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 on Anglo-Norman Procedure, and the collector of the Placita Anglo-Normannica. Well, and let me confess—I hope that I have not been guilty of dishonestly receiving honours meant for other people—let me confess, that it has been exceedingly pleasant to me to receive from the Academies of Germany their recognition that the labours of the Oxford school have not been thrown away. I am very proud to be the recipient of diplomas signed by Döllinger and Giesebrecht, by Curtius, Pauli, Ritschl, and Dove, and to be numbered among the members of the American Academy.

But it is time that I should go on to another point. Since 1876 we have gone through the throes of a Commission and begun the struggles of a reorganisation. There is no reason why I should either speak or be silent about the general conduct of the Commission or the probable working of its results, except in relation to our own study and to the character of Professorial work as likely to be affected by the changes that are coming or come. I could have wished that the Commission had had more sympathy with literary and historical studies, that it had shown more appreciation of the true character of Professorial teaching, that it had seen, more distinctly than the new statutes seem to show that it did see, the imprudence of arranging the duties of Professors, the number and character of their lectures, not according to the nature of the subject but according to the amount of stipend forthcoming in the several cases. It surely was not necessary to treat the idle Professor as the typical Professor; it surely might have been enough to take the best means to secure a good Professor and have left him to work, not nominally but really, in the way in which he knew he could do the most good. Surely the idle professor, the chimaera bombinans in vacuo comedens secundas intentiones, should have been caught before he was tortured. No man has a greater capacity for idleness than I have, nor a greater desire of rest; sometimes I think the love of idleness is the greatest spur to exertion: anyhow I have been made to work, even without the Visitatorial Board. But what I want to say is this: it is possible in certain subjects to carry on research and elementary


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 together; it must be so in logic and grammar; in mathematics, possibly, although there it must be more difficult; in language, if the pupils are forward, it must be feasible: but in abstruse philosophy and in minute historical research it is not possible to do both things easily and at once. An arrangement of occasional epideictic lectures, ordinary elementary teaching in class, and informal instruction out of class, is symmetrical enough and useful enough where it can be applied, but it is not of universal application, or suited to Professors of all calibres. Restricting my remark to my own study, I will say, if an Oxford Professor of History is to be a man to be trusted to maintain the reputation of his University, to keep abreast with foreign scholars, and to conduct research on his own account, he ought to have been left with some discretion as to the management of his teaching. I have often felt, when I was busy with some matter that required concentration of thought and continuity of investigation, that I would rather have broken into my line of work by going and giving a lecture in Euclid or Algebra, than by coming down to an elementary discourse, in which, from the very affinity of the subjects, I should be constantly tempted to revert to the minute point on which my special labours in my study were fixed, to the confusion of the class and to the damage of the subject that I had to treat before them. It was in order to avoid this that for some years I wrote out my lectures before term began; a plan which has obvious drawbacks, chiefly in what is called losing touch with the class. Afterwards I lectured on texts rather more freely; latterly, as my classes regularly diminished, I took up more out-of-the-way subjects, and very nearly succeeded in getting rid of my classes altogether; in the end I have reverted to my first plan. Well, perhaps I never was fit for the place; anyhow, on the now stereotyped plan of the Professoriate, it is as well that I should go. I am told that the great historical works of the great foreign professors have been accomplished by men who have done much elementary lecturing and much informal instruction. That is true, but it is to be remembered that the great German professors have the power and the right to

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 direct the studies of their pupils, classes and individuals, to the specialised and differentiated details of their own subject, not merely to general class examinations in which all the candidates are expected to show the same sort of knowledge derived from the same sort of books. What I wanted from the Commission was not less work but more liberty; what I succeeded in getting was a little more elasticity of tether. But I will not grumble any more: it is over; both the evidence, voluminous and appreciative^ the formal audience, so redolent of sympathy and profound attention on the part of the Commissioners, the lively meetings of council and committee, and the truly charming debates of the professors and tutors: let them have the light that never was on sea or land, in the sweetness of memory,—a consecration, a professor's dream; at all events we have a system of faculties, informal instruction, and a visitatorial board.

