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SUBJECT INDEX

Air Force, Department of the—Continued I'ase Reserve components— Appropriation for 1214 Aviation career incentive pay 179 Deceased members, presentation of flag for 176 Facilities, construction, etc 1770 Military construction, appropriation for 2181 Military training, student load 404 Operation and maintenance, appropriation for 197, 1217 Selected Reserve, strength 402 Reserve Forces Facilities Authorization Act, 1975 1770 Air Pollution. See Pollution. Air Transportation Fair Competitive Practices Act of 1974, International..- 2102 Air Transportation Security Act of 1974 415 Aircraft: Antihijacking Act ofl974 409 Grand Canyon National Park, Ariz., operation within, regulation 2091 Passenger-carrying, transportation of radioactive materials on, regulations 2159 Aircraft, Missiles, Vessels, Etc., Armed Forces: Appropriation authorization 233, 400 Appropriation for procurement 197, 198, 1218-1222 Aircraft, Vessels, Facilities, Etc., Coast Guard, appropriation authorization. _ 1180 Airmen's Home, United States Soldiers' and, appropriation for 219, 1651 Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970, appropriation for effecting provisions 771 Alabama: Cahaba River, segment designated for possible inclusion in the national wild and scenic rivers system 2094 Ozark, aviation museum, conveyance of site for 1767 Sipsey Fork River, segment designated for possible inclusion in the national wild and scenic rivers system 2095 Sipsey Wilderness, designation 2097 Tuskegee, syphilis study, payments to subjects 1638 Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site, establishment 1462 Alamogordo Dam and Reservoir, N. Mex., name changed to Sumner Dam and Lake Sumner 1363 Alaska: Alaska Highway, appropriation for 774 Anchorage, land conveyance 1844 Archives and records, transfer from National Archives and Records Service 1740 Chamisso Wilderness, designation 2153 Ferry operations in 2284 Fishing vessels, certain inspection and loadline requirements, exemption- 1182, 1183 Gospel Missionary Union, land conveyance 2384 Native American Programs Act of 1974_ 2324 Alaska, Joint Federal-State Land Use Planning Commission for, appropria821 tion for Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, appropriation for effecting provisions. 811

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Alaska Native Fund, appropriation for 811 Alaska Power Administration, appropriation for 788 Alaska Railroad, appropriation for 776 Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health, National Panel on, establishment 134 Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration: Appropriation for 1640, 1773 Establishment 134 National Research Service Awards 342 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, Bureau of, appropriation for 225, 614 Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Interagency Committee on Federal Activities for, establishment 133 Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Advisory Council on, National Panel on Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health, member 134 Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute on: Biomedical and behavioral research, peer review of grant applications and contracts, cooperation 360 Departmental position of 135 Interagency Committee on Federal Activities for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Chairman 133 Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1974, Comprehensive 125 Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act of 1970, Comprehensive. See Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act of 1970. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Education Act, new title for the Drug Abuse Education Act of 1970 1154 Alcohol and Drug Abuse Education Act Amendments of 1974 1154 Alcoholism, counseling and recovery program 2299 Alcoholism and Intoxication Treatment Act, Uniform, grants for implementation 128 Aliens: [NOTE: For actions concerning individuals, see Individual Index, following this Subject Index.]

Amateur radio operator licenses, issuance to Defense, Department of, employment.. Energy Research and Development Administration, employment Farm labor contractors, employment by, prohibition Library of Congress, employment Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of: Appropriation for National Commission on Arthritis and Related Musculoskeletal Diseases, ex officio member Amendments of 1973 to Federal Law Relating to Explosives American Battle Monuments Commission, appropriation for 227, American Education Week, 1974, proclamation

NOTE: Part 1 contains pages 1-1362; Part 2 contains pages 1363-2646.

1576 1224 1240 1655 441 1639 2218 2217 1099 2533

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 SUBJECT INDEX American Forestry Week and World Page Forestry Day, 1974, proclamation 2459 American Heart Month, 1974, proclamation 2444 American Historical Association, National Study Commission on Records and Documents of Federal Officials, appointment of member 1700 American Hospital of Paris, Incorporated, board of governors, membership 85 American Indian Policy Review Commission, establishment 1910 American Legion, membership, eligibility for 1792 American-Mexican Boundary Treaty Act of 1972, appropriation for effecting provisions 1190 American-Mexican Treaty Act of 1950, appropriation for effecting provisions. 1190 American National Red Cross, disaster relief, cooperation 150 American Printing House for the Blind, appropriation for 1646 American Revolution Bicei\tennial: Coinage, continuation of minting authority 1739 Military bands, sale of recordings 1868 American Revolution Bicentennial Administration, appropriation for 201, 228, 821 American Samoa: Child abuse and neglect, demonstration programs, treatment as a State 2310 Excess Federal property, disposal 1926 Gifts sent from, duty and tax, exemption 2075 Handicapped children in, education programs, grants 581 Headstart programs, allotment of funds. 2301 Medical facilities, modernization and construction projects, allotment of funds 2262 Public water system safety program 1693 Submerged lands, conveyance to 1210 Teacher corps assistance 605 American War Mothers, membership, extension 85 Amtrak. See National Railroad Passenger Corporation. Amtrak Improvement Act of 1974 1526 Anadromous Fish Conservation Act: Amendments— Extension 398 Sea lamprey control 398 State cooperative agreements. Federal share increase 398 Appropriation for effecting provisions __ 805 Angola, U.S. policy on independence of-_ 1816 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, appropriation for 195,217, 1824 Anti-Deficiency Act, Amendment, contingency or savings reserves, establishment 332 Antidumping Act, 1921, Amendment, anti-price discrimination 2043-2049 Antietam Battlefield, Md., elimination of reporting requirements 1969 Antihijacking Act of 1974 409 Antitrust Procedures and Penalities Act.. 1706 Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Wis., appropriation ceiling increase 1445 Appalachian Regional Commission, appropriation for 790

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Appalachian Regional Development Act P»se of 1965: Appropriation for effecting provisions._ 790 Budget authority under, rescission of certain 1711 Public facility and housing assistance, applications in areas affected by major disasters, priority 151 Appeals, Courts of. See under Courts, United States. Appellate System, Commission on Revision of the Federal Court: Additional funds 1153 Appropriation for 1779 Report to President, Congress, and Chief Justice, time extension 1153 Appropriation Acts: Agriculture-Environmental and Consumer Protection, 1975 1822 Atomic Energy Commission, 1975 782 Commerce, Department of, 1975 1196 Continuing appropriations, 1975 281, 1363, 1867 Defense Department, 1975 1212 District of Columbia, 1975 822 Executive Office, 1975 617 Health, Education, and Welfare, Department of, 1975 1637 Housing and Urban Development, Department of, 1975 1095 Independent Offices, 1975 619 Interior Department and related agencies, 1975 803 Judiciary, 1975 1200 Justice, Department of, 1975 1192 Labor, Department of, 1975 1634 Legislative Branch, 1975 424 Military Construction, 1975 2179 Postal Service, 1975 616 Public Works for Water and Power Development, 1975 782 Second Supplemental, 1974 195 State, Department of, 1975 1187 Supplemental, 1974 76 Supplemental, 1975 1771 Supplemental, urgent 275, 2106 Transportation Department and related agencies, 1975 768 Treasury Department, 1975 613 Arab Repiiblic, United, restriction on assistance to, repeal 1813 Arapaho National Forest, Colo., boundary extension 1878 Archeological Data, Historical and, preservation 174 Architect of the Capitol: Appropriation for 206, 215, 437, 1777 Botanic Gardens— Appropriation for 215, 439 Employees, erroneous payment claims, waiver 393 Capitol buildings and grounds— Appropriation for 206, 437, 1777 Temporary and permanent construction, authorization 1914 Employees, erroneous payment claims, waiver 393 Library of Congress. See separate title. Office of the Attending Physician, compensation of registered nurses 1777 Procurement procedures, increased ceiling 390

NOTE: Part 1 contains pages 1-1362; Part 2 contains pages 1363-2545.

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SUBJECT INDEX

Architectural and Transportation Barriers Page Compliance B o a r d: Consumer Advisory Panel, appointment 1621 Program extension l6l9 Archives and Records Service, National: American Indian Policy Review Commission, disposition of records and papers in 1913 Appropriation for 226, 626 Archives and records, transfer of certain to Alaska 1740 Federal Register. See separate title. National S t u d y Commission on Records and Documents of Federal Officials, s u p p o r t services 1701 Records m a i n t a i n e d on individuals, disclosure 1897, 1904 Arizona: Cocopah T r i b e of Indians, transfer of lands 269 G r and Canyon National Monument, abolishment 2090 Grand C any o n National P a r k E n largement Act 2089 H a v a s u p a i Indians, lands held in t r u s t for 2091 Hopi and Navajo Tribes, land dispute, settlement 1712 H u a l a p a i Indian Tribe, lands held in t r u s t for 1820 Lake M e a d National Recreation Area, appropriation ceiling increase 1445 Marble C any o n National Monument, abolishment 2090 Navajo Tribe, lands held in t r u s t 1490 P a i n t e d Rock D a m, land acquisition for Department of the Interior 268 P a i u t e Indians, land allotment to certain 1716 San Carlos Apache Indian Tribe, lands held in t r u s t for 1711 T u b a City High School Public School District, assistance 1783 Y u m a, municipal and industrial water delivery system, feasibility s t u d y. _ 1498 Y u m a County, land conveyance 1895 Arizona, Community Act of 1974, Page.__ 1486 Arkansas: Caney Creek Wilderness, designation. 2097 Certain real property, release of conditions 1925 Upper Buffalo Wilderness, designation.. 2097 Armed Forces. See also Uniformed Services and individual services. Aircraft, missiles, naval vessels, etc., research and development, appropriation authorization 233, 400, 401 Aviation Career Incentive Act of 1974. _ 177 Aviation midshipman, service credit 1741 Child support and alimony obligations, garnishment of wages 2357 Claims, administrative settlement, increased limits 291 Commissary stores, surcharge 1765 Decorations for service in Southeast Asia, time limit for award of, extension 1422 Enlistments— High school diploma requirement, prohibition 234 Uniform qualifications for male and female persons 173 Federal procurement of property and services, increased ceiling 390

