text:
Portal:Europe

Works

 * Athens Declaration of the 1st Congress of the European Left Party in Athens, 2005 (2005)
 * Cliff Castles and Cave Dwellings of Europe (1911) by Sabine Baring-Gould
 * Convention on the Grant of European Patents (1973)
 * European Charter of Municipal Liberties (1953)
 * The European Concert in the Eastern Question (1885), edited by Thomas Erskine Holland
 * Lectures on Modern History (1906) by John Acton
 * The New Europe (The Slav Standpoint) (1918) by Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
 * The Normans in European History (1915) by Charles Homer Haskins

Encyclopedia articles

 * The New Student's Reference Work/North Cape
 * The New Student's Reference Work/Northmen
 * The New Student's Reference Work/The Balkans and the Peace of Europe

Topics related to Europe

 * Portal:European Union

Current

 * Flag of Albania.svg Albania
 * Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra
 * Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia
 * Flag of Austria.svg Austria
 * Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan
 * Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus
 * Flag of Belgium.svg Belgium
 * Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria
 * Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia
 * Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus
 * Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic
 * Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark
 * Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia
 * Flag of Finland.svg Finland
 * Flag of France.svg France
 * Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia (country)
 * Flag of Germany.svg Germany
 * Flag of Greece.svg Greece
 * Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary
 * Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland
 * Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland
 * Flag of Italy.svg Italy
 * Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia
 * Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein
 * Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania
 * Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg
 * Flag of Macedonia.svg Macedonia
 * Flag of Malta.svg Malta
 * Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova
 * Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco
 * Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro
 * Flag of Netherlands.svg Netherlands
 * Flag of Norway.svg Norway
 * Flag of Poland.svg Poland
 * Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal
 * Flag of Romania.svg Romania
 * Flag of Russia.svg Russia
 * Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino
 * Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia
 * Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia
 * Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia
 * Flag of Spain.svg Spain
 * Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
 * Flag of Switzerland.svg Switzerland
 * Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey
 * Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine
 * Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
 * Flag of the Vatican City.svg Vatican City

