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88 1882 Alice, only child of Charles Hunt, Oakleigh Station, Canterbury, New Zealand.

OAXTEKT, John Jackson, I.S.O., Clerk of the Parliaments of New South Wales sinco 1871; o. at the Deanery, Manchester, Aug. 81, 1880, «. of the late Very Rev. Thomaa Calvert, D.D., formerly Dean of Manchester and Norrlsian Professor of Divinity, Cam- bridge, and Juliana, e. d. of Sir Charles Wai- son, Bart., who married Juliana Copley, sis- ter of the Marchioness of Abercom and Lady Manners; ed. Shrewsbury Sen. and Brasenose ColL Oxford. Arrived in Aust. 1853, entered the Colonial Secretary's office the same year. Clerk of Select Oomtes. Legislative Assembly 1856, first Clerk of Legislative Council 1859 and Clerk Asst. 1860. President of N.S.W. Rugby Football Union for thirty-two years. Sometime on the Council of the first Royal Agricultural Soc of N.S.W. Decorated 1904. m. Mary Murray, d. of late James Barker, of Sydney. Address— Maybanke, Manly; Parlt. House, Sydney.

CAMBRIDGE, Ada (Mrs. G. F. Cross), nove- list; o. St. Germains, Norfolk, Nov. 21, 1844, d. of Henry Cambridge, of Runcton, Norfolk, and his wife Thomasine, A. of Charles Emer- son, M.D. Resided in England until her mar- riage, and then accompanied her husband to Aust. Has lived at Williamstown, Vic, since 1898. Author of numerous works, including Up the Murray, My Guardian (1877), In Two Tears' Time (1879), Missed in the Crowd (1881), A Mere Chance (1882), Across the Grain (1882), A Marked Man (1891;, The Three Miss Kings (1891), Not All in Vain (1892), A Little Minx (1898), A Marriage Ceremony (1894), Fidelia (1895) A Humble Enterprise (1896), At Midnight (1897), Materfamilias (1898), Path and Goal (1900), The Devastators (1901), Thirty Years in Australia — autobiographical (1903), Sisters (1904), A Platonic Friendship (1905), and A Happy Marriage (1906). m. 1870, Rev. George Frederick Cross. Ad- dress — Holy Trinity Parsonage, Williams- town.

OAMBBXDOB, Walter Corrle, Editor of The Year Book of Australia; b. Sydney 1875. Address— 257 George St., Sydney.

OAJCEBOIT, Hon. Cyril St. Olalr, O.B., Lt.-Gol., A.D.O. to the Governor-General, offi- cer comdg. 12th A.L.H. Regt., Launceston; Senator for Tasmania; 5. Dec. 1867, «. of late Hon. Donald Cameron, M.L.O., of For- don, Lymington and Lowestoft, nr. Hobart. Served with 9th Lancers in Afghan war lb"$- 80 (present at the battle of Oaudahar, mecki xrith clasp and bronze decoration), command- ed first Tasmanian Contingent to 9. Africa* war 1899-1900 (present at actions of Colo- berg, Vet, and Zand Rivers, and Belfast: twice wounded, despatches, O.B., Queen'* medal with three clasps), commanded Com- monwealth Contingent to London at the O ronation of King Edward VIL He was n turned to the Senate of the first Common; wealth Parliament and sat until 1903, vu was again elected Tasmanian Senatol in December 1906. m. 1887 Margard Honywood, d. of late Gen. Sir W. t Hughes, K.C.B. Address— Fordon, Nile, Taj

CAMS&OW, Hon- fiwen KUffh, Gommia doner of Public Works and Minister c Public Health of Victoria since Feb. 1904 b, Inrerness-Bbire, Boot., in 1881, and arrive in Vic. in 1853. Started in Aust. as a buil der, and settled at Kangaroo Ground, whel he purchased land, and has been engaged grazing and agricultural pursuits. He bJ been a member of the Shire Council sin: 1868 (President for three terms), and md ber and Chairman of the Railways Standi Oomte. He was first elected M.L.A- ft Evelyn in 1874, and is now "father of d House." He was Minister for Mines aaj Water Supply in the Irvine Govt. 1902J Address — Department of Public Works, He]

CAMEBON, John, M.L.A. of Queenslan President of the United Pastoralists' Asa elation of Queensland and of the Pastoi Employers' Association of Central and Xi them Queensland; 6. British Guiana 1& arrived in Victoria in 1852, and ed. Scotch College and Geelong Grammar Scho In 1863, with his father and James a William Crombie, he travelled a mob mixed sheep to Central Queensland. 1 party purchased more sheep as they pi ceeded, and settled down at Barcaldine wi 8,000 head. Three years later Mr. Came: took the sheep overseership at Alice Dow Thence he went to Wilby (now part Mount Cornish and Aramac), which managed. In 1869 he Joined J. T. Allan, S. Mort, Herbert Garnett, and William l James Crombie in Barcaldine Home Crt Vergexnont, Minnie Downs, Enniskil Blrkhead, and Eversham. The partners was rearranged about 1877, the various perties being either sold or divided. Cameron and the Crombies, however, boj


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182 pointed first Bishop of (^ristchurch in May 1887 by Pope Leo XIII., and consecrated July 26 of that year. Residence— Christ- church, N.Z.

OBXMWAOB, Son. Frederic* ffflMppadrtU senior partner of Felton, Grimwade ft Co., Melbourne, wholsesale druggists and manufac- turers; b. Harleston, Norfolk, Eng., Nov. 10. 1840, t. of Edward Grimwade, Ipswich, ed. Queen Elisabeth's Gram. Sch. Ipswich. Arrived In Aust in 1862. M.L.O. of Vic. for N. Yarra Province 1801-1904 ; President of Mel- bourne Chamber of Commerce 1888-4, an*] member of the Tariff Commission 1882-4 Is Chairman of Directors of Royal Bank of Aust, Chairman of Melb. Glass Bottle Work*, Chairman of J. Bosisto ft Co. Ltd., and Di- rector of Cumins;, Smith ft Co. Is a member of the Chapter of 8t Paul's OathL and of the Diocesan Council, m, Jessie Taylor Bprunt Recreation* — Farming and country pursuits. Addreet— Flinders Lane, Melbourne.

•BOOM, Hon. Uttleton Brnest, M.A., LL.M., M.P. for Darling; Downs (Qland) in the Federal Parliament, Attorney-General of the Commonwealth; ft. Toowoomba, Apr. 22, 1867, $. of late Hon. W. H. Groom (who was for 40 years in Qland public life, was sometime Speaker, end also first member of the House of Representatives for Darling 1 Downs), ed. State Sch., Gram. Sch. Toowoomba (Kent gold medal and Caledo- nian 8oc. Prize), and Ormond Coll. Univ. of Melbourne (Scholarship in 1887 in French and German Languages and Literature with 1st class honours ; on graduating in Arts in 1889 Scholarship with 1st class honours in English, French, end German Languages, and Literature; Ormond Debating Soc Essay Prize; Scholarship in final law exam, with honours, LL.M. 1891). Elected to first House of Representatives for Darling Downs as sup- porter of Barton Govt. Sept. 1901, upon th» death of his father, re-elected 1908 and 1906, member of Royal Comns. on Iron Bonus (1902), and Navigation Bills (1904-5), Minister of Home Affairs in the Deakin Govt from July 1905 to Oct 1906, when he became Attorney-General. Be- veral times Crown Prosecutor, and twice see- ing Judge of District Court Qland, Secretary to University Extension movement Brisbane, lectured on constitutional law for several years, member of Bd. of Examiners for barris- ters, member of Ch. of Eng. Synod and Dio- cesan Council, and Vice-Pres. of Sch. of Arts Brisbane. Joint Editor of Q'lsnd Digest, first numbers of Australsaian Annual Digest, the Supreme Court Reports of Qland (five volumes), and Torrens Digest; assisted Mr. G. W. Power in editing the Real Property Acts Q'lsnd, and Joint author with Hon. Sir John Quick, M.P., of first book on High Court Practice— the Judicial Power of the Commonwealth, m. 1894, Jessie, d. of Rev. Charles Bell of Presbyterian Church.

GROSSMANN, Edith Searle (Mrs.), New Zealand authoress. Her Novel A Knight of  the Holy Ghost was published in 1907.

CrBTTBTOT, Surtaoe Beardoe, K.O.; b. Oheetham Hill, Manchester, Dec. 80, 1849, e. of Frederick Grundy, who was tor manv years a solicitor practising in Manchester, ed. Cheltenham Coll. Gloucester. Arrived in Aust 1874. President of the 8.A. Literary Societies* Union 1904, Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Freemasons of S.A. since 1908, previously sometime Grand Lec- turer. President of the Adelaide Park Land* Preservation League. Q.O. 1900. m. Lisi, s. d. of the late Sir Richard Davles Hanson, Knt, Chief Justice of SJL and first Chancel- lor of the University. Address — Grenfell St, Adelaide ; The Red House, Mill Terrace, N. Adelaide.

GTTOOKOIT, Walter Bdwnrd, O.M.G., Colonel, New Zealand Commissioner for the Cook group; b. 1842. Formerly Judge of Native Land Court, New Zealand, Commis- sioner of Police for the Colony, and Acting Under Secretary for Defence. He served In the Maori War from 1864 to 1870. Deco- rated in 1901.

crararoru, wminm mobcrt, f.l.&, Director of the Botanic Gardens at Melbourne, succeeded Baron 8ir Ferdinand too Mueller as Director in 1878 ; b. Chelsea, Eng.. Dec. 18, 1848, and ed. at Winchester and by an uncle, Louis Delafosse, and Stack's School Sydney, studied botany under the late Wil- liam Sharpe McLeay, John MacGfllivray, and Dr. Woolls. He arrived in Aust In 1858. He was botanist on board H.M.S. Challenger dur- ing a cruise in South Sea Islands In 1863, and afterwards was a sugar planter in Queensland. He has entirely remodelled the Melbourne Botanic Gardens snd added 39 acres since his appointment There are now 40 acres of spacious lawns of buffalo grass. He classified the plants (now 14,000 species)

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Rh for studenti of botany, established a museum of economic botany, a garden for medioal students, and a systematio collection of living plants arranged in their order and families. A large plantation of solely Australian plants was begun in 1878, and has been added to up to date. Publications include Australian Botany for use, of schools, First Book of Australian Botany, A.B.O. of Botany, and numerous pamphlets — Fibre Plants, Pictu- resque Parks and Oardens of Europe, Plants of the Ifelb. Botanic Gardens, Vegetation of the Tweed District N.S.W., Botany of the South Seas, and Shakespearian Botany. Ad- dress—Botanic Gardens, Melbourne.

