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Page:Collodi - The Story of a Puppet, translation Murray, 1892.djvu/14

 the name of Master Antonio. He was, however, called by everybody Master Cherry, on account of the end of his nose, which was always as red and polished as a ripe cherry.

No sooner had Master Cherry set eyes on the piece of wood than his face beamed with delight; and, rubbing his hands together with satisfaction, he said softly to himself:

'This wood has come at the right moment; it will just do to make the leg of a little table.'

Having said this he immediately took a sharp axe with which to remove the bark and the rough surface. Just, however, as he was going to give the first stroke he remained with his arm suspended in the air, for he heard a very small voice saying imploringly, 'Do not strike me so hard!'

Picture to yourselves the astonishment of good old Master Cherry!

He turned his terrified eyes all round the room to try and discover where the little voice could possibly have come from, but he saw nobody! He looked under the bench—nobody; he looked into a cupboard that was always shut—nobody; he looked into a basket of shavings and sawdust—nobody; he even opened the door of the shop and gave a glance into the street—and still nobody. Who, then, could it be?

'I see how it is,' he said, laughing and scratching his wig; 'evidently that little voice


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph

LICHTENBERG, Georg Christoph, gā-ōrg' krĭs'tōf lĭh'tĕn-bĕrg, German satirical writer and physicist: b. near Darmstadt, 1 July 1742; d. Göttingen, 24 Feb. 1799. He was educated at the University of Göttingen and became professor there in 1767. During frequent visits to England he collected material for his explanations of Hogarth, whom he thus assisted to popularize in Germany. He gained great celebrity as a lecturer on physical science. He being a hunchback may very possibly have embittered him and sharpened a naturally satirical disposition. The best of his satires are those on the notorious literary pirate, Tobias Göbhard; the essay on ‘The German Novel’; ‘Timorus,’ ridiculing Lavater's zeal for proselytizing; and ‘Pronunciation of the Wethers of Ancient Greece,’ aimed at Voss' system of pronouncing Greek. His brilliant sayings have been collected and published in a separate volume, ‘Lichtenberg's Thoughts and Maxims: Light Rays from his Works’ (1871).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Page:Narrative of an Official Visit to Guatemala.djvu/54

34

, who was acting as British Consul at the port of Acapulco, sent me a letter by the courier, requesting that I would forward to him a notice from Dos Arroyos, sixteen leagues from the port, in order that he might come to meet and conduct me to a house which he had prepared for my accommodation. I proceeded on in great spirits to Chilpantzingo, and took up my abode in a clean cottage-like residence. We were waited upon by a decent motherly woman, assisted by her son, a respectable lad of eighteen years of age. Chilpantzingo is a pretty town, with about 1200 inhabitants, and a good parish church, besides chapels. It is by no means


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Page:Narrative of an Official Visit to Guatemala.djvu/55

CH. III.] a disagreeable or unhealthy place to live in, and there are many spots, in the centre of the town, which is intersected by a deep ravine, at the bottom of which flows a small river, where some villas might be erected, to great advantage.

Having set off about seven o'clock on the 27th, we arrived at a village called Acaquisotla, about three in the afternoon, and put up at a venta which seemed more like a regular inn than any we had met with on our journey from the capital. Three or four persons were halting here, who had come up from the coast, and were proceeding on to Mexico. On the other side of the road, opposite to the venta, was a small sugar-mill, worked by two mules: I understood it was constantly employed, and had been at work from time immemorial. The dinner was served on some fine old pieces of china of different patterns and sizes: they probably formed part of the first importations from Pekin, and were destined for some of the grandees of


text: Grimm's Household Tales (Edwardes)/Rumpel-Stilts-Ken


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lichtenberg, Leopold

LICHTENBERG, Leopold, American musician: b. San Francisco, Cal., 22 Nov. 1861. In early childhood he showed his fondness for the violin and received careful training. In his 12th year was asked by Henri Wieniawski, then on a visit to California, to become his pupil, and accordingly spent three years at Brussels Conservatory. Fresh from his European successes, he was engaged in 1877 in Theodore Thomas' orchestra and then spent three years more abroad playing in the chief cities. On his return to America he became a member of the Boston Symphony Orchestra and later was appointed head of the violin classes at the National Conservatory of Music, New York. With Adèle Margulies (piano) and the cellist, Leo Schulz, he formed the Margulies Trio, which became one of the foremost chamber-music organizations of the United States.


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lichtenstein

LICHTENSTEIN, one of the most popular of German historical novels (1826) and the masterpiece of Wilhelm Hauff, a Suabian

and poet who died full of promise at the age of 29, was a romantic and patriotic German's tribute to the work of Sir Walter Scott. No foreign author was more popular than Scott in the Germany of the early 19th century. His novels, translated in full, were so generally read that it was said that the soil of old Scotland was more familiar to Germans than their native land. Yet the hills of Scotland, Hauff said, were not of a richer green than the German Harz, the waves of the Tweed were no bluer than those of the Donau, Scotch men were no braver, Scotch women no lovelier than the old Suabians and Saxons. Lichtenstein, modeled after the Waverly novels, was a direct protest against the novel with a foreign historical background and was an attempt to recreate the romance of a bit of Suabian history (the reign of Ulrich of Württemberg in the 16th century) as Scott had done for the country of Ivanhoe and Waverly. But Hauff lacked the genius and scholarship of Scott, although he was a brilliant story-teller, full of the enthusiasm and the romance of youth, full of his own love-story which he permitted to add a glow to his pen-portraits, and with a rare sense of humor. And Lichtenstein, failing of historical value, has succeeded in making its own place as one of the picturesque love stories of German literature.


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Licinius, Gaius

LICINIUS, lī-sĭn'ĭ-ŭs, Gaius, Roman tribune. He came of a plebeian family, but rose to the rank of tribune, receiving the surname of Stolo, or Useless Sprout, by reason of the law which he established forbidding any one to possess more than 500 acres of land. His reason for this was that when more land was cultivated by any one owner the latter could not pull up the useless shoots (stolones) which grew from the roots of trees. Another law of his enactment allowed the plebeians to share the consular dignity with the patricians; and he himself became one of the first plebeian consuls, 364 B.C.


text:
Author:André Antoine Thomas

Works

 * (Town)

title: Author:André Antoine Thomas


text:
Executive Order 11590

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 7151 and 7301 of title 5, United States Code, as made applicable to the Postal Service and the Postal Rate Commission by the Postal Reorganization Act, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

, April 23, 1971.

title: Executive Order 11590


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Licinius, Gaius Flavius

LICINIUS, Gaius Flavius, Roman emperor: b. Dacia, about 270; d. 324. He was made Augustus by the emperor in 307, and became emperor of Rome after the death of Galerius about 312. He was defeated by his brother-in-law, Constantine, 323, and put to death the year following. His son, Flavius Valerius, declared Cæsar in 317, was slain at Constantinople in 326.


text:
Page:The Habitat of the Eurypterida.djvu/9

 {| align="center" width="550px"
 * || colspan="3" | The Eurypterid Faunas and their Associated Organisms—continued || align="right" | PAGE
 * || || colspan="2" | Siluric || align="right" | 84
 * width="12px" |
 * width="12px" |
 * width="12px" |
 * Lower Siluric (E e1) Fauna of Bohemia || align="right" | 84
 * || || || Upper Lower Siluric (E e1) of Bohemia || align="right" | 85
 * || || || Wenlock fauna of Pentland Hills, Scotland || align="right" | 85
 * || || || Shawangunk Fauna of Eastern North America || align="right" | 86
 * || || || Pittsford Fauna of New York || align="right" | 86
 * || || || Bertie Fauna || align="right" | 87
 * || || || Kokomo Fauna || align="right" | 87
 * || || || Upper Siluric Fauna of Oesel || align="right" | 87
 * || || || Temeside Fauna of England || align="right" | 88
 * || || || Ludlow Fauna of Scotland || align="right" | 88
 * || || || Lanarkian Fauna of Scotland || align="right" | 90
 * || || colspan="2" | Devonic || align="right" | 90
 * || || || Old Red Sandstone Fauna of Scotland || align="right" | 90
 * }
 * || || || Kokomo Fauna || align="right" | 87
 * || || || Upper Siluric Fauna of Oesel || align="right" | 87
 * || || || Temeside Fauna of England || align="right" | 88
 * || || || Ludlow Fauna of Scotland || align="right" | 88
 * || || || Lanarkian Fauna of Scotland || align="right" | 90
 * || || colspan="2" | Devonic || align="right" | 90
 * || || || Old Red Sandstone Fauna of Scotland || align="right" | 90
 * }
 * || || || Lanarkian Fauna of Scotland || align="right" | 90
 * || || colspan="2" | Devonic || align="right" | 90
 * || || || Old Red Sandstone Fauna of Scotland || align="right" | 90
 * }
 * || || || Old Red Sandstone Fauna of Scotland || align="right" | 90
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lick, James

LICK, James, American philanthropist: b. Fredericksburg, Lebanon County, Pa., 25 Aug. 1796; d. San Francisco, Cal., 1 Oct. 1876. In 1821 he set up in the pianoforte business at New York, and later was a manufacturer of musical instruments at Buenos Aires, Philadelphia, Valparaiso and elsewhere. In 1847 he went to California, where he gained wealth through investments in real estate and various enterprises. In 1874 he placed $3,000,000 at the disposal of seven trustees, by whom they were to be applied to specific uses. The principal divisions of the funds were: To the University of California, for the construction of an observatory and the placing therein of a telescope to be more powerful than any other in existence, $700,000 (see ); for the building and maintenance of free public baths in San Francisco, $150,000; to found and

endow an institution of San Francisco to be known as the California School of Mechanic Arts, $540,000; for the erection of three appropriate groups of bronze statuary to represent three periods in Californian history and to be placed before the city hall of San Francisco, $100,000; to erect in Golden Gate park, San Francisco, a memorial to F. S. Key, author of ‘The Star-Spangled Banner,’ $60,000.


text:
Author:Elihu Thomson

Works

 * (Electric)

title: Author:Elihu Thomson


text:
Townley's Ghost

When Sol in shades of night was lost, And all was fast asleep, In glided Townley's murder'd ghost, And stood at William's feet.

Infernal wretch, away! he cried, And view the mangled shade, Who on thy perjur'd faith relied, And basely was betray'd.

Embrued in bliss, embalm'd in ease, Tho' now thou seem'st to lie, My injur'd shade shall gall thine ease, And make thee beg to die.

Think on the hellish acts you've done, The thousands you've betray'd: Nero himself would blush to own The slaughter thou hast made.

Not infants' shrieks, nor parents' tears, Could stop thy bloody hand; Nor even ravish'd virgins' tears Appease thy dire command.

But oh! what pangs are set apart In hell, thou'lt shortly see; Where even all the damn'd will start To view a fiend like thee.

With speed, affrighted, William rose, All trembling, wan, and pale; And to his cruel sire he goes, And tells the dreadful tale.

