text:
Summa Theologiae/Second Part of the Second Part/Question 130

Question. 130 - OF PRESUMPTION (TWO ARTICLES)
We must now consider the vices opposed to magnanimity; and in the first place, those that are opposed thereto by excess. These are three, namely, presumption, ambition, and vainglory. Secondly, we shall consider pusillanimity which is opposed to it by way of deficiency. Under the first head there are two points of inquiry:

(1) Whether presumption is a sin?

(2) Whether it is opposed to magnanimity by excess?

Art. 1 - Whether presumption is a sin?
Objection 1: It seems that presumption is not a sin. For the Apostle says: "Forgetting the things that are behind, I stretch forth [Vulg.: 'and stretching forth'] myself to those that are before." But it seems to savor of presumption that one should tend to what is above oneself. Therefore presumption is not a sin.

Objection 2: Further, the Philosopher says (Ethic. i, 7) "we should not listen to those who would persuade us to relish human things because we are men, or mortal things because we are mortal, but we should relish those that make us immortal": and (Metaph. i) "that man should pursue divine things as far as possible." Now divine and immortal things are seemingly far above man. Since then presumption consists essentially in tending to what is above oneself, it seems that presumption is something praiseworthy, rather than a sin.

Objection 3: Further, the Apostle says (2 Cor. 3:5): "Not that we are sufficient to think anything of ourselves, as of ourselves." If then presumption, by which one strives at that for which one is not sufficient, be a sin, it seems that man cannot lawfully even think of anything good: which is absurd. Therefore presumption is not a sin.

On the contrary, It is written (Ecclus. 37:3): "O wicked presumption, whence camest thou?" and a gloss answers: "From a creature's evil will." Now all that comes of the root of an evil will is a sin. Therefore presumption is a sin.

I answer that, Since whatever is according to nature, is ordered by the Divine Reason, which human reason ought to imitate, whatever is done in accordance with human reason in opposition to the order established in general throughout natural things is vicious and sinful. Now it is established throughout all natural things, that every action is commensurate with the power of the agent, nor does any natural agent strive to do what exceeds its ability. Hence it is vicious and sinful, as being contrary to the natural order, that any one should assume to do what is above his power: and this is what is meant by presumption, as its very name shows. Wherefore it is evident that presumption is a sin.

Reply to Objection 1: Nothing hinders that which is above the active power of a natural thing, and yet not above the passive power of that same thing: thus the air is possessed of a passive power by reason of which it can be so changed as to obtain the action and movement of fire, which surpass the active power of air. Thus too it would be sinful and presumptuous for a man while in a state of imperfect virtue to attempt the immediate accomplishment of what belongs to perfect virtue. But it is not presumptuous or sinful for a man to endeavor to advance towards perfect virtue. In this way the Apostle stretched himself forth to the things that were before him, namely continually advancing forward.

Reply to Objection 2: Divine and immortal things surpass man according to the order of nature. Yet man is possessed of a natural power, namely the intellect, whereby he can be united to immortal and Divine things. In this respect the Philosopher says that "man ought to pursue immortal and divine things," not that he should do what it becomes God to do, but that he should be united to Him in intellect and will.

Reply to Objection 3: As the Philosopher says (Ethic. iii, 3), "what we can do by the help of others we can do by ourselves in a sense." Hence since we can think and do good by the help of God, this is not altogether above our ability. Hence it is not presumptuous for a man to attempt the accomplishment of a virtuous deed: but it would be presumptuous if one were to make the attempt without confidence in God's assistance.

Art. 2 - Whether presumption is opposed to magnanimity by excess?
Objection 1: It seems that presumption is not opposed to magnanimity by excess. For presumption is accounted a species of the sin against the Holy Ghost, as stated above (Q[14], A[2]; Q[21], A[1]). But the sin against the Holy Ghost is not opposed to magnanimity, but to charity. Neither therefore is presumption opposed to magnanimity.

Objection 2: Further, it belongs to magnanimity that one should deem oneself worthy of great things. But a man is said to be presumptuous even if he deem himself worthy of small things, if they surpass his ability. Therefore presumption is not directly opposed to magnanimity.

Objection 3: Further, the magnanimous man looks upon external goods as little things. Now according to the Philosopher (Ethic. iv, 3), "on account of external fortune the presumptuous disdain and wrong others, because they deem external goods as something great." Therefore presumption is opposed to magnanimity, not by excess, but only by deficiency.

On the contrary, The Philosopher says (Ethic. ii, 7; iv, 3) that the "vain man," i.e. a vaporer or a wind-bag, which with us denotes a presumptuous man, "is opposed to the magnanimous man by excess."

I answer that, As stated above (Q[129], A[3], ad 1), magnanimity observes the means, not as regards the quantity of that to which it tends, but in proportion to our own ability: for it does not tend to anything greater than is becoming to us.

Now the presumptuous man, as regards that to which he tends, does not exceed the magnanimous, but sometimes falls far short of him: but he does exceed in proportion to his own ability, whereas the magnanimous man does not exceed his. It is in this way that presumption is opposed to magnanimity by excess.

Reply to Objection 1: It is not every presumption that is accounted a sin against the Holy Ghost, but that by which one contemns the Divine justice through inordinate confidence in the Divine mercy. The latter kind of presumption, by reason of its matter, inasmuch, to wit, as it implies contempt of something Divine, is opposed to charity, or rather to the gift of fear, whereby we revere God. Nevertheless, in so far as this contempt exceeds the proportion to one's own ability, it can be opposed to magnanimity.

Reply to Objection 2: Presumption, like magnanimity, seems to tend to something great. For we are not, as a rule, wont to call a man presumptuous for going beyond his powers in something small. If, however, such a man be called presumptuous, this kind of presumption is not opposed to magnanimity, but to that virtue which is about ordinary honor, as stated above (Q[129], A[2]).

Reply to Objection 3: No one attempts what is above his ability, except in so far as he deems his ability greater than it is. In this one may err in two ways. First only as regards quantity, as when a man thinks he has greater virtue, or knowledge, or the like, than he has. Secondly, as regards the kind of thing, as when he thinks himself great, and worthy of great things, by reason of something that does not make him so, for instance by reason of riches or goods of fortune. For, as the Philosopher says (Ethic. iv, 3), "those who have these things without virtue, neither justly deem themselves worthy of great things, nor are rightly called magnanimous."

Again, the thing to which a man sometimes tends in excess of his ability, is sometimes in very truth something great, simply as in the case of Peter, whose intent was to suffer for Christ, which has exceeded his power; while sometimes it is something great, not simply, but only in the opinion of fools, such as wearing costly clothes, despising and wronging others. This savors of an excess of magnanimity, not in any truth, but in people's opinion. Hence Seneca says (De Quat. Virtut.) that "when magnanimity exceeds its measure, it makes a man high-handed, proud, haughty restless, and bent on excelling in all things, whether in words or in deeds, without any considerations of virtue." Thus it is evident that the presumptuous man sometimes falls short of the magnanimous in reality, although in appearance he surpasses him.


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STAT.]

PUBLIC LAW 93-29-MAY 3, 1973

premium charoe herein provided for, the Secretary is authorized to charjije and collect such auiouuts as he may deem reasonable for- the appraisal of a property or project during- accpiisition, alteration, or renovation; but such chai'<jjes for appraisal and inspection shall not aj;gre«;ate more than 1 per centum of the original principal face amount of the mortgage. " (f) The Secretary nuiy consent to the release of a T)ar't or ];a'ts of the mortgaged property or* pr-oject from the lien of any mortgage insured under this section upon such ter-nrs and conditions as he rrray prescribe. " (g)(1) The Secretary shall have the same frrnctions, jwwer-s, and duties (insofar- as a))i)]icable) with r-e^pect to the insrrr-arrce of uvor-tgages mider- this section as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development has with r-espect to the insurance of mortgages under title II of the National Housing Act. "(2) The provisions of subsections (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (1), and (n) of section '207 of the National Ilorrsing Act shall apply to mortgages insured under this section; except that, for the purposes of their- application with r-espect to such mortgages, all r-eferences in such provisions to the Oeneral Insurance Fund shall be deemed to r-efer to the Multipurpose Senior Center Lisur-ance Fund, and all r-eferences in such provisions to 'Secretary' shall be deemed to refer to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. " (h)(1) There is her-eby cr-eated a Multipurpose Senior Center Insurance Fund which shall be used by the Secretary as a revolving fund for carrying out all the insurance provisions of this section. All mortgages insured under this section shall be insured under and be the obligation of the Multipurpose Senior Center Insurance Fund. "(2) The general expenses of the operations of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare relating to mor-tgages insur-ed underthis section may be charged to the Multipurpose Senior Center Insurance Fund. "(3) Moneys in the Multipurpose Senior Center Insurance Fund not needed for- the curr-ent operations of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare with respect to mortgages insured under this section shall be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States to the credit of such fund, or invested in bonds or other- obligatioirs of, or in bonds or other obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by, the United States. The Secretary may, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, purchase in the open market debentures issued as obligations of the Multipurpose Senior Center Insurance Fund. Such purchases shall be made at a price which will provide an investment yield of not less than the yield obtainable from other investments authorized by this section. Debentures so purchased shall be canceled and not reissued. "(4) Premium charges, adjusted premium charges, and appraisal and other fees received on account of the insurance of any mor-tgage under this section, the receipts derived from property covered by such mortgages and from any claims, debts, contracts, property, and security assigned to the Secretary in connection therewith, and all earnings as the assets of the fund, shall be credited to the Multipurpose Senior Center Insurance Fund. The principal of, and interest paid and to be paid on, debentures which are the obligation of such fund, cash insurance payments and adjustments, and expenses incurred in the handling, management, renovation, and disposal of properties acquired, in connection with mortgages insured under this section, shall be charged to such fund.

53

12 USC 1707. 12 USC 1713.

Multipurpose Senior Center Insurance Fund, establishment.

