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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1005

 PUBLIC LAW 9 4 - 3 6 2 — J U L Y 14, 1976

90 STAT. 9 5 5

E X P E N S E S, UNITED STATES COURT FACILITIES FURNITURE AND FURNISHINGS

For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, to provide furniture and furnishings for the United States Courts, including the Administrative Office of the United States Courts and the Federal J u d i c i a l Center, $4,940,000, to be available for transfer to the General Services Administration which shall be responsible for administering the program i n compliance with standards or guidelines prescribed by the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts under the supervision and direction of the Judicial Conference of the United States. GENERAL PROVISIONS — THE JUDICIARY

SEC. 402. Appropriations and authorizations made in this title which Experts and are available for salaries and expenses shall be available for services consultants. as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109. SEC. 403. Not to exceed $120,000 of the appropriations contained in Study of rules of this title shall be available for the study of rules of practice and practice and procedure. procedure. This title may be cited as the " J u d i c i a r y Appropriation Act, 1977". Citation of title. TITLE V—RELATED AGENCIES A R M S CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT A G E N C Y ARMS C O N T R O L AND DISARMAMENT ACTIVITIES

For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, for arms control and disarmament activities, including not to exceed $10,000 for official reception and representation expenses, authorized by the Act of September 26, 1961, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2551 et seq.), $12,000,000. BOARD FOR INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING GRANTS AND EXPENSES

For expenses of the Board for International Broadcasting, including g r a n t s to Radio Free E u r o p e and Radio Liberty, $53,385,000. COMMISSION ON C IV I L R I G H T S SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For expenses necessary for the Commission on Civil Rights, including hire of passenger motor vehicles, $9,450,000. COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION I N EUROPE SALARIES A N D EXPENSES

For expenses necessary for the Commission on Security and Cooperation in E u r o p e, as authorized by Public Law 94-304, $340,000 Ante, p. 661. for the period beginning July 1, 1976, and to remain available until 22 USC 3001-3008. expended.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1006

 90 STAT. 956

PUBLIC LAW 94-362—JULY 14, 1976 EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION SALARIES AND EXPENSES

42 USC 2000e.

For necessary expenses of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission established by title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, including services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109; hire of passenger motor vehicles; and not to exceed $6,000,000 for payments to State and local agencies for services to the Commission pursuant to title VII of the Civil Rights Act, as amended; $67,850,000. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION J£3,1'../

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SALARIES AND EXPENSES

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For necessary expenses for the Federal Communications Commission, as authorized by law, including uniforms or allowances therefor, as authorized by law (5 U.S.C. 5901-5902); not to exceed $280,000 for land and structures; not to exceed $65,000 for improvement and care of grounds and repair to buildings; not to exceed $1,500 for official reception and representation expenses; purchase (not to exceed six) and hire of motor vehicles; special counsel fees; and services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109; $54,696,000: Provided, That not to exceed $500,000 of the foregoing amount shall remain available until September 30, 1978, for research and policy studies. FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Federal Maritime Commission, including services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109; hire of passenger motor vehicles; and uniforms or allowances therefor, as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 5901-5902; $8,300,000: Provided, That not to exceed $1,500 shall be available for official reception and representation expenses. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION

SALARIES A N D EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Federal Trade Commission, including uniforms or allowances therefor, as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 5901-5902; services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109; hire of passenger motor vehicles; and not to exceed $1,500 for official reception and representation expenses; $52,700,000. No part of these funds may be used to pay the salary of any employee, including Commissioners, of the Federal Trade Commission who— (1) makes any publication based on the line-of-business data furnished by individual firms without taking reasonable precautions to prevent disclosure of the line-of-business data furnished by any particular firm; or (2) permits anyone other than sworn officers and employees of the Federal Trade Commission to examine the line-of-business reports from individual firms; or (3) uses the information provided in the line-of-business program for any purpose other than statistical purposes. Such information for carrying out specific law enforcement responsibilities of the Federal Trade Commission shall be obtained under existing practices and procedures or as changed by law.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1007

 PUBLIC LAW 94-362—JULY 14, 1976 .>:I'

90 STAT. 957

FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMISSION SALARIES AND EXPENSES

^

For expenses necessary to carry on the activities of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, including services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109; allowances and benefits similar to those provided by title IX of the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended, as determined 22 USC 1131. by the Commission; expenses of packing, shipping, and storing personal effects of personnel assigned abroad; rental or lease, for such periods as may be necessary, of office space and living quarters for personnel assigned abroad; maintenance, improvement, and repair of properties rented or leased abroad, and furnishing fuel, water, and utilities for such properties; insurance on official motor vehicles , \ - s.^ >; abroad; advances of funds abroad; advances or reimbursements to other Government agencies for use of their facilities and services in carrying out the functions of the Commission; hire of motor vehicles for field use only; and employment of aliens; $650,000. INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the International Trade Commission, not to exceed $220,000 for expenses of travel, hire of passenger motor vehicles, and services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, $11,350,000: Provided, That no part of this appropriation shall be used to pay the salary of any member of the International Trade Commission who shall hereafter participate in any proceedings under sections 336, 337, and 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930, wherein he or any member of his 19 USC 1336, family has any special, direct, and pecuniary interest, or in which he 1337, 1338. has acted as attorney or special representative: Provided further, That no part of the foregoing appropriation shall be used for making any special study, investigation, or report at the request of any other agency of the executive branch of the Government unless reimbursement is made for the cost thereof. LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION PAYMENT TO THE LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION

To enable the Department of the Treasury to make payment to the Legal Services Corporation to carry out the purposes of the Legal Services Corporation Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-355), $125,000,000. 42 USC 2996 note. M A R I N E MAMMAL COMMISSION SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Marine Mammal Commission to carry out the provisions of title II of the Act of October 21, 1972 (Public Law 92-522), establishing the Marine Mammal Commission, 16 USC 1401. $1,000,000.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1008

 90 STAT. 958

PUBLIC LAW 94-362—JULY 14, 1976 OFFICE OF THE SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE FOR TRADE NEGOTIATIONS SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For expenses necessary for the Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations, including hire of passenger motor vehicles, and services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, $2,250,000. PRIVACY PROTECTION STUDY

COMMISSION

SALARIES A N D EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Privacy Protection Study Commission pursuant to the provisions of the Privacy Act (Public Law 5 USC 552a note. 93-579), $750,000. RENEGOTIATION BOARD SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Renegotiation Board, including hire of passenger motor vehicles and services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, $5,700,000. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses for the Securities and Exchange Commission, including services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, and not to exceed $2,000 for official reception and representation expenses, $53,000,000. SMALL BUSINESS

ADMINISTRATION

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

31 USC 665.

For necessary expenses, not otherwise provided for, of the Small Business Administration, including purchase of one motor vehicle for replacement only and hire of passenger motor vehicles, not to exceed $1,500 for official reception and representation expenses, $35,400,000, and in addition there may be transferred to this appropriation not to exceed a total of $99,600,000 from the "Disaster loan fund", the "Business loan and investment fund", the "Lease guarantees revolving fund", the "Pollution control equipment contract guarantees revolving fund" and the "Surety bond guarantees revolving fund", in such amounts as may be necessary for administrative expenses in connection with activities respectively financed under said funds: Provided, That 10 per centum of the amount authorized to be transferred from these revolving funds shall be apportioned for use, pursuant to section 3679 of the Revised Statutes, as amended, only in such amounts and at such times as may be necessary to carry out the business and disaster loan, and lease guarantee, pollution control equipment contract guarantee and surety bond guarantee programs.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1009

 PUBLIC LAW 94-362—JULY 14, 1976

90 STAT. 959

DISASTER LOAN F U N D BUSINESS IX)AN AND INVESTMENT FUND LEASE GUARANTEES REVOLVING F U N D POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT CONTRACT GUARANTEES REVOLVING F U N D

,<•«

SURETY BOND GUARANTEES REVOLVING FUND

The Small Business Administration is hereby authorized to make such expenditures, within the limits of funds and borrowing authority available to the following funds, and in accord with the law, and to make such contracts and commitments without regard to fiscal year limitations as provided by section 104 of the Government Corporation Control Act, as amended, as may be necessary in carrying out the 31 USC 849. programs set forth in the budget for the current fiscal year for the "Disaster loan fund", the "Business loan and investment fund", the "Lease guarantees revolving fund", the "Pollution control equipment contract guarantees revolving fund" and the "Surety bond guarantees revolving fund". BUSINESS LOAN AND INVESTMENT

FUND

For additional capital for the "Business loan and investment fund", authorized by the Small Business Act, as amended, $601,600,000, to 15 USC 631 note, remain available without fiscal year limitation. DISASTER LOAN

FUND

For additional capital for the "Disaster loan fund", authorized by the Small Business Act, as amended, $90,000,000, to remain available without fiscal year limitation.

15 USC 633.

LEASE GUARANTEES REVOLVING F U N D

For additional capital for the "Lease Guarantees Revolving Fund", authorized by the Small Business Investment Act, as amended, 15 USC 694. $3,000,000, to remain available without fiscal year limitation. i POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT CONTRACT REVOLVING

GUARANTEES

FUND

For capital for the "Pollution Control Equipment Contract Guarantees Revolving Fund", authorized by the Small Business Investment Act, as amended, $15,000,000, to remain available without fiscal year Ante, p. 665. limitation. 15 USC 694-2. SURETY BOND GUARANTEES REVOLVING

FUND

For additional capital for the "Surety Bond Guarantees Revolving Fund", authorized by the Small Business Investment Act, as amended, 15 USC 694c. $36,000,000, to remain available without fiscal year limitation.

