text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 2.djvu/1857

 AMENDMENTS AND REPEALS Amendatory provisions

Provisions affected

Section

90 Stat. page

Public Law

2526, 2527 2524, 2525 2524, 2525 2525, 2526 2523, 2524

94-547

4(a), (c)(l)

94-547 94-547

2(a)(1), (2), (0 2 (b), (c)

94-547

3 (a), (b)

94-547

1 (a)(l). (d)

2523, 2524 2523, 2524 2523, 2524

94-547

1 (a)(2), (d)

94-547

1 (b), (d)

94-547

1 (c), (d)

3(b)

1075

94-375

13(d)

93-477 93-483 93-495 93-498 93-503 93-516 93-516 93-523 93-555 93-559 93-559

403(c) 4(c) 501 17 302 302(a) 306

2741 1922 251 1254 444 201 201 2802 2742 761 761

94-578 94-455 94-239 94-411 94-280 94-224 94-224 94-580 94-578 94-329 94-329

321 2130 1(0 1(a) 140(f) 1 2 2 323 413(a) 413(a)

88:1795 88:1845

93-559 93-567

40 104(a)

94-329 94-502

413(a) 601(c), 703(c)

31 31

88:1845 88:1845

93-567 93-567

104(b) 201-210

761 2404, 2406 1483 1482

94-444 94-444

12(a), (1), (2) 6(b)(l), (0

31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31

88:1845 88:1845 88:1845 88:1845 88:1845 88:1845 88:1845 88:1845

93-567 93-567 93-567 93-567 93-567 93-567 93-567 93-567

201-210 203(a)(l) 203(c) 205(a) 206(a) 208 210(a) 210(a)(6)

1482 2690 2691 2690 2690 2689 1482 2690

94-444 94-566 94-566 94-566 94-566 94-566 94-444 94-566

31 31

88:1845 88:1845

93-567 93-567

210(a)(7) 220-223

94-566 94-444

31

88:1869

93-572

102(b)(l)(C)

31 31 31 31

88:1878 88:1878 88:1878 88:1878

93-577 93-577 93-577 93-577

9 9 9(1) 9(n)

2690 14801482 2672, 2673 1269 2831 694 694

6 (b)(2), (c) 602 (a), (e) 603 (a), (b) 602 (b), (e) 602 (c), (e) 601(a) 6 (b)(3), (c) 602 (d)(1), (2), (e) 602 (d)(.2), (e) 6 (a), (c)

94-413 94-580 94-316 94-316

116 (d)(3), (fid) 12 2 3 3

1975 Jan. 3 3 3 3

88:1978 88:1978 88:2097 88:2097

93-618 93-618 93-622 93-622

502(b) 502(b)(7) 1(b) 3a(10)-(15)

1764 1763 370 370

94-455 94-455 94-268 94-268

1802(4) 1802(l)-(3) 2 1(a)

Section

Statutes vol.: page

Public Law

1974 Oct. 16

88:1305

93-445

KhXeXvii)

16

88:1305

93-445

4(g)

16

88:1305

93-445

4(h)

16

88:1305

93-445

15(c)

16

88:1305

93-445

204(a)(l)

16

88:1305

93-445

204(a)(2)

16

88:1305

93-445

204(d)

16

88:1305

93-445

206(1)

18

88:1366

93-449

26 26 28 29 26 7 7 16 27 30 30

88:1445 88:1457 88:1500 88:1535 88:1565 88:1617 88:1617 88:1660 88:1784 88:1795 88:1795

30 31

Date

Nov. Dec.

C85

2(a) 34-38 39

94-566

Comment

Addition. Amendment. Deletion; new subsec. (h) added. Amendment. Deletion; new par. (1) added; effective date. Amendment; effective date. Addition; effective date. Deletion; new par. (1) added; effective date. Amendment. (See also 1934, P.L. 479, sec. 313.) Addition. Amendment. Repeal. Revision. Amendment. Do. Do. Applicability. Amendment. Repeal. Repeal. (See also 1961, P.L. 87-195 secs. 655 (a), (b), 656.) Repeal. Do. Amendment. Designation as pt. A; heading added. Amendment. Do. Addition. Amendment. Do. Revision. Amendment. Deletion; new par. (6) added. Addition. Addition (pt. B). Amendment. Applicability. Do. Nonapplicability. Do. Amendment. Addition. Nonapplicability. Par. (10) deleted; (11)-(15) renumbered as (10)-(14).

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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 2.djvu/1858

 LAWS AFFECTED IN VOLUME 90

C86

Provisions affected Date

Statutes vol.: page

Public Law

3 3 3

88:2097 88:2121 88:2121 88:2121

93-622 93-626 93-626 93-626

3 3 3 4 4

88:2156 88:2156 88:2166 88:2183 88:2217

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 26 29 29 29 29 29 29 29

88:2217 88:2217 88:2217 88:2217 88:2217 88:2291 88:2291 88:2291 88:2291 88:2291 88:2291 89:17 89:26 89:26 89:26 89:26 89:26 89:26 89:26

29 29

Amendatory provisions Section

Section

90 Stat. page

Public Law

Comment

3(b) 6(a) 6(a) 6(a)(3)

370 1204 1204 1204

94-268 94-398 94-398 94-398

1(b) 1(1) 1(1) 1(2)

93-633 93-633 93-633 93-637 93-640

106(c) 115 309 202(d) 2(a)

2068 2068 2080 588 413

94-474 94-474 94-481 94-299 94-278

2 3 2 602(a)(l)

93-640 93-640 93-640 93-640 93-640 93-644 93-644 93-644 93-644 93-644 93-644 94-11 94-12 94-12 94-12 94-12 94-12 94-12 94-12

2(a)(3) 2(b) 3(b)(4) 30X2) 4 5(d)(2) 9(b) 9(e) 14(b) 15(a)(2) 15(c) 209(c) 301(c)(2) 301(d) 301(d) 301(d)(l) 301(d)(3) 301(d)(6)

413 413 414 2719 414 806 807 807 807 807 807 592 1201 1580 1583 1588 1588 1584 1584

94-278 94-278 94-278 94-573 94-278 94-341 94-341 94-341 94-341 94-341 94-341 94-302 94-396 94-455 94-455 94-455 94-455 94-455 94-455

602(a)(2) 602(a)(3) 602(b) 17 602(c) 3(a) 3(b)(l) 3(b)(2) 3(c) 3(d)(l) 3(d)(2) 102 1(b), 2(b) 801 802 (b)(7), (c) 803(e)(l) 803(e)(2)(A) 803(c)(l) 803(c)(2)

89:26 89:26

94-12 94-12

301(d)(7)(A) 301(d)(8)

1588 1585

94-455 94-455

803(e)(2)(B) 803(c)(3)

29 29 29 29 23 23 23 23 23 4 12 27 27 27 30 30 2 2 2 25

89:26 89:26 89:26 89:35 89:87 89:87 89:87 89:87 89:89 89:171 89:173 89:225 89:225 89:225 89:236 89:236 89:256 89:256 89:256 89:269

94-12 94-12 94-12 94-12 94-23 94-23 94-23 94-23 94-24 94-30 94-32 94-41 94-41 94-41 94-45 94-45 94-50 94-50 94-50 94-59

301(d)(10) 301(d)(ll) 301(e) 209(c) 2 3 4(b) 4(b)(3)

1588 1589 1587 782 691 691 691 691 776 446 22 298 298 298 888 888 1075 1075 1075 1443

94-455 94-455 94-455 94-331 94-313 94-313 94-313 94-313 94-330 94-280 94-206 94-254 94-254 94-254 94-354 94-354 94-375 94-375 94-375 94-440

803(e)(2)(C) 803(e)(2)(D) 803(d) 3(a)(2) 1(1) 1(2) 1(3) 1(4) 112 145

25 5 9 9 4 7 7 7

89:269 89:385 89:413 89:413 89:486 89:531 89:546 89:546

94-59 94-70 94-79 94-79 94-103 94-106 94-107 94-107

108(c)(2) 2(4) 101 102 301(a) 814(a) 101-508

1443 361 523 523 416 930 2437 1363

94-59 94-265 94-291 94-291 94-278 94-361 94-508 94-431

102 405 (a), (b) 104(b) 104(a) 1107(d) 802 301 605(a)

7

89:546

94-107

605

1363

94-431

605(b)

1975

Jan.

Mar

May

June

July

Aug. Oct.

3

2 101(b) 101(e) 102(c) 301(c) 301(d) 111 109(b) 110(a) 108(c)(l)

2 3 1 1(b) 1(a)(1), (2) 13(c) 13(a) 13(b)(l)-(3) 102

Reyision. Amendment. Amendment. Deletion; new par. (3) added. Amendment. Do. Do. Do. Existing text designated as subsec. (a). Amendment. Addition. Amendment. Reyision. Heading amended. Amendment. Do. Do. Do. Do. Addition. Amendment. Do. Do. Do. Heading amended. Amendment. Do. Deletion; new par. (6) added. Amendment. Deletion; new par. (8) added. Amendment. Do. Addition. Amendment. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Existing text designated as par. (1). Addition. Amendment. Do. Addition. Amendment. Reyision. Applicability. Partial repeal, with exception. Exception.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 2.djvu/1859

 C87

AMENDMENTS AND REPEALS Amendatory provisions

Provisions affected Statutes vol.: page

Date

Public Law

90 Stat. page

Section

Public Law

Comment

Section

1975 Oct. 20 20 20 20 21

89:603 89:603 89:603 89:603 89:609

94-118 94-118 94-118 94-118 94-120

3(d) 3(e)(l) 6(10) 7(b) 4(c)

833 833 833 833 1219

94-350 94-350 94-350 94-350 94-401

401(2) 401(3)(A) 401(1) 401(3)(B) 6

22

89:669

94-123

6(a)(2)

94-581

112, 211

14

89:693

94-132

1

2852, 2866 217

94-232

2

24 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22

89:695 89:871 89:871 89:163 89:871 89:871 89:871 89:871 89:871

94-134 94-163 94-163 94-163 94-163 94-163 94-163 94-163 94-163

302 102(c)(4) 103 164 325(a)(l)(A) 325(a)(2) 363(b)(2) 363(c) 365(d)-(f)

1187 1142 2914 305 1140 1140 1162 1162 1162

94-387 94-385 94-586 94-258 94-385 94-385 94-385 94-385 94-385

319 164 12 105(a) 161(a) 161(b) 432(b) 432(c) 432(d)(1), (2)