Funeral Transportation and Living Ex- Page pense Benefits Act of 1974 53 Insurance— Servicemen's Group Life Insurance— Maximum coverage, increase 166 National Guard, inclusion 165 Reserve components, inclusion 165 Veterans' Group Life Insurance 169 Members and civilians illegally detained in 1968, tax t r e a t m e n t 1953 Military bands, sale of recordings for American Revolution Bicentennial. 1868 Missing status—• Deceased members, funeral transportation and living expense benefits to families of 53 Joint income tax returns, filing by surviving spouse 1950 Memorial expenses for, reimbursement 2361 M o to r vehicles, shipment or r e s h i p m e n t. 1743 Moving expenses, tax s t a t u s of reimbursements for 1466 National Guard. See separate title. P a y and allowances— Aviation career incentive p a y 177 Certain c o m b a t pay, tax t r e a t m e n t.. 1950 Enlistment and reenlistment b o n u s e s. 119 Increases, computation 1152 Retirement pay, survivor a n n u i t i e s. _ 994 Prisoners of war, deceased, funeral transportation and living expense benefits to families of 53 Veterans. See separate title. Veterans' Insurance Act of 1974 165 Armed Forces Day, proclamation 2460 Armed Forces Enlisted P e r s o n n e l Bonus Revision Act of 1974 119 Arms Control and D i s a r m a m e n t Act: Amendment, experts and consultants, payment 289 Appropriation for effecting provisions __ 1204 Arms Control and D i s a r m a m e n t Agency, United States: Appropriation for 227, 1204 Authorization of funds 289 Army, Department of the. See also Armed Forces; Defense, Department of. Active d u t y personnel strength 401 Aircraft, missiles, etc.— Appropriation for procurement 197, 1218 Research and development, appropriation authorization 233, 400, 401 Appropriation for 196, 207, 219, 1213 Band, sale of recordings for American Revolution Bicentennial 1868 Cemeterial expenses, appropriation for. 1099 Civilian personnel strength 403 Deputy Chiefs of Staff, increase in n u m b e r authorized 1742 Disciplinary employees, retirement benefits to certain 355 Engineers, Corps of. See separate title. Family housing, appropriation for 2181 First Infantry Division, United States Forces in Vietnam, monument 741 Flood control. See separate title. Hydroelectric generating facilities, construction and enlargement opportunities 114 Land conveyances— Andrew Jackson Lodge N o. 5, F r a ternal Order of Police, Nashville, Tenn 19

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Summa Theologiae/Second Part of the Second Part/Question 118

Question. 118 - OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO LIBERALITY, AND IN THE FIRST PLACE, OF COVETOUSNESS (EIGHT ARTICLES)
We must now consider the vices opposed to liberality: and (1) covetousness; (2) prodigality.

Under the first head there are eight points of inquiry:

(1) Whether covetousness is a sin?

(2) Whether it is a special sin?

(3) To which virtue it is opposed;

(4) Whether it is a mortal sin?

(5) Whether it is the most grievous of sins?

(6) Whether it is a sin of the flesh or a spiritual sin?

(7) Whether it is a capital vice?

(8) Of its daughters.

Art. 1 - Whether covetousness is a sin?
Objection 1: It seems that covetousness is not aa sin. For covetousness [avaritia] denotes a certain greed for gold [aeris aviditas*], because, to wit, it consists in a desire for money, under which all external goods may be comprised. [*The Latin for covetousness "avaritia" is derived from "aveo" to desire; but the Greek {philargyria} signifies literally "love of money": and it is to this that St. Thomas is alluding (cf. A[2], OBJ[2])]. Now it is not a sin to desire external goods: since man desires them naturally, both because they are naturally subject to man, and because by their means man's life is sustained (for which reason they are spoken of as his substance). Therefore covetousness is not a sin.

Objection 2: Further, every sin is against either God, or one's neighbor, or oneself, as stated above (FS, Q[72], A[4]). But covetousness is not, properly speaking, a sin against God: since it is opposed neither to religion nor to the theological virtues, by which man is directed to God. Nor again is it a sin against oneself, for this pertains properly to gluttony and lust, of which the Apostle says (1 Cor. 6:18): "He that committeth fornication sinneth against his own body." In like manner neither is it apparently a sin against one's neighbor, since a man harms no one by keeping what is his own. Therefore covetousness is not a sin.

Objection 3: Further, things that occur naturally are not sins. Now covetousness comes naturally to old age and every kind of defect, according to the Philosopher (Ethic. iv, 1). Therefore covetousness is not a sin.

On the contrary, It is written (Heb. 13:5): "Let your manners be without covetousness, contented with such things as you have."

I answer that, In whatever things good consists in a due measure, evil must of necessity ensue through excess or deficiency of that measure. Now in all things that are for an end, the good consists in a certain measure: since whatever is directed to an end must needs be commensurate with the end, as, for instance, medicine is commensurate with health, as the Philosopher observes (Polit. i, 6). External goods come under the head of things useful for an end, as stated above (Q[117], A[3]; FS, Q[2], A[1]). Hence it must needs be that man's good in their respect consists in a certain measure, in other words, that man seeks, according to a certain measure, to have external riches, in so far as they are necessary for him to live in keeping with his condition of life. Wherefore it will be a sin for him to exceed this measure, by wishing to acquire or keep them immoderately. This is what is meant by covetousness, which is defined as "immoderate love of possessing." It is therefore evident that covetousness is a sin.

Reply to Objection 1: It is natural to man to desire external things as means to an end: wherefore this desire is devoid of sin, in so far as it is held in check by the rule taken from the nature of the end. But covetousness exceeds this rule, and therefore is a sin.

Reply to Objection 2: Covetousness may signify immoderation about external things in two ways. First, so as to regard immediately the acquisition and keeping of such things, when, to wit, a man acquires or keeps them more than is due. In this way it is a sin directly against one's neighbor, since one man cannot over-abound in external riches, without another man lacking them, for temporal goods cannot be possessed by many at the same time. Secondly, it may signify immoderation in the internal affection which a man has for riches when, for instance, a man loves them, desires them, or delights in them, immoderately. In this way by covetousness a man sins against himself, because it causes disorder in his affections, though not in his body as do the sins of the flesh.

As a consequence, however, it is a sin against God, just as all mortal sins, inasmuch as man contemns things eternal for the sake of temporal things.

Reply to Objection 3: Natural inclinations should be regulated according to reason, which is the governing power in human nature. Hence though old people seek more greedily the aid of external things, just as everyone that is in need seeks to have his need supplied, they are not excused from sin if they exceed this due measure of reason with regard to riches.

Art. 2 - Whether covetousness is a special sin?
Objection 1: It seems that covetousness is not a special sin. For Augustine says (De Lib. Arb. iii): "Covetousness, which in Greek is called {philargyria}, applies not only to silver or money, but also to anything that is desired immoderately." Now in every sin there is immoderate desire of something, because sin consists in turning away from the immutable good, and adhering to mutable goods, as state above (FS, Q[71], A[6], OBJ[3]). Therefore covetousness is a general sin.

Objection 2: Further, according to Isidore (Etym. x), "the covetous [avarus] man" is so called because he is "greedy for brass [avidus aeris]," i.e. money: wherefore in Greek covetousness is called {philargyria}, i.e. "love of silver." Now silver, which stands for money, signifies all external goods the value of which can be measured by money, as stated above (Q[117], A[2], ad 2). Therefore covetousness is a desire for any external thing: and consequently seems to be a general sin.

Objection 3: Further, a gloss on Rom. 7:7, "For I had not known concupiscence," says: "The law is good, since by forbidding concupiscence, it forbids all evil." Now the law seems to forbid especially the concupiscence of covetousness: hence it is written (Ex. 20:17): "Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's goods." Therefore the concupiscence of covetousness is all evil, and so covetousness is a general sin.

On the contrary, Covetousness is numbered together with other special sins (Rom. 1:29), where it is written: "Being filled with all iniquity, malice, fornication, covetousness" [Douay: 'avarice'], etc.

I answer that, Sins take their species from their objects, as stated above (FS, Q[72], A[1]). Now the object of a sin is the good towards which an inordinate appetite tends. Hence where there is a special aspect of good inordinately desired, there is a special kind of sin. Now the useful good differs in aspect from the delightful good. And riches, as such, come under the head of useful good, since they are desired under the aspect of being useful to man. Consequently covetousness is a special sin, forasmuch as it is an immoderate love of having possessions, which are comprised under the name of money, whence covetousness [avaritia] is denominated.

Since, however, the verb "to have," which seems to have been originally employed in connection with possessions whereof we are absolute masters, is applied to many other things (thus a man is said to have health, a wife, clothes, and so forth, as stated in De Praedicamentis), consequently the term "covetousness" has been amplified to denote all immoderate desire for having anything whatever. Thus Gregory says in a homily (xvi in Ev.) that "covetousness is a desire not only for money, but also for knowledge and high places, when prominence is immoderately sought after." In this way covetousness is not a special sin: and in this sense Augustine speaks of covetousness in the passage quoted in the First Objection. Wherefore this suffices for the Reply to the First Objection.

Reply to Objection 2: All those external things that are subject to the uses of human life are comprised under the term "money," inasmuch as they have the aspect of useful good. But there are certain external goods that can be obtained by money, such as pleasures, honors, and so forth, which are desirable under another aspect. Wherefore the desire for such things is not properly called covetousness, in so far as it is a special vice.

Reply to Objection 3: This gloss speaks of the inordinate concupiscence for anything whatever. For it is easy to understand that if it is forbidden to covet another's possessions it is also forbidden to covet those things that can be obtained by means of those possessions.

Art. 3 - Whether covetousness is opposed to liberality?
Objection 1: It seems that covetousness is not opposed to liberality. For Chrysostom, commenting on Mat. 5:6, "Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after justice," says, (Hom. xv in Matth.) that there are two kinds of justice, one general, and the other special, to which covetousness is opposed: and the Philosopher says the same (Ethic. v, 2). Therefore covetousness is not opposed to liberality.

Objection 2: Further, the sin of covetousness consists in a man's exceeding the measure in the things he possesses. But this measure is appointed by justice. Therefore covetousness is directly opposed to justice and not to liberality.

Objection 3: Further, liberality is a virtue that observes the mean between two contrary vices, as the Philosopher states (Ethic. i, 7; iv, 1). But covetousness has no contrary and opposite sin, according to the Philosopher (Ethic. v, 1,2). Therefore covetousness is not opposed to liberality.

On the contrary, It is written (Eccles. 5:9): "A covetous man shall not be satisfied with money, and he that loveth riches shall have no fruits from them." Now not to be satisfied with money and to love it inordinately are opposed to liberality, which observes the mean in the desire of riches. Therefore covetousness is opposed to liberality.