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PUBLIC LAW 93-29-MAY 3, 1973

"(5) There are aiithorized to bo appropriated to provide initial capital for the Multipurpose Senior Center Insurance Fund, and to assure the soundness of such fund thereaft(!r, sucji sums as may he necessary. "AXXUAL

Appropriation.

Limitation.

[87 STAT.

INTEREST

(UJAXTS

"SEC. 57. (a) To assist nonprofit private agencies to reduce the cost of borrowing from other sources for the acquisition, alteration or renovation of facilities, the Secretary may make annual interest gr-ants to such a<rencies. "(h) Annual interest grants under this section with respect to any facility shall be made over a fixed period not exceeding forty years, and piovision for such f^rants shall be embodied in a contract ^uaranteeino^ their payment over such period. Each such grant shall be in an amount not greater than the difference between (1) the average annual debt service which would be required to be paid, during the life of the loan, on the amount borrowed from other sources for the acquisition, alteration or renovation or such facilities, and (2) the average annual debt service which the institution would have been required to pay, during the life of the loan, with respect to such amounts if the applicable interest rate were -3 per centum per annum: Provided, That the amount on which such grant is based shall be approved by the Secretary. " (c)(1) There are hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as may be necessary for payment of annual interest grants in accordance with this section. "(2) Contracts for annual interest grants under this section shall not be entered into in an aggregate amount greater than is authorized in appropriation Acts. " (d) Not more than 121/^ per centum of the funds provided for in this section for grants may be used within any one State. "PART B — I N I T I A L STAFFING OF ]MULTIPURPOSE SENIOR CENTERS P E R S O N N E L S T A F F I N G GRANT PRO(RAM

Appropriation.

AUTHORIZED

"SEC. 511. (a) For the purpose of assisting in the establishment and initial operation of multipurpose senior centers the Commissioner may, in accordance with the provisions of this part, make grants to meet, for the temporary periods specified in this part, all or part of the costs of compensation of professional and technical personnel for the initial operation of new multipurpose senior centers and for the delivery of social services established therein. "(b) Grants for such costs of any center under this title may be made only for the period beginning with the first day of the first month for which such grant is made and ending with the close of tiiree year-s after such first day. Such grants with respect to any center may not exceed 75 per centum of such costs for the first year of the project, 66% per centum of such costs for the second year of the project, and 50 per centum of such costs for the third year of the project. "(c) I n making such grants, the Secretary shall take into account the relative needs of the several States for community centers for senior citizens, their relativ-e financial needs, and their population of persons over sixty years of age. " (d) For the purpose of this part, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and for each of the next two succeeding fiscal years."

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S

TITLE VI — N A T I O N A L O L D E R AMERICA N S V O L U N T E E R PROGRAM SEC. 601. Section 601 of the Older Americans Act of 1965 is amended 83 Stat. iiu by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: " (d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no compensation provided to individual volunteers under this part shall be considered income for any purpose whatsoever." SEC. 602. Section 603 of the Older Americans Act of 1965 is amended 42 USC 3044a. by inserting immediately before the period at the end thereof the following: "and $15,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, $17,500,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, and $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975". SEC. 603. (a) The heading of part B of title VI of the Older Americans Act of 1965 is amended to read as follows: "FOSTER

GRANDPARENT

PROGRAM

AND

OLDER

AMERICANS

COMMUNITY

SERVICE P R O G R A M S ".

(b) Section 611 of such Act is amended to read as follows: 86^s\'at 705 "SEC. 611. (a) The Commissioner is authorized to make grants to 42 USC 3044b. or contracts with public and nonprofit private agencies and organizations to pay part or all of the cost of development and operation of projects designed to provide opportunities for low-income persons aged sixty or over to render supportive person-to-person services in health, education, welfare, and related settings to children having exceptional needs, including services as 'Foster Grandparents' to children receiving care in hospitals, homes for dependent and neglected children, or other establishments providing care for children with special needs. "(b) The Commissioner is also authorized to make grants or contracts to carry out the purposes described in subsection (a) in the case of persons (other than children) having exceptional needs, including services as 'senior health aides' to work w-ith persons receiving home health care and nursing care, and as 'senior companions' to persons having developmental disabilities. "(c) Payments under this part pursuant to a grant or contract may Advance paybe made (after necessary adjustment on account of previously made ™^'^*^overpayments or underpayments) in advance or by way of reimbursement, in such installments and on such conditions as the Commissioner may determine. " (d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no compensation provided to individual volunteers under this part shall be considered income for any purpose whatsoever." (c) The first sentence of section 613 of such Act is amended to read interagency V Ti

cooperation.

as follows:_. ., . " I n administering this part, the Commissioner shall consult with the Office of Economic Opportunity, the Departments of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare and any other Federal agencies administering relevant programs with a view to achieving optimal coordination with such other programs and shall promote the coordination of projects under this part with other public or private programs or projects carried out at State and local levels." SEC. 604. Section 614 of the Older Americans Act is amended to read

Appropriations,

as follows:

42 USC 3044e.

"SEC. 614. (a)(1) There are authorized to be appropriated for grants or contracts under subsections (a) and (b) of section 611, $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, $32,500,000 for the fiscal year

ss Stat. 113. 42 USC 3 044d.

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Summa Theologiae/Second Part of the Second Part/Question 131

Question. 131 - OF AMBITION (TWO ARTICLES)
We must now consider ambition: and under this head there are two points of inquiry:

(1) Whether it is a sin?

(2) Whether it is opposed to magnanimity by excess?

Art. 1 - Whether ambition is a sin?
Objection 1: It seems that ambition is not a sin. For ambition denotes the desire of honor. Now honor is in itself a good thing, and the greatest of external goods: wherefore those who care not for honor are reproved. Therefore ambition is not a sin; rather is it something deserving of praise, in so far as a good is laudably desired.

Objection 2: Further, anyone may, without sin, desire what is due to him as a reward. Now honor is the reward of virtue, as the Philosopher states (Ethic. i, 12; iv, 3; viii, 14). Therefore ambition of honor is not a sin.

Objection 3: Further, that which heartens a man to do good and disheartens him from doing evil, is not a sin. Now honor heartens men to do good and to avoid evil; thus the Philosopher says (Ethic. iii, 8) that "with the bravest men, cowards are held in dishonor, and the brave in honor": and Tully says (De Tusc. Quaest. i) that "honor fosters the arts." Therefore ambition is not a sin.

On the contrary, It is written (1 Cor. 13:5) that "charity is not ambitious, seeketh not her own." Now nothing is contrary to charity, except sin. Therefore ambition is a sin.

I answer that, As stated above (Q[103], AA[1],2), honor denotes reverence shown to a person in witness of his excellence. Now two things have to be considered with regard to man's honor. The first is that a man has not from himself the thing in which he excels, for this is, as it were, something Divine in him, wherefore on this count honor is due principally, not to him but to God. The second point that calls for observation is that the thing in which man excels is given to him by God, that he may profit others thereby: wherefore a man ought so far to be pleased that others bear witness to his excellence, as this enables him to profit others.

Now the desire of honor may be inordinate in three ways. First, when a man desires recognition of an excellence which he has not: this is to desire more than his share of honor. Secondly, when a man desires honor for himself without referring it to God. Thirdly, when a man's appetite rests in honor itself, without referring it to the profit of others. Since then ambition denotes inordinate desire of honor, it is evident that it is always a sin.

Reply to Objection 1: The desire for good should be regulated according to reason, and if it exceed this rule it will be sinful. In this way it is sinful to desire honor in disaccord with the order of reason. Now those are reproved who care not for honor in accordance with reason's dictate that they should avoid what is contrary to honor.

Reply to Objection 2: Honor is not the reward of virtue, as regards the virtuous man, in this sense that he should seek for it as his reward: since the reward he seeks is happiness, which is the end of virtue. But it is said to be the reward of virtue as regards others, who have nothing greater than honor whereby to reward the virtuous; which honor derives greatness from the very fact that it bears witness to virtue. Hence it is evident that it is not an adequate reward, as stated in Ethic. iv, 3.

Reply to Objection 3: Just as some are heartened to do good and disheartened from doing evil, by the desire of honor, if this be desired in due measure; so, if it be desired inordinately, it may become to man an occasion of doing many evil things, as when a man cares not by what means he obtains honor. Wherefore Sallust says (Catilin.) that "the good as well as the wicked covet honors for themselves, but the one," i.e. the good, "go about it in the right way," whereas "the other," i.e. the wicked, "through lack of the good arts, make use of deceit and falsehood." Yet they who, merely for the sake of honor, either do good or avoid evil, are not virtuous, according to the Philosopher (Ethic. iii, 8), where he says that they who do brave things for the sake of honor are not truly brave.

Art. 2 - Whether ambition is opposed to magnanimity by excess?
Objection 1: It seems that ambition is not opposed to magnanimity by excess. For one mean has only one extreme opposed to it on the one side. Now presumption is opposed to magnanimity by excess as stated above (Q[130], A[2]). Therefore ambition is not opposed to it by excess.

Objection 2: Further, magnanimity is about honors; whereas ambition seems to regard positions of dignity: for it is written (2 Macc. 4:7) that "Jason ambitiously sought the high priesthood." Therefore ambition is not opposed to magnanimity.

Objection 3: Further, ambition seems to regard outward show: for it is written (Acts 25:27) that "Agrippa and Berenice . . . with great pomp [ambitione]. . . had entered into the hall of audience" [*'Praetorium.' The Vulgate has 'auditorium,' but the meaning is the same], and (2 Para. 16:14) that when Asa died they "burned spices and . . . ointments over his body" with very great pomp [ambitione]. But magnanimity is not about outward show. Therefore ambition is not opposed to magnanimity.

On the contrary, Tully says (De Offic. i) that "the more a man exceeds in magnanimity, the more he desires himself alone to dominate others." But this pertains to ambition. Therefore ambition denotes an excess of magnanimity.

