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 .’ All these works had a very wide circulation, and gave a valuable stimulus to the study of zoology in schools. Patterson was also a frequent contributor to several scientific journals. In the ‘Zoologist’ he in 1843 published a dissertation on ‘The Reptiles mentioned by Shakespere.’ He wrote also for the ‘Magazine of Natural History,’ and contributed papers to the Royal Irish Academy, several of which are preserved in its ‘Transactions.’

Patterson was one of the earliest and most zealous members of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and in 1839 was appointed one of the secretaries of the section of natural history, an office which he held till 1844. When the association met in Belfast in 1852, he acted as local treasurer. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society and of several other learned bodies.

In Belfast, where he enjoyed universal respect, Patterson meanwhile took an active part in the working of various local institutions. He was one of the founders of the ‘Ulster Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals,’ and a specially zealous promoter of the interests of the ‘Belfast Society for Promoting Knowledge,’ of the Royal Botanic Gardens, and of his old school, the Royal Academical Institution. For twelve years, 1858–70, he was one of the Belfast harbour commissioners. In 1865 he retired from business. He died on 14 Feb. 1872 at his residence, College Square, Belfast. He was buried in the city cemetery, where a handsome granite monument marks his grave. In the first presbyterian (unitarian) church, of which he was an attached member, there is also a mural tablet erected to his memory by his sons.

Patterson married, in 1833, Mary Elizabeth, youngest daughter of William Hugh Ferrar, stipendiary magistrate of Belfast. By her he had eleven children, six daughters and five sons. The latter all engaged in commerce in Belfast. An excellent work by one of them, Mr. Robert Lloyd Patterson, on ‘The Birds, Fishes, and Cetacea of Belfast Lough,’ is well known. Another, Mr. W. H. Patterson, M.R.I.A., compiled a ‘Glossary of the Provincialisms of the Counties of Antrim and Down,’ which was published by the English Dialect Society.

 PATTERSON, ROBERT HOGARTH (1821–1886), journalist and miscellaneous writer, was born in Edinburgh in December 1821, and educated for a civil engineer at the high school of that city. When quite young he entered the printing-office of his cousin, John Ballantyne, as a press corrector. In 1852 he left the printing business to become editor of the ‘Edinburgh Advertiser.’ In 1858 he removed to London as editor—afterwards proprietor—of the ‘Press,’ and in 1865 he was appointed editor of the ‘Globe’ newspaper; but he resigned the post in 1869 to join the board of referees appointed by parliament to investigate and report upon the best means of purification of coal-gas in London. Chemistry had always been one of his favourite studies, and his scientific knowledge enabled him to take a leading part in the proceedings of the referees, which resulted in the discovery of the process still in use for the elimination of sulphur and ammonia impurities from gas.

In 1872 he proceeded to Glasgow as editor of the ‘Glasgow News,’ but his health broke down and he returned to London in 1874, where he resumed his literary work, contributing articles on politics, finance, science, and history to various magazines. In early life he contributed articles to ‘Chambers's Edinburgh Journal,’ and latterly he wrote for the ‘Quarterly,’ ‘Blackwood,’ ‘Bentley,’ and the ‘Dublin University Magazine.’

He had gained a reputation as a financial expert, and was consulted by both the Bank of England and the Bank of France on financial and currency questions, and was elected a fellow, and afterwards a member of council, of the Statistical Society. He died at Hammersmith on 13 Dec. 1886. He had married, in 1848, Georgina, daughter of Captain Thomson of Perth.

Patterson was the author of: 1. ‘The New Revolution; or the Napoleonic Policy in Europe,’ Edinburgh and London, 1860 (a work which attracted considerable attention, owing to the singular fulfilment, soon after publication, of several of its predictions). 2. ‘Essays in History and Art,’ Edinburgh, 1862 (reprinted from ‘Blackwood's Magazine’). 3. ‘The Economy of Capital; or Gold and Trade,’ Edinburgh, 1865. 4. ‘The Science of Finance,’ Edinburgh, 1868. 5. ‘Railway Finance,’ Edinburgh, 1868. 6. ‘The State, the Poor, and the Country, including Suggestions on the Irish Question,’ Edinburgh, 1870. 7. ‘Gas and Lighting’ (British Manufacturing Industries Series), London, 1876. 8. ‘The New Golden Age and the Influence of the Precious Metals upon the World,’ 2 vols., Edinburgh, 1882. He was also the author of the following pamphlets: ‘Indian Politics: two essays on Self-Government in India and the Indian Land Question,’ 2 pts.


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 [1800, May 8.]

Mr. Henry Lee from the Joint committee appointed to prepare and report measures in honor of the memory of General George Washington, made reported the following report: resolutions,

Resolved, that the resolution of Congress passed in 1783 respecting an Equestrian Statue of General Washington be carried into immediate execution; and that the statue be placed in the center of an area to be formed in front of the Capitol.

Resolved, that a marble monument be erected by the United States in the Capitol of the City of Washington, in honor of General Washington to commemorate his service and to express the regrets of the American people for their irreparable loss.

~Resolved, that the President of the United States, be requested to give such instructions directions as may appear to him proper for carrying into affect the preceding resolutions; and that for the present the sum of one hundred thousand dollars be appropriated for these purposes.

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 1864, 8vo; ‘Municipal Finance; the Gas and Water Supply of London,’ 1867, 8vo; ‘Gas Purification in London, including a Complete Solution of the Sulphur Question,’ Edinburgh, 1873, 2nd edit. 1874; ‘Robespierre: a Lyrical Drama,’ 1877, 8vo; and ‘Light Theories: Suggestions for a New System of Cosmical Science.’

PATTERSON, WILLIAM (1755–1810), traveller. [See .]

PATTESON, JOHN (1790–1861), judge, second son of the Rev. Henry Patteson of Drinkstone, Suffolk, by his wife, Sophia, daughter of Richard Ayton Lee, a London banker, was born at Coney Weston, Suffolk, on 11 Feb. 1790. He was at first educated at a school kept by his father's curate, a Mr. Merest, but afterwards went to Eton. His name first appears in the school lists in 1802, and in 1808 he was elected on the foundation. Dr. Sumner, afterwards archbishop of Canterbury, was his tutor. At Eton he proved himself not merely a good scholar, but the best swimmer and one of the best scullers and cricketers in the school. In 1809 he went to Cambridge with a scholarship at King's, which, under the then existing privileges of king's scholars, entitled him to graduate without examination. He accordingly graduated B.A. in 1813, and M.A. in 1816. His university career was, however, distinguished. When the Davies university scholarship for classics was established, he was, in 1810, the first to win it, and in 1812 he was elected a fellow of his college. He hesitated for a short time between holy orders, law, and medicine; but in 1813 he came to London and entered at the Middle Temple. In 1815 he went on the midland circuit as marshal to Mr. Justice Chambre, read in the chambers of Godfrey Sykes, an eminent pleader, and of [q. v.], afterwards a judge. In 1821 he began practice on his own account as a special pleader, and was called to the bar in the same year. He joined the northern circuit, and there, even against competitors such as Alderson and Parke, came to the front by dint of his skill in pleading. He was soon engaged in assisting Littledale in his work as counsel to the treasury. His progress was rapid. His best argument is said to have been in Rennell v. the Bishop of Lincoln (reported in 7 Barnewell and Cresswell, p. 113). He was one of the legal commissioners on the reform of the Welsh judicature, whose report led to the act of 1830, by which three additional judges were appointed—one in the king's bench, one in the common pleas, and one in the exchequer; and, though he had never been a king's counsel, Lord Lyndhurst, in November, appointed him to the new judgeship in the court of king's bench, and he was knighted. For upwards of twenty years he was one of the strongest, most practical, and most learned judges in that court. He had a vast memory and erudition, a lucid mind, gifts of clear expression and an unfailing courtesy. ‘Take him altogether,’ says Sir Joseph Arnould, he was ‘one of the very best and ablest judges that ever sat in Westminster Hall’ (Life of Lord Denman, i. 419). Deafness at length compelled him to tender his resignation at the end of January 1852. On 2 Feb. 1852 he was sworn of the privy council, and for some years was able to serve as a member of its judicial committee. He also acted as a commissioner to examine into the state of the city of London in 1853, was frequently chosen arbitrator in government questions—such as disputes between the crown and duchy of Cornwall, and between the Post Office and the Great Western Railway—and his award terminated a long-standing rating dispute between the university and the town of Cambridge. Failing health at last put an end to all judicial work, and he died on 28 June 1861 at Feniton Court, Honiton, Devonshire, a seat which he had purchased in 1841.

Patteson was twice married: first, on 23 Feb. 1818, to his cousin Elizabeth, daughter of George Lee of Dickleburgh, Norfolk, by whom he had one daughter; and after her death on 3 April 1820, he married, on 22 April 1824, Frances Duke, daughter of Captain James Coleridge of Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, and sister of Sir [q. v.], who died on 27 Nov. 1842. One of his sons by her was [q. v.], bishop of Melanesia.

Patteson edited, in 1824, Serjeant Williams's ‘Notes on Saunders's Reports,’ and the comments which he added are of very high authority.

PATTESON, JOHN COLERIDGE (1827–1871), first missionary bishop in Melanesia, was elder son of Sir [q. v.] the judge, by his second wife, Frances Duke Coleridge. He was brought up at Feniton Court, where his family resided, so as to be near the home of his mother's relatives at Ottery St. Mary. After three years at the grammar school at Ottery,


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 tions of time and place—a conviction which he held also as to Hebrew, to the study of which he often reverted. He made and printed general vocabularies in three of the languages, and lists of interrogatives, prepositions, and conjunctions in eleven; and translated into the Mota tongue, which he regarded as most typical, the third and fourth gospels and other parts of scripture. He stopped, however, deliberately short in the scientific part of the work, mainly because his time was absorbed by the mission. He turned resolutely to the use of the languages for the purpose of teaching. ‘These languages,’ he said, ‘are very poor in words belonging to civilised, literary, and religious life, but exceedingly rich in all that pertains to the needs and habits of men circumstanced as they are. I draw this inference: Don't be in a hurry to translate, and don't attempt to use words as (assumed) equivalents of abstract ideas. Don't devise modes of expression unknown to the language as at present in use. They can't understand, and therefore don't use words to express definitions.’ Under Patteson's rule the character of the natives was completely transformed. Their savagery disappeared, there was no more war; and, after twenty years, out of a population of eight hundred in the chief island, Mota, all but forty were baptised. To this result Patteson's pupil, George Sarawia, the first Melanesian clergyman, largely contributed.

