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138 ) Browne; ed. Bryn Mawr School, Baltimore; A.B. Bryn Mawr Coll., Pa., 1898; M.D. Woman's Med. Coll., Baltimore, 1912. City physician, 1903-12. Catholic. Mem. D.A.R., Med. and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, Am. Med. Ass'n, Nat. Geographic Soc. Mem. Coll. Club, Social Service Club. Favors woman suffrage.

BROWNE, Nina Eliza, 44 Pinckney St., Boston, Mass.

Librarian; b. Erving, Mass., Oct. 6, 1860; dau. Charles Theodore B. and Nancy Smith Chapman Browne; ed. public schools, Amherst, Mass., Smith Coll., Mass., A.B. '82; A.M. '85; post-grad, course, 1882-83; grad. Columbia Univ. Library School '89; Bachelor of Library Science (B.L.S.) Univ. State of N.Y., '91. Assistant Columbia Library, 1888-89, New York State Library 1889-92; libarian Library Bureau, Boston, 1893-96; ass't sec. and sec. Publishing Board Am. Library Ass'n, 1896-09; registrar Am. Library Ass'n, 1889-09; ass't Harvard Coll. Library, 1911—. Resident of social settlements, 1893-97; treas. Religious Soc, 1906—; sec. various college Alumnae organizations. Compiler of Bibliography of Hawthorne, 1905; editor Catalogue of Officers, Graduates and Non-graduates of Smith Coll., 1875-1905-06; joint editor A.L.A. Index to Portraits, 1906. Mem. Am. Library Ass'n, Mass. Library Club, Ass'n of Collegiate Alumnae, Woman's Trade Union League. Clubs: Twentieth Century, College (Boston). Episcopalian. Favors woman suffrage.

BROWNE, Mary Catherine, 20 Arden St., N.Y. City.

Vocalist and teacher; b. North Adams, Mass., April 30, 1886; dau. Isaac S. and Elizabeth A. (Tobin) Browne; ed. Drury Acad., North Adams, Mass.; private vocal teachers in North Adams, Boston and N.Y. City; Columbia Univ. courses in music. Made concert tour covering 22 States in year 1906; went to Panama for U.S. Government, summer of 1906, with concert company; director of Euterpe Glee Club, New London, Conn., four years. Teacher of music in high schools of New London, Conn.; vocal teacher in New London and New York City; director of choral clubs; lecturer on folk-music and professional singer, contralto. Interested especially in social service and all reforms tending to higher advancement, of women. Favors woman suffrage; mem. Equal Franchise League, New London, Conn.; served on the Exec. Board of same and as chairman of Entertainment Com. Congregationalist. Recreations: Swimming, walking. Mem. Saturday Club of New London, Conn.

BROWNE, Mary Nicholson, 510 Park Av., Baltimore, Md.

Physician; b. Baltimore, Nov. 30, 1879; dau. B. Bernard Browne, M.D., and Jennie Nicholson Browne; grad. Bryn Mawr School, '95; Bryn Mawr Coll., A.B. '99; Woman's Med. Coll., M.D. '02. Obstetrician and gynecologist. Favors woman suffrage. Roman Catholic. Mem. Colonial Dames and College Club.

BROWNE, Matilda, Indian Field Road, Greenwich, Conn.

Artist; b. Newark, N.J., May 8, 1869; dau. Leonard P. and Matilda (Culver) Browne; studied art in Paris, France, and Holland; has taken Dodge and Halgarten prizes; honorable mention Columbian Exposition. Presbyterian. Against woman suffrage.

BROWNE, Orva M., 35 36 A St., San Diego, Cal.

Deputy county sup't of schools; b. Topeka, Kan., Dec. 23, 1878; dau. Payne and Louise (Downer) Browne; ed. Coronnado (Cal.) High School and Univ. of Cal., Berkeley, Cal. Mem. D.A.R. and College Woman's Club. Christian Scientist. Favors woman suffrage. Progressive Republican.

BROWNE, Rose Lane (Mrs. George W. Browne), Athens, Tenn.

Writer; b. Athens, Tenn., Jan. 30, 1859; dau. Gen. James T. and Quintina (Moss) Lane; ed. chiefly in private schools, finishing at Ward's Sem., Nashville, Tenn., receiving degree of Mistress of English and French Literature; m. Athens, Tenn., 1890, George W. Browne; children: Elsworth, Virginia Lane, Quintene Lucy, Vivian Rose. One of the only two advocates of woman suffrage in her home town, where it requires considerable courage to declare in favor of it. Occasional writer of prose and verse. Mem. Christian Church. Democrat. Mem. D.A.R., Parent-Teacher Ass'n. Recreation: Reading.

BROWNE, Sarah Alice, 66 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass.

Teacher; b. Bath, Me., Mar. 9, 1855; dau. Edwin R. and Eliza A. (Alexander) Browne; ed. public schools of Boston; Smith Coll., A.B. '81 (mem. Alpha Soc); grad. student at Mass. Inst. Technology and Collège de France, Paris. Teacher in public schools of Boston four years before entering college; in private schools since 1881; principal Classical School for Girls at 66 Marlborough St., 1887-1911. Favors woman suffrage. Unitarian. Charter mem. Ass'n of Collegiate Alumnae; mem. Copley Soc. of Boston, Women's Education Ass'n of Boston, Circolo Italiano, Bacon Soc. of London. Charter mem. College Club of Boston; mem. Twentieth Century Club.

BROWNELL, Eleanor Olivia, Misses Shipley's School, Bryn Mawr, Pa.

Assistant principal the Misses Shipley's School; b. N.Y. City, Jan. 25, 1876; dau. Silas B. and Sarah (Sheffield) Brownell; ed. Beverly School, N.Y. City; Bryn Mawr Coll., A.B. '97; grad. student Columbia Univ., 1897-98. State sec. N.Y. and N.J. Com. Y.W.C.A., 1905-07; head New School, Utica, N.Y., 1909-11; ass't principal the Misses Shipley's School, 1911-13. Mem. Bryn Mawr Club and Barnard Club (N.Y. City), College Club (Philadelphia). Presbyterian.

BROWNELL, Jane L. Bryn Mawr, Pa.

Educator; b. Brooklyn, N.Y., May 13, 1860, dau. Franklin Clinton and Mary Ballantine (Mather) Brownell; ed. Bryn Mawr Coll., A.B. '93, A.M. '94; fellow in political science, Bryn Mawr Coll., 1893-94. Teacher of mathematics, Bryn Mawr School, Baltimore, Md., 1894-1902; associate mistress, same school, 1897-1902; associate principal, Miss Florence Baldwin's School, Bryn Mawr, Pa., 1902-06; head of the Baldwin School, Bryn Mawr, Pa., since 1906. Director of Consumers' League of Eastern Pa. Author: The Significance of a Decreasing Birth-Rate (published 1894 in Annals of Acad. of Political and Social Science). Mem. Acad, of Political and Social Science, College Club, Philadelphia; Woman's University Club, N.Y. City; Merion Cricket Club, Haverford, Pa. Congregationalist. Favors woman suffrage; mem. College Equal Suffrage League of Philadelphia.

BROWNELL, Lucy Pearce, 8 Whitfield Court, Newport, R.I.

School teacher; b. Boston, Mass., July 27, 1871; dau. John R. and Rebecca Earl (Brownell) Brownell; ed. Girls' Latin School, Boston; Wellesley Coll., B.A., '94; student Yale Summer School, 1907. Since 1895 instructor in Rogers High School, Newport. Interested along literary, sociological and educational lines. Mem. and former cor. sec Newport Civic League. Pres. Current Topic Club, Newport. Active in Sunday-school work. Congregationalist. Mem. Ass'n of Collegiate Alumnae, College Settlement Ass'n, Consumers' League, New England Ass'n of Teachers of English, Art Ass'n of Newport, College Club of Boston, R.I. Wellesley Club.

BROWNING, Eliza Gordon, 1644 N. Delaware St., Indianapolis, Ind.

Librarian; b. Fortville, Ind.; dau. Woodville and Mary Anne (Brown) Browning; ed. in public and private schools. Librarian Indianapolis Public Library, 1892; twice pres. Indiana Library Ass'n; mem. Council of Am. Library Ass'n; newspaper and magazine writer. Mem. Y.W.C.A., D.A.R.; State chairman Com. of Welfare of Women and Children. Mem. Indiana Historical Soc, Art Ass'n, Woman's Franchise League. Club: Fortnightly Literary. Episcopalian. Democrat. Favors woman suffrage.

BROWNING, Elizabeth Sophia Bradley (Mrs. Philip Embury Browning), 23 Edgehill Road, New Haven, Conn.

Born New Haven, Conn., May 29, 1871; dau.


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Report of the Secretary-General's Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri Lanka/VII Conclusions

1. Nature and scope of the allegations
421. Both parties to the armed conflict in Sri Lanka conducted military operations with flagrant disregard for the protection, rights, welfare and lives of civilians and failed to respect the norms of international law. There is a reasonable basis to believe that large-scale violations of international humanitarian and human rights law were committed by both sides. As a direct consequence, up to tens of thousands of Sri Lankan civilians were killed and hundreds of thousands suffered immensely, including through the loss of loved ones, serious injuries, displacement and loss of homes and livelihoods. In the aftermath of the armed conflict, many were forced to endure further hardships and humiliation.

422. The credible allegations involving conduct by the Government of Sri Lanka fall into five core categories of potential serious violations of international humanitarian and human rights law:
 * (i) killing of civilians through widespread shelling;
 * (ii) shelling of hospitals and humanitarian objects;
 * (iii) denial of humanitarian assistance;
 * (iv) human rights violations suffered by victims and survivors of the conflict, including both internally displaced persons (IDPs) and suspected LTTE cadre; and
 * (v) human rights violations outside the conflict zone, including against the media and other critics of the Government.

The credible allegations involving conduct by the LTTE associated with the final stages of the war reveal six core categories of potential serious violations:
 * (i) using civilians as a human buffer;
 * (ii) killing civilians attempting to flee LTTE control;
 * (iii) using military equipment in the proximity of civilians;
 * (iv) forced recruitment of children;
 * (v) forced labour; and
 * (vi) killing of civilians through suicide attacks.

423. The Panel’s assessment of what happened during the final stages of the war, and therefore the political, legal and moral obligations that follow, stands in stark contrast to the position of the Government, which continues to hold that it conducted a “humanitarian rescue operation” with a policy of “zero civilian casualties” and, therefore, has no responsibility for any wrongdoing.

2. Legal evaluation of the allegations
424. If proven, these credible allegations on both sides would amount to serious violations of international humanitarian and human rights law; many would amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity. Criminal responsibility would extend to both individuals who commit acts and to military commanders and civilian superiors. The credible allegations also point to numerous crimes under Sri Lankan law.

425. Addressing violations of international humanitarian or human rights law is not a matter of choice or policy; it is a duty under domestic and international law. Under international humanitarian law that applies to internal armed conflict as well as international human rights law, the credible allegations trigger a legal duty of the Government to conduct immediate and genuine investigations and, if the evidence warrants, to prosecute those most responsible.

3. Asymmetrical warfare and protection of civilians
426. The Government of Sri Lanka has sought to promote its military strategy as a successful means of defeating terrorism and has suggested that the “asymmetrical” nature of the war rendered some codes of international humanitarian law inapplicable, or at least in need of review. During the conflict, the LTTE also suggested that it was beyond the reach of international humanitarian law. While recognizing a State’s right under international law to national security and to defend itself against armed attacks, the Panel emphasizes that all actions taken for those legitimate purposes must comply with the requirements of international law. The Panel firmly rejects the view that international humanitarian laws are inappropriate for certain forms of modern warfare, including those used in Sri Lanka. Indeed, discussion is needed to increase safeguards to protect civilians in situations of armed conflict.

427. In this regard, during the final stages of the war, the United Nations political organs and bodies failed to take actions that might have protected civilians. Moreover, although senior international officials advocated in public and in private with the Government that it protect civilians and stop the shelling of hospitals and United Nations or ICRC locations, in the Panel’s view, the public use of casualty figures would have strengthened the call for the protection of civilians while those events in the Vanni were unfolding.