I answer that, As stated above (A[1]), ambition signifies inordinate love of honor. Now magnanimity is about honors and makes use of them in a becoming manner. Wherefore it is evident that ambition is opposed to magnanimity as the inordinate to that which is well ordered.

Reply to Objection 1: Magnanimity regards two things. It regards one as its end, in so far as it is some great deed that the magnanimous man attempts in proportion to his ability. In this way presumption is opposed to magnanimity by excess: because the presumptuous man attempts great deeds beyond his ability. The other thing that magnanimity regards is its matter, viz. honor, of which it makes right use: and in this way ambition is opposed to magnanimity by excess. Nor is it impossible for one mean to be exceeded in various respects.

Reply to Objection 2: Honor is due to those who are in a position of dignity, on account of a certain excellence of their estate: and accordingly inordinate desire for positions of dignity pertains to ambition. For if a man were to have an inordinate desire for a position of dignity, not for the sake of honor, but for the sake of a right use of a dignity exceeding his ability, he would not be ambitious but presumptuous.

Reply to Objection 3: The very solemnity of outward worship is a kind of honor, wherefore in such cases honor is wont to be shown. This is signified by the words of James 2:2,3: "If there shall come into your assembly a man having a golden ring, in fine apparel . . . and you . . . shall say to him: Sit thou here well," etc. Wherefore ambition does not regard outward worship, except in so far as this is a kind of honor.


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83 Stat. 111.

PUBLIC LAW 93-29-MAY 3, 1973

[87 STAT.

ending June 30, 1974, and $40,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, respectively, of which (A) $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, $26,500,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, and $32,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, respectively, shall be available for such years for grants or contracts under subsection (a) of section 611, and (B) $6,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, and $8,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, respectively, shall be available for such years for grants or contracts under subsection (b) of such section. "(2) If the sums authorized to be appropriated under paragraph (1) of this subsection for fiscal yeare beginning after June 30, 1973, are not appropriated and made available for each such fiscal year, then such sums as are so appropriated and made available for each such fiscal year shall be allocated so that— " (A) any amounts appropriated not in excess of a sum which when added to carryover balances otherwise available for obligation under subsection (a) of section 611 equals $25,000,000 shall be used for grants or contracts under such subsection; and " (B) any amounts appropriated in excess of a sum which when added to carryover balances otherwise available for obligation under subsection (a) of section 611 equals $31,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, and $33,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, respectively, shall be used for grants or contracts for such fiscal years under subsection (a) of such section." SEC. 605. The authorities conferred upon the Commissioner of the Administration on Aging by the amendments made in this title shall be carried out pursuant to delegations of authority, reorganization plans, and transfers made effective prior to the date of enactment of this Act with respect to authorities conferred upon the Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare under title VI Qf ^-j^g Older Americans Act of 1965, as amended.

42 USC 3044.

'

TITLE VII—NUTRITIOI^ PROGRA^I AVAILABILITY OF SURPLUS COMMODITIES

86 Stat. 94. 42 USC 3045f.

§^0. 701. Section 707 of the Older Americans Act of 1965 is amended ^^ j, ^ ^ ^ ^g folloWS:

((AVAILABILITY

49 Stat. 774.

68 Stat. 458; 86 Stat. 1492.

79 Stat. 1212; 80 Stat. 1538. 86 Stat. 9u 42 USC 3 45d,

OF SURPLUS COMMODITIES

"SEC. 707. (a) Agricultural commodities and products purchased by the Secretary of Agriculture under section 32 of the Act of August 24, 1935 (7 U.S.C. 612c) may be donated to a recipient of a grant or contract to be used for providing nutritional services in accordance with the provisions of this title. "(b) The Commodity Credit Corporation may dispose of food commodities under section 416 of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1431) by douating them to a recipient of a grant or contract ^^ ^^ ^^g^^ ^^^ providing nutritional services in accordance with the provisions of this title. "(c) Dairy products purchased by the Secretary of Agriculture under section 709 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1965 (7 U.S.C. 1446a-l) may be used to meet the requirements of programs providing nutritional services in accordance with the provisions of this title." SEC. 702. Section 705(a) of the Older Americans Act of 1965 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph: "(5) provide that, when mutually agreed upon by recipients

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57

of grants and contracts and area planning and service areas agencies, nutrition projects assisted under this title shall be made a part of the comprehensive and coordinated systems established under title III of this Act."

^"'^' P- 3^-

STATE P L A N N I N G

SEC. 703. Section 7 0 5 (a)(2)(B) of the Older Americans Act of 1965 is amended by inserting "for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973," following "administrative cost,"; by striking out "any fiscal year" in this section and substituting in lieu thereof "such fiscal year"; and by adding at the end of the first sentence thereof the following sentence: "For the fiscal years ending after June 30, 1973, funds allotted to a State for State planning and administration pursuant to section 306 of this Act may be used for the administration of the State plan submitted pursuant to this section, except that wherever the governor of the State designates an agency other than the agency designated under section 304(a)(1) of this Act, then the Commissioner shall determine that portion of a State's allotment under section 306 which shall be available to the agency designated under section 705(a)(1) for planning and administration."

se Stat. 9i. " ^ ^^^ ^°'*^'^ ^

^"^^' P- 38.

CONFORMING AMENDMENT

SEC. 704. (a) The first sentence of section 705(a) of the Older Americans Act of 1965 is amended by striking out "303" the first time it appears in such sentence and inserting in lieu thereof "304" and by striking out "303" the second time it appears in such sentence and inserting in lieu thereof, "305". (b) Section 705(a)(1) of the Older Americans Act of 1965 is amended by striking out "303" and inserting in lieu thereof "304". (c) Title VII of the Older Americans Act of 1965 is amended by striking out "Secretary" wherever in such title the term refers to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, and inserting in lieu thereof "Commissioner".

^2 USC 3045,

TITLE VIII—AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS AMENDMENT TO LIBRARY SERVICES AND CONSTRUCTION ACT

SEC. 801. (a) The Library Services and Construction Act (20 U.S.C. 351 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following „72^*^^V ^^^^j ...1

^ ' ^

"^

=>

 * = 84 Stat. 1660.

new title: "TITLE IV—OLDER READERS SERVICES "GRANTS TO STATES FOR OLDER READERS SERVICES

"SEC. 401. The Commissioner shall carry out a program of making grants to States which have an approved basic State plan under section 6 and have submitted a long-range program and an annual program under section 403 for library services for older persons. u U S E S O F FEDERAL F U N D S

"SEC. 402. (a) Funds appropriated pursuant to paragraph (4) of section 4(a) shall be available for grants to States from allotments under section 5(a) for the purpose of carrying out the Federal share of the cost of carrying out State plans submitted and approved under section 403. Such grants shall be used for (1) the training of librarians

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Federal share.

[87 STAT.

to work with the elderly; (2) the conduct of special library programs for the elderly; (3) the purchase of special library materials for use )by the elderly; (4) the payment of salaries for elderly persons who wish to work in libraries as assistants on programs for the elderly; (5) the provision of in-home visits by librarians and other library personnel to the elderly; (6) the establishment of outreach programs to notify the elderly of library services available to them; and (7) the furnishing of transportation to enable the elderly to have access to library services. " (b) For the purposes of this title, the Federal share shall be 100 per centum of the cost of carrying out the State plan. STATE A N N U A L PROGRAM FOR LIBRARY SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY

"SEC. 403. Any State desiring to receive a grant from its allotment for the purposes of this title for any fiscal year shall, in addition to having submitted, and having had approved, a basic State plan under section 6, submit for that fiscal year an annual program for library services for older persons. Such program shall be submitted at such time, in such form, and contain such information as the Commissioner may require by regulation and shall— " (1) set forth a program for the year submitted under which funds paid to the State from appropriations pursuant to paragraph (4) of section 4(a) will be used, consistent with its longrange program for the purposes set forth in section 402, and "(2) include an extension of the long-range program taking into consideration the results of evaluations. COORDINATION W I T H

Ante, p. 3 0. Appropriation. 84 Stat. 1662. 20 USC 351b.

Ante,

p. 57.

Allotments, 20 USC 351c.

PROGRAMS FOR OLDER

AMERICANS

"SEC. 404. I n carrying out the program authorized by this title, the Commissioner shall consult with the Commissioner of the Administration on Aging and the Director of ACTION for the purpose of coordinating where practicable, the programs assisted under this title with the programs assisted under the Older Americans Act of 1965." (b) Section 4(a) of the Library Services and Construction Act is amended by adding at the end ther-eof the following new paragraph: "(4) For the purpose of making grants to States to enable them to carry out public library service programs for older persons authorized by title IV, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for the fiscal year endingJune 30, 1973, the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, and the fiscal year ending June 30. 1976." (c)(1) Section 5(a)(1) of such Act is amended by striking out "or (3) " and inserting in lieu thereof " (3), or (4)". (2) Section 5(a)(2) of such Act is amended by striking out "or (3) " and inserting in lieu thereof " (3), or (4)". (3) Section 5(a) of such Act is amended by striking out the word "and" at the end of such paragraph (B) ther-eof, by striking out the period at the end of subparagraph (C) and inserting in lieu thereof a semicolon and the word "and", and by inserting after subparagraph (C) thereof the following: " (D) with respect to appropriations for the purposes of title IV, $40,000 for each State, except that it shall be $10,000 in the case of Guam. American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territor-y of the Pacific Islands." (4) The last sentence of section 5(a)(3) of such Act is amended by striking out "or (3) " and inserting in lieu thereof " (3), or (4)".

