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Rh will give us the key of the enigma and it will not be long before we learn by what natural trap, or by what secret door, the old fellow was able to slip in and out, and return immediately to the laboratory to Monsieur Stangerson, without his absence being noticed. That, of course, is only an hypothesis."

Rouletabille sat down in an armchair, lit his pipe, which he was never without, smoked for a few minutes in silence—no doubt to calm the excitement which, visibly, dominated him—and then replied:—

"Young man," he said, in a tone the sad irony of which I will not attempt to render, "young man, you are a lawyer and I doubt not your ability to save the guilty from conviction; but if you were a magistrate on the bench, how easy it would be for you to condemn innocent persons!—You are really gifted, young man!"

He continued to smoke energetically, and then went on:—

"No trap will be found, and the mystery of 'The Yellow Room' will become more and more mysterious. That's why it interests me. The examining magistrate is right; nothing stranger than this crime has ever been known."

"Have you any idea of the way by which the murderer escaped?" asked.

"None," replied Rouletabille—"none, for the present. But I have an idea as to the revolver; the murderer did not use it."

"Good Heavens! By whom, then, was it used?"

"Why—by Mademoiselle Stangerson."


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Rh "I don't understand,—or rather, I have never understood," I said.

Rouletabille shrugged his shoulders.

"Is there nothing in this article in the 'Matin' by which you were particularly struck?"

"Nothing,—I have found the whole of the story it tells equally strange."

"Well, but—the locked door—with the key on the inside?"

"That's the only perfectly natural thing in the whole article."

"Really!—And the bolt?"

"The bolt?"

"Yes, the bolt—also inside the room—a still further protection against entry? Mademoiselle Stangerson took quite extraordinary precautions! It is clear to me that she feared someone. That was why she took such precautions—even Daddy Jacques's revolver—without telling him of it. No doubt she didn't wish to alarm anybody, and least of all, her father. What she dreaded took place, and she defended herself. There was a struggle, and she used the revolver skilfully enough to wound the assassin in the hand—which explains the impression on the wall and on the door of the large, blood-stained hand of the man who was searching for a means of exit from the chamber. But she didn't fire soon enough to avoid the terrible blow on the right temple."

"Then the wound on the temple was not done with the revolver?"

"The paper doesn't say it was, and I don't think it was; because logically it appears to me

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Rh that the revolver was used by Mademoiselle Stangerson against the assassin. Now, what weapon did the murderer use? The blow on the temple seems to show that the murderer wished to stun Mademoiselle Stangerson,—after he had unsuccessfully tried to strangle her. He must have known that the attic was inhabited by Daddy Jacques, and that was one of the reasons, I think, why he must have used a quiet weapon,—a life-preserver, or a hammer."

"All that doesn't explain how the murderer got out of 'The Yellow Room,'" I observed.

"Evidently," replied Rouletabille, rising, "and that is what has to be explained. I am going to the Château du Glandier, and have come to see whether you will go with me."

"I?"—

"Yes, my boy. I want you. The 'Epoque' has definitely entrusted this case to me, and I must clear it up as quickly as possible."

"But in what way can I be of any use to you?"

"Monsieur Robert Darzac is at the Château du Glandier."

"That's true. His despair must be boundless."

"I must have a talk with him."

Rouletabille said it in a tone that surprised me.

"Is it because—you think there is something to be got out of him?" I asked.

"Yes."

That was all he would say. He retired to my sitting-room, begging me to dress quickly.

I knew Monsieur Robert Darzac from having been of great service to him in a civil action, while


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Rh I was acting as secretary to Maître Barbet Delatour. Monsieur Robert Darzac, who was at that time about forty years of age, was a professor of physics at the Sorbonne. He was intimately acquainted with the Stangersons, and, after an assiduous seven years' courtship of the daughter, had been on the point of marrying her. In spite of the fact that she has become, as the phrase goes, "a person of a certain age," she was still remarkably good-looking.

While I was dressing I called out to Rouletabille, who was impatiently moving about my sitting-room:—

"Have you any idea as to the murderer's station in life?"

"Yes," he replied; "I think if he isn't a man in society, he is, at least, a man belonging to the upper class. But that, again, is only an impression."

"What has led you to form it?"

"Well,—the greasy cap, the common handkerchief, and the marks of the rough boots on the floor," he replied.

"I understand," I said; "murderers don't leave traces behind them which tell the truth."

"We shall make something out of you yet, my dear Sainclair," concluded Rouletabille.


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Author:William Albert Nitze

Works
Numerous articles to Revue d'Histoire littéraire, Romania, Speculum, PMLA, Modern Philology, Modern Language Notes, The Pacific Spectator, Romance Philology, the Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur, Romanic Review, the Dial and The North American Review.

Books:
 * The Grail Romance Perlesvaus  1902
 * Glastonbury and the Holy Grail 1903
 * Corneille's Selected Works (in collaboration) 1907
 * A Handbook of French Phonetics (in collaboration) 1918
 * A History of French Literature (with E. P. Dargan) 1922

title: Author:William Albert Nitze


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 132 I should be inclined to look for it on the Welsh coast, but Dr. Brugger would place it in Scotland.

I do not think the identification of Corbenic with Glastonbury Tor can be maintained. In the first place, the correct form of the name has not yet been determined; it is written Corbenic, Corberic, or Carbonek. Secondly, it only occurs in the final, cyclic, redaction, where it seems to have been introduced from the Grand Saint Graal, which says that the name is Chaldaean. It may quite well have come from the Acts of St. Thaddaeus, to which I referred in my letter in the same number, and therefore really be Oriental, as Miss Murray contends. The connection of the Lit Merveil with the Grail Castle also comes from the same romance, and is equally “suspect”; Chrétien and Wolfram place it in the Chastel Merveilleus, which has nothing to do with the Grail.

The Balin and Balan story certainly contains Grail elements, but in a very confused form, and requires further study. Professor Brown has drawn attention to the parallels with the earliest Gawain version.

The Owain story is, of course, allied to this group of ideas, but I know no version of the Grail story where the hero has to slay the guardian of bridge or ford before arriving at the Castle. Such a feat, which would involve his taking the place of the slain knight for an indefinite period, would have formed a most inconvenient hindrance to initiation. The adventures which provide us with variants of the theme, such as Perceval’s adventure at the Ford Amorous, are isolated from the main theme of the Grail Quest. Miss Berkeley introduces too many elements into her enquiry. The Nature ritual, with its accompanying initiation ceremonies, is a simple concrete actual fact; it happened, and it seems a pity to mix it up with “Otherworld” speculations, Gods of the Head, of the Sea, etc. Such may be local, but are they Grail traditions? With regard to the Cauldrons, I have expressed my opinion in the book referred to; I do not believe they belong to the same line of tradition at all.

I purposely made no use of the Dionysiac, or Orphic, mysteries. All these Life Cults possess certain elements in common, but


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 Rh the later, and specifically Greek, rituals do not furnish us with the close parallels to the mise-en-scéne of the Grail stories which we find in their Asiatic prototypes, and I was desirous of simplifying my argument as much as possible.

Finally, I would point out that in the second paragraph of my letter I wrote direct, not different, affiliation. My readers have, doubtless, made the correction for themselves.

.

may help to remove misunderstandings if this examination of Garo marriages begins with a transcript of the exact text of the passage in the Assam Census Report for 1891, on which Sir James Frazer bases his view that “among the Garos marriage with a mother’s brother’s widow appears to be a simple consequence of previous marriage with her daughter.” The text is as follows: “Mr. Teunon informs me of a case in which a man refused to marry the widow who was in this instance a second wife, and not his wife’s own mother; and the old lady then gave herself and her own daughter in marriage to another man. In a dispute regarding the property which followed, the laskar reported that the first man having failed to do his duty, the second was entitled to the greater part of the property.” In this case, therefore, the marriage with the daughter followed as a consequence of the marriage with the widow. This case is described by Sir James Frazer as a case “in which a recalcitrant son-in-law flatly declined to lead his aged mother-in-law to the altar, whereupon the old lady in a huff bestowed not only her own hand but that of her daughter to boot on another man, thus depriving her ungallant son-in-law of an estate and two wives at one fell swoop.” The “plain tale from the hills” may be interpreted in a different manner when we remember that the mother-in-law becomes the chief wife of


text: Folk-Lore/Volume 32/Glastonbury and the Holy Grail


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 COLLECTANEA.

publication of Miss Weston's new volume of Arthurian research From Ritual to Romance, and the summing up of her conclusions represented therein, seem to proclaim the time ripe for a consideration of the Grail Legend in its special connection with the Glastonbury neighbourhood. Miss Weston's theory that the curious details of the Grail pageant arise from actual incidents of long-forgotten ritual—or more properly, ritual forgotten only by the general public—has forced on us the question: is it possible now to point to any place in England as having been at one time an important centre of these rites, and, if so, have we any reason to conclude that Glastonbury might have been, in remote ages, such a centre?

It has so long been the fashion to treat the Glastonbury element in the story as spurious, as a piece of flagrant dishonesty on the part of monks who had adopted a particular legend to serve their own ends, that some little courage is required to suggest a new theory; but there are certain curious and interesting details which it might be profitable to discuss, and it seems to me strange that local legends and evidence of all kinds have been systematically overlooked.