4. Ongoing violations by the Government
428. Nearly two years after the end of the fighting, the root causes of the ethno-nationalist conflict between the Sinhalese and Tamil populations of Sri Lanka remain largely unaddressed and human rights violations continue. There are consistent reports of such activities, some committed by agents of the State or state-sponsored paramilitaries; these include arbitrary detention without trial, abductions and disappearances, killings, attacks on the media and other threatening conduct. In this context, victims and survivors of the armed conflict in the Vanni have been unable to return to a normal life. An end to this violence, and the climate of fear that accompanies it, is critical to the creation of an environment conducive to accountability. Sri Lanka’s poor record in relation to enforced disappearances over a period of decades, up to the present time, has drawn deep expressions of concern from international bodies and requires immediate and serious attention.

5. Accountability based on international standards
429. In line with international standards, accountability includes, but goes beyond the investigation and prosecution of serious crimes. It is a broad process for ascertaining the political, legal and moral responsibility of individuals and institutions for past violations of human rights and dignity. Accountability is integral to a larger dynamic aimed at building sustainable peace based on respect for all human rights and a restoration of full citizenship to all members of the society. Consistent with international standards and best practices, accountability necessarily includes the achievement of truth, justice and reparations for victims. Accountability also requires an official acknowledgement by the State of its role and responsibility in violating the rights of its citizens, when that has occurred. In keeping with United Nations policy, the Panel does not advocate a “one-size-fits-all” formula or the importation of foreign models for accountability; rather it recognizes the need for accountability processes to be defined based on national assessments, involving broad citizen participation, needs and aspirations. Nonetheless, any national process must still meet international standards.

430. In formulating its advice on accountability, the Panel has given priority to the rights and needs of the thousands of victims who have suffered at the hands of both parties in the protracted armed conflict in Sri Lanka. Women, children and the elderly usually bear the brunt of suffering and loss in wars, and Sri Lanka is no exception, particularly during the final stages.

6. The Government’s concept of accountability
431. The Government has stated that it is seeking to balance reconciliation and accountability, with an emphasis on restorative justice. The assertion of a choice between restorative and retributive justice presents a false dichotomy. Both are required. Moreover, in the Panel’s view, the Government’s notion of restorative justice is flawed because it substitutes a vague notion of the political responsibility of past Government policies and their failure to protect citizens from terrorism for genuine, victim-centred accountability focused on truth, justice and reparations.

432. The Sri Lankan Government’s approach to accountability does not envisage an examination of its decisions and conduct in prosecuting the final stages of the war or the aftermath, nor of the violations of international humanitarian and human rights law that may have occurred as a result. It does not envisage the identification of persons responsible for wrongdoing, nor that they be held to account. While the Government has acknowledged that excesses by military or police may have taken place and that a few cases are pending, it is not clear that any of these cases correspond to the serious allegations in this report, regarding Government conduct. Rather the Government is concentrating narrowly on the culpability of LTTE cadre, invoking rehabilitation for the majority and lenient sentences for the “hard core” as a model of “restorative justice”. Therefore, the Panel has concluded that the Government’s notion of accountability is not in accordance with international standards. Unless the Government addresses the allegations of violations committed by both sides and places the rights and dignity of the victims of the armed conflict at the centre of its approach to accountability, its measures will fall dramatically short of international expectations.

433. Helping people to rebuild their lives is not only a matter of providing material benefits, however necessary this may be, and certainly the Government needs to undertake a range of measures that address the immediate plight of those whose rights were and continue to be violated; it also requires the State to take genuine steps towards accountability.

7. Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission
434. The Government has established the Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission as the cornerstone of its policy to address the past, from the ceasefire agreement of 2002 to the end of the conflict in May 2009. The LLRC represents a potentially useful opportunity to begin a national dialogue on the legacy of Sri Lanka’s conflict; the need for such a dialogue is illustrated by the large numbers of people, particularly victims, who have sought spontaneously to speak with the Commission.

435. Nonetheless, the LLRC fails to satisfy key international standards of independence and impartiality, compromised by the composition of the Commission and deep-seated conflicts of interests of some of its members. The mandate of the LLRC, as well as its work and methodology, to date, are not tailored to investigating allegations of serious violations of international humanitarian and human rights law, or to examining the root causes of the decades-long ethnic conflict; instead these focus strongly on the wider notion of political responsibility mentioned above, which forms part of the flawed and partial concept of accountability put forth by the Government. The work to date demonstrates that the LLRC has:
 * not conducted genuine truth-seeking on what happened in the final stages of the armed conflict;
 * not sought to investigate systematically and impartially the allegations of serious violations on both sides of the war;
 * not employed an approach that treats victims with full respect for their dignity and their suffering;
 * and not provided the necessary protection for witnesses, even in circumstances of actual personal risk.

436. Moreover, for three decades numerous commissions of inquiry have been established to examine a number of serious human rights issues. While some have served important factfinding goals, overwhelmingly these commissions have failed to result in comprehensive accountability for the violations identified. Many commissions have failed to produce a public report and recommendations have rarely been implemented.

437. The LLRC has provided an opportunity for Sri Lankans to air some of their concerns and, taken together, its interim and forthcoming final recommendations may result in improvements in the living conditions of some of those affected by the armed conflict. However, the LLRC is deeply flawed, does not meet international standards for an effective accountability mechanism and, therefore, does not and cannot satisfy the joint commitment of the President of Sri Lanka and the Secretary-General to an accountability process. A new approach is required, both to ensure genuine investigations of specific allegations of violations by the LTTE and the Government, and to undertake a broad examination of the past, with a focus on the root causes of the conflict.

8. The Sri Lankan justice system and Human Rights Commission
438. The justice system should play a leading role in the pursuit of accountability, irrespective of the functioning or outcomes of the LLRC. However, based on a review of the system’s past performance and current structure, the Panel has little confidence that it will serve justice in the existing political environment. The Attorney-General holds a central position within the criminal justice system, controlling both investigations and prosecution, but the independence of the Attorney-General has been weakened in recent years. Investigations and prosecutions have frequently been arbitrary and slow, and criminal inquiries have been used to harass and intimidate many critics and victims of the Government’s actions. At present, the criminal justice system is ineffective in combating a culture of impunity. This is due much more to a lack of political will than to lack of capacity. Sri Lanka has a well-established legal infrastructure and educated professionals who are capable of upholding justice, but this requires an enabling environment that is currently lacking. The continuing imposition of Emergency Regulations combined with the Prevention of Terrorism Act in its current form, present significant immediate obstacles for the justice system to be able to address wrongdoing while upholding human rights guarantees.

439. Equally, the Panel has seen no evidence that the military courts system has operated as an effective accountability mechanism in respect of the credible allegations it has identified or other crimes committed in the final stages of the war.

440. The Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka could potentially contribute to advancing accountability, but the Panel still has serious reservations and believes that the Commission will need to demonstrate political will and resourcefulness in following up on cases of missing persons and in monitoring the welfare of detained persons.

9. The way forward
441. Sri Lanka’s efforts, nearly two years after the end of the war, fall dramatically short of international standards on accountability and fail to satisfy either the joint commitment of the President of Sri Lanka and the Secretary-General, or Sri Lanka’s legal duties. The Government of Sri Lanka has not discharged its responsibilities to conduct a genuine investigation, nor has it shown signs of an intention to do so. In such situations, as aptly stated in the Report of the Secretary-General on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, “[I]t is imperative that international steps to ensure accountability not be held hostage to unnecessarily slow or otherwise ineffective national efforts.” Thus, while the Sri Lankan authorities should immediately embark on a genuine investigation of the alleged violations in this report, the Panel considers that an independent and complementary international approach is imperative.

442. The Government’s current approach to accountability does not correspond to basic international standards that emphasize truth, justice and reparations for victims. Moreover, following its defeat of the LTTE, the Government’s ongoing denial that immense harm was done to its citizens, including the death of tens of thousands, not only by the LTTE, but also by its own armed forces, presents a fundamental obstacle to accountability. An enabling environment that would permit a candid appraisal of the broad patterns of the past, including the root causes of the long-running ethno-nationalist conflict, does not exist at present. It would require concrete steps towards building an open society in which human rights are respected, as well as a fundamental shift away from the Government’s triumphalist posture, towards a genuine commitment to a political solution that recognizes Sri Lanka’s ethnic diversity and the full and inclusive citizenship of all of its people, as the foundation for the country’s future.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Rh F. Stanley and Mary Louisa (Hall) Bradley; ed. schools of New Haven and Vassar Coll., B.A. (Phi Beta Kappa) '93; m. New Haven, Conn., Dec. 12, 1899, Philip Embury Browning (ass't prof. chemistry, Yale Univ.). Before marriage engaged as teacher in schools of New Haven, Conn., 1894-99. Cor. sec. New Haven Y.W.C.A.; cor. sec. New Haven Branch Woman's Board of Missions. Congregationalist. Mem. Ass'n Collegiate Alumnae, New Haven Lawn Club, Women's University Club of N.Y.

BROWNING, Sarah Perry, 29 Otis St., Norwich, Conn.

Christian Science practitioner; grad. Smith Coll., B.A. '85; student of art at Adelphi Acad., Brooklyn, N.Y., 1885-86. Resident director, Roxbury House Settlement, Roxbury, Mass., 1900-06; Christian Science practitioner since 1907.

BROWNSCOMBE, Jennie Augusta, 96 Fifth Av., N.Y. City.

Artist; b. Honesdale, Pa.; dau. William and Elvira (Kennedy) Brownscombe; ed. high school, Honesdale, Pa.; studied art at Cooper Union and N.Y. School of Design for Women (received trustees' silver medal); at Nat. Acad., N.Y., received silver medals in antique and life schools; studied in Paris for one year with Henry Mosler. While a student of art made drawings for illustrated periodicals, Harper's and others. Three years later was exhibiting; four years later, went abroad. After return, pictures began to be reproduced in etching, engraving, photograving. Has exhibited in the Salon of Rome, and in the Royal Acad. of London. From time to time has exhibited in the Nat. Acad. and Water Color Soc. exhibitions in N.Y.; also in Philadelphia, Chicago and Western cities. Mem. Nat. Arts Club, Municipal Art Soc. and Scenic and Historic Preservation Soc.

BROWNSON, Mary Wilson, Pennsylvania College for Women, Pittsburgh; residence, Washington, Pa.

College professor; b. Washington, Pa.; dau. Rev. James Irwin (D.D., LL.D.) and Eleanor McCullough (Acheson) Irwin; ed. Washington (Pa.) Sem.; Pa. Coll. for Women, Pittsburgh, A.B. '94; Washington and Jefferson Coll., hon. A.M. '05; student in Univs. of Chicago, Wisconsin and Oxford, England. Mem. faculty of Pa. Coll. for Women, Pittsburgh, since 1886, holding chair of mathematics until 1899; since 1898 professor of Biblical literature, and since 1904 also professor modern European history in same college. Lecturer on historical subjects. Author: The Old Testament Story (four vols.); His Sister. Presbyterian. Mem. Am. Historical Ass'n, College Club of Pittsburgh.

BRUCE, Ada Bromilow (Mrs. J. A. Bruce), 699 Broadway, Everett, Mass,

Artist; b. Stayner, Canada, Nov. 28, 1881; dau. Edward and Ada J. (Butler) Lake; ed. Chicago schools; grad. Chicago Art Institute; spent a year in London and Paris; m. Boston, Mass., 1906, Dr. J. A. Bruce; one daughter: Ada Josephine Bruce. Received recognition by honorable mention several times during course. Mem. Friday Club of Everett, Mass., Art Students' League. Mem. Church of England.

BRUCE, Grace Adelle, 128 W. Eleventh St., N.Y. City.

Teacher; grad. Smith Coll., B.A. '91; student chemistry, Smith Coll., 1891-94; pedagogy, Columbia Univ., 1902-03; mathematics, Cornell Summer School, 1903. Ass't in chemistry, Smith Coll., 1891-94; teacher of mathematics, Chelsea (Mass.) High School, 1894-98; head mathematics dep't of same since 1898. Mem. Smith College Alumnae Ass'n (vice-pres.), Ass'n of Collegiate Alumnae.

BRUCHON, Gertrude Jones (Mrs. Ernest Charles Bruchon), 18 E. Park St., Newark, N.J.

Born Newark, N.J.; dau. Phineas Jones (Congressman) and Laura (Hamblet) Jones; ed. private schools; Wellesley Coll., B.A. '95, and in Art Students' League, N.Y. City; m. London, Eng., Ernest Charles Bruchon, native of Zurich, Switzerland; one daughter: Ernestine. Interested in club work; at one time pres. Fortnightly Club of East Orange, N.J. Mem. Newark Charitable Soc., Woman's University Club (N.Y. City). Presbyterian. Republican. Against woman suffrage.