22 22

89:871 89:871

94-163 94-163

365(f) 366(1H8)

1162 1158

94-385 94-385

432(d)(3) 431

22 23 23 23 23 23 23 31 31 31

89:871 89:970 89:970 89:970 89:1013 89:1013 89:1013 89:1068 89:1068 89:1068

94-163 94-164 94-164 94-164 94-169 94-169 94-169 94-187 94-187 94-187

367 2(d) 2(g) 3(b) 102-105 107 201 101(a)(5) 101(b) 201(a)(5)

1160 1558 1558 1555 1369 1369 1369 371 371 371

94-385 94-455 94-455 94-455 94-432 94-432 94-432 94-269 94-269 94-269

432(a) 402(a) 402(b) 401(a)(l) 101 101 101 1 2

1976 Jan. 2 Feb. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

89:1145 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31

94-204 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210

12(b) 308(d)(2) 503(e) 504(a)(2) 504(b) 504(b)(A) 505(a) 505(b)(2) 505(b)(2)(A) 506(a)(2)(i) 506(a)(2)(iii) 506(a)(4) 506(a)(5) 509 511(a) 511(c)

1935 2629 2627 2629 2627 2627 2624 2626 2626 2624 2625 2625 2625 2627 2629 2625

94-456 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555

3 220(c) 216(b) 220(d) 216(c)(l) 216(c)(2) 212 216(a)(1), (3) 216(a)(2) 213(1) 213(2) 214(a) 214(b) 216(d) 220(e) 215(a)

5

90:31

94-210

511(g)-(n)

2626

94-555

215(d)

5

90:31

94-210

511(h)

2630

94-555

220(f)

Nov.

Dec.

Amendment. Do. Do. Do. Amendments. (See also 1935, P.L. 271, sees. 2002(a)(7), 2002(a)(ll), 2003). Amendment. Repeal. (See also 1917, P.L. 43, sec. 21.) Amendment. Addition. Applicability. Amendment. Revision. Amendment. Do. Do. Subsec. (d) redesignated as (f I; new (d), '(e) added. Amendment. Pars. (1), (2) redesignated as (7), (8); new (1H6) added. Addition. Amendment. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do.

Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Revision. Amendment. Do. Do. Do. Do. Addition. Amendment. Do. Deletion; new subsec. (c) added. Subsec. (g) deleted; (h)-(n) redesignated as (g)-(m). Amendment.

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 90 Part 2.djvu/1860

 C88

LAWS AFFECTED IN VOLUME 90 Provisions affected

Date

Statutes vol.: page

1976 Feb. 5

Mar. Apr.

May June

July

June Aug. Sept. Oct.

Public Law

Amendatory provisions Section

90 Stat. page

Public Law

Section

Comment

90:31

94-210

511(h)(l)(A)

2625

94-555

215(b)(l)

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 19 21

90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:31 90:241 90:383

94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-210 94-237 94-274

511(h)(l)(B) 511(h)(5) 511(j) 612(m) 704(a)(3) 704(a)(3)(B) 704(e)-(g) 809(a)(l) 901 901(8) 6(b) 204(7)

2625 2625 2626 191 2627 2627 2627 2630 2627 2630 2852 997

94-555 94-555 94-555 94-216 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-555 94-581 94-368

215(b)(l) 215(b)(2) 215(c) 1 217(b) 217(a) 217(c) 220(g) 216(e) 220(h) lll(c)(6) 3(c), 4

5 1 3

90:425 90:597 90:661

94-280 94-303 94-304

94-280 94-439 94-534

112(h)

7(a)

435 1427 2495

3 4 22 22 22 22 22 30 4 30 4

90:661 90:677 90:999 90:999 90:999 90:999 90:999 90:729 90:1083 89:1381 90:1520

94-304 94-307 94-369 94-369 94-369 94-369 94-369 94-329 94-377 94-434 94-455

202(d)(l) 203(c)(3)(C)(ii) 203(c)(4)(E)(ii) 204 210(c)(l) 507(b)

94-534 94-307 94-447 94-447 94-447 94-447 94-447 94-537 94-377 94-434 94-568

1(2) 4 201(1) 201(2) 201(3) 201(4) 201(5) 1(b) 16 3 (a), (b)

4

90:1523

94-455

1204(d)

94-528

2 (a), (e)

Amendment.

4

90:1523

94:455

1205(c)

94-528

2 (b), (e)

Do.

4

90:1523

94-455

1209(e)

94-528

2 (c), (e)

Do.

15 15 21 21 21 21

90:2429 90:2438 90:2743 90:2743 90:2743 90:2743

94-505 94-509 94-579 94-579 94-579 94-579

2

2495 680 1498 1498 1498 1498 1498 2498 1092 1382 2697, 2698 2483, 2484 2483, 2484 2483, 2484 2429 2438 2759 2763 2763 2763

Part of existing text designated as subpar. (A). Addition. Revision. Do. Amendment. Do. Do. Addition. Amendment. Do. Revision. Supersedure. Amendment. (See also 1935, P.L. 271, sec. 1842 (b)(3).) Exception. Amendment. Existing text designated as (a). Addition. Savings provision. Amendment. Do. Do. Do. Do. Nonapplicability. Savings provision. Exception. Revision.

94-505 94-509 94-579 94-579 94-579 94-579

1 2 211(c)(2) 302(b) 302(b) 302(b)

7(b)

301(g)(2)

210 314 601(f) 603

1(1)

Applicability. Do. Do. Exception. Do. Do.

o

io.H*-

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text:
Page:Grimm's household tales, volume 2 (1884).djvu/385

10.] I will not go out of heaven again." So he stayed in the church, and when he saw how the people came and knelt and prayed to Our Lady with the blessed child Jesus which was carved in wood, he thought "that is the good God," and said, "Dear God, how thin you are! The people must certainly let you starve; but every day I will give you half my dinner." From this time forth, he every day took half his dinner to the image, and the image began to enjoy the food. When a few weeks had gone by, people remarked that the image was growing larger and stout and strong, and wondered much. The priest also could not understand it, but stayed in the church, and followed the little boy about, and then he saw how he shared his food with the Virgin Mary, and how she accepted it.

After some time the boy became ill, and for eight days could not leave his bed; but as soon as he could get up again, the first thing he did was to take his food to Our Lady. The priest followed him, and heard him say, "Dear God, do not take it amiss that I have not brought you anything for such a long time, for I have been ill and could not get up." Then the image answered him and said, "I have seen thy good-will, and that is enough for me. Next Sunday thou shalt go with me to the wedding." The boy rejoiced at this, and repeated it to the priest, who begged him to go and ask the image if he, too, might be permitted to go. "No," answered the image, "thou alone." The priest wished to prepare him first, and give him the holy communion and the child was willing, and next Sunday, when the host came to him, he fell down and died, and was at the eternal wedding.

10.—THE HAZEL-BRANCH.

afternoon the Christ-child had laid himself in his cradle-bed and had fallen asleep. Then his mother came to him, looked at him full of gladness, and said, "Hast


text:
Letters from Alexander Henry Haliday to Hermann Loew 5th March 1867; July 13th 1867; 15 February 1869

Letters from Alexander Henry Haliday to Hermann Loew 5th March 1867; July 13th 1867; 15 February 1869

I have just got your Monograph of Trypetidae, as an addition to my little stock of Entomological books, and as this makes an epoch (bibliographically speaking) I take occasion, of an unfilled letter to Berlin, to enclose a line to you, not having material to compose a letter. I believe, I mentioned to you a Tephritis on Xanthium stramarium. I have assured myself it is Oxyna tenera [Trypeta tenera Loew, 1850: 58]. I should probably have recognised it sooner, but that the volume of the Stettin Entom Journal, I have, wants plate 1, which should contain the illustrations of Rhaphium and Tephritis. My evidence as to the habitat is not the best, but to me abundantly convincing.On a mound adjoining the ricefields on the coast near Ravenna, in the beginning of last by sweeping with the net the plants of Xanthium in seed, with which exclusively it was overgrown, I obtained, in half an hour above thirty specimens of the fly, and not a single one occurred in any other situation,though I swept the neighbourhood diligently for some hours. I possess two males of Aciura tibialis, taken this summer; one with a -  in the Maremma  , in May, the other near this place, later in the year. In both the three guttae of the disk of the wing remain. In one male of A. femoralis (= Musca coryli, Rossi, Mantissa,) but which name, through the earliest, can hardly be restored, as conveying a false suggestion, now that the history of the species is known, there is but a single gutta.I perceive you retain the novice flava, Geoffroy, for miliaria Schranck: this, I suppose, is a mere oversight, as I have had occasion to acknowledge the correctness and strict application of your principles of nomenclature in other instances in correction of my own errors, as well as others. I find no such specific name in Geoffroy’s works. The description, which appears to apply,commences with the word “flava” indeed; but Geoffroy himself has given the specific name trimaculata to the insect (Entom. Proc. ii). I am returned not long from a visit to the forest school installed newly in the convent of Vallombrosa [The first forestry school to exist in Italy was the Istituto Forestale di Vallombrosa founded August 15, 1869]. It may seem an odd time to go there, and I had intended deferring it to the spring; but finding afterwards that the school would be closed this month, and not reopen till September, I did not wish to wait so long to acquaint myself with the course, the library etc. I spent two days very agreeably up there, in the midst of the snow*, knee deep but dry & spotless. The double windows, the ample fireplaces (quite in old English Hall style)—firewood without stint etc.made it very snug within doors:—and though the labyrinth of long galleries was cold, they afforded famous play-ground to the boys, two of Dr Berenger’s and four of Viglietta’s; and the ringing laugh ofchildhood, an unwonted sound there, gave it cheerfulness. Dr Berenger once pursued Entomology practically, has some of the best books—Ratzeburg, Forstinsekten Audouin Pyrale de la vigne etc: and he has agreed to join as one of the Prometron, the nascent Entomological Society I hunted for Chionea, in vain, about springs and rivulets in the snowy region.