89-194 O—78—pt. 1

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1010

 90 STAT. 960

PUBLIC LAW 94-362—JULY 14, 1976 UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY SALARIES AND EXPENSES

22 USC 1461 note.

22 USC 1461b.

For expenses necessary to enable the United States Information Agency, as authorized by Reorganization Plan No. 8 of 1953, the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act (22 U.S.C. 2451 et seq.), and the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act, as amended (^22 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), to carry out international information activities, including employment, without regard to the civil service and classification laws, of persons on a temporary basis (not to exceed $20,000), and aliens within the United States; salaries, expenses, and allowances of personnel and dependents as authorized by the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended (22 U.S.C. 801-1158)'; entertainment within the United States not to exceed $3,000; purchase for use abroad of (not to exceed 95, of which 42 are for replacement only), and hire of passenger motor vehicles; services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109; advance of fvmds notwithstanding section 3648 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (31 U.S.C. 529); dues for library membership in organizations which issue publications to members only, or to members at a price lower than to others; purchase of uniforms for not to exceed thirteen guards; radio activities and acquisition and production of motion pictures and visual materials and purchase or rental of technical equipment and facilities therefor, narration, scriptwriting, translation, and engineering services, by contract or otherwise; and purchase of objects for presentation to foreign governments, schools, or organizations; $248,326,000: Provided, That not to exceed $260,000 may be used for representation abroad: Provided further, That passenger motor vehicles used abroad exclusively for the purposes of this appropriation may be exchanged or sold pursuant to section 201(c) of the Act of June 30, 1949 (40 U.S.C. 481(c)), and the exchange allowances or proceeds of such sales shall be available for replacement of an equal number of such vehicles and the cost, including the exchange allowance of each such replacement, shall not exceed such amounts as may be otherwise provided by law (except that right-hand drive vehicles may be purchased without regard to any maximum price limitation otherwise established by law): Provided further, That, notwithstanding the provisions of section 3679 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (31 U.S.C. 665), the United States Information Agency is authorized, in making contracts for the use of international shortwave radio stations and facilities, to agree on behalf of the United States to indemnify the owners and operators of said radio stations and facilities from such funds as may be hereafter appropriated for the purpose against loss or damage on account of injury to persons or property arising from such use of said radio stations and facilities. SALARIES AND EXPENSES

(SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)

For payments in foreign currencies which the Treasury Department determines to be excess to the normal requirements of the United States, for necessary expenses of the United States Information Agency, as authorized by law, $8,600,000, to remain available until expended.

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Summa Theologiae/Second Part of the Second Part/Question 92

Question. 92 - OF SUPERSTITION (TWO ARTICLES)
In due sequence we must consider the vices that are opposed to religion. First we shall consider those which agree with religion in giving worship to God; secondly, we shall treat of those vices which are manifestly contrary to religion, through showing contempt of those things that pertain to the worship of God. The former come under the head of superstition, the latter under that of irreligion. Accordingly we must consider in the first place, superstition and its parts, and afterwards irreligion and its parts.

Under the first head there are two points of inquiry:

(1) Whether superstition is a vice opposed to religion?

(2) Whether it has several parts or species?

Art. 1 - Whether superstition is a vice contrary to religion?
Objection 1: It would seem that superstition is not a vice contrary to religion. One contrary is not included in the definition of the other. But religion is included in the definition of superstition: for the latter is defined as being "immoderate observance of religion," according to a gloss on Col. 2:23, "Which things have indeed a show of wisdom in superstition." Therefore superstition is not a vice contrary to religion.

Objection 2: Further, Isidore says (Etym. x): "Cicero [*De Natura Deorum ii, 28] states that the superstitious were so called because they spent the day in praying and offering sacrifices that their children might survive [superstites] them." But this may be done even in accordance with true religious worship. Therefore superstition is not a vice opposed to religion.

Objection 3: Further, superstition seems to denote an excess. But religion admits of no excess, since, as stated above (Q[81], A[5], ad 3), there is no possibility of rendering to God, by religion, the equal of what we owe Him. Therefore superstition is not a vice contrary to religion.

On the contrary, Augustine says (De Decem Chord. Serm. ix): "Thou strikest the first chord in the worship of one God, and the beast of superstition hath fallen." Now the worship of one God belongs to religion. Therefore superstition is contrary to religion.

I answer that, As stated above (Q[81], A[5]), religion is a moral virtue. Now every moral virtue observes a mean, as stated above (FS, Q[64], A[1]). Therefore a twofold vice is opposed to a moral virtue. One by way of excess, the other by way of deficiency. Again, the mean of virtue may be exceeded, not only with regard to the circumstance called "how much," but also with regard to other circumstances: so that, in certain virtues such as magnanimity and magnificence; vice exceeds the mean of virtue, not through tending to something greater than the virtue, but possibly to something less, and yet it goes beyond the mean of virtue, through doing something to whom it ought not, or when it ought not, and in like manner as regards other circumstances, as the Philosopher shows (Ethic. iv, 1,2,3).

Accordingly superstition is a vice contrary to religion by excess, not that it offers more to the divine worship than true religion, but because it offers divine worship either to whom it ought not, or in a manner it ought not.

Reply to Objection 1: Just as we speak metaphorically of good among evil things---thus we speak of a good thief---so too sometimes the names of the virtues are employed by transposition in an evil sense. Thus prudence is sometimes used instead of cunning, according to Lk. 16:8, "The children of this world are more prudent [Douay: 'wiser'] in their generation than the children of light." It is in this way that superstition is described as religion.

Reply to Objection 2: The etymology of a word differs from its meaning. For its etymology depends on what it is taken from for the purpose of signification: whereas its meaning depends on the thing to which it is applied for the purpose of signifying it. Now these things differ sometimes: for "lapis" [a stone] takes its name from hurting the foot [laedere pedem], but this is not its meaning, else iron, since it hurts the foot, would be a stone. In like manner it does not follow that "superstition" means that from which the word is derived.

Reply to Objection 3: Religion does not admit of excess, in respect of absolute quantity, but it does admit of excess in respect of proportionate quantity, in so far, to wit, as something may be done in divine worship that ought not to be done.

Art. 2 - Whether there are various species of superstition?
Objection 1: It would seem that there are not various species of superstition. According to the Philosopher (Topic. i, 13), "if one contrary includes many kinds, so does the other." Now religion, to which superstition is contrary, does not include various species; but all its acts belong to the one species. Therefore neither has superstition various species.

Objection 2: Further, opposites relate to one same thing. But religion, to which superstition is opposed, relates to those things whereby we are directed to God, as stated above (Q[81], A[1]). Therefore superstition, which is opposed to religion, is not specified according to divinations of human occurrences, or by the observances of certain human actions.

Objection 3: Further, a gloss on Col. 2:23, "Which things have . . . a show of wisdom in superstition," adds: "that is to say in a hypocritical religion." Therefore hypocrisy should be reckoned a species of superstition.

On the contrary, Augustine assigns the various species of superstition (De Doctr. Christ. ii, 20).

I answer that, As stated above, sins against religion consist in going beyond the mean of virtue in respect of certain circumstances (A[1]). For as we have stated (FS, Q[72], A[9]), not every diversity of corrupt circumstances differentiates the species of a sin, but only that which is referred to diverse objects, for diverse ends: since it is in this respect that moral acts are diversified specifically, as stated above (FS, Q[1], A[3]; FS, Q[18], AA[2],6).

Accordingly the species of superstition are differentiated, first on the part of the mode, secondly on the part of the object. For the divine worship may be given either to whom it ought to be given, namely, to the true God, but "in an undue mode," and this is the first species of superstition; or to whom it ought not to be given, namely, to any creature whatsoever, and this is another genus of superstition, divided into many species in respect of the various ends of divine worship. For the end of divine worship is in the first place to give reverence to God, and in this respect the first species of this genus is "idolatry," which unduly gives divine honor to a creature. The second end of religion is that man may be taught by God Whom he worships; and to this must be referred "divinatory" superstition, which consults the demons through compacts made with them, whether tacit or explicit. Thirdly, the end of divine worship is a certain direction of human acts according to the precepts of God the object of that worship: and to this must be referred the superstition of certain "observances."

Augustine alludes to these three (De Doctr. Christ. ii, 20), where he says that "anything invented by man for making and worshipping idols is superstitious," and this refers to the first species. Then he goes on to say, "or any agreement or covenant made with the demons for the purpose of consultation and of compact by tokens," which refers to the second species; and a little further on he adds: "To this kind belong all sorts of amulets and such like," and this refers to the third species.

Reply to Objection 1: As Dionysius says (Div. Nom. iv), "good results from a cause that is one and entire, whereas evil arises from each single defect." Wherefore several vices are opposed to one virtue, as stated above (A[1]; Q[10], A[5]). The saying of the Philosopher is true of opposites wherein there is the same reason of multiplicity.

Reply to Objection 2: Divinations and certain observances come under the head of superstition, in so far as they depend on certain actions of the demons: and thus they pertain to compacts made with them.