The question is such a vast one that it cannot be fully discussed, and it is hard to know where to begin; but one must, I think, leave out the Christian or pseudo-Christian aspects of the legend altogether—at any rate for the present. It might be convenient to start with the fact that local tradition and old writers give the place three names:—Ynyswytrin, the Glassy Island; Avalon, the Island of Apples; and Glaestingaburgh, or Glastonbury, the last being the Saxon designation, said

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Executive Order 13575

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America and in order to enhance Federal engagement with rural communities, it is hereby ordered as follows:

, June 9, 2011. [FR Doc. 2011–14919 Filed 6–13–11; 11:15 am] Billing Code 3195–W1–P

title: Executive Order 13575


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 ARTHURIAN ROMANCES

Unrepresented in Malory’s

“Morte d’Arthur”

No. VII

[[Sir Gawain and the

Lady of Lys]]


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 ARTHURIAN ROMANCES


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The New International Encyclopædia/Pyra, Immanuel Jakob

PYRA, pẽ'rȧ, (1715-44). A German poet. He was born in Kottbus, studied theology at Halle, where he joined Lange's Dichterbund, and with Lange lived at Laublingen. The two poets published Freundschaftliche Lieder (1746), which, with their delight in friendship and their unrhymed verse, foretell Klopstock. Pyra boldly, and rather pedantically, attacked Gottsched in 1736 with Erweis dass die Gottschedianische Sekte den Geschmack verderbe (1743), and his premature death was partly due to the bitter personalities with which the attack was returned. Consult Wanick, Immanuel Pyra (Leipzig, 1882).


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 Contents


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 Introduction

HE stories contained in the present volume of Arthurian Romances are drawn from the same collection of tales as that from which the first visit of Gawain to the Grail castle, in the preceding volume of the series, is derived. Indeed, the stories follow in close sequence, and a glance at the introductory lines of the Grail visit will show that that adventure is placed immediately after the successful termination of the expedition against Chastel Orguellous, which forms the subject of this volume. These stories practically form three separate tales, and are translated almost entirely from the same MS. as that used for the Grail visit, the fine Perceval codex B.N. 12576. With regard to the second adventure a few words of explanation are necessary.

The relations of Gawain with the lady of Lys, recorded in all the Perceval-Wauchier texts, are as a rule related twice


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x over; in the first instance in the section which, in my Perceval studies, I have called the Brun de Branlant section, as it is devoted to Arthur’s expedition against that recalcitrant noble. Gawain’s meeting with the lady takes place, as he here explains, during the siege. Later on, on the expedition against Chastel Orguellous, related in these pages, Arthur and his knights come all unwittingly to the castle of the lady’s brother, Bran de Lis, and Gawain, realising the position, relates the story of the first meeting.

Now in the best and fullest texts the two versions do not agree—they are, in fact, incapable of being harmonised—and the curious point is that this second version, related by Gawain himself, and included in a collection of tales of which he is the hero, represents his conduct in a distinctly less favourable light. In the Studies above referred to I have entered at length into the question, and have expressed my opinion that this second form is really the older, and owes its somewhat repellent character to the fact that it is a survival of a very early, pre-chivalric stage of tradition. It is worthy of note that the subsequent


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 conduct of both brother and sister is precisely the same in both versions; whether Gawain accepts favours freely proffered, or takes them by force, Bran de Lis is neither more nor less his enemy; whether she wins her heart’s desire, or is the victim of force majeure, his sister is equally Gawain’s devoted amie. But for purposes of translation the versions do not stand on an equal footing; and, these volumes being intended for the general public, I have preferred to follow the later and, undoubtedly, more sympathetic form.

Nor is this to take an undue liberty with the text; we are but following the example set by certain early copyists. Two MSS., B.N. 794 and British Museum Add. 36614, give the story on each occasion in an identical form. Their text, however, is on the whole far less detailed and interesting than that of B.N. 12576. I have therefore, for the terms of Gawain’s recital, and for that only, adopted the version of 794; for the rest the stories are as close a rendering as may be of the text of 12576.

The first story, Kay and the Spit, and the taking of Chastel Orguellous, all part of one and the same expedition, possess a special


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xii interest for us, in that we have in our English Gawayne and Golagros another version of the same tales. Sir Frederick Madden, in his Syr Gawayne, drew attention to this, and gave a brief summary of the French text. It seemed to me that the interest of the story itself, and its connection with our vernacular literature, were sufficient to warrant a full translation being placed at the disposal of English readers. For indeed the interest of these stories is great, and if I be not mistaken, their importance as yet scarcely realised. Since the publication of the last volume of this series we have become aware of certain facts, small in themselves, but weighty in their connection and ensemble, which go to prove that there existed at an early date a collection of poems dealing with the feats of Gawain and his kin, which may be styled The Geste of Syr Gawayne, the authorship of which was ascribed to a certain Bleheris. Of this collection the story in vol. i., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight; the first visit of Sir Gawain to the Grail castle, in vol. vi.; and the stories here given all formed part, while our English Gawain poems are a late and fragmentary survival of the same collection.


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 Judging also from the appearance on the scene of Gawain’s son, Guinglain, and the numerous allusions in Wauchier’s text to the length and importance of the grande conte of which these tales formed a part, it seems most probable that the original collection included a version of the adventures of the hero we know as Sir Libeaus Desconus, whose feats will be found recorded in vol. v. of this series. The English poem there modernised says that the hero was begotten by a forest side, thus apparently identifying him with the child of the picturesque adventure related in these pages. At the same time the adventures summarised by Wauchier—for he gives but little detail concerning Guinglain—do not agree with the English tradition. At a considerably later point of the collection, however, we find the young knight giving his name in terms which accord completely with our poem; on meeting his father,

Which may well refer to the tale we know.


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xiv This is not the place to enter into a discussion of the varying tradition connected with Sir Guinglain; the point of interest is rather the character of the stories with which we are immediately dealing.

There can, I think, be little doubt that whoever was responsible for the Geste of Syr Gawayne, and whether Bleheris, whose name is more than once connected with it, composed, or merely arranged, the poems, they represent a tradition of great poetical force and vitality. The adventure with the sister of Bran de Lis is an admirable story, picturesque, vivid, and full of human interest. Our Syr Gawayne and the Grene Knyghte is notoriously one of the finest of our Mediæval poems. The visit of Sir Gawain to the Grail castle, related in our last volume, yields in dramatic detail and picturesque directness of narration to no other version of that mysterious story. We can well understand that, in its original form, the collection must have been one that appealed forcibly to the imagination of the hearers.

If any one will glance through these stories consecutively, he cannot fail to


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 Paramount Magazine


text:
Author:Anthony Adams Reilly

Works

 * Life and Letters of James David Forbes, oint-author
 * Life and Letters of James David Forbes, oint-author

Works about Reilly

 * Obituary: Mr. A. Adams-Reilly

title: Author:Anthony Adams Reilly


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Introduction realise that the character of the hero is the same throughout. Gawain is unfailingly valiant, generous, and courteous, even, as we see in our final story, to excess. We realise as we read that, as Professor Maynadier, in his Wife of Bath’s Tale, has well pointed out, it is in truth Gawain and not Arthur who was the typical English hero.

Is it too much to ask of the students of Malory, fascinated by the noble style in which he has clothed and disguised the real poverty of his réchauffée, that they should for a short time lay him aside, and turning back to the true Arthurian legend, learn at last to do justice to one of the most gracious and picturesque figures in literature—a figure to which gross injustice has been done—that, rejecting Malory’s libel, they do tardy justice to our own insular hero—for not the most fanatical partisan of the Continental school has ever ventured to claim him—to the true Sir Gawain? Then, perhaps, we may have a demand for his real story, and it may be possible once more to rejoice the hearts of our English folk with a restored and modern


text:
Author:Pat Sullivan

Works

 * Feline Follies

title: Author:Pat Sullivan


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 Paramount Magazine


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The New International Encyclopædia/Lichenin

LICHENIN, lī'kĕn-ĭn. A starch-like body, found in Iceland moss and other lichens, from which it is extracted by digesting the moss in a cold, weak solution of carbonate of soda for some time, and then boiling. By this process the lichenin is dissolved and on cooling separates as a colorless jelly. Iodine imparts no color to it.


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The New International Encyclopædia/Lichens

LICHENS, lī'kĕnz (Lat. lichen, from Gk., leichēn, , lichēn, lichen). A very large group of plants, mostly northern and arctic in their distribution, some of the forms living at the very limits of vegetation. They have generally flat, membranous, or crustaceous bodies, but some forms have branching stalks. Lichens are exceedingly interesting in their structure and life activities, for they are known to be composed of two plants living together (s my ym biosis, q.v.). Every lichen is made up of two elements: (1) colorless threads (filaments); and (2) cells (gonidia) containing green or blue-green pigment. These latter are blue-green (Cyanophyceæ) or green algæ (Chlorophyceæ), and the colorless thready portion is a fungus. The fruit of a lichen is that of an ascomycete fungus, generally a flattened or cup-shaped structure with variously colored lining (black, brown, red, etc.). The colored lining of the cup or disk consists chiefly of the little sacs (asci) which contain the spores. There is a small group of tropical lichens whose fungus constituent is related to the mushrooms (Basidiomycetes). Lichens generally live in exposed situations, where their only source of water is that from rain and fog. This water is used by the algal cells which manufacture organic food in the manner characteristic of all green plants (photosynthesis, q.v.). When the lichen dries up in the sunshine all vegetative activities cease for the time, to be resumed when the plants are again moistened. However, lichens are especially adapted to retain moisture by the gelatinous character of the thallus. There are also present thread-like outgrowths (rhizines) from the fungal part of the plant, which may draw up some water from the substratum, but probably serve chiefly as organs of attachment. The algal portion of a lichen manufactures the organic food that is absorbed by the fungal elements, which bear the same relation to the algal cells as does any parasitic fungus to its host. The fungal portion makes no return at all commensurate with the benefits it receives; indeed, it is well known that the fungus may injure and even destroy the alga. The algæ are really slaves of the fungi, and under such conditions the latter are absolutely dependent upon the former. The algæ are of course perfectly able to take care of themselves, and do actually grow wild on many of the surfaces frequented by lichens. Some of the lichens are conspicuous in the landscape, e.g. many forms in barren highlands among the mountains, and on the rocky shores in the Arctic

The lichen called ‘reindeer moss’ (Cladonia rangiferino) supports imniense herds of reindeer and cattle in the highlands of Norway, and the ‘Iceland moss’ (Cetraria islandica) is eaten by man. Some typical lichens are shown on the accompanying plate.