Lucca (Italia) 5th March 1867

My dear Dr Loew On a former occasion, when our correspondence underwent an interruption of some years, you warned me that another interruption might be the last, referring to the complaint, under which you suffered. It was therefore with some anxiety that I waited to gather tidings of you, when an improvement in my own health (after an interval of about two and a half years, during which I was kept off from study and letter writing) allowed me to look abroad again. Had it not been that two of my friends, among the men of science, F. Walker and E.P. Wright , continued throughout to write to me from time to time, though their letters were of necessity unanswered, (sometimes unread for months) I should not have known who was alive, who deceased, among the rest. It was only last summer, that I began to go out of doors again,and by the end of October I accomplished a drive in carriage as far as Lucca (3 Italian miles), where I hadn’t been for a year and half. Finding the improvement continue, I had hopes revived of receiving study correspondence, and more active exercise in the coming summer, though as yet I have accomplished no farther journey than that to Lucca; and in that town we (i.e. my cousin Mme Pisani), her husband, and three nieces, with myself) have been housed since the beginning of the year, with the intention at first of making a stay of three months in town. Now however it is doubtful if we shall not be obliged to prolong the period, in consequence of an accident that befel [sic] Mme. P., a fracture of one leg; the consequence of which has been to devolve upon me so much of bulletin- and letter-writing to her many friends and kindred in England, and indeed elsewhere, that the correspondence which I was endeavouring by degrees to resume with my own friends, as had to be laid aside in great part, after I had ascertained, by preliminary inquiries, the continued existence and wellbeing of several, to whom I wished to write. I began with those near at hand, and as I got intelligence from them, I was gradually widening my circle,though I had not arrived so far as to Germany, when this mishap occurred to occupy me otherwise. I was able to gather, by that time, from the annual reports which I could procure, that you are in continued scientific activity; and therefore I trust that the complaint, painful as it is, from which you have long been suffering, has not made the progress you at one time apprehended. I considered, at that time, that you leisure time might be taken up by political engagement; the momentous period calling for the co-operation of all who are interested in the future of the Fatherland, its union, independence and free institutions. I hope however that having the assurance that I am still existent, though after a long period of almost suspended animation, you will be able to indulge me again with your news and friendly interchange of scientific discussions. I have written some time ago to Bellardi, to whom I owed specially an early explanation of letters previously unanswered and requests not fulfilled; but have not heard from him in reply;except in the way of one page conveyed to me in a letter from Ghiliani , excusing his overwhelming engagements. I believe they have left him no time to ripen for publication any further Dipterological studies.During the last three years, I was not able to give any attention to the preservation of my collections here; which had to undergo two removals of domicile, without my giving any superintendence to the packing and transport; and I find they have suffered largely, by mould and Anthreni. I had made a selection of the best, that remained, at the end of 1863, to carry with me to England,—the type of several new genera of Chalcididae & other Hymenoptera, with some Diptera. But the business which occupied me in Dublin, for months, consequent on my mother’s death, left me no time to make use of these there, and I brought them back to Italy, April 1864, in good condition. Unfortunately the loss subsequently fell upon these in especial, the boxes that I had left unarranged having been less severely visited by the enemiesnamed. Consequently, I have lost many of my generic types, which I shall be lucky if I succeed in replacing hereafter, supposing I am able to follow the chase again:— while some that remain have been published in other quarters in the interval, which was a blank for me. It is curious how often attention in different quarters is turned in the same direction simultaneously, without any apparent cause to determine it. An example in the apterous genus Japyse (Thysanura), which I described in 1864 (the only thing entomological I had time for then); and in same year Philippi [Philippi, Friedrich Heinrich Eunom or Philippi, Federico (1838-1910)] described a species, apparently of the same genus, from Chili. I might still find some things new among my Diptera of the first two years collecting in Italy; but have some hesitation in publishing them detached, while Rondani is working at the Dipterous Fauna of Italy generally; and his latest volume is, to my mind, on a very cursory glance, a decided improvement upon the previous ones; as is his avowed conviction now was many of the new genera, we proposed at first, are inadmissible and his growing disinclination to multiply genera. How much there is to be done, in the way of new species, in Italy, may be acquired from a list which Piccioli sent me a few days ago, of the Pselaphidae, that he & Von

Brandt together took, in eight days time, at the Baths of Lucca, I sent to Saulcy  who is at work on this family, already not indifferently studied. I think nearly two thirds of the whole are considered new species by that authority. I don’t imagine that the range of Diptera is so limited locally, or that anything like such a proportion of novelties is to be looked forin that order, even extending the search to the South of Italy, now beginning to come within reach by railways, though not within the security of civilization unhappily. The now pending elections will doubtless be, in this event, of great importance to the picture of Italy. If instead of setting to steadily in the work of developing the natural riches of the country, & awaking industry, association etc to meet the financial difficulties, that press like a milstone [sic]; her public men are to indulge magnificent schemes of political aggrandizement, influence in the councils of Europe etc etc I see little hope for the country, so favoured by nature, and lately so much by concurrent circumstances. I have written more than I almost hoped to have time for, and am called away to their affairs now; so adieu, in the hope of a reply. Yours very truly Alex Henry Haliday

Lucca July 13th 1867

My dear Dr Loew

I have again to thank you for some of your Dipterological papers, received through the post, viz. on species of Empis etc extracted from the last part of the Berlin Entom. Zeitschr. which I have got since.I have delayed acknowledging this, and your kind letter, in the expectation of being able, at the same time, to thank you more particularly for that which you sent me long since, as I believe, through Prof.Bellardi. I wrote specially to him, a good while since, telling him that I was going to write to you, and was desirous to acknowledge any such, as he might have in charge, to which he had referred in a note, I had from him, I think, in the spring of 1865,—when I was not well enough to write. As time has been passing without any reply to this note, I must conclude that he has been too busy to attend to it; which apology he had made before for not answering more than one previous note of mine. Indeed I can imagine that the lamented death of De Filippi, to whom Bellardi was subordinate in the Geological Museum of the Reale Academy of Turin, may have given him yet more work, in addition to the actuall [sic] occupations to which he referred. C. Rondani also has been too much occupied, for much correspondence topass between us. He has been making however some excursions into other departments of entomology, viz. the Hymenoptera Parasites of certain species of insects noxious to the garden etc. But this study being so new to him, naturally the descriptions of figures—(both those published, & the draftings he sent me) are somewhat deficient in precision; and I cannot arrive at any satisfactory judgement on the place of the species, which I have had no opportunity of seeing in nature. Possibly I may see himself and his collection again this year; as I am desirous to do, on account of his wish to sell his Dipterological Collection, as he has done with each part, to provide for the cost of publication of his work: in the publication of which he has made latterly some new arrangement, since it comes out in the Atti della Società Italiana di Scienzi Naturali; of which society I have become an ordinary member myself, and may make it the medium of publication for some my Italian insects. The last winter, by its extraordinary mildness,was rather favourable to the subsequent multiplication of noxious insects; and it is a season well adapted for making observations on such. Not having regained quite, as yet, my powers of locomotion, I have not stirred much from home, while the remove into a new unfinished house, where I have not yet convenient room to get out my books, or open my insect boxes, rather drives me to despair of such occupations. I made the short excursion (a week barely) into the Tuscan Maremma, towards the end of May, after which month the air becomes too dangerous; (even the government iron works at Follonica the farthest point to which I penetrated) being closed from May to December. Unfortunately the weather was unfavourable enough, indeed, to prevent my going out after insects, but broken by a storm,which swelled the rivers, previously dwindled to mere chains of pools, and overflowed the low grounds, and on the Apennines came down in snow, (very unusual in the month of May); while the rest of the time it blew constantly and hard from the North west, making insects shy of coming out, emptying the sweeping net as fast as it was filled, and making the walking on the open coast (which I chiefly frequented) laborious. I was disappointed also in finding the localities, to which I had been particularly directed, changed within the few last years much; the ancient woods, with their mouldering oak tunnels, having given way to extended cultivation of the olive etc or been converted into piles of charcoal for the use of the iron smelting furnaces etc. This was especially the case at Campiglia, whither I went in search of [letter ends abruptly] Lucca  15 Febr 1869

My dear Dr Loew I have just received a reply from H. Lucas, to whom I applied, as a private friend, in respect to the possibility of satisfying your desire as to the list of Meigen’s species in the Museum of the garden of plants. He let some time pass, which I imagine was occupied in consulting the higher authorities, or the reply comes in official form …Comme il n’est pas dans les usages au Musèum de Paris de communiquer des catalogues inediti, je vous adresse les quelques règle pour vous aviser qu’il ne sera donnée suite a la demande prete par vous, dans ma lettre en date le Janvier dernier, relative a la communication d’un catalogue de Diptera de la Collection Meigen.bSo you see, you will have to content yourself with finding out by eyesight what there is and what not. I took no list—indeed had not time to do so—except of Dolichopidae, which I,—and Helomyzae, which you at the time—were particularly interested in. I have heard from C.A Dohrn, a couple of days since, and I find our possibility of trip together to the South—Sicily or elsewhere—is not to be. He has accepted an invitation which will leave him only about a fortnight free, to give to me. So when he is tired of our hills, I think we will make a run into the Tuscan Maremma. If too early for flowers and insects —(in April it is a garden; miles on miles of Asphodel meadows etc)—we have the ancient Tuscan city-sites—the Cyclopian walls,—Necropolae   etc to occupy us. Different things have occurred to make this change not disagreeable to me; —chiefly that my cousin Mme Pisani, whom we are expecting soon, and the Cardinal Viccenzo, will not be going to England till July; so that we shall be at home all the spring, and I not left alone. Also the next number of the Italian Ent. Soc. journal—of which I believe the 1st part is out today will be the better of some contribution of mine, as I am told. The version I made of your Blepharoceridae memoir is now passing under the correction of two Station Scholars, and I am to send the drawings up immediately to the Engraver. Lastly I have just had a letter from Dr Stål, informing me that the loan of the specimens of Bethylidae and Drynidae of the Stockholm Museum is granted and that he has sent them to Berlin to Friedlander & Son (Booksellers) to forward to me. This makes me naturally desirous to obtain the loan of those of the Berlin Museum also;—and I await the intimation from you—to make the application in form; or else renounce it. They are not however, I fancy, of the same importance to my object, as the types of Dalman’s  & Thomson's species, now on their way to me. I think it is since I wrote to you last that I had a letter from Osten-Sacken accompanied, in his intention, with a copy of his memoir on Tipulidae. Curiously I had my pen in hand when the letter came, writing to a friend, who some time previously had told me of the proximate publication of this memoir,to get more particular information, that I might obtain it, as soon as it was out. However the book has not reached me, though the letter.has. My parasites - (3 pupae) continue to sleep, & have rather a shrunken aspect; so perhaps I shall fail in obtaining the fly on this occasion. The Bibio globulipes passed away very quickly this year; —after the first of February, I did not meet more than half a dozen males,and not one female;—while in other winters, I certainly have met with the Bibio throughout this month, and I think, on well into March.I suppose the intense frost, we had, cut the generation short. It killed down the myrtles over large tracts, and they look very dismal, but will, I expect , spring up again from the roots.Though so widely diffused, it is probably no more indigenous than the chesnut [sic], the sughera , the vine, or the olive, all of which grow wild in Central Italy. Spring flowers are coming out, fresh violets, starry anemonies, celandine, daffodils in abundance; the almond tree sheeted with white blossoms, and the peach trees beginning to be rosy. But there was hoar frost at sunrise today over the low grounds, and the tree heath which has long been ready seems conscious of lingering winter in the air as it has not yet opened its bells. Its general flowering gives an appearance to the stony hills as if a white lace veil were drawn over them and is to me the settled symptom of the entomologists’ season beginning.Very truly yours A.H. Haliday