Reply to Objection 3: Hypocritical religion is taken here for "religion as applied to human observances," as the gloss goes on to explain. Wherefore this hypocritical religion is nothing else than worship given to God in an undue mode: as, for instance, if a man were, in the time of grace, to wish to worship God according to the rite of the Old Law. It is of religion taken in this sense that the gloss speaks literally.


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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1011

 PUBLIC LAW 94-362—JULY 14, 1976 SPECIAL INTERNATIONAL

90 STAT. 961

EXHIBITIONS

For expenses necessary to carry out the functions of the United States Information Agency under section 102(a)(3) of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2451 et 22 USC 2452. seq.), $4,841,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That not to exceed a total of $6,500 may be expended for representation. ACQUISITION AND CONSTRUCTION OF RADIO FACILITIES

For an additional amount for the purchase, rent, construction, and improvement of facilities for radio transmission and reception, purchase and installation of necessary equipment for radio transmission and reception, without regard to the provisions of the Act of June 30, 1932 (40 U.S.C. 278a), and acquisition of land and interests in land by purchase, lease, rental, or otherwise, $2,142,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That this appropriation shall be available for acquisition of land outside the continental United States without regard to section 355 of the Revised Statutes (40 U.S.C. 255) and title to any land so acquired shall be approved by the Director of the United States Information Agency. TITLE VI—GENERAL PROVISIONS SEC. 601. No part of any appropriation contained in this Act shall be used for publicity or propaganda purposes not authorized by the Congress. SEC. 602. No part of any appropriation contained in this Act shall be used to administer any program which is funded in whole or in part from foreign currencies or credits for which a specific dollar appropriation therefor has not been made. SEC. 603. No part of any appropriation contained in this Act shall remain available for obligation beyond the current fiscal year unless expressly so provided herein. SEC. 604. No part of the funds appropriated by this Act shall be used to pay the salary of any Federal employee who is finally convicted in any Federal, State, or local court of competent jurisdiction, of inciting, promoting, or carrying on a riot resulting in material damage to property or injury to persons, found to be in violation of Federal, State, or local laws designed to protect persons or property in the community concerned. SEC. 605. No part of the funds appropriated under this Act shall be used to provide a loan, guarantee of a loan, a grant, the salary of, or any remuneration whatever to any individual applying for admission, attending, employed by, teaching at or doing research at an institution of higher education who has engaged in conduct on or after August 1, 1969, which involves the use of (or the assistance to others in the use of) force or the threat of force or the seizure of property under the control of an institution of higher education, to require or prevent the availability of certain curriculum, or to prevent the faculty, administrative officials or students in such institution from engaging in their duties or pursuing their studies at such institution.

Publicity or propaganda. Foreign curren<;y funded programs.

Fiscal year limitation. Convicted rioters, payment prohibitions.

Funds to campus disrupters, prohibitions.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1012

 90 STAT. 962

Short title.

PUBLIC LAW 94-362—JULY 14, 1976 SEC. 606. None of the funds appropriated in this Act shalJ be made available for the collection and preparation of budgetary inforriiation which will not be available to the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and House of Representatives. This Act may be cited as the "Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1977". Approved July 14, 1976.

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: HOUSE REPORTS: No. 94-1226 (Comm. on Appropriations) and No. 94-1309 (Comm. of Conference). SENATE REPORT No. 94-964 (Comm. on Appropriations). CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 122 (1976): June 18, considered and passed House. June 24, considered and passed Senate, amended. June 30, House agreed to conference report. July 1, Senate agreed to conference report.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1013

 PUBLIC LAW 94-363—JULY 14, 1976

90 STAT. 9 6 3

Public Law 94-363 94th Congress An Act Making appropriations for the Treasury Department, the United States Postal Service, the Executive Office of the President, and certain Independent Agencies, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1977, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the Treasury Department, the United States Postal Service, the Executive Office of the President, and certain Independent Agencies, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1977, and for other purposes, n a m e l y: TITLE I DEPARTMENT OF THE

TREASURY

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For the necessary expenses in the Office of the Secretary, including the operation and maintenance of the Treasury Building and Annex thereof; hire of passenger motor vehicles; and not to exceed $15,000 for official reception and representation expenses; $26,000,000, of which not to exceed $100,000 shall be available for unforeseen emergencies of a confidential character, to be allocated and expended under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury and to be accounted for solely on his certificate, and of which $500,000 shall be for repairs and improvements to Treasury buildings and shall remain available until expended. OFFICE OF REVENUE S H A R I N G SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses in the Office of Revenue Sharing, including the hire of passenger motor vehicles, $3,810,000. FEDERAL L A W ENFORCEMENT T R A I N I N G CENTER SALARIES A N D

EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Federal Law Enforcement T r a i n i n g Center, including purchase and hire of vehicles, and services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109; $8,650,000. BUREAU OF GOVERNMENT F I N A N C I A L OPERATIONS SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Bureau of Government Financial Operations, $144,000,000.

July 14. 1976 [H.R. 14261]

Treasury, Postal Service, and General Government Appropriation Act, 1977.

Treasury Department Appropriations Act, 1977.

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Summa Theologiae/Second Part of the Second Part/Question 93

Question. 93 - OF SUPERSTITION CONSISTING IN UNDUE WORSHIP OF THE TRUE GOD (TWO ARTICLES)
We must now consider the species of superstition. We shall treat (1) Of the superstition which consists in giving undue worship to the true God; (2) Of the superstition of idolatry; (3) of divinatory superstition; (4) of the superstition of observances.

Under the first head there are two points of inquiry:

(1) Whether there can be anything pernicious in the worship of the true God?

(2) Whether there can be anything superfluous therein?

Art. 1 - Whether there can be anything pernicious in the worship of the true God?
Objection 1: It would seem that there cannot be anything pernicious in the worship of the true God. It is written (Joel 2:32): "Everyone that shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved." Now whoever worships God calls upon His name. Therefore all worship of God is conducive to salvation, and consequently none is pernicious.

Objection 2: Further, it is the same God that is worshiped by the just in any age of the world. Now before the giving of the Law the just worshiped God in whatever manner they pleased, without committing mortal sin: wherefore Jacob bound himself by his own vow to a special kind of worship, as related in Genesis 28. Therefore now also no worship of God is pernicious.

Objection 3: Further, nothing pernicious is tolerated in the Church. Yet the Church tolerates various rites of divine worship: wherefore Gregory, replying to Augustine, bishop of the English (Regist. xi, ep. 64), who stated that there existed in the churches various customs in the celebration of Mass, wrote: "I wish you to choose carefully whatever you find likely to be most pleasing to God, whether in the Roman territory, or in the land of the Gauls, or in any part of the Church." Therefore no way of worshiping God is pernicious.

On the contrary, Augustine [*Jerome (Ep. lxxv, ad Aug.) See Opp. August. Ep. lxxxii] in a letter to Jerome (and the words are quoted in a gloss on Gal. 2:14) says that "after the Gospel truth had been preached the legal observances became deadly," and yet these observances belonged to the worship of God. Therefore there can be something deadly in the divine worship.

I answer that, As Augustine states (Cont. Mendac. xiv), "a most pernicious lie is that which is uttered in matters pertaining to Christian religion." Now it is a lie if one signify outwardly that which is contrary to the truth. But just as a thing is signified by word, so it is by deed: and it is in this signification by deed that the outward worship of religion consists, as shown above (Q[81], A[7]). Consequently, if anything false is signified by outward worship, this worship will be pernicious.

Now this happens in two ways. In the first place, it happens on the part of the thing signified, through the worship signifying something discordant therefrom: and in this way, at the time of the New Law, the mysteries of Christ being already accomplished, it is pernicious to make use of the ceremonies of the Old Law whereby the mysteries of Christ were foreshadowed as things to come: just as it would be pernicious for anyone to declare that Christ has yet to suffer. In the second place, falsehood in outward worship occurs on the part of the worshiper, and especially in common worship which is offered by ministers impersonating the whole Church. For even as he would be guilty of falsehood who would, in the name of another person, proffer things that are not committed to him, so too does a man incur the guilt of falsehood who, on the part of the Church, gives worship to God contrary to the manner established by the Church or divine authority, and according to ecclesiastical custom. Hence Ambrose [*Comment. in 1 ad1 Cor. 11:27, quoted in the gloss of Peter Lombard] says: "He is unworthy who celebrates the mystery otherwise than Christ delivered it." For this reason, too, a gloss on Col. 2:23 says that superstition is "the use of human observances under the name of religion."

Reply to Objection 1: Since God is truth, to invoke God is to worship Him in spirit and truth, according to Jn. 4:23. Hence a worship that contains falsehood, is inconsistent with a salutary calling upon God.

Reply to Objection 2: Before the time of the Law the just were instructed by an inward instinct as to the way of worshiping God, and others followed them. But afterwards men were instructed by outward precepts about this matter, and it is wicked to disobey them.

Reply to Objection 3: The various customs of the Church in the divine worship are in no way contrary to the truth: wherefore we must observe them, and to disregard them is unlawful.

Art. 2 - Whether there can be any excess in the worship of God?
Objection 1: It would seem that there cannot be excess in the worship of God. It is written (Ecclus. 43:32): "Glorify the Lord as much as ever you can, for He will yet far exceed." Now the divine worship is directed to the glorification of God. Therefore there can be no excess in it.