A lichen-spore can produce a new plant only if it germinates among the cells of a suitable alga. It then proceeds to inclose the algal cells in a web of threads (mycelium) and holds them ever afterwards in slavery. This hehavior has been well established by a number of investigators who have produced artificial lichens by bringing the spores in contact with the proper wild algæ. Groups of algal cells with a portion of the thready body (mycelium) may form scales (‘soredia’) on the surface of the lichen body, and these are capable of reproduction.

For American species, consult Tuckerman, A Synopsis of North American Lichens. See and Colored Plate of with.


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The New International Encyclopædia/Lichfield

LICH′FIELD. An ancient city in Staffordshire, England, a civic county, 15 miles southeast of Stafford (Map:, E 4). Considerable brewing is carried on, together with market gardening and manufacturing of harness, carriages, and carpets. Its chief edifice is the cathedral, a red sandstone building of fine proportions in the early English style, dating from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and occupying a commanding site. Its length is 403 feet; width of transepts, 149 feet; of nave, 65 feet; and height, 60 feet. It is surmounted by three spires, the central spire being 260 feet high, and the two western spires each 190 feet high. Other notable features are the western façade, ornamented with one hundred statues in niches; the triforium, the Lady Chapel, and several fine monuments. The cathedral, formerly surrounded by a wall, was besieged and damaged greatly by the Puritans in 1643. It was restored by Wren, who built the central spire; at the end of the nineteenth century it again underwent a complete restoration. Lichfield has a free grammar-school, in which Addison, Ashmole, Johnson, and Garrick, natives of the town or vicinty, were educated. The market-place contains a colossal statue of Dr. Johnson. Lichfield was made an episcopal see in 669, and received its city charter in 1549. Population, in 1891, 7864; in 1901, 7900. Consult: Britton, History of Lichfield (London, 1836); Beresford, Lichfield (London, 1880).


text: Author:Wilfrid Airy

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The New International Encyclopædia/Lich-gate

LICH-GATE (from lich, AS. līc, OHG. līh, Ger. Leiche, Goth. leik, corpse, body + gate), or . A churchyard gate with a porch or shed attached. Such gates are common in many parts of England. The bodies of persons brought for burial are set down under the shelter of the roof while the service is read.


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The New International Encyclopædia/Lichtenberg

LICHTENBERG, lĭ K 'ten-bĕr K. A residential suburb of Berlin, on the east, practically a part of the capital. Population, in 1890, 22,770; in 1900, 43,372.


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The New International Encyclopædia/Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph

LICHTENBERG, (1742-99). A German physicist and satirist, born at Oberramstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse. He received his first instruction in mathematics and physical studies from his father, and after studying at Göttingen was appointed professor in the University of Göttingen in 1769. At

the end of that year he went to England, where he mingled and studied with many of the leading scientists of his day. The results of his investigations appeared later in numerous discoveries in the field of electricity, of which the most important were the electrical figures named after him. In England he became a frequent visitor to, and student of, the theatre in which Garrick was then a distinguished figure. Moreover, a keen observer by nature and training, in his study of English literature he was soon impressed by the inferiority of the German wit to that of such men as Swift, after whom he later patterned to some extent his own satiric method. After a second visit to England (1774-75), he resumed his lectures on experimental physics at Göttingen. He continued, however, to devote much time to literary pursuits. His keenness of wit and his boundless resources of ridicule resulted in his publication of several well-aimed satires, of which the best known are his Ueber Physiognomik wider die Physiognomen, against the new science of physiognomy of Lavater, and his Ueber die Pronunciation der Schöpse des alten Griechenland, against Voss. From 1778 he edited the Göttingischer Taschenkalender, in which he severely attacked the ‘Storm and Stress’ writers. Here he published in part his articles on Hogarth, whom he did much to popularize in Germany. In the completed work, the Erklärung der Hogarthischen Kupferstiche (1794 et seq.), he gave the most brilliant proof of his critical power, by his clear explanation and interpretation of the English artist's work. In later years he was affected by hypochondria, but, though forced to withdraw from society, continued his studies and writings. His Gedenkbücher, or Diaries, contain interesting maxims, epigrams, and brief essays. Consult Lauchert, Lichtenbergs schriftstellerische Thätigkeit (Göttingen, 1893).


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added note to also check PD-URAA-same-year as that is the better check for works by foreign authors where the work is published in country of origin and the US. — billinghurst  sDrewth  03:32, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

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Public Law 112-16

 * Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

{{SECTION|SEC. 1.|SECTION 1}}. SHORT TITLE.

 * This Act may be cited as the “Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2011, Part II”.

{{SECTION|SEC. 2.|SECTION 2}}. EXTENSION OF TAXES FUNDING AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND.

 * (a) .—
 * Subparagraph (B) of section 4081(d)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “May 31, 2011” and inserting “June 30, 2011”.

 * (b) .—
 * (1) PERSONS.—Clause (ii) of section 4261(j)(1)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking “May 31, 2011” and inserting “June 30, 2011”.

 * (2) PROPERTY.—Clause (ii) of section 4271(d)(1)(A) of such Code is amended by striking “May 31, 2011” and inserting “June 30, 2011”.

 * (c) .—
 * The amendments made by this section shall take effect on June 1, 2011.

{{SECTION|SEC. 3.|SECTION 3}}. EXTENSION OF AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND EXPENDITURE AUTHORITY.

 * (a) .—
 * Paragraph (1) of section 9502(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—

 * (1) by striking “June 1, 2011” and inserting “July 1, 2011”; and

 * (2) by inserting “or the Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2011, Part II” before the semicolon at the end of subparagraph (A).

 * (b) .—
 * Paragraph (2) of section 9502(e) of such Code is amended by striking “June 1, 2011” and inserting “July 1, 2011”.

 * (c) .—
 * The amendments made by this section shall take effect on June 1, 2011.

{{SECTION|SEC. 4.|SECTION 4}}. EXTENSION OF AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM.

 * (a) .—

 * (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 48103 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking paragraph (8) and inserting the following:

 * “(8) $2,636,250,000 for the 9-month period beginning on October 1, 2010.”.

 * (2) OBLIGATION OF AMOUNTS.—Subject to limitations specified in advance in appropriation Acts, sums made available pursuant to the amendment made by paragraph (1) may be obligated at any time through September 30, 2011, and shall remain available until expended.

 * (3) PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION.—For purposes of calculating funding apportionments and meeting other requirements under sections 47114, 47115, 47116, and 47117 of title 49, United States Code, for the 9-month period beginning on October 1, 2010, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall—

 * (A) first calculate funding apportionments on an annualized basis as if the total amount available under section 48103 of such title for fiscal year 2011 were $3,515,000,000; and

 * (B) then reduce by 15 percent—

 * (i) all funding apportionments calculated under subparagraph (A); and

 * (ii) amounts available pursuant to sections 47117(b) and 47117(f)(2) of such title.

 * (b) .—
 * Section 47104(c) of such title is amended by striking “May 31, 2011,” and inserting “June 30, 2011,”.

{{SECTION|SEC. 5.|SECTION 5}}. EXTENSION OF EXPIRING AUTHORITIES.

 * (a) Section 40117(l)(7) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking “June 1, 2011.” and inserting “July 1, 2011.”.

 * (b) Section 44302(f)(1) of such title is amended—

 * (1) by striking “May 31, 2011,” and inserting “June 30, 2011,”; and

 * (2) by striking “August 31, 2011,” and inserting “September 30, 2011,”.

 * (c) Section 44303(b) of such title is amended by striking “August 31, 2011,” and inserting “September 30, 2011,”.

 * (d) Section 47107(s)(3) of such title is amended by striking “June 1, 2011.” and inserting “July 1, 2011.”.

 * (e) Section 47115(j) of such title is amended by striking “June 1, 2011,” and inserting “July 1, 2011,”.

 * (f) Section 47141(f) of such title is amended by striking “May 31, 2011.” and inserting “June 30, 2011.”.

 * (g) Section 49108 of such title is amended by striking “May 31, 2011,” and inserting “June 30, 2011,”.

 * (h) Section 161 of the Vision 100-Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act (49 U.S.C. 47109 note) is amended by striking “June 1, 2011,” and inserting “July 1, 2011,”.

 * (i) Section 186(d) of such Act (117 Stat. 2518) is amended by striking “June 1, 2011,” and inserting “July 1, 2011,”.

 * (j) The amendments made by this section shall take effect on June 1, 2011.

Approved May 31, 2011.

Legislative History

 * CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 157 (2011)
 * May 23, Passed House by voice vote
 * May 24, Passed Senate by Unanimous Consent
 * May 24, Passed Senate by Unanimous Consent

title: Public Law 112-16


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The Second Coming

 * The Second Coming, a poem by William Butler Yeats
 * The second coming, a poem by Ella Wheeler Wilcox

title: The Second Coming


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These poems, written under the immediate stress of great events by those who have banded themselves together under the name of The Vigilantes, furnish a striking record of the emotional reactions of the American people during the fortnight preceding and the six weeks following the declaration of war. They are presented to the public in the belief that men and women in every corner of the Union will find reflected in them some of the love and aspiration they themselves are experiencing for their re-discovered country.


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The Pendulum

 * The Pendulum, a short story by Ray Bradbury
 * The Pendulum, a short story by O. Henry
 * The pendulum, a poem by Ella Wheeler Wilcox

title: The Pendulum


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 of the church of Rome, in such hands as he left it, was in, compatible with monarchy, he took no pains to change Facilidas's known sentiments, of to render him favourable to the Roman faith, or to name another of his sons to succeed him whom he found to be more so.