Historical

 * Flag.svg Aach, Baden-Württemberg
 * Black St George's Cross.svg Free Imperial City of Aachen
 * Flag.svg Aalen
 * Flag.svg Aarberg
 * Flag.svg County of Aarberg
 * Flag.svg County of Flanders
 * Flag.svg Abbasid Caliphate
 * Flag.svg Achaean League
 * Flag.svg County of Adendorf
 * Flag.svg Italian Islands of the Aegean
 * Flag.svg Alamannia
 * Flag.svg Alania
 * Flag.svg Republic of Alba
 * Flag.svg People's Socialist Republic of Albania
 * Flag.svg Albanian principalities
 * Flag.svg Lordship of Albarracín
 * Flag.svg Alempois
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of the Algarve
 * Flag.svg All Saints' Abbey (Switzerland)
 * Flag.svg Alsace-Lorraine
 * Flag.svg Golden Ambrosian Republic
 * Flag.svg An der Etsch
 * Flag.svg Principality of Anhalt
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Anhalt
 * Flag.svg Principality of Anhalt-Aschersleben
 * Flag.svg Anhalt-Bernburg
 * Flag.svg Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
 * Flag.svg Anhalt-Dessau
 * Flag.svg Principality of Anhalt-Dornburg
 * Flag.svg Anhalt-Harzgerode
 * Flag.svg Anhalt-Köthen
 * Flag.svg Principality of Anhalt-Plötzkau
 * Flag.svg Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst
 * Flag.svg Lordship of Anholt
 * Flag.svg Anjou
 * Flag.svg Government of the Grand National Assembly
 * Flag.svg Principality of Ansbach
 * Flag.svg Antigonid dynasty
 * Flag.svg Appenzell
 * Flag.svg County of Apulia
 * Flag.svg Patria del Friuli
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Aquitaine
 * Flag.svg Crown of Aragon
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Aragon
 * Flag.svg Arenberg
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Arles
 * Flag.svg General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia
 * Flag.svg First Republic of Armenia
 * Flag.svg Bagratid Armenia
 * Flag.svg Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Arthania
 * Flag.svg Principality of Aschaffenburg
 * Flag.svg Astrakhan Khanate
 * Flag.svg Sovereign Council of Asturias and León
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Asturias
 * Flag.svg Classical Athens
 * Flag.svg Atropatene
 * Flag.svg Principality of Auersperg
 * Flag of Augsburg.svg Augsburg
 * Flag.svg Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg
 * Flag.svg Austrasia
 * Flag.svg Austrian Empire
 * Flag.svg Austria-Hungary
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Austria
 * Flag.svg Archduchy of Austria
 * Flag.svg Habsburg Monarchy
 * Flag.svg First Austrian Republic
 * Flag.svg Federal State of Austria
 * Flag.svg Margraviate of Austria
 * Flag.svg Austrian Littoral
 * Flag.svg Avar Khaganate
 * Flag.svg Avar Khanate
 * Flag.svg Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
 * Flag.svg Azerbaijan People's Government
 * Flag.svg Bad Kreuznach
 * Flag.svg Bad Wimpfen
 * Flag.svg Baden
 * Flag.svg County of Baden
 * Flag.svg Margraviate of Baden
 * Flag.svg Electorate of Baden
 * Flag.svg Grand Duchy of Baden
 * Flag.svg Baindt Abbey
 * Flag.svg Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
 * Flag.svg Banat
 * Flag.svg Bandava
 * Flag.svg Banu Qasi
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Bar
 * Flag.svg County of Barby
 * Flag.svg County of Barcelona
 * Flag.svg Prince-Bishopric of Basel
 * Flag.svg Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Electorate of Bavaria
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Bavaria
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Bavaria
 * Flag.svg Bavaria-Ingolstadt
 * Flag.svg Bavaria-Landshut
 * Flag.svg Bavaria-Munich
 * Flag.svg Bavarian Soviet Republic
 * Flag.svg Principality of Bayreuth
 * Flag.svg County of Beilstein
 * Flag.svg Belarusian People's Republic
 * Flag.svg Belarusian Central Rada
 * Flag.svg General Governorate of Belgium
 * Flag.svg Principality of Beloozero
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Belz
 * Flag.svg County of Bentheim
 * Flag.svg Berchtesgaden Provostry
 * Flag.svg Grand Duchy of Berg
 * Flag.svg Bernicia
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Bernstadt
 * Flag.svg Free City of Besançon
 * Flag.svg Free Imperial City of Besançon
 * Flag.svg Bessarabia Governorate
 * Flag.svg Shirvan Beylarbeylik
 * Flag.svg Biberach an der Riss
 * Flag.svg Piemare
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Brandenburg
 * Flag.svg Etruscan civilization
 * Flag.svg County of Blankenburg
 * Flag.svg Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
 * Flag of Bohemia.svg Kingdom of Bohemia
 * Přemyslovci erb.svg Duchy of Bohemia
 * Flag.svg Lands of the Bohemian Crown
 * Flag.svg Bolognese Republic
 * Flag.svg Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * Flag.svg Bosporan Kingdom
 * Flag.svg Margraviate of Brandenburg
 * Flag.svg Brandenburg-Küstrin
 * Flag.svg Margraviate of Brandenburg-Küstrin
 * Flag.svg Neumark
 * Flag.svg Brandenburg-Prussia
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Brazil
 * Flag.svg County of Brehna
 * Flag.svg West Breifne
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Breifne
 * Flag.svg Archbishopric of Bremen
 * Flag.svg Bremen-Verden
 * Flag.svg Bretzenheim (state)
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Brzeg
 * Flag.svg Britannic Empire
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Brittany
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Brittany
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Brixen
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Brunswick
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
 * Flag.svg Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg
 * Flag.svg Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
 * Flag.svg Buchau Abbey
 * Flag.svg Bukovina
 * Flag.svg People's Republic of Bulgaria
 * Flag.svg Burgau
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Burgundy
 * Flag.svg County of Burgundy
 * Flag.svg Burtscheid Abbey
 * Flag.svg Buxheim Charterhouse
 * Flag.svg Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia
 * Flag.svg Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Bytom
 * Flag of the Greek Orthodox Church.svg Byzantine Empire
 * Flag.svg Pale of Calais
 * Flag.svg Principality of Calenberg
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Cammin
 * Flag.svg Carantania
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Carinthia
 * Flag.svg Carneola
 * Flag.svg Carpatho-Ukraine
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Castile
 * Flag.svg Catalan Republic
 * Flag.svg Principality of Catalonia
 * Flag.svg Caucasian Albania
 * Flag.svg North Caucasian Emirate
 * Flag.svg Caucasian Imamate
 * Flag.svg Republic of Central Lithuania
 * Flag.svg Centrocaspian Dictatorship
 * Flag.svg Marquisate of Ceva
 * Flag.svg Chuvash Autonomous Oblast
 * Flag.svg County of Cilli
 * Flag.svg Circassia
 * Flag.svg Cisrhenian Republic
 * Flag.svg Colmar
 * Flag.svg Electorate of Cologne
 * Flag.svg Comburg
 * Flag.svg Comtat Venaissin
 * Flag.svg Confederation of the Rhine
 * Flag.svg Old Swiss Confederacy
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Constance
 * Flag.svg Ancient Corinth
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Corsica
 * Flag.svg Anglo-Corsican Kingdom
 * Flag.svg Corsican Republic
 * Flag.svg Cossack Hetmanate
 * Flag.svg County of Boulogne
 * Flag.svg County of Csesznek
 * Flag.svg County of Foix
 * Flag.svg County of Holland
 * Flag.svg County of Leiningen
 * Flag.svg County of Metz
 * Flag.svg County of Toulouse
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Courland
 * Flag.svg Couto Misto
 * Flag of Cretan State.svg Cretan State
 * Flag.svg Emirate of Crete
 * Flag.svg Crimean People's Republic
 * Flag.svg Crimean Khanate
 * Flag.svg Crimean Regional Government
 * Flag.svg Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Croatia
 * Flag.svg Croatia in the union with Hungary
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
 * Flag of Independent State of Croatia.svg Independent State of Croatia
 * Flag.svg Socialist Republic of Croatia
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Croatia
 * Flag.svg Crown of Castile
 * Flag.svg Cumania
 * Flag.svg Cyme
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Cyprus
 * Flag.svg Second Czechoslovak Republic
 * Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia
 * Flag.svg First Czechoslovak Republic
 * Flag.svg Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
 * Flag.svg Emirate of Córdoba
 * Flag.svg Caliphate of Córdoba
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Dalmatia
 * Flag.svg Danish Estonia
 * Flag.svg Free City of Danzig
 * Flag.svg Deira
 * Flag.svg Denmark–Norway
 * Flag.svg Dinkelsbühl
 * Flag.svg Disentis Abbey
 * Flag.svg Don Republic
 * Flag.svg Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Dorpat
 * Flag.svg Principality of Drutsk
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Dublin
 * Flag.svg Dubrovnik Republic
 * Flag.svg East Breifne
 * Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany
 * Flag.svg County of East Frisia
 * Flag.svg Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
 * Flag.svg County of Eberstein
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Eichstätt
 * Flag.svg Lordship of Eisenberg
 * Flag.svg Elchingen Abbey
 * Flag.svg Ellwangen Abbey
 * Flag.svg Engelberg Abbey
 * Flag.svg Commonwealth of England
 * Flag.svg Epirus
 * Flag.svg Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
 * Flag.svg Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
 * Flag.svg Essen Abbey
 * Flag.svg Commune of the Working People of Estonia
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Estonia
 * Flag.svg Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Fatimid Caliphate
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Finland
 * Flag.svg Grand Duchy of Finland
 * Flag.svg Finnish Democratic Republic
 * Flag.svg Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
 * Flag.svg Free State of Fiume
 * Flag.svg Flensburg Government
 * Flag.svg Principality of Bidache
 * Flag.svg Principality of Orange
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of France
 * Flag.svg First French Empire
 * Flag.svg Bourbon Restoration
 * Flag.svg July Monarchy
 * Flag.svg Vichy France
 * Flag.svg Provisional Government of the French Republic
 * Flag.svg Second French Empire
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of France
 * Flag.svg French Second Republic
 * Flag.svg French Third Republic
 * Flag.svg French Fourth Republic
 * Flag.svg Francia
 * Flag.svg East Francia
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Franconia
 * Flag.svg Frankfurt Constitution
 * Flag.svg Grand Duchy of Frankfurt
 * Flag.svg Frauenchiemsee
 * Flag.svg Fraumünster
 * Flag.svg Free City of Frankfurt
 * Flag.svg Free State Bottleneck
 * Flag.svg Free Territory
 * Flag.svg Freie Ämter
 * Flag.svg French First Republic
 * Flag.svg French Union
 * Flag.svg Lordship of Frisia
 * Flag.svg Frisian Kingdom
 * Flag.svg Fugger
 * Flag.svg Fulda monastery
 * Flag.svg Fürstenfeld Abbey
 * Flag.svg Principality of Eichstätt
 * Flag.svg Fürstenberg
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
 * Flag.svg Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Galicia
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
 * Flag.svg Gallic Empire
 * Flag.svg Gandersheim Abbey
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Gascony
 * Flag.svg Gazikumukh Khanate
 * Flag.svg Gazikumukh Shamkhalate
 * Flag.svg Gelnhausen
 * Flag.svg General Government
 * Flag.svg County of Geneva
 * Flag.svg Gengenbach Abbey
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Georgia
 * Flag.svg Democratic Republic of Georgia
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of the Gepids
 * Flag.svg Republic of German-Austria
 * Flag.svg German Confederation
 * Flag.svg German Empire
 * Flag.svg Weimar Republic
 * Flag.svg Nazi Germany
 * Flag.svg Gernrode
 * Flag.svg Gersau
 * Flag.svg Gévaudan
 * Flag.svg Giudicato of Arborea
 * Flag.svg Giudicato of Cagliari
 * Flag.svg Giudicato of Gallura
 * Flag.svg Giudicato of Logudoro
 * Flag.svg Golden Horde
 * Flag.svg Gorizia and Gradisca
 * Flag.svg County of Gorizia
 * Flag.svg Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Göss Abbey
 * Flag.svg Goust
 * Flag of Gozo.svg Gozo
 * Flag.svg County of Graisbach
 * Flag.svg Emirate of Granada
 * Flag.svg Principality of Hungary
 * Flag.svg Great Horde
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Greater Poland
 * Flag.svg Grey League
 * Flag.svg Principality of Grubenhagen
 * Flag.svg Gutenzell Abbey
 * Flag.svg County of Gützkow
 * Flag.svg Principality of Göttingen
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Głogów
 * Flag.svg County of Haag
 * Flag.svg Haestingas
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Halberstadt
 * Flag.svg Lordship of Hanau
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Hanover
 * Flag.svg Harjumaa
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Havelberg
 * Flag.svg Heggbach Abbey
 * Flag.svg County of Helfenstein
 * Flag.svg Helmarshausen Abbey
 * Flag.svg House of Henneberg
 * Flag.svg Herford Abbey
 * Flag.svg Herrenalb Abbey
 * Flag.svg Hersfeld Abbey
 * Flag.svg Landgraviate of Hesse
 * Flag.svg Grand Duchy of Hesse
 * Flag.svg Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt
 * Flag.svg Hesse-Homburg
 * Flag.svg Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
 * Flag.svg Electorate of Hesse
 * Flag.svg Hesse-Marburg
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Hildesheim
 * Flag.svg Hohenlohe
 * Flag.svg County of Hohenwaldeck
 * Flag.svg House of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch
 * Flag.svg Hohenzollern-Hechingen
 * Flag.svg Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Holstein
 * Flag.svg Holstein-Pinneberg
 * Flag.svg Holstein-Rendsburg
 * Flag.svg Klettgau
 * Flag.svg Holy Roman Empire
 * Flag.svg County of Holzappel
 * Flag.svg County of Hoya
 * Flag.svg Hungarian Democratic Republic
 * Flag.svg Hungarian Soviet Republic
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Hungary
 * Flag.svg Republic of Hungary
 * Flag.svg People's Republic of Hungary
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Hungary
 * Flag.svg Huns
 * Flag.svg Hutsul Republic
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Iceland
 * Flag.svg Icelandic Commonwealth
 * Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
 * Flag of Idel-Ural State.svg Idel-Ural State
 * Flag.svg Banu Ifran
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Illyria
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Imereti
 * Flag.svg Imperial Ducal Abbey of Kempten
 * Flag.svg Swedish Ingria
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Inowrocław
 * Flag.svg O'Kennedy
 * Flag.svg Thomond
 * Flag.svg Lordship of Ireland
 * Flag.svg Irish Republic
 * Flag.svg Uí Fidgenti
 * Flag.svg Uí Liatháin
 * Flag.svg Irsee Abbey
 * Flag.svg Isenburg-Limburg
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of the Isles
 * Flag.svg Isny im Allgäu
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Italy
 * Flag.svg Italian Social Republic
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Jawor
 * Flag.svg Principality of Jersika
 * Flag.svg Jogentagana
 * Flag.svg Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Oblast
 * Flag.svg Kaisheim Abbey
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Kakheti
 * Flag.svg Kalmar Union
 * Flag.svg Kalmyk Khanate
 * Flag.svg Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Kartli
 * Flag of Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti.svg Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
 * Flag.svg County of Katzenelnbogen
 * Flag.svg Reichskommissariat Kaukasus
 * Flag.svg Kazakh Khanate
 * Flag.svg Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Khanate of Kazan
 * Flag.svg Free Imperial City of Kempten
 * Flag.svg Khazars
 * Flag.svg Principality of Kiev
 * Flag.svg Kievan Rus'
 * Flag.svg Taifa of Almería
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Bosnia
 * Flag.svg Taifa of Granada
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of the Lombards
 * Flag.svg Taifa of Seville
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Soissons
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Syrmia
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of the Burgundians
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of the Suebi
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Valencia
 * Flag.svg Kipchaks
 * Flag.svg Kition
 * Flag.svg County of Kladsko
 * Flag.svg Klingenmünster Abbey
 * Flag.svg Principality of Koknese
 * Flag.svg Komancza Republic
 * Flag.svg Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Königsegg
 * Flag.svg Königsegg-Aulendorf
 * Flag.svg Königsegg-Rothenfels
 * Flag.svg Kornelimünster Abbey
 * Flag.svg Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo
 * Flag.svg Free City of Kraków
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Krnov
 * Flag of Kuban People's Republic.svg Kuban People's Republic
 * Flag.svg Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
 * Flag.svg Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg League of God's House
 * Flag.svg League of the Ten Jurisdictions
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Lebus
 * Flag.svg County of Lechsgemünd
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Łęczyca
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Legnica
 * Flag.svg Lajtabánság
 * Flag.svg Lemko Republic
 * Flag.svg County of Lenzburg
 * Flag.svg County of Leoben
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of León
 * Flag.svg Principality of Leyen
 * Flag.svg Principality of Lichtenberg
 * Flag.svg Lindau Abbey
 * Flag.svg Principality of Lippe
 * Flag.svg Lippe-Alverdissen
 * Flag.svg Lippe-Brake
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Lithuania
 * Flag.svg Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Grand Duchy of Lithuania
 * Flag.svg Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Swedish Livonia
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Livonia
 * Flag.svg Lokot Autonomy
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
 * Flag.svg Lordship of Biscay
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Lori
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Lorraine
 * Flag.svg Lorsch Abbey
 * Flag.svg Lotharingia
 * Flag.svg Lower Burgundy
 * Flag.svg Republic of Lucca
 * Flag.svg Principality of Lucca and Piombino
 * Flag.svg March of Lusatia
 * Flag.svg Margraviate of Lower Lusatia
 * Flag.svg Margraviate of Upper Lusatia
 * Flag.svg Lääne County
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Lübeck
 * Flag.svg Free City of Lübeck
 * Flag of Macedonia.svg Macedonia
 * Flag.svg Socialist Republic of Macedonia
 * Flag.svg Archbishopric of Magdeburg
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Magdeburg
 * Flag.svg Republic of Mainz
 * Flag.svg Electorate of Mainz
 * Flag.svg Free City of Mainz
 * Flag.svg Mainz
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Majorca
 * Flag.svg Malta Colony
 * Flag.svg Malta Protectorate
 * Flag.svg French occupation of Malta
 * Flag.svg State of Malta
 * Flag.svg Marchtal Abbey
 * Flag.svg Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg County of Mark
 * Flag.svg Marmoutier Abbey, Alsace
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Masovia
 * Flag.svg Maulbronn Monastery
 * Flag.svg Mecklenburg-Güstrow
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
 * Flag.svg Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
 * Flag.svg Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
 * Flag.svg Margraviate of Meissen
 * Flag.svg Memleben Abbey
 * Flag.svg Menton
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Merseburg
 * Flag.svg Metsepole
 * Flag.svg County of Metternich-Winnenburg
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Metz
 * Flag.svg Michaelsberg Abbey, Siegburg
 * Flag.svg Middle Francia
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Minden
 * Flag.svg Principality of Mingrelia
 * Flag.svg Principality of Minsk
 * Flag.svg Republic of Mirdita
 * Flag.svg Mõhu
 * Flag of Moldavia.svg Moldavia
 * Flag.svg Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
 * Flag.svg Mondsee Abbey
 * Flag.svg Mongol Empire
 * Flag.svg County of Montbéliard
 * Flag.svg Socialist Republic of Montenegro
 * Flag.svg Margraviate of Moravia
 * Flag.svg Neutral Moresnet
 * Flag.svg Reichskommissariat Moskowien
 * Flag.svg Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
 * Flag.svg Murbach Abbey
 * Flag.svg Grand Duchy of Moscow
 * Flag.svg Prince-Bishopric of Münster
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Münsterberg
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Naples
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Nassau
 * Flag.svg Nassau-Dietz
 * Flag.svg Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda
 * Flag.svg Nassau-Saarbrücken
 * Flag.svg Nassau-Siegen
 * Flag.svg House of Nassau-Weilburg
 * Flag.svg Naumburg
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Navarre
 * Flag.svg Neresheim Abbey
 * Flag.svg Reichskommissariat Niederlande
 * Flag of Canton of Neuchâtel.svg Canton of Neuchâtel
 * Flag.svg Neuenburg am Rhein
 * Flag.svg Neustria
 * Flag.svg Nieder-Isenburg
 * Flag.svg Niedermünster, Regensburg
 * Flag.svg Nienburg Abbey
 * Flag.svg Nogai Horde
 * Flag.svg March of the Nordgau
 * Flag.svg Nordhausen
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Normandy
 * Flag.svg North German Confederation
 * Flag.svg North Ingria
 * Flag.svg North Sea Empire
 * Flag.svg Northeim
 * Flag.svg Turkish Federated State of Cyprus
 * Flag.svg Reichskommissariat Norwegen
 * Flag.svg Novgorod Republic
 * Flag.svg Principality of Novgorod-Seversk
 * Flag.svg Nürburg
 * Flag.svg Burgraviate of Nuremberg
 * Flag.svg Free Imperial City of Nuremberg
 * Flag.svg Nurmekund
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Nysa
 * Flag.svg Ober Ost
 * Flag.svg Obermünster, Regensburg
 * Flag.svg Obernai
 * Flag.svg Provostry of Oberried
 * Flag.svg Ochsenhausen Abbey
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Oels
 * Flag.svg Oettingen in Bayern
 * Flag.svg Offenburg
 * Flag.svg Old Great Bulgaria
 * Flag.svg Terra Mariana
 * Flag.svg Old Saxony
 * Flag.svg County of Oldenburg
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Oldenburg
 * Flag.svg Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Opole and Racibórz
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Opole
 * Flag.svg Principality of Orange-Nassau
 * Flag.svg County of Orlamünde
 * Flag.svg Ortenburg-Neuortenburg
 * Flag.svg Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek
 * Flag.svg Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Ossory
 * Flag.svg Reichskommissariat Ostland
 * Flag.svg Ostrogothic Kingdom
 * Flag.svg Republic of Ostrów
 * Flag.svg Ottobeuren Abbey
 * Flag.svg Outer Schwyz
 * Flag.svg Lordship of Overijssel
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Oświęcim
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Zator
 * Flag.svg Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn
 * Flag.svg Electoral Palatinate
 * Flag.svg Palatinate-Lützelstein
 * Flag.svg Palatinate-Neuburg
 * Flag.svg Palatinate-Simmern and Zweibrücken
 * Flag.svg Palatinate-Zweibrücken
 * Flag.svg Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Pannonia
 * Flag.svg Pappenheim
 * Flag.svg Roman Catholic Diocese of Passau
 * Flag.svg Pechenegs
 * Flag.svg Great Perm
 * Flag.svg Achaemenid Empire
 * Flag.svg Persian Armenia
 * Flag.svg Petershausen Abbey
 * Flag.svg Pfäfers Abbey
 * Flag.svg Pfullendorf
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Poland
 * Flag.svg Congress Poland
 * Flag.svg November Uprising
 * Flag.svg Second Polish Republic
 * Flag.svg People's Republic of Poland
 * Flag.svg Polish National Government
 * Flag.svg Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
 * Flag.svg Principality of Polotsk
 * Flag.svg Duchy of Pomerania
 * Flag.svg Swedish Pomerania
 * Flag.svg Kingdom of Portugal
 * Flag.svg United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
 * Flag.svg Monarchy of the North
 * Flag.svg Ditadura Nacional
 * Flag.svg Estado Novo
 * Flag.svg County of Portugal
 * Flag.svg First Portuguese Republic
 * Flag.svg Republic of Prekmurje
 * Flag.svg Lordship of Prilep
 * Flag.svg Prince of Sedan
 * Flag.svg Principality of Chernigov
 * Flag.svg Principality of Guria
 * Flag.svg Principality of Khachen
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title: Portal:Europe