But let us go on to more serious things than these. I have spent nearly eighteen very happy years in Oxford: holding the office for a longer period than any of my predecessors except Spence, who was professor for twenty-six years. Dr. Nowell, who was professor for thirty years, and Dr. Nares, who occupied the chair for twenty-eight years. The principal event that touches the constitutional position of the Professorship during my occupation is its final and complete connexion with Oriel College. Of the professors before me, three. Dr. Beeke, who was in office during the early years of this century, and two better known men. Dr. Arnold and Mr. Halford Vaughan, had been fellows of Oriel. The Ordinance of 1857, passed nearly at the end of Mr. Vaughan's tenure of office, allowed Oriel College to undertake the payment of a considerable sum in augmentation of the annual income provided by King George II, which augmentation might be exchanged for a fellowship of the College: and by a University Statute of 1859 a new body of regulations was provided for the conduct of the professor. Under these Mr. Goldwin Smith and I have held office; he being, as fellow of University, ineligible for the Oriel Fellowship, became by election after his resignation an honorary fellow, and I was in 1868 elected to the fellowship


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 which I still hold: henceforth the Regius Professor will, under the Commissioners' Statutes, be a Professor Fellow. Whilst I look back with pride and gratitude on the honour which the College conferred on me so early in my career as professor, and with a lifelong pleasure on the friendships that my connexion with Oriel enabled me to form, I fear that I have been a very unprofitable member of governing body and educational staff: I console myself with the reflexion that there are some minds, which, in some situations, acquit themselves of their responsibilities most satisfactorily by never getting in the way. Non-obstructiveness is not the highest degree of efficiency, but there are worse faults. Anyhow my successor will have a chance in this line of work of approving his superiority to what has gone before.

The fact that two of my predecessors are alive and well is a matter of congratulation: Mr. Halford Vaughan and Mr. Goldwin Smith have both conferred on the Professorship an honour which I am glad to recognise. Both, eminent as scholars and political thinkers, lectured during the sixteen years of my absence from Oxford; there are some, however, left who remember Mr. Vaughan's lectures under the old system, the soundness and learning displayed in them and the stimulus which they supplied to the study of Modern History at the moment that it was taking its place among the recognised subjects of the Schools. It was whilst Mr. Vaughan was Professor that the School of Law and History was organised; Mr. Goldwin Smith, as I said, lectured under the new arrangements of 1859 and was examiner in 1862. I rejoice to know that on neither of these gentlemen has the study of the subject, that I have lived and worked for, produced any exhausting or debilitating effects; and, when I consider the case of my successor designate, 'the Regius Professor elect,' and think how many books he has written, and in how many fields he has shown his prowess, and how now, some few years my senior in standing, he is preparing to take my work on his shoulders, to go on writing, to give public statutory lectures, ordinary lectures, informal instruction, and to face the Board of Faculty and the Visitatorial Board, I


text: Letters of Junius/Letter III

title: Letters of Junius/Letter III


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 flatter myself that the energy with which he will go to work will not be damped with the reflexion that his predecessors ever broke down. I am very glad to welcome him back to Oxford, to the home and the studies that he has loved so well, as the great champion and representative of that branch of historic literature on which I believe the success of the study here to depend. Not that he is eminent in this alone. But I am now flattering myself and not him.

And so I come to my parting words. I am going to leave Oxford, not for a place of rest, but for a post of work. I frankly confess that I have always worked towards an ideal of rest; my own anticipations have been, after a few years more here, during which I might see some of my boys started in the world, I might have retired, we will say to the Parks, and have given no more lectures. But I have always believed, in the case of other people, that the reward of good work is to have more work given you; and I do trust that it may be so with myself. If the gifts that I have done my best to make useful here are such as can for a little time be made useful elsewhere, I am grateful and hopeful in the change, although it is so very different from anything that I thought I was working for.

I am going to leave with Oxford many, very many friends; to leave but not I trust to lose them. I hope that I have made no enemies, I have more dread of making enemies than is at all consistent with a properly constituted moral courage. I hope that I have succeeded. At all events I have never reviewed the books of ally or opponent, or any one else, I have never given pain or incurred hostility in that way. I have abstained from controversy, religious, political or historical, for I have tried to live up to my own ideal of a strong position, that it consists far more in proved confidence in your own cause, in the vigilant maintenance of your own defences, in the thorough realisation of your sources of strength and weakness, than in the most adroit use of weapons or the most energetic tactics of aggression. I have never scrupled to correct my own mistakes, and I have never made a captious use of the mistakes of other men. I trust


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 that I have never plucked a candidate in the Schools without giving him every opportunity of setting himself right. I hope that I have never intrigued or bullied: I do not say this with any wish to imply that such things are ever done here; although the popular idea of the professorial character might suggest the need of a disclaimer; but, if there was temptation to do so, I claim to have resisted it. So much I trust that you will let me take credit for. I know that I have great faults; I have a good deal of sympathy but too little zeal: sometimes I have feared that, in my lack of zeal, my fellow- workers have detected or suspected a lack of sympathy: somehow the adage 'melior est conditio prohibentis' does come to be confused with or to be interpreted into the policy of 'How not to do it': perhaps I have tried to work too much in my own way and too little in theirs. Then too, I have never been able to reconcile myself with smoking, late hours, dinner parties, Sunday breakfasts, or University sermons: nor is Joe Pullen's tree such a land-mark in my life as it might very well be to the benefit of my constitution. I will say no more about informal instruction; I think that need not be remembered against me; if I am not mistaken, I have read over many proof-sheets and my name appears as the name of a helper in many prefaces.