BRUENING, Bertha M., Chemical Building, St. Louis, Mo.

Cashier Connecticut Mutual Life Ins. Co.; b. Louisville, Ky., Sept. 4, 1882; dau. Joseph and Katharine (Jeck) Bruening; ed. private schools in Louisville, Ky., and St. Louis, Mo.; Benton Coll., St. Louis, and St. Louis Univ., LL.B. '11. Interested in social movements for the betterment of conditions of women who are employed; now engaged in forming the Catholic Women's Club of St. Louis. Active in temperance movement among women; officer in Ladies' Auxiliary to the Knights of Father Mathew. Roman Catholic. Recreations: Athletics, amateur photography, historical reading. Mem. Women's Bar Ass'n of Missouri; first woman to receive a diploma from St. Louis Univ. Studied stenography at night, later took up the study of law in the evenings and was admitted to practice in both State courts of Missouri and U.S. courts in 1911. Does not favor woman suffrage.

BRUÈRE, Martha Bensley (Mrs. Robert W. Bruère), 206½ West Thirteenth St., N.Y. City.

Writer; b. Chicago, Ill.; dau. John R. and Augusta (Fuller) Bensley; ed. Vassar Coll., Art Inst. of Chicago, Univ. of Chicago; m. Olean, N.Y., Oct. 28, 1907, Robert W. Bruère. Mem. Socialist Party; Woman's Trade Union League. Author: Experiences of a Nursery Governess; The Workingman's Wife; Tales of Miranda; Home Efficiency (Co-author with Robert W. Bruère). Favors woman suffrage; mem. 25th Assembly District Woman's Suffrage Party, N.Y. City. Mem. Writers' Club, A Club, Socialist Press Club.

BRUMBAUGH, Catherine Elliott (Mrs. Catherine Elliott Brumbaugh), 905 Massachusetts Av., N.N., Washington, D.C.

Born Mansfield, Pa., June 15, 1868; dau. Dr. Charles W. and Mary Eleanor (Elliott) Brown; ed. Woman's Coll. and St. Ursula at Elmira, N.Y.; m. Elmira, Oct. 1, 1889, Dr. Gaius Marcus Brumbaugh; children: Charles Andrew, Marcus Morton (deceased), Elliott Frank. Registrar General Nat. Soc. D.A.R. Chaplain General Nat. Soc. D.A.R. Methodist. Mem. Woman's Home Missionary Soc, Daughters of 1812, Daughters of Founders and Patriots of Am., Mayflower Descendants, Livingston Manor Chapter D.A.R. Clubs: Wheel Club (connected with Crittenden rescue work), Woman's League of Nat. George, Jr., Republic, Abracadabra Club.

BRUNCKHORST, Marie (Mrs. Frank Brunckhorst), Kewaunee, Wis.

Librarian of free public library; b. Menasha, Wis., July 7, 1853; dau. John and Franziska (Sturn) Metzner; ed. public school, Kewaunee, Wis.; m. Kewaunee, Wis., Oct., 1872, Frank Brunckhorst; children: Esther F., Louis A., Lucy A., Frank O. Interested in New Thought movement and drugless healing, and identified in various social and philanthropic activities. Favors woman suffrage. Republican. Recreations: Theatres, concerts and auto trips frequently. Pres. Woman's Shakespeare Club of Kewaunee.

BRUNDAGE, Olive Mann (Mrs. Frank H. Brundage), 310 Elm St., Northampton, Mass.

Born Florence, Mass., Oct. 20, 1876; dau. Thomas S. and Eliza Ann (Martin) Mann; grad. Northampton High School in 1896; Smith Coll., B.A. 1900; N.Y. State Library School, B.L.S. '02; m. Florence, Mass., Aug. 25, 1908, Frank Homer Brundage; children: Laura Ashley Brundage, b. Oct. 8, 1909; Elizabeth Louise Brundage, b. Dec. 7, 1911. Cataloguer in the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., 1902-05; resigned because of poor health; cataloguer in Columbia Univ. Library, Nov.-June, 1908. Unitarian. Mem. Smith Coll. Alumnae Ass'n, Home Progress Soc. Favors woman suffrage. Recreations: Walking, tennis, boating, etc.

BRUNER, Elizabeth Cutting Cooley (Mrs. James D.Bruner), Murfreesboro, N.C.

Teacher; b. Stevens Point, Wis.; dau. Dr. D.


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140 H. and Ann Frances (Brown) Cooley; ed. Old Univ. of Chicago, A.B. '83; Univ. of Chicago, '96; student Univ. of Leipzig, 1891-92; m. 1894, James Dowden Bruner; children: James Willis, Arthur Cutting, Lee Moulton (deceased). Teacher in high school, Chicago; lady principal, Moulton Ladies' Coll., Toronto; ass't prof, of German Univ. of Ill.; lady principal of Chowan Coll., Murfreesboro, N.C., and teacher of English and German. Interested in religious and educational work in N.C. Baptist. Mem. Phi Beta Kappa (Univ. of Chicago).

BRYAN, Ella Howard, Dillon, Dade Co., Ga.

Author; dau. Major Henry and Janett (Howard) Bryan; ed. at home. Author: The Veil; novelettes, short stories and verse of hers has been published in nearly every leading magazine from the Century to the Youth's Companion; those printing her verse rarely took her prose, and vice versa; completed novel in Lippincott (Feb. 1912). Episcopalian. Recreations: Riding horseback, hunting, walking, etc.

BRYAN, Frances Wickham, Kinloch, P.O. St. Louis Co., Mo.

Born St. Louis, April 7, 1890; dau. Francis T. and Fanny (Wickham) Bryan; grad. Mary Inst., 1908. Interested in religious, social and philanthropic activities. Episcopalian. Recreations: Riding, tennis, dancing.

BRYAN, Mary Baird (Mrs. William Jennings Bryan), Fairview, Lincoln, Neb.

Born Perry, Ill., June 17, 1861; dau. John and Lovina (Dexter) Baird; grad. Presbyterian School for Young Ladies, Jacksonville, Ill., with first honor, class of '81; special work in Illinois College and later in the University of Nebraska; m. Perry, Ill., October 1, 1884, William Jennings Bryan; children: Ruth Baird, William Jennings Jr., Grace Dexter. Studied law and was admitted to practice in District and Supreme courts, 1887, in order to be more companionable to Mr. Bryan, then engaged in practice of law, but shortly after he entered politics and she did not pursue the subject further. Interested in religious and charitable work; contributes to City Mission, Salvation Army, Volunteers of America, Y.W.C.A., etc.; family are educating eight children in different countries of the Orient. Makes three or four addresses each year in the small churches which need help. In early days contributed to magazines, but became too busy to continue the work. Presbyterian. Democrat. Recreations: Reading, fine plays and the opera. Mem. Sorosis Club of Lincoln (which she founded in 1890), Fortnightly and Woman's Clubs of Lincoln. Father's family (Scotch-Irish) settled in Pa., 1628; mother of English descent. Family founded in America by Sir Gregory Dexter, who was sent to England to secure a charter for Colony of Rhode Island.

BRYAN, Mary Elizabeth (Mrs. Jesse Averitt Bryan), 1619 La Branch St., Houston, Tex.

Journalist; b. Bowling Green, Tenn., 1846; dau. William and Susan A. (Bartee) Phillips; ed. Clarksville (Tenn.) Female Acad.; m. June 12, 1866, Jesse Averitt Bryan (son of Henry Hunter and Mary F. Tyler Bryan); children: Jesse Averitt Jr., William Phillips, Henry Hunter, John Duke Tyler. Special correspondent of big daily newspapers of Texas from Colorado, New Mexico, California and various other States and in the Republic of Mexico. Dep't editor of Galveston Daily News, the Houston Daily Post and the Houston Daily Chronicle. Treas. Ladies' Parish Ass'n of Christ Church (Houston); served three years as recording sec. of Texas Woman's Press Ass'n. Pres. Houston Pen Women's Club; honorary mem. Current Literature Club, Ladies' Reading Club, Woman's Club; served two years as vice-pres. City Fed. of Women's Clubs and mem. Exec. Board; vice-pres. Faith Home Ass'n, a benevolent work for children; mem. Directory Board of Social Service Fed. Pres. Robert E. Lee Chapter United Daughters of Confederacy; served two years as vice-pres. of Gen. Ass'n of United Daughters of Confederacy; mem. State Historical Soc. Favors woman suffrage. Author of biographical work and special feature articles for leading newspapers of the State. Episcopalian. Democrat. Recreations: Music, travel. Mem. Houston Civic Club (charter mem.), Woman's Protective Ass'n.

BRYAN, R. Marion, Ashley Av., Charleston, S.C.

Born Charleston, S.C.; dau. Judge George P. and R. (Dwight) Bryan. Has done literary work for magazines, newspapers, etc. Wrote darkey sketch, entitled: Aunt Caline with White Woman's Burden. Episcopalian. Mem. King's Daughters; active in Sunday-school work, settlement work, etc. Mem. Century Club of Charleston, a literary and social club. Strongly against woman suffrage.

'''BRYANT. Anna Groff,''' 523 Fine Arts Building, Chicago, Ill.

Vocal teacher; b. Milwaukee, Wis.; dau. Michael and Anna (Kirch) Groff; ed. Downer Coll., Milwaukee, Wis; grad. Northwestern Univ. Acad., Evanston, Ill., '88; m. Aurora, Ill., 1897, Chauncy Earle Bryant. Founder the Anna Groff Bryant Inst. of the New Am. School of Vocal Art, Chicago, 1903. Publisher and editor of magazine known as The Institute, devoted to advancement and uplift of vocal art, science, education and research work, and contributor to Musical America, Musical Leader, Music News. High School Life, Fine Arts Journal and other educational magazines. Independent. Active mem. of Ill. Woman's Press Club and Chicago Amateur Musical Club; permanent asso. mem. Mendelssohn Club.

BRYANT, Anna M. Dorr (Mrs. W. H. H. Bryant), 425 Lebanon St., Melrose, Mass.

Physician; b. Hassa Damstadt, Germany; dau. Valentine and Elizabeth (Lutz) Dorr; ed. public schools, N.Y. State, and private teachers; Women's Med. Coll. of N.Y.; Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, Boston, '83; Tufts Coll. Med. School, '95 (mem. Alpha Delta); m. Jackson, N.H., Aug. 4, 1887, W. H. H. Bryant; one daughter: Frances Dorr Bryant, b. Mar. 8, 1894. Pres. New England Helping Hand Soc.; State Sup't of Purity, Mass. W.C.T.U. Mem. Board of Managers Women's Home and Foreign Missionary Soc; mem. Anti-Imperial League of Mass. Am. Peace Societies. Favors woman suffrage; mem. Mass. Equal Suffrage Ass'n. Methodist.

BRYANT, Dorothy Wilberforce Lyon (Mrs. Emmons Bryant), Castleton-on-the-Hudson, N.Y.

Born Erie, Pa., Oct., 1868; dau. William Wilberforce and Marie Louise (Derickson) Lyon; grad Wells Coll., A.B. '87; Bryn Mawr, Ph.D. '96; m. Elizabeth, N.J., June 21, 1900, Emmons Bryant; children: Katherine Lyon, Emmons Jr. Active in guild work in Episcopal Church, Woman's Exchange Work and Library Club. Recreations: Out-door sports, reading, auction bridge. Episcopalian. Favors woman suffrage.

BRYANT, Lorinda Munson (Mrs. L. M. Bryant), 29 Spencer Av., Somerville, Mass.

Born Granville, O., March 21, 1855; dau. Marvin Morgan and Emma S. (Culbertson) Munson; ed. Granville Female Coll., B.S. '74; Chicago Sch. of Phar., Ph.G., '88; course in science at Cornell, 1888-89; m. Granville, O., 1875, Charles Webster Bryant (died 1886); children: Fitch Culbertson, Miriam Joanna (deceased). Head of Science Dep't at Ogontz School, Pa., 1890-99; principal of her own private school, Montrose School, South Orange, N.J., 1899-1905. Lecturer. Active in advocacy of better pictures in the homes and Sunday schools, also interested in Y.W.C.A., Univ. Settlement Work and factory girls. Author: Pictures and Their Painters; What Pictures to See in Europe in One Summer; Famous Pictures of Real Girls and Boys; The Life of the Bible as a Book.

BRYANT, Louise Stevens, College Hall, Room 8 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.