Cheer up, my dear, my darling son, The bold usurper said; Never repent of what you've done, Nor be at all dismay'd

If we on Stuart's throne can dwell, And reign securely here, The uncle Satan's king of hell, And he'll protect us there!

title: Townley's Ghost


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Page:The Habitat of the Eurypterida.djvu/10

 {| align="center" width="550px"
 * || align="right" | 11. || colspan="6" | The Old Red Sandstone—continued || align="right" | PAGE
 * || || || || colspan="4" | Deposition in Lakes || align="right" | 177
 * || || || || colspan="4" | Deposition in the Sea || align="right" | 179
 * || || || colspan="5" | Objections to Lake and Marine Theories || align="right" | 180
 * || || || || align="right" width="1%" | 1. || colspan="3" | Physical || align="right" | 180
 * width="8px" |
 * width="1%" |
 * width="5px" |
 * width="8px" |
 * width="1%" align="right" | (a)
 * Red Color
 * align="right" | 180
 * || || || || || || align="right" | (b) || Marine Denudation || align="right" | 181
 * || || || || || || align="right" | (c) || Salt Indicative of Marine Deposition || align="right" | 182
 * || || || || || || align="right" | (d) || Thickness of Deposits || align="right" | 182
 * || || || || || || align="right" | (e) || Structural Features || align="right" | 184
 * || || || || align="right" | 2. || colspan="3" | Faunal || align="right" | 184
 * || || || colspan="5" | Summary || align="right" | 186
 * || || || colspan="5" | Theory of Fluviatile Deposition || align="right" | 186
 * || || || || colspan="4" | Summary of evidence of Fluviatile Deposition || align="right" | 189
 * || || || || || align="right" width="1%" | (a) || colspan="2" | Lithogenesis || align="right" | 189
 * || || || || || align="right" | (b) || colspan="2" | Faunal || align="right" | 191
 * || align="right" | 12. || colspan="6" | Miscellaneous Occurrences || align="right" | 193
 * }
 * || || || || || || align="right" | (d) || Thickness of Deposits || align="right" | 182
 * || || || || || || align="right" | (e) || Structural Features || align="right" | 184
 * || || || || align="right" | 2. || colspan="3" | Faunal || align="right" | 184
 * || || || colspan="5" | Summary || align="right" | 186
 * || || || colspan="5" | Theory of Fluviatile Deposition || align="right" | 186
 * || || || || colspan="4" | Summary of evidence of Fluviatile Deposition || align="right" | 189
 * || || || || || align="right" width="1%" | (a) || colspan="2" | Lithogenesis || align="right" | 189
 * || || || || || align="right" | (b) || colspan="2" | Faunal || align="right" | 191
 * || align="right" | 12. || colspan="6" | Miscellaneous Occurrences || align="right" | 193
 * }
 * || || || || colspan="4" | Summary of evidence of Fluviatile Deposition || align="right" | 189
 * || || || || || align="right" width="1%" | (a) || colspan="2" | Lithogenesis || align="right" | 189
 * || || || || || align="right" | (b) || colspan="2" | Faunal || align="right" | 191
 * || align="right" | 12. || colspan="6" | Miscellaneous Occurrences || align="right" | 193
 * }
 * || || || || || align="right" | (b) || colspan="2" | Faunal || align="right" | 191
 * || align="right" | 12. || colspan="6" | Miscellaneous Occurrences || align="right" | 193
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }


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Page:The Habitat of the Eurypterida.djvu/264

 On the other hand, these peculiarities are easily understood, if we consider the eurypterids as fluviatile organisms. It is quite evident that the Kokomo deposits have a distinctly different source from those of the Bertie. If then, these eurypterids belong to a distinct river system, developed upon a separate land mass, it would indeed be surprising if they were not wholly distinct specifically from those of the rivers of Atlantica which were responsible for the Bertie waterlime deposits. The alternation of beds with marine fossils with beds carrying only eurypterids and ceratiocarids, suggests that the Kokomo deposits may have approached those of some modern estuaries in which we have an alternation of marine and fresh-water deposits. The map, Fig. 8, shows the position and general extent of these late Siluric river systems.

When the significance of the distribution and of the occurrence of the eurypterids is given its full importance, there can no longer be any doubt that the eurypterids at no time of their known history were normally marine organisms. We cannot conceive of marine animals presenting such localized occurrences and yet having such wide distribution as a class. The question of transit seems not to have been considered by previous authors, and yet it is one of the greatest importance. If we suppose that the eurypterids lived in the Palæozoic rivers, we have furnished them with the proper milieu for individual as well as racial development. For we must not overlook the fact that when these animals make their appearance in numbers, they are already highly differentiated. To a river dweller migrations from the headwaters of one river system to those of another are easily possible, and this is the only way by which we can account for the distribution of these organisms, unless we assume migrations along continuous shore lines which is, however, negatived by the lack of remains in the shore deposits of the period in which they most abound. Furthermore, the segregation into "pools" can be accounted for only by assuming that these "pools" were fed each by its own river system. A candid and unbiased survey of the facts presented cannot but lead to the unqualified belief in the fluviatile habits of these remarkable arthropods of the Palæozoic era of the earth's history.


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lick Observatory

LICK OBSERVATORY, astronomical department of the University of California. James Lick (q.v.), by deeds made in 1874 and 1875, charged a board of trustees to expend the sum of $700,000 for the purpose of purchasing land ana constructng “a telescope superior to and more powerful than any telescope yet made. . . and also a suitable observatory. . to be made useful in promoting science.” Under the provisions of this deed a site was selected in 1876 on the summit of Mount Hamilton about 26 miles, by road, from San José, Cal. The land (about 3,000 acres) was granted at various times by the United States and by the State of California.

Astronomical observations of precision and delicacy require a steady atmosphere as well as a very transparent one, and the site chosen is favorable in both respects. This was thoroughly tested in 1879 by Prof. S. W. Burnham before any buildings were erected. The first board of trustees (D. O. Mills, president) chose as chief advisers Profs. Simon Newcomb and Edward S. Holden, and appointed Professor Holden as director. In October 1874 the latter submitted a plan for the building of the observatory and a program of work, which were accepted by the trustees, according to which the buildings were constructed and the work carried on from 1874 to 1897. The county of Santa Clara built a fine mountain road to the summit, in 1876, at a cost of $78,000. The work of construction was begun in 1880 by the third board of trustees (Capt. R. S. Floyd, president) with Thomas Fraser as superintendent. To obtain a level platform for the observatory 70,000 tons of rock were blasted from the summit. The instruments were ordered from specifications by Dr. Holden, except the object-glass of the great telescope. After a series of experiments Professor Newcomb advised the construction of a refracting telescope for the main instrument of the observatory. The glass discs were founded by Feil and Mantois of Paris and figured by Alvan G. Clark. The finished objective is 36 inches in diameter, and has a focal length of 56 feet 2 inches. Besides the visual objective, there is a third lens of 33 inches aperture. When this is placed in front of the visual objective the combination becomes a photographic object-glass of 570 inches focal length (the diameter of the photographic image of the moon is about 5.2 inches). The cost of the visual objective was $50,000, of the photographic corrector about $13,000, and of the mounting of the telescope about $45,000. The cost of the dome complete was about $85,000; of the whole observatory about $610,000. The mounting of the great telescope was made by Warner and Swasey, of Cleveland. The whole weight of iron pier and mounting is about 37 tons. The moving parts of the latter weigh about seven tons; the tube weighs nearly three tons. The

telescope is used for visual purposes, and micrometer measurements; it is also used for photographic and for spectroscopic observations. Its steel dome is 75 feet in diameter, and weighs 100 tons. It was built by the Union Iron Works of San Francisco. The floor of the dome is movable vertically (about 16½ feet), according to a plan by Sir Howard Grubb, which ensures a convenient position for the observer, no matter whether the telescope is pointing horizontally or vertically. Other instruments are a 12-inch and a 6-inch refractor, a 4-inch comet-seeker, a 6-inch meridian-circle, a 5-inch photographic telescope, a 4-inch transit, a 5-inch photoheliograph, etc.

The great telescope has been in constant use since its erection, and its optical quality has been proved to be excellent. The admirable design and construction of its mounting and dome have much facilitated its work. In 1895 Edward Crossley, M.P., of Halifax, England, presented to the observatory his 3-foot reflector, which has been a powerful auxiliary to the great refractor. The observatory constitutes the Lick Astronomical Department of the University of California. Its staff has comprised many noted observers: Messrs. Burnham, Barnard, Schaeberle, Tucker, Perrine, Hussey, Aitken, Wright and others.

The observatory was one of the very first to be located on a site specially chosen for its adaptation to astronomical work, and its success has had an important effect upon the science of practical astronomy. No one would now think of locating a great observatory without careful consideration of the site to be occupied. The mountain observatories of the world owe much to the experiments made at Mount Hamilton.

The principal objects of research have been: The visual and photographic observation of planets and satellites; the fifth satellite of Jupiter was discovered here by Barnard in 1892. A systematic search for comets has been kept up and 14 unexpected comets have been discovered — Barnard (3), Perrine (9), Coddington (1), besides a comet discovered by Schaeberle uring his observations of the solar eclipse in Chile. Many periodic comets have also been detected and observed. The orbits of new comets have always been promptly computed at the observatory and ephemerides sent out to other stations. Four asteroids were discovered by Coddington in 1898-99. Meteors have been observed and photographed, and their orbits calculated. Double stars have been assiduously observed and many new discoveries made by Burnham, Hussey and Aitken; the orbits of a considerable number of binaries have been calculated. Observations of the zodiacal light and of the aurora have been made by Barnard and others. Successful expeditions have been sent to observe all total solar eclipses since 1888, and very much has been added to our knowledge of solar physics in this way. The transit of Venus of 1882 and three transits of Mercury have been observed and photographed here. The positions of a large number of fixed stars have been determined with great precision by Tucker. Many photographs of the sun and moon have been made. The negatives of the moon have been utilized in the preparation of an atlas of the moon (scale 10 feet to the moon's

by Professor Weinek, and on a scale of three feet by Messrs. Holden and Colton. A great number of important photographs of the milky way were made here by Professor Barnard and others, and of comets and nebulæ by Keeler, Hussey, Perrine and others. A complete outfit of seismometers for recording the intensity of earthquake shocks was installed at the observatory in 1888, and it was supplemented by similar instruments at Berkeley and at other points in California and Nevada, which regularly report to Mount Hamilton. In this way the elements for seismometric record for the State were collected and regularly published. At the same time a list of all recorded shocks on the Pacific coast since 1769 was compiled and discussed by Dr. Holden. Spectroscopic observations of nebulæ, new stars, comets, stars and planets haye been made in great number and with previously unattained precision by Messrs. Keeler, Campbell, Wright, Perrine and others.

The chief problem of the great telescope is to determine the motion of the solar system by spectroscopic observations. The photography of stellar spectra was proposed in the plan of 1874 and attacked in 1888, and it has been followed with marked success, especially in the hands of Professor Campbell. Since 1896 more than 2,000 negatives of stellar spectra have been secured. A preliminary discussion by Campbell leads to the result that the solar system is moving toward a point in 277° R. A. and 20° N. D., at a speed of 19.89 kilometers (12.35 miles) per second. An expedition was sent (at the expense of D. O. Mills) to the southern hemisphere in 1903 to extend this research to southern stars.