Well so much for my apologia and confession! for want of zeal, for weakness of temper, for occasional absence of discretion, I do ask pardon of all whom I may have offended, or disappointed or misunderstood. I do not mind under the circumstances being called sentimental; I feel sentimental. I confess that I do hope that you will remember me kindly; and I wish to be judged, as I have tried to judge other historical personages, according as I have acted or have not acted up to my lights. I know that I have not been much of an organiser; I dislike to organise for other people, I still more dislike other people to organise for me; I have a great dislike of hard and fast rules, I would not so rule other people, I should still more dislike to have such rules made for me. If there is any virtue in this love of freedom, do not think that I am blind to the drawbacks which beset it. Only


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 all men have not the same gifts, and happily all men are not set to the same tasks, even Professors under schedules. Please to think of me as of one who, very conscious of his own shortcomings, and wanting, consciously wanting, in many of the instincts of the successful Academic administrator, still tried to do his duty; tried to maintain for History its proper place among the studies of Oxford, and to maintain the reputation of Oxford as a nursery of historical study among the Academies of Europe; tried and worked hard to do honour to the University, to Christ Church, and to the Colleges, to which he owes, humanly speaking, all that he has and is, and his capacity for doing better.


text: Seventeen lectures on the study of medieval and modern history and kindred subjects/A Last Statutory Public Lecture


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Author:James Morrison Crombie

Works

 * Braemar: Its Topography and Natural History, 1861
 * A monograph of lichens found in Britain, 1894
 * Lichenes Britannici
 * Monograph of Lichens found in Britain

Contributions to EB1911

 * (in part)

title: Author:James Morrison Crombie


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Abbots,, ; disappear from parliament, , , , ,. Abelard,. Accursi, Francesco,. Acre, history and capture of,, , , , sqq., , ,. Acworth, battle of,,. Adam of Petitpont,,. Adamnan,. Adrian IV, pope,. Albericna Gentilis,. Alcock, bishop,,. Alcuin, the letters of,,. Alexander II, czar of Russia,. Alexander III, pope,,. Alexander IV,,. Alexander VI,. Alexandria, captured by Peter I,. Alexius Angelus,. Alfonso the Wise,, , ,. Alice, queen of Cyprus, sqq.,. Alison, sir Archibald,. Amalric I,, , -, , , , ,. Ambrose, French poem of,. America, study of history in, sq.,,. American War of Independence,. Andrew, king of Hungary,. Andrewes, bishop,,. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the,. Anglo-Saxon ecclesiastical courts, sq. Annates Bill, the,, , ,. Anne of Beaujeu,. Anne of Brittany,. Anne of Cleves,,. Anselm, S.,,. Antioch,, &c. Antiocheis, the,, ,. Apostolic Constitutions, the,. Aquinas, S. Thomas, ; De Regimine Principum,,. Archdeacons,, , , sq.,  sq..,. Arches, Court of,,. Armenia, the Greater,. Armenia, the kingdom of, sqq.,, , -, -,. Armenian Church, the,. Arms of Cyprus and queen Elizabeth, sq. Arnold, Dr. Thomas,,. Arnulf of Lisieux,. Arsacidae,. Arthur, prince of Wales, son of Henry VII,, , -. Arthur of Brittany,. Articles of, ; of,,. Arundel, archbishop,. lord,. Ascelin, bishop of Rochester,. Assize of Darrein Presentment,. Assizes of Jerusalem, -,, , ,. Atterbury, bishop,,. Audley, lord,. Audley, speaker and chancellor,, , , , , -,. Augmentations, court of,. Augustine, S., on Researchers,. Austria, the House of,, -,.

Bacon, Francis,, , , , , , ,. Bacon, Roger,,. Bagdad, khalifate of, S. Bagratidae, the,. Baker, Thomas,. Balance of power,,. Baldwin, archbishop,, , ,. Baldwin of Boulogne,. Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem,. Balliol, John,. Bancroft, archbishop,.