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59

(5) Section 5(b) of such Act is amended by striking out "or (3) " and inserting in lieu thereof " (3), or (4)". (c) Section 6(a) of such Act is amended by striking out "and III " and inserting in lieu thereof " III and IV". (d)(1) Section 7(a) of such Act is amended by striking out "or (3) " and inserting in lieu thereof " (3), or (4)". (2) Section 7(b)(1) of such Act is amended by inserting "and title IV " after "title III ". (e) The amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section shall be effective after June 30, 1973.

sj standi662.

20 USC 3 5 1 c. 20 USC 351ci.

20 USC 3 5 1 e.

Effective date,

AMENDMENT TO N A T I O N A L COMMISSION ON LIBRARIES A N D INFORMATION S C I E N C E ACT

SEC. 802. (a) Section 5(a)(2) of the National Commission on Libraries and Information Science Act is amended by striking out "and" after "areas" and inserting a comma in lieu thereof, and by inserting after "deprived persons," the following: "and of elderly persons,". (b) The second sentence of section 6(a) (20 U.S.C. 1505(a)) of such Act is amended by inserting before the period at the end thereof the following: ", and at least one other of whom shall be knowledgeable with respect to the library and information service and science needs of the elderly". AMENDMENT TO H I G H E R EDUCATION ACT OF

.

20 ^*^*''*'*o*

1965

SEC. 803. Title I of the Higher Education Act of 1965 is amended 20 us^c?oo9by redesignating sections 110, 111, and 112 (and cross references 1011. thereto) as 111, 112, and 113, respectively, and by inserting after section 109 the following new section: " S P E C I A L PROGRAMS A N D P R O J E C T S RELATING TO PROBLEMS OF THE ELDERLY

"SEC. 110. (a) The Commissioner is authorized to make grants to institutions of higher education (and combinations thereof) to assist such institutions in planning, developing, and carrying out, consistent with the purpose of this title, programs specifically designed to apply the resources of higher education to the problems of the elderly, particularly with regard to transportation and housing problems of elderly persons living in rural and isolated areas. " (b) For purposes of making grants under this section, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and each succeeding fiscal year ending prior to July 1, 1977. "(c) In carrying out the program authorized by this section, the Commissioner shall consult wth the Commissioner of the Administration on Aging for the purpose of coordinating, where practicable, the programs assisted under this section with the programs assisted under the Older Americans Act of 1965."

Grants.

Appropriation.

^"^e- P- ^O.

AMENDMENT TO ADULT EDUCATION ACT

SEC. 804. (a) The Adult Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1201 et seq.) is 20 ulc/2^09. amended by redesignating sections 310, 311, and 312 (and cross ref- 1211. erences thereto) as sections 311, 312, and 313, respectively, and by inserting after section 309 the following new section:

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 60

PUBLIC LAW 93-29-MAY 3, 1973 SPECIAL, P R O J E C T S FOR THE Grants.

Appropriation.

Ante,

p. 30.

Ante,

p. 59.

[87 STAT.

ELDERLY

"SEC. 310. (a) The Commissioner is authorized to make grants to State and local educational agencies or other public or private nonprofit agencies for programs to further the purpose of this Act by providing educational programs for elderly persons whose ability to speak and read the English language is limited and who live in an area with a culture different than their own. Such programs shall be designed to equip such elderly persons to deal successfully with the practical problems in their everyday life, including the making of purchases, meeting their transportation and housing needs, and complying with governmental requirements such as those for obtaining citizenship, public assistance and social security benefits, and housing. " (b) For the purpose of making grants under this section there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and each succeeding fiscal year ending prior to July 1, 1975. "(c) I n carrying out the program authorized by this section, the Commissioner shall consult with the Commissioner of the Administration on Aging for the purpose of coordinating, where practicaible, the programs assisted under this section with the programs assisted under the Older Americans Act of 1965." (b) Section 313(a) of such Act, as redesignated, is amended by inserting before the period at the end thereof the following: "(other than section 310)". ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZATION FOR SENIOR O P P O R T U N I T I E S A N D SERVICES

86 Stat. 688. 42 USC 2 701 note.

81 Stat. 698; 82 Stat. 1019. 42 USC 2809.

SEC. 805. I n addition to the amounts authorized to be appropriated and allocated pursuant to the Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1972, there is further authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and the succeeding fiscal year, to be used for the Senior Opportunities and Services program described in section 222(a)(7) of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. TITLE IX—COMMUNITY SERVICE EMPLOYMENT FOR OLDER AMERICANS SHORT TITLE

Citation of title.

SEC. 901. This title may be cited as the "Older American Community Service Employment Act". OLDER AMERICA N COMMUNITY SERVICE E M F L 0 Y 3 I E N T PROGRAM

SEC. 902. (a) In order to foster and promote useful part-time work opportunities in community service activities for unemployed lowincome persons who are fifty-five years old or older and who have poor emi^loyment prospects, the Secretary of Labor (hereinafter referred to as the "Secretary") is authorized to establish an older American community service employment program (hereinafter referred to as the "program"). (b) In order to carry out the provisions of this title, the Secretary is authorized— (1) to enter into agreements with public or private nonprofit agencies or organizations, agencies of a State government or a political subdivision of a State (having elected or duly appointed governing officials), or a combination of such political subdivisions, or Indian tribes on Federal or State reservations in

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PUBLIC LA\^ 93-29-MAY 3, 1973

order to further the purposes and goals of the program. Such agreements may include provisions for the payment of costs, as provided in subsection (c), of projects developed by such organizations and agencies in cooperation with the Secretary in order to make the program effective or to supplement it. No payments shall be made by the Secretary toward the cost of any project established or administered by any such organization or agency unless he determines that such project— (A) will provide employment only for eligible individuals, except for necessary technical, administrative, and supervisory personnel, but such personnel shall, to the fullest extent possible, be recruited from among eligible individuals; (B) will provide employment for eligible individuals in the community in which such individuals reside, or in nearby communities; (C) will employ eligible individuals in services related to publicly owned and operated facilities and projects, or projects sponsored by organizations exempt from taxation under the provisions of section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (other than political parties), except projects involving the construction, operation, or maintenance of any facility used or to be used as a place for sectarian religious instruction or worship; (D) will contribute to the general welfare of the community; (E) will provide employment for eligible individuals whose opportunities for other suitable public or private paid employment are poor; (F) will result in an increase in employment opportunities for eligible individuals, and will not result in the displacement of employed workers or impair existing contracts; (G) will utilize methods of recruitment and selection (including, but not limited to, listing of job vacancies with the employment agency operated by any State or political subdivision thereof) which will assure that the maximum number of eligible individuals will have an opportunity to l^articipate in the project; (H) will include such training as may be necessary to make the most effective use of the skills and talents of those individuals who are participating, and will provide for the payment of the reasonable expenses of individuals being trained, including a reasonable subsistence allowance; (I) will assure that safe and healthy conditions of work will be provided, and will assure that persons employed in public service jobs assisted under this title shall be paid wages which shall not be lower than whichever is the highest of (i) the minimum wage which would be applicable to the employee under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, if section 6 (a)(1) of such Act applied to the participant and if he were not exempt under section 13 thereof, (ii) the State or local minimum wage for the most nearly comparable covered employment, or (iii) the prevailing rates of pay for persons employed in similar public occujjations by the same employer: (J) will be established or administered with the advice of persons competent in the field of service in which employment is being provided, and of persons who are knowledgeable with regard to the needs of older persons; (K) will authorize pay for necessary transportation costs of eligible individuals which may be incurred in employment

61

68A Stat. les. "^^

52 Stat. loeo. sosfau^saV. 29 USC*206.' ^^ "^^ ^^^"

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 62

Regulations. ^°^'^-

Non-Federal ^^^re.

PUBLIC LAW 93-29-MAY 3, 1973

[87 STAT.

in any project funded under this title in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Secretary; and (L) will assure that to the extent feasible such projects will serve the needs of minority, Indian, and limited Englishspeaking eligible individuals m proportion to their numbers in the State; ^2) to make, issue, and amend such regulations as may be necessary to effectively carry out the provisions of this title. (c)(1) The Secretary is authorized to pay not to exceed 90 per centum of the cost of any project which is the subject of an agreement entered into under subsection (b), except that the Secretary is authorized to pay all of the costs of any such project which is (A) an emergency or disaster project or (B) a project located in an economically depressed area as determined in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and the Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity. (2) The nou-Federal share shall be in cash or in kind. In determining ii^Q amount of the non-Federal share, the Secretary is authorized to attribute fair market value to services and facilities contributed from non-Federal sources. ADMINISTRATION

SEC. 903. (a) I n order to effectively carry out the purposes of this title, the Secretary is authorized to consult with agencies of States and their political subdivisions with regard to— (1) the localities in which community service projects of the type authorized by this title are most needed; (2) consideration of the employment situation and the types of skills possessed by available local individuals who are eligible to participate; and (3) potential projects and the number and percentage of eligible individuals in the local population. Agency coopera(b)(1) The Secretary is authorized and directed to require agention. cies and organizations administering community service projects and other activities assisted under this title to coordinate their projects and activities with agencies and organizations conducting related manpower and unemployment programs receiving assistance under this Act and under other authorities such as the Economic Opportunity 78 Stat. 508. ^ ^ t of 1964, the Maupowcr Development and Training Act of 1962, 42 USC'2 701 and the Emergency Employment Act of 1971. In carrying out the pronote, 25 71 note. vislous of tlus paragraph, the Secretary is authorized to make neces42 vsc 4871 sary arrangements to include projects and activities assisted under this note. title within a common agreement and a common application with projects assisted under this Act and other provisions of law such as the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962, the Emergency Employment Act of 1971. (2) The Secretary is authorized to make whatever arrangements that are necessary to carry out the programs assisted under this title as part of any general manpower legislation hereafter enacted, except that appropriations for programs assisted under this title may not be expended for programs assisted under that title, offices^utmza(^) ^^ Carrying out the provisions of this title, the Secretary is tion. ' authorized to use, with their consent, the services, equipment, personnel, and facilities of Federal and other agencies with or without reimbursement, and on a similar basis to cooperate with other public and private agencies, and instrumentalities in the use of services, equipment, and facilities. Criteria. ((J) xho Secretary shall establish criteria designed to assure equitable participation in the administration of community service proj-

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PUBLIC LAW 93-29-MAY 3, 1973

ects by agencies and organizations eligible for payment under section 902(b). (e) Payments under this title may be made in advance or by way of reimbursement and in such installments as the Secretary may determine. (f) The Secretary shall not delegate his functions and duties under this title to any other department or agency of Government.