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Author:David Sharp

Works

 * (in part)

Contributions to Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute

 * Additional notes and descriptions of the Pselaphidæ from New Zealand (1875) a supplement to Thomas Broun's paper
 * On the Anthribidæ of New Zealand (1876)
 * On the Colydiidæ of New Zealand (1876)

title: Author:David Sharp


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/May 1887/The Natural versus the Supernatural


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/May 1887/Present Status of the Greek Question


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/May 1887/The Sun's Heat


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/May 1887/Creation or Evolution?


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text: Category:Marine vertebrates

title: Category:Marine vertebrates


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text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Sheridan, Philip Henry


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Rh of Gascony. Since the empire it has served as a barrack for a small garrison. But it is not the castle that now attracts visitors to Lourdes, but the Grotto of Massabiel, the story of which must be told briefly. Bernadette Soubirous was the daughter of a drunken, dishonest miller, who had lost his mill through speculation, and had been imprisoned. He and his family were living as pensioners on the Abbé Peyramale, curé of Lourdes, in a wretched cottage in a back street—five persons huddled into one room. Bernarde, afterwards called Bernadette, was an under-sized, ill-fed, unhealthy child of limited intelligence and utterly uneducated. For some reason never explained she was sent to Bartrès, where she was employed in tending sheep. There she attracted the attention of the curé Ader, who repeatedly declared his conviction that she was just the sort of person to be vouchsafed a vision like that seen by the shepherd children of La Salette. At the end of January, 1858, the Abbé Ader sent Bernadette, then aged fourteen, back to Lourdes, where she was at once taken in hand by one of the vicaires of the place, the Abbé Pomian, who became her confessor and director. Singularly, perhaps significantly, on 28 December, 1857, M. Falconnet, procureur général at Lourdes deemed it expedient to send a report to the procureur impériale at Pau, that something was brewing in the place. This is his letter:—

"I have been informed that manifestations of a supernatural character and of a miraculous aspect are being prepared for the end of this year. I would advise you to take measures that the facts should be closely watched. I must know the details so as to be aware under what articles of the penal code prosecution is possible. I fear that little help can be gained

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text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/June 1887/Science and Pseudo-Science


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/June 1887/Gofio: Food and Physique


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/June 1887/Social Sustenance II


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138 from the administration civil or religious. Our duty is to do all in our power to stop the recurrence of such scandals as those of La Salette, the more so as the religious intrigue is a means of hiding one that is political."

It is evident from this letter that something was expected at Lourdes. The magistrate was mistaken only as to when it would take place, which was forty-five days after this letter was written. On 11 February, 1858, a cold day, Bernadette was dispatched along with her younger sister, Marie, and a companion, Jeanne, to collect sticks for fuel beside the Gave, under the rock of Massabielle. Bernadette suffered from asthma, had a bad cough, and scrofulous sores on her head. To reach their destination a small stream had to be crossed. Marie and Jeanne slipped off their sabots and went through the water, which was so cold that it made them cry out. Bernadette stopped to remove her wooden shoes and thick stockings. Beyond the stream rose a limestone rock with a cave in the face, the floor of which was level with the bank of the Gave. An oval opening above it allowed light to penetrate from aloft into the recesses of the grotto. At the entrance to this hole grew a rose bush. Whilst stooping to take off her stockings, the rush of blood to her head made the child fancy that she heard a sound as of wind, and looking up she imagined that she saw a light in the upper hole, and a lady standing in it, robed in white, wearing a blue sash, a veil over her head, with a rosary in one hand, and golden roses on her feet.

To her excited fancy it seemed that the apparition smiled and made the sign of Redemption with the cross of the rosary. Bernadette uttered an exclamation, traversed the stream, told her companions what she had seen, and asked them if they observed the lady. "No," they replied, "we have

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Rh seen nothing." Then Bernadette said, "No more did I, either." On their return to Lourdes, Marie told her mother what Bernadette had stated, and Mme. Soubirous treated it as idle fancy.

The matter, however, was noised about and provoked attention, the more so as from the magistrate's letter we are made aware that something of the sort was expected in the place. On Sunday, 14 February, a party accompanied the girl to the spot; whereupon she knelt down, fell into an ecstasy, and declared that she again saw the apparition. All Lourdes was now stirred. Three ladies next took Bernadette in hand, and were almost constantly in attendance on her—Mme. Millet, Mlle. Peyret, and Mlle. Pène, sister of one of the curates of Lourdes. In their presence Bernadette had other visions. Peasants now came in crowds, surrounded the girl, and accompanied her on each expedition to the grotto. At the suggestion of her confessor she put questions to the figure, and it replied, so Bernadette asserted, enjoining penance, and the building of a chapel on the spot. One day "Madame," said the child, "if you have something to communicate to me, have the goodness to write it down." "There is no need for writing what I have to tell you," replied the mysterious lady; "but do me the favour of coming here during fifteen days." On one occasion the apparition bade the girl go into the grotto, grub for water, wash in it, drink it, and eat a mouthful of grass. "The Grotto at this period," said Mlle. Lacrampe, who was present on this occasion, "had not the depth that it possesses now. Pebbles and sand were heaped up in it to a considerable

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text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/June 1887/Grains of Sand


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/June 1887/Appearance and Reality in Pictures


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/June 1887/Among the Transylvanian Saxons II


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140 height, so much so that one speedily reached a point where it was necessary to bend double to get further. Bernadette, after having raised her eyes to the niche, put her hand to her hood to arrange it, and lifted her gown a little so as not to soil it. Then she stooped to the earth, and when she raised her head and turned her face towards the apparition, I saw that her face was all smudged with dirty water."

Bernadette herself related:—

"The lady told me to drink of the fountain and to wash in it. Not seeing any spring, I was going to the Gave, but she signed to me to enter the cave. I entered and saw only a little dirty water. I put my hand to it, but could collect none, so I scratched, and the water came, but it was muddy. Thrice I rejected it. Only on the fourth attempt could I swallow any."

The Jesuit father Cros says with regard to this exhibition: "Mademoiselle Lacrampe se retira si défavorablement imimpressionée, qu'il a fallu des années et des miracles pour la convaincre." M. Estrade, receiver of indirect taxes, says with respect to this affair: "Je commerçais à être dérouté, et ne savais que penser de tout ceci." Thus was the miraculous spring discovered, the water of which, or what is supposed to come from it, is sent throughout the world, a case of thirty bottles carriage paid to the station 7 fr. 45 c. One bottle, "franco à domicile," in France 1 fr. 80 c. Now it is absolutely certain that the water was there before Bernadette Soubirous scratched till she reached it. The Abbé Richard, a geologist, says that it was there and it was known to be there by many individuals in Lourdes. On 25 March Bernadette made her seventeenth visit to the grotto. The curé Peyramale had been at her repeatedly

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text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/June 1887/Sketch of Jules Jamin


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/June 1887/Correspondence


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/June 1887/Editor's Table


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/June 1887/Literary Notices


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/June 1887/Popular Miscellany


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/June 1887/Notes


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 31/July 1887/The Economic Disturbances Since 1873 I


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 for his grandchildren unborn, inventing the motto of empire for an Austria that was yet in embryo: honourable, perhaps, and careless about selfish gains, but a dreamer, about whom the strange thing is that so many of his dreams came true. Look at Maximilian, the most delightfully unprincipled hero of the age of transition; always in every feast and every fray, always wanting money and selling himself for promises, and never getting the money and never keeping his engagements; a good deal of the rake and a good deal of the knight-errant; to himself a portentous politician, a reformer of Church and empire, yet willing to set Church and empire to sale, and himself to retire from the Cæsarship, to accept the chair of S. Peter, and provide before his death for his own canonization; yet with all that the founder of one of the great powers of modern history, grandfather of Charles V, and contriver of the scheme which placed half Christendom under his grandson's sceptre. I have often thought of Maximilian in contrast with Henry VII; all the balance of real goodness, what measure there is of politic honesty, purity of life, reality of character, straightforwardness in religion, intelligent appreciation of his people's needs, every moral consideration is in favour of Henry Tudor: yet we like Maximilian better. With all his undeniable faults, his absurd dishonesty which did more harm to himself than to any one else, his grotesque pretensions, the astounding inconsistency between his undertakings and his fulfilments; there is an attractiveness about him which there is not about Henry VII. We will not stay to compare him with Charles VIII or Ferdinand the Catholic; I do not know that we can care much for either, but we do care very little for Henry VII.

Yet, again, here is the uniter of the Roses, the founder of the Tudor dictatorship which steered England through the age of the Reformation, which projected and secured the union with Scotland, which started England in the race of commercial enterprise; here is the hero of romance, in whom the prophetic eye of the saintly Henry of Lancaster had seen the Joash of the British Zion; the child of exile, hunted, like David, as a partridge on the mountains; the knight-errant


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 marriage. It is our own fault perhaps that we want more sensationalism. But there is a lack of it notwithstanding.