Objection 2: Further, outward worship is a profession of inward worship, "whereby God is worshiped with faith, hope, and charity," as Augustine says (Enchiridion iii). Now there can be no excess in faith, hope, and charity. Neither, therefore, can there be in the worship of God.

Objection 3: Further, to worship God consists in offering to Him what we have received from Him. But we have received all our goods from God. Therefore if we do all that we possibly can for God's honor, there will be no excess in the divine worship.

On the contrary, Augustine says (De Doctr. Christ. ii, 18) "that the good and true Christian rejects also superstitious fancies, from Holy Writ." But Holy Writ teaches us to worship God. Therefore there can be superstition by reason of excess even in the worship of God.

I answer that, A thing is said to be in excess in two ways. First, with regard to absolute quantity, and in this way there cannot be excess in the worship of God, because whatever man does is less than he owes God. Secondly, a thing is in excess with regard to quantity of proportion, through not being proportionate to its end. Now the end of divine worship is that man may give glory to God, and submit to Him in mind and body. Consequently, whatever a man may do conducing to God's glory, and subjecting his mind to God, and his body, too, by a moderate curbing of the concupiscences, is not excessive in the divine worship, provided it be in accordance with the commandments of God and of the Church, and in keeping with the customs of those among whom he lives.

On the other hand if that which is done be, in itself, not conducive to God's glory, nor raise man's mind to God, nor curb inordinate concupiscence, or again if it be not in accordance with the commandments of God and of the Church, or if it be contrary to the general custom---which, according to Augustine [*Ad Casulan. Ep. xxxvi], "has the force of law"---all this must be reckoned excessive and superstitious, because consisting, as it does, of mere externals, it has no connection with the internal worship of God. Hence Augustine (De Vera Relig. iii) quotes the words of Lk. 17:21, "The kingdom of God is within you," against the "superstitious," those, to wit, who pay more attention to externals.

Reply to Objection 1: The glorification of God implies that what is done is done for God's glory: and this excludes the excess denoted by superstition.

Reply to Objection 2: Faith, hope and charity subject the mind to God, so that there can be nothing excessive in them. It is different with external acts, which sometimes have no connection with these virtues.

Reply to Objection 3: This argument considers excess by way of absolute quantity.


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1014

 90 STAT. 9 6 4

PUBLIC LAW 9 4 - 3 6 3 — J U L Y 14, 1976 P A Y M E N T OP GOVERNMENT LOSSES I N S H I P M E N T

For payment of Government losses in shipment, in accordance vrith section 2 of the Act approved July 8, 1937 (40 U.S.C. 722), $500,000, to remain available until expended. B U R E A U or ALCOHOL, TOBACCO AND FIREARMS SALARIES AND EXPENSES

V

For necessary expenses of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and F i r e arms including purchase of (not to exceed two hundred and forty of vp^hich fifty shall be for replacement only, for police-type use), and hire of passenger motor vehicles; hire of aircraft; and services of expert witnesses at such rates as may be determined by the Director; $114,500,000. UNITED STATES CUSTOMS SERVICE

'

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the United States Customs Service, including purchase of three h u n d r e d and twenty-nine passenger motor vehicles (for replacement o n l y), including three hundred and nineteen for police-type use; acquisition, operation, and maintenance of aircraft; hire of passenger motor vehicles and aircraft; and awards of compensation to informers as authorized by the Act of August 13, 1954 (22 U.S.C. 4 0 1); $340,000,000, of which not to exceed $150,000 shall be available for payment for rental space in connection with preclearance operations. B U R E A U OF THE

MINT

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Bureau of the Mint, including purchase of one passenger motor vehicle for replacement only; and not to exceed $2,500 for the expenses of the annual assay commission; $40,000,000. B U R E A U OF THE P U B L I C

DEBT

ADMINISTERING THE PUBLIC DEBT

For necessary expenses connected with any public-debt issues of the United States, $112,000,000. INTERNAL R E V E N U E SERVICE SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the I n t e r n a l Revenue Service, not otherwise provided for, including executive direction, administrative support, and internal audit and security; hire of passenger motor vehicles; and services of expert witnesses at such rates as may be determined by the Commissioner; $46,700,000. ACCOUNTS, COLLECTION AND TAXPAYER SERVICE

For necessary expenses of the I n t e r n a l Revenue Service for processing tax returns, revenue accounting, providing assistance to taxpayers, securing unfiled tax returns, and collecting unpaid taxes; hire

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1015

 PUBLIC LAW 94-363—JULY 14, 1976

90 STAT. 965

of passenger motor vehicles; and services of expert witnesses at such rates as may be determined by the Commissioner; including not to exceed $10,000,000 for employees on temporary appointments and not to exceed $183,000 for salaries of personnel engaged in premployment training of data transcriber applicants; $793,400,000. COMPLIANCE

For necessary expenses of the Internal Revenue Service for determining and establishing tax liabilities, and for investigation and enforcement activities, including purchase (not to exceed ninety-one of which ninety-one shall be for replacement only) and hire of passenger motor vehicles; and services of expert witnesses at such rates as may be determined by the Commissioner; $836,900,000. UNITED STATES SECRET SERVICE ?.-. f

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses for the operation of the United States Secret Service, including purchase (not to exceed seventy-seven for policetype use for replacement only) and hire of passenger motor vehicles; hire of aircraft; training and assistance requested by State and local governments which may be provided without reimbursement; rental of buildings in the District of Columbia, and fencing, lighting, guard booths, and other facilities on private or other property not in Government ownership or control as may be necessary to perform protective functions; and the conducting and participation in firearms matches; $112,650,000, of which not to exceed $2,000,000 shall remain available until expended, for payments to State and local governments for protection of permanent and observer foreign diplomatic missions, pursuant to Public Law 94^196. 3 USC 202, 208. GENERAL PROVISIONS—TREASURY DEPARTMENT

SEC. 101. Appropriations in this Act to the Treasury Department shall be available for uniforms or allowances therefor, as authorized by law (5 U.S.C. 5901-2) including maintenance, repairs, and cleaning; purchase of insurance for official motor vehicles operated in foreign countries; entering into contracts with the Department of State for the furnishing of health and medical services to employees and their dependents serving in foreign countries; and services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109. SEC. 102. Motor vehicles for police-type use by the Treasury Department may be purchased without regard to the general purchase price limitation for the current fiscal year. This title may be cited as the "Treasury Department Appropriations Act, 1977". TITLE II U.S. POSTAL SERVICE P A Y M E N T TO THE POSTAL SERVICE F U N D

For payment to the Postal Service Fund for public service costs and for revenue foregone on free and reduced rate mail, pursuant to 39 U.S.C. 2401 (b) and (c), and for meeting the liabilities of the former Post Office Department to the Employees' Compensation Fund

Citation of till; Postal Service Appropriation Act, 1977.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1016

 90 STAT. 966

Citation of title. Executive Office Appropriations Act, 1977.

PUBLIC LAW 94-363—JULY 14, 1976 and to postal employees for earned and unused annual leave as of June 30, 1971, pursuant to 39 U.S.C. 2004, $1,766,170,000. This title may be cited as the "Postal Service Appropriation Act, 1977". TITLE III EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE P R E S I D E N T COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT

For compensation of the President, including an expense allowance at the rate of $50,000 per annum as authorized by 3 U.S.C. 102, $250,000. THE WHITE HOUSE OrricE SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For expenses necessary for the White House Office as authorized by law, including not to exceed $3,850,000 for services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, at such per diem rates for individuals as the President may specify and other personal services without regard to the provisions of law regulating the employment and compensation of persons in the Government service; hire of passenger motor vehicles, newspapers, periodicals, teletype news service, and travel (not to exceed $100,000 to be accounted for solely on the certificate of the President); and not to exceed $10,000 for official entertainment expenses to be available for allocation within the Executive Office of the President; $16,530,000. EXECUTIVE RESIDENCE OPERATING EXPENSES

For the care, maintenance, repair and alteration, refurnishing, improvement, heating and lighting, including electric power and fixtures, of the Executive Residence, to be expended as the President may determine, notwithstanding the provisions of this or any other Act, and official entertainment expenses of the President to be accounted for solely on his certificate, $2,095,000. OFFICIAL RESIDENCE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT OPERATING EXPENSES

For the care, maintenance, repair and alteration, furnishing, improvement, heating and lighting, including electric power and fixtures, of the official residence of the Vice President, $61,000: Provided, That advances or repayments or transfers from this appropriation may be made to any department or agency for expenses of carrying out such activities. SPECIAL ASSISTANCE TO THE PRESIDENT SALARIES AND EXPENSES

5 USC 5332 note.

For expenses necessary to enable the Vice President to provide assistance to the President in connection with specially assigned functions, services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, but at rates for individuals not to exceed the per diem equivalent of the rate for grade GS-18,

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Summa Theologiae/Second Part of the Second Part/Question 94

Art. 1 - Whether idolatry is rightly reckoned a species of superstition?
Objection 1: It would seem that idolatry is not rightly reckoned a species of superstition. Just as heretics are unbelievers, so are idolaters. But heresy is a species of unbelief, as stated above (Q[11], A[1]). Therefore idolatry is also a species of unbelief and not of superstition.