63

Advance payments.

P A R T I C I P A N T S N O T FEDERAL E M P L O Y E E S

SEC. 904. (a) Eligible individuals who are employed in any project funded under this title shall not be considered to be Federal employees as a result of such employment and shall not be subject to the provisions of part III of title 5, United States Code. so Stat. 407. (b) No contract shall be entered into under this title with a con- ^ "^^ 2101. tractor who is, or whose employees are, under State law, exempted from ojieration of the State workmen's compensation law, generally applicable to employees, unless the contractor shall undertake to provide either through insurance by a recognized carrier, or by self insurance, as allowed by State law, that the persons employed under the contract, shall enjoy workmen's compensation coverage equal to that provided by law for covered employment. The Secretary must estab- severance benelish standards for severance benefits, in lieu of unemployment insur- ^''^' ='^"'^^'•^^• ance coverage, for eligible individuals who have participated in qualifying programs and who have become unemployed. INTERAGENCY

COOPERATION

SEC. 905. The Secretary shall consult and cooperate with the Office of Economic Opportunity, the Administration on Aging, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and any other related Federal agency administering related programs, with a view to achieving optimal coordination with such other programs and shall promote the coordination of projects under this title with other public and private programs or projects of a similar nature. Such Federal agencies shall cooperate with the Secretary in disseminating information about the availability of assistance under this title and in promoting the identification and interests of individuals eligible for employment in projects funded under this title. E Q U I T A B L E D I S T R I B U T I O N O F ASSISTANCE

SEC. 906. (a)(1) From the sums appropriated for any fiscal year under section 908 there shall be initially allotted for projects within each State an amount which bears the same ratio to such sum as the population, aged fifty-five or over in such State bears to the population aged fifty-five or over in all States, except that (A) no State shall be allotted less than one-half of 1 per centum of the sum appropriated for the fiscal year for which the determination is made; and (B) Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands shall each be allotted an amount equal to one-fourth of 1 per centum of the sum appropriated for the fiscal year for which the determination is made. For the purpose of the exception contained in this paragraph, the term "State" does not include Guam,

^ "state."

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Summa Theologiae/Second Part of the Second Part/Question 132

Question. 132 - OF VAINGLORY (FIVE ARTICLES)
We must now consider vainglory: under which head there are five points of inquiry:

(1) Whether desire of glory is a sin?

(2) Whether it is opposed to magnanimity?

(3) Whether it is a mortal sin?

(4) Whether it is a capital vice?

(5) Of its daughters.

Art. 1 - Whether the desire of glory is a sin?
Objection 1: It seems that the desire of glory is not a sin. For no one sins in being likened to God: in fact we are commanded (Eph. 5:1): "Be ye . . . followers of God, as most dear children." Now by seeking glory man seems to imitate God, Who seeks glory from men: wherefore it is written (Is. 43:6,7): "Bring My sons from afar, and My daughters from the ends of the earth. And every one that calleth on My name, I have created him for My glory." Therefore the desire for glory is not a sin.

Objection 2: Further, that which incites a mar to do good is apparently not a sin. Now the desire of glory incites men to do good. For Tully says (De Tusc. Quaest. i) that "glory inflames every man to strive his utmost": and in Holy Writ glory is promised for good works, according to Rom. 2:7: "To them, indeed, who according to patience in good work . . . glory and honor" [*Vulg.: 'Who will render to every man according to his works, to them indeed who. . . seek glory and honor and incorruption, eternal life.']. Therefore the desire for glory is not a sin.

Objection 3: Further, Tully says (De Invent. Rhet. ii) that glory is "consistent good report about a person, together with praise": and this comes to the same as what Augustine says (Contra Maximin. iii), viz. that glory is, "as it were, clear knowledge with praise." Now it is no sin to desire praiseworthy renown: indeed, it seems itself to call for praise, according to Ecclus. 41:15, "Take care of a good name," and Rom. 12:17, "Providing good things not only in the sight of God, but also in the sight of all men." Therefore the desire of vainglory is not a sin.

On the contrary, Augustine says (De Civ. Dei v): "He is better advised who acknowledges that even the love of praise is sinful."

I answer that, Glory signifies a certain clarity, wherefore Augustine says (Tract. lxxxii, c, cxiv in Joan.) that to be "glorified is the same as to be clarified." Now clarity and comeliness imply a certain display: wherefore the word glory properly denotes the display of something as regards its seeming comely in the sight of men, whether it be a bodily or a spiritual good. Since, however, that which is clear simply can be seen by many, and by those who are far away, it follows that the word glory properly denotes that somebody's good is known and approved by many, according to the saying of Sallust (Catilin.) [*The quotation is from Livy: Hist., Lib. XXII C, 39]: "I must not boast while I am addressing one man."

But if we take the word glory in a broader sense, it not only consists in the knowledge of many, but also in the knowledge of few, or of one, or of oneself alone, as when one considers one's own good as being worthy of praise. Now it is not a sin to know and approve one's own good: for it is written (1 Cor. 2:12): "Now we have received not the spirit of this world, but the Spirit that is of God that we may know the things that are given us from God." Likewise it is not a sin to be willing to approve one's own good works: for it is written (Mat. 5:16): "Let your light shine before men." Hence the desire for glory does not, of itself, denote a sin: but the desire for empty or vain glory denotes a sin: for it is sinful to desire anything vain, according to Ps. 4:3, "Why do you love vanity, and seek after lying?"

Now glory may be called vain in three ways. First, on the part of the thing for which one seeks glory: as when a man seeks glory for that which is unworthy of glory, for instance when he seeks it for something frail and perishable: secondly, on the part of him from whom he seeks glory, for instance a man whose judgment is uncertain: thirdly, on the part of the man himself who seeks glory, for that he does not refer the desire of his own glory to a due end, such as God's honor, or the spiritual welfare of his neighbor.

Reply to Objection 1: As Augustine says on Jn. 13:13, "You call Me Master and Lord; and you say well" (Tract. lviii in Joan.): "Self-complacency is fraught with danger of one who has to beware of pride. But He Who is above all, however much He may praise Himself, does not uplift Himself. For knowledge of God is our need, not His: nor does any man know Him unless he be taught of Him Who knows." It is therefore evident that God seeks glory, not for His own sake, but for ours. In like manner a man may rightly seek his own glory for the good of others, according to Mat. 5:16, "That they may see your good works, and glorify your Father Who is in heaven."

Reply to Objection 2: That which we receive from God is not vain but true glory: it is this glory that is promised as a reward for good works, and of which it is written (2 Cor. 10:17,18): "He that glorieth let him glory in the Lord, for not he who commendeth himself is approved, but he whom God commendeth." It is true that some are heartened to do works of virtue, through desire for human glory, as also through the desire for other earthly goods. Yet he is not truly virtuous who does virtuous deeds for the sake of human glory, as Augustine proves (De Civ. Dei v).

Reply to Objection 3: It is requisite for man's perfection that he should know himself; but not that he should be known by others, wherefore it is not to be desired in itself. It may, however, be desired as being useful for something, either in order that God may be glorified by men, or that men may become better by reason of the good they know to be in another man, or in order that man, knowing by the testimony of others' praise the good which is in him, may himself strive to persevere therein and to become better. In this sense it is praiseworthy that a man should "take care of his good name," and that he should "provide good things in the sight of God and men": but not that he should take an empty pleasure in human praise.

Art. 2 - Whether vainglory is opposed to magnanimity?
Objection 1: It seems that vainglory is not opposed to magnanimity. For, as stated above (A[1]), vainglory consists in glorying in things that are not, which pertains to falsehood; or in earthly and perishable things, which pertains to covetousness; or in the testimony of men, whose judgment is uncertain, which pertains to imprudence. Now these vices are not contrary to magnanimity. Therefore vainglory is not opposed to magnanimity.

Objection 2: Further, vainglory is not, like pusillanimity, opposed to magnanimity by way of deficiency, for this seems inconsistent with vainglory. Nor is it opposed to it by way of excess, for in this way presumption and ambition are opposed to magnanimity, as stated above (Q[130], A[2]; Q[131], A[2]): and these differ from vainglory. Therefore vainglory is not opposed to magnanimity.

Objection 3: Further, a gloss on Phil. 2:3, "Let nothing be done through contention, neither by vainglory," says: "Some among them were given to dissension and restlessness, contending with one another for the sake of vainglory." But contention [*Cf. Q[38]] is not opposed to magnanimity. Neither therefore is vainglory.

On the contrary, Tully says (De Offic. i) under the heading, "Magnanimity consists in two things: We should beware of the desire for glory, since it enslaves the mind, which a magnanimous man should ever strive to keep untrammeled." Therefore it is opposed to magnanimity.

I answer that, As stated above (Q[103], A[1], ad 3), glory is an effect of honor and praise: because from the fact that a man is praised, or shown any kind of reverence, he acquires charity in the knowledge of others. And since magnanimity is about honor, as stated above (Q[129], AA[1],2), it follows that it also is about glory: seeing that as a man uses honor moderately, so too does he use glory in moderation. Wherefore inordinate desire of glory is directly opposed to magnanimity.