One reason I will shortly dismiss. I verily believe that one reason why this period is dull is that it was the period of the discovery and development of printing, and of the use of paper instead of parchment. Men began to write freely and to destroy freely; instead of writing for private purposes of record, they wrote for other men to read; they wrote not what was worth writing, but what would catch readers; they wrote what it was safe to write when every one could read; they wrote because they could write, not because there was a necessity for them to write; that is, anybody wrote, and few wrote what was worth preserving. One popular book destroyed a thousand chances of having invaluable records of timid private annals. And, when destruction began, it found paper more easy to dispose of than parchment: the age that could make tailors' measures out of Magna Carta, lighted its fires with State papers. Growing criticism, careful public administration, even before the age of destruction began, had not learned to be careful as to what should be preserved and what should be destroyed. And when the age of destruction did come, it was divided between the Roman Catholic force that destroyed everything new, and the Puritan force that destroyed everything old. So it is not so much a wonder that we have so little documentary remains of Henry VII's reign, as that we have anything at all. The only strictly contemporary account of the king's life and character is to be found in a few half-rotten, half-legible paper sheets in the Cottonian Library. All the more circumstantial parts of the history have to be worked out of the annalists of the next generation.

But there must have been a deeper cause. "Why should a king with a good character and a romantic career subside into a historical fogey? Look closely at Frederick III, the splendid old gipsy, in name governor of the world, ever august, and increaser of the empire, yet owning no more territory than an English alderman; sitting in his study elaborating a horoscope with destiny of universal dominion


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 New World, the age of the birth of modern commerce and colonisation; it is the eve of the Reformation, and of that wonderful renaissance which I believe exists at the present day, in prize essays and schools examinations, much more vividly, and alas in much greater solid bulk than it ever had in the most flourishing days in rerum natura. And it is a period too in which we begin to have, more distinctly and more numerously than before, representative men as they are called; that is, men whose greatness and prominence consists not in their being exceptions to or protests against, or glories or shames to the age in which they lived, but in concentrating in themselves and giving force to the ideas, the accomplishments, the hopes and aspirations, the greatnesses and littlenesses of their own times. In the play of character also there should be something interesting in a period which embraces Ferdinand and Isabella the Catholic, the delightful old Frederick III, and the still more charming Maximilian; the age of Charles VIII and Philip the handsome, not to speak of the Borgias, the Medici, and the Farnesi.

Yet the reign of Henry VII is dull. Look at it in relation to English history; there also it should be important; there also it comes between the ancient and the modern; bridges over the strait between the Wars of the Roses and the Reformation, between England isolated and England taking a first place in the counsels of Europe, between England weak and England strong. The reign itself may be almost exactly divided between fifteenth century influences and sixteenth century influences; the one series winding up in final bloodshed, the other opening with initial intrigue. We are really able to trace the last links of the chain of political murders which had begun when Warwick and Lancaster slew Piers Gaveston, and which ends or almost ends with the sacrifice of Edward of Warwick and the de la Poles; and we trace the first links of the policy which grew and strengthened in intensity to the days of Waterloo.

But still it is dull: we do not much care about the effete struggles of the dynastic parties, and we cannot get up a lively interest in the negotiations for the Scottish or Spanish


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 THE REIGN OF HENRY VII.

(April 24, 1883.)

Y kindest friends will hardly be able this year to charge me with having chosen the subject of my public statutory lectures with a view of attracting an audience. I never, in the course of a long historical experience, met with any one who wished to attend a second course of lectures on Henry VII, or indeed with any one who expressed any interest in him at all. It is just possible that I may be suspected of a design to attract the admirers of the lady Margaret, by advertising a discourse upon her son; but, although the idea did occur to me, I set it aside as feeling it my duty to guard against any over-sanguine expectations. No; I chose the subject because I have to lecture, and, after sixteen successive ceremonies of humiliation, I thought that I had a right to throw some part of the imputation of dulness off myself upon my subject. If the men will not come, let it be as much Henry VII's fault as mine.

Yet, to begin with, it is a curious thing that the subject should be so dull; and perhaps my first point should be to account for that. I do not question the,- fact. It is so; but why? The period is full of interest: it is the beginning of modern as distinguished from medieval history; it exhibits to us, in their first definite and specialised forms, the forces which constitute the dramatic elements of the state of society in which we are living; the great powers in their newly consolidated condition, the balance of which makes up European history ever since. It is the age of the discovery of the


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 There seems to be a growing tendency now-a-days to resort to football tactics in hockey. Among some of the senior teams the practice of interference is becoming prominent, and should be severely checked, because it is an unfailing cause of unnecessary roughness. No player, however mild, who is rushing down the ice to secure an advantageous position, will allow himself to be deliberately interrupted, stopped by an opponent who has not, and should not have the right to oppose his course, without picking a bone or two with him. Another innovation that is calculated to injure the game, is mass plays. This rupture of the rules was conspicuous among certain teams last year. It might be hard to imagine or detect such a thing in hockey, but it, nevertheless, occurs. It is practically "concentrated interference," in technical terms, and, as in football, is used by the team which attempts to score, a point which distinguishes it from simple interference as used by an attacked team to prevent scoring. To be properly carried out it involves the disregard for the rule regulating onside movements, and is therefore, though difficult to detect, a breach of the same. The teams in cities where the practice of interference in foot-ball is more popular, are the most given to this play.

It is essential that the two centre men and the right wing should be able to shoot the


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 INAUGURAL.

(Feb. 7, 1867.)

HE giving of an Inaugural Lecture is an occasion which compels and may well excuse a little trepidation. The speaker, although he is wisely restrained by academic decorum from courting or fearing the thunder, propitious or otherwise, of right or left, cannot divest himself of the feeling that he is really about to take the omens of his future success, and cannot but be anxious to make, if he possibly can, a promising beginning. This is especially the case when he is called upon, as I am now, for the first time in his life, to address an academic, I may even say an educated, audience. He has not learned the tone of authority which befits the professorial character: it is no mere matter of form for him to deprecate adverse criticism; he feels that he must introduce himself, in a way that is of necessity painful both to his self-respect and to his modesty, to an audience from whom he has at least as much to learn as he can ever hope to teach them. I can indeed hardly use the word teach without reservation. I am so sensible of the greatness of the field, the variety of the instruments, the infinite multitude of the workers employed on the subject to which my labours in this place are to be devoted, that I am afraid even to advertise myself as a teacher, and would rather be looked on as a helper and trainer in a school in which every man has to learn his own lessons.

For I am thoroughly convinced that the purpose which is answered by the study of Modern and Medieval History is twofold; it is at once the process of acquisition of a stock of facts, an ignorance of which unfits a man from playing the very humblest part as a citizen, or even watching the politics B


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96 it was annulled. In 1548 Jeanne married Antoine de Bourbon, a feeble, voluptuous, irresolute creature, "to one thing constant never." He was first a Catholic, then a Huguenot, under the influence of the commanding intellect of his wife, and then a Catholic again; it mattered not to him, for he had no fixed principles. But Jeanne never forgave his rejoining the Church, for she was a bigoted Calvinist.

Jeanne was nearly deprived of her husband. Antoine de Bourbon, who was suspected of taking part with his brother, the great Condé, in the conspiracy of Amboise, 1550, was marked out for destruction. The two brothers were arrested by Francis II. Olhagary, a Protestant writer, gives what follows. He had it from the recital of Queen Jeanne herself; but how far coloured by her prejudices we are unable to say.

"The Prince of Condé was sentenced to have his head cut off before the King's residence, on 10 December. Antoine de Bourbon was to be stabbed by the King himself. For this he was ordered to attend in the chamber of the King, who pretended to be ill. Francis was to stab him with his own hand, aided by the Guises who were hid behind the arras."

Antoine was on the point of entering the presence chamber when the Duchess de Montpensier caught him by the arm and revealed to him the plot. He then withdrew. But again a messenger arrived from the King ordering him to appear. Then he summoned to him Reuti, the captain of his guards, and said—

"I am going to where my death is planned, but never shall skin be sold so dearly as I will sell mine. I beseech you to render me this last service. If I die, take my shirt soaked in my blood, and carry it to my wife and son, and charge her—for my son is too young to be able to avenge me—to send the pierced and bloody shirt to all the foreign princes, and call on them to avenge my death."

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 puck as well from the right side as from the left, because the chances of scoring in either ways are about equal. As for the left wing, he is called upon so seldom to shoot from the right, that is presuming that he holds his stick correctly, with the blade to his left side, that it is not so important for him.

The most dangerous, successful lift for the goal, is raising the puck about to the level of the knee. This height is too great to allow the goaler's stick to be of any use, and is not high enough to be stopped by his bulky body.

The lift is not obtained by strength, but by knack and a good stick. Of course the more strength there is in the act of lifting the greater will be the velocity of the shot. But strength minus knack is not so successful as knack minus strength.

To lift the puck, the edge of the blade of the hockey stick must touch the puck lower than half its thickness, and the practiced "twist of the wrist" accomplishes the rest. This form of ridding yourself of the rubber is most important, because by a lift the puck travels farther and faster than it would along the ice, which gets cut up soon after the opening of a match, besides, it is much harder for an opponent to stop a lift than an ordinary sliding puck.


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 a mistake to lose courage because your apponents score the first three or four goals.

begin to play roughly because you are losing; and do not purposely and ostentatiously avoid scoring against a team that has already lost, because even if a bad beating does discourage them they would rather suffer it than be humiliated by any such show of pity.

imagine that after winning a few games the match is won, because "accidents" occur, and do not dream of laurel wreaths and championships on account of your success in the opening of the series.

every practice but do not become over trained.

man should not lose his temper because he suffers a sore knock. A display of "fireworks" is often the cause of an undesirable rest among the spectators.

question the decision of the umpire or referee. Let your captain plead the case.


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Rh Antoine then entered the room where was the King, but his behaviour, the frankness with which he met the charges laid against him, caused the heart of Francis to relent, and he dismissed the King of Navarre unhurt. It was then that the Cardinal of Lorraine exclaimed, referring to the weakness of the King—"There is the heart of a poltroon!" Jeanne had been the mother of two sons; the elder died of over-coddling, the second of an accident. When she was again expecting her confinement, her father, Henry II, roughly told her that she did not know how to manage her children, and insisted on her coming to the castle at Pau for confinement, under his eye. She obeyed, and arrived on 4 December, 1553. Then the old King showed her a casket of gold, attached to a chain long enough to go thrice round her neck. "Do you see this?" said he; "I will give it you along with my will, that is in this box, if you will sing a Béarnais song whilst in your pangs, so that the child may not be a squaller." She promised, and on 14 December, feeling her hour approach, sent for her father, and began to sing a Béarnais hymn to Our Lady at Bridgend; for there was a chapel to the Blessed Virgin on the ancient bridge over the Gave. Her song was:—

Nousté Dame deii cap d'eii poun Adjudat me à d'aqueste ore," etc.