I answer that, Covetousness denotes immoderation with regard to riches in two ways. First, immediately in respect of the acquisition and keeping of riches. In this way a man obtains money beyond his due, by stealing or retaining another's property. This is opposed to justice, and in this sense covetousness is mentioned (Ezech. 22:27): "Her princes in the midst of her are like wolves ravening the prey to shed blood . . . and to run after gains through covetousness." Secondly, it denotes immoderation in the interior affections for riches; for instance, when a man loves or desires riches too much, or takes too much pleasure in them, even if he be unwilling to steal. In this way covetousness is opposed to liberality, which moderates these affections, as stated above (Q[117], A[2], ad 3, A[3], ad 3, A[6]). In this sense covetousness is spoken of (2 Cor. 9:5): "That they would . . . prepare this blessing before promised, to be ready, so as a blessing, not as covetousness," where a gloss observes: "Lest they should regret what they had given, and give but little."

Reply to Objection 1: Chrysostom and the Philosopher are speaking of covetousness in the first sense: covetousness in the second sense is called illiberality [*{aneleutheria}] by the Philosopher.

Reply to Objection 2: It belongs properly to justice to appoint the measure in the acquisition and keeping of riches from the point of view of legal due, so that a man should neither take nor retain another's property. But liberality appoints the measure of reason, principally in the interior affections, and consequently in the exterior taking and keeping of money, and in the spending of the same, in so far as these proceed from the interior affection, looking at the matter from the point of view not of the legal but of the moral debt, which latter depends on the rule of reason.

Reply to Objection 3: Covetousness as opposed to justice has no opposite vice: since it consists in having more than one ought according to justice, the contrary of which is to have less than one ought, and this is not a sin but a punishment. But covetousness as opposed to liberality has the vice of prodigality opposed to it.

Art. 4 - Whether covetousness is always a mortal sin?
Objection 1: It seems that covetousness is always a mortal sin. For no one is worthy of death save for a mortal sin. But men are worthy of death on account of covetousness. For the Apostle after saying (Rom. 1:29): "Being filled with all iniquity . . . fornication, covetousness [Douay: 'avarice']," etc. adds (Rom. 1:32): "They who do such things are worthy of death." Therefore covetousness is a mortal sin.

Objection 2: Further, the least degree of covetousness is to hold to one's own inordinately. But this seemingly is a mortal sin: for Basil says (Serm. super. Luc. xii, 18): "It is the hungry man's bread that thou keepest back, the naked man's cloak that thou hoardest, the needy man's money that thou possessest, hence thou despoilest as many as thou mightest succor."

Now it is a mortal sin to do an injustice to another, since it is contrary to the love of our neighbor. Much more therefore is all covetousness a mortal sin.

Objection 3: Further, no one is struck with spiritual blindness save through a mortal sin, for this deprives a man of the light of grace. But, according to Chrysostom [*Hom. xv in the Opus Imperfectum, falsely ascribed to St. Chrysostom], "Lust for money brings darkness on the soul." Therefore covetousness, which is lust for money, is a mortal sin.

On the contrary, A gloss on 1 Cor. 3:12, "If any man build upon this foundation," says (cf. St. Augustine, De Fide et Oper. xvi) that "he builds wood, hay, stubble, who thinks in the things of the world, how he may please the world," which pertains to the sin of covetousness. Now he that builds wood, hay, stubble, sins not mortally but venially, for it is said of him that "he shall be saved, yet so as by fire." Therefore covetousness is some times a venial sin.

I answer that, As stated above (A[3]) covetousness is twofold. In one way it is opposed to justice, and thus it is a mortal sin in respect of its genus. For in this sense covetousness consists in the unjust taking or retaining of another's property, and this belongs to theft or robbery, which are mortal sins, as stated above (Q[66], AA[6],8). Yet venial sin may occur in this kind of covetousness by reason of imperfection of the act, as stated above (Q[66], A[6], ad 3), when we were treating of theft.

In another way covetousness may be take as opposed to liberality: in which sense it denotes inordinate love of riches. Accordingly if the love of riches becomes so great as to be preferred to charity, in such wise that a man, through love of riches, fear not to act counter to the love of God and his neighbor, covetousness will then be a mortal sin. If, on the other hand, the inordinate nature of his love stops short of this, so that although he love riches too much, yet he does not prefer the love of them to the love of God, and is unwilling for the sake of riches to do anything in opposition to God or his neighbor, then covetousness is a venial sin.

Reply to Objection 1: Covetousness is numbered together with mortal sins, by reason of the aspect under which it is a mortal sin.

Reply to Objection 2: Basil is speaking of a case wherein a man is bound by a legal debt to give of his goods to the poor, either through fear of their want or on account of his having too much.

Reply to Objection 3: Lust for riches, properly speaking, brings darkness on the soul, when it puts out the light of charity, by preferring the love of riches to the love of God.

Art. 5 - Whether covetousness is the greatest of sins?
Objection 1: It seems that covetousness is the greatest of sins. For it is written (Ecclus. 10:9): "Nothing is more wicked than a covetous man," and the text continues: "There is not a more wicked thing than to love money: for such a one setteth even his own soul to sale." Tully also says (De Offic. i, under the heading, 'True magnanimity is based chiefly on two things'): "Nothing is so narrow or little minded as to love money." But this pertains to covetousness. Therefore covetousness is the most grievous of sins.

Objection 2: Further, the more a sin is opposed to charity, the more grievous it is. Now covetousness is most opposed to charity: for Augustine says (QQ[83], qu. 36) that "greed is the bane of charity." Therefore covetousness is the greatest of sins.

Objection 3: Further, the gravity of a sin is indicated by its being incurable: wherefore the sin against the Holy Ghost is said to be most grievous, because it is irremissible. But covetousness is an incurable sin: hence the Philosopher says (Ethic. iv, 1) that "old age and helplessness of any kind make men illiberal." Therefore covetousness is the most grievous of sins.

Objection 4: Further, the Apostle says (Eph. 5:5) that covetousness is "a serving of idols." Now idolatry is reckoned among the most grievous sins. Therefore covetousness is also.

On the contrary, Adultery is a more grievous sin than theft, according to Prov. 6:30. But theft pertains to covetousness. Therefore covetousness is not the most grievous of sins.

I answer that, Every sin, from the very fact that it is an evil, consists in the corruption or privation of some good: while, in so far as it is voluntary, it consists in the desire of some good. Consequently the order of sins may be considered in two ways. First, on the part of the good that is despised or corrupted by sin, and then the greater the good the graver the sin. From this point of view a sin that is against God is most grievous; after this comes a sin that is committed against a man's person, and after this comes a sin against external things, which are deputed to man's use, and this seems to belong to covetousness. Secondly, the degrees of sin may be considered on the part of the good to which the human appetite is inordinately subjected; and then the lesser the good, the more deformed is the sin: for it is more shameful to be subject to a lower than to a higher good. Now the good of external things is the lowest of human goods: since it is less than the good of the body, and this is less than the good of the soul, which is less than the Divine good. From this point of view the sin of covetousness, whereby the human appetite is subjected even to external things, has in a way a greater deformity. Since, however, corruption or privation of good is the formal element in sin, while conversion to a mutable good is the material element, the gravity of the sin is to be judged from the point of view of the good corrupted, rather than from that of the good to which the appetite is subjected. Hence we must assert that covetousness is not simply the most grievous of sins.

Reply to Objection 1: These authorities speak of covetousness on the part of the good to which the appetite is subjected. Hence (Ecclus. 10:10) it is given as a reason that the covetous man "setteth his own soul to sale"; because, to wit, he exposes his soul---that is, his life---to danger for the sake of money. Hence the text continues: "Because while he liveth he hath cast away"---that is, despised---"his bowels," in order to make money. Tully also adds that it is the mark of a "narrow mind," namely, that one be willing to be subject to money.

Reply to Objection 2: Augustine is taking greed generally, in reference to any temporal good, not in its special acceptation for covetousness: because greed for any temporal good is the bane of charity, inasmuch as a man turns away from the Divine good through cleaving to a temporal good.

Reply to Objection 3: The sin against the Holy Ghost is incurable in one way, covetousness in another. For the sin against the Holy Ghost is incurable by reason of contempt: for instance, because a man contemns God's mercy, or His justice, or some one of those things whereby man's sins are healed: wherefore incurability of this kind points to the greater gravity of the sin. on the other hand, covetousness is incurable on the part of a human defect; a thing which human nature ever seeks to remedy, since the more deficient one is the more one seeks relief from external things, and consequently the more one gives way to covetousness. Hence incurability of this kind is an indication not of the sin being more grievous, but of its being somewhat more dangerous.

Reply to Objection 4: Covetousness is compared to idolatry on account of a certain likeness that it bears to it: because the covetous man, like the idolater, subjects himself to an external creature, though not in the same way. For the idolater subjects himself to an external creature by paying it Divine honor, whereas the covetous man subjects himself to an external creature by desiring it immoderately for use, not for worship. Hence it does not follow that covetousness is as grievous a sin as idolatry.

Art. 6 - Whether covetousness is a spiritual sin?
Objection 1: It seems that covetousness is not a spiritual sin. For spiritual sins seem to regard spiritual goods. But the matter of covetousness is bodily goods, namely, external riches. Therefore covetousness is not a spiritual sin.

Objection 2: Further, spiritual sin is condivided with sin of the flesh. Now covetousness is seemingly a sin of the flesh, for it results from the corruption of the flesh, as instanced in old people who, through corruption of carnal nature, fall into covetousness. Therefore covetousness is not a spiritual sin.

Objection 3: Further, a sin of the flesh is one by which man's body is disordered, according to the saying of the Apostle (1 Cor. 6:18), "He that committeth fornication sinneth against his own body." Now covetousness disturbs man even in his body; wherefore Chrysostom (Hom. xxix in Matth.) compares the covetous man to the man who was possessed by the devil (Mk. 5) and was troubled in body. Therefore covetousness seems not to be a spiritual sin.

On the contrary, Gregory (Moral. xxxi) numbers covetousness among spiritual vices.

I answer that, Sins are seated chiefly in the affections: and all the affections or passions of the soul have their term in pleasure and sorrow, according to the Philosopher (Ethic. ii, 5). Now some pleasures are carnal and some spiritual. Carnal pleasures are those which are consummated in the carnal senses---for instance, the pleasures of the table and sexual pleasures: while spiritual pleasures are those which are consummated in the mere apprehension of the soul. Accordingly, sins of the flesh are those which are consummated in carnal pleasures, while spiritual sins are consummated in pleasures of the spirit without pleasure of the flesh. Such is covetousness: for the covetous man takes pleasure in the consideration of himself as a possessor of riches. Therefore covetousness is a spiritual sin.