Jesuits, considering only the catastrophe, and unmindful of the strenuous efforts made to establish their religion during his whole reign, have traduced his character as that of an apostate, for giving way to the universal demand of his people to have their ancient form of worship restored when his army had deserted him, and he himself was dying of old age. But every impartial man will admit, that the step he took, of abdicating his sovereignty over a people who had abjured the religion he had introduced among them, was, in his circumstances, the noblest action of his life, and just the reverse of apostacy.

resignation of the crown, and his tenacious persevering in the Catholic faith, together with the moderation of his son, the prince Facilidas, in appointing a regency to govern, rather than to mount the throne himself during his father's life, are three facts which we know to be true from the Abyssinian annals, and which the Jesuits have endeavoured to suppress, that they might the more easily blacken the character both of the father and the son.

have pretended that it was the queen, and other ladies at court, who by their influence seduced the king from the Catholic religion. But Socinios was then past seventy, and the queen near sixty, and he had no other wives or mistresses. To judge, moreover, by his behaviour in the affair


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 continued to fulfil for the succeeding thirty years. He was also appointed Recorder, and filled other offices in the city. Under date 16th April 1697, he bitterly complains to the Lord-Lieutenant of the manner in which the city and its defenders had been treated by Government–"lying to this day in misery and rubbish, for its great zeal to his present Majesty and Government, when it might have had any conditions could be asked from the late King, if it would have surrendered." Mr. Cairnes died in 1722, aged about 77, and was buried, with all honours, in the Cathedral Churchyard of the city.

Cairnes, John Elliott, LL.D., a distinguished political economist, was born at Castlebellingham, 26th December 1823. After leaving school, he spent some time in his father's counting-house, but was eventually permitted to follow his natural bent, and enter Trinity College. In 1851 he took the degree of M.A. He engaged in the study of law, and was called to the Irish Bar. He does not appear to have felt much inclination for the legal profession, and during some years occupied himself to a large extent with contributions to the daily press, chiefly relating to various Irish social and economic questions. Political economy he studied with great thoroughness and care; this led to a friendship with Archbishop Whately, and in 1856 he was appointed to the professorship of Political Economy founded in Trinity College by that prelate. In 1857 appeared his Character and Logical Method of Political Economy, which forms a most admirable introduction to the study of economics as a science. Able articles in Frazer's Magazine and the Edinburgh Review on the gold question as relating to prices, next occupied his attention. In 1861 he was appointed to the professorship of Political Economy and Jurisprudence in the Queen's College, Galway. From the first he took much interest in the American civil war of 1861-'5, and combated Confederate sympathies by the publication of The Slave Power in 1862, a work that rapidly went through two editions, and had considerable influence in modifying opinion in the United Kingdom. The Encyclopcedia Britannica styles it "one of the finest specimens of applied economical philosophy." His health, at no time very good, was further weakened, about 1863, by a fall from his horse; and an acutely painful malady gradually crept over him, that ultimately rendered physical exertion impossible. As his friend Mr. Fawcett writes: "The courage of the battle-field sinks almost into insignificance compared with the heroism which enabled Mr. Cairnes, through long years of hopeless pain, to keep up a constant cheerfulness, and to use the great powers of his mind to add by his writings to the knowledge and well-being of mankind." In 1866 he was appointed to a professorship in University College, London. He spent the session of 1868-'9 in Italy. His health soon rendered it impossible further to discharge public duties, and he resigned his post in 1872, retiring with the honorary title of Emeritus Professor of Political Economy. Next year the Dublin University conferred on him the degree of LL.D. The last years of his life were spent in the collection and publication of papers contributed to various reviews and magazines, and in the preparation of his great work, published in 1874—Some Leading Principles of Political Economy Newly Expounded—"beyond doubt a worthy successor to the great treatises of Smith, Malthus, Ricardo, and Mill … While in fundamental harmony with Mill, especially as regards the general conception of the science, Cairnes differs from him to a greater or less extent on nearly all the cardinal doctrines, subjects his opinions to a searching examination, and generally succeeds in giving to the truth that is common to both, a firmer basis, and more precise statement … Taken as a whole, the works of Cairnes form the most important contribution to economical science made by the English school since the publication of J. S. Mill's Principles." It may be added that the friendship between Mill and Cairnes was warm and intimate. A careful summing up of the results of these contributions will be found in the last Encyclopcedia Britannica, showing the advances in economic doctrine established by him, in (1) his exposition of the province and method of political economy; (2) his analysis of cost of production in its relation to value; (3) his exposition of the natural or social limit to free competition, and of its bearing on the theory of value; (4) his defence of the wages fund doctrine. Professor Cairnes died in London, 8th July 1875, aged 51, and was interred at Willesden.

Caldwell, Hume, Colonel, son of Sir James Caldwell of Castlecaldwell, was born in 1735. A soldier of fortune, he entered the Austrian service as a private, and rose by his bravery and devotion to the rank of colonel. He died of a wound received at Olmutz, 19th August 1762. A lengthened account of his career is given by Ryan.  68


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The Lily of the Valley

 * The Lily of the Valley, work by Honoré de Balzac, translated by Katharine Prescott Wormeley
 * The Lily of the Valley, a poem by Paul Laurence Dunbar
 * The Lily of the Valley, a poem by Letitia Elizabeth Landon, in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1836.
 * The Lily of the Valley, a poem by Eliza Jane Stephens

title: The Lily of the Valley


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 Calhoun, Patrick, an early American settler, was born in Ireland in 1727. He left Ireland with his parents in early life and settled in Virginia, and afterwards in the interior of South Carolina, then a wilderness. He and his family suffered severely during the war with the French and the Indians. Shortly after the peace of 1763 he was elected a member of the provincial legislature, and continued a member of that and afterwards of the state legislature (with the intermission of a single term) till his death in 1796. In the war of the Revolution he took an early, decided, and active part against the British. His son John Caldwell Calhoun (born in South Carolina in 1782, died at Washington 1850) was Vice-President of the United States from 1825 to 1833, and held other important offices, and was undoubtedly the ablest and most uncompromising champion of slavery and the slave power in his day.

Callaghan or Kellachan, King of Cashel, reigned some ten years, dying in 952. He is worthy of notice from the interesting account Keating gives of his capture and imprisonment by Sitric, Scandinavian King of Dublin. Sitric lured him to Dublin with promises of the hand of his sister. There he was seized and sent in chains to Armagh. Cennedigh, son of Lorcan, a powerful prince, immediately mustered both land and sea forces to proceed to his release. A fierce encounter ensued at Dundalk, and Callaghan, found bound on one of Sitric's ships in the bay, was released. On Cennedigh and Callaghan's return to Munster, they wreaked vengeance upon the Ard-Righ and other Irish princes who had connived at, and indeed advised, Callaghan's capture. According to another account, it was by Muircheartach, King of Aileach, that Callaghan was imprisoned for a time with other Irish kings. As Keating says, "He returned to Aileach, carrying these kings with him, and they were for nine months feasting there."

Callan, Nicholas, D.D., Professor of Natural Philosophy in Maynooth College, was born at Dromiskin, in the County of Louth, in 1799. He entered college in 1817, and remained there till his death, a period of forty-seven years. Much of his leisure was devoted to the translation into English of works of piety, particularly those of St. Liguori, Remarkable for his unassuming manners, he endeared himself to all, especially to the students of the college, who entertained towards him the most affectionate reverence. He died at Maynooth in 1864, aged about 65.

Callanan, James Joseph, a poet, was born in Cork in 1795. Intended for the priesthood, he entered at Maynooth; but finding that he had no vocation for the Church, he left the college in 1816, and became a tutor in his native city. Subsequently he entered Trinity College with a view to legal studies, a course he also soon abandoned. His resources being completely exhausted, he enlisted, and was upon the point of sailing to Malta with his regiment, the 18th Royal Irish, when some friends bought him out. In 1823 he became an assistant in the school of Dr. Maginn at Cork, where he remained only a few months; but through Maginn's introduction he became a contributor to Blackwood and other magazines. During six years, and up to 1829, he spent most of his time in rambling through the country, collecting old ballads and legends, and giving them a new dress in a new tongue. His health began to fail, however, a warmer climate appeared desirable, and early in 1829 he became tutor in the family of an Irish gentleman at Lisbon. In a few months it is stated that he acquired sufficient of the language to make translations from Portuguese poetry. He also set about preparing his writings for publication in a collected form. His health, however, daily declined, and after a fruitless effort to gather strength for the voyage home, he died 19th September 1829, aged 33. Mr. Waller writes of him in these words: "Thoroughly acquainted with the romantic legends of his country, he was singularly happy in the graces and power of language, and the feeling and beauty of his sentiments. There is in his compositions little of that high classicality which marks the scholar; but they are full of exquisite simplicity and tenderness, and in his description of natural scenery he is unrivalled. His lines on Gougane Barra are known to every tourist that visits the romantic regions of the south of Ireland, and his longer poems possess great merit." Allibone styles this poem " the most perfect perhaps of all Irish minor poems in the melody of its rhythm, the flow of its language, and the weird force of its expressions."