The observatory publishes a series of octavo ‘Contributions’ (No. 1 in 1889, No. 5 in 1895), of quarto ‘Publications’ (1887 et seq.) and a quarto Bulletin since 1901 — a journal. The Astronomical Society of the Pacific, founded by Professor Holden in 1889, has close relations with the observatory, and has printed 15 octavo volumes. Visitors are freely admitted to the observatory in the day time to the number of 5,000 or more annually. On Saturday evenings visitors are admitted to look through the telescopes, and as many as 150 to 200 are frequently registered. In this way the observatory has rendered important services to popular education.


text: The Habitat of the Eurypterida/Concluding Remarks


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Page:The Habitat of the Eurypterida.djvu/265

Abhandlung d. k. k. geol. Reichsanstalt.—Abhandlung der kaiserlich-koeniglichen geologischen Reichsanstalt.

Am. Geol.—American Geologist.

Am. Jour. Sci.—American Journal of Science.

Am. Nat.—American Naturalist.

Ann. Soc. Geol. Belgique.—Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique.

Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.—Annals and Magazine of Natural History.

Archiv für d. Naturk. Liv.- Ehst.- und Kurlands.—Archiv für die Naturkunde Liv-, Ehst-, und Kurlands.

Beitr. zur. Pal. u. Geol. Oest.-Ung. u. d. Orients.—Beiträge zur Palaeontologie und Geologie Oesterreich-Ungarns und des Orients.

Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci.—British Association for the Advancement of Science.

Bull. Acad. Imp. d. Sci. St. Petersbourg.—Bulletin de l'Academie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Petersbourg.

Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.—Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.

Bull. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci.—Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences.

Bull. G. S. A.—Bulletin of the Geological Society of America.

Bull. Min. and Met. Soc. Am.—Bulletin of the Mining and Metallurgical Society of America.

Bull. Soc. Geol. France.—Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France.

Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou.—Bulletin de la Société Imperiale des Naturalists de Moscou.

Can. Nat. & Geol.—Canadian Naturalist and Geologist.

Denk. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss.—Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Geol. Mag.—Geological Magazine.

Jour. Geol.—Journal of Geology.

Mem. Acad. Imp. d. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg.—Memoires de l'Academie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Petersbourg.

Mem. Geol. Surv. United Kingdom.—Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom.

Mem. Soc. Geol. France.—Memoires de la Société Géologique de France.

Monatsber. d. d. geol. Ges.—Monatsberichte der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft.

Neues Jahr. Min. Geol. Pal.—Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie and Paläontologie.

Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci.—Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Proc. A. A. A. S.—Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Proc. Am. Phil. Soc.—Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society.


text:
Irish Vertebrate Animals: selected from the Papers of John Templeton

Art. II. Irish Vertebrate Animals: selected from the Papers of the late John Templeton, Esq., Cranmore. By Robert Templeton, Esq.

Robert Templeton 1837. Irish vertebrate animals selected from the papers of the late John Templeton Esq., ''Mag. Nat. Hist'' Volume 1: (n. s. ): 403-413, 403-413

MAMMALIA

FERAE

 * Meles (Cuv.) Taxus Flem. Nearly extinct.
 * Mustela (Linn., Cuv.) Martes Linn. Common.
 * Putorius Cuv.
 * vulgaris Gmel. Common.
 * Erminea Linn. Rare.
 * Lutra (Cuv.) vulgaris Desm. Occasionally.
 * Canis (Linn., Flem.) Lupus Linn. Extinct.
 * Vulpes (Flem.) vulgaris Flem. Not uncommon.
 * Phoca (Linn.) vitulina Linn. Common.
 * Sorex (Linn.) Araneus Linn. Common.
 * Erinaceus (Linn.) europaeus Linn. Common.

PRIMATES
 * Vespertilio (Linn., Geoff.) pipistrellus f Gmel. (Sub nomine "V. murini" in Temp. MSS.) Common.
 * Plecotus (Geoff.) auritus Linn. Common.

GLIRES
 * Mus Linn.
 * sylvaticus Linn. Common.
 * Musculus Linn. Common.
 * Rattus Linn. Occasionally : nearly extinct.
 * decumanus Pall. Common : naturalised.
 * Lepus Linn.
 * timidus Linn. var. hibernicus. Common.
 * Cuniculus Linn. Common.

UNGUICULATA
 * Cervus (Linn.) E'laphus Linn. Wild in the south and west of Ireland.

CETACEA
 * Delphinus (Linn.. Cuv.) Delphis Linn. Common.
 * Phocaeana Cuv.
 * communis. Common.
 * O'rca Fab. Common.
 * Hyperodon (Lacep.) bidens Flem. Occasionally.
 * Physeter (Linn., Lacep.)
 * Tursio Linn. Thrown ashore on the western coast occasionally.
 * Balaeana (Linn., Lacep.) Mysticetus. On the north-western coast, thrown on shore.

AVES

RAPTORES
 * A'quila Briss.
 * Chrysaetos Vig. Occasionally in the mountainous districts.
 * albicilla Briss. Common on the bold coasts.
 * Haliseaetus Meyer. Occasionally met with.
 * Falco Linn.
 * islandicus Lath. In 1803, I received a skin of this bird, which had been shot at Randalstown, county Antrim.
 * peregrinus Gmel. Common.
 * Subbuteo Linn. A rare species. I have only observed a few specimens- one was seen during the breeding season, at the rocks of Ballynascreen Mountains, in 1800 : it was noisy and bold. Another was seen in 1802, at Lough Bray Rocks, county Wicklow.
 * AE'salon Gmel. Common.
 * Tinnunculus Linn. Common.
 * A'stur (Cuv.) palumbarius Will. A specimen in Dublin Museum. Breed occasionally on the rocks at Magilligan.
 * Nisus (Cuv.) fringillarius Will. Falco Nisus Linn. Occasionally.
 * Buteo (Bechst.) vulgaris Will. Not rare.
 * Circus Bechst.
 * rufus Briss. Occasionally met with.
 * cyaneus Flem. Occasionally.
 * O'tus Cuv.
 * vulgaris Flem. Common.
 * brachyotos Flem. Occasionally met with.
 * Strix (Linn.) flammea Linn. Common.

INSESS0RES

 * Lanius (Linn.) excubitor Linn. I have met with two specimens : one was shot in the county Down, and received from R. Maxwell, Esq.; the other in the county Antrim, in 1802.
 * Muscicapa (Linn.) grisola Linn. A summer visitant : a pair built in the lime trees at Cranmore, during the months of July, 1801 and 1802.
 * Cinclus (Bechst.) aquaticus Bechst. Common.
 * Turdus Linn.
 * viscivorus Linn. Common,
 * pilaris Linn. Common,
 * musicus Linn. Common,
 * iliacus Linn. Common.
 * Merula Linn. Common,
 * torquatus Linn. Summer visitant.
 * Oriolus {Linn.) Galbula Linn. A pair shot at Donaghadre, in 1824, by Mr. J. Russell.
 * Accentor (Bechst.) modularis Cuv. Common.
 * Sylvia Lath.
 * Rubecula Lath. Common.
 * Locustella Lath. Not very uncommon during spring and summer.
 * Phragmitis Bechst. A summer visitant.
 * arundinacea Lath. I once saw in the neighbourhood of Belfast.
 * Atricapilla Lath. Rare: was seen at Cranmore, June 17. 1818, and twice since .then,
 * hortensis Lath. Bred at Cranmore, May 1820.
 * cinerea Lath. A summer visitant.
 * Trochilus Lath. Common in summer.
 * Regulus (Cuv.) aurocapillus Selb. Common.
 * Motacilla Linn.
 * alba Linn. Common.
 * Boarula Linn. Common.
 * flava Bay. A rare summer visitant, appearing commoner about Lough Neagh than elsewhere.
 * A'nthus (Bechst.) pratensis Bechst. Common.
 * Saxicola Bechst.
 * OEnanthe Bechst. A common summer visitant.
 * Rubetra Bechst. Less common than the preceding.
 * Rubicola Bechst. Common.
 * Parus Linn.
 * major Linn. Common,
 * caeruleus Linn. Common,
 * ater Linn. Common.
 * caudatus Linn. Seldom met with in the north.
 * Bombycilla (Briss.) garrula Bonap. Sometimes seen about Belfast, but more common in Tullamore Park, county Down : has been several times shot in the county Derry.
 * Alauda Linn.
 * arvensis Linn. Common.
 * arborea Linn. In particular districts, not uncommon.
 * Emberiza Linn.
 * nivalis Linn. Tolerably common,
 * miliaria Linn. Common.
 * Schoeniculus Linn. Common.
 * Citrinella Linn. Common.
 * Fringilla Cuv.
 * Coelebs Linn. Common,
 * montifringilla Linn. An occasional visitant.
 * Pyrgita Cuv.
 * domestica Linn. Common,
 * montana Linn. A doubtful native.
 * Coccothraustes (Temm.) Chloris Temm. Common.
 * Carduelis Briss.
 * communis. Not common.
 * Spinus Linn. Rare visitant.
 * Linaria Steph.
 * rubra minor Will. (Fringilla Linaria Linn.) Common.
 * Linaria (Steph.) cannabina Linn. Common.
 * montium Gmel. A winter visitant.
 * Pyrrhula Briss.
 * vulgaris Temm. Occasionally.
 * enucleator Temm. A doubtful native.
 * Loxia Briss.
 * curvirostra Linn. An occasional visitant. Several were observed at Cranmore, varying much in colour from reddish-brown to dark olive.
 * pityopsittacus Bechst. Received from Rainey Maxwell, Esq., Grenville, where it was shot, May 1 802.
 * leucoptera Gmel. Shot at Grenville, near Belfast, January 11. 1802.
 * Sturnus (Linn.) vulgaris Linn. Common.
 * Pastor (Temm.) roseus Temm. An occasional visitant.
 * Fregilus (Cuv.) Graculus Selb. Common on the rocky coasts.
 * Corvus Linn., Cuv.
 * Corax Linn. Common.
 * Comix Linn. Common.
 * frugilegus Linn. Common.
 * Monedula Linn. Common.
 * Pica (Cuv.) caudata Flem. Common.
 * Garrulus (Briss.) glandarius Flem. Exceedingly common in the midland and southern counties.

SCANSO'RES
 * Picus (Linn.) major Linn. One specimen, sent to Dr. M'Donnell from C. Derry, in August, 1802 another met with since.
 * Certhia (Linn.) familiaris Linn. Not uncommon.
 * Troglodytes (Cuv.) europaeus Selb. Common.
 * Upupa {Linn.) Epops Linn. One shot near Carrickfergus, in 1818.
 * Cuculus (Linn.) canorus Linn. Common.
 * Alcedo (Linn.) Ispida Linn. Not uncommon.
 * Hirundo Linn.
 * rustica Linn. Common.
 * urbica Linn. Common.
 * riparia Linn. Common.
 * Cypselus {Illig.) A'pus Flem. Common.
 * Caprimulgus (Linn.) europaeus Linn. Rare about Belfast, but uncommon at Mourne, county Down.

RASO'RES
 * Columba Linn.
 * Palumbus Linn. Common.
 * Livia Briss. (Rock Dove.) Common.
 * Turtur Linn. Rare. Seen at Cranmore and Shane's Castle.
 * Lagopus ( Vieill.) scoticus Temm. Common.
 * Perdix (Briss.) cinerea Briss. Common.
 * Coturnix (Briss.) vulgaris Flem. Common.