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 of his own age with an intelligent apprehension; and it is an educational discipline directed to the cultivation of powers for whose development, as it seems to me, no other training is equally efficacious. It is but natural that I should speak thus of a study which has been to me the pleasure, rest, and comfort of a somewhat busy and anxious life, to whose teachings I feel myself indebted for whatever power of judgment, critical experience, or speculative equity, if I may be allowed to use such a form of words, I am conscious of possessing. I wish to undervalue no other system of training, no other field of inquiry, but I speak of this as I love it, and as, if a sound purpose of doing with my might what my hand has found to do can be any pledge of honest and effectual work, I trust those who will apply themselves to it with my assistance will come to love it and profit by it as well. But as I shall have, no doubt, to say more than enough about myself before I finish this lecture, I will proceed now, in that desultory way which the nature of an inaugural lecture necessitates, to say something about my founder and my predecessors; and, having done that, to enlarge somewhat on the place which our study has among the pursuits of this University, the method of training, and the end which I propose to myself in the work that lies before me. I have pleaded guilty to a natural trepidation, I have acknowledged that what I have to say will be desultory. I think that the circumstances account for both, and trust to you for an equitable consideration.

The Professorship of Modern History was founded in the year 1724 by King George I; a prince of whom those who would say the worst must allow that he was an honest and harmless sovereign, whilst a professed panegyrist would most wisely content himself with saying that his reign is the commencement of an era during which the happiness of the kingdoms he ruled, their progress in knowledge, political intelligence, wealth, domestic and social comfort, have increased in a ratio unprecedented and unparalleled: during which the exertion of English influence in the councils and contests of the world has been effective beyond precedent and parallel, and has been used, if not always in the most enlightened way, always


text: Page:Alice in Wonderland (1903).ogv/9

title: Page:Alice in Wonderland (1903).ogv/9


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Rh Rose Library (The)—continued. The Rose in Bloom. By L. M. ALCOTT. 2s.; cloth gilt, 3s. 6d. Eight Cousins. By L. M. ALCOTT. 2s.; cloth gilt, 3s. 6d. Under the Lilacs. By L. M. ALCOTT. 2s.; also 3s. 6d. Undiscovered Country. By W. D. HOWELLS. Clients of Dr. Bernagius. By L. BIART. 2 parts. Silver Pitchers. By LOUISA M. ALCOTT. Cloth, 3s. 6d. Jimmy's Cruise in the "Pinafore," and other Tales. By LOUISA M. ALCOTT. 2s.; cloth gilt, 3s. 6d. Jack and Jill. By LOUISA M. ALCOTT. 2s.; Illustrated, 5s. Hitherto. By the Author of the "Gayworthys." 2 vols., 1s.each; I vol., cloth gilt, 3s. 6d. A Gentleman of Leisure. A Novel. By EDGAR FAWCETT. 1s. ''Ross (Mars) and Stonehewer Cooper. Highlands of Cantabria;'' or, Three Days from England. Illustrations and Map, 8vo, 21s. Rothschilds, the Financial Rulers of Nations. By  REEVES. Crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. Rousselet (Louis) Son of the Constable of France. Small post 8vo, numerous Illustrations, gilt edges, 3s. 6d.; plainer, 2s. 6d. —— King of the Tigers: a Story of Central India. Illustrated. Small post 8vo, gilt, 3s. 6d.; plainer, 2s. 6d. —— Drummer Boy. Illustrated. Small post 8vo, gilt edges, 3s. 6d.; plainer, 2s. 6d. Russell (Dora) Strange Message. 3 vols., crown 8vo, 31s. 6d. Russell (W. Clark) Jack's Courtship. New Ed., small post 8vo, 6s. —— English Channel Ports and the Estate of the East and West India Dock Company. Crown 8vo, 1s. —— Frozen Pirate. New Ed., Illust., small post 8vo, 6s. —— Sailor's Language. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d. —— Sea Queen. New Ed., small post 8vo, 6s. —— Strange Voyage. New Ed., small post 8vo, 6s. —— The Lady Maud. New Ed., small post 8vo, 6s. —— Wreck of the Grosvenor. Small post 8vo, 6s. 4to, sewed, 6d. AINTS and their Symbols: A Companion in the Churches and Picture Galleries of Europe. Illustrated. Royal 16mo, 3s. 6d. Samuels (Capt. J. S.) From Forecastle to Cabin: Autobiography. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, 8s. 6d,; also with fewer Illustrations, cloth, 2s.; paper, 1s. Sandlands (J. P.) How to Develop Vocal Power. 1s.


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 {| align="center" width="500px" Figures 43–47    C. E. Hall. Figure 43, a small, fairly perfect specimen, ×3; figure 44, large specimen, natural size, showing the long epimera; figure 45, a nearly entire small individual, showing the extremely slender telson and the doublures of the postabdominal segments; figure 46, the fourth endognathite, ×2; figure 47, enlargement of test with narrow, triangular scales. (From James Hall)
 * The Eurypterida of New York figure 43-47.jpg
 * The Eurypterida of New York figure 43-47.jpg
 * }


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The New International Encyclopædia/Müller, Max

MÜLLER,. See .