But as many of my readers do not understand the patois, I will give it in English:—

"Our Lady at the head of the bridge, assist me in this hour. Pray to God in Heaven, that He may deliver me, that the fruit of my body may see the light. . . . Our Lady at the head of the bridge, assist me in this hour."

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 372 thou laid thyself down to sleep, my child? Sleep sweetly, and in the meantime I will go into the wood, and fetch thee a handful of strawberries, for I know that thou wilt be pleased with them when thou awakest." In the wood outside, she found a spot with the most beautiful strawberries; but as she was stooping down to gather one, an adder sprang up out of the grass. She was alarmed, left the strawberries where they were, and hastened away. The adder darted after her; but Our Lady, as you can readily understand, knew what it was best to do. She hid herself behind a hazel-bush, and stood there until the adder had crept away again. Then she gathered the strawberries, and as she set out on her way home she said, "As the hazel-bush has been my protection this time, it shall in future protect others also." Therefore, from the most remote times, a green hazel-branch has been the safest protection against adders, snakes, and everything else which creeps on the earth.


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98 She gave birth—some say on 13 December, some on 14 December—still singing, to a boy. Henry II took it from her, gave her the casket, saying, "This is for you," and as to the boy, "this is for me." Then he rubbed the child's lips with garlic, and poured into its mouth some drops of Jurançon wine, and said: "Va, tu serras un vrai Béarnais." When Marguerite had given birth to Jeanne the Spaniards had remarked, "The cow has littered a lamb!" in reference to the cow in the Béarnais arms. Now Henry d'Albret, taking the child in his arms, showed it to his nobles and exclaimed: "See, the lamb has littered a lion!" In the castle is shown the cradle in which the future king of France, Henri Quatre, was rocked. It is a large tortoise-shell, inverted, and suspended by silken cords. When the Sansculottes burst into and sacked the château in 1793, they purposed to destroy this relic of royalty. But the commandant of the castle had foreseen this, and had substituted for the original another tortoise-shell, obtained from the cabinet of a naturalist in the town. This latter was destroyed, but the original was preserved in the attics of the castle.

At Bilhère, a little way out of Pau, on the road to Orthez, is the cottage in which Henry was nursed by a peasantess. That cottage remains much in the same condition as it was then, and is pointed out to visitors with pride. When only five years old his mother took him to Paris to present him to Henry II, King of France. The King took the little prince in his arms and asked him, "Veux-tu être mon fils?" The child, unable to speak other than Béarnais patois, pointed to his father and answered, "Aquet es lou seignou pay" (This is monsieur, my father). "You are right," said the King, "but as you will not be my son, wilt you be my son-in-law?" To which the boy promptly

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Rabelais

J'aime Monsieur Francois Rabelais, that Rough, shoulder-shrugging, laughing Frenchman, Who struts about, broad, red, and fat, With humour for his constant henchman; Who shoots his wit like arrows out, Which goes straight home, like shoulder-smiters, Then shrugs himself and wheels about — The Falstaff of his country's writers.

Your Fènèlon can smoothly glide, Harmoniously in polish'd setting; And Racine, who for sorrow died Because his monarch took to petting; And Molière — witty dog — who caught The lighter nature of his brothers, And, like Greek Aristophanes, taught How much of spleen broad laughter smothers.

Then keen Voltaire, who sniff'd and tried All things by the test of suspicion, Who, holding a free lance, could ride At aught without an intermission; And yet for all his witty ways Could not by any form of pleading, Write a lust-spiel, so Richter says In Hesperus, which is toughish reading.

But, corps de Dieu, this Rabelais stands With broad and rubicon complexion, And tickles you as if with hands, Until you catch his own infection. He cares not for your priests or kings, That strut upon this stage so fickle, But holds them both as legal things To poke his fingers at and tickle.

Of course, the faults that mark'd his age Are found in this bluff, jolly toper, Who says things very far from sage, Which to translate would be improper. Yet innocent enough they lie Behind their old French style of cover, That costs you many a weary sigh Before you can get rightly over.

But still you like him in your mind, And hang upon each wordy duel; And laugh with him, and slip behind Grandgousier and Pantagruel. Frère Jean, too, has a spell to cast About you, very deep and daring— Frère Jean, that rough iconoclast, Who fells opponents with his swearing.

Comment, frère Jean, vous jurez? sighs A friend, who thought that habit shocking; C'est pour orner mon langage, cries This testy Jean, so fond of joking. Poor Hood, from Deutchland writing back, Said Luther's statue, to his liking, Was counterpart of Friar Jack — A compliment not wise or striking.

A nos moutons it were for me   A task to ferret out the meaning That lies behind la joyeuse vie, De Pantagruel and its screening. Yet, inter nos, it might be said, Apart from all his classic chaffing, That Rabelais sometimes shakes his head, As if our duty were — not laughing.

But yet, as Pierre Dupont holds, The mighty soif with which he rages Is but that high thirst which enfolds Itself around the lore of sages. That all his praise of golden wine, And reeling Bacchic invitations, But symbolise Minerva's shrine, By which we ought to pour libations.

Then setting François in the light Of teacher in his way, and putting His grand peut-être out of sight, As not our present purpose suiting; But thinking that his moral's pith Is broad, and very far from mystic, I laugh myself, and finish with A stanza Pantagruelistic.

Come, buveurs, jolly topers, drink From golden wisdom's flowing sources, Until like her own owl we blink, And reel with all her heavenward forces. Ha, parlons de boire and sup, Le bon Dieu is the boundless giver; Ventre de Saint Quenet, drink up, And let the world grow wise for ever.

title: Rabelais


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 dynastic rivalries to secure their victory or revenge, and there were administrative difficulties emerging in discontents which had little to do with either dynastic or hereditary struggles, but lent aid to both and borrowed pretext from both.

It is hardly necessary for me perhaps to recall to your minds what roots of dynastic bitterness still subsisted: but for the sake of clearness I will enumerate them. There was the Dowager Margaret of Burgundy, ready to say or do or believe anything for the sake of revenge; there was the son of Clarence, a prisoner in the king's hands; there were the De la Poles, the five sons of John, Duke of Suffolk, by Elizabeth of York, the eldest of whom had been recognised by Richard III as his presumptive heir; and there was the doubt that hung over the death of Edward V and his brother Richard. It is curious to trace the intertwining of these really incompatible and inconsistent interests, and yet the only conclusion at which we can fairly arrive is the utterly desperate and unprincipled character of the Yorkist intrigues.

The first rising is perhaps the most desperate; in April 1486 the Viscount Lovel, and Humfrey and Thomas Stafford, rose in Worcestershire; the king, as Bacon tells us, thought it a mere rag of Bosworth: although at one time it seemed to be becoming formidable, it collapsed before the king's offer of pardon. Lovel escaped to the Duchess Margaret, Humfrey Stafford was executed, and Thomas was pardoned. "Whether the original motive of the rising was the despair of the attainted leaders, or an intrigue of the as yet unreconciled Yorkist remnant, it is, by the agency of Lord Lovel, linked on with the second rising, that of 1487, in the name of Lambert Simnel. The idea of dethroning the new king by setting up as claimant a person, who pretended to be another person, who was well known to be a prisoner in the king's hands, is not only desperate but unprincipled, and, if I can say it without offence, not only unprincipled and desperate, but Irish. Lambert Simnel, a boy of twelve years old, the son of an organ-maker at Oxford, educated by a clever priest named Symonds, a name still known here, was presented to the


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 world as Edward Earl of Warwick; was received in Ireland in February 1487, crowned at Dublin in May, brought to England in June, and taken prisoner at Stoke near Newark on the 1 6th of that month. In this most extravagant imposture the Yorkist remnant was thoroughly implicated: the Duchess Margaret was represented by Martin Swart and his men; the Earl of Lincoln, the cousin of Warwick, was slain fighting for Simnel; the Lord Lovel, 'the dog' minister of Richard, disappeared on the field, and Henry's suspicions were so strongly excited against his mother-in-law that he had to send her to a nunnery, and her son Lord Dorset to the Tower. The third rising, that in Yorkshire in 1489, was not directly connected with the dynastic quarrel, but was provoked by the taxation voted in the preceding parliament: Egremont, however, the leader of the rioters who killed the Earl of Northumberland at Thirsk, was a Yorkist partisan, and found a refuge in his exile with the intransigent Duchess of Burgundy. After this we get on for three years without overt trouble. The year 149a is marked by another Yorkshire battle, that of Acworth, between the Earl of Surrey and certain rebels, whose occasion of rising is not known; and it would therefore be of little use to argue whether or no it was connected with the imminent conspiracy for Perkin Warbeck, or a result of local discontent of which there may have been other eases not recorded at all.

Next comes the grand episode or tragedy of Perkin, which covers seven years of disturbance, and connects the Yorkist intrigues with the social discontents in a way more striking than any of the previous outbursts. I will only just indicate the dates and points of contact. Perkin, whose prompters, wiser than Lambert Simnel's, identified him with a claimant who could be more easily counterfeited, and who is said to have been educated by the Duchess Margaret to appear as her nephew Richard of York, lands at Cork probably in 1491, certainly by February 1492. According to Bacon, he himself was not at first quite sure who he was, a sort of doubt that has affected the minds of his adherents ever since; but, if there was any hesitation on his part, it must have been assumed for the purpose of


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 under what title he would be most likely to make a good start. After having exhibited himself for some time in Ireland and France without much affecting the political feeling of England, he returned to Flanders in August 1493, and his supporters for a while had to content themselves with intrigue. So thoroughly, however, was the scheme worked, that in 1494 the Yorkist lords in England sent over Sir Robert Clifford to ascertain the truth of the story that was put in Perkin's mouth; and Clifford, after having familiarised himself with the conditions of the party at home, was brought over to the king's side, turned against his employers and gave up their names to the government. Several of these were of the old Yorkist connexion, and were executed in the autumn of 1494; the greatest victim, however, was Sir William Stanley the chamberlain, brother of the lady Margaret's husband, the Earl of Derby, and one of the most able of the adherents who had placed Henry of Richmond on the throne. He had, from some idea apparently that his own services were ill requited, entangled himself in the plot, and, although he must have been undeceived' as to the identity of the impostor, was not therefore spared; he perished in February 1495.