Born Paris, France, Sept. 19, 1885; dau. Edwin and Miriam Collins (Nicholson) Stevens; ed. N.Y. public schools; Normal Coll., N.Y. City; Smith Coll., A.B. '08; candidate for Ph.D. in Univ. of Pa., dep't of physiology. Assistant in physiology, Am. Museum of Natural History, 1908-09; special agent child hygiene dep't, Russell Sage Foundation, N.Y. City, 1909-11; in charge social service dep't of Psychological Clinic, Univ. of Pa.,


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Rh work spring 1911; instructor, Summer School of Psychology. Interested in general social service movement, public schools, Socialist Party, Eugenics movement. Favors woman suffrage; mem. Woman's Trade Union League, Woman's Political Union, Socialist Party, Intercollegiate Socialist Soc (sec. N.Y. Alumni Chapter for two years). Has written a book on School Feeding—Its Organization and Practice at Home and Abroad, 1912, and magazine articles on various problems of Child Hygiene, School Feeding and Eugenics. Mem. Alumnse Ass'n of Smith Coll., Public Education Ass'n of Philadelphia, Home Economics Ass'n of America, Biological Soc. of Smith Coll. (alumnae); mem. exec. com. of Philadelphia School Lunch Com., and sec. of National School Lunch Com. Recreations: Walking, swimming, tennis, canoeing, camping, reading. Mem. Social Workers' Club of Philadelphia.

BRYANT, Martha Lyman (Mrs. William Schier Bryant), Cohasset, Mass.

Born Philadelphia, Pa., May 17, 1860; dau. James Sitgreaves and Mary Fullerton (Hazard) Cox; grad. Smith Coll., B.A. '84 (mem. Alpha Soc; m. Sept. 1, 1887, Dr. William Schier Bryant; children: Mary Cleveland, Elizabeth Schier, Alice de Vermandois, Julia Cox, Gladys, William Schier Jr (died July, 1912). Interested in Sunday-school work. Favors woman suffrage. Episcopalian. Mem. Intercollegiate Socialist Soc, Cohasset Social Service, Colonial Dames of America. Mem. Ardnamurchan Club.

BRYANT, Sara Cone — see Borst, Sara Cone Bryant.

BRYANT, Shirley E. MacManus (Mrs. Frederick S. Bryant), 433 Portland Av., St. Paul, Minn.

Born St. Paul, Minn., Dec. 17, 1868; dau. Thomas Saville and Ida Amelia (Burgess) MacManus; m. St. Paul, Minn., June 28, 1888, Frederick Stewart Bryant; children: Stewart Frederick (midshipsman, U.S. Navy), Gordon Spencer, Kathryn Shirley. Episcopalian. Against woman suffrage.

BRYDEN, Lucy Annette, 1114 Madison Av., Baltimore, Md.

Graduate nurse; b. Stoughton, Mass., Nov. 12, 1875; dau. Ewen and Lucy A. (Gay) Bryden; ed. Howard Sem., West Bridgewater, Mass.; Wellesley Coll., B.A. '98; Johns Hopkins Hospital, graduating as nurse.

BUCHANAN, Anna F. (Mrs. Charles J. Buchanan), 3017 Talbott Av., Indianapolis, Ind.

Born in Missouri, April 12, 1858; dau. Henry Beeson and Orpha A. (Tyler) Flanner; ed. in high school; m. Indianapolis, Sept. 3, 1884, Charles J. Buchanan; children: Albert F., Paul H. Pres. Y.W.C.A. Teacher of two neighborhood Bible classes; treas. State Congregational Benevolent Soc; pres. of Foreign Missionary Soc of First Congregational Church. Favors woman suffrage. Congregationalist. Mem. Art Ass'n, Old Ladies' Home. Clubs: Research (federated), Social Service.

BUCHANAN, Helen Davis, 2101 W. Adams St., Chicago, Ill.

Child welfare worker; b. Joliet, Ill., Nov. 13, 1890; dau. William Penn and Rebecca (Dryer) Buchanan (father second cousin of Pres. James Buchanan; mother descendant of Christopher Greene, who came over in the Mayflower, and was also ancestor of Gen. Nathaniel Greene of Revolutionary fame); ed. Lewis Inst. and Chicago Univ. Interested in the child welfare work in the Chicago commons settlement, as pres. of the Matheon Club, which supports the Matheon Day Nursery located there. Baptist. Republican (Progressive). Mem. Matheon Children's Beneut League, Juvenile Protection League, Drama League. Favors woman suffrage.

BUCHANAN, Isabella Reid (Mrs. John C. Buchanan), 2218 Fourth Av., S., Minneapolis, Minn.

Bible and parliamentary law teacher; b. Lomira, Wis., Oct. 9, 1857; dau. William and Margaret (Grant) Reid; grad. Fond du Lac (Wis.) High School, 1873, and self-taught through European travel, Women's Study Clubs and Univ. extension lectures; grad. Internat. Sunday-School Ass'n, Bible courses; m. Fond du Lac, Wis., Oct. 9, 1882, John C. Buchanan; one daughter: Margaret Reid (adopted). Teacher of Bible-study courses for Y.W.C.A., and Interdenominational Summer School of Missions, Interdenominational Sunday-school classes, Normal Institutes for Sunday-school sup'ts, heads of dep'ts and Normal teachers; courses in parliamentary law for women's clubs. Favors woman suffrage. Congregationalist. Mem. Y.W.C.A.; charter mem. and pres. of Lewis Parliamentary Law Ass'n of Minneapolis; life mem. Congregational Missionary Soc; hon. mem. Woman's Auxiliary Homoeopathic Medical Ass'n of Minn. Charter mem. and honorary pres. Tourist Club, Minneapolis; founder and honorary mem. Travelers' Club; founder and honorary mem. of the Ramblers' Club; charter mem. Pioneers of Minnesota Fed. of Women's Clubs.

BUCHWALTER, Mary Knox, 3315 Reading Road, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Principal private school; b. Clinton, N.Y., Nov. 24, 1862; dau. Charles Eugene Knox, D.D., and Sarah (Fake) Knox; ed. Burnham School, Northampton, Mass., Smith Coll., A.B. '85 (mem. Alpha Soc); m. Cincinnati, July 22, 1909, Morris Lyon Buckwalter. Teacher in N.Y. City, 1888-'96; registrar Smith Coll., 1896-1901, Barnard Coll., N.Y., 1901-04; prin. Knox School for Girls, Lakewood, N.J., 1904-09. Mem. Board of Cincinnati Kindergarten Training School; mem. Board of Cincinnati Woman's Club. Presbyterian. Mem. MacDowell Club and Women's Univ. Club (N.Y. City), Cincinnati Woman's Club and College Club, Cincinnati.

BUCK, Florence, 25 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.

Minister; b. Kalamazoo, Mich., July 19, 1860; dau. Samuel Pierce and Lucy (Reasoner) Buck; ed. Baptist Coll., Kalamazoo; Meadville (Pa.) Theological School; one year post-grad, work in Manchester Coll. and Oxford Univ., England, in 1892-93. Minister associate with Rev. Marion Murdoch in Unity Church, Cleveland, Ohio, 1893-99 (in Europe 1899-1900); minister, Kenosha, Wis., 1901-10, during which ministry the congregation built a $60,000 church; minister Alameda, Cal., Jan. 1, 1911, to Sept. 8, 1912; now associate sec of Religious Education Dep't of Am. Unitarian Ass'n, Boston, and editor of the Beacon (paper for children). Specially interested in philanthropic work as part of professional activity. Helped establish public playgrounds, associated charity work, etc Favors woman suffrage; was voter in Cal., where helped, as speaker, to secure suffrage; mem. State board and local board of Cal. Civic League. Unitarian. Lecturer for women's clubs in Chicago and Wisconsin.

BUCK, Gertrude, Vassar Coll., Poughkeepsie, N.Y.

Prof. English, Vassar Coll.; b. Kalamazoo, Mich., July 14, 1871; dau. George Machan and Anna (Bradford) Buck; ed. Univ. of Mich., B.S. '94; M.S. '95; Ph.D. '98 (mem. Alpha Phi). Fellow in English Univ. of Chicago, 1895; ass't in English, 1896; instructor Vassar Coll., 1897-1901; asso. prof., 1901-07; prof. English Vassar Coll. since 1907. Mem. D.A.R. and Socialist Party of N.Y. State. Author: Organic Education, 1899 (with Miss H. M. Scott); A Course in Expository Writing (with E. Woodbridge); A Course in Argumentation Writing; The Metaphor—A Study in the Psychology of Rhetoric; A Brief English Grammar (with Prof. F. N. Scott); Ruskin's Sesame and Lilies (in Longman's English Classics Series); A Course in Narrative Writing (with E. W. Morris). Episcopalian. Mem. the English Ass'n, Modern Language Ass'n of Am., Nat. Council of Teachers of English.

BUCK, Lillie West (Mrs. Franklin Howard Buck), The Roost, 265 Crescent Av., Norwood Park, Ill.

Critic of music, drama, art (pen-name "Amy Leslie"); b. Burlington, Ia.; dau. Albert and Kate Content (Webb) West; ed. St. Mary's Acad., Notre Dame, Ind., valedictorian class of 1874, gold medal academic course. Gold medal, Conservatory; vocal music, diploma (special); m. Chicago, 1884, Harry Brown (comedian); 1901, Franklin Howard Buck; one son: Francis


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142 Albert Brown (deceased). Went on stage in 1880; created ro1es in Audran, Planchette and Offenbach opera bouffe; success in N.Y. Fifth Av. Theatre as Fiametta in Mascot, in Olivette and leading soprano roles. Retired from stage upon death of only son, 1889. Made successful debut as dramatic critic of Chicago Daily News, 1889, and still holding that position at one of highest salaries ever paid a critic. Author (under pen-name "Amy Leslie): Pamphlet on Sensational Dress in Public; Amy Leslie at the Fair (exhaustive story of Columbian Exposition in Chicago, 1903); Book of European Travels; Some Players (book of personal reminiscences of celebrated actors). Has traveled all over the world. Recreations: Hunting, nature.

BUCKBEE, Anna, Lawrenceville, Pa.

Teacher; b. Walton, N.Y., June 1855; dau. John and Hannah (Beers) Buckbee; ed. Walton (N.Y.) High School., Mansfield (Pa.) State Normal School, grad. '77. Taught in public schools until 1881. County sup't schools Potter Co., Pa., 1881-87. Principal Teachers' Training School, Harrisburg, Pa., 1889-92. Taught in Cuba, 1892-93; State Normal School, California, Pa., since 1895 (Dep't of Pedagogy and History). Active in civic improvement work for bettering the condition of foreigners in the Pittsburgh district. Delegate International Child Study Congress, Liege, Belgium, 1905. Author: The Fourth School Year, Chicago, 1904; Our Country and Its People, 1911; Europe and Its People, 1912 (both in collaboration with Prof. W. S. Monroe). Contributor to educational journals; lecturer at teachers' institutes and educational meetings since 1884. Popular lecturer on Cuba and the Cubans. Methodist. Mem. Am. Historical Ass'n, Washington Co. (Pa.) Historical Ass'n, Western Pa. Historical Ass'n. Recreation: Taking parties to Europe to observe life in villages. Mem. California (Pa.) Century Club.

BUCKBEE, Jennie Palmer (Mrs. Francis A. Buckbee), Lake Geneva, Wis.

Born Dresden (at Crooked Lake), N.Y., April 11, 1833; dau. Dr. A. S. and Jane N. (Sears) Palmer; ed. schools Dundee, Yates Co., N.Y.; later high school, Lake Geneva, Wis.; Rockford (Ill.) Coll., one of seven graduating in the first class ever graduated from college, 1854; m. Lake Geneva, Wis., 1864, Francis A. Buokbee, who was native of Chili, N.Y. Husband and father both members of State Legislature; father once candidate for lieut. governor of Wis. Mem. Collegiate Alumnae Ass'n of both Ill. and Wis.; one of organizers of Lake Geneva Library Ass'n; mem. various church societies. Wrote for Frank Leslie's publications, Rural New Yorker, Godey's Ladies' Book, Tribune (Chicago), Rockford College Magazine, Florida papers, official papers, Madison, Wis., and always for local papers. Congregationalist. Mem. Public Library Ass'n, local Chautauqua Ass'n, Rockford Coll. Ass'n, etc. Recreations: Travel, reading, writing and various society functions. Favors woman suffrage.