Campbell, Alexander, D.D., was born in the County of Antrim, June 1786, and was educated for the ministry at Glasgow University. His father, Thomas, a relative and class-mate of Thomas Campbell the poet, was a Presbyterian minister, and emigrated to the United States in 1807. Two years later, Alexander followed and took up his residence near Bethany, in western Virginia. At first a Presbyterian 69


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 king assented to this, and Amdo was accordingly delivered up; and, being convicted of rebellion and murder, he was sentenced to be nailed to a cross, and to remain there till he died. But the terrible cries and groans which he made while they were fixing him to the cross, so much shocked the ears of the king, that he ordered him to be taken down, and his head struck off with an ax, which was executed in the midst of the camp.

after this retired to Dancaz, and ordered Kefla governor of Gojam, and Jonael his master of the household, to march suddenly and surprise Belaya, a country belonging to the Gongas and Cuba, Pagan nations, on whom, every year, he made war for the sake of taking slaves for the use of the palace. These two officers, with a large body, mostly horse, fell unawares upon the savages at Belaya, slaying part, and bringing away their children. But not content with doing this, they likewise attacked the two districts of Agows, Dengui and Sankara, then in peace with the king, and drove away an immense number of cattle, which the king no sooner heard, than he ordered a strict search to be made, and the whole cattle belonging to the Agows to be gathered together, and restored to their respective owners; a piece of justice which softened the hearts of this people more than all the severities that had been hitherto used; and the good effects of which were soon after seen upon the Agows, though it produced something very different in the conduct of Jonael.

king this year, 1616, left his capital at the usual time, in the month of November, and ordered his whole household to attend him. His intention was against the Galla on the


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xvi rendering of the Geste of Syr Gawayne, even as Bleheris told it well nigh a thousand years ago. If that day ever come neither author nor hero will need any apology on the part of the translator!

, February 1907.


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 Sir Gawain and The Lady of Lys


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 which separates it from the sea; of which ample mention has been already made in the beginning of this history.

was to turn them to Cape Gardefan, the longest journey they could possibly make by land, and in the middle of their enemies; whereas the direction of the coast of the Indian Ocean running greatly to the westward, and towards Melinda, was the shortest journey they could make by land. Melinda, too, had many rich merchants, who, though Moors, did yet traffic in the Portuguese settlements on the coast of Malabar, and had little intelligence or concern with the religious disputes which raged in Abyssinia.

, I very much doubt whether this nearest route could be accomplished, at least by travellers, such as Fecur Egzie, Fernandes, and their companions, all ignorant of the language, and, therefore, constantly at the discretion of interpreters, and the malice or private views of different people through whose hands they must have pasted.

Benero, having thus provided against the dangers with which his state was threatened, if our travellers went by Melinda, made them a present of fifty crusades of gold for the necessaries of their journey; and, as their way lay through the small state of Gingiro, and an ambassador from the sovereign of that state was then at Narea, he dispatched that minister in great haste, recommending the Portuguese to his protection so long as they should be in his territory.

and his company set out with the ambassador of Gingiro in a direction due east; and the first day they arrived at a post of Narea, where was the officer who was


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 CHAPTER I

BREAKFAST EN ROUTE

", Bob, did you see that? Oh, we've passed it, and you were looking the other way. It was a cowboy. At least he looked just like the pictures. And he was waving at the train."

Betty Gordon, breakfasting in the dining-car of the Western Limited, smiled happily at Bob Henderson, seated on the opposite side of the table. This was her first long train trip, and she meant to enjoy every angle of it.

"I wonder what kind of cowboy you'd make, Bob?" Betty speculated, studying the frank, boyish face of her companion. "You'd have to be taller, I think."

"But not much thinner," observed Bob cheerfully. "Skinny cowboys are always in demand, Betty. They do more work. Well, what do you know about that!" He broke off his speech abruptly and stared at the table directly behind Betty. Rh


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User talk:Honesttheodora

Writer Myoma Myint Kywe
Writer Myoma Myint Kywe's own name is U Myint Kywe. He was born on Thursday, the 14th of April 1960 in Yangon, parents: Myoma U Than Kywe and Daw Ahmar (a) Daw Myint Myint Win. U Myint Kywe, M.Ed., D.M.E., D.T (Passed with Credit) is a bona-fide member of Myanmar Writers and Journalists Association. He began to work as a Writer since 1989. “Myoma” is not part of his given name but is an honorific. He was a student leader of Myoma National school. So he used his pen name is “Myoma Myint Kywe”.

“Myoma” meaning is a name of very famous first national high school in Rangoon since 1920. Almost well known prime minister, politicians, democracy leaders, human rights activists, ministers, generals, nationalists, writers, medical specialists, engineers, artists, sport men, actors, actress, merchants and senior top officers etc were came from Myoma national school. No.2 Basic Education High School Dagon Township was formerly well known as “Myoma” National Boy's High School. No.3 Basic Education High School Dagon Township was formerly well known as “Myoma” National Girl's High School. In the 1920s national schools were opened across the whole Burma with the purpose of implementing the national education objectives with patriotism. Only with the strong effort of U Ba Lwin, the first headmaster of the Myoma National School and Bagan Set U Thaw, Chairman of the Myoma National school and the parents' donation, could the school be successfully completed. Myoma national schools first born out of the national freedom struggle together with national education and national spirit. Myoma school was the first-born all National High School in Burma. The foundation of Myoma school began in 1920. Myoma school gained recognition in the course of Burma history and Burma national education sector.

Myoma Myint Kywe traveled to many countries such as Thailand, Singapore, China, Japan, Germany, England etc., between 1987 to 1993. He attended courses and also gave lectures while abroad. He wrote about 150 books on culture, sociology and education.

"Myoma Sayagyi U Ba Lwin (or) Beginner of National Education" and "Special Remarkable Notes of Myanmar Culture and Notes on Youth Affairs" are the famous and the bestsellers of his books.

He was awarded; (1) Japanese Karate Kumite Champion and First prize for 1978 in Rangoon (Yangon) (2) Asia Buddhist Literature Prize for 1989 in Singapore (3) National Manuscript (Belles-Letters) First Prize for 2003 in Burma (Myanmar) (4) Myanmar Culture and Fine Arts Literature Prize for 2005 in Burma (Myanmar) etc.

He has also received United Nations Geneva's PEN PRIZE for his book "Special Remarkable Notes of Myanmar Culture and Notes on Youth Affairs" in 2007. His earlier profession was a chief instructor of Soshiki Karate International. He is a highly acclaimed writer and historian in Burma. He is a descendant of a highly distinguished family in Burma (Myanmar). He and his family possess excellent moral character and inherits good reputation from his ancestors in Burma (Myanmar).

His grandfather U Thaw (His well known name is Bagan Set- U Thaw).U Thaw, first inventor and owner of Myanmar Plate and Dish Manufacturing Factory. U Thaw was a philanthropist who was awarded the royal title (TPS) and First Class Magistrate of Burma and as a Justified Mayor between 1918 and 1940 by the British Government as well as the title of Nainghangonyee First class title by the Government of Burma in 1980. His charities also helped provided food and any material assistance for many Burmese needed people in Burma between 1914 and 1980. Then U Thaw is first Inventor and first owner of plate and dish manufacturing factory in Burma 1921. U Thaw was elected and appointed as Burmese senior senator by British Empire in 1923.

Similarly, His father was Myoma U Than Kywe, a leader and one of the delegates who attended 1947 Pinlon National conference together with our national leader General Aung San. He is an independent leader from Burma (1938-1948). He was a pioneer about free of charges study for basic education in Burma 1946-1947. He participated in Burma struggle against the bureaucracy, colonialism and facism for Burma's independence between 1938 to 1948. He was vice chairman of the Rangoon University Students Union and vice chairman of the all Burma students Union. He was also the chairman of the Rangoon Student Union and Myoma National student union. (Myoma U Than Kywe was a colleague of National Leader General Aung San, who was the father of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi). His father and his grandfather were well known as "political leaders and human rights leaders" between First World War and 1962 in Burma.

They struggle against to "ISM" only. They never attack personally. His family are respected, obeyed and participated on pure democracy and human rights in Burma. He and his family always dislike about dictatorship, hypocrisy, bureaucracy and licensed to kill lawlessly with cruelly. He and his family dislike to every above wrong policy makers based on dictatorship. Then they always do not like worst actions, oppress to people, trick to people, persecute to people, victim of torture, inhumanity, abuse human rights and imitative action. He and his family dislike and against to "ISM" only,never attack to the people personally. He and his family never took part in any violation with crime. He and his ancestors like and obey by Mahatma Gandhi's peaceful philosophy of non violence. As a descendant of a prominent political family, He was automatically disliked by the Burma military authorities..Burmese writers: Aung San Suu Kyi, Chit Maung, Dagon Khin Khin Lay, Hmawbi Saya Thein, Htin Aung, James Hla Kyaw, Journal Kyaw Ma Ma Lay, Khin Hnin Yu, Khin Khin Htoo, Khin Myo Chit, Ludu Daw Amar, Ludu U Hla, Mg Khin Min (Danuphyu), Min Thu Wun, Minfong Ho, Mya Than Tint, Myoma Myint Kywe, P Moe Nin, Pascal Khoo Thwe, Pe Maung Tin, Richard Bartholomew, San San Nweh, Saw Wai, Saya Zawgyi, Taw Phayar Galay, Tekkatho Phone Naing, Thakin Kodaw Hmaing, Thein Pe Myint, Theippan Maung Wa, Thukha, Tin Moe, U Ottama and U Pho Kyar were famous in Burma. Burmese Historians: Ba Shin, Than Tun, Thant Myint-U, Htin Aung, Sao Saimong, Myoma Myint Kywe ,and San C. Po were famous in Burma

His e-mail is myomamyintkywe@gmail.com

Myoma Myint Kywe’s references

1. http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/NLM-2004/Nov04/enlm/Nov23_rg4.html

2. http://missions.itu.int/~myanmar/04nlm/n041123.htm#Winners%20of%20 Sarpay%20Beikman%20Manuscript%20Award%20announced

3. http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/NLM-2004/Dec04/enlm/Dec13_h3.html --Honesttheodora (talk) 05:35, 11 June 2011 (UTC) --Honesttheodora (talk) 05:35, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Honesttheodora


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2 Betty paid little attention to his silence. She was busy with her own thoughts, and now, pouring golden cream into her coffee, voiced one of them.