text:
Page:AmJourSci 3 23 135 213-216.djvu/4

 at the close of the second fauna, which would place it a little below that of the Medina sandstone.

The specific name of the species under consideration was given in honor of Rev. Wm. N. Cleveland, who obtained the specimens described in the Utica slate formation north of the village of Holland Patent, Oneida County, N. Y. On the same pieces of slate with them occur two characteristic fossils of the formation, Leptobolus insignis and Triarthrus Becki, and I have also obtained from the same locality and stratum of slate, Dendrograptus tenuiramosus, Climacograplus bicornis, Schizomania filosa, Endoceras proteiforme, etc.

Several collectors have been and are now working in the Utica slate both in New York State and Canada, and a number of undescribed and interesting species are in their hands, as also several described from the Trenton limestone but unknown from the slate before. It is largely due to the persistent efforts of Mr. Chas. H. Haskell that the many localities in Oneida County, N. Y., have been discovered, and their rich fauna made known from the slate, from one of which localities the form we have described was obtained.

.—Notice of the remarkable Marine Fauna occupying the outer banks off the Southern coast of New England, No. 4; by. (Brief Contributions to Zoology from the Museum of Yale College: No. L.)

In the following list there are included 48 species. Of these, 22 have not, hitherto, occurred elsewhere on our coast; 26 have been found farther north, in the Gulf of Maine, or off the coast of Nova Scotia, and may be considered as arctic; at least 22 are European, and of these 18 or more are northern European; at least 14, and probably more, have been taken in deep water, in the Gulf of Mexico, or off Florida, by Pourtales and A. Agassiz, but there is, as yet, no general lists of their star-fishes and ophiurans; of the whole number, only six are, so far as known, peculiar to this district, and probably this number will soon be reduced. Many of the species have a very extensive range, on both sides of the Atlantic, and also a great range in depth, occurring in much deeper water than was found at any of our stations. Species dredged only in less than 60 fathoms are not included.

In the list, the range of depth given applies only to this special region, as determined by the stations here included.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Page:AmJourSci 3 23 135 213-216.djvu/4


text: Description of a New Genus of the Order Eurypterida from the Utica Slate


text: The Lost World (1925 film)

title: The Lost World (1925 film)


text:
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REAT excitement prevailed when Rouletabille had finished. The court-room became agitated with the murmurings of suppressed applause. Maître Henri Robert called for an adjournment of the trial and was supported in his motion by the public prosecutor himself. The case was adjourned. The next day Monsieur Robert Darzac was released on bail, while Daddy Jacques received the immediate benefit of a "no cause for action." Search was everywhere made for Frédéric Larsan, but in vain. Monsieur Darzac finally escaped the awful calamity which, at one time, had threatened him. After a visit to Mademoiselle Stangerson, he was led to hope that she might, by careful nursing, one day recover her reason.

Rouletabille, naturally, became the "man of the hour." On leaving the Palais de Justice, the crowd bore him aloft in triumph. The press of the whole world published his exploits and his photograph. He, who had interviewed so many illustrious personages, had himself become illustrious and was interviewed in his turn. I am glad to say that the enormous success in no way turned his head.