BUCKINGHAM, Naomi Jennette Carpenter (Mrs. Henry Hine Buckingham), Hysham, Rosebud Co., Montana.

Born East Lansing, Mich., Jan., 1879; dau. Rolla Clinton and Marion (Dewey) Carpenter; ed. Ithaca (N.Y.) High School; Elmira Coll.; Cornell Univ. (mem. Delta Gamma); m. Ithaca, N.Y., July, 1907, Henry Hine Buckingham; children: Margaret Carpenter, Catherine (deceased), Dorothy, Grace Carpenter. Favors woman suffrage. Protestant Episcopal. Mem. D.A.R.

BUCKINGHAM, Nellie B. Hibbard (Mrs. John Buckingham), The Moraine, Highland Park, Ill.

Born Chicago, 1860; dau. William Gold and Lydia Beekman (Van Shaack) Hubbard; ed. Prof. H. H. Babcock's School, Chicago; m. Chicago, John Buckingham; children: Ethel, Lillian, Alice Morrison, Hannah. Pres. of Chicago Public School Art Soc. Episcopalian. Mem. Fortnightly Club, Colonial Dames, Chicago Woman's Club.

BUCKLEY, Charlotte Carter (Mrs. Edward Swift Buckley Jr.), 2039 Samson St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Born Philadelphia, Dec. 29, 1858; dau. Charles Carter, M.D., and Ellen (Newman) Carter; ed. Mrs. Arthur Howell's School, Philadelphia; m. St. Mark's Church, Philadelphia, June 7, 1883, Edward Swift Buckley Jr.; one son: Edward Swift Buckley 3d. Mem. of sundry church societies. Episcopalian. Against woman suffrage.

BUCKLEY, May, St. Marc's Building, 2 W. Thirty-ninth St., N.Y. City.

Actress; b. San Francisco; dau. Ernest and Marie (Featherston) Uhl; ed. in convents of the U.S. during summer months. Made first appearance on stage at the age of six, being placed on stage by Dion Boucicault, who gave her name of "May Buckley." Has been mem. of companies: First Born; John Drew; Annie Russell; James O'Neill; Shepherd King; Raymond Hitchcock and others. Catholic. Mem. Professional Woman's League, Actor's Soc. Recreation: Reading.

BUCKSTAFF, Florence Tyng Griswold (Mm. George Angus Buckstaff), Oshkosh, Wis.

Born Columbus, Wis.; dau. Eugene Sherwood and Hattie (Tyng) Griswold; grad. Univ. of Wis., A.B. '86 (first honors); A.M. '02 (mem. Kappa Kappa Gamma); m. May 8, 1888, George Angus Buckstaff; children: Angus Griswold, Sherwood. Pres. Oshkosh Consumers' League. Regent Univ. of Wis. since 1907; director Asso. Charities, Visiting Nurse Com.; mem. Wis. Anti-Tuberculosis and Audubon Socs. Congregationalist. Recreations: Music, yachting, motoring, whist. Mem. Oshkosh Twentieth Century Club, Political Equality League. Occasional contributor to Annals of American History and to newspapers on question of the day; addresses before clubs, churches and university gatherings.

BUDDENHAGEN, Emerense Walters (Mrs. Louis Buddenhagen), Neillsville, Wis.

Teacher, writer; b. Neillsville, Wis., Dec. 8, 1875; dau. John R. and Catherine E. (Cushing) Walters; grad. Neillsville High School, with additional work in Oshkosh Normal and Univ. of Wis.; m. Minneapolis, Minn., June 17, 1908, Louis Buddenhagen. Teacher in public schools of Chippewa Falls, Wis., 1895-96; Wausau, Wis., 1901-02; Minneapolis, 1903-04; Neillsville, 1904-08; sup't of schools for Clark Co., Wis., 1897-1901; now director of physical training in Neillsville schools; sup't W.C.T.U. physical education dep't, 1911; interested in literature, music and painting; Las taken many prizes at local art exhibitions in oil, water color and pastel. Writer of items of educational interest and short stories. Beneficial mem. of Royal Neighbors of America (dist. deputy for that society in counties of Clark, Jackson, Eau Claire, Chippewa, Dunn and Pierce, Wis.) Mem. Monday Progress Club of Neillsville, Wis.; has been pres. of same, 1910-11; vice-pres., 1911-12; cor. sec, 1912-13. Recreations: Dancing, basketball, rowing, horses. Methodist. Favors woman suffrage; chairman of Organization Com. of the Political Equality League of Clark Co., Wis., 1912-.

BUDLONG, Jessie Valentine, 189 Governor St., Providence, R.l.

Born Providence, R.I.; dau. Granville Rhodes and Esther (Duke) Budlong; grad. Smith Coll., B.L. '98. Interested in working girls' club in Providence, and has been pres. R.I. Ass'n of Working Women's Clubs since its organization in 1904; interested in building summer vacation house for working girls. Has taught Sunday-school class; interested in Sunday-school work. Favors woman suffrage. Baptist. Mem. Alumnae Ass'n of Smith Coll., R.I. branch Ass'n Collegiate Alumnae, R.I. Soc. for Collegiate Education of Women, College Equal Suffrage League, Nat. League of Women Workers, Wednesday Club (local debating soc).

BUDLONG, Minnie Franklin Clarke (Mrs. Charles S. Budlong), Bismarck, N.D.

Secretary North Dakota Library Commission; b. Iowa City, Iowa, April 10, 1863; dau. Charles Franklin and Julia (Brown) Clarke; grad. State Univ., Iowa, A.B. '81 (Phi Beta Kappa); Wis. Library School, 1909-10, B.L.S. ; m. Iowa City, Iowa, Dec. 27, 1883, Charles Schuyler Budlong (died Dec. 13, 1904); children: Lester Goodwin, b. Aug. 29, 1893; Julia Nelson, b. July 27, 1895. Taught, Clarksville, Iowa; high school,


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Rh, Ia. Conducted mercantile business, Clarksville, Iowa, 1900-02; clerk State Land Office, Bismarck, N. Dak., 1904-08; secretary and director North Dakota Library Commission since 1907. Interested in State Federation of Women's Clubs. Author: Plan of Organization for Small Libraries, 1910; also miscellaneous magazine articles, historical sketches, fugitive verse, North Dakota song. Congregationalist. Republican. Mem. Fortnightly Club of Bismarck, N.Dak. Has been chairman of Legislative Com., also chairman of Literature and Library Com.; now historian of State Fed. of Women's Clubs. Was first woman in N.Dak. to receive appointment on a State commission, being appointed by Gov. Burke on the Library Commission at the time of its establishment, 1907; two years later became its secretary.

BUEHLER, Amelia R. Keller (Mrs. Eugene Buehler), 416 Pythian Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Physician; b. Cleveland, Ohio, Jan. 12, 1871; dau. Frederick and Elizabeth (Remele) Keller; ed. Indianapolis High School; Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons (Nu Sigma Phi); m. Indianapolis, 1889, Dr. Eugene Buehler; one son: Eugene Otto. Associate prof, diseases of children, Med. Dep't of Indiana Univ. Lecturer on civic matters and eugenics. Mem. Indianapolis Historical Soc.; pres. Indianapolis Local Council of Women. Favors woman suffrage; pres. Woman's Franchise League of Indiana.

BUEL, Elizabeth Cynthia Barney (Mrs. John Laidlaw Buel), East Meadows, Litchfield, Conn.

Born N.Y. City, Feb. 16, 1868; dau. Newcomb Cushman and Elizabeth Jackson (Sturgis) Barney; ed. St. John's School (private), N.Y. City; grad. with marked distinction, Columbia Coll., N.Y. City, A.B. (fourth woman to grad. from Columbia in days before Barnard Coll. was founded); m. N.Y. City, May 28, 1895, John Laidlaw Buel, M.D.; one daughter: Katharine Barney Buel, b. April 8, 1905. State regent of Conn. D.A.R., having 49 chapters and 4,700 members; activities are mostly patriotic and educational, chief work being education of immigrants in Am. life and citizenship and of Southern mountaineers, and all classes of young people, native and foreign, in the ideals of Am. institutions. Author: Tale of the Spinning Wheels. Editor: The Chronicles of a Pioneer School (compiled by Mrs. Emily Noyes Vanderpoel); The Ellsworth Homestead, Past and Present, and numerous unpublished historical patriotic and memorial papers and speeches. Congregationalist. Mem. Conn. Soc. Colonial Dames of America, Soc. of Mayflower Descendants in State of N.Y.; rec. sec. Litchfield Historical Soc; sec. Litchfield Chapter Am. Red Cross since Spanish-American War; first vice-pres. (formerly pres.) Litchfield Auxiliary of Woman's Board of Foreign Missions. Mem. Mary Washington Memorial Ass'n. Honorary regent Mary Floyd Tallmadge Chapter D.A.R. (Litchfield), Litchfield Lawn Club; sec. Litchfield Dramatic Club; mem. Woman's College Club of Litchfield Co.; honorary mem. Litchfield Co. University Club, Pocahontas Memorial Ass'n. Recreations: Reading, social duties.

BUELL, Caroline Brown (Mrs. F. W. H. Buell), East Hampton, N.H.

Lecturer, writer; b. Marlboro, Mass., Oct. 24, 1843; dau. Rev. Thomas Gibson Brown; ed. public schools; m. East Hampton, Conn., Aug. 25, 1862, F. W. H. Buell (lieut. Conn. Volunteers, died in Civil War). Lecturer and writer on temperance and suffrage. Identified since 1875 with Conn. W.C.T.U. (cor. sec. until 1886, pres. 1904); with Nat. W.C.T.U. since 1878 (ass't rec. sec, two years; cor. sec, 1880-93); planned and took active part in organizing the Loyal Temperance Legion (children's dep't of W.C.T.U.). Contributor to various papers on temperance subjects. Favors woman suffrage: mem. Nat. Am. Woman Suffrage Ass'n. Mem. Nat. Purity Ass'n. Mem. Sorosis and Century Study Clubs.

BUELL, Dora Phelps (Mrs. William J. Buell), Capitol, Denver, Colo.

Born Atchison, Kan.; dau. Edward H. and Elizabeth (Fryer) Phelps; ed. Atchison High School; Fulton and Tunblord School of Oration, Kansas City; m. Atchison, 1884, William J. Buell; children: Phelps, Clinton, William J. Buell, Jr. Dramatic reader and teacher of expression in girlhood; public speaker, suffrage and political. Mem. Denver Woman's Club, Northside Club, Equal Suffrage Ass'n and various Reform political clubs. Deputy Comm'n of Immigration of Colorado. Christian Scientist. Active in winning suffrage in Colorado and leader in suffrage movement in State; platform speaker.

BUELL, Irene Cleveland Cox (Mrs. E. Eugene Buell), Chresty Building, Duluth, Minn.

Lawyer; b. St. Peter, Minn., Nov. 13, 1874; dau. Judge E. St. Julien and Mariah H. (Mayhew) Cox; ed. St. Peter's public school; St. Paul Coll. of Law, LL.B. '07; Univ. of Minn., LL.M. '08; m. Iowa City, Iowa., 1894, Dr. E. Eugene Buell. Admitted to United States Supreme Court in 1910. Favors woman suffrage. Episcopalian. State pres. Nat. Soc. U.S. Daughters of 1812; mem. D.A.R.; pres. Woman's Business Club; mem. Woman's Rotary Club, Civics Study Class, Woman's Council, St. Louis County Bar Ass'n, Minn. State Bar Ass'n; pres. Junior Bar Ass'n; mem. Writers' Club.

BUELL, Jennie, Ann Arbor, Mich.

State grange lecturer; b. Cass Co., Mich., Feb. 6, 1863; dau. B. G. and Harriet (Copley) Buell; ed. Mich. Normal Coll. Sec. State Grange for 16 years; now lecturer of same. Five years ass't editor Grange Visitor; Farmers' Institute speaker. Interested in rural life in all phases. Favors woman suffrage; chairman (1912 campaign) of Mich. State Grange Equal Suffrage Com. Author: One Woman's Work for Farm Women; The Gold Bank Combination; articles for farm journals upon rural topics. Swedenborgian. Mem. the Grange and Mich. Woman's Press Ass'n.

BUELL, Martha Merry (Mrs. Charles Edwin Buell), 115 Ely Place, Madison, Wis.