His interest in all that was going on at home was vividly maintained. He wrote regularly to his father while he lived, and to his sisters; he read largely; he kept up communication with many of his old friends; he corresponded with Professor Max Müller as to the Melanesian languages. He embraced enthusiastically Bishop Selwyn's plan of church government, under which every office-holder signed a pledge that he would resign his office when called upon to do so by the church synod or a court appointed by it; and believed that by this instrument the ecclesiastical body could, not only in the colonies, but in England itself, act beneficially in independence of the national organisation. In theological matters his sympathies were enlarged by his experience. Though sympathising with Pusey and Keble, and owing much to the latter, he criticised their tendencies and distinctly dissented from their views on the Lord's Supper.

His life was often in danger, for though the natives respected him they were changeable and suspicious and without restraint. At Santa Cruz in 1864 he was attacked as he left the shore, and though he escaped, two of his companions, Edwin Nobbs and Fisher Young, were struck by the poisoned arrows, and died of tetanus. But these dangers were greatly increased by the abuses of the labour traffic in the Pacific. The planters in Fiji and Queensland required native labourers, and many of the islanders were willing to go to the plantations for a few years; but unscrupulous traders lured away the islanders under false pretences, practically enslaved them, and at times used the bishop's name to attract victims. The bishop had never condemned the traffic, believing that it might be carried on honestly and with benefit to all parties; but he desired that it should be subjected, as it was after his death, to regulation by the British government. He found that many of the islands were depopulated by this new slave trade, and he had joined in bringing some notorious offenders to justice.

He visited the island of Nukapu on 16 Sept. 1871, not knowing that an outrage had been committed on its inhabitants by some Englishmen a few months before. He had once before been there, and he landed alone and unarmed. His friends, who were waiting for him in the ship's boat at the reef outside the island, found themselves attacked by a flight of arrows, which wounded two of them; and soon after a canoe floated out from the shore, in which was the dead body of the bishop, with a frond of palm tied in five knots. This was known to imply that he had been killed in revenge for five of the inhabitants. One of his companions, the Rev. Joseph Atkin, died of tetanus a few days afterwards. The members of the mission prayed that there should be no retaliation; but, unhappily, Captain Markham of the Rosario having gone to Nukapu to make inquiries, the natives, believing that he had come to avenge the bishop, fired on him, and drew upon themselves the penalty of this act. The death of the bishop, however, roused the Christian conscience in England. Its mention in the queen's speech at the opening of parliament led to the regulation of the labour traffic; the mission was extended, and gained a new ground of appeal to the hearts of the Melanesians; and his successor, Bishop John Selwyn, was able to show the men of Nukapu that they had, through a fatal error, slain their best friend. A cross erected by him on the spot where Patteson fell attests the martyrdom of the missionary bishop and the reconciling power of his death.

[Life by Miss Charlotte M. Yonge, 2 vols. 1873, new edit. 1878; Life by Miss Frances Awdry under the title ‘The Story of a Fellow Soldier,’ 1875; Men of the Reign; Heaton's


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  Australian Dates and Men of the Time; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1715–1886; personal reminiscences.]  PATTI, CARLOTTA (1835–1889), vocalist, born at Florence on 30 Oct. 1835, was the daughter of a singer named Salvator Patti, a native of Catania (d. 1869), and of his wife, Catherine Chiesa, a Roman, whose first husband was Signor Barilli. Eight years senior to her more famous sister, Mme. Adelina Patti (b. 1843), Carlotta, after being grounded in the rudiments of music by her mother, began its serious study by learning the pianoforte under Heinrich Herz (1806–1888). But finding herself the possessor of a voice of more than ordinary capacity, she renounced the pianoforte in order to devote herself entirely to singing.

After the removal of her family to the United States she made her first appearance in 1861 as a concert singer at the Academy of Music in New York, with pronounced success; and in the following year she joined, with her brother Carlo (1842–1873), a violinist, Max Strakosch's concert party, then touring in North America. Coming next to England, Carlotta made her début in this country on 16 April 1863 at a concert at Covent Garden Theatre, when she attracted considerable attention; and on 9 May she created almost a furore at the Crystal Palace. After taking part in some fifty concerts, as well as singing before the court, Carlotta Patti spent a large part of the next six years in various continental tours, singing at Vienna in 1865, and again in 1867 at the Carl Theatre. During one of these tours a wealthy Wallachian noble amateur once sent a coach-and-four with four men to meet the diva; and when she complimented him on the good taste of his equipage, he replied, ‘If it please you, madame, pray keep it, coach and men, in remembrance of the occasion.’ The offer was declined.

In 1869 Mlle. Patti returned to America, and became the leading attraction of Strakosch's company, gaining especial praise for her singing of the part of the Queen of the Night in ‘Die Zauberflöte.’ In the spring of 1870 she was in South America, where, at Buenos Ayres, she made almost her only appearance on the stage, singing in Rossini's ‘Barber’ and in ‘Don Pasquale.’ A concert given later in the same country for the benefit of the sufferers in the Franco-Prussian war realised a profit of sixty thousand francs. In 1872 she was singing with Mario in the United States, but from time to time she reappeared in Europe, and sang at the London Philharmonic and other concerts.

On 3 Sept. 1879 Mlle. Patti married M. Ernest de Munck, solo violoncellist to the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar; and from that date to her death, which took place from cancer, at her house in the Rue Pierre-Charron at Paris, on 27 June 1889, she retired from public life, though much of her time was devoted to teaching.

Mlle. Patti possessed a voice of quite abnormal compass, which is said to have extended to G in altissimo, but, though of great brilliancy, it was deficient in sympathy. Her style and execution were excellent and finished, and it was almost entirely due to lameness, the result of an accident, that she never attempted to take a more prominent place among operatic singers.

[The Times and other daily papers, 29 June 1889; the Musical World from 1869 to 1889, which closely followed in its reports from America and the Continent the performances of Mlle. Patti; Hanslick's Aus dem Concertsaal, Vienna, 1870, pp. 356, 441; Grove's Dict. of Music; information kindly supplied by M. E. de Munck.]  PATTINSON, HUGH LEE (1796–1858), metallurgical chemist, born on 25 Dec. 1796, at Alston, Cumberland, was the son of Thomas Pattinson, a retail trader of that town, and his wife Margaret Lee. Both his parents were members of the Society of Friends. Hugh was educated at small private schools, but from an early age assisted his father, who died on 19 May 1812. He succeeded in acquiring a knowledge of electricity, and when only seventeen constructed some electrical apparatus; he also studied chemistry, especially in connection with metallurgy.

About 1821 he became clerk and assistant to Anthony Clapham, a soap-boiler in Newcastle. In 1825 he obtained the post of assay-master to the lords of the manor at Alston (the Greenwich Hospital Commissioners) and returned to his native place. In January 1829 Pattinson first discovered an easy and economic method of separating the silver from lead-ore, but owing to want of funds was not then able to complete his researches. In 1831 he was appointed manager to the lead works of Mr. Wentworth Beaumont; here, after further experiments, he perfected his process for desilverising lead, and finally patented it in 1833. The following year he resigned his post of manager, and, in partnership with John Lee and George Burnett, established chemical works at Felling and (afterwards) at Washington, near Gateshead.

Pattinson's process for the desilverisation of lead was a most valuable discovery, and permitted of the successful working of previously neglected lead-mines. Before this


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 invention it had always been thought that cupellation, the method of directly extracting silver from lead, could not be profitably conducted in the case of lead containing less than eight ounces of silver in the ton; but by his process silver can profitably be extracted from lead when present only in the proportion of two or three ounces to the ton of lead. Pattinson's process has led to the invention of the German verb ‘pattinsoniren,’ and French substantive ‘pattinsonage’ (for a full description of the process, with diagrams, see Percy's ‘Metallurgy,’ Lead, pp. 121–44). Almost equally important were two others of his discoveries: (1) a simple method for obtaining white lead by a process (patented 1841) which gave rise to the formation of the then new compound, oxychloride of lead; and (2) a new process (patented 1841) for manufacturing ‘magnesia alba.’ Pattinson also first announced the discovery, from observations which had been made at a neighbouring colliery in 1840, that steam issuing from an orifice becomes electrical, a phenomenon subsequently turned to account by Mr. (afterwards Lord) Armstrong in his hydro-electrical machine.

Pattinson had joined in 1822 the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle. He was vice-president of the chemical section of the British Association in 1838, a fellow of the Geological Society and of the Royal Astronomical Society, and was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in June 1852.

Pattinson visited America in 1839–40 to investigate a proffered mining speculation, which, however, turned out worthless, and he, with his party, had to decamp by night to escape the threatened violence of the disappointed proprietors. In 1858 he retired from business, and, in order to master astronomy, devoted himself to the study of mathematics and physics. The 7½-inch equatorial telescope which he erected at his residence, Scot's House, near Gateshead, was used by Piazzi Smyth. Pattinson died at Scot's House on 11 Nov. 1858.

He was the author of eight papers on lead-mining and electrical phenomena that appeared in the ‘Philosophical Magazine,’ the ‘Transactions of the Northumberland Natural History Society,’ and in the ‘Reports of the British Association.’

On 25 Dec. 1815 he married Phœbe, daughter of John Walton of ‘The Nest,’ Alston, having two days before been baptised into the church of England at the Angel Inn, when he took the additional christian name of Lee in honour of his mother.

[Percy's Metallurgy, ‘Lead,’ pp. 121–44; Lonsdale's Worthies of Cumberland, 1873, pp. 273–320, with portrait; information kindly supplied by his daughter, Mrs. Newall; English Cyclopædia; Roy. Soc. Cat.]

PATTISON, DOROTHY WYNDLOW, known as (1832–1878), philanthropist, was tenth and youngest daughter of Mark James Pattison, rector of Haukswell, near Richmond, Yorkshire, who died on 30 Dec. 1865. Mark Pattison [q. v.] was her brother. Born at Haukswell on 16 Jan. 1832, she resided with her parents till her twenty-ninth year, when, with philanthropic aims, she became village schoolmistress in the parish of Little Woolston, near Bletchley, Buckinghamshire. There she remained for three years, till 1864. In the autumn of 1864 she became, in opposition to her father's wish, a member of the sisterhood of the Good Samaritan at Coatham, near Redcar, Yorkshire, and adopted the name of Sister Dora. In accordance with the rules of the order, she became a cook in the kitchen. In the early part of 1865 she was sent to Walsall to help in nursing at a small cottage hospital which had been established by the sisterhood there. In December 1865 the mother superior at Coatham cruelly refused her permission to attend her father's deathbed. She now set to work to become a good surgical nurse, and she was soon exceptionally skilled in the treatment of wounds and fractures. The patients were chiefly men and boys disabled by coal-pit accidents, or wounded by machinery in workshops. In 1867 a new hospital was built, of which she had sole charge. Her power of work was very great; her naturally exuberant spirits never deserted her, and a deep sense of religion completely controlled her conduct. Her courage was as notable as her enthusiasm. She did not scruple to attend the most virulent cases of smallpox, and regularly attended the post-mortem examinations. In this way she acquired an accurate knowledge of anatomy, and could perform minor operations with dexterity. For a time she studied at the Birmingham Ophthalmic Hospital. She also trained lady nurses at Walsall. Grateful for her many services to them, the men of the South Staffordshire railway line in 1871 presented her with a carriage and a pony. During 1874 Sister Dora left the community of the Good Samaritan, and in February 1877 she resigned her connection with the cottage hospital of the sisterhood in order to take charge of the Municipal Epidemic Hospital in Walsall. The cases were chiefly smallpox. Full as her hands were, she found time to take part in missions to the unfortunate, and was never weary of trying to improve the con-


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 duct of her poor neighbours. In the winter of 1876 she was attacked with cancer, but continued at the hospital until it was temporarily closed on 21 June 1878. On her deathbed Monsignor Capel visited her and vainly attempted to persuade her to be baptised into the church of Rome. She died at Walsall on 24 Dec. 1878, and was buried on 28 Dec.