&UIMMB8B, Sou. Arthur Bobcat, Speaker of the New Zealand Boons of Bep- resentatrres since June 1908; b. at Cal- cutta, India, January 11, 1846, a. of Frank Hart Viceesimus Guinness, nephew of the late Sir Arthur Guinness, Dublin. Arrived in New Zealand in August 1868, and erf. Christ's Oollege Grammar School, Christ- ehurch. Is a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealsnd, baring been admitted at Christchurch in May 1867. He was elected a member of Westiand Provin- cial Council In 1674, member of Grey County Council In 1877, and re-elected con- tinnoualy until 1881; appointed County Chairman at the first meeting of the County Council In 1877, and re-elected annually for eight yean; member of Greymouth Har- bour Board since 1884, and several times held office of Chairman of the Board. Enter- ing the House of Bepresentatives In July 1884 for Grey district he has sat for thin district ever since; from 1898 till 1008 he was Chairman of Committees, and elected Speaker In 1908 and again in 1906. m. 1878 at Greymouth Elisabeth Westbrook. Captain of Westiand cricket eleven tor many yean. Addr««— Greymouth, Westiand, N.Z.

Sdward John Daj v LS.O., Crown Solicitor of Victoria. Decorated 1908. Address — The Law Department, Melbourne.

•VUlTf, Kenxy, retired journalist; b South Devon, Eng., Jan. 80, 1887. Arrived in AusL In Apr. 1868, spent some time on goldnelds, and afterwards farming in Vic. Visited Eng. in June 1861, was sent by the late Edward Wilson, proprietor of The Argus, so the Argus office in 1868, and joined the reporting staff. Resided In Ceylon as tele- graphio repr e se nta tive of The Argus June 1869-June 1870, Sub-Editor of The Argue 1870-78, Editor of The Australasian 1878- 86, Associate Editor of the Sydney Dairy Telegraph Aug. 1886-June 1890, Associate Editor of Sydney Morning Herald June 1890- Feb. 1899, and Acting Editor of the Herald during the first Federal Referendum cam- paign in 1898, when his championship of the federal cause in the editorial chair of The Herald largely won the battle tor fede- ration. He visited England in 1899, and) on return retired from journalism. Editor temporarily of the Sydney Daily Telegraph) Aug. 1901-Feb. 1908, when he finally retired. President of the Shakspeare 8oclety of N.S.W. since 1964. at. Nov. 1878 Lucy Willie- (who died in 1900). Beereations— Literature and gardening. Residence— HindfeU, Wah- roonga, N.8.W.

GUNN, Jeannie (Mrs. Aeneas Gunn), author; 6. at Melbourne June 6, 1870. youngest d. of Thomas and the late Anna Taylor, g. d. of the late Bev. James Taylor and the late John Lush, erf. home tuition; passed matriculation at Melbourne Univer- sity In 1888, and from 1888 to 1901 waa a teacher in private schools in her native city. After her marriage she proceeded with her husband, A. J. Gunn, to the Northern Territory to the Eleey cattle station on the Boper River, 800 miles south from Port Darwin, and 170 miles from Pine Creek, the overland railway terminus. Her hue- band died at the station in March 1908, and she returned to Melbourne, where she resides. Her first literary work was Tae Utile Black Princess, published In 1905, dealing with life on the station, particu- larity the manners and customs of the Roper tribe. This has reached its third edition. m. Dec. 1901 Aeneas James Gunn, tod *. of the late Rev. Peter Gunn, first Gaelic min- ister in Melbourne. A. J. Gunn was well known in Melbourne as a writer of descrip- tive sketches from the Never Never country. Address— "Rolyat" Oreswick St., Hawthorn, Vic.

OimZVO, John, Editor of The Daily Telegraph, Launceston, since June 1896; ». Warminster, Wiltshire, Eng., Jan. 11, 1868,
 * . of James Gunning, erf. The British ScIk


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218 B.A. and B.Sc, 1891, M.A. with first class f honours 1892, D.Sc. 1900. Author of various scientific memoirs, and Geography of New Zealand (1905). m. 1900, Ruth Mary Dudley. ReoreatioM— Cricket, tennis, and mountaineering:. Addreu — Otago Uni- yersity, Dunedin.

EAU-KAXA, Cr. W. Xn, Director of Albert Street (Melbourne) Oonservatorium, and from 1891 to 1900 Ormond Professor of Music in the University of Melbourne. He resuscitated the Melbourne Orchestra, gave some of the best performances of Beethoven and Wagner and other masters ever heard in that city, and conducted the Melbourne Lie- dertafel for sometime. Is a composer, and has written poetry and dramas.

Bobert Mumphxay, M.D.; b. Penn, Staffordshire, Eng., Aug. 8, I860, s. of the late Henry Marten, O.E., of Great George St. Westminster and the Birches Codsall Staffordshire, ed. Mill Hill Sen., University OolL, and Hospital London, and Gonville and Caius OolL Cambridge (M.D., B.8.), M.R.C.S. Eng., L.R.C.P. London, Medallist in University College London in Surgery, Obstetrics, and Forensic Medicine. He was House Surgeon to University OolL Hospital London, Resident Medical Officer of Addenhooke's Hospital Cambridge, end House Surgeon to the Staffordshire General Hospital. He arrived in South Australia in 1888, was sometime on the surgical staff of Adelaide Hospital, and is Medical Officer to the Queen's Home Adelaide. Author of paper on Some of the Effects of Migration from the Northern to the Southern Hemi- sphere, read before the Anthropological Society of Cambridge, and of numerous me- dical and surgical papers in various medical publications. Fellow of the Royal Anthro- pological Society of Great Britain and Ire- land, and Fellow of the Royal Society ot Medicine, London, m A. F., d of the late T. F. Montdth, of Adelaide. Recreation* — Motoring and golf. Addrese — 12 North Terrace, Adelaide.

KTDT, diaries James, M.B., D.Sc, F.R.S., Fellow of King's College London, Director British Institute of Preventive Me- dicine, late Professor of Physiology in the University of Melbourne, appointed 1901, previously from 1897 Lecturer In Physio- logy at that University, and Demonstrator in Physiology m the University of 8ydney; b. London, 1866, and ed. King's College Lon- don, St. Thomas's Hospital, University of Leipzig. Exhibitioner, gold medal and Uni- versity Scholar in Physiology London. Ad- drees — British Institute of Preventive Medi- cine, Chelsea Gardens, London.

UAJiTZsT, David, I.S.O., Secretary of Public Works Victoria since May 1895, and now senior permanent head of the Victorian public service; b. OlonmeL Tipperary, Ire- land, June 1, 1841, and arrived in Vic Feb. 1855. He was appointed to the Depart- ment of Lands and Survey m 1859, Relieving; Officer and Inspector of Country Offices in 1874, and visiting Great Britain and the Continent in 1877 acquired knowledge re- lating to agriculture, viticulture, and forestry. He was Land Officer for the Wim- mera district 1878-81, transferred to the Agricultural Department in 1881, and shortly afterwards was appointed Secretary for Agriculture. He reorganized the Forest division, administered the Vines Diseases Acts, and was a member of the Council under the Agricultural College Act. In 1888 Parlt. granted £288,000 for the develop- ment of agriculture, and he was selected to administer the Act and the comprehensive duties embraced in the produce export trade. The Depts. of Agriculture and Public Works were eventually separated, and he retained the position of Secretary for Public Worka. In conjunction with the Hon. J. L. Dow when that gentleman was Minister of Agricul- ture he inaugurated the butter bonus system, which was largely responsible for placing dairy fanning in its present position. Deco- rated 1905. m. 1879, Julia Amherst Mary, e. d. of F. W. Stacey; eight children. Addreee— Public Works Office, Melbourne.

MARTIN, Mrs. Frederick (nee Catherine Edith Mackay), novelist; 6. Isle of Skye, and arrived in South Australia with her parents when a child. Early life spent in Narracoorte and Mount Gambler, but her literary tastes took her to Adelaide, where she was for sometime in the Education Dept. Author of An Australian Girl (pub- lished by Bentley in 1890) and The Silent Sea (published under the pen name of Mrs. Alick McLeod in 1892). Has written many tales and sketches for the Adelaide and Melbourne press, mostly Australian, and some reminiscent of extensive travel and observations on the Continent of Europe. Author of the Explorers and other Poems.


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Rh TOTTBBXDOZ, Walter Howard, O.B., Brevet Lt.-Ool., A.D.C. to the Governor- General, unattached list ; ft. 1856, a. of John Nicholas Tunbridge, served in S. African war 1900-1, commanded 8rd contingent Queens- land Mounted Infantry (mentioned in des- patches London Gazette Apr. 10, 1901, O.B., Queen 's m edal with five clasps).

TUBIpXT, Henry, Senator for Queensland; ft. Gloucester, Eng., Apr. 24, 1859, s. of Charles Turley, erf. Brixham, Devonshire. Arrived in Aust. in 1879. Was M.L.A. of QTand for Brisbane South 1893-1902 wilh a break of four months in 1899, and Home Se- cretary in the short-lived Dawson Ministry 1899. Elected to the Senate in the second Parlt. Dec. 1908. Addreee— Brisbane.

Wlinnru, Alexander Koisborgb, .*ew Zealand merchant and bibliophile; o. at Wellington, N.Z., Sept. 14, 1868, s. of Walter Turnbull (who arrived in the colony in 1857, was member of the Provin- cial Council at Wellington, and founded the firm of W. * G. Turnbull), and erf. at Dulwich College, England, and Paris. He is a partner in W. 6 G. Turnbull, Welling- ton, and is a well-known book collector. He possesses a notable Australasian collec- tion. Recreation — Yachting. Address— Eli- bank, Wellington, N.Z.

TURNER, Ethal (Mrs. H. R. Curlewis), novelist; ft. Doncaster, Yorkshire, Jan. 24, 1872, rf. of H. Turner, arrived in Austin 1881, and erf. Girls* High Sen. Sydney. She began to write in 1890. Author of numerous works, including Seven Little Australians (published in 1894), The Family at Misrule (1895), The Story of a Baby (1895), The Little Duchess (1896), The Little Larrikin (1896), Miss Bobbie (1897), The Camp at Wandinong (1898), Three Little Maids (1900), The Wonder Child (1901), Little Mother Meg (1902), Betty & Co. (1903), and Mother's Little Girl (1904). m. H. K. Curlewis, B.A., LL.B., barrister-at-law, 1896; two children. Address— Avenel, Mos- man's Bay, Sydney.

SrcnurSB, Trad, F.L.S. (Lond.), F.B.H.S. (Lond.), botanist ; ft. near Pontefract, York shire, Eng., Apr. 17, 1856, «. of Charles Turner, erf. privately and at Think and York. Arrived in Aust. in 1874. Was engaged at Govt. Botanic Gardens Brisbane 1874-9, Curator of the Queensland Ac- climatisation Society's Gardens, and Bo- tanist to the Department of Agriculture New South Wales, and is member of the Council of the Linnean Society of N.S.W. Awarded seven medals and four di- plomas for Australian and exotic economic botany, travelled more than 50,000 miles in Aust., and botaniscd largely in all the States of the Commonwealth. Was the first to popularise Australian economic botany by illustrations and descriptions in the public press, snd the first to make botanical surveys, denned by latitude and longitude, of important sections of Austra- lia. Is Author of numerous botanical and cognate works, many of which have been published under the authority of the Govern- ments of Queensland, New South Wales, and Western Australia. Much of his botanical work has been republished by Governments in other countries, m. Jane Isabella, rf. of John George, Elgin, Scotland; eldest daugh- ter, Annie Elizabeth, graduated B.A. with honours at Sydney Univ. Recreation*— Col- lecting botanical specimens. Address— 124 Womerah Avenue. Darlinghurst, Sydney.