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 We left Versailles together, after having dined at "The Dog That Smokes." In the train I put a number of questions to him which, during our meal, had been on the tip of my tongue, but which I had refrained from uttering, knowing he did not like to talk "shop" while eating.

"My friend," I said, "that Larsan case is wonderful. It is worthy of you."

He begged me to say no more, and humorously pretended an anxiety for me should I give way to silly praise of him because of a personal admiration for his ability.

"I'll come to the point, then," I said, not a little nettled. "I am still in the dark as to your reason for going to America. When you left the Glandier you had found out, if I rightly understand, all about Frédéric Larsan; you had discovered the exact way he had attempted the murder?"

"Quite so. And you," he said, turning the conversation, "did you suspect nothing?"

"Nothing!"

"It's incredible!"

"I don't see how I could have suspected anything. You took great pains to conceal your thoughts from me.  Had you already suspected Larsan when you sent for me to bring the revolvers?"

"Yes! I had come to that conclusion through the incident of the 'inexplicable gallery.'  Larsan's return to Mademoiselle Stangerson's room, however, had not then been cleared up by the eye-glasses.  My suspicions were the outcome of my reasoning only; and the idea of Larsan being the


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 murderer seemed so extraordinary that I resolved to wait for actual evidence before venturing to act. Nevertheless, the suspicion worried me, and I sometimes spoke to the detective in a way that ought to have opened your eyes. I spoke disparagingly of his methods. But until I found the eye-glasses I could but look upon my suspicion of him in the light of an absurd hypothesis only. You can imagine my elation after I had explained Larsan's movements. I remember well rushing into my room like a mad-man and crying to you: 'I'll get the better of the great Fred. I'll get the better of him in a way that will make a sensation!'

"I was then thinking of Larsan, the murderer. It was that same evening that Darzac begged me to watch over Mademoiselle Stangerson. I made no efforts until after we had dined with Larsan, until ten o'clock.  He was right there before me, and I could afford to wait. You ought to have suspected, because when we were talking of the murderer's arrival, I said to you: 'I am quite sure Larsan will be here to-night.'

"But one important point escaped us both. It was one which ought to have opened our eyes to Larsan.  Do you remember the bamboo cane? I was surprised to find Larsan had made no use of that evidence against Robert Darzac.  Had it not been purchased by a man whose description tallied exactly with that of Darzac?  Well, just before I saw him off at the train, after the recess during the trial, I asked him why he hadn't used the cane evidence.  He told me he had never had any intention of doing so; that our discovery of it in the


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 little inn at Epinay had much embarrassed him. If you will remember, he told us then that the cane had been given him in London. Why did we not immediately say to ourselves: 'Fred is lying. He could not have had this cane in London. He was not in London. He bought it in Paris'? Then you found out, on inquiry at Cassette's, that the cane had been bought by a person dressed very like Robert Darzac, though, as we learned later, from Darzac himself, it was not he who had made the purchase. Couple this with the fact we already knew, from the letter at the poste restante, that there was actually a man in Paris who was passing as Robert Darzac, why did we not immediately fix on Fred himself?

"Of course, his position at the Sûreté was against us; but when we saw the evident eagerness on his part to find convicting evidence against Darzac, nay, even the passion he displayed in his pursuit of the man, the lie about the cane should have had a new meaning for us.  If you ask why Larsan bought the cane, if he had no intention of manufacturing evidence against Darzac by means of it, the answer is quite simple.  He had been wounded in the hand by Mademoiselle Stangerson, so that the cane was useful to enable him to close his hand in carrying it.  You remember I noticed that he always carried it?

"All these details came back to my mind when I had once fixed on Larsan as the criminal. But they were too late then to be of any use to me.  On the evening when he pretended to be drugged I looked at his hand and saw a thin silk bandage


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 covering the signs of a slight healing wound. Had we taken a quicker initiative at the time Larsan told us that lie about the cane, I am certain he would have gone off, to avoid suspicion. All the same, we worried Larsan or Ballmeyer without our knowing it."

"But," I interrupted, "if Larsan had no intention of using the cane as evidence against Darzac, why had he made himself up to look like the man when he went in to buy it?"

"He had not specially 'made up' as Darzac to buy the cane; he had come straight to Cassette's immediately after he had attacked Mademoiselle Stangerson. His wound was troubling him and, as he was passing along the Avenue de l'Opera, the idea of the cane came to his mind and he acted on it.  It was then eight o'clock.  And I, who had hit upon the very hour of the occurrence of the tragedy, almost convinced that Darzac was not the criminal, and knowing of the cane, I still never suspected Larsan.  There are times . . ."

"There are times," I said, "when the greatest intellects . . ." Rouletabille shut my mouth. I still continued to jokejoke with [sic] him, but, finding he did not reply, I saw he was no longer paying any attention to what I was saying. I found he was fast asleep.


text:
Author:Marion Fairfax

Works

 * The Lost World (1925)

title: Author:Marion Fairfax


text:
Portal:Women

Advocacy and women's rights

 * Portal:Feminism
 * Portal:Women's suffrage
 * Statement on International Women's Day, March 8, 2009 by Barack Obama
 * Supporting the Goals of International Women's Day, March 12, 2009 by Carolyn Bosher Maloney

Nature and biology

 * The Condition of Women from a Zoological Point of View
 * The Condition of Women from a Zoological Point of View
 * The Condition of Women from a Zoological Point of View
 * The Condition of Women from a Zoological Point of View

Life and society

 * The severall Habits of English Women and Theatru Mulierum by Wenceslaus Hollar (1640s)
 * Essays on Various Subjects; Principally Designed for Young Ladies, by Hannah More, 1777
 * Thoughts on the Education of Daughters, by Mary Wollstonecraft, 1787
 * Woman's Position According to the Bible (1885) by Annie Besant
 * To Women from What to Do?, 1887 by Leo Tolstoy, translated by Isabel F. Hapgood
 * Of Women from Studies in Pessimism, 1880-90s by Arthur Schopenhauer, translated by Thomas Bailey Saunders
 * Workhouses and women's work (1858) by Louisa Twining
 * An address to women (1885)  by Harvey Goodwin
 * The Future of Single Women (1884) by Frances Henrietta Müller
 * A brief summary, in plain language, of the most important laws concerning women, together with a few observations thereon (1854) by Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon
 * The Education and Employment of Women (1868) by Josephine Elizabeth Grey Butler
 * English laws for women in the nineteenth century (1854) by Caroline Norton
 * The Future of Single Women (1884) by Frances Henrietta Müller
 * A brief summary, in plain language, of the most important laws concerning women, together with a few observations thereon (1854) by Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon
 * The Education and Employment of Women (1868) by Josephine Elizabeth Grey Butler
 * English laws for women in the nineteenth century (1854) by Caroline Norton

Professions and industry

 * "Medicine as a Profession for Women" (1860) by Elizabeth Blackwell and Emily Blackwell
 * "Medicine as a Profession for Women" (1862) by Emily Davies
 * The Relations of Women to Crime
 * The Relations of Women to Crime
 * The Relations of Women to Crime
 * The Relations of Women to Crime

Female education

 * Portal:Female education
 * The Higher Education of Women (1866) by Emily Davies
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 * A Woman of the Century (1893) edited by Frances Elizabeth Willard and Mary Ashton Rice Livermore
 * Notable Irishwomen (1900) by Catherine Jane Hamilton

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 * The Lady's Realm (1896–1914)

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 * Women, 1922 by Louise Bogan

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title: Portal:Women


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URING the days that followed I had several opportunities to question him as to his reason for his voyage to America, but I obtained no more precise answers than he had given me on the evening of the adjournment of the trial, when we were on the train for Paris. One day, however, on my still pressing him, he said:

"Can't you understand that I had to know Larsan's true personality?"

"No doubt," I said, "but why did you go to America to find that out?"

He sat smoking his pipe, and made no further reply. I began to see that I was touching on the secret that concerned Mademoiselle Stangerson. Rouletabille evidently had found it necessary to go to America to find out what the mysterious tie was that bound her to Larsan by so strange and terrible a bond. In America he had learned who Larsan was and had obtained information which closed his mouth. He had been to Philadelphia.

And now, what was this mystery which held Mademoiselle Stangerson and Monsieur Robert Darzac in so inexplicable a silence? After so many years and the publicity given the case by a curious and shameless press; now that Monsieur Stangerson knows all and has forgiven all, all may be told.


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 In every phase of this remarkable story Mademoiselle Stangerson had always been the sufferer.

The beginning dates from the time when, as a young girl, she was living with her father in Philadelphia. A visitor at the house, a Frenchman, had succeeded by his wit, grace and persistent attention, in gaining her affections. He was said to be rich and had asked her of her father. Monsieur Stangerson, on making inquiries as to Monsieur Jean Roussel, found that the man was a swindler and an adventurer. Jean Roussel was but another of the many names under which the notorious Ballmeyer, a fugitive from France, tried to hide himself. Monsieur Stangerson did not know of his identity with Ballmeyer; he learned that the man was simply undesirable for his daughter. He not only refused to give his consent to the marriage but denied him admission into the house. Mathilde Stangerson, however, had fallen in love. To her Jean Roussel was everything that her love painted him. She was indignant at her father's attitude, and did not conceal her feelings. Her father sent her to stay with an aunt in Cincinnati. There she was joined by Jean Roussel and, in spite of the reverence she felt for her father, ran away with him to get married.

They went to Louisville and lived there for some time. One morning, however, a knock came at the door of the house in which they were and the police entered to arrest Jean Roussel. It was then that Mathilde Stangerson, or Roussel, learned that her husband was no other than the notorious Ballmeyer!