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 of the genus and in this evidence of waning racial characters it invites special recognition. The Pennsylvania species to which we have referred are  C. E. Hall,   C. E. Hall,   J. Hall and   Hall & Clarke. These species, together with     are distinguished from Eurypterus proper by the following features: (1) the character of the spines of the endognathites, seen in , in   and  , (2) the development of the scales into mucros, giving the greater portion of the surface a spinous appearance. This tendency to spinosity, especially of the posterior margins of the abdominal somites is also present in British Carbonic forms, as is amply evidenced by   Woodward with its long pointed scales,   (?)   R. Etheridge jr [Geol. Soc. Lond. Quar. Jour. 1877. 33:223] in which the surface is covered with long blunt spines and scales, giving it the appearance of a mass of congealed drops, while in  H. Woodward the scales have become prominent wartlike tubercles, interspersed with disklike bodies which proved to be "calculi" or bodies of globular calcite formed inside the integument. All these excrescences are distinctly phylogerontic and seem to indicate that


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The New International Encyclopædia/Müller, Morten

MÜLLER, (1828—). A Norwegian landscape painter, born at Holmestrand on the Christiania Fjord. After studying in Düsseldorf (1847-50), first under Tidemand and Gude, then at the Academy under Schirmer, he lived in Stockholm, and in 1866 went to Christiania, where he conducted a school for painting, subventioned by the Government. In 1871 he removed again to Düsseldorf, and in 1874 was made a member of the Stockholm Academy and Court painter. The rugged grandeur of the fjords and mountainous woodland fastnesses of his native country are the favorite subjeets of his characteristic landscapes, in which he combines a romantic conception of nature with purely realistic color effects. Representative examples are a “View on Christiania Fjord” (1855), and “Entrance Into Hardanger Fjord” (both in the National Gallery, Christiania); “Pine Forest in Norway” (1860, Hamburg Gallery); “Romsdal

Fjord” (1876); and “Forest Lake by Moonlight” (1892).


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 the eurypterids which in the Upper Siluric were the lords of the sea, were now put largely on the defensive. Fritsch has contended [1904, p. 77] that Glyptoscorpius is but an eurypterid and that the supposed combs are merely long fringes at the posterior margins of abdominal segments, and if this is correct then this genus may represent an extreme development of Anthraconectes.

The third feature which the Carbonic species have in common is the exaggeration of the development of the epimeral pieces of the abdominal segments, well seen in the figure of  on the left side [text fig. 50]. shows the same features very clearly [text fig. 44] and   possessed long and recurving epimera on the preabdominal segments (the postabdominal segments are not satisfactorily preserved in the single type). These epimeral pieces are produced into strong recurving spines [text fig. 49] and the character is hence entirely in line with the spinosity of the surface, increasing the gerontic aspect of these species.

Another important distinctive character is the lack of differentiation between the first three pairs of endognathites and the last pair. This is especially distinct in  [text fig. 43]. Finally these species of Anthraconectes were fresh or brackish-water animals while the true Eurypteri were marine.

Even if the characters of the opercular appendage noted by Meek and Worthen should not warrant the recognition of this subgenus, the features mentioned which are common to the majority of the Carbonic Eurypteri are fully competent to verify their suspicion that "other characters will be found showing it to belong to a distinct subgenus—if not indeed to an entirely distinct genus from Eurypterus proper." It is on the sum of these characters that we would base the subgenus Anthraconectes.


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Meek & Worthen. Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts. 1868. 46: 21, figure

Meek & Worthen. Geol. Sur. Illinois. 1868. 3: 544, figure

Hall. Pennsylvania 2d Geol. Sur. Rep't of Progress, PPP. 1884. p. 25, fig. 2, 3

Meek and Worthen have elaborately described and illustrated by an outline sketch this species from the iron stone concretions of the Carbonic of Mazon creek, Illinois. Their material consisted of but one specimen which exhibits the ventral side. Professor Whitfield kindly pointed out to us that the counterpart of this type is in the American Museum of Natural History and this has been made accessible for our study. The latter is a well preserved intaglio which happily complements the type. We therefore embrace this opportunity to add such data to the knowledge of this curious species as are furnished by this specimen. The most remarkable of these is the strong contraction of the postabdomen.

The excellent photograph reproduced on plate 26, figure 1 shows the condition of the specimen and all essential features observable in it. Some structures, as the position of the eyes, the outline of the impression of the opercular appendage, are only observable with favorable illumination. It has been possible to demonstrate the outlines of the carapace and first tergites a little better than shown in the photograph. These features as well as the outlines of the doublures of the tergites are illustrated by a text figure. For the sake of completeness we have also copied the outline drawing of the ventral side, given by Meek and Worthen.