TUBUS, MX. Hon. «r Oeorfa, K.C.M.G., LL.D., sometime Treasurer of the Commonwealth; ft. at Melbourne, August 8, 1851, e. of Alfred Turner, erf. Central School Melbourne and University. Is an attorney and solicitor of the Supremo Court of Yic. Was a member of St. Xilda City Council 1887-1900, and Mayor 1888, M.L.A. for St Kilda 1889-1901, Commis- sioner of Trade and Customs and Minister of Health 1891-2, and also Solicitor-General until 1898 in Munro and Shiels Govts., Pre- mier and Treasurer Sept. 1894-Deo. 1899, Minister for Defence 1894-5, and Premier, and Treasurer 1900-Feb. 1901, when he retired from the State Legislature to enter the Commonwealth Parlt. Took a prominent part in the movement for Austn. federal union, was member of the National Conven- tion which framed the Commonwealth Con- stitution 1897-8, delegate to the Federal Council of A'asia 1895-7, and President 1899. Returned to the first House of Representa- tives for Balaclava Mar. 1901, and re-elected Dec 1908, Treasurer in the first Federal Ministry Jan. 1901-Sept. 1908, and conti- nued in office until Apr. 1904; again Trea- surer 1904-5. VifUtixl Eng. as guest of the Imperial Govt, on the occasion of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in 1897, P.C.,


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Rh Arouloald, M.D. Oottingen and Paris, F.R.O.S. Eng., Surgeon, Elder Professor of Anatomy in the University of Adelaide since 1885 ; b. in the Riverina, Mew South Wales, 1849, *. of the late Sydney Grandison Watson, R.N., who was engaged in pastoral pursuits on the Upper Murray, and ed. Scotch College Melbourne, where he took all the Scripture prizes and wu a noted athlete. He was destined for the Church, but went to the Pacific Islands for sometime. Having decided to enter the me- dical profession he studied at Bonn, Gottin- flpen, and Paris under such notable masters as Henle, Krause, Meissner, von Bruno, Kohler, Weber, Sappey, Parabeuf, Charcot, and Broca. He passed through the London, Charing Croat, and Moorfleld Hospitals, and having taken his F.R.0.8. degree became Demonstrator of Anatomy at Charing Crow Medical School, where he was known as "good business Watson"— a tribute to his success as a coach in the Fellowship Ana- tomy. He studied the cholera in Egypt in 1888. He served in the South African war, and was Consulting Surgeon to the Natal Field Force, where he took Sir Frederick Trevee't place, and was associated at the front with Sir William Stokes, Sir Frederic* Treves, Sir AlexanderMacCormac, Sir Thomas Fitzgerald, and Professor Chiene. Unmarried. Address— The University, Adelaide.

WATBOY, Son. John Chxiatian, M.P. for South Sydney, first leader of Federal Parliamentary labour Party, and formerly Prime Minister of the Commonwealth; b. Valparaiso, Apr. 9, 1887, s. of George Thomas Watson, and ed. Public School Oamaru, New Zealand. He learnt the trade of a printer, and proceeding to Sydney in 1886 was a compositor in the daily news- paper offices. He was M.L.A. of New South Wales for Young 1894-1001, was on the Standing Committee on Public Works for three years, was returned to the Ilouee of Representatives in the first Commonwealth Parliament in 1901, and re-elected in 1908 and 1906. He first came into prominence as a labour leader when he acted as Chairman of the New South Wales Labour Conference which framed the famous pledge snd formed the solidarity Labour Party. He was President of the Trades and Labour Council of Sydney 1893-4, and President of the Austa. Labour Federation in 1896, and was Leader of the Federal Labour Party from 1901 until 1907, and Prime Minister and Treasurer of the Commonwealth April-August 1904. as. at Sydney, November, 1889, Ada Jane Low. Address — Parliament House, Melb.

WATSON. Kathleen, (Mrs. William Dear- den), novelist; b. in Leicestershire, Eng., Dec. 81, 1870, d. of Dr. David Watson of Torquay, and Muswell Hill, London, ed. chiefly in Paris and Dresden. Arrived in Australia in 1898. Author of Litanies of Life, and The Gaiety of Fatma, and contri- butor to English magizines. m. William Dearden, Eastern Manager for Millar's Karri and Jarrah Co. Address — Alma House, Adams St., South Yarra. Vic.

WATSOV, Tnomasj Ofunlm, C.M.G., Clerk of Legislative Assembly of Victoria since July 1902; b. St. Hilda, Melbourne, April 14, 1859, $. of Thomas Lauder Watson, and ed. Wesley College Melbourne. He wss in the Victn. Railway Dept. 1875-82, and has been an officer of the Victn. Parlt. since 1882. He was Secretary to the Railways Standing Comte. 1890-1902. He was General Secre- tary for the Commonwealth Celebrations Melbourne May 1901, and received an ad- dress of thanks from the citizens for conduct of the celebrations, also other addresies and presentations, and in 1904 an address trym the Speaker and members of last Victn. Parlt under the old Constitution, together with his portrait painted by 8ignor Brua. Author of "The First Fifty Tears of Re- sponsible Government in Victoria." On November 21 1906, he received the thanks of the House for "his valuable services in connection with the jubilee of the Victorian Parlt and the preparation of the education- al record presented to the House." Cr. C.M.G. 1907. m. April 10, 1888, Kathleen Florence, ted d. of John Hall, late Receiver and Paymas- ter, Melb. Recreations — Rowing, cycling, angling and riding. Address — "Conamore," Brighton Rd., St. Kilda.

WATT, John Alexander, D.S.O., Capt. unattached list, late 16th A.L.H. Regt. ; 6. 1859. Decorated for service with South Aus- tralian troops in S. Africa 1901-2.

WATT, Bev. Michael, M.A., D.D., Pro- fessor of Hebrew Church History and Testa- ment Exegesis in the Presbyterian Theologi-


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WHO IS WHO IN AUSTRALASIA. campaign 1899-1900 in command of N.8.W Lancers (despatches, D.S.O., medal with six clasps). AdoYsa?— Headqnarters, Melbourne.

LEE, Mrs. Harrison, (Bessie) Temper- ance evangelist; 6. at Daylesford, Victoria, June 10, I860, d. of Henry Vickery, of Ilfracombe, Devon. She has been engaged in temperance lecturing and organisation since 1888. In 1890 the was appointed Lec- turer to the Victorian Allisnoe, and subsequently World's mimionsry in connec- tion with the Women's Christian Tem- perance Union. Toured the whole of Aus- tralia, taken part in three New Zealand polls for no-licence holding on an average sixty meetings a month, has worked with leaders of reform in Greet Britain, and recently travelled the world on a temper- ance crusade. Australasian delegate to the World's W.G.T.U. Convention st Genera, in 1908. Appointed in Januarj 1900 to float the Australasian National Temperance League. Author of "One of Australia's Daughters,** "One of God's Lamplighters," and other publications and numerous tracts and papers, st. 1880 Harrison Lee. Ad- dreat— Temperance Hall, Melbourne.

&BBMB, Alexander, M.A., LL.D., War- den of Trinity College Melbourne University ; b. Dublin, June 8, 1848, «. of the late Rev. Canon Leeper, D.D., Incumbent of St Au- doen's Dublin, and Chaplain to the Lo*l- Lieutenant of Ireland, erf. Kingstown Sen. Dublin, Trinity ColL Dublin (Tice-Chancel tor's Prize, First Classical Scholarship, Ber- keley gold medal, Longford and De Vescl Exhibition, B.A. 1871), and St. John's ColL Oxford (1st class in Classical Moderations, an exhibitioner, scholar, and prizeman of his Coll, and proximo acceasit for Gaisford Prize in Greek Prose Composition). The degrees of M.A. and LL.D. were conferred by Dublin Univ., *Hp. eon. Arrived in Aust. In 1875, second Master of Church of Eng. Gram. Sen. Melbourne 1876, and Warden of Trinity Cell. since 1876. Is a Trustee of the Public Li- brary, member of the University Council, a member of the Teachers and Schools' Re- gistration Board, and a Lay Oanon of 8t Paul's OathL Melb. Has acted as Classical Examiner for the Univer- sities of Adelaide and New Zealand, and as chief examiner for the Tasmanian Council of Education. Author of a Translation of Juve- nal in Macmillan's Classical Library (second edition), and oontrflNSted to some of the,leed- ing classical Journals. Under his direction the first Latin play and the first Greek tragedy ever performed in Victoria were produced, and he also staged StraSori in 1896, said to be the only instance of ih» performance outside Eng. and America of s plsy of Robert Browning's. e». 1st Adeline Marian, e. d. of Sir George Wigram Allen, K.O.M.O., sometime Speaker of the Let;. Assy, of N.S.W.; 2nd, Mary Elizabeth, s. 4. of the late F. G. Moule, of Seacombe, Brigh- ton, ilrfdreat— Trinity College, Melbourne.

nVAOT, Xeary Vzwwtn, Archdeacon of Brisbane, and Sub-Dean of Brisbane Cathl. ; 6. Dublin April 1, 1870, *. of William R. Le Fanu Commissioner of Works, Ireland, and ed. at HaUeybury, and Keble College, Oxford (MJL, Oxon.). Chaplain to the Bishop of Rochester 1899, and Chaplain at Guy's Hospital, London 1902. Arrived in Australia in January 1905.

UBS, J. MapTonmlo, General Manager of the Bank of North Queensland Ltd. ; head office, Brisbane.

UBS, Samuel Bdward, Lord Mayor of Sydney 1908-4, and Mayor 1896 ; b. Sydney, 1848. Was M.L.A. for the Nepean 1887-96, M.L.O. 1896-8, and M.L.A. for Nepean 1898- 1901. Has represented Macquarie Ward in the City Council uninterruptedly since 1879, and been a member of Sydney Hospital Comte. for over 20 years, and President of the Nepean Hospital since its foundation. Addre ss— Ro slyn Avenue, Sydney.

UB-STBBmB, Ohiurles) taut*, Clerk of the Legislative Assembly Western Australia; 6. 1868, *. of late Sir James LeeStoere, for many years Speaker.

U7BOT, Son. Xeary Bruce* C.M.G.; 6. Perth, Mar. 24, 1864, s. «. of late Hoe, Anthony O'Grady Lefroy, C.M.G. (for some years Secretary to the Governor of Western Australia and 86 years Colonial Treasurer of the colony), ed. Rugby. Interested in pastoral properties inW.A. Elected M.L.A. of Western Australia for Moore in 1892, and sat for several years. Was Minister of Education in the Forrest Govt 1897-8, and Minister of Mines 1898-1901, when he was appointed Agent-General in Eng., which office he held until 1904. Delegate to the Federal Council of A'asia 1896 and 1897. Gazetted Honour- able 1901. Decorattd 1908. m. 1st, Rose


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288 trict until he wu elected to the Federal Parlt. in 1001. He was Govt. Whip to the Playford Govt. 1890-1 and to the Downer Govt 1898, Leader of the Opposition, and for a short period Premier and Treasurer 1899. He was a member of the Convention which framed the Commonwealth Constitu- tion 1897-8 and of the House of Representa- tives 1901-8, and has been M.H.A. for the Northern Territory ainee May 1905. Twice married. Address— Parliament House, Adel.