In remembrance of, and in gratitude for, her self-sacrifice, her portrait was placed in the board-room of the hospital, a fund was raised for sending patients to convalescent hospitals (an object which she had commenced collecting for), a memorial window was placed in the parish church, and her statue, by Williamson, was unveiled at Walsall on 11 Oct. 1886.

PATTISON, GRANVILLE SHARP (1791–1851), anatomist, born in 1791, youngest son of John Pattison of Kelvin Grove, Glasgow, was admitted a member of the faculty of physicians and surgeons of Glasgow in 1813. He acted in 1818 as assistant to Allan Burns, the lecturer on anatomy, physiology, and surgery at the Andersonian Institute in that city, but he only held the office for a year, and was succeeded by Dr. William Mackenzie [q. v.] He proceeded to Philadelphia in 1818, and there lectured privately on anatomy. In 1820 he was appointed to the chair of anatomy, physiology, and surgery in the university of Maryland in Baltimore, a post he filled for five years and resigned on the ground of ill-health. During this period he edited the second edition of Burns's ‘Observations on the Surgical Anatomy of the Head and Neck,’ which was published in 1823. Pattison returned to England in July 1827. He was appointed, and for a short time occupied the important position of, professor of anatomy at the university of London (now University College), acting at the same time as surgeon to the University Dispensary, which preceded the foundation of the North London Hospital. These posts he was compelled to relinquish in 1831, and in the same year he became professor of anatomy in the Jeafferson Medical College, Philadelphia, where he received the degree of doctor of medicine. He was appointed professor of anatomy in the university of New York on the reorganisation of its medical department in 1840, a post he retained till his death on 12 Nov. 1851. He was author of ‘Experimental Observations on the Operation of Lithotomy,’ Philadelphia, 1820; and of much controversial material of ephemeral interest. He edited in 1820 the ‘American Recorder,’ and the ‘Register and Library of Medical and Chirurgical Science,’ Washington, 1833–6; and was co-editor of the ‘American Medical Library and Intelligencer,’ Philadelphia, 1836. He translated Masse's ‘Anatomical Atlas.’ He left a widow, but no children.

PATTISON, MARK (1813–1884), rector of Lincoln College, Oxford, and author, was son of Mark James Pattison (d. 1865), for many years rector of Haukswell, Yorkshire, by Jane, daughter of Francis Winn of Richmond, Yorkshire, banker. Born on 10 Oct. 1813 at Hornby in the North Riding, where his father was then curate in charge, Mark was the eldest of twelve children, ten of them daughters, the youngest being well known as Sister Dora [see ]. His father, a strict evangelical, but a fair scholar, gave him, first at Hornby and afterwards at Haukswell, all his education before he proceeded to the university, and grounded him well in Latin, Greek, and mathematics. Literature and learning were his delight from an early age. But in his youth he was by no means a bookworm, and up to middle age he was a good rider, an enthusiastic fisherman, and an eager student of natural history. Brought up in a retired village, among a large family of sisters, and mixing very little with other boys, he became morbidly shy, sensitive, and self-conscious. On 5 April 1832 he matriculated from Oriel College, Oxford, and found himself in a world which was wholly different from what he had expected, and where he was surpassed in everything and on every occasion by those whom he felt to be in all real respects his inferiors. His undergraduate course at Oriel was at an unfortunate time. (1789–1882) [q. v.] had succeeded [q. v.] as provost, and had got rid of Newman, Hurrell Froude, and Robert Wilberforce, the tutors to whom the reputation of the college was largely owing, and had replaced them by less able but more subservient men. The college lectures taught Pattison nothing (cf., Reminiscences, i. 237). In his second year he was ‘put into


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 Aristotle's Rhetoric; but such a lecture!—the tutor incapable of explaining any difficulty, and barely able to translate the Greek, even with the aid of a crib’ (, Memoirs, p. 130). He missed the first class, which had been the object of his and his father's ambition. In the class list of Easter term 1836 his name appeared in the second class in classical honours. In fact, though wholly devoted to study, his reading had been at once too discursive and too thorough. Instead of confining his attention to the rigidly orthodox and narrow list of books usually taken up, he ‘frittered away time over outlying books—Lysias, Cicero de Legibus, Terence, and other feather-weights which counted for nothing in the schools, but with which I had the whim to load my list’ (Memoirs, p. 150). Nor had he confined his reading to classics. During his undergraduate course he had been a diligent student of English literature, had spent much time upon the Pope-Addison-Swift circle, and had laid the foundation of his interest in eighteenth-century speculation.

Pattison graduated B.A. in 1836 and M.A. in 1840. In the meantime he had abandoned the narrow evangelical views in which he had been brought up, and had fallen under the influence of Newman. For some time in 1838–9 he lived with other young men in Newman's house in St. Aldate's, and aided in the translation of Thomas Aquinas's ‘Catena Aurea on the Gospels.’ ‘St. Matthew’ was Pattison's work.

In April 1838 he stood for a fellowship at Oriel, in June at University, in November at Balliol, but each time without success. He was in despair. His ‘darling hope of leading a life of study as a fellow seemed completely blocked.’ At last, in November 1839, he was elected to a fellowship at Lincoln. ‘No moment in all my life has ever been so sweet as that Friday morning, 8 Nov.,’ when his election was announced (Memoirs, p. 183). At Lincoln he at first found himself even less at home than at Oriel. It was a rigidly anti-Puseyite college, characterised indeed by no evangelical fervour, but of the type known some years later as ‘low and slow.’ In all respects the college was at a low ebb. Pattison became more and more devoted to Newman, and was for some years ‘a pronounced Puseyite, daily reciting the hours of the Roman breviary, and once getting so low by fostering a morbid state of conscience as to go to confession to Dr. Pusey’ (ib. p. 189). In 1841 he was ordained deacon, and in 1843 priest. He obtained the Denyer theological prize in 1841, and again in 1842, the subjects being respectively ‘The Sufficiency of Holy Scriptures for the Salvation of Man’ and ‘Original or Birth Sin and the Necessity of New Birth unto Life.’ In 1842 his translation of Aquinas on St. Matthew was printed. This was followed by two lives of English saints (Stephen Langton and St. Edmund) in the series edited by Newman, neither of them of great merit, but at least free from the trivialities and childish miracles which appear so frequently in the volumes.

In 1842 he wrote his first purely literary article on ‘Earliest English Poetry,’ for which he spent months of study. It appeared in the ‘British Critic.’

His appointment to a college tutorship in 1843 gave him a serious object in life, ‘beyond holding up one of the banners of the Puseyite party.’ It was necessary to devote his mind to Aristotle, logic, and the classics generally, which he had for some time neglected. The preparation for his lectures took up most of his time, and a series of literary articles in the ‘Christian Remembrancer’ (‘Miss Bremer's Novels,’ 1844; ‘Gregory of Tours,’ ‘Wordsworth's Diary in France,’ 1845; ‘Church Poetry,’ ‘The Oxford Bede,’ ‘Thiers's Consulate and Empire,’ ‘The Sugar Duties,’ 1846; ‘Hugh Miller's First Impressions of England,’ 1847; ‘Mill's Political Economy,’ 1848; ‘Lord Holland's Foreign Reminiscences,’ 1851) occupied the remainder, and thus carried him out of the narrow ecclesiastical range of thought and practice in which he had for some years lived. Hence the secession of Newman to the church of Rome in 1845 was less of a shock to him than to many of his associates. Yet he thinks he ‘might have dropped off to Rome in some moment of mental and physical depression, or under the pressure of some arguing convert,’ in 1847 (ib. p. 221). But he had become devoted to his work as a college tutor, and was growing conscious of the possession of that magnetic influence which first affected his pupils, afterwards the college generally, and latterly so many outsiders with whom he came in contact. His appointment as examiner in the school of literæ humaniores in the spring of 1848 seems to have been the turning-point of his life.

His success as an examiner surprised him, and proved both to himself and to the university that his powers and his learning were not only equal to, but greater than, those of men of much higher reputation. Tractarianism gradually left him, and he became less and less influenced by theological opinion, for which in his latter years he had little regard except as it affected practical life or


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 was considered as a branch of learning. To liberal opinions in politics he had always inclined, and these became more firmly fixed, but he was never an ardent politician.

His term of office as examiner gave an impetus to his study of Aristotle, and he soon acquired a reputation as the most successful college tutor and the ablest lecturer on the ‘Ethics’ in Oxford. For the three years (1848–1851) he was, moreover, absolute ruler of his college, which during that time was one of the best managed in the university. They were the happiest years of his life. He was an ideal teacher, grudging no amount of time or labour to his pupils, teaching them how to think, and drawing out and developing their mental faculties. He excited the warmest affection on their part, and their success in the schools, if not always commensurate with their or his wishes, was considerable. For several years he invited two or three undergraduates to join him for some weeks in the long vacation at the lakes, in Scotland, or elsewhere, and he assisted them in their studies without fee.