Born Phoenix, N.Y., Aug. 10, 1864; dau. Edmund and Angeline M. (Sweet) Merry; grad. Phoenix Acad., '81; Cornell Univ., '85, B.S.; special student Univ. of Wis. (mem. Kappa Alpha Theta); m. Phoenix, N.Y., June 12, 1890, Charles Edwin Buell; children: Pauline, Mary Van Rensselaer, Helen de Yoe, Martha Merry. Pres. Wis. Fed. of Women's Clubs, 1906-08; especial interest is in the Home Economics Dep't. Against woman suffrage. Congregationalist.

BUERGER, Mary Bowles (Mrs. Franz G. E. Buerger), 311 W. Eighteenth St., Santa Ana, Cal.

Teacher of modern languages; b. Ottawa, Kan., Jan. 19, 1869; dau. Theodore C. and Mary E. (Pettit) Bowles; ed. high school, Ottawa, Kan.; Washburn Coll., Topeka, Kan.; Wellesley Coll., B.S. '94; m. Kansas City, Mo., June 21, 1900, Franz G. E. Buerger; children: Franz B., Max B., Wilhelm Kieling. Mem. of First Congregational Church of Kansas City, Mo. Treas. Kansas City Branch of Collegiate Alumnae, 1897-1900; mem. various clubs and Am. Woman's Republic, St. Louis, Mo. Favors woman suffrage. Congregationalist.

BUFFINGTON, Adaline Allston, 26 Grove St., Madison, N.J.

Social worker; b. Alleghany Arsenal, Pittsburgh, Pa.; dau. Gen. Adelbert Rinaldo and Eliza Allston (White) Buffington; grad. Vassar Coll., A.B. '01; graduate student, 1902-03, A.M. '05. Visitor Newark (N.J.) Bureau of Associated Charities, 1906-07;, visitor and social worker, Madison, N.J., 1908-12; sec Associated Charities, Lansing, Mich., since 1912.

BUFORD, Elizabeth Burgess (Mrs. Elbridge G. Buford), Buford Coll., Nashville, Tenn.

Born Tenn., 1860; dau. J. J. H. and Elizabeth R. (Chambliss) Burgess; grad. the Athenaeum, Columbia, Tenn., A.B.; special studies in music and language; m. Clarksville, Tenn., 1882, Elbridge G. Buford. Taught in various prominent Southern schools. Founder and now regent of Buford Coll., Nashville. Mem. United Daughters of Confederacy.


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144 BUGBEE, Marion L., 17 Merrimac St., Concord, N.H.

Physician; b. Hartford, Vt., Sept. 2, 1871; dau. Jonathan and Ellen (Lewis) Bugbee; ed. Tilton (N.H.) Sem.; grad. Woman's Med. Coll. of N.Y. Infirmary for Women and Children, M.D. '97, followed by post-graduate and clinical study at N Y. Post-Graduate School and Hospital, N.Y. City. Began professional practice at White River, Vt., in 1898; since 1907 physician in charge of the New Hampshire Memorial Hospital for Women and Children. Mem. Am. Medical Ass'n, New Hampshire Med. Soc, White River Med. Soc, etc.

BUGG, Leila Hardin, Wichita, Kan.

Author; b. Ironton, Mo.; ed. in the Ursuline Acad. at Arcadia, Mo., followed by special studies under private tutition, a course in Trinity Coll., Washington, D.C., and European travel. Author: Correct English; The Correct Thing for Catholics; The Lady—Manners and Social Usages; Orchids (novel); People of Our Parish; The Prodigal's Daughter; Little Book of Wisdom.

BUHRER, Marguerite Paterson (Mrs. Stephen Buhrer), 4606 Franklin Av., Cleveland, Ohio.

Born N.Y. City, May 1, 1868; dau. William and Anna (Marshall) Paterson; ed. Cleveland public schools; m. Cleveland, Mar. 29, 1890, Stephen Buhrer. Chairman Legislative Com. for Congress of Mothers, working for the Mothers' Pension Bill for the State of Ohio. Pres. Home Missionary Soc; pres. Cleveland Congress of Mothers; pres. Cleveland Council of Women; State pres. Housewives' League of America. Mem. Cleveland Literary Guild, Cleveland Emerson Class, Health Protective Ass'n; patriotic instructor Woman's Relief Corps G.A.R. Methodist. Favors woman suffrage; mem. State Central Com., chairman of ward; chairman Enrollment State Com.; pres. Equal Franchise Soc. Independent (progressive) in politics.

BULKLEY, Mary Ezit, 5906 Clemens Av., St. Louis, Mo.

Bookbinder; dau. P. C. and Mary (Moody) Bulkley; ed. St. Louis High School; School of Fine Arts; N.Y. Metropolitan School of Art, Cooper Union, Strikeman's Bindery. Mem. Neighborhood Ass'n (settlement), Civic League; chairman of Com. on Industrial Condition of Central Council of Social Agencies; chairman Propaganda Com. of Mo. Equal Suffrage League. Favors woman suffrage. Mem. Artists' Guild, Players' Club, Wednesday Club, Town Club.

BULL, Cornelia Wilcox (Mrs. Henry Adsit Bull), 80 Rumsey Road, Buffalo, N.Y.

Born Buffalo, N.Y., Nov. 4, 1880; dau. Ansley and Cornelia C. (Rumsey) Wilcox; ed. private school in Buffalo and Rosemary Hall (boarding school); m. Buffalo, 1901, Henry Adsit Bull; children: Katherine, Henry Adsit Jr., Marian. Interested in various philanthropic societies and in all that pertains to primary education; founder of the Park School, an open-air institute, aiming to provide ideal physical, mental and spiritual conditions for the education of children under 14 (now pres. board of trustees). Favors woman suffrage. Author of pamphlet on the new ideals of primary education, entitled As Little Children, and poems publisher in magazines. Mem. Consumers' League and of board of managers of Watson House (Settlement).

BULL, Elizabeth A., 200 W. Ninety-ninth St., N.Y. City.

Born Indianapolis, Ind.; dau. George P. and Harriet (Morris) Anderson; ed. Indianapolis, Ind.; in. Indianapolis, June 24, 1873; children: Ethel B., b. April 17, 1879; George S., b. Feb. 17. 1879. Mem. Daughters of Indiana (charter mem.). Favors woman suffrage. Mem. New Thought Church.

BULL, Mary Louisa, Lindon Hills, Rural Route No. 2, Minneapolis. Minn.

Instructor in home economics; b. Edina, Minn., April 4, 1863; dau. James A. and Mary E. (Cornstock) Bull; ed. country school; Minneapolis graded School of Agriculture, St. Paul, Minn.; Belleville Acad., N.Y. (hon. mem. Phi Upsilon Omicron). Taught country school three years; assistant instructor Domestic Science Dep't, School of Agriculture of Minn., 14 years; Farmers' Inst., home economics dep't extension division, Minn. Favors woman suffrage. Author of bulletin on Domestic Science in Rural School; articles for papers and home economics bulletins. Mem. Grange, Minn. Branch of Internat. Farm Woman's Press Ass'n.

BULL, Sally Franklin Wainwright (Mrs. Henry Tilghman Bull), Fort Riley, Kan.

Born Washington, D.C., July 1, 1882; dau. Dallas Bache and Rosa Gertrude (Kendig) Wainwright; ed. public schools of Washington, D.C.; m. Washington, D.C, April 5, 1904, Henry Tilghman Bull, U.S.A.; one daughter: Elizabeth Wainwright. Favors woman suffrage.

BULLARD, Carrie—see Lewis, Carrie Bullard.

BULLIS, Jeannette, Cleveland, Ohio.

Educator; b. Charleston, N.Y., June 21, 1876; dau. S. Francis and Jennie Woods Bullis; grad. Teachers' Coll., Columbia Univ., '06. Made investigations of trade conditions in N.Y. and Cleveland, organized trade schools. Pres. Co-operative Employment Bureau. Author of magazine articles on Vocational and Trade Training. Mem. Saturday Evening Club (civic). Episcopalian.

BULLITT, Margaret Emmons (Mrs. James Fry Bullitt), Ridgeway, 2220 Chestnut St., Harrisburg, Pa.

Born St. Louis, Mo.; dau. George B. and Martha Jane (Davis) Emmons; ed. Mary Inst., St. Louis, Mo.; the Misses Masters' School, Dobbs Ferry, N.Y., and St. Louis Normal School. Kindergarten director; m. Boston, 1897, Rev. James Fry Bullitt; children: Martha Davis, Margaret Emmons, Priscilla Christian, Janet Laughorne. Taught two years in Philadelphia. Had special training as teacher of the primary Sunday-school under Miss Mabel Wilson of St. Louis and has started ten different classes for little children with this system in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts during the last seventeen years. Author: The Story of the Christ. Episcopalian. Recreations: Reading, sewing, swimming, automobiling. Mem. Harrisburg Civic Club, Harrisburg Country Club.

BULLOCK, Florence Gertrude, 74 Harris Av., Woonsocket, R.I.

Born Woonsocket, R.I., Sept. 22, 1875; dau. Richmond and Gertrude (Cook) Bullock; ed. Woonsocket High School and Woodside Sem., Hartford, Conn. Regent Woonsocket Chapter D.A.R.; primary sup't Universalist Sunday-school; treas. Woonsocket Day Nursery and Children's Home; State pres. Woman's Universalist Missionary Ass'n of R.I. ; mem. Board, Woonsocket Fortnightly Club; mem. Woonsocket Mission Circle, D.A.R., Cumberland Gulf Club, Winnesuket Golf Club.

BULLOCK, Helena M. C. (Mrs. Charles J. Bullock), 183 Brattle St., Cambridge, Mass.

Born Middlebury, Vt., Jan. 4, 1872; dau. Clinton and Alice M. (White) Smith; ed. Syracuse Univ. (mem. Alpha Phi); m. June 22, 1895, Charles J. Bullock; one daughter: Grace Helena, b. Sept. 4, 1903. Mem. Boston Browning Soc; treas. Women's Aid Ass'n of Cambridge Hospital; ass't sup't of Primary Dep't of Sunday-school of First Congregational Church. Mem. Exec. Com. of Cambridge Branch of Ass'n Opposed to Further Extension of Suffrage to Women. Supporting mem. Visiting Nurses' Ass'n, Anti-Tuberculosis Ass'n, Avon Home for Children, Aged People's Home. Congregationalist. Mem. Syracuse Alumnae, Boston Alumnae Chapter of Alpha Phi. Mem. Boston College Club.

BULSON, Florence J. (Mrs. A. E. Bulson), 1004 Francis St., Jackson, Mich.

Born Paw Paw, Mich., 1858; dau. O. A. and Ermina (Rogers) Breck; ed. Paw Paw High School and Mich. Normal Coll.; m. Dec 11, 1878, Dr. A. E. Bulson; children: Florence A., Glenn Allen, Agnes Erminie. Taught school two years; editor Mich. Club Bulletin; sup't primary dep't of Sunday-school 12 years. Served as sec. and director of Mich. Federation of Woman's Clubs, two years each; chairman of various standing committees 15 years; designed state badge (pin)


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Rh used by same organization. Mem. Tourist Club, Jackson Literary and Art Ass'n. Recreations: Walking, rowing, swimming, dancing and motoring. Mem. D.A.R. Baptist. Mem. Jackson Equal Suffrage Ass'n.

BUMPUS, Marie Louise (Mrs. Everett C. Bumpus), Quincy, Mass., and 179 Goffe St. and Fallowfields, Windsor, Mass.

Art lecturer; b. Canandaigua, N.Y.; dau. John Stevens and Anna Maria (Upham) Bates; ed. private school in Canandaigua, N.Y.; one year at Packer Collegiate Inst., later grad. Yale School of Fine Arts, then studied in Paris with Bouguereau; m. N.Y. City, April 23, 1889, Judge Everett C. Bumpus, of Boston, Mass.; children: Morris Everett, b. April 10, 1890; Foster Cushman, b. May 2, 1892. Was resident art teacher at Smith Coll., Northampton, Mass., 1884-88. Translated for the Grolier Co., N.Y.: Jean et Jeanette, by Théophile Gautier; Paul Bornfit's Pastels de Femmes, also miscellaneous magazine articles. Episcopalian. Mem. Mass. Soc. Colonial Dames of America, Mass. Soc. Daughters of Colonial Governors, Copley Soc. (art), Quincy Woman's Club.

BUMSTEAD, Anna Hoit (Mrs. Horace Bumstead), 91 St. Paul St., Brookline, Mass.