0OUTBB, David Henry, black-and-white artist and book illustrator; b. Aberdeen, Scotland, Mar. 80, 1862. Arrived in Aust. in 1886. Illustrated the first set of school- books printed in Australia (Brooks series), m. Feb. 1885, Janet, d. of D. Swanson, Hal- kirk, N.B. Recreations- Reading, painting, swimming, yachting. Address— Birrell St., Bondi, Sydney.

BOWDEJT, William John, Editor and part proprietor of The Register, The Obser- ver, and The Evening Journal newspapers, Adelaide; 5. Castlemaine, Victoria, Apr. 2d, 1858, and «. of Thomas Sowden, mine mana- ger. He entered the office of the Oostlemame Representative, and later that of the Mount Alexander Mail. After further literary expe- rience he joined the reporting staff of The Register in Feb. 1881, soon became chief of reporting and Hansard staffs, and in 1882 accompanfed a Parliamentary party to the Northern Territory. From 1882 to 1892 he contributed to The Register Echoes from the Smoking Room, which were critical humorous comments on Parliamentary pro- ceedings. He was appointed chief leader wri- ter in 1892, Acting Editor In 1897-8 during the absence of J. Harvey Finlayson in Eu- rope, and succeeded in 1899 as Editor, and also became part proprietor. Has been twice chief President of the S.A. Board of Direc- tors of the Australian Natives' Association (holding the record in Aust. as President for five years). He attended the A.N.A. federal conference of delegates at Mel- bourne in 1890, and was the first Chairman of the Federation League in S.A. He has been a member of the Board of Governors of the Public Library since 1894, and seve- ral years Chairman of the Institutes Com- mittee. Publications— The Northern Terri- tory As It Is (1882), and a number of pub- lications descriptive of his travels, m. Let!- tia, d. of Joseph Adams, of Melbourne. Recreations— Gardening cycling, collecting curios. Address— Kimono, Park Terrace, Eastwood, Adelaide.

SPENCE, Catherine Helen, authoress, literary writer, President of the Effective Voting League of South Australia and Vice- President of the National Council of Women; b. Melrose, Scotland, Oct 81, 1825, d. of David Spence, writer and banker, and Helen Brodie (descended from a long line of tenant farmers in East Lothian). Arrived in South Australia with her parents in Nov. 1833. Since 1859 the main object of her life has been Electoral Reform— the Hare-Spenee sys- tem of Proportional Representation cr Effective Voting— in which cause she has lectured throughout South Australia and in other States and delivered about a hundred lectures in U.3.A. and Canada. Also inte- rested herself in the children of the State; the movement made by Miss C. E. Clark in 1872 to take these out of institutions and place them in family homes was joined ny her, and after thirteen years 1 work on the Boarding Out Comte. she was appointed a member of the State Children's Council, with which she has been associated since 1SS6. Has been a member of the Destitute Board since 1896, sat on the Adelaide Hospital Commission in 1895, and is President of the Woman's Co-operative Clothing Factory. She held a commission from the S.A. Govt, in 1898 to enquire into Educational Constitu- tional and Electoral Laws, the management of Benevolent Institutions, and the question of Bimetallic currency, especially to ttks part in the Congresses held in Chicago in tint year. Has written extensively for the SJL press since 1878, more particularly The Re- gister, and contributed numerous articles to Fraser's Magazine, Cornhill, Harper's, Mel- bourne Review, Victorian Review, the Cen- tennial, and other magazines and journals, and Is Author of several works, including Clara Morieon (novel in 2 vols., 1854), Ten- der and True (2 vols., 1868), Mr. Hogarth's Will (8 vols., 1885), The Author's Daughter (8 vols., 1867), Gathered In (novel), and The Laws We Live Under, with some chap- ters on Elementary Political Economy and the Duties of Citizens (1 voL, published under the direction of the S.A. Education Dept. 1880). She lectured for many years on literary subjects, and has filled Unitarian


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Rh pulpits in Aust. and America. Waa a can- didate for the Federal Convention in 1897 on the one issue ol electoral reform, and received 7500 votes, which were insufficient for election. Recreation*— literature, knit- tins;, point lace, whist, cribbage, and patience. Addreee— Aveland Av., North Norwood, Adel.

FBV0B, Percy Frederick Beaton, artist; o. Balmain, N.S.W., 1868. His early life was spent in Fiji, where his father held a Government appointment. From 1898 <o 1905 he was in London, where he contri- buted to The Graphic, Illustrated London News, Punch, The Sphere, Harper's Maga- zine, Pall Mall Magazine, and other illua trated journals. He exhibited four jean at the Royal Academy (twice placed on the line). His portraits include those of Gene- ral Sir Andrew Clarke, James Nicol Dunne (hung in the Institute of Journalists), and Robert Louis Stevenson (purchased for the Nat ional Portrait Gallery London).

PBH0B, Hon. William Guthrie, M.P. for Darling (N.8.W.) since 1901, President of the Australian Workers' Union since 1S86 , b. Orkney, 1846. M.L.A. of N.S.W. for Cobar 1898-1901, when he was returned to the first House of Representatives, and re- elected 1903. Was Secretary and Organizer of Amalgamated Miners' Assn. for sixteen years. Addreee— Parli. House, Melbourne.

BPBJTOBB, Frederlok, I.S.O., late Auditor- General of Western Australia; b. Perth, W.A., Aug. 88, 1844, s. of the late Henry 8pencer. Entered the Treasury Dept of W.A. in 1861, served in the Public Works, Treasury, and Audit Depts., promoted to position of Chief Clerk and Examiner of Ac- counts in 1879, and became the first Auditor- General under responsible Government in 1891, retired in 1904. Decorated Nov. 1903. m. Oct 4, 1866, Madeline, «. d. of Edward Godfrey Bartlett, of Guildford, W.A.; two sons and two daughters; 2nd, Hannah, y. d. of John MacMahon, of Auckland, N.Z. Re- creation*— Gardening, fishing. Addreee — 151 Adelaide Ter., Perth.

FBVOBB, Walter Baldwin, O.M.G., M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Biology In the University of Melbourne since 1887, Direc- tor of the National Museum of Natural His- tory, Geology, and Ethnology Melbourne, President of the Professorial Board and member of the Council of the University ot Melbourne, Trustee of the Public Library, National Gallery, and Museums of Vic; ft. Stretford, Lancashire, Eng., 1860, «. of Reu- ben Spencer, ed. Owens College Manchester (awarded Dalton Prize for Botany and Com- parative Anatomy), elected to open Science Scholarship at Exeter OoH. Oxford 1881 (B.A. 1884 with first class Honours in Na- tural Science). Appointed Assistant to the Linacre Professor of Human and Compara- tive Anatomy at Oxford in 1885, elected Fellow of Lincoln College the same year, and elected Fellow of the Royal 8odety in 1900, Hon. Fellow of Exeter Coll., Oxford, in 1907. He is a corresponding member of the Zoological Society London, Hon. orary Fellow of Anthropological In- stitute London, Honorary member of Anthropological Society, Italy, Honorary Fellow of Anthropological Soc. Washington, member of Horn Scientific Ex- pedition to Central Australia in 1894, and Editor of its reports. In conjunction with F. J. Gillen he conducted an Ethnological Expedition across Australia to the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1902, and is joint author with F. J. Gillen of The Native Tribes of Central Australia, and of The Northern Tribes of Central Australia. Author of The Presence and Structure of the Pineal Eye in Laoertflla, The Narrative of the Horn Expe- dition, and numerous memoirs, dealing es- pecially with the Fauna, Natural History, and Ethnology of Australia. Decorated with C.M.G. in 1904 in recognition of his services to scientific education and ms contributions to the geography and anthropology of Cen- tral Australia. Addreee— The University, Melbourne.

SPmnrCtTKOKFS, John William, M. A., M.D. Melb., M.R.O.P. Eng., Honorary Phy- sician to Melbourne Hospital, Lecturer in Therapeutics, Dietetics, and Hygiene in the University of Melbourne, President of the Dental Board of Tietoria, and President of the Royal Victorian Trained Nurses' Assn. Addreee— Collins St., Melbourne.

YAPKBT0V, ffolm Hanry, D.S.O., Capt 10th A.IJt. ; b. 1866. Decorated for service with South Australian troops in S. Africa 1899-1900.

STAWBXA, miohard mawdon, M.D., M.B. 1887. Ch.B.1888, D.P.H. (Lond.) , Assistant Physician to the Melbourne Hospital, and Physician to the Melbourne


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 however, there might still be an enemy behind him, and that he should be hemmed in between both, he resolved to pass, but did it in so tumulinous a manner that the king's army had no trouble but to slaughter those who arrived at the opposite bank. Great part of the cavalry, seeing the sate of their companions at the ford, attempted to pass above and below by swimming: but, though the river was deep and smooth, the banks were high, and many were drowned, not being able to scramble up on the other side. Many were also destroyed by stones, and the lances of Sertza Denghel's men, from the banks above; some passed, however, joining Mahomet, and leaving the rest of the army to attempt a passage at the ford, crossed with the utmost speed lower down the river without being pursued, and carried the news of their own defeat to Adel.

whole Moorish army perished this day except the horse, either by the sword or in the river; nor had the Moors, received so severe a blow since the defeat of Gragne by Claudius. The king then decamped, and took post at Zarroder, on the frontiers of Adel, with a design to winter there and lay waste the country, into which he intended to march as soon as the fair weather returned. But it was the misfortune of this great prince, that his enemies were situated at the two most distant extremities of the kingdom. For the Galla attacked Gojam on the west, at the very time he prepared to enter Adel on the east. Without loss of time, however, he traversed the whole kingdom of Abyssinia, and came up with the Boren Galla upon the river Madge, but no action of consequence followed. The Galla, attempting the king's camp in the night, and finding themselves too weak to carry it, retreated immediately into their own country.


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 the other in endless succession, universally covered with dense brushy forest, and intersected by innumerable ravines and gullies worn by torrents.