Description. Body long, elliptical in outline, with the posterior third truncated by the abrupt contraction of the postabdomen. It is widest in the region of the fourth tergite, increasing gradually from the


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 front of the head shield to that segment and then decreasing as gradually to the second postabdominal segment where a contraction to half the width takes place.

The carapace appears to have been subrectangular, rather short and broad; length to width in the approximate proportion of 3 : 5. The lateral

margins are slightly convergent, at least in the middle portion where they can be traced. The antelateral angles are somewhat abruptly rounded, the frontal margin transverse, slightly emarginate in the middle. At the postlateral angles the carapace is a little more broadened. The posterior margin is overlapped by the first tergite and not exposed. The eyes are seen as rather small and slight kidney-shaped depressions; the right eye


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26 Saunders (A.) Our Domestic Birds: Poultry in England and New Zealand. Crown 8vo, 6s. Our Horses: the Best Muscles controlled by the Best Brains. 6s. Scherr (Prof, J.) History of English Literature. Cr. 8vo, 8s. 6d. Schley, Rescue of Greely. Maps and Illustrations, 8vo, 12s. 6d. Schuyler (Eugène) American Diplomacy and the Furtherance of Commerce. 12s. 6d. —— The Life of Peter the Great. 2 vols., 8vo, 32s. Schweinfurth (Georg) Heart of Africa. 2 vols., crown 8vo, 15s. Scott (Leader) Renaissance of Art in Italy. 4to, 31s. 6d. —— Sculpture, Renaissance and Modern. 5s. Semmes (Adm. Raphael) Service Afloat: The "Sumter" and the "Alabama." Illustrated. Royal 8vo, 16s. Senior (W.) Near and Far: an Angler's Sketches of Home Sport and Colonial Life. Crown 8vo, 6s. —— Waterside Sketches. Imp. 32mo, 1s. 6d.; boards, 1s. Shakespeare. Edited by. 3 vols., crown 8vo, gilt top, 36s.; Mition de luxe, 6 vols., 8vo, cloth extra, 63s. —— See also  and  Shakespeare's Heroines: Studies by Living English Painters. 105s.; artists' proofs, 630s. —— Songs and Sonnets. Illust. by Sir  5to, boards, 5s. Sharpe (R. Bowdler) Birds in Nature. 39 coloured plates and text. 4to, 63s. Sidney (Sir Philip) Arcadia. New Edition, 6s. Siegfried, The Story of. Illustrated, crown 8vo, cloth, 6s. ''Simon. China: its Social Life''. Crown 8vo, 6s. Simson (A.) Wilds of Ecuador and Exploration of the Putumayor River, Crown 8vo, 8s. 6d. Sinclair (Mrs.) Indigenous Flowers of the Hawaiian Islands. 44 Plates in Colour. Imp. folio, extra binding, gilt edges, 3ls. 6d. Sloane (T. O.) Home Experiments in Science for Old and Young. Crown 8vo, 6s. Smith (G.) Assyrian Explorations. Illust. New Ed, 8vo, 18s. —— The Chaldean Account of Genesis. With many Illustrations. 16s. New Ed. By, 8vo, 18s. Smith (G. Barnett) William I. and the German Empire. New Ed., 8vo, 3s. 6d. Smith (J. Moyr) Wooing of Æthra. Illustrated. 32mo, 1s.


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 in the specimen is distinctly outlined by its chitinous section. Their length is but one sixth that of the carapace. They lie a little in front of the middle of the carapace and about four times their width from the lateral margin.

The preabdomen is the broadest part of the body, broader by one fourth than it is long. Its sides are subparallel, as it increases but little in breadth to the fourth tergite, and then decreases again. The lateral margins of each tergite converge anteriorly so that the postlateral angles project along the sides. The first tergite is only half as long as the others. Its lateral portions are produced forward into flat lobes, as they are also in the next tergite, while in the following two the anterior margins are nearly straight and in the last two they are gently convex forward. The first tergite is entirely flat and smooth, the following are slightly raised in the middle portions of the posterior belt and culminate in a round median node highest on the third tergite and obscure on the last.

Of the postabdomen three segments and a portion of the fourth are shown. The first is of similar width and shape as the last tergite but furnished with long, striated spines at the postlateral angles, as are also the following postabdominal segments. The second segment is but half as wide as the first, but longer by one third. Its epimera are drawn out into long, slightly curved, oblique, posteriorly directed spurs. The last segment fully exposed is again longer and carries a still longer spur on the side.

The third postoral appendage is preserved nearly entire. It was short and stout. Impressions of spines appear on one of the segments. Of the fourth limb five slender segments are shown, so that this is probably also entire. Of the last limb, the five short basal segments, following the coxa are exposed. The other side also retained portions of the last two segments which were long and formed a paddle as in Eurypterus and Pterygotus. The specimen also retains the second limb which is a short stout walking leg ending in a spine.