Objection 2: Further, latria pertains to the virtue of religion to which superstition is opposed. But latria, apparently, is univocally applied to idolatry and to that which belongs to the true religion. For just as we speak univocally of the desire of false happiness, and of the desire of true happiness, so too, seemingly, we speak univocally of the worship of false gods, which is called idolatry, and of the worship of the true God, which is the latria of true religion. Therefore idolatry is not a species of superstition.

Objection 3: Further, that which is nothing cannot be the species of any genus. But idolatry, apparently, is nothing: for the Apostle says (1 Cor. 8:4): "We know that an idol is nothing in the world," and further on (1 Cor. 10:19): "What then? Do I say that what is offered in sacrifice to idols is anything? Or that the idol is anything?" implying an answer in the negative. Now offering things to idols belongs properly to idolatry. Therefore since idolatry is like to nothing, it cannot be a species of superstition.

Objection 4: Further, it belongs to superstition to give divine honor to whom that honor is not due. Now divine honor is undue to idols, just as it is undue to other creatures, wherefore certain people are reproached (Rom. 1:25) for that they "worshipped and served the creature rather than the Creator." Therefore this species of superstition is unfittingly called idolatry, and should rather be named "worship of creatures."

On the contrary, It is related (Acts 17:16) that when Paul awaited Silas and Timothy at Athens, "his spirit was stirred within him seeing the whole city given to idolatry," and further on (Acts 17:22) he says: "Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things you are too superstitious." Therefore idolatry belongs to superstition.

I answer that, As stated above (Q[92], A[2]), it belongs to superstition to exceed the due mode of divine worship, and this is done chiefly when divine worship is given to whom it should not be given. Now it should be given to the most high uncreated God alone, as stated above (Q[81], A[1]) when we were treating of religion. Therefore it is superstition to give worship to any creature whatsoever.

Now just as this divine worship was given to sensible creatures by means of sensible signs, such as sacrifices, games, and the like, so too was it given to a creature represented by some sensible form or shape, which is called an "idol." Yet divine worship was given to idols in various ways. For some, by means of a nefarious art, constructed images which produced certain effects by the power of the demons: wherefore they deemed that the images themselves contained something God-like, and consequently that divine worship was due to them. This was the opinion of Hermes Trismegistus [*De Natura Deorum, ad Asclep], as Augustine states (De Civ. Dei viii, 23): while others gave divine worship not to the images, but to the creatures represented thereby. The Apostle alludes to both of these (Rom. 1:23, 25). For, as regards the former, he says: "They changed the glory of the incorruptible God into the likeness of the image of a corruptible man, and of birds, and of four-footed beasts, and of creeping things," and of the latter he says: "Who worshipped and served the creature rather than the Creator."

These latter were of three ways of thinking. For some deemed certain men to have been gods, whom they worshipped in the images of those men: for instance, Jupiter, Mercury, and so forth. Others again deemed the whole world to be one god, not by reason of its material substance, but by reason of its soul, which they believed to be God, for they held God to be nothing else than a soul governing the world by movement and reason: even as a man is said to be wise in respect not of his body but of his soul. Hence they thought that divine worship ought to be given to the whole world and to all its parts, heaven, air, water, and to all such things: and to these they referred the names of their gods, as Varro asserted, and Augustine relates (De Civ. Dei vii, 5). Lastly, others, namely, the Platonists, said that there is one supreme god, the cause of all things. After him they placed certain spiritual substances created by the supreme god. These they called "gods," on account of their having a share of the godhead; but we call them "angels." After these they placed the souls of the heavenly bodies, and beneath these the demons which they stated to be certain animal denizens of the air, and beneath these again they placed human souls, which they believed to be taken up into the fellowship of the gods or of the demons by reason of the merit of their virtue. To all these they gave divine worship, as Augustine relates (De Civ . . Dei xviii, 14).

The last two opinions were held to belong to "natural theology" which the philosophers gathered from their study of the world and taught in the schools: while the other, relating to the worship of men, was said to belong to "mythical theology" which was wont to be represented on the stage according to the fancies of poets. The remaining opinion relating to images was held to belong to "civil theology," which was celebrated by the pontiffs in the temples [*De Civ. Dei vi, 5].

Now all these come under the head of the superstition of idolatry. Wherefore Augustine says (De Doctr. Christ. ii, 20): "Anything invented by man for making and worshipping idols, or for giving Divine worship to a creature or any part of a creature, is superstitious."

Reply to Objection 1: Just as religion is not faith, but a confession of faith by outward signs, so superstition is a confession of unbelief by external worship. Such a confession is signified by the term idolatry, but not by the term heresy, which only means a false opinion. Therefore heresy is a species of unbelief, but idolatry is a species of superstition.

Reply to Objection 2: The term latria may be taken in two senses. In one sense it may denote a human act pertaining to the worship of God: and then its signification remains the same, to whomsoever it be shown, because, in this sense, the thing to which it is shown is not included in its definition. Taken thus latria is applied univocally, whether to true religion or to idolatry, just as the payment of a tax is univocally the same, whether it is paid to the true or to a false king. In another sense latria denotes the same as religion, and then, since it is a virtue, it is essential thereto that divine worship be given to whom it ought to be given; and in this way latria is applied equivocally to the latria of true religion, and to idolatry: just as prudence is applied equivocally to the prudence that is a virtue, and to that which is carnal.

Reply to Objection 3: The saying of the Apostle that "an idol is nothing in the world" means that those images which were called idols, were not animated, or possessed of a divine power, as Hermes maintained, as though they were composed of spirit and body. In the same sense we must understand the saying that "what is offered in sacrifice to idols is not anything," because by being thus sacrificed the sacrificial flesh acquired neither sanctification, as the Gentiles thought, nor uncleanness, as the Jews held.

Reply to Objection 4: It was owing to the general custom among the Gentiles of worshipping any kind of creature under the form of images that the term "idolatry" was used to signify any worship of a creature, even without the use of images.

Art. 2 - Whether idolatry is a sin?
Objection 1: It would seem that idolatry is not a sin. Nothing is a sin that the true faith employs in worshipping God. Now the true faith employs images for the divine worship: since both in the Tabernacle were there images of the cherubim, as related in Ex. 25, and in the Church are images set up which the faithful worship. Therefore idolatry, whereby idols are worshipped, is not a sin.

Objection 2: Further, reverence should be paid to every superior. But the angels and the souls of the blessed are our superiors. Therefore it will be no sin to pay them reverence by worship, of sacrifices or the like.

Objection 3: Further, the most high God should be honored with an inward worship, according to Jn. 4:24, "God . . . they must adore . . . in spirit and in truth": and Augustine says (Enchiridion iii), that "God is worshipped by faith, hope and charity." Now a man may happen to worship idols outwardly, and yet not wander from the true faith inwardly. Therefore it seems that we may worship idols outwardly without prejudice to the divine worship.

On the contrary, It is written (Ex. 20:5): "Thou shalt not adore them," i.e. outwardly, "nor serve them," i.e. inwardly, as a gloss explains it: and it is a question of graven things and images. Therefore it is a sin to worship idols whether outwardly or inwardly.

I answer that, There has been a twofold error in this matter. For some [*The School of Plato] have thought that to offer sacrifices and other things pertaining to latria, not only to God but also to the others aforesaid, is due and good in itself, since they held that divine honor should be paid to every superior nature, as being nearer to God. But this is unreasonable. For though we ought to revere all superiors, yet the same reverence is not due to them all: and something special is due to the most high God Who excels all in a singular manner: and this is the worship of latria.

Nor can it be said, as some have maintained, that "these visible sacrifices are fitting with regard to other gods, and that to the most high God, as being better than those others, better sacrifices, namely, the service of a pure mind, should be offered" [*Augustine, as quoted below]. The reason is that, as Augustine says (De Civ. Dei x, 19), "external sacrifices are signs of internal, just as audible words are signs of things. Wherefore, just as by prayer and praise we utter significant words to Him, and offer to Him in our hearts the things they signify, so too in our sacrifices we ought to realize that we should offer a visible sacrifice to no other than to Him Whose invisible sacrifice we ourselves should be in our hearts."

Others held that the outward worship of latria should be given to idols, not as though it were something good or fitting in itself, but as being in harmony with the general custom. Thus Augustine (De Civ. Dei vi, 10) quotes Seneca as saying: "We shall adore," says he, "in such a way as to remember that our worship ss in accordance with custom rather than with the reality": and (De Vera Relig. v) Augustine says that "we must not seek religion from the philosophers, who accepted the same things for sacred, as did the people; and gave utterance in the schools to various and contrary opinions about the nature of their gods, and the sovereign good." This error was embraced also by certain heretics [*The Helcesaitae], who affirmed that it is not wrong for one who is seized in time of persecution to worship idols outwardly so long as he keeps the faith in his heart.

But this is evidently false. For since outward worship is a sign of the inward worship, just as it is a wicked lie to affirm the contrary of what one holds inwardly of the true faith so too is it a wicked falsehood to pay outward worship to anything counter to the sentiments of one's heart. Wherefore Augustine condemns Seneca (De Civ. Dei vi, 10) in that "his worship of idols was so much the more infamous forasmuch as the things he did dishonestly were so done by him that the people believed him to act honestly."

Reply to Objection 1: Neither in the Tabernacle or Temple of the Old Law, nor again now in the Church are images set up that the worship of latria may be paid to them, but for the purpose of signification, in order that belief in the excellence of angels and saints may be impressed and confirmed in the mind of man. It is different with the image of Christ, to which latria is due on account of His Divinity, as we shall state in the TP, Q[25], A[3].