At Captain Joblin's station, a small brook joins the river on the south bank, to which the stockmen have given the designation of Hindmarshes Creek, and which Mr. Ralfe has altered to the native name, "Parabel." The land surrounding this little stream is of great richness, its physical aspect resembling that of Dongai Creek; the fertile, lightly wooded ranges which confine it are covered with a rich mould, and would be admirably adapted for vines. On this brook are several out-stations, belonging to Major Innes of Port Macquarie and Major Kemp. Beyond this stream, the ranges on the north side of the river form steep, high, rocky banks, rising abruptly from the water, and frequently attaining an altitude of several hundred feet above the river; the back country being very hilly, densely wooded, and intersected by narrow ravines, and brushy hollows, containing rugged water-courses. A few miles higher up the river a razor-backed range, covered to the summit with a dense brush of lofty trees, rises to an altitude of 3000 feet above the level of the sea, on the north bank of the river; at its base flows a large brook called Henderson's Creek, the bed of which is worthy of notice, as its pebbles and gravel consist almost exclusively of triturated quartz. Henderson's Creek is the highest point up the MacLeay river,


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Index talk:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu

Biographies of women

 * 1) Ainsley, Irene - Page:Johns's_notable_Australians_1908.djvu/64 - no WP page - NZ: no ADB page
 * 2) Cambridge, Ada - Page:Johns's_notable_Australians_1908.djvu/95 - Author:Ada Cambridge
 * 3) Clarke, Janet Lady - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/105 - no WP page - ADB
 * 4) Gaunt, Mary - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/147
 * 5) Golding, Annie - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/150 - no WP page - ADB
 * 6) Goldsmith, Vida - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/151 - no WP page - no ADB page
 * 7) GROSSMANN, Edith Searle - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/157 - wrong WP page - NZ: no ADB page
 * 8) GUNN, Jeannie - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/158
 * 9) Hall, Elsie Stanley  - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/160 - no WP page - ADB
 * 10) LEE, Mrs. Harrison - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/198 - no WP page - ADB
 * 11) MACDONALD, Louisa - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/212 - no WP page - no ADB page
 * 12) MACK, Marie Louise - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/215 - ADB
 * 13) MACKAY, Jessie - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/215 - NZ
 * 14) MARTIN, Mrs. Frederick - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/223 -
 * 15) Melba, Madame - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/226 -
 * 16) SCOTT, Rose - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/281 -
 * 17) SPENCE, Catherine Helen - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/293 -
 * 18) SUTHERLAND, Sulina Murray Macdonald - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/303 - no WP page - ADB
 * 19) TURNER, Ethel - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/316 -
 * 20) WARD, Mrs. Humphry - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/324
 * 21) WATSON. Kathleen - Page:Johns's notable Australians 1908.djvu/326 - no WP page - no ADB page


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 and compelled me to condemn the temerity which could a second time forego every earthly enjoyment, a second time to encounter each species of hardship, and all the various dangers so certainly attendant upon those who explore new and distant climes: a sacrifice for which no reward however liberal, no praise however loud, could offer any adequate recompence.

From the performance of my laborious task I can claim no other praise than that to which a perseverance in what was irksome may be thought to entitle me; though to the best of my judgment I have rendered the abridgment as perfect as it could be; having been careful to insert all that could interest the general class of readers, and to omit only such parts as must, by a repetition of crimes and their punishment, with the oft-repeated regulations and laws consequent thereto, become distressing or tedious. Yet enough of the former still remains, to convince every reflecting mind of the wisdom which dictated the relieving their country from a set of people so hostile to the interests and safety of its more worthy inhabitants. Nor can the specimens here given of incurable depravity fail to convince the most violent opposers of the colonising system of its necessity; or at least to fill them with gratitude to that government which has, by removing such numbers of unprincipled people, endeavoured to protect them from depredation and violence. Were


text: The Great Problems of British Statesmanship


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 Were the unhappy culprits but for one moment to reflect, they would themselves acknowledge, that in the administration of justice mercy has not been forgotten; many of their lives had paid the forfeit of their crimes, but for this timely interference of the lenity of that country whose laws they had defied, of that country whose disgrace and scourge they had been; and which, in their extremity, had stretched forth an arm to save them by a banishment at once salutary to their fellow-citizens and to themselves. To have permitted them to live, and to remain amid their former haunts, would have been compelling them to live in guilt; for in what other manner, however well disposed, could they preserve that life which, in this case, it would have been inhumanity to have granted? No ear would listen to, no mind would credit, the tale of their repentance: with every heart and every door closed against them, whither could they turn, but to the self-same enormities which had subjected them to this mockery of mercy? From exile, if they have any thing to lose, they have much to hope; they are removed from temptation; and with the necessaries of life they are provided, until such time as they shall prove that they are deserving of further favour; when no encouragement is withheld that can contribute to their present comfort, or confirm them in the path of rectitude. They are pointed out as  ples


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 CONTENTS. I.—(, 1911.) Minutes of Meetings: November 16th and December 21st, 1910, and January 18th, 1911 1 The Thirty-third Annual Meeting: January 18th, 1911 4 The Thirty-third Annual Report of the Council: January 18th, 1911 7 Revenue Account and Balance Sheet 12 Presidential Address. 14 Bushongo Mythology. 41

II.—(, 1911.) Minutes of Meetings: February 15th and March 15th, 1911 129 The Popular Ritual of the Great Feast in Morocco. 131 King Midas and his Ass’s Ears. 183

III.—(, 1911.) Minutes of Meetings: May 17th and June 28th, 1911 273 On the Alleged Evidence for Mother-Right in Early Greece. 277 Hampshire Folklore. 292

IV.—(, 1911.) Minutes of Meeting: April 5th, 1911 401 Lord Avebury on Marriage, Totemism, and Religion. 402 Some Matrimonial Problems of the Western Border of India. 426


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 for others; in the lapse of time their former degradation is forgotten, and they become respectable members of society. Alas! how deeply does the abridger of the present narrative regret that so very few instances have occurred of this return to peace, to honour; to the praise of man, or the pardon of their offended God!

MARIA COLLINS.


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iv PAGE :— Shilo: a Devonshire Folk-Tale. 48 A Folklore Survey of County Clare (xi). 49 Fifty Hausa Folk-Tales (31-6). 60 Mianwali Folklore Notes. 73 Armenian Folk-Tales (5). 77 A Folklore Survey of County Clare (xii-xv). 203 A Few Norwegian Proverbs. 213 Fifty Hausa Folk-Tales (37-41). 218 Indian Folklore Notes, III. 229 Courted by the Devil: a Perthshire Folk-Tale. 330 A Folklore Survey of County Clare (xvi-xviii). 352 Fifty Hausa Folk-Tales (42-5). 341 Rain-Stopping in Manipur. 348 Armenian Folk-Tales (6). 351 A Folklore Survey of County Clare (xviii). 449 Fifty Hausa Folk-Tales (46-50). 457 Manipuri Proverbs. 473 Armenian Folk-Tales (7-8). 476

“Totemism and Exogamy.” 81 Do.do. 91 Qu’est-ce que le Totémisme? 93 Calendar Customs of the British Isles. 232 Institut Ethnographique International de Paris 233 Chinese Tree-Worship and Trial by Ordeal. 233 The Beaver and “Foundation Sacrifice.” 235 Burning Elder-Wood. 235 Holly for Whip-Stocks. 236 Parish Gleanings from Upton St. Leonard’s, Gloucestershire. 236 Playing the Wer-Beast. 239 Unlucky Meetings. 241 Folk-Lore Society’s Place of Meeting. 362 “Totemism and Exogamy.” 362


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Rh PAGE Calendar Customs of the British Isles: Report of the “Brand” Committee. 485 “Totemism and Exogamy.” 486 Do. do. 488 “Momia,” a Ceremony of the Jews of Aleppo. 491 Mother-Right in Early Greece. 491 Do. do. 494 Somersetshire Folklore. 495 Virgins’ Garlands. 496

Reviews : — A.van Gennep. La Formation des Légendes. 105 W. I. Thomas. Source Book for Social Origins. 108 P. Sébillot. Les Joyeuses Histoires de Bretagne. 109 Mitteilungen des Verbandes Vereine für Volkskunde. 110 Hessische Blätter für Volkskunde. R. Brandstetter. Renward Cysat. Schweizerisches Archiv für Volkskunde. 114 S. Grosimund. Volkslieder aus dem Kanton Solothurn. ''G. M‘C. Theal.'' The Yellow and Dark-Skinned People of Africa South of the Zambesi. 117 H. Parker. Village Folk-Tales of Ceylon, Vol. I. 123 A. Ker. Papuan Fairy Tales. 125 W. M‘Clintock. Along the Old North Trail: or Life, Legends and Religion of the Blackfeet Indians. 126 A. Aarne. Die Zaubergaben. 242 ''Ch. Beauquier.'' Faune et Flore Populaires de la Franche Comté. 244 O. Dähnhardt. Natursagen, Band III. 246 ''R. Kühnau. Schksische Sagen'', Vols. I. and II. 248 . 248 M. Hamilton. Greek Saints and their Festivals 250 T. Norlind. Latinska Skolsånger i Sverige och Finland. 251 C. W. Hobley. Ethnology of A-Kamba and other East African Tribes. 252


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 CONTENTS.


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Obituary:William Wing

WILLIAM WING, ESQ., F.L.S., SECRETARY OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, HAS left a blank that will not be easily supplied. As an entomological artist he had few rivals. It was at the age of fifteen that he first turned his attention to entomology, and, in the course of a few years, he succeeded in forming an extensive collection of British lepidoptera, hymenoptera, &c.A talent for drawing was early developed, and this, combined with his predilections for natural history, soon led to his being employed at that great national establishment, the British Museum. Many will remember that their first recollection of Mr. Wing is as a slight, rather delicate youth, assiduously plying his pencil in the entomological room of the British Museum. He lithographed a number of plates for the British Museum Catalogues, and also for the Transactions of the Entomological and Linnean Societies. He was naturally very retiring, and though possessed of a great amount of knowledge on a variety of subjects, he never used it for the purpose of display; and few who had not opportunities of drawing him out, would have suspected the extent of his information.Latterly his attention had been more particularly directed to making drawings of the larvae of the microlepidoptera, and upwards of 200 of these representations, which, for accuracy and life-likeness, have never been surpassed, testify to his industry and perseverance.It was just as he was entering on the new career of usefulness, indicated by the promised "Natural History of the Tineina," that he was smitten with an incurable disease (diabetes), which speedily assumed such a serious aspect, that great fears were entertained that he would sink under it last spring;; fortunately, prompt medical attendance, together with his own habitual cheerfulness of disposition, succeeded in restoring him to health; and during this temporary prolongation of life he was enabled to execute the plates to Mr. Stainton's volume of the "Insecta Britannica." Mr. Wing's death occurred on the 9th of January, in the 28th year of his age.