The increasing severity of the king's proceedings, and the success of his counter intrigues, thus warned the rest of the plotters that no time must be lost. In July of this year Perkin attempted a landing at Sandwich; this failing, he went again to Ireland, and then to Scotland, where he obtained full recognition and a noble wife. Henry was now pursuing the course which Edward IV had adopted with regard to himself in his boyhood, and endeavouring to obtain by diplomatic agencies the expulsion of the claimant from the territories of the neighbour princes. Early in 1496 he concluded a treaty with Burgundy, which forbade the entertainment of Perkin there; and in 1497, on the approach of a peace with Scotland, he negotiated for his surrender. The king of Scots, who in November 1496 had made a raid into the north in his behalf, was still prepared to support him and refused to betray him; but he thought it best to be rid of him: sent him to Ireland in July, and, after another invasion and defeat, concluded in September a truce


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Rh, "Obé." Marguerite de Valois was then eighteen months older than Henri. After a while in Paris he was taken back to Pau and committed to the care of Suzanne de Bourbon Busset, Baroness Miossens, who was sent with him to the Castle of Coarraze, near Nay, with instructions that he should be reared among the children of the mountains on simple, wholesome diet.

Accordingly he was treated like the peasant children—was clothed in the same garb, and partook of the same athletic sports. His food was often dry bread. Frequently he trod the mountain paths with bare feet, or clattered about in sabots. For many years he knew no other tongue than the patois, and in after life a bon mot, or a lively sally in his maternal language, served as one of the most powerful means by which to influence the young Gascons whom he led to battle. Antoine de Bourbon fell at the siege of Rouen in 1562, fighting against the Huguenots, and Jeanne was then left free to force Calvinism on her subjects. Thenceforth she was able to rule despotically in her own dominions, till interfered with by the French king. Beza, with approval, records her declaration: "Sooner than ever again attend Mass, or suffer any of my subjects or my children to do so, I would, if possible, cast them into the depths of the sea." And to Henry, when young, she said passionately that should he at any time attend Catholic worship, she would repudiate and disinherit him.

She began by confiscating Church property and appropriating to herself monastic lands. Commissioners were appointed to go through the country, wreck the churches, and sweep into her mint all the gold and silver chalices, candlesticks, and crucifixes, to be coined into money. She

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 for seven years, with which any overt support of the Pretender would have been incompatible.

Before the truce was actually signed Perkin's career was over. In its last act the plot connects itself with the social discontent. In the January parliament a new subsidy had been voted, and this, when it came to be collected, provoked a rising in Cornwall. The men of Cornwall rose under the local hero Flammock, who, declaring the law on his side, and insisting on delivering a petition to the king, started them for London. Picking up as their leader a disaffected nobleman. Lord Audley, on the way, they pushed on to Blackheath, where they were defeated with great loss on the 22nd of June. The king's severity was somewhat arbitrary, but the effect was to quicken Perkin's movements and to point to the part of England where he was most likely to win support. He landed near Penzance in September, pushed to Taunton where he was put to flight, took sanctuary at Beaulieu, and on the 5th of October was surrendered to the king. Henry was inclined to spare him, possibly having some doubt as to his real identity; he was however imprisoned, and his escape in June 1498, his recapture, and further involvement in the plot which was made an excuse for implicating the Earl of Warwick, ended in the execution of the two in November 1499: a cruelty for which other motives and other influences besides the sense of actual danger, are probably accountable.

After the extinction of these two, the false and the true competitors, the king had only the De la Poles to doubt about. The eldest of these, Edmund, who after his brother's death at Stoke had been the head of the branch, and who after his father's death in 1491 had been allowed to surrender his estate of Duke and subside into Earl of Suffolk, quitted England with his brother Richard, in August 1501. What intelligence they may have had of the means by which Ferdinand the Catholic was likely to insure the succession of his son-in-law Arthur; or whether Edmund, who had been fairly well treated by the king, but had taken offence at a humiliation which he had, so far as it was real, brought upon himself, acted on mere impulse and carried his brother with


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 him, we cannot decide;—they fled together to their aunt Margaret and constituted the dynastic bugbear for the rest of the reign. It was not the first escapade. Edmund had been indicted for murder in 1498; he had been pardoned, but notwithstanding had run away to Flanders. He had, however, then returned, apologised, and been received into favour. Just before the celebration of the marriage of Arthur he made this second flight; on the invitation of Maximilian, who was engaged in one of his unaccountable intrigues, he went from Flanders and joined him in Tyrol; the emperor offering to put him at the head of a large force to secure his rights, but really playing him as a card in his diplomatic game with Henry and Ferdinand. In 1502 he was planning an invasion of England to start from Denmark, and was implicated in the attempt on Guisnes which brought Sir James Tyrrell to the block. The same year Henry, by promising Maximilian 10,000 marks for his war against the Turks, prevailed on him to expel the English malcontents, whilst Ferdinand and Isabella as well as Lewis XII joined in urging the proscription. Edmund fled then to the Count Palatine, and in 1504, venturing into Guelders, was taken prisoner by the duke. The same year he was attainted with fifty-two of his adherents. The next year the duke gave him up to the Archduke Philip, under whose care he made some very brave show of claims against Henry VII for the estates and dignities of his father. Unfortunately for him, when the archduke, in 1506, was forced by the weather to land in England, Henry made a point with him that Edmund should be surrendered. Philip, who like his father was quite equal to playing a game of the sort that Henry loved, was on this occasion at the mercy of his host. He promised to surrender the prisoner on the strict understanding that his life should be spared. He was surrendered and his life was spared, so long as Henry VII lived. He came to the Tower in March 1506. In 1513 he was beheaded by Henry VIII. According to Lord Herbert, Henry VII had left it in charge to his son that, although he had sworn not to execute him, his successor should and would be wise to do it. Whether or no this is true, Henry VIII's cruelty was no


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Rh.

Mr. E. J. Lloyd Atkinson, of Oakfield, Romilly Road, Cardiff, writes to Professor Rhys, under date the 11th October last:

"In July and August we were staying at Overton, near Port Eynon, Gower, where this year there happened to be an unusual number of adders, one of which had bitten a sheep, and as a consequence the creature's leg was in a sorry state. When I saw it I suggested that the young farmer should wash it with ammonia; but he replied, 'Oh, I cure it with a poultice made of groundash, tansy, and hazel-leaves.' I asked, 'Why hazel-leaves?' To my amusement he replied, 'Hazel-trees are poisonous to snakes, especially to adders. In fact, no creeping things can live in or near them.' This, of course, I believe to be a myth; but most interesting was it to me to read only last week one of Grimm's fairy tales, 'Hasel-ruthe,' and to find the same myth there repeated. Is it also a Welsh one, as it truly is a German one? Or do you think the Flemings carried it there?

"The farmer pronounced the word [hazel] with the German a."

Professor Rhys, in kindly forwarding the above, says:

"I only remember hearing in North Cardiganshire that when you want to kill a snake you should strike it with a hazel-rod, on the head, I think. There were no snakes about my home; but when I heard this it struck me that any rod would do if the snake was struck hard enough. But the point which my informant, who had been used to snakes, was emphasising was that the rod should be hazel. He had made the acquaintance of snakes on a farm called Ynys Hir, near the mouth of the Dovey, on the Cardiganshire side."

An old woman living on the shores of Loch Rannoch is credited with the gift of second sight. Her daughter describes her as often sitting for hours, deaf and blind to all around her. She is still consulted as to the whereabouts of drowned bodies.

.


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 doubt stimulated by finding Richard De la Pole, the younger brother, fighting in the army of France against him. Richard continued to be a thorn in the side of England—the White Rose of York as he was called—until in 1525 he was killed fighting for Francis I at Pavia.

Margaret of Burgundy lived until 1503, but her power and wealth as well as her zeal had diminished, and after the failure of Perkin she had been almost innocuous. This finishes the dynastic complications of the reign of Henry VII. In the next lecture I shall devote myself chiefly to the constitutional points of importance in connexion with domestic and foreign history.


text: Seventeen lectures on the study of medieval and modern history and kindred subjects/The Reign of Henry VII. (1)


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100 expelled the priests and put ministers in their place. At Pau she hung two of the canons of S. Martin's, and sent a Huguenot preacher into the pulpit. The town council remonstrated. The Queen's reply was that she would with her troopers drive the councillors to be present at his predications. She made it punishable with death as high treason not only for a priest to say Mass, but for man, woman, or child to attend at one.

Charles IX of France went to Nerac, in Gascony, to visit Jeanne.

"In some respects," says Mr. White, "the province of Gascony through which the Court was now travelling, had suffered more than any part of France from the effects of the war. The Protestants had succeeded in putting down Romanism, and at every step he took Charles was reminded of the outrages offered to his religion; he restored the old form of worship, but the scenes he then witnessed appear never to have been forgotten. As he rode along by the side of the Queen of Navarre he pointed to the ruined monasteries, the broken crosses, the polluted churches; he showed her the mutilated images of the Virgin and the saints, the desecrated graveyards, the relics scattered to the winds of heaven."

Jeanne looked with sparkling eyes and with a heart that swelled with exultation at this wreckage, but she noticed the pain it caused to the young king, and thenceforth regarded him with distrust.

A Béarnais named Gondin ventured to remonstrate with Jeanne at her high-handed dealings. "The King of France," said she, "choses to have but one religion in his realm. I am a queen, and I choose to have but one." "The King of France!" echoed Gondin; "that is another matter. I

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 THE OTTAWA HOCKEY CLUB. ☘

Ottawa Hockey team has always been the strongest in Ontario, and one of the best in the C. A. H. League.

the oldest club in Ontario, and was in existence in the days of the challenge system, having played in Montreal during the carnivals.


text: Grimm's Household Tales, Volume 2/The Hazel-Branch


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HE hockey team is composed of seven players, each of whom has his own, distinct position to fill, and the success that attends a well balanced aggregation, depends a great deal upon the systematic way in which these positions are looked after.

Each man has his particular place to fill, his own work to do, and each position on the team, from the goal minder's to that of the centre forward, differing essentially from the others in the duties that it entails, calls for work that may not he used in any other.