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 The young woman in her despair tried to commit suicide. She failed in this, and was forced to rejoin her aunt in Cincinnati, The old lady was overjoyed to see her again. She had been anxiously searching for her and had not dared to tell Monsieur Stangerson of her disappearance. Mathilde swore her to secrecy, so that her father should not know she had been away. A month later, Mademoiselle Stangerson returned to her father, repentant, her heart dead within her, hoping only one thing: that she would never again see her husband, the horrible Ballmeyer. A report was spread, a few weeks later, that he was dead, and she now determined to atone for her disobedience by a life of labour and devotion for her father. And she kept her word.

All this she had confessed to Robert Darzac, and, believing Ballmeyer dead, had given herself to the joy of a union with him. But fate had resuscitated Jean Roussel—the Ballmeyer of her youth. He had taken steps to let her know that he would never allow her to marry Darzac—that he still loved her.

Mademoiselle Stangerson never for one moment hesitated to confide in Monsieur Darzac. She showed him the letter in which Jean Roussel asked her to recall the first hours of their union in their beautiful and charming Louisville home. "The presbytery has lost nothing of its charm, nor the garden its brightness," he had written. The scoundrel pretended to be rich and claimed the right of taking her back to Louisville. She had told Darzac that if her father should know of her


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 she would kill herself. Monsieur Darzac had sworn to silence her persecutor, even if he had to kill him. He was outwitted and would have succumbed had it not been for the genius of Rouletabille.

Mademoiselle Stangerson was herself helpless in the hands of such a villain. She had tried to kill him when he had first threatened and then attacked her in The Yellow Room. She had, unfortunately, failed, and felt herself condemned to be for ever at the mercy of this unscrupulous wretch who was continually demanding her presence at clandestine interviews. When he sent her the letter through the Post Office, asking her to meet him, she had refused. The result of her refusal was the tragedy of The Yellow Room. The second time he wrote asking for a meeting, the letter reaching her in her sick chamber, she had avoided him by sleeping with her servants. In that letter the scoundrel had warned her that, since she was too ill to come to him, he would come to her, and that he would be in her chamber at a particular hour on a particular night. Knowing that she had everything to fear from Ballmeyer, she had left her chamber on that night. It was then that the incident of the "inexplicable gallery" occurred.

The third time she had determined to keep the appointment. He asked for it in the letter he had written in her own room, on the night of the incident in the gallery, which he left on her desk. In that letter he threatened to burn her father's papers if she did not meet him. It was to rescue these papers that she made up her mind to see him.


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 She did not for one moment doubt that the wretch would carry out his threat if she persisted in avoiding him, and in that case the labours of her father's lifetime would be for ever lost. Since the meeting was thus inevitable, she resolved to see her husband and appeal to his better nature. It was for this interview that she had prepared herself on the night the keeper was killed. They did meet, and what passed between them may be imagined. He insisted that she renounce Darzac. She, on her part, affirmed her love for him. He stabbed her in his anger, determined to convict Darzac of the crime. As Larsan he could do it, and had so managed things that Darzac could never explain how he had employed the time of his absence from the château. Ballmeyer's precautions were most cunningly taken.

Larsan had threatened Darzac as he had threatened Mathilde—with the same weapon, and the same threats. He wrote Darzac urgent letters, declaring himself ready to deliver up the letters that had passed between him and his wife, and to leave them for ever, if he would pay him his price. He asked Darzac to meet him for the purpose of arranging the matter, appointing the time when Larsan would be with Mademoiselle Stangerson. When Darzac went to Epinay, expecting to find Ballmeyer or Larsan there, he was met by an accomplice of Larsan's, and kept waiting until such time as the "coincidence" could be established.

It was all done with Machiavellian cunning; but Ballmeyer had reckoned without Joseph Rouletabille.


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 Now that the Mystery of The Yellow Room has been cleared up, this is not the time to tell of Rouletabille's adventures in America. Knowing the young reporter as we do, we can understand with what acumen he had traced, step by step, the story of Mathilde Stangerson and Jean Roussel. At Philadelphia he had quickly informed himself as to Arthur William Rance. There he learned of Rance's act of devotion and the reward he thought himself entitled to for it. A rumour of his marriage with Mademoiselle Stangerson had once found its way into the drawing-rooms of Philadelphia. He also learned of Rance's continued attentions to her and his importunities for her hand. He had taken to drink, he had said, to drown his grief at his unrequited love. It can now be understood why Rouletabille had shown so marked a coolness of demeanour towards Rance when they met in the witnesses' room, on the day of the trial.

The strange Roussel-Stangerson mystery had now been laid bare. Who was this Jean Roussel? Rouletabille had traced him from Philadelphia to Cincinnati. In Cincinnati he became acquainted with the old aunt, and had found means to open her mouth. The story of Ballmeyer's arrest threw the right light on the whole story. He visited the "presbytery"—a small and pretty dwelling in the old colonial style—which had, indeed, "lost nothing of its charm." Then, abandoning his pursuit of traces of Mademoiselle Stangerson, he took up those of Ballmeyer. He followed them from prison to prison, from crime to crime. Finally,


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 as he was about leaving for Europe, he learned in New York that Ballmeyer had, five years before, embarked for France with some valuable papers belonging to a merchant of New Orleans whom he had murdered.

And yet the whole of this mystery has not been revealed. Mademoiselle Stangerson had a child, by her husband,—a son. The infant was born in the old aunt's house. No one knew of it, so well had the aunt managed to conceal the event.

What became of that son?—That is another story which, so far, I am not permitted to relate.

About two months after these events, I came upon Rouletabille sitting on a bench in the Palais de Justice, looking very depressed.

"What's the matter, old man?" I asked. "You are looking very downcast. How are your friends getting on?"

"Apart from you," he said, "I have no friends."

"I hope that Monsieur Darzac—"

"No doubt."

"And Mademoiselle Stangerson—How is she?"

"Better—much better."

"Then you ought not to be sad."

"I am sad," he said, "because I am thinking of the perfume of the lady in black—"

"The perfume of the lady in black!—I have


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162 charge of Sergeant (afterward Lieutenant) Tiffany, assisted by some of our best men, like Stephens, Crowninshield, Bradley, Smith, and Herrig. The guns were mounted on tripods. They were too heavy for men to carry any distance and we could not always get mules. They would have been more effective if mounted on wheels, as the Gatlings were. Moreover, they proved more delicate than the Gatlings, and very readily got out of order. A further and serious disadvantage was that they did not use the Krag ammunition, as the Gatlings did, but the Mauser ammunition. The Spanish cartridges which we captured came in quite handily for this reason. Parker took the same fatherly interest in these two Colts that he did in the dynamite gun, and finally I put all three and their men under his immediate care, so that he had a battery of seven guns.

In fact, I think Parker deserved rather more credit than any other one man in the entire campaign. I do not allude especially to his courage and energy, great though they were, for there were hundreds of his fellow-officers of the cavalry and infantry who possessed as much of the former quality, and scores who possessed as much of the latter; but he had the rare good judgment and foresight to see the possibilities of the machine-guns, and thanks to the aid of General Shafter, he was able to


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Rh heard you often refer to it. Tell me why it troubles you."

"Perhaps—some day; some day," said Rouletabille.

And he heaved a profound sigh.


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Rh his battery. He then, by his own exertions, got it to the front and proved that it could do invaluable work on the field of battle, as much in attack as in defence. Parker's Gatlings were our inseparable companions throughout the siege. After our trenches were put in final shape, he took off the wheel's of a couple and placed them with our own two Colts in the trenches. His gunners slept beside the Rough Riders in the bomb-proofs, and the men shared with one another when either side got a supply of beans or of coffee and sugar; for Parker was as wide-awake and energetic in getting food for his men as we prided ourselves upon being in getting food for ours. Besides, he got oil, and let our men have plenty for their rifles. At no hour of the day or night was Parker anywhere but where we wished him to be in the event of an attack. If I was ordered to send a troop of Rough Riders to guard some road or some break in the lines, we usually got Parker to send a Gatling along, and whether the change was made by day or by night, the Gatlings went, over any ground and in any weather. He never exposed the Gatlings needlessly or unless there was some object to be gained, but if serious fighting broke out, he always took a hand. Sometimes this fighting would be the result of an effort on our part to quell the fire from the Spanish trenches; sometimes the Spaniards took the


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70 May I send you another version of the All Souls' Day rhyme given by Miss Burne in her Staffordshire Notes? At Hilderstone, on the borders of Derbyshire, forty years ago, the boys used to sing —

This was called "going souling." I do not think we had any May-day observances, but Christmas brought guisers; one of them was St. George, who fought and killed the Prince of Paradise. Our mistletoe bush was quite "a golden bough," decorated with oranges and coloured ribbons, and it hung till Shrove Tuesday, when the pancakes were supposed to be cooked over it. Trusting you will pardon my troubling you with these old memories, 80, Woodstock Road., Oxford.