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vi R. E. Dennett. Nigerian Studies or the Religions and Political System of the Yoruba 261 R. F. Johnston. Lion and Dragon in Northern China. 263 J. Macgowan. Chinese Folk-Lore Tales 263 J. Macgowan. Chinese Folk-Lore 263 T. C. Hodson. The Nāga Tribes of Manipur. 266 P. M. Sykes and Khan Bahadur Ahmad Din Khan. The Glory of the Shia World. 268 Gaudefroy Demombynes. Les Cent et Une Nuits. 377 A. C. Lee. The Decameron. 378 W. Schmidt. Die Stellung der Pygmäenvölker in der Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen. 378 L. Gougaud. Les Chrétientés Celtiques. 380 Kwartalink Etnografioncy Lud. 382 E. Torday and T. A. Joyce. Notes Ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées.—Les Bushongo. 386 N. W. Thomas. Anthropological Report on the Edo-speaking Peoples of Nigeria. 391 E. Saphir. Takelma Texts 398 R. B. Seager. Excavations in the Island of Pseira, Crete 398 J. G. Frazer. The Golden Bough. Parts I-III 497 A. van Gennep. Religions Moeurs et Légendes : Essais d’Ethnographie et de Linguistique. (Troisième Série). 506 J. Français. L’Église et la Sorcellerie. 509 A. Mosso. The Dawn of Mediterranean Civilisation. 510 J. Ceredig Davies. Folklore of West and Mid-Wales. 511 P. Y. Sébillot. La Bretagne Pittoresque et Légendaire. 513 Národopisný VěstńikVěstník [sic] Českoslovanský. 515 J. H. Weeks. Congo Life and Folklore. 517 E. Nordenskiōld. Indianlif. 519 S. Endle. The Kacháris. 520 C. G. and B. Z. Seligmann. The Veddas. 522


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Contents. vii FAGK C. Gopalan Nair. Wynad: Its Peoples and Traditions. 524 G. C. Wheeler. The Tribe and Intertribal Relations in Australia. 526 J. Bolte, K. Krohn, A. Olrik, and C. W. von Sydow.' FF Communications (1-6). 529

K. Haddon. Cats’ Cradles from Many Lands 128 H. Hermannsson. Islandica, Vol. III. Bibliography of the Sagas of the Kings of Norway, and related Sagas and Tales. 270 F. Heinemann. Bibliographie National Suisse 271 W. W. Skeat. The Past at our Doors: or The Old in the New around us 271 M. and N. Tremearne. Fables and Fairy Tales for Little Folks or Uncle Remus in Hausaland 272 A. C. Parker. Iroquois Uses of Maize and other Food Plants 272 Canadian Folk-Lore Society. First Annual Report 399 M. B. Mirehouse. South Pembrokeshire. Some of its History and Records 399 Bye-Gones relating to Wales and the Border Counties 400 A. Stapleton. All about the Merry Tales of Gotham 400 A. C. Haddon. History of Anthropology 530 A. C. Haddon. The Wanderings of Peoples 530 W. W. Skeat. The Place-Names of Berkshire 530

531 I. Bushongo Hunting Fetish “Tambo” To face page 42 II. Bushongo “Nyenge” Mask 44 III. Corbehagh. Killone: St. John’s Well and Altar 52 IV. Wartstone, Doughnambraher. Inscription, Glenfahan. Kinallia Altar and Stones 54 V. Killeany Church, Co. Clare 56 VI. Stones, Cullaun and Magh Adhair. Ennis Amber Bead 58 VII. The Mṣalla outside Bäb FtsÖh at Fez 132 VIII. Hérma at Marráksh 170


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viii Contents. IX. Clare Wren Boys To face page 206 X. St. Senan's Tree with Rag Offerings, Kiltinanlea. 210 XI. Tree near Ning Ching, Chihli 232


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 to which, in my capacity of Surveyor to the Government, I carried the subdivision of the land into blocks and sections; the country on the north side of the river being now so mountainous and brushy as to be quite unavailable. On the south side of the river, the country, although hilly, is still good, consisting of apple tree and blue gum flats, of the richest soil, and lightly wooded, park-like mountain ranges, affording excellent pasturage for sheep. The ranges hereabout are mostly composed of clay-slate. A very soft, red, schistose rock, the strata of which are nearly vertically disposed, is very frequently met with on the river banks; the surface of this rock is quite disintegrated, and pulverized into minute, angular fragments, and these debris having become intimately combined with the vegetable mould, the result has been the formation of a rich, loose soil, well covered with grass, and which would be, no doubt, eminently suitable for vines. Between Parabel Brook, and Henderson's Creek, the bed of the river consists in several places of a hard, black rock, of trap formation. Stations continue up the river as far as Gonderang Creek, which is about thirty miles beyond Henderson's, the grazing country being confined by the mountains to the mere banks of the river, and its tributary brooks. Above the junction of the MacLeay river with the Apsley, the scenery assumes a grand alpine character; both rivers hurry along rapidly descending beds, through


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 ERRATA.

Page 318. for Chap. xiv, read Chap. xv.

— 331. line 15, for Mares, 57, read Mares and Horses, 57.

— 407. for Chap. xix, read Chap. xviii. AN


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 narrow glens of frowning precipices, 3000 feet in elevation, whilst the surrounding mountains frequently attain an elevation of 6000 feet above the level of the sea. Tremendous cataracts are of continual occurrence; at one of them the whole river has a perpendicular fall of 250 feet, and after raging in a furious torrent, half foam and vapour, along a steep, inclined plane, it again dashes down another perpendicular fall of 100 feet, the total descent of its waters in this short distance being, probably, little under 500 feet. The sublimity of these falls cannot be surpassed by the finest waterfalls of the Alps, especially when the MacLeay is swollen by rain;—the untrodden forest crowning the towering precipices, the dazzling spray, and boiling foam, and the mighty roar of the torrent, reverberating with a deafening sound through the narrow glen, cannot fail to strike the spectator with admiration.

The geological formation of this part of the MacLeay river is principally basalt; it is characterized by lofty mountains, rent with perpendicular fissures, and faced with lofty precipices. After tracing, the river MacLeay upwards, through this rugged country, its bed rising rapidly to a very considerable elevation above the sea, we at length emerge on a gently rising table land. From this point to its sources, the MacLeay river, and the scenery on its banks, are totally different to what I have hitherto described, owing to the difference of temperature,


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Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1983/1992-11-06

as amended by

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 105 of 1984

Powers and Privileges of Parliament and the Constitution Amendment Act, No. 99 of 1985

Provincial Government Act, No. 69 of 1986

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 20 of 1987

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 50 of 1988

Constitution Third Amendment Act, No. 101 of 1988

Constitution Fourth Amendment Act, No. 71 of 1989

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 61 of 1990

Constitution Second Amendment Act, No. 146 of 1992

Constitution Amendment Act, No. 149 of 1992

11. (1) The State President and any Acting State President shall when assuming office make and subscribe an oath of office in the following form before the Chief Justice or any other judge of the Supreme Court:

In the presence of Almighty God and in full realization of the high calling I assume as State President/Acting State President in the service of the Republic, I, A.B., do swear to be faithful to the Republic of South Africa and do solemnly and sincerely promise at all times to promote that which will advance and to oppose all that may harm the Republic; to obey, observe, uphold and maintain the Constitution and all other Law of the Republic; to discharge my duties with all my strength and talents to the best of my knowledge and ability and true to the dictates of my conscience; to do justice unto all; and to devote myself to the well-being of the Republic and its people.

May the Almighty God by His grace guide and sustain me in keeping this oath with honour and dignity.

So help me God.

(2) In the case of the State President the oath shall be made and subscribed by him at a formal function where the Seal of the Republic is handed over to him by the outgoing State President or Acting State President, unless he already has the Seal in his custody.

(3) The oath of office referred to in subsection (1) made by any person when assuming the office of Acting State President shall be deemed to be such oath made also in respect of every subsequent assumption, during the tenure of office of a specific State President, of that office by that person.

24. (1) The State President may appoint as many persons as he may from time to time deem necessary to administer such departments of State of the Republic as the State President may establish, or to perform such other functions as the State President may determine, and he may himself administer such a department of State for general affairs if at any time no person has been appointed under this subsection or section 25 to administer it.

(2) Persons appointed under subsection (1) shall hold office during the State President’s pleasure and shall be the Ministers of the Republic.

(3)

(b) A Minister of any department of State for own affairs of a population group shall―

be a member of the population group in question; and at the time of his appointment as such Minister, in the opinion of the State President have the support of the majority in the House consisting of members of that population group.

(4) A Minister shall before assuming his duties make and subscribe an oath before the Chief Justice or any other judge of the Supreme Court in the following form: I, A.B., do hereby swear to be faithful to the Republic of South Africa and undertake before God to honour this oath; to hold my office as Minister with honour and dignity; to respect and uphold the Constitution and all other Law of the Republic; to be a true and faithful counsellor; not to divulge directly or indirectly any matters which are entrusted to me under secrecy; and to perform the duties of my office conscientiously and to the best of my ability.

So help me God.

27. (1) (a) The State President may, subject to subsection (2), appoint any person to hold office during the State President’s pleasure as Deputy Minister of any specified department of State or Deputy Minister of such other description as the State President may determine, and to exercise or perform on behalf of a Minister any of the powers, functions and duties entrusted to such Minister in terms of any law or otherwise which may, subject to the directions of the State President, be assigned to him from time to time by such Minister.

(b) Any reference in any law to a deputy to a Minister shall be construed as including a reference to a Deputy Minister appointed under this subsection, and any such reference to a Minister shall be construed as including a reference to a Deputy Minister acting in pursuance of an assignment under paragraph (a) by the Minister for whom he acts.

(2)

(b) The provisions of section 24 (3) (b) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a Deputy Minister appointed to exercise or perform any powers, functions and duties on behalf of a Minister of a department of State for own affairs of a population group.

(3) A Deputy Minister shall before assuming his duties make and subscribe an oath, in the form prescribed in 24 (4) but with reference to his office as Deputy Minister, before the Chief Justice or any other judge of the Supreme Court.

(4) Whenever any Deputy Minister is for any reason unable to perform any of the functions of his office, the State President may appoint any other Deputy Minister or any other person to act in the said Deputy Minister’s stead, either generally or in the performance of any specific function.

 98A. (1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Act or any other law the State President may, if he considers it desirable in the interest of further constitutional development, by proclamation in the Gazette amend Schedule 1 from a date fixed by him and specified in the proclamation.

(2) If an amendment contemplated in subsection (1) affects a decision by the State President in terms of section 16(1)(a) that any particular matter is an own affair of a population group, the State President shall rescind that decision by proclamation in the Gazette as from the date referred to in subsection (1).

(3) A decision of the State President to act under this section is a general affair.

(4) As from the date on which the State President rescinds a decision in terms of subsection (2) the matter in question shall, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Act, be deemed to be a general affair.

(5) The State President shall, as from the date on which he rescinds any decision in terms of subsection (2), by proclamation in the Gazette―

subject to subsection (6), assign the administration of all laws or provisions of laws relating to the matter in question and the administration of which has been assigned to or vests in a Minister of a department of State for own affairs of a population group (whether by virtue of an assignment under section 26 or 98 or in terms of an Act of the House in question), to a Minister of a department of State for general affairs or an administrator of a province; and declare that the provisions of Part IV shall no longer apply to the laws or provisions referred to in section 98(2) and the administration of which is being so assigned by him to an administrator.

(6) The State President may by proclamation in the Gazette―

when he assigns the administration of a law or a provision of a law in terms of subsection (5)(a) or at any time thereafter, and in so far as he considers it necessary for the efficient carrying out of the assignment by the Minister or in his department of State or by the administrator or in the provincial administration in question―

amend or adapt such law in order to regulate its application or interpretation; repeal and re-enact such law, whether with or without an amendment or adaptation contemplated in subparagraph (i); in so far as he considers it necessary for the efficient carrying out of a general law, repeal any law referred to in subsection (5)(a);

provide for such transitional arrangements as he considers necessary in relation to―

the disposal of any asset, liability, right or obligation, including money; the financing of State expenditure; and subject to the laws in relation to officers and employees in the Public Service and other employees of the State, personnel matters.