GRALLATO'RES + Note Grus cinerea Bechst. In Smith's History of Cork, it is stated that this bird was seen in the remarkable frost of 1789.
 * Charadrius Linn.
 * pluvialis Linn. Common.
 * Hiaticula Linn. Common.
 * Squatarola (Cuv.) grisea Briss. Not uncommon.
 * Vanellus (Cuv.) cristatus Mey. Common.
 * Strepsilas (Illig.) interpres Leach. An occasional visitant.
 * Calidris (Illig.) arenaria Illig. Occasional visitant.
 * Haematopus (Linn.) ostralegus Linn. Common about the shores.
 * A'rdea Linn.
 * cinerea Lath. Common.
 * Garzetta Linn. There is a specimen in the Dublin Museum, which was shot in the harbour of Cork, in 1792.
 * stellaris Linn. Occasionally met with.
 * Platalea (Linn.) Leucorodia Linn. An individual of this species was shot,some years since, at Ballydrain Lake, county Antrim.
 * Ibis (Lacep.) Falcinellus Temm. Shot in the bog meadows near Belfast,Sept. 30. 1819, by Mr. J. Dinnon.
 * Numenius Briss.
 * arquata Lath. Common.
 * phae'opus Lath. Common.
 * Totanus Bechst.
 * Calidris Bechst. Common.
 * ochropus Temm. Seen four times at Cranmore.
 * Hypoleucos Temm. Common summer visitant.
 * Glottis Bechst. An occasional visitant.
 * Limosa Briss.
 * rufa Briss. Tolerably common.
 * melanura Leisl. Rare : a winter visitant.
 * Scolopax Linn.
 * Rusticola Linn. Common.
 * Sabini Vigors. Rare.
 * major Gmel. A doubtful native.
 * Gallinago Linn. Common.
 * Gallinula Linn. Common.
 * Tringa Briss.
 * pugnax Linn. An occasional visitant. One, in the collection of the late John Montgomery, was shot at Castledawson.
 * subarquata Temm. Occasionally seen.
 * variabilis Mey. Common.
 * nigricans Montig. An occasional visitant : a rare specimen in the possession of the late John Montgomery, Esq.
 * Canutus Linn. A rare winter visitant.
 * Phalaropus (Briss.) lobatus Flem. A rare winter visitant.
 * Rallus (Linn.) aquaticus Linn. Common.
 * Crex Bechst.
 * pratensis Bechst. Common.
 * Porzana Selb. A few specimens have been met with.
 * Gallinula (Lath.) chloropus Lath. Common.
 * Fulica (Linn.) atra Linn. Common.

NATATO'RES
 * A'nser Briss.
 * segetum Steph. Shot in the bog meadows near Belfast in the winter of 1801.
 * albifrons Steph. In large flocks during our very severe winters.
 * leucopsis Bechst. Common.
 * torquatus Frisch. Common.
 * Cygnus {Mey.) ferus Ray. Met with occasionally about the Lough.
 * Tadorna (Leach.) Bellonii Steph. Occasionally met with.
 * A'nas Linn.
 * clypeata Linn. Occasionally.
 * acuta Linn. Occasionally.
 * A'nas (Linn.') Boschas Linn. Common.
 * Crecca Linn. Common.
 * Mareca (Steph.) Penelope Selb. Common.
 * Oidemia (Flem.) nigra Flem. An occasional visitant. In the Dublin Museum, there is a specimen from Waterford.
 * Fuligula Ray.
 * ferina Steph. Occasionally.
 * marila Steph. Common.
 * cristata Steph. Not uncommon.
 * Clangula (Flem.) chrysophthalmus Steph. Not uncommon,
 * Mergus Linn.
 * Merganser Linn. Common.
 * Serrator Linn. Not rare.
 * Podiceps Lath.
 * rubricollis Lath. A specimen caught in the spring of 1797 at Bearsbridge,county Down.
 * auritus Lath. Not very common.
 * minor Lath. Common.
 * Colymbus (Linn.) glacialis Linn. Not uncommon.
 * U'ria Briss.
 * Troile Lath. Common in Belfast Lough.
 * Grylle Common.
 * ratercula (Briss.)
 * arctica Steph. Not uncommon.
 * F'lca (Linn.) Torda Linn. Common.
 * A alacrocorax (Briss.) Carbo Steph. Common.
 * Pha (Briss.) Bassana Briss. Common.
 * Sulna Linn.
 * Ster Dougallii Mont. A specimen shot in Belfast Lough.
 * Hirundo Linn. Common.
 * minuta Linn. Several years ago, I observed a single pair in Belfast Lough, in a tour round the shores, at Lecale, on the 5th and 6th of June, 1810. They appeared on the shore as common as S.hirundo ; their note sharper and more tremulous than that of the latter
 * Larus Linn.
 * Sabini Sab., sub nomine " minutus " in Temp. MSS.
 * ridibundus Linn. Common.
 * tridactylus Lath.
 * canusto. Common.
 * argentatus Brunn. Common.
 * fuscus Linn. Not so common as the preceding.
 * marinus Linn. Occasionally.
 * Lestris (Illig.) parasiticus Temm. Occasionally.
 * Procellaria (Linn.) pelagica Linn. Common.

REPTILIA

SAU'RIA

 * Lacerta(Cuv.)agilis Flem. Common.

BATRICHIA

 * Rana (Laurent) temporaria Linn. Common.
 * Triton Laurent. -
 * palustris Flem. Common.
 * aquaticus Flem. Common.
 * vulgaris Flem. Not uncommon.

PISCES

O'SSEI

ACANTHOPTERY'GII.

 * Perca (Linn., Cuv.) fluviatilis Linn. Common.
 * Labrax (Cuv.) Lupus Cuv. First noticed as Irish by Dr. Brown. It is caught in Belfast Bay.
 * Trigla Linn.
 * Hirundo BL, sub nomine "laevis" Not uncommon along the coast,and brought to the markets along with haddock.
 * Lyra Linn. Taken with the hook on our coast, but in no great numbers.
 * Gurnardus Linn. Very numerous during the summer and autumnal months.
 * Cuculus Bl. Occasionally.
 * Cottus (Linn.) Scorpius Bl. Not uncommon in small bays, where much fucus abounds; but not exceeding 9 in. or 10 in. They are very wary, permitting the hand to approach them within a couple of inches, before they quit their station on the rock, but then darting away with inconceivable velocity.
 * Aspidophorus (Lacep.) cataphractus Linn. The only specimen which I have known of this, caught on our shores, was received by Dr. M'Donnell of Belfast, from Carnalloc Bay, and presented by him to Dr. James Drummond.
 * Gasterosteus Linn., Cuv.
 * aculeatus Linn. Common,
 * pungitius Linn. Rare.
 * Spinachia (Flem.) vulgaris Flem. Not uncommon.
 * Sparus (Linn., Cuv.) auratus Linn. Often taken during the summer and autumnal months, principally when currents sweep along the rocky shore.
 * Scomber (Linn., Cuv.) Scombrus Linn. Common.
 * Caranx (Cuv.) trachurus Lacep. Not common on the coast.
 * Zeus (Linn.) Faber Linn. A few individuals are caught, from time to time, on our coasts.
 * Lampris (Retz.) luna Risso. Only one specimen of this fish has been noticed as occurring on our shores at Magilligan, county Derry.
 * Mugil (Linn.) cephalus Cuv, Common.
 * Atherina {Linn.) Presbyter Cuv. On the coast of Ireland, it is caught in abundance during the spring months. It is brought from Portaferry into Belfast market.
 * Blennius Linn., Cuv.
 * guttorugine Mont. On the 22d of June, 1811, I received this little fish from Mr. M'Skimmin, who informed me he had procured it from the lobster traps by the Carrickfergus fishermen, who declared it was never taken but when the traps laid in 12 or 14 fathoms water.
 * Pholis Linn. Very common in the little pools in the rocks along the shores.
 * Gunnellus (Flem.) vulgaris Flem. Occasionally.
 * Zoarces (Cuv.) viviparus Linn. One specimen found on the coast of Down, near Donaghadee.
 * Anarhichas (Linn.) Lupus Linn. On the coast of Ireland, this fish does not seem to be common, as it is not mentioned by Drs. Brown or Smith,in their county histories ; it is, however, sometimes met with in Belfastmarket, most probably caught by the Carrickfergus fishermen in the bay.
 * Gobius Linn.
 * niger Linn. A mutilated specimen on the shore of Belfast Lough, near Rockport.
 * minutus Pall. Several specimens, but not of greater length than 2 in.; stated to be common on the sandy shores, lodging under large shells when the tide is out.
 * Callionymus {Linn.) Lyra Linn. A fine specimen was caught in the bay by the Carrickfergus fishermen, and was in possession of the late J. Miller, Esq. A female was found in the belly of a cod-fish, in 1821.
 * Lophius (Linn.) piscatorius Linn. Seldom found of greater length than 4 ft. ; not uncommon on the coast.
 * Labrus Linn.
 * maculatus ? Bl. Tinea of Shaw, is common, and considered of the same species as the L. Balanus of Pennant, which occurs along with it, but not in the same numbers. They haunt the rocky parts of the coast, and live on the smaller Crustacea and Mollusca.
 * variegatus Gmel. Both the specimens of this beautiful fish were caught in Strangford Lough.