The Replies to the Second and Third Objections are evident from what has been said above.

Art. 3 - Whether idolatry is the gravest of sins?
Objection 1: It would seem that idolatry is not the gravest of sins. The worst is opposed to the best (Ethic. viii, 10). But interior worship, which consists of faith, hope and charity, is better than external worship. Therefore unbelief, despair and hatred of God, which are opposed to internal worship, are graver sins than idolatry, which is opposed to external worship.

Objection 2: Further, the more a sin is against God the more grievous it is. Now, seemingly, a man acts more directly against God by blaspheming, or denying the faith, than by giving God's worship to another, which pertains to idolatry. Therefore blasphemy and denial of the faith are more grievous sins than idolatry.

Objection 3: Further, it seems that lesser evils are punished with greater evils. But the sin of idolatry was punished with the sin against nature, as stated in Rom. 1:26. Therefore the sin against nature is a graver sin than idolatry.

Objection 4: Further, Augustine says (Contra Faust. xx, 5): "Neither do we say that you," viz. the Manichees, "are pagans, or a sect of pagans, but that you bear a certain likeness to them since you worship many gods: and yet you are much worse than they are, for they worship things that exist, but should not be worshiped as gods, whereas you worship things that exist not at all." Therefore the vice of heretical depravity is more grievous than idolatry.

Objection 5: Further, a gloss of Jerome on Gal. 4:9, "How turn you again to the weak and needy elements?" says: "The observance of the Law, to which they were then addicted, was a sin almost equal to the worship of idols, to which they had been given before their conversion." Therefore idolatry is not the most grievous sin.

On the contrary, A gloss on the saying of Lev. 15:25, about the uncleanness of a woman suffering from an issue of blood, says: "Every sin is an uncleanness of the soul, but especially idolatry."

I answer that, The gravity of a sin may be considered in two ways. First, on the part of the sin itself, and thus idolatry is the most grievous sin. For just as the most heinous crime in an earthly commonwealth would seem to be for a man to give royal honor to another than the true king, since, so far as he is concerned, he disturbs the whole order of the commonwealth, so, in sins that are committed against God, which indeed are the greater sins, the greatest of all seems to be for a man to give God's honor to a creature, since, so far as he is concerned, he sets up another God in the world, and lessens the divine sovereignty. Secondly, the gravity of a sin may be considered on the part of the sinner. Thus the sin of one that sins knowingly is said to be graver than the sin of one that sins through ignorance: and in this way nothing hinders heretics, if they knowingly corrupt the faith which they have received, from sinning more grievously than idolaters who sin through ignorance. Furthermore other sins may be more grievous on account of greater contempt on the part of the sinner.

Reply to Objection 1: Idolatry presupposes internal unbelief, and to this it adds undue worship. But in a case of external idolatry without internal unbelief, there is an additional sin of falsehood, as stated above (A[2]).

Reply to Objection 2: Idolatry includes a grievous blasphemy, inasmuch as it deprives God of the singleness of His dominion and denies the faith by deeds.

Reply to Objection 3: Since it is essential to punishment that it be against the will, a sin whereby another sin is punished needs to be more manifest, in order that it may make the man more hateful to himself and to others; but it need not be a more grievous sin: and in this way the sin against nature is less grievous than the sin of idolatry. But since it is more manifest, it is assigned as a fitting punishment of the sin of idolatry, in order that, as by idolatry man abuses the order of the divine honor, so by the sin against nature he may suffer confusion from the abuse of his own nature.

Reply to Objection 4: Even as to the genus of the sin, the Manichean heresy is more grievous than the sin of other idolaters, because it is more derogatory to the divine honor, since they set up two gods in opposition to one another, and hold many vain and fabulous fancies about God. It is different with other heretics, who confess their belief in one God and worship Him alone.

Reply to Objection 5: The observance of the Law during the time of grace is not quite equal to idolatry as to the genus of the sin, but almost equal, because both are species of pestiferous superstition.

Art. 4 - Whether the cause of idolatry was on the part of man?
Objection 1: It would seem that the cause of idolatry was not on the part of man. In man there is nothing but either nature, virtue, or guilt. But the cause of idolatry could not be on the part of man's nature, since rather does man's natural reason dictate that there is one God, and that divine worship should not be paid to the dead or to inanimate beings. Likewise, neither could idolatry have its cause in man on the part of virtue, since "a good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit," according to Mat. 7:18: nor again could it be on the part of guilt, because, according to Wis. 14:27, "the worship of abominable idols is the cause and the beginning and end of all evil." Therefore idolatry has no cause on the part of man.

Objection 2: Further, those things which have a cause in man are found among men at all times. Now idolatry was not always, but is stated [*Peter Comestor, Hist. Genes. xxxvii, xl] to have been originated either by Nimrod, who is related to have forced men to worship fire, or by Ninus, who caused the statue of his father Bel to be worshiped. Among the Greeks, as related by Isidore (Etym. viii, 11), Prometheus was the first to set up statues of men: and the Jews say that Ismael was the first to make idols of clay. Moreover, idolatry ceased to a great extent in the sixth age. Therefore idolatry had no cause on the part of man.

Objection 3: Further, Augustine says (De Civ. Dei xxi, 6): "It was not possible to learn, for the first time, except from their" (i.e. the demons') "teaching, what each of them desired or disliked, and by what name to invite or compel him: so as to give birth to the magic arts and their professors": and the same observation seems to apply to idolatry. Therefore idolatry had no cause on the part of man.

On the contrary, It is written (Wis. 14:14): "By the vanity of men they," i.e. idols, "came into the world."

I answer that, Idolatry had a twofold cause. One was a dispositive cause; this was on the part of man, and in three ways. First, on account of his inordinate affections, forasmuch as he gave other men divine honor, through either loving or revering them too much. This cause is assigned (Wis. 14:15): "A father being afflicted with bitter grief, made to himself the image of his son, who was quickly taken away: and him who then had died as a man he began to worship as a god." The same passage goes on to say (Wis. 14:21) that "men serving either their affection, or their kings, gave the incommunicable name [Vulg.: 'names']," i.e. of the Godhead, "to stones and wood." Secondly, because man takes a natural pleasure in representations, as the Philosopher observes (Poet. iv), wherefore as soon as the uncultured man saw human images skillfully fashioned by the diligence of the craftsman, he gave them divine worship; hence it is written (Wis. 13:11-17): "If an artist, a carpenter, hath cut down a tree, proper for his use, in the wood . . . and by the skill of his art fashioneth it, and maketh it like the image of a man . . . and then maketh prayer to it, inquiring concerning his substance, and his children, or his marriage." Thirdly, on account of their ignorance of the true God, inasmuch as through failing to consider His excellence men gave divine worship to certain creatures, on account of their beauty or power, wherefore it is written (Wis. 13:1,2): "All men . . . neither by attending to the works have acknowledged who was the workman, but have imagined either the fire, or the wind, or the swift air, or the circle of the stars, or the great water, or the sun and the moon, to be the gods that rule the world."

The other cause of idolatry was completive, and this was on the part of the demons, who offered themselves to be worshipped by men, by giving answers in the idols, and doing things which to men seemed marvelous. Hence it is written (Ps. 95:5): "All the gods of the Gentiles are devils."

Reply to Objection 1: The dispositive cause of idolatry was, on the part of man, a defect of nature, either through ignorance in his intellect, or disorder in his affections, as stated above; and this pertains to guilt. Again, idolatry is stated to be the cause, beginning and end of all sin, because there is no kind of sin that idolatry does not produce at some time, either through leading expressly to that sin by causing it, or through being an occasion thereof, either as a beginning or as an end, in so far as certain sins were employed in the worship of idols; such as homicides, mutilations, and so forth. Nevertheless certain sins may precede idolatry and dispose man thereto.

Reply to Objection 2: There was no idolatry in the first age, owing to the recent remembrance of the creation of the world, so that man still retained in his mind the knowledge of one God. In the sixth age idolatry was banished by the doctrine and power of Christ, who triumphed over the devil.

Reply to Objection 3: This argument considers the consummative cause of idolatry.


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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1017

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90 STAT. 967

compensation for one position at a rate not to exceed the rate of level II of the Executive schedule, and other personal services without 5 USC 5313. regard to the provisions of law regulating the employment and compensation of persons in the Government service, including hire of passenger motor vehicles, $1,246,000. COUNCIL or

ECONOMIC ADVISERS

SALARIES AND

EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Council in carrying out its functions under the Employment Act of 1946 (15 U.S.C. 1021), $1,718,000. COUNCIL ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY SAIJARIES A N D

EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Council on International Economic Policy, including hire of passenger motor vehicles, $1,450,000, of which, an amount not to exceed $1,000 may be expended for official entertainment. COUNCIL ON WAGE AND PRICE STABILITY .O; •;•

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For expenses, including compensation for the Deputy Director at a rate not to exceed the rate for level V of the Executive Schedule, necessary for the Council on Wage and Price Stability as authorized by the Council on Wage and Price Stability Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-387 as amended by Public Law 94-78) $1,607,000. 12 USC 1904 note. DOMESTIC COUNCIL SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Domestic Council, including services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, but at rates for individuals not to exceed the per diem equivalent of the rate for grade GS-18; and other 5 USC 5332 note, personal services without regard to the provisions of law regulating the employment and compensation of persons in the Government service; $1,700,000. NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For expenses necessary for the National Security Council, including services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, $3,210,000. OrncE OF

MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For expenses necessary for the Office of Management and Budget, inc] uding hire of passenger motor vehicles and services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, $25,300,000.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1018

 9 0 STAT. 968

PUBLIC LAW 9 4 - 3 6 3 — J U L Y 14, 1976 O r n c E OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT P O L I C Y SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For expenses of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, including services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, $1,627,000. OFFICE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS P O L I C Y SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For expenses necessary for the conduct of telecommunications functions assigned to the Director of the Office of Telecommunications Policy, including hire of passenger motor vehicles, and services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, $8,206,000. UNANTICIPATED NEEDS

Citation of title. Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1977.