(7) When the administration of any law has been assigned to any Minister or any administrator in terms of subsection (5)(a), the provisions of section 10(5) and (5A) of the Interpretation Act, 1957 (Act No. 33 of 1957), shall apply mutatis mutandis in relation to that law as if that administrator, the provincial administration in question, and an officer of that administration, were a Minister of State, the department of State controlled by him, and an officer in the Public Service, respectively.

(8) A proclamation made under this section shall be tabled in Parliament within 14 days after promulgation thereof, if Parliament is in session or, if Parliament is not in session, within 14 days after the commencement of its next session.

(9) (a) If Parliament by resolution disapproves of such a proclamation or of any provision of such a proclamation, that proclamation or that provision, as the case may be, shall lapse to the extent to which it is so disapproved.

(b) The lapsing of such a proclamation or provision shall not affect―

the validity of anything done under the proclamation or provision up to the date on which it so lapsed; any right, privilege, obligation or liability acquired, accrued or incurred as at that date under or by virtue of the proclamation or provision.

[S. 98A inserted by s. 1 of Act No. 146 of 1992.]

 99. (1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (2) and (3), Parliament may by law repeal or amend or authorize the repeal or amendment of any provision of this Act.

(2) No repeal or amendment of the provisions of section 89 or of this subsection or of any corresponding provisions of any law substituted for them, shall be valid unless the bill embodying such repeal or amendment has been agreed to in every House by not less than two-thirds of the total number of its members.

(3) No repeal or amendment of or authorization to repeal or amend section 7(1)(b), (5) or (6), section 8(5), section 9(1) or (3)(a), section 14 or 15, section 16(1), section 19, 20 or 21, section 23(2), section 30, section 31(1) or (2), section 32(1), (2), (3) or (4), section 33, section 34(2)(a), section 37(1), section 38(2), section 39(1) or (2), section 41(1), section 42(1), section 43(1), section 52, 53 or 54, section 64(3), section 70(1), section 71(1) or (3)(b) or (c), section 77, section 78(5), this subsection, subsection (4) of this section or Schedule 1 shall be valid unless the bill embodying such repeal or amendment or authorization to repeal or amend has been agreed to in every House by a majority of the total number of its members.

(4) A bill embodying the repeal or amendment of or authorization to repeal or amend any provision mentioned in subsection (2) or (3) of this section shall not be referred to the President’s Council for its decision under the circumstances contemplated in section 32(1).

(5) Any reference in a provision of this Act mentioned in sub-section (3) of this section, or in the definition in this Act of an expression used in any such provision, to any other provision of this Act not mentioned in that subsection or to any other law shall be construed as a reference to such other provision or other law as it exists from time to time after any amendment or replacement thereof, and the provisions of subsections (3) and (4) of this section shall not be construed as applying to any amendment or replacement of such other provision or other law.


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 List of Members and Subscribers. Ix LIST OF MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA, September, 191 1. The next complete list of members and subscribers will accompany the issue of Folk-Lore tor March, 1912. The following lists bring up to date the complete list published in the issue for September, 1910. New Members, j . Beckett, A. W., Esq., Anderida, Hartfield Road, Eastbourne. . Benson, Mrs., 5 Wellington Court, Knightsbridge, S.W. 1. Canziani, Miss E., 3 Palace Green, Kensington, W.  1. Crooke, Elliott H., Esq., Brazenose College, Oxford. 1. Crooke, Roland H., Esq., Emmanuel College, Cambridge. . de Gruchy, G. F. B., Esq., i8fl St, James' Court, Buckingham Gate, S.W. 191 1. Dewar, Mrs. Alexander, Hospital Hill, King William's Town, South Africa, 1. Grant, The Rev. Canon, The Deanery, St. Albans. 1911. Greenaway, Mrs., 74 Longridge Road, Earlscourt, S.W. 1. Heanley, The Rev. R. H., Weyhill Rectory, Andover. . Johnston, R. F,, Esq., Wei-hai-wei, China. . Kingsford, H. S,, Esq., 60 Clapton Common, N.E. 1. Lake, H. Coote, Esq., Heage House, Crouch Hill, N,  1. Nutt, Mrs, A., 57 Long Acre, W.C,  1. Partington, Mrs. J. Edge, The Kiln House, Greywell, Odiham. 191 1. Partridge, Miss J. B., Wellfield, Minchinhampton, Glos. . Polkinghorne, Miss Ruby K., 10 Zenobia Mansions, West Kensington, W. 1. Richardson, Miss E. M., B.A., Fairlight, Aldenham Rd., Bushey. 191 1. Roheim, G., Esq., 35 Hermina-ut, Budapest, Hungary. . Rose, H. J., Esq., Exeter College, Oxford [Faculty of Arts, Macgill Univ., Montreal]. 1. Schmidt, Dr. F. S., St. Gabriel Modling, Vienna, Austria. 1. Thomas, The Rev. J. R. W., Diocesan Training College, Fishponds, Bristol. 191 1. Thompson, Miss Saidie. 1. Thomson, W. B., Esq., 2 Temple Gardens, E.C. 191 1. Torr, Miss Dona, Carlett Park, Eastham, Cheshire. 1, Whitehorn, Alan L,, Esq., 5 Townsend St., Dublin. 1908. Williams, R. James, Esq., 30 Bolston Rd., Worcester. 191 1. Wingate, Mrs. J. S., 901 Twentieth Avenue, N, Minneapolis, Minn., U.S.A.


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34 as it rolled and bounded along the ground in a line parallel to the players, the latter shot at it with their little arrows, and hit it often. It is therefore obvious that the men are habituated to the bow and arrow from childhood, even though they are not regular hunters; but, as we shall see presently, a Muppan sometimes finds it useful to be expert with these weapons.

During one of my visits to Wynaad I observed a small hut constructed high up and near the top of an immense clump of bamboos, some thirty feet or more from the ground. This was within a few yards of the hut of a Muppan which was itself somewhat removed from the little pâḍi, as a cluster of huts is called. The erection in the tree was said to be for occupation by the wife and three children of the Muppan, who was often absent. They slept in it for safety, as wild animals were numerous. It was reached by a very insecure-looking ladder, which was nothing but one long bamboo, the branches of which had been lopped off a few inches from the stem. As it seemed impossible that any human being could make such an ascent, a small boy was sent up to show me how. He went up with the greatest ease, much to my amazement.

The owner of these two establishments, one of which was useless without the possession of monkey-like agility and balance, was said to be the man who “kept the god”; so I went into the hut on the ground to have a look. The objects which were pointed out to me as representing “the god” were as follows:—A bundle of strips of bamboo, some three feet in length, bulged in the middle and tied at the ends; an axe; a bow; arrows; some ôḍikal sticks; a pair of stag’s horns. All, except the last, were objects for use. In another pâḍi not far off I saw objects just such as these, which were also said to represent “the god.” I thought at the time that the bundle was a fetish and protective, but it was evidently not completely so,—from the hut in the tree.


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 Plate I. Plate 1 Folk-Lore, vol. 23.jpg ÔḌIKAL STICK AND ARROWS AND MUPPAN WATER-VESSEL. To face p. 34.


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 artistic subjects, gave him advice concerning his work, and accompanied him on horseback to St. Peter’s.

In the month of August 1561 he had an attack. Having sat for three consecutive hours with naked feet, drawing, he was suddenly seized with pains and fell into convulsions. His servant Antonio found him unconscious. Cavalieri, Bandini and Calcagni hastened to his house, but on their arrival Michael Angelo had come to himself. A few days afterwards he began to go out again on horseback and to work on the drawings for the Porta Pia.

The intractable old man would, under no pretext whatsoever, allow people to look after him. His friends were continually tortured by the thought that he was alone with negligent and unscrupulous servants and at the mercy of a fresh attack.

His heir Leonardo had formerly received such rude rebuffs when he had wished to come to Rome to watch over his uncle’s health that he no longer dared to risk the journey. In July 1563 he inquired of him through Daniello da Volterra if he would like to see him, and, in view of the suspicions which his visit might inspire in Michael Angelo’s distrustful mind, added that his affairs were prospering, that he was rich and had no longer need of anything. The roguish old man replied that, since this was so, he was delighted, and that he would give the little he possessed to the poor.

A month later Leonardo, by no means satisfied with the reply, returned to the charge and expressed the anxiety he felt on the subject of his health and those who surrounded him. This time Michael Angelo sent him a


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 "SNAKESTONES" AND STONE THUNDERBOLTS AS SUBJECTS FOR SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION.

BY WALTER W. SKEAT, M.A.

(Read at Meeting, June 28th, 1911.)

a book published as lately as 1908 we read,—"When we hear of the good or bad luck which is assumed to go with St. Cuthbert's beads, (joints [or, as our geological friends insist we should call them, ossicles] of fossil encrinites), St. Peter's fingers and thunderbolts (belemnites), Devil's toe-nails (gryphaeas), and snakestones (ammonites), we might hastily conclude that the picturesque name has originated the belief. But fossils as charms or mascots form an ancient chapter in history and an unwritten chapter in pre-history."

The chapter in question is certainly unwritten, in the sense that, although an immense number of isolated details have been recorded about "fossil folklore" and celt superstitions, there has been no proper survey of the facts, and the object of this paper is simply to focus attention on this class of facts and on the system required for investigating them. We find, when we come to look into the matter, a far larger number of fossil forms which have given birth to folklore elements of various kinds than we could have believed possible. For example's sake, let us take the foregoing list. We may add to what the author has said that the small fossil plates from the Fame Islands,


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Portal:Fantasy

High Fantasy
High fantasy or epic fantasy is a subgenre of fantasy defined as fantasy fiction set in an alternative, entirely fictional ("secondary") world, rather than the real, or "primary" world. The secondary world is usually internally consistent but its rules differ in some way(s) from those of the primary world.