MALACOPTERY'GII

 * Cyprinus (Linn., Cuv.) Carpio Linn. Naturalised.
 * Gobio (Cuv.) fluviatilis Will., Flem. These fish first appeared in the river Lagan in 1801, having ascended the canal from Lough Neagh, where they have been inhabitants perhaps for centuries.
 * Tinea (Cuv.) vulgaris Flem. Although sometimes taken in our rivers, I have every reason to believe it a naturalised species.
 * Abramis (Cuv.) Brama Linn. A great number of the Irish lakes produce this fish. In Lough Erne they are particularly abundant
 * Leuciscus (Klein.) erythropthalmus Linn. Exceedingly common in the north of Ireland, where it is mistaken for the roach.
 * E'sox (Cuv.) Lucius Linn. Common.
 * Belone (Cuv.) vulgaris Flem. Common.
 * Scomberesox (Lacep.) Saurus Flem. This curious and rare fish appears to visit the coast of Ireland very seldom ; for, notwithstanding all my enquiries about the natives of our coast, I was never able to procure a specimen, until one was caught near the Long Bridge, Belfast, and brought to me in 1820.
 * Salmo Linn., Cuv.
 * Salar Linn. Common.
 * Trutta Linn. Common.
 * Fario Linn. Common.
 * Salmulus Ray. Not uncommon.
 * alpinus Don. Char. Lough Neagh. See Dubourdieu's Antrim, where this fish is figured and described by Mr. Templeton- W. T. In a lake in the county Donegal, near Dunfanaghy, I observed some boys catching small char with lines and hooks, baited with common earth-worms. In Lough Neagh, however, where they are found in the greatest plenty, and of the largest size (sometimes reaching to the length of 15 in.), I have never heard of any being taken with a hook ; and, indeed, in this lake the manners of these fish correspond exactly with those of the gilt char of Winandermere.f The Lough Neagh whiting (the name by which it is there known) is taken from the end of September to the middle of November. In Lough Esk, in the county Monaghan, I have known them caught agreeing exactly in their colour with those of Lough Neagh.
 * O'smerus (Arted.) Eperlanus Flem., the smelt, is sometimes taken on our coasts in considerable abundance ; but, often, several years intervene during which they are rarely to be met with.
 * Corregonus (Cuv.) Pollan Thomps. Sub nomine " Lavaretus" in Temp.MSS.
 * Clupea Linn. Cuv.
 * Harengus Linn. Native.
 * Sprattus Bl. They appear, during the autumnal months, in the bays, and as far up the rivers as the tide flows, in considerable quantities.
 * Pilchardus Bl. Seems very local, being nearly confined to the south coast, especially about Cork, where the principal fishery is.
 * Gadus Linn.
 * Moorhua Linn. Plentiful.
 * OEglefinus Linn. Common.
 * luscus Linn. The first specimen of this fish was found in Belfast market, by Dr. M'Gee, March 20. 1812. A great number were taken by the Carrickfergus fishermen in the autumn of 1822.
 * Merlangus Cuv.
 * vulgaris Flem. Common.
 * Pollachius Linn. Not uncommon.
 * carbonarius Linn. In every bay along the northern coast the young of this species are caught during the summer months. The mature,in the market, usually above 2 ft. long, are only bought by the poor.
 * Merluccius (Cuv.) vulgaris Flem. Not uncommon.
 * Lota (Cuv.) Molva Linn. Very common.
 * Motella Cuv.
 * Mustella Linn. The first specimen I met with was shown to me by Mr. M'Skimmin of Carrickfergus. Several have been met with since.
 * tricirrhatus Don. The largest specimen I have seen was in Belfast market, November, 1801, about 18 in. long : it is very rare.
 * Phycis (Artedi) furcatus Flem. On the 24th of January, 1812, I found a specimen of this rare fish among haddock : it was one of the largest size, being about 20 in. long.
 * Platessa Cuv.
 * vulgaris Flem. Extremely common,
 * flesus Flem. Common.
 * Limanda Flem. A rare fish in Ireland.
 * microcephalia Flem. The specimens which have been seen by me agree exactly with the figure and description of Pennant, but in no respect with that given by Donovan. It is rare on the coast.
 * Hippoglossus (Cuv.) vulgaris Flem. This is generally taken on our coast on the hooks which are set for cod-fish, baited with the animal of Buccinum undatum ; but they never appeared to be caught on the coast of Ireland in such abundance as to induce the establishment of a regular fishery.
 * Pleuronectes Flem.
 * maximus Linn. Plentifully along the northern coast.
 * Rhombus Linn. More common than the preceding; on the sandy banks all round the coast,
 * megastoma Don. Although not common, several specimens have been met with.
 * Solea (Cuv.) vulgaris Flem. Common.
 * Lepadogaster (Gouan) bimaculatus Flem. Two specimens found in a dredge, August, 1811.
 * Cyclopterus (Linn.) lumpus Linn. Not very common.
 * Liparis (Artedi) Montagui Don. Of this I found an individual adhering to a plant of Fucus serratus in a pool on the shore of Carrickfergus Bay, about two miles below the castle, on the 1st of April, 1807."(Temp. MSS.) This note appears at the foot of the page containing a drawing, made by the late Mr. Templeton, of the fish it alludes to, which was considered by him as distinct from L. vulgaris, though he had not determined its species. The drawing having been submitted to me by my friend Robert Templeton, Esq., I have no hesitation in considering it the L. Montagui.- W. Thompson. Belfast, Nov. 1836.
 * Anguilla (Cuv.) acutirostris Yarr. is the common eel of the rivers about Belfast. From the observations I have been able to make, I am led to conclude that the eel deviates not from the mode by which fishes in general produce their young. Towards the month of October, both the milk and the roe may be found in eels ; and why should it, therefore, be supposed that this spawn is not deposited as the spawn of other fishes.Great numbers of eels, inhabiting the shallow watery mud on the shore of Belfast Lough, were killed during a severe winter.. . Eels maybe caught at all seasons in the fresh water, though not, perhaps, with a bait. On the 14th of January, 1803, the Lagan Canal, at Lambeg Bridge, having the water nearly runoff, and ice half an inch thick, and perfectly transparent, covering the surface, I observed many eels, which had been disturbed by the falling of the water, moving about, both under the ice and when its breaking had uncovered the water :some were 2 ft. long, others 18 in., and many smaller. . . . The largest eel I have known to be caught was got at a lough near Ballygowan, county Down. Judging from its skin, which I saw on the 5th of August, 1807, I think that this eel must have been about 5 ft. long. In the time of watering flax, I have often observed eels leave their watery residence, and run through the grass, in all probability in search of purer water. . . . There are three varieties of the eel : one sharp-nosed, brownish yellow, with yellowish white belly; one bluntnosed, black, with silvery white belly ; and one more like the last, but differing from both, found occasionally in the Bann.
 * Conger Cuv. vulgaris. Common. Several years ago, a vessel was wrecked on the coast of Rathlin, laden with salt herrings. The congers ate voraciously of the salt fish, and great numbers died, and were washed on shore, after this unlucky feast, for several days.
 * Ophidium imberbe. The only specimen I have observed was thrown on the shore of Belfast Lough, near Whitehouse Point, on January 9 1809. It was a large specimen, not less than 1 ft. long, and agreed so exactly with the figure in the British Zoology, and differed so much from that of Mr. Montagu (Wern. Trans., p. 95. pi. 4. § 2.), that I am led to believe there are two distinct species, of which Pennant has described the one, and Montagu the other.
 * Ammodytes (Linn.) lancea Cuv. Inhabits all our sandy shores over which the tide flows with a swift current.

LOPHOBRA'NCHII

 * Syngnathus Cuv.
 * A' cus Linn. Rather a scarce fish, although found on both the southern and northern extremities of the island. Seem to breed in spring, as those caught at that time have the ovaries exposed to view.
 * Syngnathus barbarus Linn., Penn. I have seen three specimens.
 * Ophidion Linn. Caught in Belfast Lough.

PLECTOGNA'THII

 * Tetrodon {Linn.) stellatus Don. The only specimen I have known to be found on the shores of Ireland was seen on the Tramore Strand, county Waterford, by Dr. Gabriel Stokes ; and it appears only two have been detected in England, so that this fish can hardly be considered a native of our seas.
 * Orthagoriscus (Schn.) Mola Flem. A very doubtful native,

CARTILAGI'NEI

ELEUTHEROPO'MI

 * Accipenser (Linn.) Sturio Linn. Occasionally, in the rivers of Ireland, a few are taken.
 * Scyllium Cuv.
 * Catulus Linn. Not uncommon.
 * stellare Linn. Occasionally
 * Carcharias (Cuv.) Vulpes Gmel Rare on the coast, but occasionally seen about the Copeland Isles.
 * Lamna {Cuv.) cornubica Gmel., Don. A specimen caught in Belfast Lough.
 * Galeus (Cuv.) vulgaris Flem. A specimen, 5 ft. long, caught in Belfast Lough.
 * Mustelus (Cuv.) laevis Will., Flem. Sometimes caught in Carrickfergus Bay, by the fishermen, who denominate it stinkard, from its unpleasant effluvium.
 * Selache (Cuv.) maximus Linn, Taken in considerable numbers off the coast of Connemara.
 * Spinax (Cuv.) Acanthias Linn. Eaten by the poorest fishermen, when other fish are scarce,
 * Squatina (Dum.) A'ngelus Cuv. Often taken by the fishermen.
 * Torpedo (Dum.) vulgaris Flem. First noticed by Dr. Smith as Irish. I have known of a few specimens caught since his time. (Temp. MSS.)
 * Raia Cuv.
 * Batis Linn. Common.
 * rubus Bl. Not uncommon in Belfast Lough.
 * clavata Linn. In almost every sandy bay on our coast
 * Pastinaca Linn. Occasionally on the coast

CYCLO'STOMI

 * Petromyzon Lew.
 * marinus Linn. Found in many Irish rivers of 4 or 5 lb. weight,
 * fluviatilis Linn, Not plentiful in Irish rivers.
 * Ammocoetes (Dum.) branchialis Flem. An inhabitant of the rivulets of Ireland ; often observed, about the month of May, in the small rivers about Belfast, on the gravelly fords, where five or six appear to unite their efforts to excavate a place wherein to deposit their eggs.
 * Myxine (Linn.) glutinosa Linn. Has been found at Carrickfergus.


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Page:The Habitat of the Eurypterida.djvu/266

 Q. J. G. S.—Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London.

Smiths. Misc. Coll.—Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.

Trans. Edin. Geol. Soc.—Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society.

Trans. Geol. Soc. Penn.—Transactions of the Geological Society of Pennsylvania.

Trans. G. S. Lon.—Transactions of the Geological Society of London.

Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci.—Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences.

Trans. Roy. Soc. Can.—Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada.

Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin.—Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

Verh. d. Russ.-kais. min. Gesell. St. Petersburg.—Verhandlungen der russisch-kaiserlichen mineralogischen Gesellschaft zu St. Petersburg.

Zeit. d. d. geol. Gesell.—Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft.


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text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lewis, Dio

LEWIS, Dio, American physician and author: b. Auburn, N. Y., 3 March 1823; d. Yonkers, N. Y., 21 May 1886. He studied at the Harvard Medical School, and practised for a time at Port Byron and at Buffalo, N. Y., publishing at Buffalo a monthly periodical with hygienic aims. He became widely known by his writing in advocacy of a system of higher gymnastics, and finally established a school in Boston in which teachers were trained in his new exercises; and a school for young ladies was also founded at Lexington, Mass., which was destroyed by fire in 1868. About 1883 he removed to New York. He wrote many articles for magazines, and his more extended works include ‘The New Gymnastics’ (1862); ‘Weak Lungs and How to Make them Strong’ (1863); ‘Talks About People's Stomachs’ (1870); ‘Our Girls’ (1871); ‘Chats with Young Women’ (1871); ‘Chastity’ (1872); ‘Gypsies’ (1881), and ‘In a Nutshell’ (1883).


