure under this subsection; and "(B) the court finds that it clearly appears from specific facts that—

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text: Author:Allen Pringle

title: Author:Allen Pringle


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1021

 PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984 "(i) an order other than an ex parte seizure order is not adequate to achieve the purposes of section 32 of this Act (15 U.S.C. 1114); "(ii) the appHcant has not publicized the requested seizure; "(iii) the appHcant is Hkely to succeed in showing that the person against whom seizure would be ordered used a counterfeit mark in connection with the sale, offering for sale, or distribution of goods or services; "(iv) an immediate and irreparable injury will occur if such seizure is not ordered; "(v) the matter to be seized will be located at the place identified in the application; "(vi) the harm to the applicant of denying the application outweighs the harm to the legitimate interests of the person against whom seizure would be ordered of granting the application; and "(vii) the person against whom seizure would be ordered, or persons acting in concert with such person, would destroy, move, hide, or otherwise make such matter inaccessible to the court, if the applicant were to proceed on notice to such person. "(5) An order under this subsection shall set forth— "(A) the findings of fact and conclusions of law required for the order; "(B) a particular description of the matter to be seized, and a description of each place at which such matter is to be seized; "(C) the time period, which shall end not later than seven days after the date on which such order is issued, during which the seizure is to be made; "(D) the amount of security required to be provided under this subsection; and "(E) a date for the hearing required under paragraph (10) of this subsection. "(6) The court shall take appropriate action to protect the person against whom an order under this subsection is directed from publicity, by or at the behest of the plaintiff, about such order and any seizure under such order. "(7) Any materials seized under this subsection shall be taken into the custody of the court. The court shall enter an appropriate protective order with respect to discovery by the applicant of any records that have been seized. The protective order shall provide for appropriate procedures to assure that confidential information contained in such records is not improperly disclosed to the applicant. "(8) An order under this subsection, together with the supporting documents, shall be sealed until the person against whom the order is directed has an opportunity to contest such order, except that any person against whom such order is issued shall have access to such order and supporting documents after the seizure has been carried out. "(9) The court shall order that a United States marshal or other law enforcement officer is to serve a copy of the order under this subsection and then is to carry out the seizure under such order. The court shall issue orders, when appropriate, to protect the defendant from undue damage from the disclosure of trade secrets or other confidential information during the course of the seizure, including, when appropriate, orders restricting the access of the applicant (or

STAT. 2181

Confidentiality.

Confidentiality.

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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1022

 98 STAT. 2182

28 USC app.

26 USC 6621.

Ante, p. 2179.

26 USC 6621.

Ante, p. 2179.

PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

any agent or employee of the applicant) to such secrets or information. "(10)(A) The court shall hold a hearing, unless waived by all the parties, on the date set by the court in the order of seizure. That date shall be not sooner than ten days after the order is issued and not later than fifteen days after the order is issued, unless the applicant for the order shows good cause for another date or unless the party against whom such order is directed consents to another date for such hearing. At such hearing the party obtaining the order shall have the burden to prove that the facts supporting findings of fact and conclusions of law necessary to support such order are still in effect. If that party fails to meet that burden, the seizure order shall be dissolved or modified appropriately. "(B) In connection with a hearing under this paragraph, the court may make such orders modifying the time limits for discovery under the Rules of Civil Procedure as may be necessary to prevent the frustration of the purposes of such hearing. "(11) A person who suffers damage by reason of a wrongful seizure under this subsection has a cause of action against the applicant for the order under which such seizure was made, and shall be entitled to recover such relief as may be appropriate, including damages for lost profits, cost of materials, loss of good will, and punitive damages in instances where the seizure was sought in bad faith, and, unless the court finds extenuating circumstances, to recover a reasonable attorney's fee. The court in its discretion may award prejudgment interest on relief recovered under this paragraph, at an annual interest rate established under section 6621 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, commencing on the date of service of the claimant's pleading setting forth the claim under this paragraph and ending on the date such recovery is granted, or for such shorter time as the court deems appropriate."; (2) in section 35 (15 U.S.C. 1117)— (A) by inserting "(a)" before "When"; and (B) by adding at the end the following new subsection: "(b) In assessing damages under subsection (a), the court shall, unless the court finds extenuating circumstances, enter judgment for three times such profits or damages, whichever is greater, together with a reasonable attorney's fee, in the case of any violation of section 32(l)(a) of this Act (15 U.S.C. 1114(l)(a)) or section 110 of the Act entitled 'An Act to incorporate the United States Olympic Association', approved September 21, 1950 (36 U.S.C. 380) that consists of intentionally using a mark or designation, knowing such mark or designation is a counterfeit mark (as defined in section 34(d) of this Act (15 U.S.C. 1116(d)), in connection with the sale, offering for sale, or distribution of goods or services. In such cases, the court may in its discretion award prejudgment interest on such amount at an annual interest rate established under section 6621 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, commencing on the date of the service of the claimant's pleadings setting forth the claim for such entry and ending on the date such entry is made, or for such shorter time as the court deems appropriate."; and (3) in section 36 (15 U.S.C. 1118), by adding at the end of such section "The party seeking an order under this section for destruction of articles seized under section 34(d) (15 U.S.C. 1116(d)) shall give ten days' notice to the United States attorney for the judicial district in which such order is sought (unless good cause is shown for lesser notice) and such United States

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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 2.djvu/1023

 PUBLIC LAW 98-473—OCT. 12, 1984

98 STAT. 2183

attorney may, if such destruction may affect evidence of an offense against the United States, seek a hearing on such destruction or participate in any hearing otherwise to be held with respect to such destruction.". CHAPTER XVI—CREDIT CARD FRAUD

Credit Card

SEC. 1601. This chapter may be cited as the "Credit Card Fraud Act of 1984". SEC. 1602. (a) Chapter 47 of title 18 of the United States Code is amended by adding at the end thereof the following: "§ 1029. Fraud and related activity in connection with access devices "(a) Whoever— "(1) knowingly and with intent to defraud produces, uses, or traffics in one or more counterfeit access devices; "(2) knowingly and with intent to defraud traffics in or uses one or more unauthorized access devices during any one-year period, and by such conduct obtains anything of value aggregating $1,000 or more during that period; "(3) knowingly and with intent to defraud possesses fifteen or more devices which are counterfeit or unauthorized access devices; or "(4) knowingly, and with intent to defraud, produces, traffics in, has control or custody of, or possesses device-making equipment; shall, if the offense affects interstate or foreign commerce, be punished as provided in subsection (c) of this section. "(b)(1) Whoever attempts to commit an offense under subsection (a) of this section shall be punished as provided in subsection (c) of this section. "(2) Whoever is a party to a conspiracy of two or more persons to commit an offense under subsection (a) of this section, if any of the parties engages in any conduct in furtherance of such offense, shall be fined an amount not greater than the amount provided as the maximum fine for such offense under subsection (c) of this section or imprisoned not longer than one-half the period provided as the maximum imprisonment for such offense under subsection (c) of this section, or both. "(c) The punishment for an offense under subsection (a) or (b)(1) of this section is— "(1) a fine of not more than the greater of $10,000 or twice the value obtained by the offense or imprisonment for not more than ten years, or both, in the case of an offense under subsection (a)(2) or (a)(3) of this section which does not occur after a conviction for another offense under either such subsection, or an attempt to commit an offense punishable under this paragraph; "(2) a fine of not more than the greater of $50,000 or twice the value obtained by the offense or imprisonment for not more than fifteen years, or both, in the case of an offense under subsection (a)(1) or (a)(4) of this section which does not occur after a conviction for another offense under either such subsection, or an attempt to commit an offense punishable under this paragraph; and

1984.s e 1001 18 u

Fraud Act of note.

Penalties. 18 USC 1029.

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