Reply to Objection 1: Covetousness with regard to a bodily object seeks the pleasure, not of the body but only of the soul, forasmuch as a man takes pleasure in the fact that he possesses riches: wherefore it is not a sin of the flesh. Nevertheless by reason of its object it is a mean between purely spiritual sins, which seek spiritual pleasure in respect of spiritual objects (thus pride is about excellence), and purely carnal sins, which seek a purely bodily pleasure in respect of a bodily object.

Reply to Objection 2: Movement takes its species from the term "whereto" and not from the term "wherefrom." Hence a vice of the flesh is so called from its tending to a pleasure of the flesh, and not from its originating in some defect of the flesh.

Reply to Objection 3: Chrysostom compares a covetous man to the man who was possessed by the devil, not that the former is troubled in the flesh in the same way as the latter, but by way of contrast, since while the possessed man, of whom we read in Mk. 5, stripped himself, the covetous man loads himself with an excess of riches.

Art. 7 - Whether covetousness is a capital vice?
Objection 1: It seems that covetousness is not a capital vice. For covetousness is opposed to liberality as the mean, and to prodigality as extreme. But neither is liberality a principal virtue, nor prodigality a capital vice. Therefore covetousness also should not be reckoned a capital vice.

Objection 2: Further, as stated above (FS, Q[84], AA[3],4), those vices are called capital which have principal ends, to which the ends of other vices are directed. But this does not apply to covetousness: since riches have the aspect, not of an end, but rather of something directed to an end, as stated in Ethic. i, 5. Therefore covetousness is not a capital vice.

Objection 3: Further, Gregory says (Moral. xv), that "covetousness arises sometimes from pride, sometimes from fear. For there are those who, when they think that they lack the needful for their expenses, allow the mind to give way to covetousness. And there are others who, wishing to be thought more of, are incited to greed for other people's property." Therefore covetousness arises from other vices instead of being a capital vice in respect of other vices.

On the contrary, Gregory (Moral. xxxi) reckons covetousness among the capital vices.

I answer that, As stated in the Second Objection, a capital vice is one which under the aspect of end gives rise to other vices: because when an end is very desirable, the result is that through desire thereof man sets about doing many things either good or evil. Now the most desirable end is happiness or felicity, which is the last end of human life, as stated above (FS, Q[1], AA[4],7,8): wherefore the more a thing is furnished with the conditions of happiness, the more desirable it is. Also one of the conditions of happiness is that it be self-sufficing, else it would not set man's appetite at rest, as the last end does. Now riches give great promise of self-sufficiency, as Boethius says (De Consol. iii): the reason of which, according to the Philosopher (Ethic. v, 5), is that we "use money in token of taking possession of something," and again it is written (Eccles. 10:19): "All things obey money." Therefore covetousness, which is desire for money, is a capital vice.

Reply to Objection 1: Virtue is perfected in accordance with reason, but vice is perfected in accordance with the inclination of the sensitive appetite. Now reason and sensitive appetite do not belong chiefly to the same genus, and consequently it does not follow that principal vice is opposed to principal virtue. Wherefore, although liberality is not a principal virtue, since it does not regard the principal good of the reason, yet covetousness is a principal vice, because it regards money, which occupies a principal place among sensible goods, for the reason given in the Article.

On the other hand, prodigality is not directed to an end that is desirable principally, indeed it seems rather to result from a lack of reason. Hence the Philosopher says (Ethic. iv, 1) that "a prodigal man is a fool rather than a knave."

Reply to Objection 2: It is true that money is directed to something else as its end: yet in so far as it is useful for obtaining all sensible things, it contains, in a way, all things virtually. Hence it has a certain likeness to happiness, as stated in the Article.

Reply to Objection 3: Nothing prevents a capital vice from arising sometimes out of other vices, as stated above (Q[36], A[4], ad 1; FS, Q[84], A[4]), provided that itself be frequently the source of others.

Art. 8 - Whether treachery, fraud, falsehood, perjury, restlessness, violence, and insensibility to mercy are daughters of covetousness?
Objection 1: It seems that the daughters of covetousness are not as commonly stated, namely, "treachery, fraud, falsehood, perjury, restlessness, violence, and insensibility to mercy." For covetousness is opposed to liberality, as stated above (A[3]). Now treachery, fraud, and falsehood are opposed to prudence, perjury to religion, restlessness to hope, or to charity which rests in the beloved object, violence to justice, insensibility to mercy. Therefore these vices have no connection with covetousness.

Objection 2: Further, treachery, fraud and falsehood seem to pertain to the same thing, namely, the deceiving of one's neighbor. Therefore they should not be reckoned as different daughters of covetousness.

Objection 3: Further, Isidore (Comment. in Deut.) enumerates nine daughters of covetousness; which are "lying, fraud, theft, perjury, greed of filthy lucre, false witnessing, violence, inhumanity, rapacity." Therefore the former reckoning of daughters is insufficient.

Objection 4: Further, the Philosopher (Ethic. iv, 1) mentions many kinds of vices as belonging to covetousness which he calls illiberality, for he speaks of those who are "sparing, tight-fisted, skinflints [*{kyminopristes}], misers [*{kimbikes}], who do illiberal deeds," and of those who "batten on whoredom, usurers, gamblers, despoilers of the dead, and robbers." Therefore it seems that the aforesaid enumeration is insufficient.

Objection 5: Further, tyrants use much violence against their subjects. But the Philosopher says (Ethic. iv, 1) that "tyrants who destroy cities and despoil sacred places are not to be called illiberal," i.e. covetous. Therefore violence should not be reckoned a daughter of covetousness.

On the contrary, Gregory (Moral. xxxi) assigns to covetousness the daughters mentioned above.

I answer that, The daughters of covetousness are the vices which arise therefrom, especially in respect of the desire of an end. Now since covetousness is excessive love of possessing riches, it exceeds in two things. For in the first place it exceeds in retaining, and in this respect covetousness gives rise to "insensibility to mercy," because, to wit, a man's heart is not softened by mercy to assist the needy with his riches [*See Q[30], A[1]]. In the second place it belongs to covetousness to exceed in receiving, and in this respect covetousness may be considered in two ways. First as in the thought [affectu]. In this way it gives rise to "restlessness," by hindering man with excessive anxiety and care, for "a covetous man shall not be satisfied with money" (Eccles. 5:9). Secondly, it may be considered in the execution [effectu]. In this way the covetous man, in acquiring other people's goods, sometimes employs force, which pertains to "violence," sometimes deceit, and then if he has recourse to words, it is "falsehood," if it be mere words, "perjury" if he confirm his statement by oath; if he has recourse to deeds, and the deceit affects things, we have "fraud"; if persons, then we have "treachery," as in the case of Judas, who betrayed Christ through covetousness.

Reply to Objection 1: There is no need for the daughters of a capital sin to belong to that same kind of vice: because a sin of one kind allows of sins even of a different kind being directed to its end; seeing that it is one thing for a sin to have daughters, and another for it to have species.

Reply to Objection 2: These three are distinguished as stated in the Article.

Reply to Objection 3: These nine are reducible to the seven aforesaid. For lying and false witnessing are comprised under falsehood, since false witnessing is a special kind of lie, just as theft is a special kind of fraud, wherefore it is comprised under fraud; and greed of filthy lucre belongs to restlessness; rapacity is comprised under violence, since it is a species thereof; and inhumanity is the same as insensibility to mercy.

Reply to Objection 4: The vices mentioned by Aristotle are species rather than daughters of illiberality or covetousness. For a man may be said to be illiberal or covetous through a defect in giving. If he gives but little he is said to be "sparing"; if nothing, he is "tightfisted": if he gives with great reluctance, he is said to be {kyminopristes} [skinflint], a cumin-seller, as it were, because he makes a great fuss about things of little value. Sometimes a man is said to be illiberal or covetous, through an excess in receiving, and this in two ways. In one way, through making money by disgraceful means, whether in performing shameful and servile works by means of illiberal practices, or by acquiring more through sinful deeds, such as whoredom or the like, or by making a profit where one ought to have given gratis, as in the case of usury, or by laboring much to make little profit. In another way, in making money by unjust means, whether by using violence on the living, as robbers do, or by despoiling the dead, or by preying on one's friends, as gamblers do.

Reply to Objection 5: Just as liberality is about moderate sums of money, so is illiberality. Wherefore tyrants who take great things by violence, are said to be, not illiberal, but unjust.


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 SUBJECT INDEX Page Arthritis Month, National, 1974, proc-

Louisiana, Saint Tammany Parish... 1768 Montana 25 Mountrail County Park Commission, N. Dak 24 Ozark, Ala 1767 Tennessee 15 Medical officers in initial residency, continuation pay 792 Military Academy, United States, Laotian citizen, attendance 244 Military Construction Appropriation Act, 1975 2179 Military Construction Authorization Act, 1975 1745 Military training, student load 404 National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice, appropriation for... 1217 National Guard. See Army under National Guard. Operation and maintenance, appropriation for 196, 1215 Personnel and equipment, loan to Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife 124 Physicians, dentists, and medical officers, revised pay structure 94, 95 Procurement, appropriation for 197, 1218, 1219 Reductions in force, discharge of commissioned officers 1793 Reporting requirements, elimination of certain 1968 Research and development, etc., appropriation for 1222 Reserve components— Appropriation for 1213 Aviation career incentive pay 179 Deceased members, presentation of flag for 176 Facilities, construction, etc 1770 Military construction, appropriation for 2181 Military training, student load 404 Operation and maintenance, appropriation for 1216 Selected Reserve, strength 402 Reserve Forces Facilities Authorization Act, 1975 1770 San Juan National Historic Site, Puerto Rico, damage studies 1447 United States Army Command and General Staff College, degree of master of military art and science, requirements 407 United States Soldiers' and Airmen's Home, appropriation for 219, 1651 Art, National Gallery of, appropriation for. 821 Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases, National Institute of: Appropriation for 1639 Associate Director for Arthritis and Related Musculoskeletal Disease.. _ 2224 National Commission on Arthritis, and Related Musculoskeletal Diseases, ex officio member 2218 National Commission on Diabetes, member 374 Arthritis Act ofl 974, National 2217 Arthritis and Related Musculoskeletal Diseases, National Commission on, establishment 2218 Arthritis Coordinating Committee, estabment 2221