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 {| Paléontologie. N. Y. State Mus. 48th Ann. Report of the Regents, 1894, Vol. II, pp. 129–215, especially pp. 197–202.
 * - valign="top"
 * width="40px" align="right" | 12. || width="40px" align="right" | 1872. || Crustacés Divers et Poissons des Depôts Siluriens de la Bohême.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 13. || align="right" | 1872. || Systéme Silurien du Centre de la Bohême. Premiere Partie—Supplément au Vol. I, Trilobites, Crustacés divers et Poissons.
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 14. || align="right" | 1906. || Relative Geological Importance of Continental, Littoral, and Marine Sedimentation. Jour. Geol., Vol. XIV, pp. 316–356.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 15. || align="right" | 1908. || Relations between Climate and Terrestrial deposits. Jour. Geol. Vol. XVI, pp. 159–190, 255–296, 363–384.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 16. || align="right" | 1916. || The Influence of Silurian and Devonian Climates on the Rise of the Air-breathing Vertebrates. Ms. for Bull. G. S. A. Vol. XXVI. (Ms. in press).
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 17. || align="right" | 1916. || Dominantly Fluviatile Origin of the Old Red Sandstone. Ms. for Bull. G. S. A. Vol. XXVI (Ms. in press.)
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 18. || align="right" | 1900. || Restoration of Stylonurus lacoanus, a Giant Arthropod from the Upper Devonian of the United States. Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. X, ser. 4, pp. 145–150, 1 pl.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 19. || align="right" | 1901. || Discovery of Eurypterid Remains in the Cambrian of Missouri. Ibid., Vol. XII, pp. 364–366.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 20. || align="right" | 1901. || Note on the Cambrian Fossils of St. François County, Missouri, Ibid., pp. 362–363.
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 21. || align="right" | 1916. || The Significance of Submarine Slumping with Special Reference to the North American Palaeozoic. Ms.
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 22. || align="right" | 1895. || The Principles of Palaeontology. Extracted from Éléments de
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 23. || align="right" | 1845. || History of Fossil Insects in the Secondary Rocks of England. Introduction, p. xvii; pp. 105, 115, pl. 1, Fig. 11.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 24. || align="right" | 1869. || On the Occurrence of Remains of Eurypterus and Pterygotus in the Upper Silurian Rocks in Herefordshire. Q. J. G. S. Vol. XXV, pp. 235–237.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 25. || align="right" | 1871. || On the 'Passage Beds' in the Neighborhood of Woolhope, Herefordshire, and on the Discovery of a New Species of Eurypterus, and Some new Land-plants in them. Geol. Mag. Vol. VIII, pp. 230, 231.
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 26. || align="right" | 1837. || Lethea Geognostica. 2te Auflage, Bd. I, pp. 107–110, t. IX, figs. 1, 2.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 27. || colspan="2" style="padding-left:48px; text-indent:-39px" | 1866–1879. Die Klassen und Ordnung des Thier-Reichs, Die Klasnen und Ordnung der Arthropoden, 5 te Bd. Abtheilung Crustacea, by A. Gerstaecken, pp. 1136–1142, t. XXXV, figs. 12–16, t. XLIII, figs. 1–4.
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 28. || colspan="2" style="padding-left:48px; text-indent:-39px" | 1850–1856. Lethea Geognostica, pl. IX, figs. 1, 2; pl. IX3 3te Auflage, Vol. II, p. 666, pl. IX, fig. I.
 * }


text:
Executive Order 12106

By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by Section 9 of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1978, in order to effectuate the transfer of certain functions relating to the enforcement of equal employment programs, and in order to make certain technical amendments in other Orders to reflect this transfer of functions, it is hereby ordered as follows:

 1 - 101.  The transfer to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission of certain functions of the Civil Service Commission, relating to enforcement of equal employment opportunity programs as provided by Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1978, shall be effective on January 1, 1979.

 1 - 102.  Executive Order No. 11478, as amended, is further amended by deleting the preamble, by substituting “national origin, handicap, or age” for “or national origin” in the first sentence of Section 1, and revising Sections 3, 4, and 5 to read as follows:

 1 - 103.  Executive Order No. 11022, as amended, is further amended by revising Section 1(b) to read as follows:

 1 - 104.  Executive Order No. 11480 of September 9, 1969, is amended by deleting “and the Chairman of the United States Civil Service Commission” in Section 4 and substituting therefor “Director of the Office of Personnel Management, and the Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission”.

1 - 105.  Executive Order No. 11830 of January 9, 1975, is amended by deleting Section 2 and revising Section 1 to read as follows:

“In accord with Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 791) and Section 4 of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1978, the Interagency Committee on Handicapped Employees is enlarged and composed of the following, or their designees whose positions are Executive level IV or higher:

1 - 106.  This Order shall be effective on January 1, 1979.

, December 28, 1978. [FR Doc. 79–XXXXX Filed 1–3–79; 8:45 am]
 Billing Code 3195–01–P

title: Executive Order 12106


text: Index:A history concerning the pension claim of Harriet Tubman.djvu


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Page:The Habitat of the Eurypterida.djvu/268

 {|
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * width="40px" align="right" | 29. || width="40px" align="right" | 1870. || On the Silurian Rocks of the Pentland Hills. Trans. Edin. Geol. Soc. Vol. I, pp. 23–33, 266–272, pl. VIII, sections 1, 2.
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 30. || align="right" | 1837. || Geology and Mineralogy, etc. (one of the Bridgewater Treatises). Vol. I, p. 396; Vol. II, p. 77, pl. 46, fig. 3.
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 31. || align="right" | 1843. || Die Organization der Trilobiten, pp. 61, 62.
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 32. || align="right" | 1900. || On the Habitat of the Early Vertebrates. Jour. Geol. Vol. VIII, pp. 400–412.
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 33. || align="right" | 1907. || Textbook of Geology, Vol. II.
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 34. || align="right" | 1901. || New York State Palaeontologist Report.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 35. || align="right" | 1907. || Monograph on the Eurypterida (abstract). New York State Museum Report 121, pp. 43, 44.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 36. || align="right" | 1907. || The Eurypterus Shales of the Shawangunk Mountains in Eastern New York. New York State Museum Bulletin 107, pp. 295–310.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 37. || align="right" | 1911. || Relation of the Palaeozoic Arthropods to the Strand Line. Bull. G. S. A., Vol. XXII, No. 2, July, pp. 280, 281.
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 38. || align="right" | 1911. || Introduction to the Monograph on Eurypterida. 1910 Report of the Director, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 149, p. 31.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 39. || align="right" | 1912. || The Eurypterida of New York. Memoir New York State Museum 14, 2 vols.
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 40. || align="right" | 1884. || Note on a large Crustacean from the Catskill Group of Pennsylvania. Am. Phil. Soc. Proc., Vol. XXI, pp. 236–239, pl.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 41. || align="right" | 1885. || On Some Fish Remains Recently Discovered in the Silurian Rocks of Pennsylvania. A. A. A. S. Proc., Vol. XXXIII, pt. I, pp. 424–428.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 42. || align="right" | 1890. || Correspondence from Akron, Ohio, Sept. 1, Am. Geol., Vol. VI, pp. 258–260, 400.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 43. || align="right" | 1894. || A New Species of Carcinosoma. Am. Geol., Vol. XIII, pp. 77–79.
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 44. || align="right" | 1841. || Fifth Annual Report on the Palaeontology of the State of New York, p. 38.
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 45. || align="right" | 1912. || Geology of the North American Cordillera at the 49th Parallel. Canada Department of Mines, Mem. No. 38. (Especially pp. 185–191.)
 * - valign="top"
 * colspan="3" |
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 46. || align="right" | 1881. || Geologische Reisenotizen aus Schweden. Zeit. d. d. g. Gesell. Bd. XXXIII, pp. 405–441.
 * - valign="top"
 * align="right" | 47. || align="right" | 1890. || Die Schichtenfolge der Silurbildungen. Gotlands und ihre Beziehungen zu den obersilurischen Geschieben Norddeutschlands. Sitzungsber. d. Berlin Akad. Bd. XLII, pp. 1111–1129.
 * }


text: The Habitat of the Eurypterida/Bibliography


text: Index:United States Statutes at Large Volume 103 Part 1.djvu


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Page:Narrative of an Official Visit to Guatemala.djvu/56

36 Mexico, but owing to some, now inexplicable, cause, were lodged for a night at this inn, two or three centuries ago, and have never yet got farther on the route of their original destination. The shed in front of the house being previously occupied by the other travellers, my baggage was disposed in two parallel lines in the road, and, in the middle of this, at one end, was placed my bed: two of the muleteers being stretched on the ground, at the other end, and my servants disposed of as they thought proper; for I had so much doubt of their honesty as to induce me to believe myself as safe without, as with, their protection. In this exposed state, I took the precaution, in addition to my pistols, to put my sword in the bed with me, and, to save trouble against an opportunity when trouble might be most conveniently spared, I laid it by me ready drawn.

Thursday, 28th, by ten o'clock, we had travelled six leagues, and had a good Spanish breakfast at Dos Caminos, at the house


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lewis, Edmonia

LEWIS, Edmonia, American sculptor: b. New York, 4 July 1845. She is of negro and Indian parentage. With slight instruction in sculpture she developed a talent for that art, and came into notice in 1865 through the exhibition of her first known work, a bust of Col. Robert Gould Shaw, in Boston. That year she went to Rome to study, and there she soon afterward established permanent residence. Her works include ‘The Freedwoman’; ‘The

Death of Cleopatra’ (1876), exhibited at the Philadelphia Exposition; ‘The Marriage of Hiawatha’; ‘The Old Arrow-Maker and his Daughter’; ‘Asleep’; ‘Madonna with the Infant Christ,’ and many portrait busts, among them those of Lincoln, Longfellow, Sumner and John Brown. Most of her work is in Europe.


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CH. III.] of a widow, with two handsome daughters, about eighteen and nineteen years of age. They furnished us with chocolate, broiled fowl, stewed frixoles, or beans, and some dainty slices from a pig which they had just killed. Don Mateo, who was in the habit of travelling this country, seemed to be admitted to all the little indulgences and familiarities with these young damsels which a traveller to Birmingham from St. Mary Axe has indisputable claim to from all the spruce bar-maids on the road. He chucked one under the chin, began waltzing with the other, cracked his jokes with both, and, as he sat upon the table, kicking his legs and smoking his puro (cigar), he seemed, at every whiff, to forget the golden ounces of which he had been plundered, and to be no bad picture of that reasonable kind of being who is disposed to take the world as he finds it.

After travelling six leagues through a picturesque country, and the greater part of the road being over a fine turf, we


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38 at an Indian village called Tierra Colorada. The house we put up at was a dismal contrast to the one we had left in the morning. The mother was dirty and decrepit; two or three miserable ill-formed children, all of them affected with the gôitre, or swelled neck, and one child which was dumb and idiotish, were the inmates of this afflicted abode. I do not know how it was, but the latter of these objects, a little girl of five years old, was the only one I could endure to look at, or of whose services I could bear to accept. The child discovered my preference, and called forth all its vigour to do justice to my partiality. I made signs for what I wanted, and rewarded it with small pieces of money as my commissions were severally executed. Sometimes it would stand puzzling and perplexing itself for a moment, and then run off to do my bidding, with an alacrity and energy exceeding its tender years.

By eleven o'clock the next morning we had reached a spot called Alto Cameron, with a solitary house on the side of a steep


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lewis, Estelle Anna Blanche

LEWIS, Estelle Anna Blanche , American dramatist: b. near Baltimore, Md., April 1824; d. London, 24 Nov. 1880. While a schoolgirl she made a verse-rendering of the ‘Æneid’ into English; wrote ‘Forsaken’ and published ‘Records of the Heart’ (1844). Her best dramatic work, ‘Sappho of Lesbos’ (1868), a tragedy, ran through seven editions, was translated into modern Greek, and played at Athens. Edgar A. Poe spoke of her as the rival of Sappho; Lamartine called her the “female Petrarch.” Others of her works are ‘The Child of the Sea, and Other Poems’ (1848); ‘The Myths of the Minstrel’ (1852); ‘Poems’ (1866), and ‘ The King's Stratagem’ (1869), a tragedy.