Dr. Radford, the rector of Lincoln, died in October 1851. The fellows taking actual part in the election of his successor were nine in number—two others were abroad. Of these nine, three resident fellows who represented the intellectual element of the college warmly supported Pattison; a fourth—non-resident—signified his intention to do the same, and this, with his own vote, gave him a majority. But he was not popular in the common-room, where his habit of retiring at eight o'clock, and spending the rest of the evening in tutorial work or private study, was resented by those who were accustomed to devote the whole evening to port wine and whist. A discreditable intrigue induced the non-resident fellow at the last moment to support an obscure candidate whose single merit was that he would keep out Pattison, and probably, if successful, would reduce the college to the happy condition of mental torpor out of which it had of late been raised. But though this defection prevented Pattison's election, it did not result in that of the rival candidate; and in the end, as a choice of evils, the Rev. James Thompson, B.D., an equally unknown man, without any special qualification for the headship of a learned society, was elected, mainly through the votes of Pattison and his friends (Memoirs, pp. 272–88; Letter to the Rev. J. Thompson, by J. L. Kettle, London, 1851; Letter to the Rev. J. Thompson, by Rev. T. E. Espin, Oxford, 1851; Letter to Rev. T. E. Espin, from J. L. Kettle, London, 1851). To Pattison the blow was crushing. It seemed to him the downfall of all his hopes and ambitions, no doubt partly personal, but chiefly for the prosperity and success of the college in which his whole heart and pride had been for some years invested. But in the account of his feelings, which he wrote thirty years afterwards, he does himself injustice. He did not fall into the state of mental and moral degradation which he there graphically describes, and the language which he uses of his state is greatly exaggerated. The routine of tuition may have become as weary as he represents it, but, while his great depression was obvious to all who came in contact with him at this time, his lectures—on Aristotle and on Thucydides—were as able, as suggestive, and as stimulating as ever, and, except for the interruption of a serious illness, the result, no doubt, of the shock which he had sustained, his interest in his pupils and his efforts to aid them in their studies and to promote their success in the schools were as great as ever. An ill-natured but unsuccessful attempt to deprive him of his fellowship for not proceeding to the degree of B.D. within the statutable period added to his vexation (he took the degree in 1851). In his ‘Diary’ in August 1853 he writes: ‘My life seems to have come to an end, my strength gone, my energies paralysed, and all my hopes dispersed’ (Memoirs, p. 298). But, in fact, matters had already begun to mend. In the spring of 1853 he had been nominated a second time examiner in literæ humaniores. He again took to fishing, and to this pursuit, and to frequent excursions in the north of England and Scotland, he attributed the restoration of his mental equilibrium and his old energy. ‘Slowly the old original ideal of life, which had been thrust aside by the force of circumstance, but never obliterated, began to resume its place. As tone and energy returned, the idea of devoting myself to literature strengthened and developed’ (ib. p. 308).

It was the ‘Ephemerides’ of Isaac Casaubon, printed at the Clarendon Press in 1851, that specially drew him out of his depression and launched him on the field of inquiry that was to be his main occupation for the remaining thirty years of his life. He wrote (in 1852) an article on Casaubon which alone proves how he exaggerated in his ‘Memoirs’ the mental prostration of the period; it appeared in the ‘Quarterly Review’ in 1853. Its success made him contemplate a history of learning from the Renaissance downwards; but he soon found this scheme was too extensive, and he contracted his views to the history of classical learning. Of this plan


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 he executed only fragments. He was specially attracted by Scaliger as the greatest scholar of modern times. In 1855 he was already contemplating writing Scaliger's life, and had made much preparation for it, when the appearance of Bernays's ‘Joseph Justus Scaliger’ induced him for a time to lay aside the design. But his enthusiastic admiration for ‘the most richly stored intellect that ever spent itself in acquiring knowledge’ increased. He saw in Scaliger the central figure of his age, and imposed it upon himself ‘as a solemn duty to rescue his memory from the load of falsehood and infamy under which the unscrupulous jesuit faction had contrived to bury it.’ In some respects Pattison singularly resembled his hero. The same thoroughness, the same hatred of half learning and of shams of every kind, the same love of learning for its own sake, the same reverence for truth, and, it must be added, the same caustic tongue, characterised both. He was constantly amassing materials for Scaliger's life, and after Bernays's death he formally resumed his project, and had made good progress with the work at the time of his own death. To those who, like Dr. Johnson, love most the biographical part of literature, the loss of Pattison's life of Scaliger is simply irreparable. All that we have of this work, to which he devoted thirty years of his life, is an article in the ‘Quarterly’ and three fragments printed after his death with his collected essays.

But his troubles were not yet at an end. It was never easy for him to work with those with whom he was altogether out of sympathy. Differences arose between him and the new rector, and at the end of 1855 he threw up his tutorship. But though this caused him much vexation at the time, the result was perhaps beneficial, as it enabled him to devote himself entirely to study and to literature. His reputation as a philosophical tutor was so great that when it was known that he was willing for a term or two to take private pupils, the best men in the university desired to read with him. He now began to make long tours in Germany, occasionally spending weeks together at one of the universities, and attending the lectures of a philosophical or theological professor. In 1858 he was for three months the Berlin correspondent of the ‘Times,’ and in 1859 was appointed one of the assistant commissioners to report upon continental education. The results of his inquiries appeared in a blue-book in 1861 (‘Education Commission; Report of the Assistant Commissioners on the State of Popular Education in Continental Europe.’ Vol. iv. (pp. 161–267) contains Pattison's report on the state of elementary education in Germany).

Always earnest in promoting university reform, he contributed to ‘Oxford Essays’ (1855) an article on ‘Oxford Studies,’ now rather of historical and literary than of practical interest, partly owing to the changes since effected, partly because the maturer view of its author is contained in his ‘Suggestions on Academical Organisation’ (1868), and in the essay which he contributed to the volume ‘On the Endowment of Research’ (1876). In these three writings he puts forward his views on university reform. He desired to see the university no longer a mere continuation-school for boys of a larger growth, diligently crammed with a view to passing examinations, but a place of real education, aiming at ‘a breadth of cultivation, a scientific formation of mind, a concert of the intellectual faculties;’ and, further, an institution organised to promote learning and research, so as to carry out ‘the principle that the end and aim of the highest education must be the devotion of the mind to some one branch of science.’ In 1860 he contributed to ‘Essays and Reviews’ ‘Tendencies of Religious Thought in England, 1688–1750.’ Learned, temperate, and impartial, the vehement and bitter haters of the book and its contributors could find little fault with his article, except the fact that it had appeared in company with the others.

On the death of Dr. Thompson in 1861, Pattison obtained the prize he had contended for ten years earlier, and was elected rector of Lincoln. In 1870 he accepted for the third time the office of public examiner, then an unusual post for the ‘head of a house’ to fill. He was also a delegate of the press and of the Bodleian Library, but in 1878 he declined the vice-chancellorship. Although for a time after his election the rector lectured on the ‘Ethics,’ he took a less active part in the administration of the college than might have been expected. The habits of ten years had disinclined him for administrative detail. He showed a keen interest in those undergraduates who possessed a love of study or a desire to succeed in the schools, but he did not much concern himself with the college generally or with the undergraduates.

In the meantime his literary activity was great. His articles in the ‘Quarterly’ on ‘Huet’ (1855), ‘Montaigne’ (1856), ‘Joseph Scaliger’ (1860), ‘The Stephenses’ (1865); in the ‘National Review’ on ‘Bishop Warburton’ and ‘Learning in the Church of England’ (1863); in the ‘North British’ on ‘F. A. Wolf’ (1865), were marked by that thorough knowledge, that maturity of judgment, and


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 that grasp of the subject-matter which are among the characteristics of his writings. For some time he wrote the article ‘Religion and Philosophy’ in the literary chronicle of the ‘Westminster Review;’ and though he ceased to do so at the end of 1855, he continued to furnish occasional notices of theological and historical books to that ‘Review,’ to which he also contributed the following more serious articles: ‘The Present State of Theology in Germany’ and ‘Buckle's Civilisation in England,’ 1857; ‘Calvin at Geneva’ and ‘The Calas Tragedy,’ 1858; ‘Early Intercourse of England and Germany,’ 1861; ‘Popular Education in Prussia,’ 1862; ‘Mackay's Tübingen School,’ 1863. To the ‘Saturday Review’ he was a frequent contributor for some years after its commencement in 1855, and continued to write occasionally down to 1877, his severe but not unfair review of W. E. Jelf's edition of ‘Aristotle's Ethics,’ 8 March 1856, bringing down upon him a foolishly irate letter from Jelf [see ]. He also wrote in the ‘British Quarterly’ (‘Pope and his Editors,’ 1872), the ‘North American’ (‘The Thing that might be,’ 1881), ‘Fraser's Magazine’ (‘The Birmingham Congress,’ 1857; ‘Antecedents of the Reformation,’ 1859; ‘Philanthropic Societies in the Reign of Queen Anne,’ 1860), ‘Macmillan’ (‘A Chapter of University History’ and ‘Milton,’ 1875), the ‘Contemporary’ (‘The Religion of Positivism,’ 1876), ‘Fortnightly’ (‘The Age of Reason,’ ‘Note on Evolution and Positivism,’ and ‘Books and Critics,’ 1877; ‘Industrial Shortcomings,’ 1880; ‘Etienne Dolet,’ 1881), ‘New Quarterly Magazine’ (‘Middle-class Education,’ 1879), and the ‘Academy,’ where his reviews of Newman's ‘Grammar of Assent’ and Mozley's ‘Reminiscences’ have not only a literary, but a personal interest. He was an occasional contributor to the ‘Times’ (‘Hatin's Histoire de la Presse,’ 19 Nov. 1860; ‘Courthope's Pope,’ 27 Jan. 1882; ‘Muretus,’ 23 Aug. 1882), to ‘Mind’ (‘Philosophy in Oxford,’ 1876), to the ‘Journal of Education,’ and to the short-lived ‘Reader,’ and so late as May 1883 wrote a review of Mr. Henry Craik's ‘Life of Swift’ for the ‘Guardian’ newspaper. (His diaries refer to other reviews and magazine articles which it has not been found possible to identify with certainty.)

At the same time Pattison edited with notes, for the Clarendon Press, in 1869 Pope's ‘Essay on Man’ (2nd edit. 1872), and in 1872 Pope's ‘Satires and Epistles’ (2nd edit. 1874). In the ninth edition of the ‘Encyclopædia Britannica’ are to be found seven biographical notices by Pattison on Bentley, Casaubon, Erasmus, Grotius, Lipsius, More, and Macaulay, ‘all terse, luminous, and finished’ ( in Macmillan's Magazine, vol. li.) In 1879 he wrote a life of Milton for the ‘English Men of Letters’ series (reprinted, with considerable alterations, 1880, 1883, 1885, and 1887), and in 1883 he published an edition of Milton's ‘Sonnets.’ In 1875 his most important work appeared—the life of ‘Isaac Casaubon’ (2nd edit. 1892, with index). Though he only devoted himself to Casaubon upon finding his intention to write the life of Scaliger anticipated by Bernays, he threw himself con amore into the work, and the result is that he has given to the world the best biography in our language of a scholar, as he in common with Casaubon and Scaliger understood the word.

But Pattison was by no means a recluse. For some years after his marriage in 1861 his house was a centre of all that was best in Oxford society. Under a singularly stiff and freezing manner to strangers and to those whom he disliked, he concealed a most kindly nature, full of geniality and sympathy, and a great love of congenial, and especially of female, society. But it was in his intercourse with his pupils, and generally with those younger than himself, that he was seen to most advantage. His conversation was marked by a delicate irony. His words were few and deliberate, but pregnant with meaning, and above all stimulating, and their effect was heightened by perhaps too frequent and, especially to undergraduates, somewhat embarrassing flashes of silence. His aim was always to draw out by the Socratic method what was best in the mind of the person he conversed with, and he seemed to be seeking information and suggestions for his own use. To the last he was open to new personal impressions, was most grateful for information on subjects which were of interest to him, and was always full of generous admiration for good work, or even for work which, if not really good, was painstaking or marked by promise.