Born North Conway, N.H., Oct. 22, 1848; dau. Albert Gallatin and Susan Ann (Hanson) Hoit; ed. public and private schools in North Conway and Hanover, N.H., and Castleton, Vt.; m. North Conway, N.H., Jan. 9, 1872, Rev. Horace Bumstead; children: Arthur, Albert, Ralph, Richard, Dorothy. Actively interested for many years in the educational advancement of colored people. Favors woman suffrage. Congregationalist. After marriage lived first in Minneapolis, where her husband was pastor of the Second Congregational Church; then for many years in Atlanta, Ga., where he was pres. of Atlanta Univ.; served as Northern sec. of Atlanta Univ., 1894-1905, with special reference to the financial interests; traveled in Europe, 1905-06, and since her husband's retirement, 1907, has lived in Brookline, Mass.

BUNGE, Sarah Emily Wheeler (Mrs. George William Bunge), 417 S. Fourteenth St., La Crosse, Wis.

Born Wisconsin; grad. Rockford Coll., B.A. '98; m. George William Bunge (lawyer); three children (one deceased). Congregationalist; active in missionary and social work. Mem. Alumnae Ass'n of Rockford Coll.; treas. local council D.A.R. Mem. Homer Club.

BUNKER, Annie Jerina Ellers (Mrs. D. A. Bunker), Seoul, Korea.

Medical missionary; grad. Rockford (Ill.) Coll., A.B. '81; Training School for Nurses of Boston (Mass.) City Hospital, '84, and afterward studied medicine; m. Seoul, Korea, 1887, Rev. D. A. Bunker (of the Royal College). Sent by Presbyterian Board of Missions to work as medical missionary among the women of Korea, 1884. Soon became the friend and confidant of the Queen and was her medical attendant until the tragic murder of the Queen in 1885. Active in educational, missionary and medical work in Korea; has three times visited the United States since becoming a missionary.

BUNKER, Daisy Davenport Bryan (Mrs. Charles Bunker), Manila, P.I.

Born Savannah, Ga., Jan. 4, 1879; dau. John M. and Susannah (Davenport) Bryan; ed. Edeghill, Va.; Miss Cary's School, Baltimore, Md.; m. Savannah, Ga., April 29, 1903, Capt. Charles Bunker, U.S. Army. Favors woman suffrage. Episcopalian. Democrat. Mem. D.A.R.

BUNKER, Elizabeth Johnson (Mrs. Francis Marion Bunker), Woodstock, Ill.

Born Woodstock, Ill., June 28, 1855; dau. Orvis Samuel and Esther (Powers) Johnson; ed. Woodstock High School; m. Woodstock, Ill., June 28, 1876, Francis Marion Bunker; children: George Tracy, Blanche Caroline, Park Johnson, Alice Martha, Eugene Frances, Donald Columbus. Universalist. Recreation: Traveling. Pres. Woman's Club; mem. Chautauqua and other literary clubs.

BUNKER, Marie Rowland, Overbrook, Philadelphia, Pa.

Literary assistant; b. Philadelphia; dau. William Benton and Camille Lewees (Rowland) Bunker; ed. Philadelphia High School; received scholarship to Bryn Mawr Coll., grad. A.B. '07; A.M. '08; grad. student, 1907-10. Taught English, French and German in Philadelphia High School, 1910-12. Now private literary ass't to Dr. J. B. Esenwein, editor of Lippincott's Magazine, and author of many books on fiction writing, etc. Episcopalian.

BUNTING, Florence M., 5 Stratford Road, Winchester, Mass.

Born Chelsea, Mass., Jan. 26, 1879; dau. James F. and Carrie M. (Nickles) Bunting; ed. Chelsea High School, '98; Wellesley, B.A. '02. Treas. and mem. board of directors of Junior Charity Club of Boston since it foundation in 1904; mem. Winchester Fortnightly Club (served on Art Com., 1910-11); treas. Guild of St. Cross of the Church of the Epiphany, 1903-04; treas. of nearly all the large annual events (bazaars and plays) given by the Junior Charity Club in Boston for the Woman's Charity Club Hospital in Roxbury. Furnished and named a room at the Woman's Charity Club Hospital, Roxbury, for the Junior Charity Club; mem. Drama League of Boston. Favors woman suffrage; mem. Winchester Equal Suffrage League. Episcopalian.

BUNTING, Martha, The Newport, Spruce and Sixteenth Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.

Scientific research; b. Philadelphia, Dec. 2, 1861; dau. Samuel and Susan Lloyd (Andrews) Bunting; ed. Swarthmore Coll., B.L. '81; Univ. of Pa., 1888-91; Bryn Mawr, 1891-93, Ph.D. '93; Wood's Hole, Mass., 1892, 1893, 1899; Columbia, 1898-99. Instructor biology, Goucher Coll., 1893-97; head teacher biology, Girls' High School, Philadelphia, 1897-98; assistant teacher biology, Wadleigh High School, N.Y. City, 1900-12; Carnegie research assistant to Dr. Edward Tyson Reichert; professor of physiology, Univ. of Pa., 1912-, and associate of Carnegie Institution. Author: Origin of Sex Cells in Hydractinia and Podocoryne, with Development of Hydractinia; Significance of the Oboliths for the Geotropic Functions of Astacus; Structure of the Cork Tissues in Roots of Some Rosaceous Genera. Mem. A.A.A.S., Ass'n Collegiate Alumnae, Somerville Literary Soc. (Swarthmore), Alumnae Socs. of Swarthmore and Bryn Mawr, College Club (Philadelphia), Good Government Club (Philadelphia). Against woman suffrage. Mem. Dutch Reformed Church.

BUNZL, Carrie Elizabeth Goble, 155 West 75th St., N.Y. City.

Born Orange Co., N.Y., Nov. 6, 1865; dau. Nathan and Mary Caroline (Duryea) Goble; grad. Normal Coll., N.Y. City, with honorable mention, '85 (mem. Graduate Club); m. Nov. 6, 1888, Ernest Bunzl; children: Regina Carolyn Bunzl White, Ernest Everett. Critic teacher, Normal Coll., N.Y. City. Treas. Chapin Home for the Aged and Infirm; vice-pres. Universalist Women's Alliance; director City Federation Hotel for Working Girls; treas. Graduate Club of Normal Coll.; representative of Asso. Alumnae of Normal Coll; cor. sec. Woman's Republican Ass'n, N.Y. City; treas. Woman's Republican Ass'n of State of N.Y.; mem. D.A.R., Child Welfare Com., Woman's Titanic Memorial Com. Universalist (Church of the Divine Paternity). Recreations: Sailing, motoring.

BURBERRY, Martha Dashiell (Mrs. F. S. Burberry, Indianola, Iowa.

Born Hartford, Ia., Jan. 15, 1865; dau. Mark A. and Louisiana (Noble) Dashiell; ed. Simpson Coll., Indianola, Ia. (mem. Pi Beti Phi); m. Indianola, Ia., June 28, 1893, F. S. Burberry. Active in church, Sunday school and choir work. Chairman of social com. of Woman's Club. Sec. local board of Iowa Children's Home. Active in social duties and philanthropies as carried on through the home and State federated clubs. Presbyterian. Mem. P.E.O. Soc. Recreations: Walking, motoring, physical culture exercises, informal society affairs. Clubs: Shakespeare, Woman's, Thimble, Musical Guild.


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146 BURCHARD, Alice Webb, Wilmette. Ill.

High school instructor; b. St. Louis, Mo., 1875; dau. Mortimer N. and Louise (Webb) Burchard; ed. Chicago public schools; dishing Acad., Ashburnham, Mass.; Wellesley Coll., B.A. '97; Northwestern Univ., 1898-99; mem. Delta Gamma. Taught two years at Chicago Heights High School; teacher of English at New Trier Township High School, Kenilworth, Ill., from 1901. Favors woman suffrage. Episcopalian. Mem. D.A.R., Audubon Soc, Nat. Educational Ass'n, Chicago Wellesley Club. Recreations: Reading, theatre, lectures, traveling.

BURDETT, Elizabeth Terry White (Mrs. Owen Long Burdett), 620 W. 115th St., N.Y. City.

Born San Francisco, Cal.; dau. James Terry and Florence C. (Derby) White; ed. in schools of N.Y. City and Vassar Coll., A.B. '01; m. Dec. 26, 1908, Owen Long Burdett; one daughter. Settlement work in N.Y. City, 1904-05 and 1907-08, and In Jersey City, N.J., 1905-07.

BURDETTE, Clara Bradley (Mrs. Robert J. Burdette), 891 Orange Grove Boulevard, Pasadena, Cal.

Born East Bloomfield, N.Y., July 22, 1855; dau. Albert Harvey and Laura Orinda (Coville) Bradley; ed. public and high schools, Syracuse, N.Y.; Syracuse Univ., B.S. '76; mem. Alpha Phi; m. (1st) Syracuse, N.Y., July 24, 1878, N. Milman Wheeler (prof. Greek, Lawrence Univ.; died Dec. 6, 1886); m. (2d) Los Angeles, Cal., June 4, 1890, Col. Presley C. Baker (C.S.A.; died Sept. 5, 1893); m. (3d) Mar. 25, 1899, Robert J. Burdette (well-known humorist and lecturer and pastor, 1903-09, of the Temple Baptist Church of Los Angeles, Cal.; one son: Roy Bradley Wheeler, b. Sept. 27, 1882, and a stepson, Robert J. Burdette, Jr. Preceptress in private school for girls, 1876-78; removed to Wisconsin and later to California, Founded the Woman's Exchange in Los Angeles; one of the organizers of the Chautauqua movement in Cal.; trustee Throop Polytechnic Inst, Pasadena, Cal.; mem. Hospital Board of Pasadena Hospital, to which she gave a maternity wing in 1904; one of founders and incorporators of the Southwest Museum of Los Angeles; mem. Associated Charities. Presbyterian; but was active in duties as wife of the pastor of a large Baptist congregation and was an incorporator and first vice-pres. and chairman of the Finance Committee of the Auditorium Company, which built, at a cost of $625,000, building in which that congregation worships. Has made frequent addresses; contributor to magazines and newspapers. Author: The Rainbow and the Pot of Gold, and other booklets. Mem. D.A.R., organized and was first regent of Pasadena Chapter; mem. Am. Social Science Ass'n, Archaeological Inst, of Am., Nat. Geographic Soc. Charter mem. Ebell Club of Los Angeles (pres. 1897-1900) and erected its clubhouse; organized the women's clubs of California in 1900 into the Cal. State Fed. of Women's Clubs (pres. 1900-02); vice-pres. Gen. Fed. of Women's Clubs, 1902-04. Mem. Friday Morning Club, Badger Club (Los Angeles); Shakespeare Club (Pasadena).

BURGART, Laverda Adelia, 1506 Eleventh St., Altoona, Pa,

Born Altoona, Pa., July 9, 1883; dau. Joseph and Mary A. Burgart; grad. Altoona High School (first honors); Bucknell Univ., A.B. and A.M. Sunday-school teacher and officer in various church societies; active in Y.W.C.A. work. Favors woman suffrage. Episcopalian. Socialist. Recreations: Tennis, walking, gymnasium work.

BURGESS, Frances Elinor (Mrs. Walter Burgess), 68 Commonwealth Av., Boston, Mass.

Born Boston, June 21, 1857; dau. David Rice and Sophia Paine (Dunn) Whitney; ed. Miss Hall's private school; m. May 18 1876, Walter Burgess; one daughter: Mabel Whitney (Mrs. William de Forest Thomson). Interested in study and collection of antique objects of art. Against woman suffrage. Clubs: Cavendish whist, modern whist.

BURGESS, Ida J., 77 Irving Place, N.Y. City; summer, Woodstock, Ulster Co., N.Y.

Painter, writer; b. Chicago, Ill.; dau. William T. and Ophelia (Crosby) Burgess; ed. Art Students' League, N.Y. City; pupil of L. O. Merson, Paris, 1883-85, picture exhibited at Salon, 1885, prize at Chicago World's Fair, 1893. Painted the decoration of woman's reception room, Ill. State Building, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893, with mural paintings, symbolic of Progress and Woman's Occupations; the decoration of Orington Lunt Library, Evanston, Ill., 1896, symbolic mural panels and many designs for stained glass. Has exhibited paintings in all the principal exhibitions of America; makes specialty of work in mural decoration and stained glass, but has painted portraits and genre subjects; more recent work is in portraits in stained glass. Author of magazine articles on stained glass, country homes and interior furnishing for American Homes and Gardens, 1912-13; in preparation: The Stained Glass of Italy, with illustrations in color made from the old windows in many cathedrals and churches in Italy. Mem. Woman's Art Club (N.Y. City), Chicago Soc. of Artists, Pen and Brush Club, N.Y. City. Recreations: Gardening, foreign travel. Baptist. Favors woman suffrage; mem. Political Equality Ass'n; takes part in parades.