"I'm glad we're going to Oklahoma," she announced. "I think it is heaps more fun to stop before you get to the other side of the continent. I want to see what is in the middle. The Arnolds, you know, went direct to California, and now they'll probably never know what kind of country takes up the space between Pineville and Los Angeles. Of course they saw some of it from the train, but that isn't like getting off and staying. Is it, Bob?"

"I suppose not," agreed Bob absently. "Betty Gordon," he added with a change of tone, "is that coffee you're drinking?"

Betty nodded guiltily.

"When I'm traveling," she explained in her defense, "I don't see why I can't drink coffee for breakfast. And when I'm visiting—that's the only two times I take it. Bob."

Bob had been minded to read her a lecture on the evils of coffee drinking for young people, but his gaze wandered again to the table behind Betty, and his scientific protest remained unspoken.

"For goodness sake. Bob," complained Betty, "what can you be staring at?"


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 the king, retreating towards Dembea, passed the Nile near Dara, and encamped at Zinzenam, whence he marched round the lake into Dembea to his palace at Gorgora.

village, whose name signifies rain upon rain, affords us a proof of what I have said in speaking of the cause of the overflowing of the Nile, in contradiction to the Adulitic inscription, that no snow falls in Abyssinia, or rather, that though snow may have fallen in the course of centuries, it is a phenomenon so rare as not to have a name or word to express it in the whole language, and is entirely unknown to the people in general, at least to the well of the Tacazze.

Abyssinian historian, from whom these memoirs are composed, says, "That this village, called Zinzenam, has its name from an extraordinary circumstance that once happened in these parts, for a shower of rain fell, which was not properly of the nature of rain, as it did not run upon the ground, but remained very light, having scarce the weight of feathers, of a beautiful white colour like flour; it fell in showers, and occasioned a darkness in the air more than rain, and liker to mist. It covered the face of the whole country for several days, retaining its whiteness the whole time, then went away like dew, without leaving any smell or unwholesome effect behind it. was certainly the accidental phaenomenon of a day; for, notwithstanding the height of the mountains Taranta and Lamalmon, snow never was seen there, at least for ages past; and Lasta, in whose mountains armies have perished by cold, as far as a very particular inquiry could go, never yet had snow upon them; and Zinzenam is not in these


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Rh "Don't turn around," cautioned Bob in a low tone. "When we go back to our car I'll tell you all about it."

Bob gave his attention more to his breakfast after this, and seemed anxious to keep Betty from asking any more questions. He noticed a package of flat envelopes lying under her purse and asked if she had letters she wished mailed.

"Those aren't letters," answered Betty, taking them out and spreading them on the cloth for him to see. "They're flower seeds, Bob. Hardy flowers."

"You haven't planned your garden yet, have you?" cried the astonished boy. "When you haven't the first idea of the kind of place you're going to live in? Your uncle wrote, you know, that living in Flame City was so simplified people didn't take time to look around for rooms or a house—they took whatever they could get, sure that that was all there was. How do you know you'll have a place to plant a garden?"

Betty buttered another roll.

"I'm not planning for a garden," she said mildly. "You're going to help me plant these seeds, and we're going to do it right after breakfast—just as soon as we can get out on the observation platform."

Bob stared In bewilderment.

"I read a story once," said Betty with


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4 irrelevance. "It was about some woman who traveled through a barren country, mile after mile. She was on an accommodation train, too, or perhaps it was before they had good railroad service. And every so often her fellow-passengers saw that she threw something out of the window. They couldn't see what it was, and she never told them. But the next year, when some of these same passengers made that trip again, the train rolled through acres and acres of the most gorgeous red poppies. The woman had been scattering the seed. She said, whether she ever rode over that ground again or not, she was sure some of the seeds would sprout and make the waste places beautiful for travelers."

"I should think it would take a lot of seed," said the practical Bob, his eyes following two men who were leaving the dining-car. "Did you get poppies, too?"

"Yellow and red ones," declared Betty. "The dealer said they were very hardy, and, anyway, I do want to try, Bob. We've been through such miles of prairie, and it's so deadly monotonous. Even if none of my seed grows near the railroad, the wind may carry some off to some lonely farm home and then they'll give the farmer's wife a gay surprise. Let's fling the seed from the observation car, shall we?"

"All right; though I must say I don't think a


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Rh bit of it will grow," said Bob. "But first, come back into our coach with me; I want to tell you about those two men who sat back of you."

"Is that what you were staring about?" demanded Betty, as they found their seats and Bob picked up his camera preparatory to putting in a new roll of film. "I wondered why you persisted in looking over my shoulder so often."

Bob Henderson's boyish face sobered and unconsciously his chin hardened a little, a sure sign that he was a bit worried.

"I don't know whether you noticed them or not," he began. "They went out of the diner a few minutes ahead of us. One is tall with gray hair and wears glasses, and the other is thin, too, but short and has very dark eyes. No glasses. They're both dressed in gray—hats, suits, socks, ties—everything."

"No, I didn't notice them," said Betty dryly. "But you seem to have done so."

"I couldn't help hearing what they said," explained Bob. "I was up early this morning, trying to read, and they were talking in their berths. And when I was getting my shoes shined before breakfast, they were awaiting their turn, and they kept it right up. I suppose because I'm only a boy they think it isn't worth while to be careful."


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6 "But what have they done?" urged Betty impatiently.

"I don't know what they've done," admitted Bob. "I'll tell you what I think, though. I think they're a pair of sharpers, and out to take any money they can find that doesn't have to be earned."

"Why, Bob Henderson, how you do talk!" Betty reproached him reprovingly. "Do you mean to say they would rob anybody?"

"Well, probably not through a picked lock, or a window In the dead of night," answered Bob. "But taking money that isn't rightfully yours can not be called by a very pleasant name, you know. Mind you, I don't say these men are dishonest, but judging from what I overheard they lack only the opportunity.

"They're going to Oklahoma, too, and that's what interested me when I first heard them," he went on. "The name attracted my attention, and then the older one went on to talk about their chances of getting the best of some one in the oil fields.

"'The way to work it,' he said, 'is to get hold of a woman farm-owner; some one who hasn't any men folks to advise her or meddle with her property. Ten to one she won't have heard of the oil boom, or if she has, it's easy enough to pose as a government expert and tell her her


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Rh land is worthless for oil. We'll offer her a good price for it for straight farming, and we'll have the old lady grateful to us the rest of her life.'

"If that doesn't sound like the scheming of a couple of rascals, I miss my guess," concluded Bob. "You see the trick, don't you, Betty? They'll take care to find a farm that's right in the oil section, and then they'll bully and persuade some timid old woman into selling her farm to them for a fraction of its worth."

"Can't you expose 'em?" said Betty vigorously. "Tell the oil men about them! I guess there must be people who would know how to keep such men from doing business. What are you going to do about it, Bob?"

The boy looked at her in admiration.

"You believe in action, don't you?" he returned. "You see, we can't really do anything yet, because, so far as we know, the men have merely talked their scheme over. If people were arrested for merely plotting, the world might be saved a lot of trouble, but free speech would be a thing of the past. As long as they only talk, Betty, we can't do a thing."

"Here those men come now, down the aisle," whispered Betty excitedly. "Don't look up—pretend to be fixing the camera."

Bob obediently fumbled with the box, while Betty gazed detachedly across the aisle. The


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8 two men glanced casually at them as they passed, opened the door of the car, and went on into the next coach.

"They're going to the smoker," guessed Bob, correctly as it proved. "I'm going to follow them, Betty, and see if I can hear any more. Perhaps there will be something definite to report to the proper authorities. From what Mr. Littell told us, the oil-field promoters would like all the crooks rounded up. They're the ones that hurt the name of reputable oil stocks. You don't care if I go, do you?"

"I did want you to help me scatter seeds," confessed Betty candidly. "However, go ahead, and I'll do it myself. Lend me the camera, and I'll take my sweater and stay out a while. If I'm not here when you come back, look for me out on the observation platform."

Bob hurried after the two possible sharpers, and Betty went through the train till she came to the last platform, railed in and offering the comforts of a porch to those passengers who did not mind the breeze. This morning it was deserted, and Betty was glad, for she wanted a little time to herself.


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 4 there is no prince in this world equal to ye in valour or in honour, therefore should ye be very joyful!"

The king made answer courteously, "Fair nephew, an I may be joyful I will tell ye truly that whereon I thought. There is no king living on earth who hath had such good and such great service from his men as I; it seemeth to me now right and fitting that I should give to them that which they have deserved for the toil they have suffered for me, whereby I be come to such high estate. Fair nephew, I bethought me that my riches would avail little if through sloth I failed to reward the good service of these my knights, who have made me everywhere to be obeyed and honoured. Now without delay will I tell ye that I am minded to hold, at Pentecost, a far greater court than is my wont, and to give to each and all such gifts as shall be well pleasing to them, so that each may be glad and joyful, and ever hereafter of good will towards me."

Swiftly, and before all the others, Sir Gawain made answer, "Fair Sire, blessed be the thought into which ye have fallen, for 'tis so fair and so good that neither


text: Betty Gordon in the Land of Oil/Chapter 1


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 the Lady of Lys kaiser nor king nor count might think a better."

And the king asked, "Nephew, tell me straightway where do ye counsel that this my court be held?"

"Sire, at Carnarvon; there let all your knighthood assemble, for there is not in all your kingdom a fairer place, nor nobler halls, and it lieth in the marches of Wales, and of the land of Britain."

The king and all his company rode back joyfully, and that selfsame night did the king Arthur give command that all the knights and all the barons thoughout the land should be summoned by letter to come to him at Pentecost.

That great knighthood came thither, that famous knighthood came thither, even so have I heard, and assembled for this court at Carnarvon.