For expenses necessary to enable the President to meet unanticipated needs, in furtherance of the national interest, security, or defense which may arise at home or abroad during the current fiscal year, and to pay administrative expenses (including personnel, in his discretion and without regard to any provision of law regulating employment and pay of persons in the Government service or regulating expenditures of Government funds) incurred with respect thereto, $1,000,000. This title may be cited as the "Executive Office Appropriations Act, 1977". TITLE IV—INDEPENDENT AGENCIES ADMINISTRATIVE

CONFERENCE OF THE UNITED

STATES

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Administrative Conference of the United States, established by the Administrative Conference Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. 571 et seq.), $880,000. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON FEDERAL P A Y

.•it-

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Advisory Committee on Federal P a y, established by 5 U.S.C. 5306, $215,000. ADVISORY

COMMITTEE

ON INTERGOVERNMENTAL

RELATIONS

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

42 USC 4271.

For expenses necessary to carry out the provisions of the Act of September 24, 1959, as amended (73 Stat. 703-706), $1,301,000. C IV I L SERVICE SALARIES AND

COMMISSION EXPENSES

For necessary expenses, including services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109; medical examinations performed for veterans by private physicians on a fee basis; rental of conference rooms in the District of Columbia; hire of passenger motor vehicles; not to exceed $2,500 for official reception and representation expenses; and advances or reim-

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1019

 PUBLIC LAW 94-363—JULY 14, 1976

90 STAT. 969

bursements to applicable funds of the Commission and the Federal Bureau of Investigation for expenses incurred under Executive O r d e r 10422 of January 9, 1953, as amended; $102,328,000 together with not 22 USC 287 note, to exceed $24,365,000 for current fiscal year administrative expenses for the retirement and insurance programs to be transferred from the appropriate trust funds of the Commission in amounts determined by the Commission without regard to other statutes: Provided, That the provisions of this appropriation shall not affect the authority to use applicable t r u s t funds for administrative expenses of effecting statutory annuity adjustments. No part of the appropriation herein made to the Civil Service Commission shall be available for the salaries and ^^ expenses of the Legal E x a m i n i n g U n i t of the Commission, established ' ' pursuant to Executive Order 9358 of July 1, 1943, or any successor 3 CFR unit of like purpose. 1943-1948 Comp., p. 256. GOVERNMENT P A Y M E N T FOR A N N U I T A N T S, HEALTH BENEFITS

EMPLOYEES

For payment of Government contributions with respect to retired employees, as authorized by chapter 89 of title 6, United States Code, 5 USC 8901 and the Retired Federal Employees Health Benefits Act (74 Stat, e^^^y. 849), as amended, $451,844,000. P A Y M E N T TO C IV I L SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY

FUND

For financing the unfunded liability of new and increased annuity benefits becoming effective on or after October 20, 1969, as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 8348, and annuities under special acts, to be credited to the Civil Service retirement and disability funds, $2,874,955,000: Provided, That annuities authorized by the Act of May 29, 1944, as 33 USC 776. amended (2 C.Z.C. 181) and the Act of August 19, 1950, as amended 33 USC 776. (33 U.S.C. 771-775) may hereafter be paid out of the Civil Service retirement and disability fund. FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS COUNCIL SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For expenses necessary to carry out functions of the Civil Service Commission under Executive Order No. 11491 of October 29, 1969, as amended, $1,565,000: Provided, That public members of the Federal 5 USC 7301 note. Service Impasses Panel may be paid travel expenses per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by law (5 U.S.C. 5703) for persons employed i intermittently in the Government Service, and compensation as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109. INTERGOVERNMENTAL PERSONNEL ASSISTANCE

For grants to improve State and local personnel administration, as authorized by the Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1970, 42 USC 4701 $15,000,000, to remain available until expended. note. COMMISSION ON EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE, AND JUDICIAL SALARIES SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the Commission on Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Salaries, authorized by section 225 of the Postal

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1020

 9 0 STAT. 970

PUBLIC LAW 9 4 - 3 6 3 — J U L Y 14, 1976

2 USC 351-361.

Revenue and Federal Salary Act of 1967 (81 Stat. 642-645), $100,000, to remain available until expended. COMMISSION ON THE R E VI E W o r THE NATIONAL P O L I C Y TOWARD GAMBLING SALARIES AND EXPENSES

18 USC 1955 note. .

For expenses necessary to carry out functions of the Commission on the Review of the National Policy To w a r d Gambling, established by section 804 of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 ( P. L. 91-452; 84 Stat. 938), $265,000. COMMITTEE FOR P U R C H A S E F R O M THE B L I N D AND OTHER SEVERELY HANDICAPPED SALARIES AND EXPENSES

41 USC 46.

For expenses necessary for the Committee for Purchase from the Blind and Other Severely H and i c a p p e d established by the Act of June 23, 1971, Public Law 92-28, including hire of passenger motor vehicles, $316,000. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION SALARIES AND EXPENSES

2 USC 431 note.

For expenses necessary to carry out the provisions of the Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1974, $6,000,000. GENERAL

SERVICES

ADMINISTRATION

DISPOSAL OP SURPLUS R E A L AND RELATED PERSONAL PROPERTY, OPERATING E X P E N S E S

16USe460Z-5.

Not to exceed $6,205,000 of any proceeds received by the General Services Administration during the current fiscal year from transfers of excess property and the disposal of surplus real and related personal property shall be deposited to this appropriation, and shall be available for necessary expenses incurred in the Federal Buildings F u n d in carrying out surplus property functions, pursuant to the L and and W a t e r Conservation Act of 1965, as amended (16 U.S.C. 460 1-5). FEDERAL BUILDINGS F U N D LIMITATIONS ON AVAILABILITY OF REVENUE

The revenues and collections deposited into a fund pursuant to section 210(f) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended (40 U.S.C. 4 9 0 (f)), shall be available for necessary expenses of real property management and related activities not otherwise provided for, including operation, maintenance, and protection of federally owned and leased buildings; rental of buildings in the District of Columbia; restoration of leased premises; moving Government agencies (including space adjustments) in connection with the assignment, allocation and transfer of space; contractual services incident to cleaning or servicing buildings and moving; repair and

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1021

 PUBLIC LAW 94^363—JULY 14, 1976 alteration of federally owned buildings, including grounds, approaches and appurtenances; care and safeguarding of sites; maintenance, preservation, demolition, and equipment; acquisition of buildings and sites by purchase, condemnation, or as otherwise authorized by law; conversion and extension of federally owned buildings; preliminary planning and design of projects by contract or otherwise; construction of new buildings (including equipment for such buildings); and payment of principal, interest, taxes, and any other obligations for public buildings acquired by purchase contract; in the aggregate amount of $1,130,755,000 of which (1) not to exceed $28,400,000 shall remain available until expended for construction of additional projects as authorized by law at locations and at maximum construction improvement costs (including funds for sites and expenses) as follows: N^ew Construction: California: Los Angeles, Parking Facility, $5,665,000 Hawaii: Honolulu, Prince J. K. Kalanianaole Federal Building Courthouse, $3,500,000 Illinois: East St. Louis, Courthouse and Federal Building, $5,365,000 Michigan: Detroit, Patrick V. McNamara Federal Office Building, $800,000 New York: N"ew York, Customs Courthouse Federal Office Building Annex, $1,500,000 Washington: Blaine, Border Station, $3,159,000 Wisconsin: Madison, Courthouse, $5,778,000 Conversions: Georgia: Atlanta, Post Office and Courthouse, $1,830,000 Augusta, Post Office and Courthouse, $803,000 Provided, That the immediately foregoing limits of costs may be exceeded to the extent that savings are effected in other such projects, but by not to exceed 10 per centum: (2) not to exceed $60,700,000, which shall remain available until expended for alterations and major repairs; (3) not to exceed $92,000,000 for payment on purchase contracts entered into prior to July 1, 1975; (4) not to exceed $473,200,000 for rental of space; (5) not to exceed $414,905,000 for real property operations: and (6) not to exceed $61,550,000 for program direction and centralized services: Provided further. That for the purposes of this authorization, buildings constructed pursuant to the Public Buildings Purchase Contract Act of 1954 (40 U.S.C. 356), the Public Buildings Amendments of 1972 (40 U.S.C. 490) and buildings under the control of another department or agency where alterations of such buildings are required in connection with the moving of such other department or agency from buildings then, or thereafter to be, under the control of General Services Administration shall be considered to be federally owned buildings: Provided further, That amounts necessary to provide reimbursable special services to other agencies under Section 210(f)(6) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended (40 U.S.C. 490(f)(6)) and amounts to provide such reimbursable fencing, lighting, guard booths, and other facilities on private or other property not in Government ownership