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Page:Narrative of an Official Visit to Guatemala.djvu/59

CH. III.] conical hill. It was composed of one good sized apartment built of reeds, and two others detached, one serving as the kitchen, the other as the bed-room: the family, which was very large, consisted of two sons, and five daughters. One of them had been lately married, and the four others, all marriageable, were likely to follow the example, for they were very comely, and had each got a lover. There were two swinging cots in the front apartment, one formed of open mat-work, the other of string-net. A recumbent posture being the most desirable, and this couch admitting on all sides the free circulation of the air, there is hardly a hut, however mean, that has not this accommodation: it is generally occupied by the elder branches of the family; but as there are no seats of any kind, it is always tenanted by some portion of the inmates. The usual method of availing yourself of this indulgence, on arriving at any of these simple hospitable abodes, is to untie your leggings or stamped leather boots of the country,


text: Author:Andrew Alexander Blair

title: Author:Andrew Alexander Blair


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40 generally to take off your jacket, either woollen or cotton, and having lighted a cigar, to put yourself in full swing, smoking and swinging till you fall asleep. I had gone through all but the latter part of this ceremony on the present occasion. Whilst the girls were preparing the repast, Don Mateo was keeping up his traveller's privilege; he seemed to be free of the kitchen, and shewed his good nature by helping them in their culinary offices, which they appeared to acknowledge with hilarity; indeed, my ears were, every now and then, assailed with such bursts of laughter and good humour, as to make it impossible for me to sleep.

Don Mateo was a handsome well-made man, about forty-two years of age, and five feet eight in height, with remarkably piercing black eyes and dark olive complexion: his nose was aquiline, and his beard and hair, which were black and curling, were slightly tinged with white: he had entered his autumnal quarter, but had all the raciness of spring in his habits and


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Page:Collodi - The Story of a Puppet, translation Murray, 1892.djvu/15

 was all my imagination. Let us set to work again.'

And taking up the axe he struck a tremendous blow on the piece of wood.

'Oh! oh! you have hurt me!' cried the same little voice dolefully.

This time Master Cherry was petrified. His eyes started out of his head with fright, his mouth remained open, and his tongue hung out almost to the end of his chin, like a mask on a fountain. As soon as he had recovered the use of his speech, he began to say, stuttering and trembling with fear:

'But where on earth can that little voice have come from that said Oh! oh!? . . . Here there is certainly not a living soul. Is it possible that this piece of wood can have learnt to cry and to lament like a child? I cannot believe it. This piece of wood, here it is; a log for fuel like all the others, and thrown on the fire it would about suffice to boil a saucepan of beans. . . . How then? Can any one be hidden inside it? If any one is hidden inside, so much the worse for him. I will settle him at once.'

So saying, he seized the poor piece of wood and commenced beating it without mercy against the walls of the room.

Then he stopped to listen if he could hear any little voice lamenting. He waited two minutes—nothing; five minutes—nothing; ten minutes—still nothing!


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 'I see how it is,' he then said, forcing himself to laugh and pushing up his wig; 'evidently the little voice that said Oh! oh! was all my imagination! Let us set to work again.'

But as all the same he was in a great fright, he tried to sing to give himself a little courage.

Putting the axe aside he took his plane, to plane and polish the bit of wood; but whilst he was running it up and down he heard the same little voice say, laughing:

'Have done! you are tickling me all over!'

This time poor Master Cherry fell down as if he had been struck by lightning. When he at last opened his eyes he found himself seated on the floor.

His face was quite changed, even the end of his nose, instead of being crimson, as it was nearly always, had become blue from fright.


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that moment some one knocked at the door.

'Come in,' said the carpenter, without having the strength to rise to his feet.

A lively little old man immediately walked into the shop. His name was Geppetto, but when the boys of the neighbourhood wished to put him in a passion they called him by the nickname of Polendina, because


text: Author:Arthur Coe Spencer

title: Author:Arthur Coe Spencer


text:
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CH. III.] : this accounts for his making himself so agreeable with the softer sex; who generally prefer a man of maturer years, with a pleasing cheerful address, to an insipid young one. The breakfast proved quite as good as that we had the day before, at Dos Caminos.

Before we had departed, the father of this happy family came home, with one of his sons. He was a master muleteer by profession, and was considered passing rich. Many of the Mexican Creoles owe their fortunes and respectability to the same origin; and, indeed, there is hardly any safer or more certainly lucrative calling that can be followed in the country, particularly when, as in this instance, the proprietor is also the chief conductor of the business.

The family of General Guerrero, to whose military personal prowess the independence of Mexico is, perhaps, more owing than to that of any other individual in the republic, owed their fortunes to the


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42 large requas, or droves of mules which they employed in this carrying trade.

At Dos Arroyos, we put up at a peon's, or day-labourer's house. He had just returned home in the evening to partake the domestic comforts prepared for him by a tidy young wife and three little children. As he was my humble host, I invited him to be my friendly guest. His ideas of political economy and regal governments were strikingly limited. With regard to the former, all that he knew was that, under the old régime, he used to pay eight dollars for the shirt which now cost him but two, and that the mita, or capitation tax, he no longer paid at all: but, when I told him that there were other kings greater than the king of Spain, he shook his head with a doubtful air: to be sure, he had lately heard something of the English, that they were very clever people, and could find out gold and silver in the mines which the Spaniards had given up as exhausted; but then


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6 club together temporarily to buy eggs and rear the grubs, distributing one family among the homes of the rest, and devoting one entire house to the shelving and trays for the feeding of the myriads of silk-spinners. Horses and carriages are also held in shares, as are ships in England, especially amongst relatives. Family circles are often large, and clannish to an inconvenient extent. One is recommended to make a purchase, for instance, of a shopkeeper or merchant. It is pretty certain you are recommended to a near relation of your friend, who has lOO or 150 uncles and cousins ready to do anything for you — for a consideration — and probably for your friend too. One schoolmaster in a certain village has actually at least 150 near relatives, and the school is largely composed of the younger ones, who would be withdrawn should he be dismissed. The peasantry live in stone houses with flat earthen roofs, mended with fresh layers of mud from time to time, and carefully rolled with a stone roller, kept always at hand. These roofs are often merry-making places on summer evenings, when pipe and drum keep up for hours the sound which is so peculiarly trying to European nerves. They are to the natives what courtyards are to us, and when crops are drying are covered with peas, beans, flax, pine-cones, or what not. In all but the very poorest houses is a Leewān, or reception room, beyond which a stranger is seldom admitted. Around the Leewān is a divan, or low sofa. Seated on this, the guest is presented with some of the rich sweetmeats and lemonade and rose-water of the country. On entering, you have saluted with hand on heart and forehead, and been greeted with "Mar haban" (welcome, lit. "Our house is white ") ; or with "Ahlān wa sahlān" ("We are friends, our house is yours"). If you are very much the superior personage, your hand has been kissed and raised to your host's forehead. After partaking of the sweets and cooling drinks, you replace your glass on


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Rh the tray, and, looking to your host, you say: "Dēmi" (lit. "Always," meaning "May you ever live to do as much for me") ; but this must be omitted when a death has recently occurred in the household. To your "Dēmi," the reply is "Sherufta" ("I have been honoured by you"). You answer again: "Ta sherufta" (equivalent to "I also have been honoured by you"). Black Arab coffee is served in small cups just ere you leave. To produce this too quickly is as much as to say : "Pray, don't stay any longer." To omit any one of these tedious ceremonies on either side, before or after the special business of the call, is to insult host or guest. You must not — you cannot — hurry in the Lebanon. Among the poorer classes, women share in the hard outdoor manual labour of the men, as well as attend to indoor duties. Many of the ladies of the wealthier Druzes keep pretty much to their own apartments, and are seldom seen abroad, and then always with veiled faces. Indeed, the Druze women of all ranks wear fichus, which are to be drawn across the face at the approach af a male stranger. The sisterhood all through the mountains. Christian or Druze, is fond of jewellery ; and the amount of money locked up in coins, on head-dresses, necklaces, &c., is frequently considerable. The horns of silver or copper formerly worn by Druze brides have been bought up by curiosity-dealers, and are almost extinct. Old silver ornaments are, however, to be occasionally met with. When a child is born, it is rubbed with salt, or with oil in which green myrtle is ground. It is washed and tightly swaddled. The cradle is a curious structure, into which the child is so tightly strapped as to be unable to move hand or foot. It is unlucky to the child to rock an empty cradle. On coming into a room where lies a newly-born babe, it is unlucky not to salute it with "In the name of God, what a fine child !" If the name of God is omitted, the child is open to the influence of the Evil Eye, a thing fearfully dreaded everywhere. The same formula must be used on entering


text: The Story of a Puppet

title: The Story of a Puppet


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CH. III.] said he, "what a pity it is they are all Jews."

I left the domicile of my well-informed host as soon as four o'clock the next morning, the 30th, being desirous, by entering early in the day into Acapulco, to prevent the complimentary reception which I had understood Mr. Barcaistegie, the acting consul, was preparing for me. The journey now was a rapid descent towards the sea coast: the banana trees were flourishing on all sides with a vigour peculiar to this climate: the Indian corn or maize was growing to a gigantic height, and the face of the country presented as different an aspect to what I had for the three or four former days been accustomed to behold, as the abrupt shifting of a dramatic scene could present. At twelve o'clock we stopped at Venta Vieja, a tolerable village and one of great importance in former times, when the Spanish galleons arrived at Acapulco, being, as it is, the first resting place for the cargoes destined for the capital.


text: The Story of a Puppet/I

title: The Story of a Puppet/I


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title: Page:Story of the robins.djvu/11


text: User:JMRsAuthorOfConfusion

title: User:JMRsAuthorOfConfusion


text:
Author talk:Thomas Mann (1875-1955)

how would i make people add works by Mann? He is a major author to be missing...

title: Author talk:Thomas Mann (1875-1955)


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44 Don Mateo having business to transact with a merchant here, I left this place in company with a friend of the latter, who offered to conduct me to the port. I do not recollect that I was gratified with a glance at the ocean during these eight miles. I was anxious to see the waste of waters, although on the wrong side of the continent, which might bear me home to England; and the first notice I had that I was approaching it was the distant roar of the beach of Acapulco. I spurred my horse on down a steep and dangerous stone road, which my companion's mule, whether by his master's excitement or my example, was preparing to encounter in the same manner, when unfortunately it fell, and precipitated the rider. I hastened back, and was glad to find that he was not materially hurt, and out of complaisance to him, but sorely against my own wishes, I continued to slacken my pace till we arrived at our destination.


text: Narrative of an Official Visit to Guatemala from Mexico/Chapter 3


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CH. IV.]

not find Acapulco by any means so miserable a place as it is so generally described to be: the freshness of the sea-breeze and the beautiful expanse of waters in the bay as fine as any in the world, formed an agreeable contrast to the inland monotonous life which a person leads in the valley of Mexico: the mountains, which surround this valley, give you the idea of prison walls, beyond which you can only escape with difficulty and patience: you seem to be living in a crow's nest, beyond the reach of and intercourse with the rest of the world. How different is the situation of one, who, far from his home and relatives, lives on the sea-shore! he places his foot on the water, and he touches the grand material link of the


text:
Odes

 * Odes, a collection of Latin lyric poems by Horace
 * Odes, a book of the Bible accepted in the Eastern Orthodox canon but otherwise excluded as apocryphal
 * Odes, a work by Laurence Binyon

title: Odes


text:
Ecclesiastes (Bible)