Ah God! from what far-off lands did they come. Thither were come the men of Ireland, and of Scotland, of Iceland, of Wales, and of Galvoie (a land where many a man goeth astray). From Logres they came, and from Escavalon; men of Norway, Bretons, Danes, and they of Orcanie. Never was so great a knighthood


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 CHAPTER II

THINKING BACKWARD

leaned over the rail, flinging the contents of the seed packets into the air and breathing a little prayer that the wind might carry them far and that none might "fall on stony ground."

"If I never see the flowers, some one else may," she thought. "I remember that old lady who lived in Pineville, poor blind Mrs. Tompkins. She was always telling about the pear orchard she and her husband planted the first year of their married life out in Ohio. Then they moved East, and she never saw the trees. 'But somebody has been eating the pears these twenty years,' she used to say. I hope my flowers grow for some one to see."

When she had tossed all the seeds away, Betty snuggled into one of the comfortable reed chairs and gave herself up to her own thoughts. Since leaving Washington, the novelty and excitement of the trip had thoroughly occupied her mind, and there had been little time for retrospection.

This bright morning, as the prairie land slipped past the train, Betty Gordon's mind swiftly Rh


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 EARKEN to me and ye shall hear how the good King Arthur and his knights went forth to the wood for archery, and how at vesper-tide they gat them homeward right joyfully.

The knights rode gaily ahead, holding converse the one with the other, and behind them came the king, on a tall and prancing steed. He ware no robe of state, but a short coat, which became him right well.

Behind all his men he rode, pensive and frowning, as one lost in thought. And as he thus lagged behind Sir Gawain looked back, and saw the king riding alone and pensive, and he bade his comrades draw rein and wait for their lord. And as the king came anigh he drew his steed beside him, and stretched out his hand, laughing, and laid hold on the bridle, and said, "Sire, tell us, for the love of God, of what ye may now be thinking? Sire, your thoughts should be of naught but good, for


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10 the incidents of the last few months and marveled at the changes brought about in a comparatively short time. She was an orphan, this dark-eyed girl of thirteen, and, having lost her mother two years after her father's death, had turned to her only remaining relative, an uncle, Richard Gordon. How he came to her in the little town of Pineville, her mother's girlhood home, and arranged to send her to spend the summer on a farm with an old school friend of his has been told in the first volume of this series, entitled "Betty Gordon at Bramble Farm; or, The Mystery of a Nobody." At Bramble Farm Betty had met Bob Henderson, a lad a year or so older than herself and a ward from the county poorhouse. The girl and boy had become fast friends, and when Bob learned enough of his mother's family to make him want to know all and in pursuit of that knowledge had fled to Washington, it seemed providential that Betty's uncle should also be in the capital so that she, too, might journey there.

That had been her first "real traveling," mused Betty, recalling her eagerness to discover new worlds. Bob had been the first to leave the farm, and Betty had made the trip to Washington alone. This morning she vividly remembered every detail of the day-long journey and especially of the warm reception that awaited her at


text:
To My Mother

 * "To My Mother", a poem by Anne Lynch Botta
 * "Sonnet, to my Mother", a poem by Felicia Hemans", as Felicia Dorothea Browne, 1808.
 * "To My Mother", a poem by Felicia Hemans, as Felicia Dorothea Browne, 1812.
 * "To My Mother", a poem by Josef Svatopluk Machar
 * "To My Mother", a poem by Jan Neruda
 * "To My Mother", a poem by Edgar Allan Poe
 * "To My Mother", a poem by Patrick Pearse
 * "To My Mother", a poem by Frances Sargent Osgood
 * "To My Mother", a poem by Robert Louis Stevenson
 * "To My Mother", a poem by Iris Tree

title: To My Mother


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Rh the Union Station. This has been described in the second book of this series, entitled "Betty Gordon in Washington; or, Strange Adventures in a Great City." If Betty should live to be an old lady she would probably never cease to recall the peculiar circumstances under which she made friends with the three Littell girls and their cousin from Vermont and came to spend several delightful weeks at the hospitable mansion of Fairfields. The Littell family had grown to be very fond of Betty and of Bob, whose fortunes seemed to be inextricably mixed up with hers, and when the time came for them to leave for Oklahoma, fairly showered them with gifts.

No sooner did word reach Betty that her uncle awaited her in the oil regions than Bob announced that he was going West, too. He had succeeded in getting trace of two sisters of his mother, and presumably they lived somewhere in the section where Betty's uncle was stationed.

"I'll never forget how lovely the Littells were to us," thought Betty, a mist in her eyes blurring the sage brush. "Wasn't Bob surprised when Mr. Littell gave him that camera? And Mrs. Littell must have known he didn't have a nice bag, because she gave him that beauty all fitted with ebony toilet articles. And the girls clubbed together and gave each of us a signet ring—that was dear of them. I thought they had done


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12 for me friends could, keeping me there so long and entertaining me as though they had invited me as a special guest; so when Mr. and Mrs. Littell gave me that string of gold beads I was just about speechless. There never were such people! Heigho! Four months ago I was living in a little village, discontented because Uncle Dick wouldn't take me with him. And now I've made lots of new friends, seen Washington, and am speeding toward the wild and woolly West. I guess it never pays to complain."

With this philosophical conclusion, Betty pulled a letter from her pocket and fell to reading it. Bobby Littell had written a letter for each day of the journey and Betty had derived genuine pleasure from these gay notes so like the cheerful, sunny Roberta herself. This morning's letter was taken up with school plans for the fall, and the writer expressed a wish that Betty might go with them to boarding school.

"Libbie thinks perhaps her mother will send her, and just think what fun we could have," wrote Bobby, referring to the Vermont cousin.

Betty dismissed the school question lightly from her mind. She would certainly enjoy going to school with the Littell girls, and boarding school was one of her day-dreams, as it is of most girls her age. After she had seen her uncle and spent some time with him—he was very


text:
To a Child

 * "To a Child", a poem by Anne Lynch Botta
 * , a poem by Edmund William Gosse
 * "To a Child", a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

title: To a Child


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Rh dear to her, was this Uncle Dick—she thought she might be ready to go back East and take up her education where it had been dropped somewhat unceremoniously. But there was the subject of the probable cost—something that never bothered the Littell girls. Betty knew nothing of her uncle's finances, beyond the fact that he had been very generous with her, sending her checks frequently and never stinting her by word or suggestion. Still, boarding school, especially a school selected by the Littells, would undoubtedly be expensive. Betty wisely decided to let the matter drop for the time being.

Sage brush and prairie was now left behind, and the train was rattling through a heavy forest. Betty was glad that the rather nippy breeze had apparently kept every one else indoors, or else the monotony of a long train journey. The platform continued to be deserted, and, wondering what delayed Bob, she took up the camera to try again for a picture of the receding track. She and Bob had used up perhaps half a dozen films on this one subject, and the gleaming point where the rails came together in the distance had an inexhaustible fascination for the girl.

"How it does blow!" she gasped. "I remember now when we stopped at that water-station Bob spoke of—I didn't notice it at the time, I was so busy thinking, but the breeze didn't die


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14 down with the motion of the train. I shouldn't wonder if there was a strong wind to-day."

As a matter of fact, there was a gale, but Betty, accustomed to the wind from the back platform of a train in motion, thought that it could be nothing unusual. To be sure, the branches of the tall trees were crashing about and the sky over the cleared space on each side of the tracks was gray and ominous (the sun had disappeared as Betty mused) but the girl, comfortable in sweater and small, close hat, paid slight attention to these signs.

"I can't see what is keeping Bob," she repeated, putting the camera down. "Maybe I'd better go back into the car. How those trees do swish about! I don't believe if I shouted, I'd be heard above the noise of the wind and the train."

This was an alluring thought, and Betty acted upon it, cautiously at first, and then, gaining confidence, more freely. It is exhilarating to contend with the rush of the wind, to pitch one's voice against a torrent of sound, and Betty stood at the rail singing as loudly as she could, her tones lost completely in a grander chorus. Her cheeks crimsoned, and she fairly shouted, feeling to her finger tips the joy and excitement of the powerful forces with which she competed—those of old nature and man's invention, the


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 6 assembled at any court as that which the good king Arthur summoned to him.

The day of the Holy Feast, when he had worn his crown at the high procession, knights and barons conducted him with joy to his palace; and therewith Kay, the seneschal, bade them sound the trumpets and bring water. First the king washed, and thereafter sat down aloft, on the high dais, so that all who sat there at meat might see him. Four hundred knights, save three, sat themselves down at the Round Table; at the second were seated the thirty peers. Crowded were the ranks of the other knights who were seated throughout the hall, as was fitting, on daïs, and at tables on the ground. Then quickly Kay the seneschal bare the first meat, and the service was made throughout the hall, in joyful wise, as befitted such high festivity.

Now as the king ate, he looked towards the Round Table, even as one who would take knowledge of all, and by hap his eye fell on the seat of a knight good and true, which was void and lacking its rightful lord. Then so great a pity and tenderness took him that the tears rose from his heart to his eyes, and thence


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Rh thing of smoke and fire and speed we call a train.

Suddenly the brakes went down, there was an uneasy screeching as they gripped the wheels, and the long train jarred to a standstill.

"How funny!" puzzled Betty. "There's no station. We're right out in the woods. Oh, I can hear the wind now—how it does howl!"

She picked up her belongings and made her way back to the car. As she passed through the coaches every one was asking the cause of the stop, and an immigrant woman caught hold of Betty as she went through a day coach.

"Is it wrong?" she asked nervously, and in halting English. "Must we get off here?"

"I don't know what the matter is," answered Betty, thankful that she was asked nothing more difficult. "But whatever happens, don't get off; this isn't a station, it is right in the woods. If you get off and lose some of your children, you'll never get them together again and the train will go off and leave you. Don't get off until the conductor tells you to."