C7 Pi^ee 2478

lamation Arthritis Screening and Detection Data Bank, establishment 2222 Arts, Commission of Fine, appropriation for 227, 818 Arts, National Endowment for the: Appropriation for 819 Rail terminals of historical or architectural significance, preservation or reuse program, consultation 1528 Arts and the Humanities, National Foundation on the: Appropriation for 819 Career Education, National Advisory Council for, member 652 Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965, National Foundation on the, appropriation for effecting provisions 819 Asian Development Bank Act, Amendment, U.S. participation, increase 1735 Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, appropriation for 1198 Atomic Energy Act of 1954: Amendments— International agreements for nuclear cooperation, congressional approval 1460 Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, employees, disbursement of salaries 1776 Meritorious contribution awards, consultation with General Advisory Committee 119 Nuclear information, availability to Congress 1611 Patents, licensing requirements, extension 475 Special nuclear materials— International distribution 473-4 75 Licenses, exemptions 475 Appropriation for effecting provisions.. 278, 279, 782 Repeal of certain provisions 1237 Atomic Energy Commission: Abolishment; transfer of functions to the Energy Research and Development Administration 1237 Appropriation Act, 1975 782 Appropriation for 225, 278, 782, 1778 Atomic weapons information rewards. _ 473 Facilities, research, etc., appropriation authorization 115, 1878 General provisions. Appropriation Act. 783 Geothermal Energy Coordination and Management Project, member; cooperation 1081 Licensing and regulatory functions and personnel, transfer to Nuclear Regulatory Commission 1243 Personnel and equipment, loan to Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife 124 Review of activities, elimination of report requirement 1970 Safeguards Program, appropriation authorization 1878 Solar Energy Coordination and Management Project, member 1432 Special nuclear materials— Access approval, authority 475 International distribution. Congressional review 473 Atomic Energy Community Act of 1965, repeal of certain provisions 1970

NOTE: Part 1 contains pages 1-1362; Part 2 contains pages 1363-2545.

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SUBJECT INDEX

Atomic Safety and Licensing Appeal Board, ^^ee transfer of functions to Nuclear Regulatory Commission 1243 Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel, transfer of functions to Nuclear Regulatory Commission 1243 Atomic Weapons and Special Nuclear Materials Rewards Act, new title for Atomic Weapons Rewards Act of 1955 472 Atomic Weapons Rewards Act of 1955, Amendments: Information rewards, authority of the Attorney General 472 Title changed to Atomic Weapons and Special Nuclear Materials Rewards Act 472 Attorney General: Appointments by— National Institute of Corrections, Advisory Board, members 1139 National Study Commission on Records and Documents of Federal Officials, m e m b e r 1700 Atomic weapons information rewards, authority 472 De Luz D a m, Calif., report to Congress on, elimination 1967 Deepwater ports, applications for licenses, submittal to 2136 Egg Research and Consumer Information Act, civil action 1177 Employee pension benefits, civil action _ 893 Equal educational opportunity, civil action for relief 516 Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, violations of, report to Federal Election Commission... 1285 Fishery m a n a g e m e n t jurisdiction, enforcement study, cooperation 1183 Freedom of information cases, annual report 1564 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Coordinating Council on, Chairman 1116 National Commission on Electronic F u n d Transfers, member 1508 Oil spills, uniform law for liability, study 2145 Practitioners, narcotic drug dispensation, annual registration 124 Public safety awards, selection of individuals for 1544 Attorneys and Marshals, United States, appropriation for 1192 Automated Data and Telecommunications Service, appropriation for 226, 627 Automobile and Adaptive Equipment Amendments of 1974, Disabled Veterans' and Servicemen's 1736 Aviation Act of 1958, Federal. See Federal Aviation Act of 1958. Aviation Administration, Federal: Air Transportation Security Act of 1974 415 Appropriation for 224, 771 Grants-in-aid for airports, availability of funds 1779 Military participation under agreements with Armed Forces, elimination of report requirement 1970 Aviation Career Incentive Act of 1974 177

Aviation Facilities Act, International, Amendment, international user charges, negotiations for reduction of discriminatory charges

^^s^e 2103

B Ball Bearings, modification of trade agreem e n t concessions; adjustment of duty, proclamation 2464 Baltimore-Washington Parkway, appropriation for 775 Bangladesh, relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction assistance 1363 Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, appropriation for effecting provisions 1831 Bankruptcy Laws of the United States, Commission on, report of, printing of additional copies 2398 Banks and Banking: Agricultural credit, foreign assistance programs relating to 1796 Asian Development Bank, United States participation, increase 1735 Business or agricultural loans, interest rates 1558 Caribbean Development Bank, participation in by P u e r to R i c o. 1818 Deposits in U.S. banks, interest on certain, exemption extension 2116 E x p o r t - I m p o r t B a n k Amendments of 1974 2333 E x p o r t - I m p o r t Bank of the United States, appropriation for 230 Federal Deposit Insurance Act. See separate title. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation— National Commission on Electronic F u n d Transfers, m e m b e r 1508 Real estate settlement— Congressional action, necessity for further, consultation 1730 Statement of costs, standard form, consultation 1725 Unfair or deceptive practices in or affecting consumers, enforcement of regulations 2197 Federal H o m e Loan B a n k Act. See separate title. Federal H o m e Loan Bank B o a r d — Appropriation for 227, 1106 Certain securities, transfer of regulatory authority to 1503 National Commission on Electronic F u n d Transfers, m e m b e r 1508 Real estate settlement — Congressional action, necessity for further, consultation 1730 Statement of costs, standard form, consultation 1725 Federal Reserve Act. See separate title. Federal Reserve System— Board of Governors, unfair or deceptive practices in or affecting commerce, regulatory authority. - 2196 E q u a l Credit O p p o r t u n i t y Act 1521 National Commission on Electronic F u n d Transfers, m e m b e r 1508 Federal savings and loan associations, lending and investment authority____ 715, 716 Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation— Appropriation for 1108

NOTE: Part 1 contains p^es 1-1362; Part 2 contains pages 1363-2645.

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 SUBJECT INDEX Public deposits, insurance, clarifica- Page tion of authority 1739 Public fund accounts, deposit insurance coverage 1501 Secondary reserve adjustment 1507 Indian Financing Act of 1974 77 Appropriation for effecting provisions 811 Interest penalties for p r e m a t u r e withdrawal of savings, tax deduction 1458 M o n e y orders and traveler's checks, abandoned, disposition of 1525 National B a n k Act, amendment, public housing obligations, investment 668 National banks, real estate loans 716, 725 Political contributions, prohibitions, increased penalty for violation 1267 Securities Exchange Act of 1934, amendment. Federal H o m e Loan Bank Board, certain securities, transfer of regulatory authority to 1503 Traveler's checks and money orders, abandoned, disposition of 1525 Beef, temporary q u a n t i t a t i v e limitation on importation into the United States from Canada, proclamation 2540 Beekeepers, indemnity payments to, appropriation for 1829 Bicentennial Administration, American Revolution, appropriation for.. 201, 228, 821 Bicycles: Bikeways, demonstration program 2288 D u t y suspension on certain part s and accessories 1466 Big Cypress National Preserve, Fla., establishment 1258 Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Tenn.-Ky., establishment. _ 43 Big Thicket National Preserve, Tex., establishment 1254 Bilingual Education, National Advisory Council on, establishment 510 Bilingual Education, Office of, establishment 509 Bilingual Education Act, Amendment, extension 503 Bill of Rights Day—Human Rights Day and Week, proclamation 2543 Biomedical and Behavioral Research, National Advisory Council for the Protection of Subjects of, establishment 351 Biomedical and Behavioral Research, National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of, establishment 348 Biomedical Research Panel, President's, establishment 361 Bird Treaty Act, Migratory, Amendment, migratory bird products; sale, purchase, or shipment of, prohibition. 190 Biscayne National Monument, Fla., acquisition ceiling increase; b o u n d a r y changes 1445, 1446 Blind: American Printing House for the Blind, appropriation for 1646 Books for, appropriation for 207, 440 Committee for Purchase of Products and Services of the Blind and Other Severely H and i c a p p e d — Additional member 393 Appropriation authorization 393 Appropriation for 621

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N a m e changed to Committee for Pase Purchase from the Blind and Other Severely Handicapped 392 National Center for Deaf-Blind Y o u t h and Adults— Program extension 1619 Report to Congress, elimination 1968 Randolph-Sheppard Act Amendments of 1974 1622 Vending facilities on Federal property, priority to operate 1622 White Cane Safety Day, 1974, proclamation 2491 Blind and Visually Handicapped, Office for the, additional personnel 1629 Board for International Broadcasting, appropriation for 1204 Board for International Broadcasting Act of 1973, Amendment, authorization of funds 781 Boat Safety Act of 1971, Federal, appropriation for eflfecting provisions.. 770 Boating Week, National Safe, 1974, proclamation. 2453 Bonneville Power Administration: Appropriation for 222, 279, 788 Federal Columbia River Transmission System Act 1376 Books for the Blind and Handicapped, appropriation for 207, 440 Boston National Historical Park Act of 1974 1184 Boston National Historical Park Advisory Commission, establishment 1185 Botanic Gardens: Appropriation for 215, 439 Employees, erroneous payment claims, waiver 393 Boulder City Act of 1958, Amendment, assistance to for water supply, elimination of report requirement 1970 Bows and Arrows, excise tax, postponement 238 Boy Scouts of America: Gulf Coast Council, land conveyance authorization 1768 Sex discrimination prohibition, exemption 1862 Brandy, modification of trade agreement concessions; adjustment of duty, proclamation 2494 Bridgeport Indian Colony, Calif., lands in t r u s t 1368 Bridges: Auburn, Calif 2287 Auburn D a m and Reservoir, American River, Calif 22 Chester Bridge, 111. and Mo., contract for operation, etc., time e x t e n s i o n.. 1659 Coast Guard, payment to owners for alterations 1182 Cocopah Indian reservation, Ariz., construction of three bridges across a bypass drain 269 Federal dams, bridge construction emergency fund, increased authorization for 2290 Overseas Highway to Key West, Fla., authorization of funds for reconstruction of bridges 2288 Special replacement program, increased funds authorized 2286 Broadcasting, Board for International, appropriation for 1204

NOTE: Part 1 contains pages 1-1362; Part 2 contains p^es 1363-2545.