(Vol. vii., p. 382.) After describing the horn-dance at Abbot's Bromley, in her article on "Staffordshire Folk and their Lore," Miss Burne draws the conclusion that the primary intention of the performance was the assertion of some ancient common right or privilege in regard to the chase. May not this be the secondary rather than the first signification of the custom ? Is it not possible that in origin the dance resembled the buffalo-dance of some North American Indian tribes, and that by natural evolution and transformation


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Rh it gradually acquired a different meaning? I have no proper books of reference on the subject at hand, but I find in the Rev. J. G. Wood's account of the Mandan Indians, which is probably taken from Catlin, that the buffalo-dance was a sacred exercise performed to bring the bison, commonly known as buffalo, within reach, when hunters failed to find game. Among the Mandans every man had a buffalo mask, i.e. the skin of the head, with the horns attached to it, and to the head was usually added a strip of skin, some four or five inches wide, extending along the whole length of the animal, and including the tail. When the wearer put on his mask, the strip of skin hung down his back, and the tail dragged on the ground behind him. Thus accoutred the dancers moved in a circle imitating the actions of the buffalo; and the dance went on without cessation till the longed-for animals were discovered, and all fear of death from hunger was over for the time being. No doubt other instances of procuring game by prefiguring its appearance might easily be found. The idea that to imitate or to speak of a thing, or event, causes it to appear, or to happen, is very common. The prejudice against direct mention of the Devil springs, in a great degree, from the feeling that he will become visible after his name has been uttered. It is also a widely accepted belief that to allude to one's good fortune in escaping sorrow or vexation of any kind brings the trouble to pass. A merely verbal representation of the evil suffices to cause its arrival. Has anyone ever attempted to trace back the hobby-horse of the horn-dance and other similar festivals to pre-Christian days? At Padstow, in Cornwall, the hobby-horse, after being taken round the town during the Maytide fête, was submerged in the sea, which suggests that the sacrifice of horses, or their mimic representatives, to water was once practised in Britain. This idea is further confirmed by the fact that many sprites connected with rivers, lakes, and marshes are equine in form, although others are bovine, because, it is to be assumed, cattle were also used as offerings.


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164 ; but at whatever hour of the twenty-four serious fighting began, the drumming of the Gatlings was soon heard through the cracking of our own carbines.

I have spoken thus of Parker's Gatling detachment. How can I speak highly enough of the regular cavalry with whom it was our good fortune to serve? I do not believe that in any army of the world could be found a more gallant and soldierly body of fighters than the officers and men of the First, Third, Sixth, Ninth, and Tenth United States Cavalry, beside whom we marched to blood-bought victory under the tropic skies of Santiago. The American regular sets the standard of excellence. When we wish to give the utmost possible praise to a volunteer organization, we say that it is as good as the regulars. I was exceedingly proud of the fact that the regulars treated my regiment as on a complete equality with themselves, and were as ready to see it in a post of danger and responsibility as to see any of their own battalions. Lieutenant-Colonel Dorst, a man from whom praise meant a good deal, christened us "the Eleventh United States Horse," and we endeavored, I think I may say successfully, to show that we deserved the title by our conduct, not only in fighting and in marching, but in guarding the trenches and in policing camp. In less than sixty days the regiment


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Rh had been raised, organized, armed, equipped, drilled, mounted, dismounted, kept for a fortnight on transports, and put through two victorious aggressive fights in very difficult country, the loss in killed and wounded amounting to a quarter of those engaged. This is a record which it is not easy to match in the history of volunteer organizations. The loss was but small compared to that which befell hundreds of regiments in some of the great battles of the later years of the Civil War; but it may be doubted whether there was any regiment which made such a record during the first months of any of our wars.

After the battle of San Juan my men had really become veterans; they and I understood each other perfectly, and trusted each other implicitly; they knew I would share every hardship and danger with them, would do everything in my power to see that they were fed, and so far as might be, sheltered and spared; and in return I knew that they would endure every kind of hardship and fatigue without a murmur and face every danger with entire fearlessness. I felt utter confidence in them, and would have been more than willing to put them to any task which any crack regiment of the world, at home or abroad, could perform. They were natural fighters, men of great intelligence, great courage, great hardihood, and physical prowess; and I could draw on these qualities and upon their spirit of ready,


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166 obedience to make up for any deficiencies in the technique of the trade which they had temporarily adopted. It must be remembered that they were already good individual fighters, skilled in the use of the horse and the rifle, so that there was no need of putting them through the kind of training in which the ordinary raw recruit must spend his first year or two.

On July 2d, as the day wore on, the fight, though raging fitfully at intervals, gradually died away. The Spanish guerillas were causing us much trouble. They showed great courage, exactly as did their soldiers who were defending the trenches. In fact, the Spaniards throughout showed precisely the qualities they did early in the century, when, as every student will remember, their fleets were a helpless prey to the English warships, and their armies utterly unable to stand in the open against those of Napoleon's marshals, while on the other hand their guerillas performed marvelous feats, and their defence of intrenchments and walled towns, as at Saragossa and Gerona, were the wonder of the civilized world.

In our front their sharp-shooters crept up before dawn and either lay in the thick jungle or climbed into some tree with dense foliage. In these places it proved almost impossible to place them, as they kept cover very carefully, and their smokeless


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 Dio, Book I. "When, at the risk not only of his safety but even of his life, he encountered danger in your behalf."

Numa dwelt on the hill called Quirinal, because was he a Sabine, but he had his official residence on the Sacred Way; he used to spend his time near the temple of Vesta, although occasionally he would remain in the country.

Dio says: "It is my desire to write a history of all the memorable achievements of the Romans, as well in time of peace as in war, so that no one, whether

He bade me tell you that he has become a god and is called Quirinus and also bade me admonish you by all means to choose someone as king without delay, and to continue to live under this form of government." At this announcement all believed and were relieved of their disquietude. They straightway built a temple to Quirinus, and unanimously decided to continue to be ruled by a king; but here their accord ended. The original Roman element and the Sabines who had settled among them each demanded that the king be chosen from their own ranks, with the result that the state was left without a ruler. For a whole year, accordingly, the senate exercised the supreme power, assigning the command for five days at a time to the most distinguished senators in rotation; these were called interreges.


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Rh betrayed not the slightest sign of their whereabouts. They caused us a great deal of annoyance and some little loss, and though our own sharp-shooters were continually taking shots at the places where they supposed them to be, and though occasionally we would play a Gatling or a Colt all through the top of a suspicious tree, I but twice saw Spaniards brought down out of their perches from in front of our lines—on each occasion the fall of the Spaniard being hailed with loud cheers by our men.

These sharp-shooters in our front did perfectly legitimate work, and were entitled to all credit for their courage and skill. It was different with the guerillas in our rear. Quite a number of these had been posted in trees at the time of the San Juan fight. They were using, not Mausers, but Remingtons, which shot smokeless powder and a brass-coated bullet. It was one of these bullets which had hit Winslow Clark by my side on Kettle Hill; and though for long-range fighting the Remingtons were, of course, nothing like as good as the Mausers, they were equally serviceable for short-range bush work, as they used smokeless powder. When our troops advanced and the Spaniards in the trenches and in reserve behind the hill fled, the guerillas in the trees had no time to get away and in consequence were left in the rear of our lines. As we


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168 found out from the prisoners we took, the Spanish officers had been careful to instil into the minds of their soldiers the belief that the Americans never granted quarter, and I suppose it was in consequence of this that the guerillas did not surrender; for we found that the Spaniards were anxious enough to surrender as soon as they became convinced that we would treat them mercifully. At any rate, these guerillas kept up in their trees and showed not only courage but wanton cruelty and barbarity. At times they fired upon armed men in bodies, but they much preferred for their victims the unarmed attendants, the doctors, the chaplains, the hospital stewards. They fired at the men who were bearing off the wounded in litters; they fired at the doctors who came to the front, and at the chaplains who started to hold burial service; the conspicuous Red Cross brassard worn by all of these non-combatants, instead of serving as a protection, seemed to make them the special objects of the guerilla fire. So annoying did they become that I sent out that afternoon and next morning a detail of picked sharp-shooters to hunt them out, choosing, of course, first-class woodsmen and mountain men who were also good shots. My sharp-shooters felt very vindictively toward these guerillas and showed them no quarter. They started systematically to hunt them, and showed themselves much


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Rh superior at the guerillas' own game, killing eleven, while not one of my men was scratched. Two of the men who did conspicuously good service in this work were Troopers Goodwin and Proffit, both of Arizona, but one by birth a Californian and the other a North Carolinian. Goodwin was a natural shot, not only with the rifle and revolver, but with the sling. Proffit might have stood as a type of the mountaineers described by John Fox and Miss Murfree. He was a tall, sinewy, handsome man of remarkable strength, an excellent shot and a thoroughly good soldier. His father had been a Confederate officer, rising from the ranks, and if the war had lasted long enough the son would have risen in the same manner. As it was, I should have been glad to have given him a commission, exactly as I should have been glad to have given a number of others in the regiment commissions, if I had only had them. Proffit was a saturnine, reserved man, who afterward fell very sick with the fever, and who, as a reward for his soldierly good conduct, was often granted unusual privileges; but he took the fever and the privileges with the same iron indifference, never grumbling, and never expressing satisfaction.

The sharp-shooters returned by nightfall. Soon afterward I established my pickets and outposts well to the front in the jungle, so as to prevent all


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Author:Charles Dibdin (1849-1910)

Works

 * (in part)

title: Author:Charles Dibdin (1849-1910)


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Page:The Life of Michael Angelo.djvu/246

 Perdo la voce e la riposta mia, E subito s'arrende il gran desio. Tu m'entrasti per gli ochi, ond'io mi spargo Come grappol d'agresto in un' ampolla, Che doppo 'l collo crescie, ov'è piu largo. Cosi I'inmagin tua, che fuor m'inmolla, Dentro per gli ochi crescie, ond' io m'allargo. Come pelle ove gonfia la midolla. Entrando in me per si strecto viaggio, Che tu mai n'esca, ardir creder non aggio. ("Poems," xxxvi.)

VI

See p. 54, note 2

Com' aro dunque ardire Senza vo' ma', mio ben, tenermi 'n vita, S'io non posso al partir chiedervi aita? Que' singulti e que' pianti e que' sospiri Che 'l miser core voi accompagnorno. Madonna, duramente dimostrorno La mia propinqua morte, e' miei martiri. Ma se ver è, che per assenzia mai Mia fedel servitu vadia in obblio, Il cor lasso con voi, che non è mio. ("Poems," xi.)