The impressions of the coxae of the swimming legs, figured by Meek and Worthen, are also faintly seen in this specimen. So also are


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 of the opercular appendage; especially distinct is that of the anterior hastate part.

The ornamentation of the dorsal side is very striking. The carapace is for the most part smooth, but on the middle posterior region there appear small prominent tubercles most of which are semilunar and project backward. They are irregularly crowded around a median smooth depression. Along the posterior margin the semilunar scales are abruptly changed into two rows of larger, sharply angular scales. The first tergite is smooth; the following tergites as well as the postabdominal segments show a dense mass of extremely small semilunar to linear scales on the anterior half (mostly of so small size that these parts appear smooth), while the middle posterior halves bear prominent angular scales that are largest upon the median nodes. Toward the sides the angles of the scales become smaller until linear scars are formed, making a system of parallel oblique lines on the epimera (not well shown in the figures).

Measurements. The carapace is 32 mm long and approximately 53 mm wide at the base. The eyes were 5.5 mm long and 16 mm apart. The preabdomen measures 46 × 62.5+ mm. The first tergite is 4 mm long; the second 7.5 mm long and 59 mm wide; the third is 9.5 mm long and 61+ mm wide. The first postabdominal segment measures 9 × 52 mm, the next 11.5 × 26+ mm. The limbs are only fragmentary.

Horizon and locality. Lower Coal Measures of Mazon Creek, Grundy co., Illinois. Counterpart in American Museum of Natural History (no. 8532).

The most striking and interesting eurypterid of the waterlimes of Buffalo is undoubtedly a large animal which, when discovered in 1875, was made the type of a new genus and species by Grote and Pitt under the designation of. The authors of the genus gave no generic diagnosis but the following description of the species suggests what they considered as its distinctive characters:

The cephalothoracic portion appears to be separate from the body, and to be considerably narrower in proportion than in allied forms. The


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 legs are in the same number as in Eurypterus. The swimming feet appear to differ by the straighter, less rounded outer margins. In the specimen the rhomboidal plates are not given. From the impressions of the joints of the swimming feet their relative dimension does not seem to accord with Eurypterus. The four pair of anterior feet proceed from two elongate oral plates of which the impression is very distinct. The spines of the anterior feet appear to be long, curved, and to have an anterior direction. The absence of chelate appendages to the posterior margin of the feet is particularly noticeable. The first seven broad segments of the abdomen form a large ellipse. There is an evident and remarkable narrowing of the succeeding caudal segments. Of these six appear to be made out on the specimen. The surface of the cast is punctate with scattered triangular impressions. The cast shows a widening of the terminal segment and no traces of a spiniform process are exhibited.

Of the differentials indicated in the passage quoted, the following have stood the test of larger collections: the much "narrower" cephalothoracic portion, the broad large ellipse of the abdomen and the "remarkable narrowing" of the postabdomen ("caudal segments"). At least three, possibly four species, exhibiting quite similar characters of general form, are known from the British Siluric rocks and these have been referred to Eurypterus by Woodward, the differences in outline not being considered of generic importance by that eminent authority. It is not surprising therefore that authors generally have shown little inclination to recognize this genus Eusarcus.

Grote's successor as curator of the Buffalo Society's museum, Mr Pohlman, was apparently the first to assail the proposed genus, stating [1886, p. 29] that the discovery of several new specimens had shown that the form has "the leading characteristics of the genus [Eurypterus], as given by DeKay," viz, "a terminal joint prolonged into a sublinear or lanceolate triangular spine with serrated edges," and "eyes reniform or oval, placed within the margin of the carapace." Pohlman's observations in regard to the telson, which is as in Eurypterus, are correct, but the original of the supposed carapace of Eusarcus which he figures [op. cit.


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 pl. 3, fig. 3] and which is now in the collection of Columbia University, proves to be a carapace of  [ pl. 26, fig. 3], in which the eyes are normally intramarginal. We have however specimens of  which leave no doubt of the marginal position of the eyes in that species, and thus afford an important differential of the genus. In none of the British species with typically Eusarcuslike outlines (viz,  and  ) was the position of the eyes known to Woodward, and one species, of which only the triangular carapace and subcircular abdomen have been found, was referred by him to Pterygotus  on the strength of its marginal eyes.

Grote and Pitt based their new genus on mere differences in outline and though Woodward did not regard these as generic characters, and Miller [N. A. Geol. & Pal. 1889, p. 548], obviously for like reasons, refused to recognize the genus, while Zittel cites it as doubtful, it is entirely evident from our present knowledge that the group, typically represented by, is generically distinct from all its allies.