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Broadcasting, Corporation for Public, P^se appropriation for 1649 Broadcasting Act of 1973, Board for International, Amendment, authorization of funds 781 Budget Act of 1974, Congressional 297 Appropriation for effecting provisions __ 1776 Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, Amendments: Office of M a n a g e m e n t and Budget, Director and Deputy Director, Senate confirmation 11 President's budget, contents; midyear review; five-year proj ection 323, 324 Budget and Accounting Procedures Act of 1950, repeal of i m p o u n d m e n t reporting provision 332 Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, Congressional 297 Budget Office, Congressional: Budget, submittal to Congress, s t u d y 321 Congressional budget actions, periodic reports 314 Establishment 302 Fiscal, budgetary, and program-related d a t a and information systems 329 Joint Committee on Reduction of Federal Expenditures, transfer of functions from 304 Building Sciences, National Institute of, establishment 730 Bureau of Accounts, appropriation for 210, 212, 225, 614 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, appropriation for 225, 614 Bureau of Customs: Appropriation for 225 Border facilities, increased funds for 794 Bureau of Indian Affairs, appropriation for 200, 222, 809, 1783 Bureau of Labor Statistics: Appropriation for 223, 1637, 1772 Education Statistics, Advisory Council on, member 556 Bureau of Land Management: Appropriation for 200, 222, 803, 805, 1782 Budget authority, rescission of certain. _ 1710 Bureau of M i n e s: Appropriation for 222, 277, 809 Lignite coal research laboratory, N. Dak., activities, elimination of reporting requirements 1969 Transfer of certain functions to the Energy Research and Development Administration 1237 Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Assistant Secretary for, compensation 238 Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, appropriation for 222, 805 Bureau of Prisons: Appropriation for 223, 1194 Employees, retirement benefits 355 National Institute of Corrections, establishment 1139 Bureau of Reclamation, appropriation for_ 207, 222, 785, 1778 Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife: Appropriation for 200, 222 Federal agency loan of personnel and equipment 123

R e p l a c e m e n t by United States Fish PaKe and Wildlife Service 92 Bureau of the Mint, appropriation for__ 225, 615 Bureau of the Public Debt, appropriation for 212, 225, 615 Business Act, Small. See Small Business Act. Business Administration, Domestic and International, appropriation for__ 218, 1196 Business Enterprise, Minority, a p p r o priation for 218, 1197 Business Loan and Investment Fund, appropriation for 1206

Cabrillo National Monument, Calif., b o u n d a r y revision, proclamation California: Agua Tibia Wilderness, designation American River, segment designated for possible inclusion in national wild and scenic rivers system Auburn, bridge construction authorization A u b u r n D a m and Reservoir, American River, road and bridge construction Bridgeport Indian Colony, lands in trust Cabrillo National Monument, b o u n d a r y revision, proclamation Channel Islands National Monument, development ceiling increase; donation of land to 1446, Cherry Creek exclusion, review of suitability for preservation as a wilderness and addition to Hoover Wilderness Coachella Canal of the Boulder C any o n project, canal or canal lining, construction E m i g r a n t Wilderness, designation Farallon National Wildlife Refuge, designation of Farallon Wilderness within Golden Gate National Recreation Area, additional lands Hensley Lake, designation Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University, grants to Lake Casitas Recreation Area, acquisition of additional l and for open space L a v a Beds National Monument, boundary change Point Reyes National Seashore, additional lands Sacramento River, b a n k erosion control works and setback levees San Francisco cable cars, 100th anniversary, commemorative medals, authorization extension Sequoia National Park, use of certain lands within for a hydroelectric project Solano County, potential water resource development program, feasibility study ^ Solano project, recreation facilities, authorization Toulumne River, segment designated for possible inclusion in national wild and scenic rivers system

NOTE: Part 1 contains pages 1-1362; Part 2 contains P£«es 1363-2645.

2514 2154 2094 2287 22 1368 2514

1447

2155 268 2154 1744 1741 1959 1918 1493 1447 1744 49 1978 1660 1498 1494 2095

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 SUBJECT INDEX

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Cambodia: Page Career Education, Office of: I'ase Career Education, National Advisory C o m b a t activities in or over, restriction Council for, member 552 on funds 232, 285, 1231 Establishment 551 Economic and military assistance, limitations 1810 Caribbean Development Bank, participation in by P u e r to Rico 1818 Relief and reconstruction, authorization of funds for 1807 Carpools, demonstration program applications, extension 2289 Camp Fire Girls, exemption from sex discrimination prohibitions 1862 Cascade Head Scenic-Research Area, Oreg., establishment 1732 Campaign Finance Reform and Conflict of Interest Act, District of Columbia 446 Cattle, temporary quantitative limitation on importation into the United States Campus Disrupters, denial of financial from Canada, proclamation 2540 assistance 1102, 1209, 1231, 1651 Cecil M. Harden Lake, Ind., designation. 1659 Canada: Census, Bureau of the. See Social and Cattle, beef, veal, swine and pork, Economic Statistics Administration. temporary q u a n t i t a t i v e limitation on importation from, proclamation - 2540 Centennial Safe, congressional acceptance 2424 Deepwater ports, negotiations with 2147 F e r r y operations 2284 Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East and West, a p Trade relations with, sense of Congress. 2076 propriation for 208, 1191 Canada, International Boundary ComCenter for Disease Control, appropriation mission, United States and, approprifor 1638 ation for 1190 Central Intelligence Agency, intelligence Canada, International Joint Commission, activities, limitation on funds for 1804 United States and, appropriation for. 1190 Channel Islands National Monument, Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Project, Calif., development ceiling increase; telescope and articles for, duty-free donation of land to 1446, 1447 entry 2152 Chattooga River, N.C.-S.C.-Ga., comCanal Zone: ponent of national wild and scenic Canal Zone Government— rivers system, designation 122 Appropriation for 220, 778 Claims settlement 1973 Cheese, filled, repeal of regulatory tax e s.. 1466 Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes, Okla., lands Marriage license authority, transfer held in t r u s t for 1915 to 1417, 1419 Child Abuse and Neglect, Advisory Board P a n a m a Canal Company on, establishment 7 Appropriation for 220, 779 Borrowing authority, increase 1966 Child Abuse and Neglect, National Center on, establishment 5 Canal Zone Code, Amendments: Borrowing authority, increase 1966 Child Abuse Prevention Act, 1973, printing of additional copies of hearings o n. 2398 Claims settlement 1973 Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Canaveral National Seashore, Fla., estabAct 4 lishment 2121 Amendment, demonstration programs, Canaveral National Seashore Advisory definition of " State " 2310 Commission, establishment 2124 Appropriation for effecting proviCancer Act Amendments of 1974, Nasions 204, 1646 tional 358 Cancer Control Month, 1974, proclamation. 2469 Child Day Care Services, standard s for grants to States 2342 Cancer Institute, National: Appropriation for 1638 Child Development, Office of: Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Program extension 358 Neglect, member 7 Uterine cancer diagnosis, trial program. _ 359 Appropriation for 204 Cape Lookout National Seashore, N.C., land acquisition 1448 Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of: Capital Planning Act of 1952, National, Advisory Board on Child Abuse and appropriation for effecting provisions. 819 Neglect, member 7 Capital Planning Commission, National, Appropriation for 1639 appropriation for 228, 819 National Commission on Diabetes, Capital Transportation Act of 1969, Namember 374 tional, appropriation for effecting provisions 779 Child Health Day, 1974, proclamation... 2524 Capitol Buildings and Grounds: Child Nutrition Act Amendments of 1974, Appropriation for 206, 437, 1777 National School Lunch and 286 Architect of the Capitol. See separate Child Nutrition Act of 1966: title. Amendments— Temporary and p e r m a n e n t construction, Nonfood assistance program, inauthorization 1914 creased authorization 287 Capitol Police: Special milk program, reimbursement, Appropriation for 434 minimum rate 341 Overtime compensation 430 Special supplemental food program, Captive National Week, 1974, proclamation 2492 increased authorization 287 Carboxymethyl Cellulose Salts, d u t y susAppropriation for effecting provisions.. 195, pension 1457 1827, 1841 Career Education, National Advisory Child Support Programs, assistance to Council for, establishment 552 States 2351 NOTE: Part 1 contains pages 1-1362; Part 2 contains p£«es 1369-2546.

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Rh He had only a fleeting glimpse of the fellows at that time, for they ran off too rapidly to allow a closer acquaintance. Chief Hogg had hunted for them high and low, but so far as Frank knew had not been successful in finding them.

He did not utter a word to indicate that he had guessed the truth; but those beady eyes of Joey were upon him, and the man could see that something had come to the boy.

"Is your name Frank Allen?" demanded the other, harshly.

At first Frank was tempted to remain silent. He would not deny the fact, but he did not feel like admitting it. Then he realized that even his hesitation would tell the story.

"Yes, it is," he said, firmly and defiantly; "now, are you going to let me up?"

"Got that cord, Joey?" asked the man called Martin, quietly.

Frank felt a thrill of alarm. What could these men mean to do with him? He did not fancy their looks in the least, for they seemed bold and reckless. Could it be possible that they felt hard toward him because of what he had done? The loss of the jewelry must have been a bitter blow to them, hunted as they were, without anything to pay for the game.


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Summa Theologiae/Second Part of the Second Part/Question 119

Question 119 - OF PRODIGALITY (THREE ARTICLES)
We must now consider prodigality, under which head there are three points of inquiry:

(1) Whether prodigality is opposite to covetousness?

(2) Whether prodigality is a sin?

(3) Whether it is a graver sin that covetousness?

Art. 1 - Whether prodigality is opposite to covetousness?
Objection 1: It seems that prodigality is not opposite to covetousness. For opposites cannot be together in the same subject. But some are at the same time prodigal and covetous. Therefore prodigality is not opposite to covetousness.

Objection 2: Further, opposites relate to one same thing. But covetousness, as opposed to liberality, relates to certain passions whereby man is affected towards money: whereas prodigality does not seem to relate to any passions of the soul, since it is not affected towards money, or to anything else of the kind. Therefore prodigality is not opposite to covetousness.

Objection 3: Further, sin takes its species chiefly from its end, as stated above (FS, Q[62], A[3]). Now prodigality seems always to be directed to some unlawful end, for the sake of which the prodigal squanders his goods. Especially is it directed to pleasures, wherefore it is stated (Lk. 15:13) of the prodigal son that he "wasted his substance living riotously." Therefore it seems that prodigality is opposed to temperance and insensibility rather than to covetousness and liberality.

On the contrary, The Philosopher says (Ethic. ii, 7; iv, 1) that prodigality is opposed to liberality, and illiberality, to which we give here the name of covetousness.

I answer that, In morals vices are opposed to one another and to virtue in respect of excess and deficiency. Now covetousness and prodigality differ variously in respect of excess and deficiency. Thus, as regards affection for riches, the covetous man exceeds by loving them more than he ought, while the prodigal is deficient, by being less careful of them than he ought: and as regards external action, prodigality implies excess in giving, but deficiency in retaining and acquiring, while covetousness, on the contrary, denotes deficiency in giving, but excess in acquiring and retaining. Hence it is evident that prodigality is opposed to covetousness.