The Social Science Association found in him one of its earliest supporters; and he was for some years, to the surprise and even amusement of some of his friends, a regular attendant at the conferences, a sympathetic listener to the papers, and a diligent frequenter of the soirées. At the meeting at Birmingham in 1868 he read a paper on university reform, and at Liverpool in 1876 he was president of the section of education. In 1862 he was elected a member of the Athenæum Club by the committee under the special rule admitting distinguished persons. For many years he was a member of the com-


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 mittee of the London Library, and regularly attended its meetings. But he was singularly inefficient on a board or committee, where his want of self-reliance was painfully apparent, and where his disinclination to express a positive opinion or to vote often caused great embarrassment, and sometimes inconvenience, to his colleagues, who would on many subjects have attached the utmost importance to any definite statement of his views. His occasional addresses, on such varied subjects as ‘Locke’ at the Royal Institution, ‘What is a College?’ before the Ascham Society, ‘Coal Scuttles’ at the School of Art at Oxford (November 1876), ‘The Art of Teaching’ at Bloomsbury, ‘Modern Books and Critics’ at Birmingham, drew large audiences. Several of them afterwards appeared as magazine articles. He occasionally took clerical duty for a few weeks in the summer in some country village, but it cannot be said that his ministrations were well adapted to country congregations.

Pattison's health, which had been for some time feeble, completely broke down in November 1883. But he rallied, and was able to visit London in the spring, and to be present—his last public appearance—at a meeting of the Hellenic Society. In June he was removed to Harrogate, where he died on 30 July 1884. He was buried, as he desired, in the neighbouring churchyard of Harlow Hill.

In 1861 Pattison married Emilia Frances, daughter of Captain Strong, H.E.I.C.S., a lady much younger than himself, who has achieved distinction as a writer on art. There was no issue of the marriage. Mrs. Pattison survived her husband, and, on 3 Oct. 1885 she married the Right Hon. Sir Charles W. Dilke, bart., M.P.

In the last few months of 1883 Pattison dictated his ‘Memoirs,’ which, however, only come down to 1860. They are largely based upon diaries which he deposited in the Bodleian Library. His later diaries are in the possession of his representatives. The ‘Memoirs’ were published by Mrs. Pattison in 1885. The book is one of deep and painful interest, the only one in existence that can be compared with Rousseau's ‘Confessions’ in the fidelity with which it lays bare the inmost secrets of the heart, but in which, unlike the ‘Confessions,’ the author does himself much less than justice. He gives a far less favourable impression of himself than any impartial outside observer would have done, and draws a portrait not so much of what he really was at the time of which he writes, as of what he seemed to himself through the morbid recollections of the past and the often not less morbid entries in his diary. For his true portrait we must look into his ‘Essays’ and his ‘Life of Casaubon.’ His own personality is evident in whatever he writes. He was essentially a man of learning, using the word in the sense in which he has defined it: ‘Learning is a peculiar compound of memory, imagination, scientific habit, accurate observation, all concentrated through a prolonged period on the analysis of the remains of literature. The result of this sustained mental endeavour is not a book, but a man. It cannot be embodied in print; it consists of the living word.’ He was consequently intolerant, not of ignorance, but of pretended learning, and showed his contempt sometimes too obviously. In his ‘Memoirs’ he is no less unfair to those whom he disliked than to himself, and all through his (later) writings there is a tendency to unduly depreciate both the learning and the actions of those who supported the cause of the catholic church. He sees the hand of the jesuits everywhere, and finds an evident difficulty in doing justice to the opponents of intellectual progress.

Though not in the technical sense of the word a bibliophile, Pattison collected not only the largest private library of his time at Oxford, but one that was extraordinarily complete for the history of learning and philosophy of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. It numbered about fourteen thousand volumes, and was sold by auction at Sotheby's sale-room in London in July and August 1885.

A volume of his college and university sermons was published in 1885. In 1889 a selection of his essays appeared at the Clarendon Press, in two volumes, under the editorship of Pattison's friend, Henry Nettleship [q. v.]

[Memoirs by Mark Pattison, 1885; Times, 31 July 1884; Athenæum, 2 Aug. 1884; Saturday Review, 2 Aug. 1884; Academy, 9 Aug. 1884; Macmillan, vol. 1.; Morley's Miscellanies (from Macmillan, vol. li.); Althaus's Recollections of Mark Pattison (from Temple Bar, January 1885); Tollemache's Recollections of Pattison (from Journal of Education, 1 June 1885); Pattison's manuscript Diaries and Correspondence; personal knowledge.]

PATTISON, WILLIAM (1706–1727), poet, was born in 1706 at Peasemarsh, near Rye, Sussex, where his father, William Pattison, held a small farm from the Earl of Thanet. By Lord Thanet he was, in 1721, placed at the free school at Appleby, under Dr. Thomas Nevinson of Queen's College, Oxford. He showed considerable promise, and Thomas Noble, a neighbouring clergyman and schoolmaster of Kirkby Stephen,


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 read several classical authors with him. With a view to paying off some debts which he had contracted with booksellers, he dedicated with satisfactory results an ‘Ode on Christmas Day’ to Sir Christopher Musgrave of Edenhall, Cumberland. Pattison was equally lucky in disposing of an ode to John Tufton, nephew of the Earl of Thanet. On 6 July 1724 he was admitted as a sizar at Sidney-Sussex College, Cambridge; but he did not find the life congenial, and in the summer of 1726 he cut his name out of the college books, in order, apparently, to avert its being erased, and commenced author in London. Although his prospects were not exhilarating, his first letters from London displayed a most sanguine temper (Letters prefixed to Poetical Works, 1728). He associated with Eusden, Harte, Concanen, and other wits of the town, and dated his letters from Button's. He collected his poems for publication, and Pope subscribed to the volume, though he excused himself from a personal introduction. But the appearance of the book was delayed, and Pattison, incapable of husbanding his small resources, was soon reduced to miserable poverty.

In a poem entitled ‘Effigies Authoris,’ addressed to Lord Burlington, the unfortunate poet described himself as passing the nights on a bench in St. James's Park. In his distress he put forth proposals for the immediate issue of his poems, and while he was transcribing them for the press Curll the bookseller gave him shelter in his house. According to Pope, Curll starved him to death (An Author to be Lett by Iscariot Hackney, i.e. Pope and Richard Savage, 1729, p. 3), but it is more correct to say that he saved him from starving. Pattison died of smallpox in Curll's house on 11 July 1727, and was buried in the churchyard of St. Clement Danes. He had not completed his twenty-first year.

In the year following the poet's premature death Curll issued ‘The Poetical Works of Mr. William Pattison, late of Sidney-Sussex College,’ London, 8vo; dedicated to the Earl of Peterborough, and with a distinguished list of subscribers. It contained a satirical piece called ‘College Life,’ an ambitious imitation of Pope, entitled ‘Abelard to Eloisa,’ a number of miscellaneous poems, frequently of an erotic tendency, and odes to various persons. Another volume appeared in the same year, entitled ‘Cupid's Metamorphosis, or Love in all Shapes, being the second and last volume of the Poetical Works of Mr. William Pattison,’ London, 8vo, with a portrait engraved by Foudrinière after J. Saunders. This comprises ‘Select Epistles from Ovid,’ ‘Laura, or the Mistress,’ and ‘Epigrams.’ A portrait was also engraved for Caulfield's ‘Memoirs’ (1819, ii. 142).

In his choice of subjects Pattison was influenced by Dr. Croxall, the author of the ‘Fair Circassian,’ but he also imitated Waller, Pope, and Gay, and his versification is generally good. His poems, however, are distinguished by little save precocity, the tone of which is not attractive. There is not much to sanction the comparison with Chatterton which has been made. Selections from Pattison's poems are printed in Pratt's ‘Cabinet of Poetry’ (1808, iii. 271), in Sanford's ‘British Poets’ (Philadelphia, 1819, xiii. 415), and in Park and Anderson's ‘British Poets;’ but they have not found favour with more recent anthologists.

[Life prefixed to Poetical Works, 1728; Chalmers's Biogr. Dict. xxiv. 204; Lower's Sussex Worthies; Elwin and Courthope's Pope, vi. 133 and n.; Disraeli's Miscellanies of Literature, 1840, p. 91; Noble's Continuation of Granger, iii. 303; An Author to be Lett, 1729; Admission Book, Sidney-Sussex College; Brit. Mus. Cat.]

PATTON, GEORGE, (1803–1869), Scottish judge, third son of James Patton of the Cairnies, sheriff-clerk of Perthshire, was born at the Cairnies in 1803. He received the rudiments of his education at Perth, and proceeded thence to Oxford, where he does not seem to have matriculated. Returning to Scotland, he began his legal studies at Edinburgh University, and was admitted advocate in 1828. He made some figure at the bar as a pleader. But he was an ardent tory in politics, and it was not until Lord Derby's second government came into power in 1859 that Patton, after very many delays and disappointments, received official recognition. He then became solicitor-general for Scotland for a few weeks. In the spring of 1866 he entered the House of Commons as conservative member for Bridgewater, and a few weeks later, when Lord Derby's third administration was formed, he was made lord advocate. The appointment necessitated a new election at Bridgewater, and Patton was defeated by Mr. Vanderbyl. Reports were abroad that gross bribery had been practised at both these elections, and a commission was appointed to inquire into these charges. The dread of compromising disclosures preyed on Patton's mind, but he was relieved of the necessity of taking any part in the inquiry by becoming, in 1867, lord justice clerk. John Inglis (1810–1891) [q. v.] had resigned the post to take that of lord president. The choice of his successor lay with the lord advocate, and Patton conferred


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 the office on himself. He assumed the title of Lord Glenalmond.

In August 1869 he succeeded to the estate and mansion at Glenalmond on the death of his elder brother, Thomas Patton, W.S. By some journalistic blunder the death of Thomas had been announced as the ‘demise of the lord justice clerk,’ and the error prejudicially affected Lord Glenalmond's mind. On Thursday, 16 Sept. 1869, he presided at the Ayr circuit, and on the following day he returned with Mrs. Patton to Edinburgh, proceeding thence to Glenalmond. On the morning of Monday, 20 Sept., he committed suicide. The body was interred in the family burying-ground of Monzie. He left a widow, but no family. Though possessed of considerable legal talents, he had no favourable opportunity for displaying administrative ability. In the management of his own small estate of the Cairnies he made many valuable experiments in arboriculture, and had projected elaborate trials of various conifers at Glenalmond.