Reply to Objection 1: To think so much of little things as to glory in them is itself opposed to magnanimity. Wherefore it is said of the magnanimous man (Ethic. iv) that honor is of little account to him. In like manner he thinks little of other things that are sought for honor's sake, such as power and wealth. Likewise it is inconsistent with magnanimity to glory in things that are not; wherefore it is said of the magnanimous man (Ethic. iv) that he cares more for truth than for opinion. Again it is incompatible with magnanimity for a man to glory in the testimony of human praise, as though he deemed this something great; wherefore it is said of the magnanimous man (Ethic. iv), that he cares not to be praised. And so, when a man looks upon little things as though they were great, nothing hinders this from being contrary to magnanimity, as well as to other virtues.

Reply to Objection 2: He that is desirous of vainglory does in truth fall short of being magnanimous, because he glories in what the magnanimous man thinks little of, as stated in the preceding Reply. But if we consider his estimate, he is opposed to the magnanimous man by way of excess, because the glory which he seeks is something great in his estimation, and he tends thereto in excess of his deserts.

Reply to Objection 3: As stated above (Q[127], A[2], ad 2), the opposition of vices does not depend on their effects. Nevertheless contention, if done intentionally, is opposed to magnanimity: since no one contends save for what he deems great. Wherefore the Philosopher says (Ethic. iv, 3) that the magnanimous man is not contentious, because nothing is great in his estimation.

Art. 3 - Whether vainglory is a mortal sin?
Objection 1: It seems that vainglory is a mortal sin. For nothing precludes the eternal reward except a mortal sin. Now vainglory precludes the eternal reward: for it is written (Mat. 6:1): "Take heed, that you do not give justice before men, to be seen by them: otherwise you shall not have a reward of your Father Who is in heaven." Therefore vainglory is a mortal sin.

Objection 2: Further, whoever appropriates to himself that which is proper to God, sins mortally. Now by desiring vainglory, a man appropriates to himself that which is proper to God. For it is written (Is. 42:8): "I will not give My glory to another," and (1 Tim. 1:17): "To . . . the only God be honor and glory." Therefore vainglory is a mortal sin.

Objection 3: Further, apparently a sin is mortal if it be most dangerous and harmful. Now vainglory is a sin of this kind, because a gloss of Augustine on 1 Thess. 2:4, "God, Who proveth our hearts," says: "Unless a man war against the love of human glory he does not perceive its baneful power, for though it be easy for anyone not to desire praise as long as one does not get it, it is difficult not to take pleasure in it, when it is given." Chrysostom also says (Hom. xix in Matth.) that "vainglory enters secretly, and robs us insensibly of all our inward possessions." Therefore vainglory is a mortal sin.

On the contrary, Chrysostom says [*Hom. xiii in the Opus Imperfectum falsely ascribed to St. John Chrysostom] that "while other vices find their abode in the servants of the devil, vainglory finds a place even in the servants of Christ." Yet in the latter there is no mortal sin. Therefore vainglory is not a mortal sin.

I answer that, As stated above (Q[24], A[12]; Q[110], A[4]; Q[112], A[2] ), a sin is mortal through being contrary to charity. Now the sin of vainglory, considered in itself, does not seem to be contrary to charity as regards the love of one's neighbor: yet as regards the love of God it may be contrary to charity in two ways. In one way, by reason of the matter about which one glories: for instance when one glories in something false that is opposed to the reverence we owe God, according to Ezech. 28:2, "Thy heart is lifted up, and Thou hast said: I am God," and 1 Cor. 4:7, "What hast thou that thou hast not received? And if thou hast received, why dost thou glory, as if thou hadst not received it?" Or again when a man prefers to God the temporal good in which he glories: for this is forbidden (Jer. 9:23,24): "Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, and let not the strong man glory in his strength, and let not the rich man glory in his riches. But let him that glorieth glory in this, that he understandeth and knoweth Me." Or again when a man prefers the testimony of man to God's; thus it is written in reproval of certain people (Jn. 12:43): "For they loved the glory of men more than the glory of God."

In another way vainglory may be contrary to charity, on the part of the one who glories, in that he refers his intention to glory as his last end: so that he directs even virtuous deeds thereto, and, in order to obtain it, forbears not from doing even that which is against God. In this way it is a mortal sin. Wherefore Augustine says (De Civ. Dei v, 14) that "this vice," namely the love of human praise, "is so hostile to a godly faith, if the heart desires glory more than it fears or loves God, that our Lord said (Jn. 5:44): How can you believe, who receive glory one from another, and the glory which is from God alone, you do not seek?"

If, however, the love of human glory, though it be vain, be not inconsistent with charity, neither as regards the matter gloried in, nor as to the intention of him that seeks glory, it is not a mortal but a venial sin.

Reply to Objection 1: No man, by sinning, merits eternal life: wherefore a virtuous deed loses its power to merit eternal life, if it be done for the sake of vainglory, even though that vainglory be not a mortal sin. On the other hand when a man loses the eternal reward simply through vainglory, and not merely in respect of one act, vainglory is a mortal sin.

Reply to Objection 2: Not every man that is desirous of vainglory, desires the excellence which belongs to God alone. For the glory due to God alone differs from the glory due to a virtuous or rich man.

Reply to Objection 3: Vainglory is stated to be a dangerous sin, not only on account of its gravity, but also because it is a disposition to grave sins, in so far as it renders man presumptuous and too self-confident: and so it gradually disposes a man to lose his inward goods.

Art. 4 - Whether vainglory is a capital vice?
Objection 1: It seems that vainglory is not a capital vice. For a vice that always arises from another vice is seemingly not capital. But vainglory always arises from pride. Therefore vainglory is not a capital vice.

Objection 2: Further, honor would seem to take precedence of glory, for this is its effect. Now ambition which is inordinate desire of honor is not a capital vice. Neither therefore is the desire of vainglory.

Objection 3: Further, a capital vice has a certain prominence. But vainglory seems to have no prominence, neither as a sin, because it is not always a mortal sin, nor considered as an appetible good, since human glory is apparently a frail thing, and is something outside man himself. Therefore vainglory is not a capital vice.

On the contrary, Gregory (Moral. xxxi) numbers vainglory among the seven capital vices.

I answer that, The capital vices are enumerated in two ways. For some reckon pride as one of their number: and these do not place vainglory among the capital vices. Gregory, however (Moral. xxxi), reckons pride to be the queen of all the vices, and vainglory, which is the immediate offspring of pride, he reckons to be a capital vice: and not without reason. For pride, as we shall state farther on (Q[152], AA[1],2), denotes inordinate desire of excellence. But whatever good one may desire, one desires a certain perfection and excellence therefrom: wherefore the end of every vice is directed to the end of pride, so that this vice seems to exercise a kind of causality over the other vices, and ought not to be reckoned among the special sources of vice, known as the capital vices. Now among the goods that are the means whereby man acquires honor, glory seems to be the most conducive to that effect, inasmuch as it denotes the manifestation of a man's goodness: since good is naturally loved and honored by all. Wherefore, just as by the glory which is in God's sight man acquires honor in Divine things, so too by the glory which is in the sight of man he acquires excellence in human things. Hence on account of its close connection with excellence, which men desire above all, it follows that it is most desirable. And since many vices arise from the inordinate desire thereof, it follows that vainglory is a capital vice.

Reply to Objection 1: It is not impossible for a capital vice to arise from pride, since as stated above (in the body of the Article and FS, Q[84], A[2]) pride is the queen and mother of all the vices.

Reply to Objection 2: Praise and honor, as stated above (A[2]), stand in relation to glory as the causes from which it proceeds, so that glory is compared to them as their end. For the reason why a man loves to be honored and praised is that he thinks thereby to acquire a certain renown in the knowledge of others.

Reply to Objection 3: Vainglory stands prominent under the aspect of desirability, for the reason given above, and this suffices for it to be reckoned a capital vice. Nor is it always necessary for a capital vice to be a mortal sin

Art. 5 - Whether the daughters of vainglory are suitably reckoned to be disobedience, boastfulness, hypocrisy, contention, obstinacy, discord, and love of novelties?
Objection 1: It seems that the daughters of vainglory are unsuitably reckoned to be "disobedience, boastfulness, hypocrisy, contention, obstinacy, discord, and eccentricity [*Praesumptio novitatum, literally 'presumption of novelties']." For according to Gregory (Moral. xxiii) boastfulness is numbered among the species of pride. Now pride does not arise from vainglory, rather is it the other way about, as Gregory says (Moral. xxxi). Therefore boastfulness should not be reckoned among the daughters of vainglory.

Objection 2: Further, contention and discord seem to be the outcome chiefly of anger. But anger is a capital vice condivided with vainglory. Therefore it seems that they are not the daughters of vainglory.

Objection 3: Further, Chrysostom says (Hom. xix in Matth.) that vainglory is always evil, but especially in philanthropy, i.e. mercy. And yet this is nothing new, for it is an established custom among men. Therefore eccentricity should not be specially reckoned as a daughter of vainglory.

On the contrary, stands the authority of Gregory (Moral. xxxi), who there assigns the above daughters to vainglory.

I answer that, As stated above (Q[34], A[5]; Q[35], A[4]; FS, Q[84], AA[3],4), the vices which by their very nature are such as to be directed to the end of a certain capital vice, are called its daughters. Now the end of vainglory is the manifestation of one's own excellence, as stated above (AA[1],4): and to this end a man may tend in two ways. In one way directly, either by words, and this is boasting, or by deeds, and then if they be true and call for astonishment, it is love of novelties which men are wont to wonder at most; but if they be false, it is hypocrisy. In another way a man strives to make known his excellence by showing that he is not inferior to another, and this in four ways. First, as regards the intellect, and thus we have "obstinacy," by which a man is too much attached to his own opinion, being unwilling to believe one that is better. Secondly, as regards the will, and then we have "discord," whereby a man is unwilling to give up his own will, and agree with others. Thirdly, as regards "speech," and then we have "contention," whereby a man quarrels noisily with another. Fourthly as regards deeds, and this is "disobedience," whereby a man refuses to carry out the command of his superiors.