 * "Ecclesiastes" in the Wycliffe version of the Bible (1380s)
 * "Ecclesiastes" in the Bishops' version (1568)
 * "Ecclesiastes" in the Douay-Rheims version (1610)
 * "Ecclesiastes" in the Authorized Version (1611)
 * "Ecclesiastes" in the King James version (1769)
 * "Ecclesiastes" in the American Standard version (1901)
 * "Ecclesiastes" in the Jewish Publication Society version (1917)
 * "Ecclesiastes" in the World English version (in progress since 1997)

 * "Ecclesiastes" in the Wikisource edition (in progress since 2006)
 * "Ecclesiastes" in the Literal Standard Version of the Bible (2020)

title: Ecclesiastes (Bible)


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 upon the same tree with her brother, fifteen days afterwards.

that interval, the queen and ladies at court employed their utmost interest with the king to pardon Adera, for they looked upon it as a disgraceful thing, both to their sex and quality, that a woman of her family should be thus publicly executed. All the ladies of the court having joined, therefore, in a public petition to the king while on his throne, he is said to have answered them by the following short parable: —

" was once an old woman, who being told of the death of an infant, said, with great indifference. Children are but tender; it is no wonder that they die, for any thing will kill a child. Being told of a youth dying, she observed, Young people are forward and rash; they are always in the way of some disaster; no wonder they die; it is impossible it should be otherwise. But being told an old woman was dead, she began to tear her hair, and lament, crying. Now the world is at an end if old women begin to die, fearing that her turn might be the next. In this manner all of you have seen Tecla Georgis die, and also several of his companions, and you have not said a word. But now it is come to the hanging of one woman, you are all alarmed, and the world is at an end. Do not then deceive yourselves, but be assured that the same cord which tied the feet of Abba Jacob, still remains sufficient to hang that sow Adera, and all those that shall be so wicked as to behave like her, to the disgrace of your sex, and their own rank and quality."


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 to two of my daughters, and he has by them two sons, both good soldiers and horsemen, who actually ride before me, and accompany me in battle. I have therefore pardoned him all the affronts and injuries he has done to me. But, were I to take upon myself to pardon the affronts and insults he has offered the Divine Majesty, I should turn the punishment of his sins upon myself, my family, and kingdom; and, therefore, I refuse your petition, and order you to return forthwith to Gorgora."

the departure of the father, in consideration that Tecla Georgis had again embraced the Catholic religion, the king altered his sentence of being burnt, into that of being hanged privately in the house where he was then in prison; and, for that purpose, the executioner had brought with him the cord with which Tecla had ordered the feet of Abba Jacob to be tied. No sooner did he perceive that there were no hopes of pardon, by their beginning to tie his hands, than he again, with a loud voice, renounced his confession, declaring that he died an Alexandrian, and that there was but one nature in Christ. The executioner endeavoured to stop his further blasphemies, by drawing him up on the beam in the room; but he resisted so strongly, that there was time to inform Socinios of his abjuration: upon which the king ordered that he should be hanged publicly upon a pine-tree; and he was accordingly taken down, half-strangled, from the beam in the house, and hung upon the tree before the palace.

, his sister, was next examined; and it being clearly proved that she had been a very active agent in the murder of Abba Jacob, she likewise was condemned to be


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THE SOURCE OF THE NILE. 483 calls Duvarna, and says it is the capital of the province of Tigrè, whereas it is that of the Baharnagash. Isaac Baharnagash, when in rebellion against his sovereign, surrendered this town to the Turks in the year 1558, as may be seen at large in my history of the transactions of those times.

the authenticity of this journey, and the reality of Poncet's having been in Abyssinia, has been questioned by a set of vain, ignorant, fanatic people, and that from malice only, not from spirit of investigation, of which they were incapable, I have examined every part of it, and compared it with what I myself saw, and shall now give one other instance to prove it genuine, from an observation Poncent has made, and which has escaped all the missionaries, though it was entire and visible in my time.

the ruins of Axum there is a very high obelisk, flat on both sides, and fronting the south. It has upon it no hieroglyphic, but several decorations, or ornaments, the fancy of the architect. Upon a large block of granite, into which the bottom of it is fixed, and which stands before it like a table, is the figure of a Greek patera, and on one side of the obelisk, fronting the south, is the representation of a wooden door, lock, and a latch to it, which first seems designed to draw back and then lift up, exactly in the manner those kind of locks are fashioned in Egypt at this very day. Poncet observed very justly, there are no such locks made use of


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, moreover, told him, that the patriarch of the Cophts had assured the principal people of which that caravan consisted, that the Franks then travelling with him were not merchants, but sorcerers, who were going to Ethiopia, to obstruct, or cut off the course of the Nile, that it might no longer flow into Egypt, and that the general resolution was to drive the Franks from the caravan at some place in the desert which suited their designs, which were to reduce them to perish by hunger or thirst, or else to be otherwise slain, and no more heard of.

caravan left Siout the 12th of September. In twelve days they passed the lesser desert, and came to Khargue, where they were detained six days by a young man, governor of that place, who obliged M. du Roule to pay him 120 dollars, before he would suffer him to pass further; and at the same time forced him to sign a certificate, that he had been permitted to pass without paying any thing. This was the first sample of the usage he was to expect in the further prosecution of his journey.

the 3d of October they entered the great desert of Selima, and on the 18th of same month they arrived at Machou, or Moscho, on the Nile, where their caravan staid a considerable time, till the merchants had transacted their business. It was at this place the ambassador learned, that several Franciscan friars had passed the caravan while it remained at Siout, and advanced to Sennaar, where they had staid some time, but had lately left that capital upon news of the caravan's approaching, and had rested, nobody knew whether.


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CLI they underwent, amongst them a son and daughter of Mr. Clinton. In the spring of 1731 he formed a flourishing settlement in the County of Ulster (now Orange County), New York, where he pursued the occupation of farmer and surveyor. Before long, he became a county judge and Lieutenant-Colonel of the local militia. In 1758 he served as a Lieutenant-Colonel in DeLancy's regiment at the siege and capture of Frontenac. He died in Ulster, New York, 19th November 1773, aged about 83. His sons Alexander and Charles were physicians, James became Major-General in the American revolutionary army, and George rose to be Vice-President of the United States.

Clive, Catherine, a celebrated comic actress (daughter of a lawyer named Raftor, originally of Kilkenny), is generally stated to have been born in the north of Ireland in 1711. "When young she was married to Richard Clive, a barrister; but the union was unfortunate, and a separation taking place, she adopted the theatrical profession, in which she attained a distinguished rank. She filled and adorned a variety of comic parts, and whether she exhibited the woman of good sense, of real fine breeding,—the humorous, the fantastic, the affected, the rude, the awkward, or the ridiculous female in any rank of society—she was sure to fascinate the audience." Dr. Johnson said: "Mrs. Clive was the best player I ever saw … What Clive did best she did better than Garrick, but could not do half so many things well. She was a better romp than any I ever saw in nature." Her composition and spelling are described as "audacious" in their incorrectness. Leigh Hunt writes: "She was the favourite Nell of the stage in the Devil to Pay and similar characters; and, according to Garrick, there was something of the devil to pay in all her stage life. She might have been Macklin's sister for humour, judgment, and sturdiness of purpose, amounting to violence, not unmixed with generosity. The latter part of her life she spent in retirement at Strawberry Hill, where she was a neighbour and friend to Horace Walpole, whose effeminacy she helped to keep on the alert. It always seems to us as if she had been the man of the two, and he the woman." Her private character was exemplary. She died at Twickenham, near London, 6th December 1785, aged about 74.

 Clyn, John, an annalist, a Franciscan friar of Kilkenny, first custodian of the Monastery of Carrick-on-Suir, founded by one of the Earls of Ormond in 1336. His Annals are written in Latin; they extend from the birth of Christ to 1349. He thus concludes his entry for 1348: "But I, brother John Clyn, a Franciscan friar, of the Convent of Kilkenny, have in this book written the memorable things happening in my time, of which I was either an eye-witness, or learned them from the relation of such as were worthy of credit … Expecting death among the dead, … I leave behind me parchment for continuing it if any man should have the good fortune to survive this calamity, or anyone of the race of Adam should escape this pestilence, and live to continue what I have begun." He probably died next year in the plague to which he refers. Besides his Annals, he wrote some other works of small importance. The friary in which he lived in Kilkenny was lately a racket-court. "Clyn lived ninety years after Matthew Paris, and was not many years older than Froissart, but … instead of the striking details of the monk of St. Alban's, instead of Froissart's pictured pages, … we have here, for the most part, only mere entries of names and of facts—the ashes of history in which there is no fire." His Annals, edited by the Rev. Richard Butler, were published by the Archaeological Society in 1849.

 Coemghin, or Kevin, Saint, was born about 498, of a princely family in Tir Tuathal, comprising part of the present County of Wicklow. He is described as having been a beautiful youth: he was baptized by St. Cronan, and educated under "Petrocus, a holy Briton." He was specially intimate with SS. Columcille and Ciaran; and when the latter died at Clonmacnoise, Coemghin made a special pilgrimage thither to watch by his body. Round his cell at Glendalough a large community of disciples gathered, attracted by his learning and sanctity; and the ecclesiastical remains there are intimately associated with his name, although it is extremely unlikely that any of them date from his lifetime. St. Coemghin is generally represented with a bird in his hand, in token of his extreme love of animals. The legend concerning him and Kathleen has been embodied in poetry both by Moore and Gerald Griffin. He is stated to have died in 618, aged 120. His festival is the 3rd of June.

 Coffey, Charles, a dramatic author, born the end of the 17th century, wrote nine successful pieces. He died 13th May 1745, and was buried at St. Clement Dames, in the Strand, London. But one of his works has kept its hold on the stage—The Devil to Pay, or the Wives 84


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 was soon after spread abroad at Cairo, but no one could ever learn whence it came, that the ambassador, arriving at Dongola, had been assassinated there. This, indeed, proved false, but was, in the mean time, a mournful presage of the melancholy catastrophe that happened soon afterwards.

arrived at Sennaar towards the end of May, and wrote at that time; but a packet of letters was after brought to the consul at Cairo, bearing date the 18th of June. The ambassador there mentions, that he had been well received by the king of Sennaar, who was a young man, fond of strangers; that particular attention had been shewn him by Sid Achmet-el-coom; or, as he should have called him, Achmet Sid-el-coom, i.e. Achmet master of the household. This officer, sent by the king to visit the baggage of the ambassador, could not help testifying his surprise to find it so inconsiderable, both in bulk and value.

said the king had received letters from Cairo, informing him that he had twenty chests of silver along with him. Achmet likewise told him, that he himself had received information, by a letter under the hand and seal of the most respectable people of Cairo, warning him not to let M, du Roule pass; for the intention of his journey into Abyssinia was to prevail on Yasous to attack Masuah and Suakem, and take them from the Turks. Achmet would not suffer the bales intended for the king of Abyssinia to be opened or visited, but left them in the hands of the ambassador.

, however, in writing this account to the consul, intimated to him that he thought himself in