[Marshall's Historic Scenes in Perthshire, p. 299; Hunter's Woods, Forests, and Estates of Perthshire, pp. 356 et seq.; North British Daily Mail, 23 Sept. 1869; Dundee Advertiser, 25 Sept. 1869.]

PATTON, PHILIP (1739–1815), admiral, eldest son of Philip Patton, collector of the customs at Kirkcaldy in Fife, by Agnes Loch, his wife, was born at Anstruther on 27 Oct. 1739 (parish register of Kirkcaldy). After a couple of years in merchant ships, during which he made a voyage to the Mediterranean and another to the Baltic, he was entered early in 1755 on board the Torbay, under the immediate patronage of vice-admiral Edward Boscawen [q. v.] He followed Boscawen to the Invincible, Royal George, and Namur; he was present at the reduction of Louisbourg in 1758 and the defeat of De la Clue in 1759. Continuing in the Namur with Captain Matthew Buckle [q. v.], he was also present in the battle of Quiberon Bay. He passed his examination on 10 Sept. 1760, and, still in the Namur carrying the flag of Sir George Pocock [q. v.], went out to the West Indies in 1762; he took part in the reduction of Havana and was promoted to be lieutenant of the Grenada bomb, in which he returned to England in the summer of 1763. From 1764 to 1767 he was in the Emerald frigate in the North Sea, and again from 1769 to 1772, during which time he is said, in a voyage to the Mediterranean, by his prompt decision on a dark stormy night, to have saved the ship from charging the rock of Gibraltar. In 1776 he was appointed to the Prince George with Captain Charles Middleton, afterwards Lord Barham [q. v.], whom he followed to the Royal Oak, on board which Rear-admiral Hyde Parker (1714–1782) [q. v.] hoisted his flag. Patton, who was first lieutenant, was to be superseded by a follower of Parker; but the king happening to come to Portsmouth, and to review the fleet before the change was made, Patton was promoted to the command of the Ætna bomb. In her he was ordered to the coast of Guinea, but, being detained at Spithead, was appointed acting-captain of the Prince George, whose captain, Sir John Lindsay [q. v.], was required on shore as a witness on the Keppel court-martial. The Prince George was then sent to sea in a squadron under the command of Lord Shuldham, much to the discontent of the ship's company, which broke out into open mutiny on 19 Jan. 1779, in consequence of the hammocks being ordered up from the middle and lower decks for the sake of ventilation. The difficulty was overcome by Patton's firmness, and, after one of the ringleaders had been severely punished, the men returned to their duty and obedience.

Two months later, when the Prince George was back at Spithead, Patton was posted (22 March 1779) to the Namur, the flagship of Rear-admiral Robert Digby, with whom he moved into the Prince George, and had an important share in the defeat of Langara on 16 Jan. 1780. On their return to England Patton was appointed to the Milford frigate, and afterwards to the Belle Poule, which, on her way to Leith in company with the Berwick, captured a very troublesome privateer, the Calonne, commanded by the notorious Luke Ryan. Patton then joined the squadron under Parker, and was with it in the action on the Doggerbank on 5 Aug. 1781. He was employed after this in convoy duty till the peace, when the Belle Poule was paid off.

In May 1794 he was appointed one of the commissioners of the transport board, where, it is said, he was found so useful that the Earl of Chatham, then first lord of the admiralty, endeavoured to persuade him to continue in the office instead of taking his flag, and threatened that if he insisted on having his flag he should not be employed. Patton, however, did insist, and was included in the promotion of 1 June 1795. During the enforced retirement which followed he took up his residence at Fareham, and shortly afterwards sent to the admiralty a paper on the grievances of seamen, on the necessary reforms, and on the great danger of delay. On 1 Jan. 1801 he was made a vice-admiral, and in 1803 was appointed second in command


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CH. VII.] up one of the mats to get at my writing desk, I discovered the three muleteers, who were lying stretched upon the ground, having had the precaution thus to shade themselves from the sun, which was now really beaming in all its suffocating splendour. Two out of this triumvirate were also asleep: it was a practical commentary on a well appointed commission.

But where was my servant, the shaver and bleeder from the hospital at Acapulco? I called him two or three times by his right name, Henrico, though in my imagination I always pictured him as Quixote; but he did not appear: I called again, but not very loud; for my voice reechoed so through the dead silence that prevailed that it almost startled me to hear it. There was a slight movement in the hut amongst the mules, and the Chinese came forth with nothing on him but a pair of short cotton trowsers and a night-cap. He stared like a man that had been awakened with the alarm of fire; but take him, all in all, I


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 in the Downs under Lord Keith. At this time he made the acquaintance of Mr. Pitt, then residing at Walmer, which possibly led, on Pitt's return to office, to his appointment as one of the lords of the admiralty, which he continued to hold under his old captain, Charles Middleton (now Lord Barham). On the change of ministry in 1806, Patton—who had been promoted to the rank of admiral on 9 Nov. 1805—retired to his house at Fareham, where he principally resided during the remainder of his life. He employed himself in reading and writing, though he published nothing except ‘The Natural Defence of an Insular Empire’ (1810, 4to). This essay was severely and unjustly scourged, presumably by Sir John Barrow, in the ‘Quarterly Review’ (November 1810), principally because it had protested against the government of the navy by civilian first lords, a point warmly defended by Barrow in his ‘Life of Lord Howe’ in almost the words of the ‘Quarterly Review.’ Patton died at Fareham, Hampshire, on 31 Dec. 1815. He had married in 1783, and left a large family, mostly daughters. His portrait, in the possession of the family, was lent to the Naval exhibition of 1891.

Patton's younger brother, (1741–1837), after service in merchant ships, entered the navy as midshipman on board the Ripon in May 1758. He was present at the capture of Guadeloupe in 1759 and the blockade of Brest in 1761, subsequently commanded the Rattlesnake, was advanced to post rank on 30 May 1795, and served as agent for transports at Portsmouth for many years. He died at Fareham on 16 Jan. 1837, aged 96. He wrote ‘An Attempt to establish the Basis of Freedom on simple and unerring Principles in a series of Letters’ (Edinburgh, 1793, 8vo), a series of deductions from a brief historical inquiry suggested by Burke's famous essay; and, secondly, ‘The Effects of Property upon Society and Government Investigated’ (1797, 8vo), a plea for the basis of representation upon property. This was prefixed to an elaborate work by another brother,

(1742–1812), who entered the army of the East India Company, became governor of St. Helena, and died at Wallington, Hampshire, in 1812. His daughter married Sir Henry Torrens. He published ‘An Historical Review of the Monarchy and Republic of Rome upon the Principles derived from the Effects of Property and Government’ (with Charles Patton's preface), and ‘Principles of Asiatic Monarchies politically and historically investigated,’ 1803 (Monthly Rev. 1803, p. 285; Gent. Mag. 1837, i. 321; Brit. Mus. Cat.)

[Ralfe's Nav. Biogr. iii. 387; Passing Certificate and Official Letters in the Public Record Office.]

PATTRICK or PATRICK, GEORGE (1746–1800), divine, fourth son of Thomas Patrick of Marks Tey in Essex, was born in August 1746. His grandfather and father were farmers at Marks Tey, and had occupied the same land for more than a century. He was admitted to St. Paul's School on 4 Feb. 1756, and about 1762 entered an attorney's office in Colchester. In February 1769, after spending two years in London, he commenced to practise at Dedham in Essex, where a taste for fashionable company and expensive entertainments soon dissipated a moderate fortune. Falling under religious influences, he abandoned the law and was ordained to the curacy of St. Michael, Mile End, Colchester, on 23 Dec. 1770, and was admitted a fellow-commoner of Sidney-Sussex College on 29 Dec. On 22 Sept. 1771 he was ordained priest, and on 21 Aug. 1772 was presented to the living of Aveley in Essex through the interest of Thomas Barrett-Lennard, seventeenth baron Dacre. In March 1773 he took the curacy of Wennington, also in Essex, which he held with his living. In December 1775 he was made chaplain to Lord Dacre, and in 1777 he graduated LL.B. at Cambridge. At Aveley Patrick performed his clerical duties irregularly. He was frequently employed by Lord Dacre, to the neglect of his parochial work, in the examination of old deeds or in the manufacture of genealogy. In the winter of 1782 he sought the spiritual advice of Dr. Richard Conyers, and removed to Deptford, to be near his director. From June 1783 to June 1784 he was travelling in France and Italy for his health. On 10 Oct. 1787 he finally left Aveley, and was chosen chaplain of Morden College, Blackheath, by the influence of Charles Trevor Roper, eighteenth baron Dacre, who had succeeded his uncle in the peerage in 1786, and retained Patrick's services as chaplain. Disputes with the pensioners led to his dismissal on 22 June 1790. On 17 April 1791 he became curate of Carshalton in Surrey. On 12 Jan. 1792 he was elected to the lectureship of Woolwich, but the incumbent refused him the pulpit, and he never preached there. In the summer of 1793 he removed to London. On 19 March 1796 he was elected lecturer of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, but, owing to the objection of the incumbent, only preached for the first time on 4 Dec. 1796; the sermon was published. Towards the close of 1797 he was chosen Sunday-evening lecturer at St. Bride's, Fleet


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92 had never seen such a thing before, except upon a china tea-pot. I found he had been sleeping in the manger; and, as all the tables in the country are, as I said before, used also for the same purpose, it occurred to me that bed and board might, hereafter, illustrate, as an example, what the logicians style, a distinction without a difference.

I roused up the muleteers; and, Don Simon being now busily engaged in the preparations for our departure, we soon left this drowsy portion of creation behind us, and reached Aguachapa about six in the evening. The road to it is extremely hilly: for the first four miles, it winds round a small mountain, covered with beautiful timber-trees, and on the left, towards the sea, is a large fertile country, well cultivated. The labourers, in gangs from fifty to a hundred each, were returning home to the village, which had manifested so depopulated an appearance during the day: they appeared to be healthy and well fed, happy and contented.