Reply to Objection 1: As stated above (Q[112], A[1], ad 2), boasting is reckoned a kind of pride, as regards its interior cause, which is arrogance: but outward boasting, according to Ethic. iv, is directed sometimes to gain, but more often to glory and honor, and thus it is the result of vainglory.

Reply to Objection 2: Anger is not the cause of discord and contention, except in conjunction with vainglory, in that a man thinks it a glorious thing for him not to yield to the will and words of others.

Reply to Objection 3: Vainglory is reproved in connection with almsdeeds on account of the lack of charity apparent in one who prefers vainglory to the good of his neighbor, seeing that he does the latter for the sake of the former. But a man is not reproved for presuming to give alms as though this were something novel.


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[87 STAT.

American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. (2) The number of persons aged fifty-five or over in any State and for all States shall be determined by the Secretary on the basis of the most satisfactory data available to him. (b) The amount allotted for projects within any State under subsection (a) for any fiscal year which the Secretary determines will not be required for that year shall be reallotted, from time to time and on such dates during such year as the Secretary may fix, to projects within other States in proportion to the original allotments to projects within such States under subsection (a) for that year, but with such proportionate amount for any of such other States being reduced to the extent it exceeds the sum the Secretary estimates that projects within such State need and will be able to use for such year; and the total of such reductions shall be similarly reallotted among the States whose proportionate amounts were not so reduced. Any amount reallotted to a State under this subsection during a year shall be deemed part of its allotment under subsection (a) for that year. (c) The amount apportioned for projects within each State under subsection (a) shall be apportioned among areas within each such State in an equitable manner, taking into consideration the proportion which eligible persons in each such area bears to such total number of such persons, respectively, in that State. DEFINITIONS

SEC. 907. As used in this title— (a) "State" means any of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; (b) "eligible individual" means an individual who is fifty-five years old or older, who has a low income, and who has or would have difficulty in securing employment, except that pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary any such individual who is sixty years old or older shall have priority for the work opportunities provided for under this Act; (c) "community service" means social, health, welfare, educational, library, recreational, and other similar services; conservation, maintenance or restoration of natural resources; community bettement or beautification; antipollution and environmental quality efforts; economic development; and such other services which are essential and necessary to the community as the Secretary, by regulation, may prescribe. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

SEC. 908. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated $60,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and $100,000,000 for fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, to carry out the provisions of this title. Approved May 3, 1973.

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PUBLIC LAW 93-32-MAY 11, 1973

P u b l i c Law 93-30 JOINT RESOLUTION To authorize and request the President to issue a proclamation designating the calendar week beginning May 6, 1973, as "National Historic Preservation Week". Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the P r e s i d e n t is a u t h o r ized and requested to issue a proclamation — (1) designating the c a l e n d a r week b e g i n n i n g May 6, 1973, as "National Historic Preservation Week"; and (2) u r g i n g Federal, State, and local government agencies, as well as citizens and p r i v a t e organizations, especially the preservation organizations, historical societies, and related g r o u p s, to observe that week w i the d u c a t i o n a l efforts, ceremonies, and other a p p r o p r i a t e activities which — (a) are designed to call public a t t e n t i o n to the u r g e n t need to h a v e o u r h i s to r i c l and m a r k s for the enjoyment and edificat i o n of the citizens of t h i s N a t i o n, p r e s e n t and f u t u r e; and (b) will d e m o n s t r a t e l a s t i n g respect for t h i s u n i q u e heritage. Approved May 5, 1973.

May 5, 1973 [ S. J. R e s. 51]

National H i s toric Preservation Week. Designation authorization.

P u b l i c Law 9 3 - 3 1 AN ACT To amend section 236 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees to limit the number of employees that may be retired under such Act during specified periods. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That section 236 of the C e n t r a l I n t e l l i g e n c e Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain E m p l o y e e s, as amended (78 Stat. 1043; 50 U.S.C. 403 note), is amended by (1) striking out " e i g h t h u n d r e d " and inserting in lieu thereof " t w e n t y - o n e h u n d r e d ", and (2) striking out the period at the end of such section and inserting in lieu thereof a comma and the following: " n o r a total of fifteen h u n d r e d during the period b e g i n n i n g on July 1, 1974, and e n d i n g on June 30, 1979." Approved May 8, 1973.

May 8, 1973 [S.1494]

Certain Central Intelligence Agency employees. Retirement limitation. 84 Stat. 1873.

P u b l i c Law 93-32 AN ACT To amend the Rural Electrification Act of 193G, as amended, to establish a Rural Electrification and Telephone Revolving Fund to provide adequate funds for rural electric and telephone systems through insured and guaranteed loans at interest rates which will allow them to achieve the objc?ctives of the Act, and for other purposes.

May 11, 1973 [S. 394]

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That it is h e r e by ^""^^^ electric declared to be the policy of the Congress that a d e q u a t e funds s h o u l d d^rec^ io^n°pro. be m a d e available to r u r a l electric and telephone systems through grams. direct, i n s u r e d and g u a r a n t e e d loans a t interest r a t e s which will allow Restoration. the m to achieve the objectives of the R u r a l Electrification Act of 1936, as amended, and that such r u r a l electric and telephone systems should y^usc^oi^^^

22-150 O - 75 - 7

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[87 STAT.

be encouraged and assisted to develop their resources and ability to achieve the financial strength needed to enable them to satisfy their credit needs from their own financial organizations and other sources at reasonable rates and terms consistent with the loan applicant's ability to pay and achievement of the Act's objectives. The Rural 49 Stat. 1363. Electrification Act of 1986, as amended (7 U.S'.C. 901-950(b)), is therefore fuither amended as hereinafter provided. SEC. 2. Title III of the Kural Electrification Act of 1936, as 7\js'c*93^%32. amended, is amended by striking out all of sections 301 and 302 and inserting in lieu thereof the following new sections: "SEC.

301. RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

AND TELEPHONE

REVOLVING

FUND.—(a) There is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States a fund, to be known as the Rural Electrification and Telephone Revolving Fund (hereinafter referred to as the 'fund'), consisting of: "(1) all notes, bonds, obligations, liens, mortgages, and property delivered or assigned to the Administrator pursuant to loans heretofore or hereafter made under sections 4, 5, and 201 of this 63 Stat' 948^' ^^^ ^^^ under this title, as of the effective date of this title, as 7 USC 904,905, Tcvised herein, and all proceeds from the sales hereunder of such 922. notes, bonds, obligations, liens, mortgages, and property, which shall be transferred to and be assets of the fund; "(2) undisbursed balances of electric and telephone loans made under sections 4, 5, and 201, which as of the effective date of this title, as revised herein, shall be transferred to and be assets of the fund; 61 Stat. 546. "(3) notwithstanding section 3(a) of title I, all collections of 7 USC 903. principal and interest received on and after July 1, 1972, on notes, bonds, judgments, or other oblijiations made or held under titles I ^^^l.ll^^oA^^^^' and II of this Act and under this title, except for net collection Do b t a t. y 4 o.

7 USC 901, 921.

pose, p. 67. y^^an^'gf^' 7 USC 941.

.

,

•

1

^

1

1

proceeds previously appropriated for the purchase or class A stock in the Rural Telephone Bank, which shall be paid into and be assets of the fund; "(4) all appropriations for interest subsidies and losses required under this title which may hereafter be made by the Congress; "(5) moneys borrowed from the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to section 304(a); and "(6) shares of the capital stock of the Rural Telephone Bank purchased by the United States pursuant to section 406(a) of this Act and moneys received from said bank upon retirement of said shares of stock in accordance with the provisions of title IV ^f ^j^ig ^f.^^ which said shares and moneys shall be assets of the fund"SEC. 302. LIABILITIES AND USES OF F U N D, — (a) The notes of the Administrator to the Secretary of the Treasury to obtain funds for loans under sections 4, 5, and 201 of this Act, and all other liabilities against the appropriations or assets in the fund in connection with electrification and telephone loan operations shall be liabilities of the fund, and all other obligations against such appropriations or assets in the fund arising out of electrification and telephone loan operations shall be obligations of the fund.

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67

" (b) The assets of the fund shall be available only for the following purposes: "(1) loans which could be insured under this title, and for advances in connection with such loans and loans previously made, as of the effective date of this title, as revised herein, under 63 Stat. 94«. sections 4, 5, and 201 of this Act; 85 Stat. 37. "(2) payment of principal when due (without interest) on 7 USC 904, 905, outstanding loans to the Administrator from the Secretary of the ^'^'^• Treasury for electrification and telephone purposes pursuant to section 3(a) of this Act and payment of principal and interest 61 Stat. 546. when due on loans to the Administrator from the Secretary of ^^^ ^°^* the Treasury pursuant to section 304(a) of this title; ^"''•^* "(3) payment of amounts to which the holder of notes is entitled on insured loans: Provided, That payments other than final payments need not be remitted to the holder until due or until the next agreed annual, semiannual, or quarterly remittance date; "(4) payment to the holder of insured notes of any defaulted installment or, upon assignment of the note to the Administrator at his request, the entire balance due on the note; "•(5) purchase of notes in accordance with contracts of insurance entered into by the Administrator; '•(6) payment in compliance with contracts of guarantee; "(7) payment of taxes, insurance, prior liens, expenses necessary to make fiscal adjustments in connection with the application, and transmittal of collections or necessary to obtain credit reports on applicants or borrowers, expenses for necessary services, including construction inspections, commercial appraisals, loan servicing, consulting business advisory or other commercial and technical services, and other program services, and other expenses and advances authorized in section 7 of this Act in connection with '•^ Stat. 1 ses. insured loans. Such items may be paid in connection with guar an^^^ teed loans after or in connection with the acquisition of such loans or security thereof after default, to the extent determined to be necessary to protect the interest of the Government, or in connection with any other activity authorized in this Act; "(8) payment of the purchase price and Miy costs and expenses incurred in connection with the purchase, acquisition, or operation of property pursuant to section 7 of this Act. " SEC. 303. DEPOSIT or F U N D MONEYS.—Moneys in the fund shall remain on deposit in the Treasury of the United States until disbursed. " SEC. 304. FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE F U N D. — (a) The. interim notes. k -t

•

•

•

^

•

-I

! •

•

•

1

Administrator is authorized to make and issue interim notes to the Secretary of the Treasury for the purpose of obtaining funds necessary for discharging obligations of the fund and for making loans, advances and authorized expenditures out of the fund. Such notes shall be in such form and denominations and have such maturities and be subject to such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon by the

issuance.