90 STAT. 971

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1022

 90 STAT. 972

PUBLIC LAW 94-363—JULY 14, 1976 or control as may be appropriate to enable the United States Secret Service to perform its protective functions pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 3056, as amended, shall be available from such revenues and collections: Provided further, That any revenues and collections and any other sums accruing to this fund during' fiscal year 1977, excluding reimbursements under section 210(f)(6) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 490(f)(6) }, in excess of $1,156,018,000 shall be deposited in miscellaneous receipts of the Treasury of the United States. FEDERAL S U P P L Y

SERVICE

OPERATING EXPENSES

7 USC 1704. 50 USC app. 2061.

For expenses, not otherwise provided, necessary for supply distribution (including contractual services incident to receiving, handling and shipping supply items), procurement, inspection, standardization, and supply management activities as authorized by law, transportation, public utilities, the utilization of excess property, the disposal of surplus property, the rehabilitation of personal property, the national stockpile established by the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock P i l i n g Act (50 U.S.C. 98-98h), the supplemental stockpile established by section 104(b) of the Agricultural Trade Developmental and Assistance Act of 1954 (68 Stat. 456, as amended by 73 Stat. 607), and the inventory maintained under the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (50 U.S.C. 2061-2166), including services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, $154,266,000: Provided, That during the current fiscal year the General Services Administration is authorized to acquire leasehold interests in property, for periods not in excess of twenty years, for the storage, security, and maintenance of strategic, critical, and other materials in the national and supplemental stockpiles, provided said leasehold interests are at nominal cost to the Government: Provided further. That during the current fiscal year there shall be no limitation on the value of surplus strategic and critical materials which, in accordance with section 6 of the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock P i l i n g Act (50 U.S.C. 98e), may be transferred without reimbursement to the national stockpile: Provided further, That during the current fiscal year materials in the inventory maintained under the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (50 U.S.C. A p p, 2061-2166), and excess materials in the national stockpile and supplemental stockpile, the disposition of which is authorized by law, shall be available, without reimbursement, for transfer at fair market value to contractors as payment for expenses (including transportation and other accessorial expenses) of acquisition of materials, or of refining, processing, or otherwise beneficiating materials, or of rotating materials, pursuant to section 3 of the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock P i l i n g Act (50 U.S.C. 98b), and of processing and refining materials pursuant to section 303(d) of the Defense P r o duction Act of 1950, as amended (50 U.S.C. A p p. 2 0 9 3 (d)). NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS SERVICE OPERATING EXPENSES

For necessary expenses in connection with Federal records management and related activities, as provided by law, including reimbursement for security g u a r d services, contractual services incident to

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1023

 PUBLIC LAW 94-363—JULY 14, 1976

90 STAT. 973

movement or disposal of records, and acceptance and utilization of voluntary and uncompensated services, $64,219,000, of which $3,000,000 for allocations and grants for historical publications and records as authorized by 44 U.S.C. 2504, as amended, shall remain available until expended. RECORDS DECLASSIFICATION

For expenses necessary for the review and declassification of documents, and related records management activities, pursuant to Executive Order 11652, directives issued pursuant thereto, and other 50 USC 401 note, applicable authorities, including expenses not otherwise provided for, and acceptance and utilization of voluntary and uncompensated services, $1,410,000. AUTOMATED DATA AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE OPERATING E X P E N S E S

For expenses, not otherwise provided, necessary for carrying out Government-wide responsibilities relating to automated data management, telecommunications and related activities, as authorized by law, including services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, $7,475,000. FEDERAL PREPAREDNESS AGENCY SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For expenses necessary for emergency preparedness functions, including activities authorized by 50 U.S.C. 404(b)(3), and 50 U.S.C. app. 2251-2297, and the disposal of excess materials in the national stockpile established by the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 98-98h), the supplemental stockpile established by section 104(b) of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (68 Stat. 456, as amended by 73 Stat. 607), and the 7 USC 1704. inventory maintained under the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (50 U.S.C. 2061-2166), including services as authorized by 50 USC app. 5 U.S.C. 3109 and expenses of attendance of cooperating officials and 2061. individuals at meetings concerned with the work of emergency planning, and the provision of transportation in connection with the continuity of Government program, to the same extent and in the same manner as permitted the Secretary of a military department under 10 U.S.C. 2632, $16,296,000. ." v GENERAL MANAGEMENT AND AGENCY OPERATIONS SAI^RIES AND EXPENSES

For expenses of general management and agency operations of activities under the control of the General Services Administration, $6,616,000: Provided, That not to exceed $2,500 shall be available for reception and representation expenses. INDIAN TRUST ACCOUNTING

For expenses necessary to provide accounting records management, and other support incident to adjudication of Indian Tribal claims by the Indian Claims Commission, $2,702,000: Provided, That none of these funds shall be available for transfer to any other account.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1024

 90 STAT. 9 7 4

PUBLIC LAW 94-363—JULY 14, 1976 ALLOWANCES AND OFFICE S T A F F FOR FORMER PRESIDENTS

For carrying out the provisions of the Act of August 25, 1958, as amended (3 U.S.C. 102 note), $280,000: Provided, That the Administrator of General Services shall transfer to the Secretary of the Treasury such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of sections (a) and (c) of such Act. E X P E N S E S, PRESIDENTIAL TRANSITION

For expenses necessary to carry out the provisions of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963, as amended (3 U.S.C. 102, note), $900,000. ADMINISTRATIVE AND S T A F F SUPPORT SERVICES SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For administrative expenses necessary in providing general administrative and staff support services within the General Services Administration, not otherwise provided for, $72,219,000: Provided, That this appropriation shall be available, subject to reimbursement by the applicable agency, for services performed for other agencies pursuant to section 601 of the Economy Act of 1932, as amended (31 U.S.C. 686). GENERAL PROVISIONS—GENER^^L SERVICES ADMINISTRATION

40 USC 759.

SEC. 1. The appropriate appropriation or fund available to the General Services Administration shall be credited with (1) cost of operation, protection, maintenance, upkeep, repair, and improvement, included as part of rentals received from Government corporations pursuant to law (40 U.S.C. 1 2 9); and (2) appropriations or funds available to other agencies, and transferred to the General Services Administration, in connection with property transferred to the General Services Administration pursuant to the Act of July 2, 1948 (50 U.S.C. 451fF), and such appropriations or funds may be so transferred, with the approval of the Office of Management and Budget. SEC. 2. Funds available to the General Services Administration shall be available for the hire of passenger motor vehicles. SEC. 3. None of the funds available under this Act or under section 111 of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 shall be obligated or expended for the procurement by purchase, lease or any other arrangement, in whole or in part, of any or all the automatic data processing system, d a t a communications network, or related software and services for the joint General Services Administration-Department of Agriculture M C S project 97-72 contained in the Request for Proposal C D P A 74-14, any successor to such project, or any other common user shared facilities authorized under section 111 of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949. HARRY S TRUMAN SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATION P A Y M E N T TO THE HARRY S TRUMAN MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIP TRUST FUND

For payment to the H a r r y S T r u m a n Memorial Scholarship T r u s t F u n d, $20,000,000. ,.,,s r

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 1.djvu/1025

 PUBLIC LAW 94-363—JULY 14, 1976 '

NATIONAL COMMISSION ON ELECTRONIC F U N D

90 STAT. 9 7 5

TRANSFERS

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

^

For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of title II of Public Law 93-495, $1,300,000, to remain available until expended.

12 USC 2401.

NATIONAL CENTER FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND Q U A L I T Y OF W O R K I N G L I F E SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses of the National Center for Productivity and Quality of W o r k i n g Life, including services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, and hire of passenger motor vehicles, $2,750,000. NATIONAL COMMISSION ON S U P P L I E S AND

SHORTAGES

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of the National Commission on Supplies and Shortages Act (Public Law 93-426), 50 USC app. including personal services without regard to the provisions of law 2169. regulating the employment and compensation of persons in the Government service, $360,000. NATIONAL STUDY COMMISSION ON RECORDS AND DOCUMENTS OF FEDERAL

OFFICIALS

SALARIES AND

EXPENSES

For expenses necessary to carry out the provisions of title II of the Act of December 19, 1974 (Public Law 93-526), as amended by Public 44 USC 3315 Law 92-261 (44 U.S.C. 33), $350,000. note. 44 USC 3318, UNITED

STATES T A X

COURT

^^^^•

SALARIES AND EXPENSES

For necessary expenses, including contract reporting and other services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109, $7,222,000: Provided, That travel 26 USC 7443. expenses of the judges shall be paid upon the written certificate of the judge. D E F E N S E C IV I L PREPAREDNESS A G E N C Y OPERATION A N D

.,

MAINTENANCE

For expenses, not otherwise provided for, necessary for carrying out civil defense activities including the hire of motor vehicles; and financial contributions to the States for civil defense purposes, as authorized •-'. by law; $65,000,000: Provided, That not to exceed $29,600,000 shall be available for allocation under section 205 of the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950, as amended. 5 USC app. 2286. RESEARCH, SHELTER SURVEY, AND MARKING

For expenses, not otherwise provided for, necessary for studies and research to develop measures and plans for civil defense; continuing shelter surveys, marking, and equipping surveyed spaces; and finan-

89-194 O—78—pt. 1

65

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