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CH. VII.] Aguachapa is the most considerable town between Sonsonate and the capital: it contains from five to six thousand inhabitants, who follow the same habits and occupations as the two other towns alluded to. On entering it, the road was nearly blocked up by earthenware, which they had just been taking out of the kiln, and which consisted of utensils of all shapes and sizes for domestic use,—the same constituting one of the staple articles of the manufacture of the place. We alighted at one of the best houses in the town, belonging to a respectable man of the name of Padillo. He was much older than his wife, who, although she had, now living with her, a family of five daughters and three sons, the eldest of whom was seventeen years of age, bore the vestiges of a clever, pretty little woman. She had, doubtlessly, been very handsome, for her little daughters, whose ages were from seven to fourteen, were strikingly so, and all of them very much resembling herself. Her


text: Index:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 3.djvu


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Adams, James Hopkins


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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/1

 / UNITED STATES STATUTES AT LARGE CONTAINING THE,

LAWS AND CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS ENACTED DURING THE FIRST SESSION OF THE ONE-HUNDREDTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

' '

1987

AND

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PRESIDENT AND PROCLAMATIONS

VOLUME 101 IN THREE PARTS

PART 1

.; J--

P U B L I C LAWS 100-1 T H R O U G H

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1989

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100-179

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"The United States Statutes at Large shall be legal evidence of laws, concurrent resolutions,... proclamations by the President and proposed or ratified amendments to the Constitution of the United States therein contained, in all the courts of the United States, the several States, and the Territories and insular possessions of the United States." (1 USC 112).

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (3-part set; sold in sets only)

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/3

 CONTENTS PARTI Page LIST OF BILLS ENACTED INTO PUBLIC L A W LIST OF PUBLIC LAWS LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PRESIDENT LIST OF BILLS ENACTED INTO PRIVATE L A W LIST OF PRIVATE LAWS LIST OF CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS LIST OF PROCLAMATIONS PUBLIC LAWS (100-1 THROUGH 100-179) SUBJECT INDEX INDIVIDUAL INDEX

v vii

xvii xix xxi

xxiii xxv

3 Al Bl

PART 2 Page LIST OF BILLS ENACTED INTO PUBLIC L A W LIST OF PUBLIC LAWS LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PRESIDENT LIST OF BILLS ENACTED INTO PRIVATE L A W LIST OF PRIVATE LAWS

v vii

xvii xix xxi

LIST OF CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS LIST OF PROCLAMATIONS

xxiii

PUBLIC LAWS (100-180 THROUGH 100-203)

1019

SUBJECT INDEX INDIVIDUAL INDEX

xxv Al Bl

PART 3 Page LIST OF BILLS ENACTED INTO PUBLIC L A W LIST OF PUBLIC LAWS LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PRESIDENT LIST OF BILLS ENACTED INTO PRIVATE L A W LIST OF PRIVATE LAWS

v vii

xvii xix xxi

LIST OF CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS LIST OF PROCLAMATIONS

xxiii

PUBLIC LAWS (100-204 THROUGH 100-242)

1331

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PRESIDENT PRIVATE LAWS CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS PROCLAMATIONS SUBJECT INDEX INDIVIDUAL INDEX

1967 1973 1979 2019 Al Bl

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/5

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LIST OF BILLS ENACTED INTO PUBLIC LAW THE ONE-HUNDREDTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES FIRST SESSION, 1987

BILL

PUBLIC LAW

BILL

PUBLIC LAW

BILL

PUBLIC LAW

H.R. 1 H.R. 2 H.R. 14 H.R. 27 H.R. 145 H.R. 148 H.R. 191 H.R. 240 H.R. 242 H.R. 278 H.R. 307 H.R. 317 H.R. 318 H.R. 348 H.R. 390 H.R. 403 H.R. 436 H.R. 519 H.R. 558 H.R. 614 H.R. 626 H.R. 797 H.R. 799 H.R. 812 H.R. 921 H.R. 1056 H.R. 1085 H.R. 1123 H.R. 1157 H.R. 1162 H.R. 1163 H.R. 1205 H.R. 1340 H.R. 1366 H.R. 1403 H.R. 1444 H.R. 1451 H.R. 1454 H.R. 1505 H.R. 1567 H.R. 1744

100-4 100-17 100-33 100-86 100-235 100-184 100-63 100-35 100-130 100-241 100-156 100-149 100-89 100-90 100-210 100-225 100-74 100-216 100-77 100-160 100-65 100-132 100-150 100-107 100-91 100-14 100-48 100-28 100-45 100-236 100-121 100-133 100-237 100-157 100-92 100-93 100-175 100-230 100-20 100-139 100-127

H.R. 1748 H.R. 1777 H.R. 1783 H.R. 1827 H.R. 1846 H.R. 1941 H.R. 1947 H.R. 1963 H.R. 1994 H.R. 2035 H.R. 2100 H.R. 2112 H.R. 2121 H.R. 2166 H.R. 2243 H.R. 2249 H.R. 2309 H.R. 2310 H.R. 2325 H.R. 2360 H.R. 2401 H.R. 2416 H.R. 2480 H.R. 2583 H.R. 2598 H.R. 2639 H.R. 2672 H.R. 2689 H.R. 2741 H.R. 2782 H.R. 2855 H.R. 2893 H.R. 2937 H.R. 2939 H.R. 2945 H.R. 2971 H.R. 2974 H.R. 3022 H.R. 3030 H.R. 3085 H.R. 3190

100-180 100-204 100-26 100-71 100-50 100-42 100-53 100-34 100-205 100-134 100-60 100-178 100-211 100-72 100-59 100-135 100-94 100-223 100-201 100-40 100-231 100-206 100-66 100-226 100-239 100-212 100-198 100-213 100-141 100-147 100-95 100-151 100-153 100-191 100-227 100-108 100-224 100-80 100-233 100-109 100-84

H.R. 3226 H.R. 3289 H.R. 3325 H.R. 3395 H.R. 3427 H.R. 3428 H.R. 3435 H.R. 3457 H.R. 3479 H.R. 3483 H.R. 3492 H.R. 3545 H.R. 3674 H.R. 3700 H.R. 3712 H.R. 3734

100-138 100-217 100-152 100-238 100-218 100-167 100-232 100-173 100-234 100-185 100-219 100-203 100-220 100-207 100-208 100-221

H.J. Res. 3 100-7 H.J. Res. 17 100-57 H.J. Res. 53 100-8 H.J. Res. 67 100-39 H.J. Res. 88 100-1 H.J. Res. 93 100-2 H.J. Res. 97 100-164 H.J. Res. 102 100-6 H.J. Res. 106 100-56 H.J. Res. 119 100-27 H.J. Res. 122 100-76 H.J. Res. 130 100-165 H.J. Res. 131 100-5 H.J. Res. 134 100-114 H.J. Res. 153 100-11 H.J. Res. 178 100-58 H.J. Res. 181 100-67 H.J. Res. 199 100-195 H.J. Res. 200 100-25 H.J. Res. 216 100-96 H.J. Res. 224 100-116 H.J. Res. 234 100-142 H.J. Res. 255 100-214 H.J. Res. 270 100-46

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 LIST OF BILLS ENACTED INTO PUBLIC LAW BILL

BILL

PUBLIC LAW

BILL

PUBLIC LAW

H.J. Res. 280 H.J. Res. 283 H.J. Res. 284 H.J. Res. 290 H.J. Res. 309 H.J. Res. 313 H.J. Res. 324 H.J. Res. 335 H.J. Res. 338 H.J. Res. 355 H.J. Res. 362 H.J. Res. 368 H.J. Res. 376 H.J. Res. 394 H.J. Res. 395 H.J. Res. 404 H.J. Res. 412 H.J. Res. 425 H.J. Res. 426 H.J. Res. 427 H.J. Res. 430 H.J. Res. 431 H.J. Res. 436

100-51 100-54 100-61 100-44 100-158 100-88 100-119 100-110 100-131 100-125 100-120 100-161 100-209 100-162 100-202 100-179 100-194 100-193 100-199 100-200 100-222 100-197 100-229

8. 1177 8. 1297 8.1371 8.1389 8.1417 8. 1452 8.1532 S. 1550 8.1574 8. 1577 8. 1591 8.1596 8. 1597 8.1628 8. 1642 8.1666 8. 1684 8. 1691 8.1822

100-43 100-187 100-98 100-240 100-146 100-181 100-123 100-113 100-137 100-99 100-111 100-117 100-100 100-148 100-215 100-140 100-228 100-136 100-182

S. 83 S. 247 S. 442 S. 578 S. 626 S. 632 S. 649 S. 769 8.825 8.860 8.903 8.942 8.958 8.1020 8. 1158 8.1167

100-12 100-174 100-159 100-192 100-55 100-18 100-196 100-97 100-242 100-186 100-41 100-47 100-85 100-83 100-177 100-38

8.J. Res. 5 8.J. Res. 15 S.J. Res. 18 8.J. Res. 19 8.J. Res. 20 8.J. Res. 22 8.J. Res. 24 8.J. Res. 35 8.J. Res. 44 8.J. Res. 46 8.J. Res. 47 8.J. Res. 49 8.J. Res. 51 8.J. Res. 53 S.J. Res. 55 S.J. Res. 57 8.J. Res. 58 8.J. Res. 63 8.J. Res. 64 8.J. Res. 65

100-52 100-68 100-22 100-15 100-9 100-115 100-3 100-190 100-101 100-10 100-21 100-102 100-69 100-171 100-36 100-31 100-29 100-16 100-23 100-13

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PUBLIC LAW

100-166 100-32 100-49 100-128 100-24 100-70 100-81 100-124 100-75 100-62 100-103 100-78 100-30 100-19 100-172 100-176 100-183 100-104 100-105 100-129 100-64 100-87 100-37 100-118 100-188 100-73 100-126 100-189 100-82 100-163 100-106 100-79 100-143 100-144 100-155 100-168 100-112 100-122 100-145 100-169 100-154 100-170

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 101 Part 1.djvu/7

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LIST OF PUBLIC LAWS CONTAINED IN THIS VOLUME

PUBLIC LAW

100-1 100-2 100-3 100-4 100-5 100-6

100-7

100-8 100-9 100-10 100-11, „,, 100-12 100-13 100-14

100-15 100-16 100-17 100-18 ,, 'ji*'

DATE

Extending the time within which the President may transmit the Economic Report to the Congress. To provide for a temporary prohibition of strikes or lockouts with respect to the Long Island Rail Road labormanagement dispute. To designate January 28, 1987, as "National Challenger Center Day" to honor the crew of the space shuttle Challenger. Water Quality Act of 1987 Congratulating Dennis Conner and the crew of Stars and Stripes for their achievement in winning the America's Cup. Making emergency additional funds available by transfer for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1987, for the Emergency Food and Shelter Program of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. To recognize the 100th anniversary of the enactment of the Hatch Act of March 2, 1887, and its role in establishing our Nation's system of State agricultural experiment stations. To designate the week beginning March 1, 1987, as "Federal Employees Recognition Week". To designate the month of March, 1987, as "Women's History Month". Declaring 1987 as "Arizona Diamond Jubilee Year" To provide for timely issuance of grants and loans by the Environmental Protection Agency under the Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act of 1985 to ensure that eligible local educational agencies can complete asbestos abatement work in school buildings during the 1987 summer school recess. National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 To designate the week of April 5, 1987, through April 11, 1987, as "National Know Your Cholesterol Week". To amend the National Housing Act to limit the fees that may be charged by the Government National Mortgage Association for the guaranty of mortgagebacked securities. To designate March 20, 1987 as "National Energy Education Day". To designate March 21, 1987, as Afghanistan Day Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987. To amend the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1979, as reenacted, to extend the duration of the Office of Classified National Security Information within the Office of the Secretary of the Senate, and for other purposes.