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 68 Interest rate determination.

40 Stat. 2 8 8. 31 USC 774.

U.S. budget totals, exclusion.

ObliRations, purchase for r e sale. U.S. budget totals, exclusion.

Notes and certificates, sale.

42 Stat. 20.

31 USC 1.

Liens.

PUBLIC LAW 93-32-MAY 11, 1973

[87

STAT.

Administrator and the Secretary of the Treasury. Such notes shall bear interest at a rate fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the current average market yield of outstandingmarketable obligations of the Ignited States having maturities comparable to the notes issued by the Administrator under this section. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to purchase any notes of the Administrator issued hereunder, and, for that purpose, the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to use as a public debt transaction the proceeds from the sale of any securities issued under the Second Liberty Bond Act, as amended, and the purposes for which such securities may be issued under such Act, as amended, are extended to include the purchase of notes issued by the xVdministrator. All redemptions, purchases, and sales by the Secretary of the Treasury of such notes shall be treated as public debt transactions of the United States: Provided, however, That such interim notes to the Secretary of the Treasury shall not be included in the totals of the budget of the United States Government and shall be exempt from any general limitation imposed by statute on expenditures and net lending (budget outlays) of the United States. " (b) The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to purchase for resale obligations insured through the fund when ofi'ered by the Administrator. Such resales shall be upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary of the Treasury shall determine. Purchases and resales by the Secretary of the Treasury hereunder shall not be included in the totals of the budget of the Ignited States Government and shall be exempt from any general limitation imposed by statute on expenditures and net lending (budget outlays) of the United States. "(c) The Administrator may, on an insured basis or otherwise, sell and assign any notes in the fund or sell certificates of beneficial ownership therein to the Secretary of the Treasury or in the private market. Any sale by the Administrator of notes individually or in blocks shall be treated as a sale of assets for the purposes of the Budget and Accounting Act, 1921, notwithstanding the fact that the Administrator, under an agreement with the purchaser or purchasers, holds the debt instruments evidencing the loans and holds or reinvests payments thereon as trustee and custodian for the purchaser or purchasers of the individual note or of the certificate of beneficial ownership in a number of such notes. Security instruments taken by the Admmistrator in connection with any notes in the fund may constitute liens running to the United States notwithstanding the fact that such notes may be thereafter held by purchasers thereof. " SEC. 305. INSURED LOANS; INTEREST RATES AND LENDING LEVELS.—

Transfer of funds.

U.S. budget totals, exclusion.

(a) The Administrator is authorized to make insured loans under this title and at the interest rates hereinafter provided to the full extent of the assets available in the fund, subject only to limitations as to amounts authorized for loans and advances as may be from time to rime imposed by the Congress of the United States for loans to be made in any one year, which amounts shall remain available until expended: Provided, That the Congress in the annual appropriation Act may also authorize the transfer of any excess cash in the fund for deposit into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts: And 'provided further, That any such loans and advances shall not be included in the totals of the budget of the United States Government and shall be exempt from any general limitation imposed by statute on expenditures and net lending (budget outlays) of the United States.

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" (b) Insured loans made under this title shall bear interest at either 2 per centum per annum (hereinafter called the 'special rate'), or 5 "Special rate." per centum per annum (hereinafter called the 'standard rate'). Loans ^^"/^f"'^^''' bearing the special rate shall be available only for an electric or telephone borrower which meets either of the following conditions: "(1) has an average consumer or subscriber density of two or fewer per mile, or "(2) has an average gross revenue per mile which is at least $450 below the average gross revenue per mile of REA-financed electric systems, in the case of electric borrowers, or at least $300 below the average gross revenue per mile of REA-financed telephone systems, in the case of telephone borrowers: Provided., however., That the Administrator may, in his sole discretion, make a loan at the special rate if he finds that the borrower: " (A) has experienced extenuating circumstances or extreme hardship; or " (B) cannot, in accordance with generally accepted management and accounting principles, produce net income or margins before interest at least equal to 150 per centum of its total interest requirements on all outstanding and proposed loans w'ith an interest rate greater than 2 per centum per annum on the entire current loan, and still meet the objectives of the Act, or " (C) cannot, in accordance with generally accepted management and accounting principles and without an excessive increase in the rates charged by such borrowers to their consumers or subscribers, provide service consistent with the objectives of the Act. "(c) Loans made under this section shall be insured by the Administrator when purchased by a lender. As used in this Act, an insured loan is one which is made, held, and serviced by the Administrator, and sold and insured by the Administrator hereunder; such loans shall be sold and insured by the Administrator without undue delay. "SEC. 306. GUARANTEED LOANS; ACCOMMODATION AND SUBORDINATION

OF LIENS.—The Administrator may provide financial assistance to borrowers for purposes provided in the Rural Electrification Act of 1936, as amended, by guaranteeing loans, in the full amount thereof, made '•^ ^tat. isss; by the Rural Telephone Bank, National Rural Utilities Cooperative 7 USC 901. Finance Corporation, and any other legally organized lending agency, or by accommodating or subordinating liens or mortgages in the fund held by the Administrator as owner or as trustee or custodian for purchases of notes from the fund, or by any combination of such guarantee, accommodation, or subordination. No fees or charges shall be assessed for any such guarantee, accommodation, or subordination. Guaranteed loans shall bear interest at the rate agreed upon by the borrower and the lender. Guaranteed loans, and accommodation and subordination of liens or mortgages, may be made concurrently with a loan insured at the standard rate. The amount of guaranteed loans shall be subject only to such limitations as to amounts as may be authorized from time to time by the Congress of the United States: Provided, That any amounts guaranteed hereunder shall not be u.s. budget included in the totals of the budget of the United States Government *°*^ ^' ^'^'^ "^^°"and shall be exempt from any general limitation imposed by statute on expenditures and net lending (budget outlays) of the United States. As used in this title a guaranteed loan is one which is made, held, and Definition.. serviced by a legally organized lending agency and which is guaranteed by the Administrator hereunder.

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[87 STAT.

" SEC. 307. OTHER FIXANCING.—When it appears to the Adminis-

trator that the loan applicant is able to obtain a loan for part of his credit needs from a responsible cooperative or other credit source at reasonable rates and terms consistent with the loan applicant's ability to pay and the achievement of the Act's objectives, he may request the loan applicant to apply for and accept such a loan concurrently with a loan insured at the standard rate, subject, however, to full use being made by the Administrator of the funds made available hereunder for such insured loans under this title. " SEC. 308. F U L L F A I T H AND CREDIT OF THE L N I T E D STATES.—Any

contract of insurance or guarantee executed by the Administrator under this title shall be an obligation supported by the full faith and credit of the United States and incontestable except for fraud or misrepresentation of which the holder has actual knowledge, •'SEC. 300. LOAN TERMS AND CONDITIONS.—Loans made from or insured through the fund shall be for the same purposes and on the same terms and conditions as are provided for loans in titles I and II A/Q ^*^Q'A^^^' of this Act except as otherwise provided in sections 303 to 308 7 USC 901, 921. inclusive. Ante, p. 67.

" SEC. 3 1 0. REFINANCING OF R u R A L DEVELOPMENT ACT LoANS.

At

the request of the borrower, the Administrator is authorized {.nd directed to refinance with loans which will be insured under this Act Ante, p. 68. .^^ (]jg interest rates provided in section 305 any loans made for rural electric and telephone facilities under any provision of the Consoli86 Stat. 657 dated Farm and Rural Development Act." 1921 7 USC SEC. 3. Section 3(f) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936, as note. Repeal amended, is repealed. 903. 7 USC SEC. 4. Section 405 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936, as 85 Stat. 32. amended, is further amended by striking subsection (e) in its entirety 7 USC 945. and by inserting in lieu thereof a new subsection (e), as follows: "(e) Thereafter, the cooperative-type entities and organizations holding class B and class C stock, voting as a separate class, shall elect three directors to represent their class by a majority vote of the stockholders voting in such class; and the commercial-type entities and organizations holding class B and class C stock, voting as a separate class, shall elect three directors to represent their class by a majority vote of the stockholders voting in such class. Limited proxy voting may be permitted, as authorized by the bylaws of the telephone bank. Cumulative voting shall not be permitted." SEC. 5. The second sentence of section 406(a) of the Rural Electrifi7 USC 946. cation Act of 1936, as amended, is further amended by striking "from net collection proceeds in the rural telephone account created under title III of this Act'' immediately after the word "appropriated". SEC. 6. Subsection (a) of section 407 of the Rural Electrification Act 86^statVgo"*' ^^ 1936, as amended, is amended by striking out "eight" in the secojid 7 USC 947. sentence and inserting in lieu thereof "twenty", and by striking out all of the third sentence. SEC. 7. Section 407 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936, as amended, is amended by adding a new subsection (c) as follows: U.S. budget "/(.) Purchases and resales by the Secretary of the Treasury as totals, exclusion. authorized in subsection (b) oi this section shall not be included m the totals of the budget of the United States Government and shall be exempt from any general limitation imposed by statute on expenditures and net lending (budget outlays) of the United States." SEC. 8. Subsection (a) of section 408 of the Rural Electrification 7 USC 948. Act of 1936, as amended, is amended (a) by inserting the words "or

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