The woman sank back in her seat and called her children around her, evidently resolved to follow this advice to the last letter.

"She looks as if an earthquake wouldn't blow her from her seat," thought Betty, proceeding to her own car. "Well, at that. It's safer for her than trying to find out what the matter is and


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16 not being able to find her way aboard again. I remember the conductor told Bob and me these poor immigrants have such trouble traveling. It must be awful to make your way in a strange country where you can not understand what people say to you."

No Bob was to be seen when Betty reached her seat, but excited passengers were apparently trying to fall head-first from the car windows.

"I think we've run over some one," announced a fussy little man with a monocle and a flower in his buttonhole.

With a warning toot of the whistle, the train began to move slowly forward. It went a few feet, apparently hit something solid, and stopped with a violent jar.

"Oh, my goodness!" wailed a woman who was clearly the wife of the fussy little man. "Won't some one please go and find out what the matter is?"

Betty looked toward the car door and saw Bob pushing his way toward her.


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 the Lady of Lys welled forth, and he sighed a great and piteous sigh when he remembered him of that knight. He took a knife which Yones held (nephew was he to king Yder, and carved before Arthur), and, frowning and thoughtful, smote the blade through the bread which lay on the board. Then he rested his head on the one hand, even as one whose thoughts are troubled by anger or grief, and unheeding, ran the palm of the other adown the sharp knife, so that he was somewhat wounded. At sight of the blood he bethought himself, and left hold of the knife and taking the napkin, wrapped it swiftly around his hand, so that they who ate in the hall below might not see. And with that he fell once more into thought and bowed down his head, and as he mused the tears came again to his eyes.

When Sir Gawain beheld this he marvelled much, and therein was he right, for to all who were in the hall it seemed but folly. Then he rose up straightway, and passed between the ranks till that he came before the daïs, and saw that the king was again lost in thought. He hasted not to speak till that he saw him raise his head, but


text: Betty Gordon in the Land of Oil/Chapter 2


text:
The Battle of Life

 * The Battle of Life, a novel by Charles Dickens
 * "The Battle of Life", a poem by Anne Lynch Botta

title: The Battle of Life


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 8 so soon as he lifted up his face Sir Gawain spake right courteously; "Sire, Sire, 'tis neither right nor fitting that ye should have such wrath or displeasure as should make ye thus moody in the sight of so many high and noble barons as ye may see here around ye; rather should their solace and their company please and rejoice ye."

"Gawain, will ye that I tell ye whence came the thought which has made me thus sad and silent?"

"Yea, Sire, that do I pray of ye."

"Fair nephew, know of a truth that I will tell ye willingly, in the hearing of all these good knights. My thoughts were of ye, and of many another whom I see here, of the wickedness of which ye are full, and of the envy and the treason long time hid, and now made manifest." With that the king held his peace, and said no more.

Sir Gawain grew crimson with anger and shame, and throughout the palace all held their peace, for much they marvelled that the king spake thus evilly to his nephew, calling him in the hearing of all a traitor proven, and all were wroth therefor. Then he to whom the ill words were said answered as best he might, "Sire, that was


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 the Lady of Lys an ugly word; for your honour bethink ye of what ye have said in the hearing of all who be here within."

"Gawain," answered the king, "'tis no empty word, thus of a truth do I repeat it, and Ywain may well take heed and know that I thought of him but now, when I sat silent and pensive, here within have I not one single comrade whom I do not accuse of treason and too great felony!"

With that I know not how many sprang to their feet, and a great clamour filled the hall. "Lords," cried Tor fis Ares, "I conjure ye by the oath which ye and I alike sware to king Arthur that ye restrain yourselves, and act as is befitting; he accuses ye all of treason these be right evil tidings!" In like wise also spake Sir Ywain. "Ah God," quoth Sir Gawain, "with what joy was all this great court summoned and assembled, and in what grief shall it be broken up!"

The king heard, and, sighing, spake, "Gawain, I have spoken but the truth!"

"Fair Sire, for the love of God, and for honesty, tell us after what manner and in what fashion we be felon and traitorous?"

Quoth the king, "An ye will I will tell ye; now hearken. Ye know of a truth that


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 10 aforetime there reigned in this land a folk who built castles and cities, strong towers and fortresses, and the great Chastel Orguellous did they fortify against us. When we heard tell thereof ye, my knights, delayed not to go thither, not with my will! There did I lose so many of my folk that the thought thereof yet grieveth my heart; the greater part were slain, but some among them were made captive. They took one of my companions, three years long have they held him in prison, and thereof have I great grief at heart. Here within do I see no better knight; he was beyond measure valiant, fair of face and form, and very wise was he in counsel. But now, when all this great lordship was set down here to meat, I beheld that knight's seat void and lacking its lord, and for sorrow and grief was my heart heavyand troubled when I saw him not in his place in your ranks; it lacked but little that I were distraught. Therefore, my lords, do I arraign ye all of treason; Giflet fis Do is he named that good and gentle knight, three whole years have gone by since he was imprisoned in that tower, and ye be all traitors who have left your comrade three years and have not


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 the Lady of Lys sought for or freed him! Yea, and I who have blamed ye, I be even more the traitor in that I ever ware crown, or made joy, or held high feast before I knew if he might be restored to me, or where he now may be, whether dead or living! Now on this have I set my heart,—by the faith I owe to that Heavenly Lord who hath bestowed on me earthly honour, and kingdom, and lands, that for no hap that may befall me will I delay to set forth in search of him, be it in never so distant a land. For verily I tell ye all that the king who loseth so good a knight by wrongful deed or by sloth, he hath right neither to lands nor to honour, nor should he live a day longer, an he deliver not that knight who for his honour suffered toil and was made captive. In the ears of ye all do I make a vow that I will lie not more than one night in any place till that I know whether he be dead, or may be freed."

Then all cried with one voice, "Shame upon him, Sire, who will not plead guilty to this treason, for ye speak with right and reason; by over-much sloth have we delayed to ride forth and seek him far hence, even at the Chastel Orguellous."

"Lords," quoth the king, "I tell ye


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 12 here and at once that I shall set forth tomorrow, but by the faith that I owe to Saint Germain I must needs proceed with wisdom, for here is force of no avail."

"True, fair Sire," answered Sir Gawain. "Know for sooth that the roads 'twixt here and the Chastel Orguellous be passing hard and difficult; 'tis a good fifteen days ere ye be come thither; longer days have ye never ridden! 'Tis best that one tell ye the truth! And when ye be come thither, fair Sire, then shall ye have each day battle, as I know right well, one knight against the other, a hundred against a hundred, that shall ye find truly. Now take good counsel for the journey, what folk ye may best take with ye."

"Lords," said the king, "now let us to meat, and afterward will I see by aid of your counsel whom I take with me, and whom I leave to guard my land and my folk."

With that all in the palace, great and small, ate as quickly as might be; and so soon as the king saw that 'twas time and place to speak he bade remove the cloths, which they did without delay. Thereafter they brought water, and bare round the wine in cups of fine gold. Then, it seemeth


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 the Lady of Lys me, there sprang to their feet at once more than three thousand knights, who cried the king mercy, and prayed that he would take them with him on this adventure, for right willingly would they go.

"Lords," quoth the king, "they whom my barons elect, those will I take, and the others shall remain to keep my kingdom in peace."

Then first, before all others, spake king Urien, a very wise knight was he. "My Lord king, ye have no need to take with ye too great a force; take with ye rather a few, but good, men, so to my thinking will ye more swiftly free Giflet, our good comrade, from his prison. Take with ye the best of your knights, 'twill be for your greater honour, and your foes will be the more speedily vanquished; knight against knight must ye fight there, and I think me that such of their men shall there be worsted that they shall that same day yield ye Giflet the good and valiant knight. Have no doubt for the when or how, but bid them make ready. I can but praise the folk who shall go with ye."

Then quoth the king, "What say ye, Lords? I await your counsel!"


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 14 King Ydier spake. "Sire, none of us should give ye praise, or speak other than the best he knoweth. Shamed be he who should give ye counsel wherein ye may find no honour. I know full well that the more part of your folk would gladly go with ye, but if ye take them, Sire, 'twill not be for your honour, but believe king Urien, for he hath given good counsel so I tell ye of a truth."

"Certes," saith Sir Gawain, "he would be false and foolish who should give other rede!" And all said, "Let it be as the king will; let him take those whom he please, and leave the others in the land."

"Ye have said well," said the king; "now go ye to your lodging, and prepare to depart, and I will cause to be made ready a pennon of silk for each of those whom I shall lead with me." As he said, so it was done, and all betook them to their lodging.

The king forthwith sent the pennons, and bade them without fail be armed and ahorse at dawn.

What more shall I tell ye? At sunrise were all the knights armed, even as the king commanded, all they who had received


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 the Lady of Lys the pennons came together ahorse before the hall.

Now will I tell ye their names: there were Sir Gawain, king Ydier, Guengasoains, Kay, and Lucans, the butler. The sixth was Tors. Then Saigremors, and Mabonagrain, who was nephew unto king Urien. Eight have I now named unto ye, counting the kinsman of king Urien. The ninth was Lancelot du Lac; the tenth Ider, son of Nut; the Laid Hardi, the eleventh; with Doon l'Aiglain have we twelve, all very courteous knights. Galegantins the Galois, and the brave Carados Briefbras, who was a right cheery comrade, made fourteen, and the fifteenth was the good Taulas de Rogemont: so many were they, nor more, nor less.

All ready armed were they before the hall the while they awaited the king, ere he came forth armed from his chamber. Then he mounted his steed, and I tell ye that, to my knowledge, was never king so richly armed afore, nor ever hereafter shall there be such. The queen bare him company even to the entrance of the palace, then she turned her back.

Then the king bade his companions