Reply to Objection 1: Nothing prevents opposites from being in the same subject in different respects. For a thing is denominated more from what is in it principally. Now just as in liberality, which observes the mean, the principal thing is giving, to which receiving and retaining are subordinate, so, too, covetousness and prodigality regard principally giving. Wherefore he who exceeds in giving is said to be "prodigal," while he who is deficient in giving is said to be "covetous." Now it happens sometimes that a man is deficient in giving, without exceeding in receiving, as the Philosopher observes (Ethic. iv, 1). And in like manner it happens sometimes that a man exceeds in giving, and therefore is prodigal, and yet at the same time exceeds in receiving. This may be due either to some kind of necessity, since while exceeding in giving he is lacking in goods of his own, so that he is driven to acquire unduly, and this pertains to covetousness; or it may be due to inordinateness of the mind, for he gives not for a good purpose, but, as though despising virtue, cares not whence or how he receives. Wherefore he is prodigal and covetous in different respects.

Reply to Objection 2: Prodigality regards passions in respect of money, not as exceeding, but as deficient in them.

Reply to Objection 3: The prodigal does not always exceed in giving for the sake of pleasures which are the matter of temperance, but sometimes through being so disposed as not to care about riches, and sometimes on account of something else. More frequently, however, he inclines to intemperance, both because through spending too much on other things he becomes fearless of spending on objects of pleasure, to which the concupiscence of the flesh is more prone; and because through taking no pleasure in virtuous goods, he seeks for himself pleasures of the body. Hence the Philosopher says (Ethic. iv, 1) "that many a prodigal ends in becoming intemperate."

Art. 2 - Whether prodigality is a sin?
Objection 1: It seems that prodigality is not a sin. For the Apostle says (1 Tim. 6:10): "Covetousness [Douay: 'desire of money'] is the root of all evils." But it is not the root of prodigality, since this is opposed to it. Therefore prodigality is not a sin.

Objection 2: Further, the Apostle says (1 Tim. 6:17,18): "Charge the rich of this world . . . to give easily, to communicate to others." Now this is especially what prodigal persons do. Therefore prodigality is not a sin.

Objection 3: Further, it belongs to prodigality to exceed in giving and to be deficient in solicitude about riches. But this is most becoming to the perfect, who fulfil the words of Our Lord (Mat. 6:34), "Be not . . . solicitous for tomorrow," and (Mat. 19:21), "Sell all [Vulg.: 'what'] thou hast, and give to the poor." Therefore prodigality is not a sin.

On the contrary, The prodigal son is held to blame for his prodigality.

I answer that, As stated above (A[1]), the opposition between prodigality and covetousness is one of excess and deficiency; either of which destroys the mean of virtue. Now a thing is vicious and sinful through corrupting the good of virtue. Hence it follows that prodigality is a sin.

Reply to Objection 1: Some expound this saying of the Apostle as referring, not to actual covetousness, but to a kind of habitual covetousness, which is the concupiscence of the "fomes" [*Cf. FS, Q[81], A[3], ad 2], whence all sins arise. Others say that he is speaking of a general covetousness with regard to any kind of good: and in this sense also it is evident that prodigality arises from covetousness; since the prodigal seeks to acquire some temporal good inordinately, namely, to give pleasure to others, or at least to satisfy his own will in giving. But to one that reviews the passage correctly, it is evident that the Apostle is speaking literally of the desire of riches, for he had said previously (1 Tim. 6:9): "They that will become rich," etc. In this sense covetousness is said to be "the root of all evils," not that all evils always arise from covetousness, but because there is no evil that does not at some time arise from covetousness. Wherefore prodigality sometimes is born of covetousness, as when a man is prodigal in going to great expense in order to curry favor with certain persons from whom he may receive riches.

Reply to Objection 2: The Apostle bids the rich to be ready to give and communicate their riches, according as they ought. The prodigal does not do this: since, as the Philosopher remarks (Ethic. iv, 1), "his giving is neither good, nor for a good end, nor according as it ought to be. For sometimes they give much to those who ought to be poor, namely, to buffoons and flatterers, whereas to the good they give nothing."

Reply to Objection 3: The excess in prodigality consists chiefly, not in the total amount given, but in the amount over and above what ought to be given. Hence sometimes the liberal man gives more than the prodigal man, if it be necessary. Accordingly we must reply that those who give all their possessions with the intention of following Christ, and banish from their minds all solicitude for temporal things, are not prodigal but perfectly liberal.

Art. 3 - Whether prodigality is a more grievous sin than covetousness?
Objection 1: It seems that prodigality is a more grievous sin than covetousness. For by covetousness a man injures his neighbor by not communicating his goods to him, whereas by prodigality a man injures himself, because the Philosopher says (Ethic. iv, 1) that "the wasting of riches, which are the means whereby a man lives, is an undoing of his very being." Now he that injures himself sins more grievously, according to Ecclus. 14:5, "He that is evil to himself, to whom will he be good?" Therefore prodigality is a more grievous sin than covetousness.

Objection 2: Further, a disorder that is accompanied by a laudable circumstance is less sinful. Now the disorder of covetousness is sometimes accompanied by a laudable circumstance, as in the case of those who are unwilling to spend their own, lest they be driven to accept from others: whereas the disorder of prodigality is accompanied by a circumstance that calls for blame, inasmuch as we ascribe prodigality to those who are intemperate, as the Philosopher observes (Ethic. iv, 1). Therefore prodigality is a more grievous sin than covetousness.

Objection 3: Further, prudence is chief among the moral virtues, as stated above (Q[56], A[1], ad 1; FS, Q[61], A[2], ad 1). Now prodigality is more opposed to prudence than covetousness is: for it is written (Prov. 21:20): "There is a treasure to be desired, and oil in the dwelling of the just; and the foolish man shall spend it": and the Philosopher says (Ethic. iv, 6) that "it is the mark of a fool to give too much and receive nothing." Therefore prodigality is a more grievous sin than covetousness.

On the contrary, The Philosopher says (Ethic. iv, 6) that "the prodigal seems to be much better than the illiberal man."

I answer that, Prodigality considered in itself is a less grievous sin than covetousness, and this for three reasons. First, because covetousness differs more from the opposite virtue: since giving, wherein the prodigal exceeds, belongs to liberality more than receiving or retaining, wherein the covetous man exceeds. Secondly, because the prodigal man is of use to the many to whom he gives, while the covetous man is of use to no one, not even to himself, as stated in Ethic. iv, 6. Thirdly, because prodigality is easily cured. For not only is the prodigal on the way to old age, which is opposed to prodigality, but he is easily reduced to a state of want, since much useless spending impoverishes him and makes him unable to exceed in giving. Moreover, prodigality is easily turned into virtue on account of its likeness thereto. On the other hand, the covetous man is not easily cured, for the reason given above (Q[118], A[5], ad 3).

Reply to Objection 1: The difference between the prodigal and the covetous man is not that the former sins against himself and the latter against another. For the prodigal sins against himself by spending that which is his, and his means of support, and against others by spending the wherewithal to help others. This applies chiefly to the clergy, who are the dispensers of the Church's goods, that belong to the poor whom they defraud by their prodigal expenditure. In like manner the covetous man sins against others, by being deficient in giving; and he sins against himself, through deficiency in spending: wherefore it is written (Eccles. 6:2): "A man to whom God hath given riches . . . yet doth not give him the power to eat thereof." Nevertheless the prodigal man exceeds in this, that he injures both himself and others yet so as to profit some; whereas the covetous man profits neither others nor himself, since he does not even use his own goods for his own profit.

Reply to Objection 2: In speaking of vices in general, we judge of them according to their respective natures: thus, with regard to prodigality we note that it consumes riches to excess, and with regard to covetousness that it retains them to excess. That one spend too much for the sake of intemperance points already to several additional sins, wherefore the prodigal of this kind is worse, as stated in Ethic. iv, 1. That an illiberal or covetous man refrain from taking what belongs to others, although this appears in itself to call for praise, yet on account of the motive for which he does so it calls for blame, since he is unwilling to accept from others lest he be forced to give to others.

Reply to Objection 3: All vices are opposed to prudence, even as all virtues are directed by prudence: wherefore if a vice be opposed to prudence alone, for this very reason it is deemed less grievous.


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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 88 Part 1.djvu/1418

 C12

SUBJECT INDEX

"Children: Nutritional Intervention ^^ee Through Supplemental Feeding, To Save the", printing of additional copies 2403 Chile, military assistance to, limitation 1802 China, People's Republic of, exhibition of the archeological finds of, indemnification agreement 143 China, Republic of, Formosa Resolution, repeal 1439 Chippewa Cree Tribe of the Rocky Boy's Reservation, Mont., mineral rights held in trust 142 Churches, retirement plans, election to participate 901, 926 Citizen Band of Pottawatomie Indians, Okla., lands held in trust for 1922 Citizenship Day and Constitution Week, 1974, proclamation 2503 Civil Aeronautics Board: Appropriation for 212, 227, 778 High-speed ground transportation between major west coast cities, feasibility study, consultation 1532 International air transportation, discriminatory and unfair practices, review 2102 Property restricted from aircraft cabins, liability, regulations 418 Civil Defense Act of 1950, Federal, appropriation for effecting provisions 629 Civil Procedure, Federal Rules of. Amendments, congressional approval 1949 Civil Rights, Commission on: Appropriation for 227, 1204 Women's Educational Programs, Advisory Council on, member 555 Civil Rights, Office for, appropriation for_ _ 1647 Civil Rights Act of 1964: Amendment, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, report requirements, modification 1972 Appropriation for effecting provisions. _ 1193, 1204, 1641, 1773 Civil Rights Act of 1968, appropriation for effecting provisions 1098 Civil Service Commission, United States: Appropriation for 213, 227, 620, 1781 Headstart and Follow Through programs, political activities, regulations 2310 Pay reductions, prevention 1743 Retirement— Annuities, increases 93 Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund, payments to by United States Postal Service 354 Surviving spouse annuity reduction, elimination 1438 Veterans readjustment appointments; disabled veterans, employment, regulatory authority 1593, 1594 Work injury compensation benefits, retention rights 1149 Claims:

Defense, Department of— Pase Administrative settlement, increased limits 291 Appropriation for settlement 1218 Departments and agencies, appropriation for settlement 213, 1782 District of Columbia, settlement, appropriation for 199, 825 Firefighting on Federal property, reimbursement for costs 1543 General Accounting Office, time limit for filing with 1965 Indian Claims Commission— Appropriation for 228, 819 Authorization of funds 1499 Indian Claims Commission Act, amendment, exclusion of food, rations, or provisions as payment of land claims 1499 Legislative branch employees, erroneous payment claims, waiver 393 Micronesian Claims Act of 1971, appropriation for settlement of claims. 813 Military departments, administrative settlement, increased limits 291 Personal property losses incident to Federal service, limit on payments, increase 1381 United States-Hungarian Claims Agreement, determination of American national claims settled by 1386 Claims, United States Court of: Appropriation for 216, 1201 Firefighting on Federal Property, reimbursement claims, jurisdiction 1543 Intervention on the High Seas Act, jurisdiction 10 Claims Settlement Commission, Foreign: Appropriation for 228, 1205 Hungary, claims against by American nationals 1386 Clara Barton National Historic Site, Md., establishment 1461 Clean Air Act, Amendments: Extension of program 265 Fuel burning stationary sources, implementation plan revisions 256 Motor vehicle emissions standards 258 New motor vehicles, fuel economy improvement standards, s t u d y. - - - - 261 Stationary source fuel or emission limitation, temporary suspension 249 Clergy Week in the United States, International, proclamation 2439 Coal Conversion, effects on public health, study 259 Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, Federal, appropriation for effecting provisions 1636, 1638, 1645 Coal Mining Safety Equipment, amortization provisions, extension 2109 Coal Research, Office of: Appropriation for 277 Transfer of functions to Energy Research and Development Administration 1237 [NOTE: For action concerning individuals, see Individual Coast Guard, United States: Index, following this Subject Index.] Active duty personnel strength, auACTION, readjustment allowance to thorization 1182 Peace Corps volunteers, waiver 191 Aids to navigation authority, expansion139 Armed Forces members missing in Aircraft, vessels, facilities, etc., approaction, reimbursement for memorial priation authorization 1180 expenses 2361 Appropriation for 211, 224, 769 Canal Zone Government, claims settleAuxiliary members, injury or death ment, expansion of authority. 1973 compensation 141 NOTE: Part 1 contains pages 1-1362; Part 2 contains pages 1363-2645.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 88 Part 1.djvu/1419

 SUBJECT INDEX Boilers and pressure vessels, safety P^se standards 423 Bridges over navigable waters, payment to owners for alterations 1182 Confidential investigative expenses 140 D e p e n d e n t s outside the United States, schooling 1182 Fishery m a n a g e m e n t jurisdiction, enforcement study 1183 Fishing vessels, inspection and loadline requirements, exemption 1182, 1183 Funds a p p r o p r i a t e d to, use 140 Icebreaking operations 1659 I n t e r v e n t i o n on the High Seas Act 8 Legislative jurisdiction, relinquishment. 141 Lighthouse Service, former employees, eligibility for medical care 371 Military training, authorization 1182 Personnel and equipment, loan to Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife 124 Regular captains, retirement 140 Regular lieutenants, lieutenant commanders, and commanders; retirement for failure of promotion 140 Reserve c o m p o n e n t s — Aviation career incentive p a y 179 Benefits 1920 Deceased members, presentation of flag for 176 Members engaged in schooling, enlistment 141 Selected Reserve, strength 402 Temporary appointments, pay reduction, elimination 140 Vessels, waste materials, n e t tonnage, regulations 1694 Coastal Zone Management, appropriation for 1198 Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972: Amendments— Coastal states, administrative g r a n t s. 1974 Estuarine sanctuaries grants, extension of authorization 1974 Appropriation for effecting provisions.. 1198 Cocopah Tribe of Indians, Ariz., transfer of lands 269 Code, District of Columbia, new edition, appropriation for publication 433 Coin Week, National, 1974, proclamation. 2474 Coinage: American Revolution Bicentennial commemorative coins, continuation of minting authority 1739 Composition of one-cent piece 1261 Colleges. See Schools and Colleges. Colonial National Historical Park, Va., appropriation ceiling increase 1445 Colorado: Arapaho National Forest, b o u n d a r y extension 1878 Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad Compact 1421 Fryingpan-Arkansas project, construction,- etc., increased authorization 1497 National wild and scenic rivers system, certain river segments designated for possible inclusion in 2094, 2095 R o c k y M o u n t a i n National P a r k, additional lands 1445, 1447 Weminuche Wilderness, designation 2155 Colorado River Basin Project, appropriation for— 786

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Colorado River Basin Project Act: I'age Amendment, Lower Colorado River Basin Development F u n d, salinity control unit costs 273 Appropriation for effecting provisions... 786 Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act 266 Appropriation for effecting provisions 786 Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Advisory Council, establishment 272 Colorado River Storage Project Act, Amendment, U p p e r Colorado River Basin fund, salinity control unit costs 273 Columbia River Transmission System Act, Federal 1376 Columbus Day, 1974, proclamation 2499 Commerce, Department of: Appropriation Act, 1975 1196 Appropriation for 209, 218, 279, 1196, 1778, 2108 Census, Bureau of the. See Social and Economic Statistics Administration. Coastal Zone M a n a g e m e n t, appropriation for 1198 Coastal Zone M a n a g e m e n t Act of 1972— Amendments— Coastal States, administrative grants 1974 Estuarine sanctuaries grants, extension of authorization 1974 Appropriation for effecting provisions 1198 Deepwater ports, safety zones 2138 Domestic and International Business Administration, appropriation for 218, 1196 Domestic production, imports, and exports, uniform statistical data, study 2073 Economic Development Administration, appropriation for 1196, 1778, 2108 Exports— Monitoring and reporting authority _ _ 1552 National security control, technical advisory committees for, member 1553 Uniform statistical data, s t u d y... 2073, 2074 Federal Energy Administration actions, economic impact, monitor 111 Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 1535 Appropriation for effecting provisions. 1198 Fire Prevention and Control, National Academy for, establishment 1537 Fire Prevention and Control Administration, National — Appropriation for 1198 Establishment 1536 Fire prevention and control programs, grant recipients, audit 1548 Fire Research Center, establishment.. 1546 Fishery m a n a g e m e n t jurisdiction, enforcement study, cooperation 1183 Foreign Direct Investment Regulation, appropriation for 218 Foreign Investment S t u d y Act of 1974. 1450 General provisions. Appropriation Act—:. . 1200, 1208

NOTE: Part 1 contaias pages 1-1362; Part 2 contains pages 1363-2545.

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 C14

SUBJECT INDEX

Commerce, Department of—Continued l'ag« Imports— Competition— Adjustment assistance program study, cooperation 2040 Community adjustment assistance 2035 Increases, firms adversely affected by, assistance 2030 National security investigation, cooperation 1993 Uniform statistical data, s t u d y. _ 2073, 2074 J o b opportunities program 1853 Lowell Historic Canal District Commission, ex officio member 2330 Maritime Administration— Appropriation for 209, 218, 1199 General provisions. Appropriation Act 1199, 1208 M e r c h a n t Marine Academy, appropriation for 1199 Vessels, exchange for conversion and operation in unsubsidized service between west coast and Guam, contract amendment 232 Maritime programs, authorization of funds 234 M e r c h a n t Marine Act, 1936— Amendment, National Defense R e serve Fleet, vessel exchange 1965 Appropriation for effecting provisions 1199 Minority Business Enterprise, appropriation for 218, 1197 National Bureau of Standard s — Appropriation for 1198 Energy-related inventions, evaluation 1894 Solar heating and cooling systems, cooperation 1071, 1072, 1074, 1075, 1078 National Fire Prevention and Control Administration— Appropriation for 1198 Establishment 1536 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration— Appropriation for 209, 218, 279, 1197 Deepwater ports, potential locations, evaluation regulations, consultation_ 2131 Report i n g requirements, elimination of certain 1967 National Technical Information Service, appropriation for 1198 Offshore Shrimp Fisheries Act of 1973, appropriation for effecting provisions 209 P a t e n t Office. See separate title. Pension Benefit G u a r a n t y Corporation, member 1005 P o v e r t y data, school-age children to be counted, s t u d y 600 Pribilof Islands, appropriation for administration of 209, 218, 1198 P r o d u c t sectors of manufacturing, establishment 1984 Public safety awards, selection of individuals for 1544 Regional action planning commissions, appropriation for 209, 1196, 1779 Reporting requirements, elimination of certain 1967 Social and Economic Statistics Administration— Appropriation for 218, 1196, 1643

Census, Bureau of the — Page Education Statistics, Advisory Council on, m e m b e r 556 Records m a i n t a i n e d on individuals, disclosure to 1897 SS Independence, sale to foreign registry. 288 Telecommunications, Office of, appropriation for 1198 Trade agreements— Advisory committees for, assistance. _ 1998 Cooperation 1995 Trade I m p a c t e d Area Council for Adjustment Assistance, establishment 2036 Trade monitoring system 2040 United States Travel Service, appropriation for 218, 1197 Weather modification reporting, extension 1212 Commissary Store Facilities, surcharge 1765 Commission of Fine Arts, appropriation for 227,818 Commission on Bankruptcy Laws of the United States, report of, p r i n t i n g of additional copies 2398 Commission on Civil R i g h t s: Appropriation for 227, 1204 Women's Educational Programs, Advisory Council on, m e m b e r 555 Commission on Federal Paperwork, establishment 1789 Commission on Revision of the Federal Court Appellate S y s t e m: Additional funds 1153 Appropriation for 1779 Report to President, Congress, and Chief Justice, time extension 1153 Commission on the Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy, appropriation for 1204 Commission on the Review of the National Policy Toward Gambling, appropriation for 621 Commissions, Committees, Councils, Etc., Establishment: Actuaries, Joint Board for the Enrollm e n t of 1002 Adjustment Assistance Coordinating Committee 2040 Adult education clearinghouse 577 Alcohol, D r u g Abuse, and M e n t a l Health, National Panel on 134 Alcohol, D r u g Abuse, and Mental Health Administration 134 Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, I n t e r agency Committee on Federal Activities for 133 American Indian Policy Review Commission 1910 Arthritis and Related Musculoskeletal Diseases, National Commission o n. 2218 Arthritis Coordinating Committee 2221 Arthritis Screening and Detection D a t a Bank 2222 Bilingual Education, National Advisory Council on 510 Bilingual Education, Office of 509 Biomedical and Behavioral Research, National Advisory Council for the Protection of Subjects of 351 Biomedical and Behavioral Research, National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of 348 Boston National Historical P a r k Advisory Commission 1185 NOTE: Part 1 contains p^es 1-1362; Part 2 (H>ntains pages 1363-2545.

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