PAGE

Jan. 28, 1987

3

Jan. 28, 1987

4

Jan. 28, 1987

6

Feb. 4, 1987 Feb. 11, 1987

7 91

Feb. 12, 1987

92

Mar. 5, 1987

96

Mar. 6, 1987

98

Mar. 12, 1987

99

Mar. 12, 1987 Mar. 17, 1987

100 102

Mar. 17, 1987 Mar. 20, 1987

103 127

Mar. 24, 1987

128

Mar. 25, 1987

129

Mar. 27, 1987 Apr. 2, 1987

130 132

Apr. 3, 1987

262

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 viii

LIST OF PUBLIC LAWS

PUBLIC.LAW

DATE

100-19

Apr. 3, 1987

263

Apr. 7, 1987

265

Apr. 8, 1987 Apr. 10, 1987

266 267

Apr. 10, 1987 Apr. 10, 1987

268 269

Apr. 17, 1987 Apr. 21, 1987 Apr. 21, 1987

271 273 290

Apr. 24, 1987

291

Apr. 29, 1987

293

Apr. 29, 1987 wjs f May 5, 1987

295

May 5, 1987

297

May 7, 1987

299

May 7, 1987

300

100-20 100-21 100-22

100-23 100-24 100-25 100-26 100-27 100-28 100-29 100-30

100-31

100-32 100-33

100-34

100-35 100-36

100-37 100-38 100-39

100-40 100-41 100-42 100-43 100-44 100-45 100-46

Designating April 3, 1987, as "Interstate Commerce Commission Day'. Making technical corrections relating to the Federal Employees' Retirement System. To designate "National Former POW Recognition Day"... To authorize and request the President to issue a proclamation designating June 1 through June 7, 1987 as "National Fishing Week". To designate May 1987, as "Older Americans Month" To designate the month of May, 1987 as "National Cancer Institute Month". To designate April 10, 1987, as "Education Day U.S.A.".... Defense Technical Corrections Act of 1987 Designating the week of April 19, 1987, through April 25, 1987, as National Minority Cancer Awareness Week". To amend the Food Security Act of 1985 to extend the date for submitting the report required by the National Commission on Dairy Policy. To designate the month of April 1987, as "National Child Abuse Prevention Month". , To authorize and request the President to issue a proclamation designating April 26, through May 2, 1987, as "National Organ and Tissue Donor Awareness Week". To designate the period commencing on May 3, 1987, and ending on May 10, 1987, as "National Older Americans Abuse Prevention Week". To designate the month of May 1987 as "National Digestive Diseases Awareness Month". To designate certain river segments in New Jersey as study rivers for potential inclusion in the national wild and scenic river system. To amend the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 to permit States to set aside in a special trust fund up to 10 per centum of the annual State funds from the Abandoned Mine Land Reclamation Fund for expenditure in the future for purposes of abandoned mine reclamation, and for other purposes. To amend the National Trails System Act to designate the Santa Fe Trail as a National Historic Trail. Designating the week of May 10, 1987, through May 16, 1987, as "National Osteoporosis Prevention Week of 1987". Designating May 10, 1987, through May 16, 1987, as "Just Say No to Drugs Week". Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge Designation Act of 1987. To authorize and request the President to issue a proclamation designating May 3 through May 10, 1987, as "Jewish Heritage Week. To provide for a temporary increase in the public debt limit. To extend certain protections under title 11 of the United States Code, the Bankruptcy Code. To repeal and amend certain sections of the Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978. Thrift Savings Fund Investment Act of 1987 Designating May 25, 1987, as "National Day of Mourning for the Victims of the U.S.S. Stark". Farm Disaster Assistance Act of 1987 To recognize the one hundred and twenty-fifth anniversary of the United States Department of Agriculture.

PAGE

296

,.,., May 8, 1987

302

May 12, 1987

303

May 12, 1987

305

May 13, 1987

306'

May 14, 1987

307

May 15, 1987

308

May 15, 1987

309

May 21, 1987

310

May 22, 1987 May 23, 1987

315 317

May 27, 1987 May 29, 1987

318 328

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 LIST OF PUBLIC LAWS PUBLIC LAW

100-47

100-48 100-49 100-50 100-51 100-52 100-53 100-54 100-55

100-56 100-57 100-58 100-59 100-60 100-61 100-62 100-63 100-64 100-65 100-66 100-67 100-68 100-69 100-70 100-71 100-72 100-73

m DATE

To amend title 5, United States Ckxie, to extend the pay retention provisions of such title to certain prevailing rate employees in the Tucson wage area whose basic pay would otherwise be subject to reduction pursuant to a wage survey. New GI Bill Continuation Act Commemorating the fortieth anniversary of the Marshall plan. Higher Education Technical Amendments Act of 1987 To observe the 300th Commencement exercise at the Ohio State University on June 12, 1987. Designating June 14, 1987, as "Baltic Freedom Day" Magistrates' Retirement Parity Act of 1987 Recognizing the service and contributions of the Honorable Wilbur J. Cohen. To prohibit the imposition of an entrance fee at the Statue of Liberty National Monument, and for other purposes. To designate June 19, 1987, as "American Gospel Arts Day". To designate the third week in June 1987 as "National Dairy Goat Awareness Week". Designating June 25, 1987, as "National Catfish Day" To designate the Federal Building located at 10 Causeway Street, Boston, Massachusetts, as the "Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Federal Building". To designate the border station at 9931 Guide Meridian Road, Lynden, Washington, as the "Kenneth G. Ward Border Station". Designating the week beginning June 21, 1987, as "National Outward Bound Week". To designate October 28, 1987, as "National Immigrants Day". To authorize the establishment of a Peace Garden on a site to be selected by the Secretary of the Interior. Designating July 2, 1987, as "National Literacy Day" To provide for the conveyance of certain public lands in Cherokee, De Kalb, and Etowah Counties, Alabama, and for other purposes. To extend temporarily the governing international fishery agreement between the United States and the Republic of Korea, and for other purposes. Commemorating the bicentennied of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. Designating the month of November 1987 as "National Alzheimer's Disease Month". To designate the period commencing on July 27, 1987, and ending on August 2, 1987, as "National Czech American Heritage Week". To designate the week of August 2, 1987, through August 8, 1987, as "National Podiatric Medicine Week". Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1987 To amend the Small Business Act and the Small Business Investment Act of 1958. To designate the period commencing on July 13, 1987, and ending on July 26, 1987, as "U.S. Oljonpic Festival-'87 Celebration, and to designate July 17, 1987, as "U.S. Olympic Festival-'87 Day".

PAGE

May 29, 1987

330

June 1, 1987 June 1, 1987

331 333

June 3, 1987 June 16, 1987

335 364

June 16, 1987 June 18, 1987 June 18, 1987

365 367 369

June 19, 1987

371

June 23, 1987

372

June 25, 1987

373

June 25, 1987 June 29, 1987

374 375

June 29, 1987

376

June 29, 1987

377

June 29, 1987

378

June 30, 1987

379

July 6, 1987 July 10, 1987

381 383

July 10, 1987

384

July 10, 1987

386

July 10, 1987

388

July 10, 1987

389

July 10, 1987

390

July 11, 1987 July 11, 1987

391 477

July 15, 1987

478

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 x

LIST OF PUBLIC LAWS

PUBLIC LAW

100-74

100-75

100-76 100-77 100-78 100-79 100-80 100-81 100-82 100-83 100-84 100-85 100-86 100-87 100-88 100-89 100-90 ^„ _* ' '«-K 100-91

100-92 '• 100-93 100-94 100-95 100-96 100-97 100-98 100-99

'»

To designate the Federal Building and United States Courthouse at 316 North Robert Street, St. Paul, Minnesota, as the "Warren E. Burger Federal Building and United States Courthouse". To designate the period commencing on August 2, 1987, and ending on August 8, 1987, as "International Special Olympics Week", and to designate August 3, 1987, as "International Special Olympics Day". To designate the week beginning July 16, 1987, as "Snow White Week". Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act To designate the period commencing November 15, 1987, and ending November 21, 1987, as "Geography Awareness Week'. To designate July 25, 1987 as "Clean Water Day" To provide for a temporary extension of the public debt limit. To designate the week of October 4, 1987, through October 10, 1987, as "Mental Illness Awareness Week". To designate August 1, 1987, as "Helsinki Human Rights Day". To confer the honorary status of Librarian of Congress Emeritus on Daniel J. Boorstin. To provide for a temporary increase in the public debt limit. To dedicate the North Cascades National Park to Senator Henry M. Jackson. Competitive Equality Banking Act of 1987 Designating August 11, 1987, as "National Neighborhood Crime Watch Day". Designating the month of August 1987 as "National Child Support Enforcement Month". Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and Alabama and Coushatta Indian Tribes of Texas Restoration Act. To amend title 39, United States Code, to extend to certain officers and employees of the United States Postal •••••'• Service the same procedural and appeal rights with respect to certain adverse personnel actions as are afforded under title 5, United States Code, to Federal employees in the competitive service. To require the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a study to determine the appropriate minimum altitude for aircraft flying over national park system units. To designate the United States Post Office Building located in St. Charles, Illinois, as the "John E. Grotberg Post Office Building". Medicare and Medicaid Patient and Program Protection Act of 1987. To amend the Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee Act. Wampanoag Tribal Council of Gay Head, Inc., Indian Claims Settlement Act of 1987. To support a ceeisefire in the Iran-Iraq war and a negotiated solution to the conflict. Excellence in Minority Health Education and Care Act.... To designate the Federal building located at 330 Independence Avenue, SW, W a s h i n ^ n, District of Columbia, as the "Wilbur J. Cohen Federal Building". To extend certain protections under title 11 of the United States Code, the Bankruptcy Code.

DATE

PAGE

July 17, 1987

479

July 20, 1987

480 r.yv

July 21, 1987

481

July 22, 1987 July 24, 1987

482 539

July 28, 1987 July 30, 1987

541 542

July 31, 1987

543

Aug. 4, 1987

545

Aug. 4, 1987

549

Aug. 10, 1987

550

Aug. 10, 1987

551

Aug. 10, 1987 Aug. 11, 1987

552 664

Aug. 13, 1987

665

Aug. 18, 1987

666

Aug. 18, 1987

673

'^"

Aug. 18, 1987

674

Aug. 18, 1987

679

Aug. 18, 1987

680

Aug. 18, 1987

700

Aug. 18, 1987

704

Aug. 18, 1987

711

Aug. 18, 1987 Aug. 18, 1987

713 715

Aug. 18, 1987

716

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