 * The Third Part of the Pilgrim's Progress, 1693 by an anonymous author
 * Phantastes, 1858 by George MacDonald
 * The Castle, 1864 by by George MacDonald
 * Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, 1865 by Lewis Carroll
 * Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There, 1871 by Lewis Carroll
 * The Princess and the Goblin, 1872 by George MacDonald
 * Otto of the Silver Hand, 1888 by Howard Pyle
 * The Wood Beyond the World, 1894 by William Morris
 * The King in Yellow, 1895 by Robert William Chambers
 * The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, 1900 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * Darby O'Gill and the Good People, 1903 by Herminie Templeton Kavanagh
 * The Enchanted Island of Yew, 1903 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * The Surprising Adventures of the Magical Monarch of Mo and His People, 1903 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * The Marvelous Land of Oz, 1904 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * John Dough and the Cherub, 1906 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * The Road to Oz, 1909 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * The House of the Vampire, 1907 by George Sylvester Viereck
 * Ozma of Oz, 1907 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz, 1908 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * The Fortress Unvanquishable, Save for Sacnoth, 1908 by Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron Dunsany (Lord Dunsany)
 * Psyche, 1908 by Louis Couperus, translated by Benjamin Shepherd Berrington
 * The Emerald City of Oz, 1910 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * The Sea Fairies, 1911 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * Sky Island, 1912 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * Little Wizard Stories of Oz, 1913 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * The Patchwork Girl of Oz, 1913 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * Tik-Tok of Oz, 1914 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * The Scarecrow of Oz, 1915 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * Rinkitink in Oz, 1916 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * Tales of Wonder, 1916 by Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron Dunsany (Lord Dunsany)
 * The Lost Princess of Oz, 1917 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * The Magic of Oz, 1919 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * The White Ship, 1919 by Howard Phillips Lovecraft
 * The Cats of Ulthar, 1920 by Howard Phillips Lovecraft
 * The Doom That Came to Sarnath, 1920 by Howard Phillips Lovecraft
 * Glinda of Oz, 1920 by Lyman Frank Baum
 * A Voyage to Arcturus, 1920 by David Lindsay
 * The Royal Book of Oz, 1921 by Ruth Plumly Thompson
 * The Lost Race, 1927 by Robert Ervin Howard
 * The Mirrors of Tuzun Thune, 1929 by Robert Ervin Howard
 * The Shadow Kingdom, 1929 by Robert Ervin Howard
 * The Devil in Iron, 1934 by Robert Ervin Howard
 * Gods of the North, 1934 by Robert Ervin Howard
 * The People of the Black Circle, 1934 by Robert Ervin Howard
 * Queen of the Black Coast, 1934 by Robert Ervin Howard
 * Shadows in the Moonlight, 1934 by Robert Ervin Howard
 * A Witch Shall Be Born, 1934 by Robert Ervin Howard
 * Beyond the Black River, 1935 by Robert Ervin Howard
 * Jewels of Gwahlur, 1935 by Robert Ervin Howard
 * Shadows in Zamboula, 1935 by Robert Ervin Howard
 * The Hour of the Dragon, 1935-6 by Robert Ervin Howard
 * Red Nails, 1936 by Robert Ervin Howard
 * The Shadow of the Hun, 1975 fragment by Robert Ervin Howard

Low Fantasy
Low fantasy is a subgenre of fantasy characterised by being set in the real ("Primary") world, or a rational and familiar fictional world, with the inclusion of magical elements. Low fantasy can be described as non-rational events occurring in a rational setting. It is important to note that the use of the word "low" is not an indication of quality but of the relative level of "fantasy" contained within a particular work of fiction.

 * The Shaving of Shagpat, 1856 by George Meredith
 * To Whom This May Come, 1888 by Edward Bellamy
 * The Man Who Could Work Miracles, 1898 by Herbert George Wells
 * Dot and the Kangaroo, 1899 by Ethel Charlotte Pedley
 * Adventures in Toyland, 1900 by Edith King Hall
 * Five Children and It, 1902 by Edith Nesbit
 * The Phoenix and the Carpet, 1904 by Edith Nesbit
 * The White People, 1904 by Arthur Machen
 * The Story of the Amulet, 1906 by Edith Nesbit
 * The Enchanted Castle, 1907 by Edith Nesbit
 * The Horror of the Heights, 1913 by Arthur Conan Doyle
 * The Last of the Dragons, 1925 by Edith Nesbit
 * Bimini, 1929 by Grace Jones (writing as Bassett Morgan)
 * Train for Flushing, 1940 by Malcolm Jameson
 * Vengeance in Her Bones, 1942 by Malcolm Jameson
 * Beyond the Door, 1954 by Philip Kindred Dick
 * Vengeance in Her Bones, 1942 by Malcolm Jameson
 * Beyond the Door, 1954 by Philip Kindred Dick
 * Beyond the Door, 1954 by Philip Kindred Dick

Non-fiction

 * Notes on Writing Weird Fiction, 1933 writing guidelines by Howard Phillips Lovecraft
 * The Hyborian Age, 1936 essay by Robert Ervin Howard, an outline to the history of his fictional setting created as an aid to his writing
 * with response from Robert Bloch
 * A Short History of Russian "Fantastica", 1994 by Andrei Lubensky

Film

 * The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, 1910 directed by Otis Turner and produced by the Selig Polyscope Company (13 minute long, silent, black-and-white film)

Periodicals

 * Avon Fantasy Reader (1947-52)
 * Weird Tales (1923-54)

title: Portal:Fantasy


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 46 which are known as St. Boniface's pence (S.B.'s pfennige) in Germany, were called St. Cuthbert's beads at least as far back as the date of Plot's Natural History of Oxfordshire (1677), and no doubt much earlier. Again, gryphites or "Devil's toe-nails," (called clach crubain in the tongue of old Gaul), are used in Scotland for pains in the joints, and, (perhaps in this case because they have a faint suggestiveness of the cloven hoof about them), are powdered, mixed with whey, and given as a drench to cattle. Another Liassic bivalve (hippopodium) is known as horses' or asses' feet to country people. The pterygotus anglicus, a kind of gigantic eurypterid or king-crab, leaves moulds or impressions covered with delicately-waved lines which in Scotland have been taken, according to Hugh Miller, for the markings on the wings of cherubs or "seraphim." The remains of giant saurians, such as plesiosaurus and ichthyosaurus, have long been identified in the Whitby neighbourhood as the bones of angels, and a giant saurian found near Lake Constance in 1725 was, as is well known, identified by Scheuchzer as Homo Diluvii Testis. The teeth or bones of fossil elephants, mammoths, or mastodons are identified as giants' teeth or giants' bones,—e.g. in Yorkshire and at the famous Field of Giants at Sta Fé de Bogota. Ammonites and nautili again are regarded as snakestones or "ophiomorphites," "horns of Ammon," and so forth. But over and above all this is the large class of thunderbolts and thunderstones, which include the globular concretions of iron pyrites or marcasite, (also believed to be, according to Robinson, celestial cannon balls), echini, belemnites, as well as other


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74 we talked of the war, which all of us present believed to be impending, and Wood and I told him we were going to make every effort to get in, somehow; and he answered that we must be sure to get into his brigade, if he had one, and he would guarantee to show us fighting. None of us forgot the conversation. As soon as our regiment was raised General Young applied for it to be put in his brigade. We were put in; and he made his word good; for he fought and won the first fight on Cuban soil.

Yet, even though under him, we should not have been in this fight at all if we had not taken advantage of the chance to disembark among the first troops, and if it had not been for Wood's energy in pushing our regiment to the front.

On landing we spent some active hours in marching our men a quarter of a mile or so inland, as boat-load by boat-load they disembarked. Meanwhile one of the men, Knoblauch, a New Yorker, who was a great athlete and a champion swimmer, by diving in the surf off the dock, recovered most of the rifles which had been lost when the boat-load of colored cavalry capsized. The country would have offered very great difficulties to an attacking force had there been resistance. It was little but a mass of rugged and precipitous hills, covered for the most part by dense jungle. Five hundred resolute men could have prevented the disembarkation at very


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 My face is a scarecrow… There is a ceaseless buzzing in my ears—in one a spider spins its web, in the other a cricket chirps all night. … My catarrh, which causes a rattle in my throat, will not allow me to sleep. … This is the end to which art, which promised me glory, has brought me. Poor, overwhelmed old man, you are destroyed, unless death comes quickly to your aid. … Fatigue has quartered, torn and broken me, and the hostelry which awaits me—is Death. …”

“My dear Messer Giorgio,” he wrote to Vasari in June 1555, “you will recognise from my handwriting that I have reached the twenty-fourth hour. …”

Vasari, who came to see him in the spring of 1560, found him extremely weak. He hardly ever went out, and slept very little. Everything led people to presume that he had not long to live. In becoming weaker he became more tender and easily gave way to tears.

“I have been to see my great Michael Angelo,” wrote Vasari. “He did not expect my visit, and showed as much emotion as a father would have done on finding a lost son. He threw his arms around my neck and weeping with pleasure (‘lacrymando per dolcezza’) kissed me a thousand times.”

He had lost nothing, however, as regards lucidity of mind and energy. On the occasion of the visit related by Vasari he conversed at length with him on various


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Rh cost to themselves. There had been about that number of Spaniards at Daiquiri that mornings but they had fled even before the ships began shelling. In their place we found hundreds of Cuban insurgents, a crew of as utter tatterdemalions as human eyes ever looked on, armed with every kind of rifle in all stages of dilapidation. It was evident, at a glance, that they would be no use in serious fighting, but it was hoped that they might be of service in scouting. From a variety of causes, however, they turned out to be nearly useless, even for this purpose, so far as the Santiago campaign was concerned.

We were camped on a dusty, brush-covered flat, with jungle on one side, and on the other a shallow, fetid pool fringed with palm-trees. Huge land-crabs scuttled noisily through the underbrush, exciting much interest among the men. Camping was a simple matter, as each man carried all he had, and the officers had nothing. I took a light mackintosh and a toothbrush. Fortunately, that night it did not rain; and from the palm-leaves we built shelters from the sun.

General Lawton, a tall, fine-looking man, had taken the advance. A thorough soldier, he at once established outposts and pushed reconnoitring parties ahead on the trails. He had as little baggage as the rest of us. Our own Brigade-Commander, General


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 furious letter, which shows the astonishing vitality of this man of eighty-eight—six months before his death.

“I see from your letter that you believe certain envious rascals, who, because they can neither rob me, nor do what they like with me, write you a budget of lies. They are a band of scamps; and you are so stupid that you place faith in them on the subject of my affairs, as though I were a child. Send them about their business, they are people who bring only trouble with them, who inspire but envy, and who live the life of beggars. You say that I suffer from the point of view of service; but I tell you that, as regards servants, I could not be more faithfully served nor better treated in every way. And as to the fears of robbery to which you allude, I tell you that the people who are in my house are such that I can rest in peace as regards that, and have confidence in them. Therefore, think of yourself and not of my business. For I know how to defend myself in case of need and am not a child. Keep well!”

Leonardo was not alone in feeling anxious over the heritage. All Italy was Michael Angelo’s heir, especially the Duke of Tuscany and the Pope, who were very desirous not to lose the drawings and plans relative to the constructions of San Lorenzo and St. Peter. In June 1563, at the instigation of Vasari, Duke Cosimo charged his ambassador, Averardo Serristori, in view of Michael Angelo’s physical decline, to enter into a secret understanding with the Pope, to the effect that a strict watch should be exercised over his servants and all who frequented his house. In case of sudden death an inventory of all his possessions—drawings, cartoons, papers, and money—was immediately to be drawn up,


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76 Young, had exactly the same impedimenta that I had, namely, a mackintosh and a toothbrush. Next morning we were hard at work trying to get the stuff unloaded from the ship, and succeeded in getting most of it ashore, but were utterly unable to get transportation for anything but a very small quantity. The great shortcoming throughout the campaign was the utterly inadequate transportation. If we had been allowed to take our mule-train, we could have kept the whole cavalry division supplied.

In the afternoon word came to us to march. General Wheeler, a regular game-cock, was as anxious as Lawton to get first blood, and he was bent upon putting the cavalry division to the front as quickly as possible. Lawton's advance-guard was in touch with the Spaniards, and there had been a skirmish between the latter and some Cubans, who were repulsed. General Wheeler made a reconnoissance in person, found out where the enemy was, and directed General Young to take our brigade and move forward so as to strike him next morning. He had the power to do this, as when General Shaffer was afloat he had command ashore.

I had succeeded in finding Texas, my surviving horse, much the worse for his fortnight on the transport and his experience in getting off, but still able to carry me.


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