BURGESS, Rosamond Tudor (Mrs. W. Starling Burgess), Marblehead, Mass.

Artist; b. Buzzards Bay, Mass., June 20, 1878; dau. Frederic and Louise (Simes) Tudor; ed. private schools; School Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, under Benson and Tarbell; m. (1st) Boston, Oct. 9, 1899, A. H. Higginson; (2d) Marblehead, Mass., Oct. 13, 1904, W. Starling Burgess; children: Henry Lee Higginson 2d, Edward, Frederic Tudor. Against woman suffrage.

BURGESS, Ruth Payne Jewett (Mrs. John W. Burgess), Athenwood, Newport, R.I.

Artist; b. Montpelier, Vt.; dau. Col. Elisha Payne and Julia K. (Field) Jewett; ed. Burnham School, Northampton, Mass.; m. Sept. 2, 1885, Prof. John W. Burgess; one son: Elisha Payne Jewett Burgess. Portrait painter; ex-pres. Art Students' League; ex-pres. Woman's Art Club of N.Y. Painted portrait of Prince August William of Prussia, President Butler of Columbia Univ., Hon. A. B. Hepburn, Hon. George A. Plimpton, Prof. March, Admiral Charles E. Clark, etc. Mem. Barnard Club, Art Workers' Club for Women, patron of Metropolitan Museum of Art.

BURGOYNE, Ina Forrest Davis (Mrs. Stephen Hunt Burgoyne), Great Neck, L. I.

Born Middletown, O.; dau. Nelson Austin and Joana (Pendergast) Davis; ed. Northampton (Mass.) High School, Smith Coll. A.B.; m. N.Y. Oct. 26, 1909, Stephen Hunt Burgoyne (great grandson of General Burgoyne of Revolutionary fame). Lives in N.Y. City, Florence, Mass., and Great Neck, L.I. Interested in several charitable and social activities in Northampton, Great Neck, L.I., and N.Y. City. Against woman suffrage. Episcopalian. Mem. D.A.R., Smith Coll. Alumnae, Western Mass. Coll. Club, Hospital Aid Ass'n. Recreation: traveling.

BURKE, Annie J. Ferguson (Mrs. W. R. Burke), 311 Palmerston Boulevard, Toronto, Can.

Born Cookstown, Ont., Can.; dau. late Isaac Ferguson and granddaughter Lieut.-Col. Ogle R. Gowan, M.P.; ed. Bishop Strachan School, Toronto; m. 1896, W.R. Burke, a distinguished civil engineer (died 1897), only son of the Rev. Canon Burke of Belleville, Ont. Interested in polities and identified with various religious and social philanthropic activities.

BURKE, Asenath Danforth Spalding (Mrs. Charles Horace Burke), Nashua, South End, N.H.

Born Merrimac, N.H., June 26, 1856; dau. Hosea Ballou and Dorcas (Marshall) Spalding; ed. public schools, Nashua, N.H., 1874; m. Nashua, N.H., Sept 7, 1876, Charles Horace Burke; one daughter: Tena (Mrs. Paul A. Weldon), of Cambridge, Mass. Interested in the International Bible Students' organization. Against woman suffrage. Unsectarian.

BURKE, Billie (Ethel Burke), Empire Theatre, N.Y. City.

Actress; b. Washington, D.C, Aug. 7, 1886; dau. William E. and Blanche Burke (both


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Rh actors); ed. in schools in London, and studied singing and languages in France. First professional appearance was as a singer in the Pavilion Music Hall, London; later on regular stage in pantomime Beauty and the Beast at Glasgow, Scotland, followed by a season or two in the English provinces. Then appeared in London as Mamie Rockefeller in The School Girl, 1902; later at the Lyric Theatre, London, as Lizette in The Duchess of Dantzic; in The Blue Moon, 1905; The Belle of Mayfair, 1906; then leading woman to Charles Hawtrey in Mr. George, and later as Stella, principal part in Mrs. Ponderbury's Past; came to N.Y., opening Sept. 7, 1907, with John Drew as Beatrice Dupre, leading r61e in My Wife; later starred in Love Watches, at Lyceum Theatre, N.Y. City, 1908; in Mrs. Dot, 1910; in The Runaway at the Lyceum in 1911, and in season of 1912-13 in The Mind the Paint Girl, at the Lyceum Theatre N.Y. City.

BURKE, Madeleina Forrest (Mrs. Edward F. Burke), "Ballydugan," Stevenson. Green Spring Valley, Md.

Born Hyde Park, N.Y.; dau. Charles Robert and Harriet Tisdale (Chandler) Forrest; ed. Miss Porter's School, Farmington, Conn.; m. Hartford, Conn., Jan. 9, 1901, Edward F. Burke; children: Randolph Forrest, Edward Winslow, Madeleine Forrest.

BURKE, Marion, 1111 Emerson St., Palo Alto, Cal.

Physician; b. Waverly, Iowa; ed. in schools of Evanston, Ill.; grad. Vassar Coll., A.B. (Phi Beta Kappa) '81; Woman's Med. Coll. of the N.Y. Infirmary, M.D. '95. Engaged in teaching after graduation from Vassar until entering upon medical course, upon completion of which engaged in practice of medicine in California.

BURKE, Myra Webster (Mrs. Edmund Whitney Burke), 2016 Adams St., Chicago, Ill.

Born in New Jersey, Mar. 11, 1847; dau. William Varnum and Ann Beauglass (Earley) Webster; grad. Rockford (Ill.) Sem. (now college), '66; m. Rockford, Ill., Dec. 5, 1878, Edmund Whitney Burke (lawyer, who has served as judge of the Circuit and Appellate Courts of Ill., and as dean of the Chicago-Kent Coll. of Law); children: Harold Webster, b. May 10, 1881; Frank Haney, b. May 22, 1884. Was teacher of water-color painting and one year teacher of German in Rockford Sem. before marriage; since then resident of Chicago. Has traveled extensively in U.S. and Europe. Mem. Methodist Episcopal Church; active in Sunday-school; mem. Woman's Foreign Missionary Soc. of M.E. Church. Republican. Recreation: Artist. Mem. West End Woman's Club.

BURKHARDT, Ethyline Durrant (Mrs. Alfred Burkhardt), Coffeeville, Miss.

Born Coffeeville, Miss., Jan. 19, 1884; dau. Horace W. and Frances (Miller) Durrant; ed. Holly Springs, Miss.; Fenelon Hall, M.A., first honors (Eutopian Soc); m. Coffeeville, Miss., Oct. 21, 1904, Alfred Burkhardt. Mem. Altar and Junior Guild (church work), King's Daughters, United Daughters of Confederacy, D.A.R., Federation of Women's Clubs, Old Ladies' Home Ass'n. Favors woman suffrage. Episcopalian. Mem. Woodman Circle at Clair Spring, near Coffeeville, Miss. Chairman for town of Coffeeville to represent the Musical Symphony Orchestra Club at Charlestown and Memphis, Thursday Card Club, Woman's Culture Club, Musical Club; pres. Daughters Confederate Veterans' Club; sec. Woman's Culture Club; treas. Musical Club.

BURKHOLDER, Mabel Grace, Hamilton, Ont.

Novelist and short-story writer; b. Hamilton, Ont., Mar. 1881; dau. Peter and Annie (Street) Burkholder; ed. Hamilton Coll. Inst. Well known as traveler in out of the way places, notably northern and northwestern Canada, having been sent out by the new transcontinental railways in search of literary material. Author: The Course of Impatience Carningham (novel), 1911. Methodist. Liberal in politics. Mem. Canadian Women's Press Club.

BURLEIGH, Gertrude Florence, 82 Belmont Av., Springfield, Mass.

Teacher, social worker; b. Munich, Germany; ed. in schools of Springfield, Mass., and Vassar Coll., B.A. '01. Teacher in Greenwich (Conn.) High School, 1901-02; Hosmer Hall, St. Louis, Mo., 1902-05; district sec. Associated Charities, Boston, 1906-09.

BURLEIGH, May Halsey Miller (Mrs. Cecil Burleigh). 709 Cortelyou Road, Brooklyn, N.Y.

Writer; b. Brooklyn, N.Y., July 2, 1865; dau. David H. and Sarah Elizabeth (Halsey) Miller; ed. at home; m. Brooklyn, N.Y., Oct. 25, 1900, Cecil Burleigh; one son: Richard Cecil. Author: Raoul and Iron Hand, or Winning His Golden Spurs; The Maid of Bocasse; also boys' serial stories, short fiction stories, essays on literary subjects, book reviews, papers on social and civic economics, etc. Mem. N.Y. Woman's Press Club, Writer's Club of Brooklyn, Manhattan Single Tax Club, Brooklyn Woman's Single Tax Club. Before marriage lectured on French history and English literature before schools and on civics before women's clubs.

BURLINGAME, Harriet Grace Boyd (Mrs. William Burlingame), 46 Main St., Exeter, N.H.

Born Providence, R.I., Sept 4, 1852; dau. Colville Dana and Harriet Maria (Campbell) Boyd (three of ancestors were founders of R.I.); ed. in Providence and in Mass.; m. Providence, Aug. 22, 1877, William Burlingame; two sons and two daughters. Resident of Exeter, N.H., since marriage. Has been grand matron of the Order of the Eastern Star of N.H.; pres. N.H. Fed. of Women's Clubs, now pres. Home Missionary Union of N.H. Speaker on historical and sociological subjects. Pres. Current Events Club of Exeter and past pres. of another olub. Trustee of various charitable organizations; mem. Soc. of Colonial Dames of N.H. Congregationalist.

BURLINGAME, Lillian M., 79 Hancock St., Brooklyn. N.Y.

Physician; b. Brooklyn; dau. Alvah W. and Angeline (Chichester) Burlingame; ed. Packer Coll. Inst., Brooklyn, N.Y. Med. Coll. and Hospital for Women, M.D. (honors, senior prize in surgery); mem. Alumnae Ass'n of N.Y. Med. Coll. and Hosp. for Women. Visiting physician N.Y. Med. Coll. and Hospital Dispensary; Memorial Dispensary for Women; Eastern District Hospital Dispensary; lecturer in gynecology, N.Y. Med. Coll. and Hospital for Women. Mem. Women's Med. Club of N.Y. ; Soc. of New England Women. Favors woman suffrage.

BURNET, Mary Quick (Mrs. H. B. Burnet), 1864 N. Pennsylvania Av., Indianapolis, Ind.

Born Columbus, Ind., Jan. 28, 1863; dau. Spencer Record and Katharine (Houser) Quick; ed. Purdue Univ.; Indianapolis Art School; m. Dec. 25, 1889, H. B. Burnet. Chairman State Art Com. in Ind. Fed. of Clubs; chairman art dep't in Woman's Dep't Club. Mem. Children's Aid Ass'n Board; pres. Missionary Soc, Smoke Abatement Ass'n, Indianapolis Art Ass'n. Clubs: Woman's Department, Katharine Merrill, Fortnightly, Woman's Research. Favors woman suffrage.

BURNETT, Mrs. Frances Hodgson, Plandome, L.I., N.Y.

Author, dramatist; b. (Hodgson) Manchester, England, Nov. 24, 1849; ed. privately; removed with parents to Knoxville, Tenn.; m. (1st) Washington, D.C., 1873, Dr. S. M. Burnett, from whom she secured a divorce, 1898; (2d) 1900, Stephen Townesend, English surgeon, author and playwright. Professionally engaged as writer since 1867; fame began with That Lass o' Lowrie's, which was first published serially in Scribner's (now the Century) Magazine. Especially interested in all that pertains to child-welfare. Author: That Lass o' Lowrie's, 1877; Surly Tim and Other Stories, 1877; Haworth's, 1879; Louisiana, 1880; A Fair Barbarian, 1881; Through One Administration, 1883; Little Lord Fauntleroy, 1886; Sara Crewe, 1888; Little Saint Elizabeth, 1889; The Pretty Sister of Jose, 1896; A Lady of Quality, 1896; His Grace of Ormonde, 1897; The Captain's Youngest, 1898; In Connection with the De Willoughby Claim, 1899; The Making of a Marchioness, 1901; The Little Unfairy Princess,