VII

See pp. 81 and 82

Per molti, Donna, anzi per mille amanti Creata fusti e d'angelica forma; Or par, che 'l ciel si dorma, S'un sol s'apropria quel ch'è dato a tanti.


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 3 4.0 XLViii. MVRTACEiK. [Melaleuca. Leaves mostly opposite or neaily so, from broadly ovate-cordate to ovate-lan- ceolate, 5 or 7-uerved, rigid, aciite, ahnost piin2;pnt, mostly 3 to 4 liues and rarelv - in. long. Flowers yellowish-white, scssile in oblong or cylindrical spikcs of aboiit"l to 2 in., at first terminal, but the axis oftcn growing out before thc tiowcring is over, or the flowers from the first mncli below the ends of the branchcs, the floral-leaves or bracts sometimes almost like the stem- leaves, but usnally shortcr, broader and sometinies reduced to sniall coloured bracts. Calx-tube ovoid, above 1 line loug; lobes very short, herbaccous, obtuse, Pctals scarcely 1 line long. Stamens rarely above 3 lines long, very shortly unitcd in bundles of 8 to 1 2 or abnost free; authcrs obloug. Ovulcs uot vcry numcrous in each cell, ercct on a short 2-lobed phicenta. Fruiting- spikes rather dense, but not closelv corapact as in the CapitatfS. — DC. Prod. iii. 215; Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii." 28. t. 169; Bot. Mag. t. 1935; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 129; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1130; M. myrtifoUa, Vent. Jard. Mahu. t. 47. N. S. Wales. Port Jacksoa to the Blue Mountains, Franer, R. Cunningham, and oIIhts; Ulawarra, SJieplierd. Victoria. JNlarshus of the Yarra, F. Maeller; nioist hcaths on the Glenelg, Robertson; riirtl:nul, J/litf. Tasmania. Port Dah-ymple, R. Brown; abundant in moist sandy soil, /. Z). Hooker. S. Australia. Katigaioo Island, R. Brown; towards Rivoli Bay, F. Mueller. . M. eleutherostachya, F. MupU. Jmgm.. iii. 117. A tall bushy shrub with virgatc branchcs, glabrous excc])t the inflorescence. Leaves oppo- site, linear or lanccohxte, mo.stly erect and recurvcd, acuminate with a sliort recurved point, fllit or concave, nerveless or 3-nerved, o  in. long. Flowcrs (wliite?) in obloug or cylindrical spikes of about 1 iu., not very dense, lateral aud sessile or shortly pedmiculate on Ihe okl wood, the axis very rarely growiug out into a lcafy branch, the rhachis woolly, Calyx-tube nearly glabrous, canipanulate, |- to f line long; lobes as long as the tube, or- bicular and much imbricate, rigid and striate, with a narrow scarious minutely ciliate bordcr. Pctals about 1 line diameter, not striate. Staminal bundles about 5 liucs long, the claws narrow, nuudi longcr than the pctals, each with 15 or more filamcuts at thc end. Ovulcs rathcr numerous, erect on a short ph)ceuta; stigma not dilated. Fruiting-spikc dense, rarcly above 1 in, long; calyxcs ncarly globular, l^ to 2 lines diameter, crowned by the per- sistcut inllcxcd lobes. Cotyledons broad, concave or slightly foldcd. W. AuBtralia. Murchison rivei, Ohlfield; Sharks' Bay, Mihie. Var. alietina. Morc rigid. Leaves spreading, short, very rigid, decussatc ou the youngcr branches. — lirnmmotid bili Coll. n. 160, /. S. Roe. . M. linariifolia, Sm. in Trons. Linn. Soc. iii. 278, and Exot. Bot. t. 56. A tall trcc, with slcnder branches, the young shoots and inflorescence us lally pubescent, the adidt foliage glabrous and often glaucous. Leaves mostly opposite, linear or linear-lanceolate, concave or keeled, rigid, acute, f to . long. Flowers in distinct pairs, in rather dense spikes of 1 to  in., at first tcrminal or in the upper axils, the axis soon growing out into a leafy branch, thc rhnchis and calyxcs more or less pubescent, Calyx-tul)e ovoid-globular, 1 to lines long; lobes shorter, broad, obtuse, with scarious or petal-like margins. Petals about twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Sta-


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170 possibility of surprise. After dark, fires suddenly shot up on the mountain passes far to our right. They all rose together and we could make nothing of them. After a good deal of consultation, we decided they must be some signals to the Spaniards in Santiago, from the troops marching to reinforce them from without—for we were ignorant that the reinforcements had already reached the city, the Cubans being quite unable to prevent the Spanish regulars from marching wherever they wished. While we were thus pondering over the watch-fires and attributing them to Spanish machinations of some sort, it appears that the Spaniards, equally puzzled, were setting them down as an attempt at communication between the insurgents and our army. Both sides were accordingly on the alert, and the Spaniards must have strengthened their outlying parties in the jungle ahead of us, for they suddenly attacked one of our pickets, wounding Crockett seriously. He was brought in by the other troopers. Evidently the Spanish lines felt a little nervous, for this sputter of shooting was immediately followed by a tremendous fire of great guns and rifles from their trenches and batteries. Our men in the trenches responded heavily, and word was sent back, not only to me, but to the commanders in the rear of the regiments along our line, that the Spaniards were attacking. It was


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 Melaleiica.'] XLviii. myrtace.t;. 14-1 miual biindles often ^ in. loiig or inore, tlie clnws lonp: nnd naiTOw, soine- tinies tiliform, eaeli with nuinerous pinnately-arraiioed iilameuts ; antliers very small. Ovules very nuinerous iti eacli cell, covering a peltate piacenta; style ratlier thick, with a broadly capitate stio-ina. Fruiting-calyx not mucli enlarg'ed. Seeds miiuite, cuueate ; cotyledons not foided and not much longer than the radicle. — DC. Prod. iii. 214 ; Metrosideros hyssopifoiia, Cav. lc. iv. 20. t. 3S6. Queensland. Moreton Bay, C. Stuart. N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Fraser, and otbers ; Hastiiigs river, Beckler. Var. tnchostachya. Leaves usnally smaller. Flowers smaller in looser spikes. Braets very narrovv. Stanieiis more crowdeil on a shorter claw. Fruiting;-calyx ratlier raore open. — M. trichostach>ja, I.indl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 277; Belyando river, Mitchell ; Burdekin and Gilbert rivers and along the N.E. Coast, F. Mueller; Cooper's Creek, HowiiVs Ex- pedition. . M. radula, Liudl. Swan Riv. App. 8. A tall glabrous shrub with virgate branclies. Leaves opposite, linear, acute, concave or with involute margins, f to or even 3 iu. long, nerveless or obscurely 1-nerved. Flowers piuk or wliite, rather large, closely sessile in pairs at the base or below the ends of leafy branchlets, the pairs distant or rarely forining iiiterrupted spikes. Calyx-tube glabrous, attached by the broad base, 1 to 1|^ lines long aud often broader tlian long ; lobes very short and broad, usnaliy reduced to a narrow scarious rim. Petals 2 to 3 lines diameter. Staminal bundles attaining nearly in., the claws usually shorter than the petals, each with very nume- rous (50 to 60 or more) filaments on the inner face as well as on the edges ; anthers small. Oviiles numerous in each cell, covering a peltate placenta ; style rather thick, with a broad peltate stigraa. Fruiting-calyx when perfect globular, smooth, 3 to 4 lines diameter, but often scarcely enlarged althoimh appareutly ripe. Seeds linear-cuneate ; cotyledons seraiterete or slightly folded. — Schau. in PI. Preiss. i. 145. ViT. Australia. Swan Biver, Bnimtnond, st CoU. ; Canning river, Preiss, n. 306, 307 ; Cbampiou Bay aud Murchisou river, Oldfield. The foliage is that of M.fulgens, but the Howcrs are very diftercut. . M. pulchella, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. iv. 414. A spread- ing shrub of 2 to 3 ft., usually glabrous. Leaves scattered, oblong or ovate, obtuse, spreading or recurved, rarely exceeding 2 lines, rigid, nerveless or obscurely 1- or 2-nerved. Flowers rather large, solitary or 2 or 3 together below the ends of the branches. Calyx-tube glabrous, adnate by its broad base, especially after flowering, about 1 line long and often broader than loug; lobes scarcely shorter than the tube, ovate-triangular, herbaceous. Petals 2^ lines diameter. Staminal bundles 4 lines to nearly in. long but inflexed so as to appear short, the claws exceeding the petals, each with a few filameuts at the end and very numerous shorter oiies on the inner face especially near the base. Ovules exceedingly numerous, covering a peltate placenta ; style clavate at the end but the stigma scarcely dilated. Pruiting-calyx urceolate- globular, 3 lines long or rather more, crowned by the persistent spreading lobes.— DC. Prod. iii. 214 ; M. densa, Colla, Hort. Eipul. App. 3. t. 4 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 200; M. serpylUfolia,J).m. Cours. according to DG. W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Brown ; King George's Souud, and to the eastward,


text: Author:Henry Dwight Chapin

title: Author:Henry Dwight Chapin


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Rh to see what was really going on, so I ran up to the trenches and looked out. At night it was far easier to place the Spanish lines than by day, because the flame-spurts shone in the darkness. I could soon tell that there were bodies of Spanish pickets or skirmishers in the jungle-covered valley, between their lines and ours, but that the bulk of the fire came from their trenches and showed not the slightest symptom of advancing; moreover, as is generally the case at night, the fire was almost all high, passing well overhead, with an occasional bullet near by.