Of all the responsible positions on a team, that of the goal-minder is perhaps the most difficult satisfactorily to fill. It is so hard to stop a strong, well-directed shot, and so many of them pour in during the course of a match, that in the exercise of his work, even though it occurs only periodically, the goaler is called upon to use the greatest skill and coolness. A forward may miss a good chance to score, and


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Rh could cross your majesty's kingdom in a hop, skip, and jump." "Then I will trouble you, sir, to hop, skip, and jump out of my realm, and that smartly," was her prompt reply.

At the same time that Jeanne issued her order for the change of religion, she forbade the dances of the peasantry and wailing at funerals.

Of Jeanne d'Albret it might be said in the words of Quintus Curtius: "Nihil præter vultum fœmineum gerens." Marguerite de France, sister of Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III was married in 1572 to Henry of Navarre. The union was not happy, neither cared for the other; and when Marguerite came to Pau she was affronted at her treatment.

"We came to Pau," she wrote, "where no exercise of the Catholic religion is tolerated. However, I was allowed as a favour to hear Mass in a little chapel three or four paces in length, and so narrow that seven or eight persons filled it. At the hour of Mass, the drawbridge was raised to prevent the Catholics of the place from attending; for they were most desirous to do so, having been debarred from it for several years. But, it being Whit-Sunday, some of the citizens succeeded in slipping in before the drawbridge was raised. They were not detected till the end of the service, when some Huguenots who were spying perceived them. They instantly informed the king's secretary, and in my presence were dragged out, whipped, and cast into prison, and were not released for long, and then not till they had paid a heavy fine."

When Henry IV came to the throne of France the care of his hereditary dominions in Gascony was confided to his sister Catherine. In the Castle of Pau at that time was brought up Antoine de Bourbon, Count of Moret, Henry's son by Jacqueline de Bueil. There he studied, but proved a sorry scholar. In later days he ventured on criticizing

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102 the works of Gombaud, whereupon this latter retaliated with an epigram.

Vous chocquez la nature et l'art, Vous qui n'êtes né que d'un crime; Mais pensez vous que d'un bastard Le jugement soit légitime?"

Antoine fell in the battle of Castelnaudary, in 1631. Half a century later, there appeared in Anjou an old hermit, who called himself John Baptist, and whose face resembled Henri Quatre markedly. Moreover, he admitted having been in the battle of Castelnaudary, and showed himself to be intimately acquainted with Pau and with every part of the castle; but he would never say who he was. Louis XIV, having heard of him, sent to demand whether he was the Antoine de Bourbon, son of Henry IV, who had been reported dead. He refused to answer, and on his death-bed, when again questioned on this point, returned an evasive answer.

In matters of religion Henry IV was tolerant. He wrote in 1594:—

"I have in my kingdom of Béarn two parishes separated only by a river. In one of these there has never during my reign been any (Calvinist) preacher; in the other, never a Mass said, yet the inhabitants of these parishes have not wronged one another to the value of a sou. You will see, that I will bring about such concord in my kingdom that there will be no further squabbles."

But before this, when in Paris, under the surveillance of Catherine de Medici, he was obliged to send the Count de Grammont and a commission into Béarn to restore Catholic worship. D'Aubigné relates an incident relative to this attempt that is characteristic of the temper of the times. When the Baron d'Arros, who had been appointed after Montgomery, by Jeanne d'Albret, to enforce the sole

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Rh exercise of Calvinistic worship in her states, heard of the coming of De Grammont, he happened to encounter his father, aged eighty, and blind, coming out of the Huguenot meeting-house. The old man led his son home, placed in his hands a drawn sword, and bade him slay and spare not the Lord's enemies. Arros and thirty-seven followers went to Hagetmau, where Grammont and the commissioners were, and entered the castle unperceived. Then they fell upon and slaughtered officers, soldiers, and servants, indiscriminately. De Grammont alone was spared. His wife—Corisande d'Andouins, one of the loveliest women of the time—threw herself between her husband and Arros, and with tears implored the latter to spare Grammont. When the Baron d'Arros returned to his father to receive a blessing after this exploit, the old man bitterly reproached him for having spared even one. "My son," said he, "how, as a valiant Maccabee, have you allowed this Nicanor to live? The crow you have spared will pluck out your eyes."

Calvinism, after having had complete mastery for over half a century, seems not to have taken firm root. At the present day, out of a population in Béarn of 426,350, there are but 5000 Protestants.

In one of his bear-hunting expeditions, when a lad, Henry of Navarre had visited the church of Bielle in the Val d'Ossau, and had noticed the columns of Italian marble in the church, the spoils of a Gallo-Roman villa. When he was king he sent to Bielle to have these pillars forwarded to him in Paris. The reply of the villagers was: "Sire, our hearts and our properties are yours, dispose of them as you will; but as to these columns, they belong to God. Entendez vous-en avec lui."

As king, Henry said that his ambition was that every one

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104 of his subjects, every peasant in Béarn, should be able every Sunday in the year to put la poule au pot! A couple of centuries later an epigram was written thereon.

Enfin, la poule au pot sera done bientôt mise; On doit du moins le présumer; Car, depuis deux cent ans qu'on nous l'avait promise, On n'a cesse de la plumer."

He did not forget the good things he had eaten in his native land when far away in Paris, and he wrote to Pau to have sent to him "some good melons, muscat grapes, figs, and peaches"; and again, "a dozen geese of Béarn, the fattest that can be found, such as will do honour to my country."

The old cathedral church of Lescar occupies a very ancient site—a Roman town, Beneharnum, on the great Roman road that ran from Narbonne to Dax. The church deserves a visit. Although not large it is fine, dating from the twelfth century. It was erected apparently on the site of some Roman building, for the mosaic that surrounds the high altar, and marks where stood the original apse of the first church, is Roman work, and represents a tiger hunt. It was formerly covered by the floor of the stalls; but these have been removed, and the mosaic, that was much injured, has been restored carefully.

The whole of the low country, and the bottoms of the mountain valleys, were occupied by Romans. Gallic nobles had their villas that studded the land. At Bielle, already mentioned, is a mosaic pavement, and an evidence of the luxury of the period is seen in this villa having had pillars of marble brought from Italy. Other mosaic pavements have been found at Biellan, near Lescar, and at Taron-Sadirac, in the garden of the presbytère and in an adjoining field. The high altar of the church there is entirely formed of slabs taken

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1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Père David's Deer

PÈRE DAVID'S DEER, the mi-lou of the Chinese, an aberrant and strangely mule-like deer (q.v.), the first evidence of whose existence was made known in Europe by the Abbé (then Père) David, who in 1865 obtained the skin of a specimen from the herd kept at that time in the imperial park at Pekin. This skin, with the skull and antlers, was sent to Paris, where it was described in 1866 by Professor Milne-Edwards. In lacking a brow-tine, and dividing in a regular fork-like manner some distance above the burr, the large and cylindrical antlers of this species conform to that general structural type characteristic of the American deer. The front prong of the main fork, however,

curves somewhat forward and again divides at least once; while the hind prong is of great length undivided, and directed backwards in a manner found in no other deer. As regards general form, the most distinctive feature is the great relative length of the tail, which reaches the hocks, and is donkey-like rather than deer-like in form. The head is long and narrow, with a prominent ridge for the support of the antlers, moderate-sized ears, and a narrow and pointed muzzle. A gland and tuft are present on the skin on the outer side of the outer part of the hind cannon-bone; but, unlike American deer, there is no gland on the inner side of the hock. Another feature by which this species differs from the American deer is the conformation of the bones of the lower part of the fore-leg, which have the same structure as in the red deer group. The coat is of moderate length, but the hair on the neck and throat of the old stags is elongated to form a mane and fringe. Although new-born fawns are spotted, the adults are in the main uniformly coloured; the general tint of the coat at all seasons being reddish tawny with a more or less marked tendency to grey. It has been noticed at Woburn Abbey that the antlers are shed and replaced twice a year.

The true home of this deer has never been ascertained, and probably never will be; all the few known specimens now living being kept in confinement—the great majority in the duke of Bedford's park at Woburn, Bedfordshire.


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 the effect is only negative; a point or cover-point man may make a mistake, but there is usually an assistant around to help him; but when the goal-minder makes a blunder, the whistle is blown and a point is placed to the credit of his opponents.

Mr. F. S. Stocking, goal-keeper of the Quebec team, and generally recognized throughout Canada as the peer of his position, has kindly contributed the following hints on goal-minding:

"Goal-keeping is one of the easiest and at the same time one of the most difficult positions to fill successfully on the team.

"It is simple because it is not altogether essential to be an expert skater or stick handler. It is difficult because it requires a quick and true eye together with agility of motion and good judgment.

"Besides keeping his eye on the puck, he must have a good idea where his opponents are placed so as to be prepared to stop a shot resulting from a sudden pass in front of goals.

"I am of the opinion that the goaler should only leave his goal under the following conditions:—First, when he is quite sure that he can reach the puck before an opponent, and when none of his own team are near enough to secure it instead; secondly, when one of the


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Rh thence. In 1847, when I was a boy, I heard peasants romance about a "Palais des Fées," that lay underground in a field by the Lyss, in the commune of Jurançon. I visited the spot and found numerous cubes of mosaic of diverse colours in a ditch. I then saw the peasant proprietor and asked him whether he had discovered anything when ploughing. "Mais oui!" he said; "five years ago I uncovered a picture that represented men sitting about a table drinking and playing cards." I knew how to make allowance for a Gascon's imagination, so I bargained with the man to allow me to institute a search. We cut a trench parallel to the stream and crossed walls and mosaic pavements through a length of 150 feet. I then came to terms with the owner of the field. He was to allow me to dig, and he was to charge two sous at the gate for admission. In a fortnight we had cleared out several rooms, and then, as my pocket-money was exhausted, the English of Pau raised a subscription to pay for the prosecution of the work. In the end we uncovered eleven chambers with well-preserved mosaic floors, and two more of which the floors had broken in upon the heating apparatus underneath, but which had been very richly patterned. The villa consisted of a suite of winter rooms and another for summer residence. In the former all the floors and walls were warmed by a hypocaust. The villa was, moreover, well furnished with baths. In the middle, between the winter and the summer quarters, was the atrium, a court with a tank, in the midst, of pure water, conducted into it by a lead pipe from a well in the hill above. The bottom of the tank was paved with mosaic, representing marine animals, fish, crabs, etc., and the two containing walls were cased in slabs of coloured marbles. Opening out of the atrium was the tablinum, the reception room of the house;

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