I came to the conclusion that there was no use in our firing back under such circumstances; and I could tell that the same conclusion had been reached by Captain Ayres of the Tenth Cavalry on the right of my line, for even above the cracking of the carbines rose the Captain's voice as with varied and picturesque language he bade his black troopers cease firing. The Captain was as absolutely fearless as a man can be. He had command of his regimental trenches that night, and, having run up at the first alarm, had speedily satisfied himself that no particular purpose was served by blazing away in the dark, when the enormous majority of the Spaniards were simply shooting at random from their own trenches, and, if they ever had thought of advancing, had certainly given up the idea. His


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172 troopers were devoted to him, would follow him anywhere, and would do anything he said; but when men get firing at night it is rather difficult to stop them, especially when the fire of the enemy in front continues unabated. When he first reached the trenches it was impossible to say whether or not there was an actual night attack impending, and he had been instructing his men, as I instructed mine, to fire low, cutting the grass in front. As soon as he became convinced that there was no night attack, he ran up and down the line adjuring and commanding the troopers to cease shooting, with words and phrases which were doubtless not wholly unlike those which the Old Guard really did use at Waterloo.

As I ran down my own line, I could see him coming up his, and he saved me all trouble in stopping the fire at the right, where the lines met, for my men there all dropped everything to listen to him and cheer and laugh. Soon we got the troopers in hand, and made them cease firing; then, after a while the Spanish fire died down. At the time we spoke of this as a night attack by the Spaniards, but it really was not an attack at all. Ever after my men had a great regard for Ayres, and would have followed him anywhere.

I shall never forget the way in which he scolded his huge, devoted black troopers, generally ending


text:
Author:Charles Victor Cherbuliez

Works

 * Joseph Noirel's Revenge, 1872
 * Count Kostia a novel, 1873
 * Prosper, a novel translated by Charles Astor Bristed, 1874
 * Miss Rovel, 1875
 * Samuel Brohl and company, 1877
 * Meta Holdenis, 1877
 * The wish of his life. 1878
 * Jean Têterol's idea, 1878
 * A stroke of diplomacy, 1880
 * Blue-eyed Meta Holdenis, and a stroke of diplomacy, 1881 Translations of "Meta Holdenis," and "Le Roi Apépi."
 * Profils étrangers, 1889
 * A love match, 1889
 * Paule Méré

Works about Cherbuliez

 * Cherbuliez (France) in "Half-hours with foreign novelists" by Helen Zimmern and Alice Zimmern, 1882
 * Victor Cherbuliez in "Essays on French novelists" by George Saintsbury, 1891

title: Author:Charles Victor Cherbuliez


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Rh with "I'm ashamed of you, ashamed of you! I wouldn't have believed it! Firing; when I told you to stop! I'm ashamed of you!"

That night we spent in perfecting the trenches and arranging entrances to them, doing about as much work as we had the preceding night. Greenway and Goodrich, from their energy, eagerness to do every duty, and great physical strength, were peculiarly useful in this work; as, indeed, they were in all work. They had been up practically the entire preceding night, but they were too good men for me to spare them, nor did they wish to be spared; and I kept them up all this night too. Goodrich had also been on guard as officer of the day the night we were at El Paso, so that it turned out that he spent nearly four days and three nights with practically hardly any sleep at all.

Next morning, at daybreak, the firing began again. This day, the 3d, we suffered nothing, save having one man wounded by a sharp-shooter, and, thanks to the approaches to the trenches, we were able to relieve the guards without any difficulty. The Spanish sharp-shooters in the trees and jungle nearby, however, annoyed us very much, and I made preparations to fix them next day. With this end in view I chose out some twenty first-class men, in many instances the same that I had sent after the guerillas, and arranged that each should take his


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174 canteen and a little food. They were to slip into the jungle between us and the Spanish lines before dawn next morning, and there to spend the day, getting as close to the Spanish lines as possible, moving about with great stealth, and picking off any hostile sharp-shooter, as well as any soldier who exposed himself in the trenches. I had plenty of men who possessed a training in wood-craft that fitted them for this work; and as soon as the rumor got abroad what I was planning, volunteers thronged to me. Daniels and Love were two of the men always to the front in any enterprise of this nature; so were Wadsworth, the two Bulls, Fortescue, and Cowdin. But I could not begin to name all the troopers who so eagerly craved the chance to win honor out of hazard and danger.

Among them was good, solemn Fred Herrig, the Alsatian. I knew Fred's patience and skill as a hunter from the trips we had taken together after deer and mountain sheep through the Bad Lands of the Little Missouri. He still spoke English with what might be called Alsatian variations—he always spoke of the gun detail as the "góndêtle," with the accent on the first syllable—and he expressed a wish to be allowed "a holiday from the gondetle to go after dem gorrillas." I told him he could have the holiday, but to his great disappointment the truce came first, and then Fred asked that, inasmuch as


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Rh the "gorrillas" were now forbidden game, he might be allowed to go after guinea-hens instead.

Even after the truce, however, some of my sharp-shooters had occupation, for two guerillas in our rear took occasional shots at the men who were bathing in a pond, until one of our men spied them, when they were both speedily brought down. One of my riflemen who did best at this kind of work, by the way, got into trouble because of it. He was much inflated by my commendation of him, and when he went back to his troop he declined to obey the first Sergeant's orders on the ground that he was "the Colonel's sharp-shooter." The Lieutenant in command, being somewhat puzzled, brought him to me, and I had to explain that if the offence, disobedience of orders in face of the enemy, was repeated he might incur the death penalty; whereat he looked very crestfallen. That afternoon he got permission, like Fred Herrig, to go after guinea-hens, which were found wild in some numbers round about; and he sent me the only one he got as a peace offering. The few guinea-hens thus procured were all used for the sick.

Dr. Church had established a little field hospital under the shoulder of the hill in our rear. He was himself very sick and had almost nothing in the way of medicine or supplies or apparatus of any kind, but the condition of the wounded in the big field


text: Author:William Henry Mahoney Christie

title: Author:William Henry Mahoney Christie


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176 hospitals in the rear was so horrible, from the lack of attendants as well as of medicines, that we kept all the men we possibly could at the front. Some of them had now begun to come down with fever. They were all very patient, but it was pitiful to see the sick and wounded soldiers lying on their blankets, if they had any, and if not then simply in the mud, with nothing to eat but hardtack and pork, which of course they could not touch when their fever got high, and with no chance to get more than the rudest attention. Among the very sick here was gallant Captain Llewellen. I feared he was going to die. We finally had to send him to one of the big hospitals in the rear. Doctors Brewer and Fuller of the Tenth had been unwearying in attending to the wounded, including many of those of my regiment. At twelve o'clock we were notified to stop firing and a flag of truce was sent in to demand the surrender of the city. The negotiations gave us a breathing spell. That afternoon I arranged to get our baggage up, sending back strong details of men to carry up their own goods, and, as usual, impressing into the service a kind of improvised pack-train consisting of the officers' horses, of two or three captured Spanish cavalry horses, two or three mules which had been shot and abandoned and which our men had taken


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Rh and cured, and two or three Cuban ponies. Hitherto we had simply been sleeping by the trenches or immediately in their rear, with nothing in the way of shelter and only one blanket to every three or four men. Fortunately there had been little rain.

We now got up the shelter tents of the men and some flies for the hospital and for the officers; and my personal baggage appeared. I celebrated its advent by a thorough wash and shave. Later, I twice snatched a few hours to go to the rear and visit such of my men as I could find in the hospitals. Their patience was extraordinary. Kenneth Robinson, a gallant young trooper, though himself severely (I supposed at the time mortally) wounded, was noteworthy for the way in which he tended those among the wounded who were even more helpless, and the cheery courage with which he kept up their spirits. Gievers, who was shot through the hips, rejoined us at the front in a fortnight. Captain Day was hardly longer away. Jack Hammer, who, with poor Race Smith, a gallant Texas lad who was mortally hurt beside me on the summit of the hill, had been on kitchen detail, was wounded and sent to the rear; he was ordered to go to the United States, but he heard that we were to assault Santiago, so he struggled out to join us, and thereafter stayed at the front. Cosby, badly


text:
Stewart, John

 * articles in the Dictionary of National Biography:

title: Stewart, John


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178 wounded, made his way down to the sea-coast in three days, unassisted.

With all volunteer troops, and I am inclined to think with regulars, too, in time of trial, the best work can be got out of the men only if the officers endure the same hardships and face the same risks. In my regiment, as in the whole cavalry division, the proportion of loss in killed and wounded was considerably greater among the officers than among the troopers, and this was exactly as it should be. Moreover, when we got down to hard pan, we all, officers and men, fared exactly alike as regards both shelter and food. This prevented any grumbling. When the troopers saw that the officers had nothing but hardtack, there was not a man in the regiment who would not have been ashamed to grumble at faring no worse, and when all alike slept out in the open, in the rear of the trenches, and when the men always saw the field officers up at night, during the digging of the trenches, and going the rounds of the outposts, they would not tolerate, in any of their number, either complaint or shirking work. When things got easier I put up my tent and lived a little apart, for it is a mistake for an officer ever to grow too familiar with his men, no matter how good they are; and it is of course the greatest possible mistake to seek popularity either by showing weakness or by mollycoddling the men. They will


text:
Williams, John

Author pages

 * John Williams (1664-1729), New England Puritan minister
 * John Williams (1778-1849), Honorary Member of the Geological Society of London
 * John Williams (1797-1874), British astronomer
 * John Williams (1811-1862), Welsh antiquary, a.k.a. "Ab Ithel"

title: Williams, John