On this continent there is another locality, Kokomo, Indiana, which has afforded representatives of Eusarcus sometimes in gigantic examples. The first specimens were described by Claypole as  [1890, p. 259]. The term Eurysoma was soon after withdrawn by its author as preoccupied and was replaced by Carcinosoma. In 1894 another species from the same locality was added and Eusarcus indicated as the nearest ally of the new genus, with the following qualification: "But the description of that genus [Eusarcus] mentions that the cephalothoracic portion is considerably narrower than in allied forms and that the terminal segment shows a widening and no trace of spiniform process. There are also several other minor points of difference." None of the differences here suggested by Claypole really exist, for our working material, which probably comprises nearly all Kokomo specimens ever collected, shows this carapace to have quite the same subtriangular form as in the Buffalo specimens, while both possess an ensiform


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 telson. There are only minor differences between the Buffalo and Kokomo specimens; the latter are undoubtedly congeneric and the term Carcinosoma has to yield to Eusarcus.

From the study of the large collection of material representing the genotype we consider the genus as characterized by (1) the triangular carapace, (2) the marginal and forward position of the eyes, (3) the decrease in length of the walking legs backward, (4) the spinosity of all walking legs, (5) the broad elliptic to subcircular preabdomen, (6) the sharply defined, greatly lengthened, cylindrical postabdomen, (7) the broad and short, subtriangular metastoma, (8) the distinctive proportions of the segments of the swimming legs.

These characters, we believe, are correlated and shared by a number of species which thus constitute a well defined group. We have been able to satisfy ourselves as to their presence in  Claypole (including   Claypole), save the form of the metastoma which has not been clearly seen. Woodward's elaborate description and excellent figures of Eurypterus scorpioides bring out all of these characters save the position of the eyes which were not observed. The inversely triangular form of the metastoma is particularly well established in that species. A like shield-shaped metastoma is assigned by Woodward to, known only by disjointed parts and regarded by him as closely related to. H. Woodward may be the young of, a possibility suggested by the author of the species; at any rate, it strikingly exhibits the characters of Eusarcus, the last drawing published [1872, pl. 30, fig. 8] also showing the characteristic triangular carapace thus leaving only the supposed intramarginal eyes as a discordant feature to which we will return in another chapter. The  H. Woodward, referred by its author to that genus on account of its marginal eyes, leaves no doubt in our mind as to the propriety of its reference to Eusarcus, on account of the triangular form of its carapace, the forward and marginal position


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Müller, Otho Friederik

MÜLLER, (1730-84). A Danish zoölogist, born in Copenhagen. His contributions to the knowledge of Infusoria are especially valuable. He wrote: Fauna Insectorum Friedrichsdaliana (1764); Flora Friedrichsdaliana (1767); Vermium Terrestrium et Fluviatilium, seu Animalium Infusorium, Helmithecorum et Testaecorum non Marinorum Succincta Historia (1771); Zoölogica Danica (1779-1806).


text: Index:Daydreams.ogv

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text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Müller, Otto

MÜLLER, (1816-94). A German novelist. He was born at Schotten, Hesse; was for some time connected with the Court library at Darmstadt, and edited newspapers at Frankfurt and Mannheim. In 1854 he established the Frankfurter Museum. He was the author of Charlotte Ackermann (1854); Der Stadtschultheiss von Frankfurt (3d ed. 1878), treating of Goethe's grandparents; Aus Petrarcas alten Tagen (1881); Der Majoratsherr (1873); and Schatten auf Höhen (1881). Consult the biography, by Schulte vom Brühl (Stuttgart, 1895).


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Müller, Peter Erasmus

MÜLLER, (1776-1834). A Danish theologian and antiquary. He was born at Copenhagen, and studied at the university there, passing his theological examination in 1791. After spending some time in the German universities, he visited France and England. Returning, he wrote numerous works; was appointed professor of theology at the University of Copenhagen in 1801, and in 1830 became Bishop of Zealand, the highest ecclesiastical dignity in Denmark. He was an eminent theologian, and his theological works, including that on the Christian moral system (1808) and other volumes, are very highly valued. But his literary reputation rests upon his essays on Danish and Norse antiquities, of which the most valuable are: Om det islandske Sprogs Vigtighed (1813); Kritisk Undersögelse af Danmarks og Norges Sagnhistorie (1823-30); and, above all, his Sagabibliothek, or Library of the Sagas (1810-18).


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The New International Encyclopædia/Müller, Victor

MÜLLER, (1829-71). A German historical painter, born in Frankfort. First instructed there at the Städel Institute by Steinle, he studied afterwards at the Antwerp Academy and under Couture in Paris. Soon, however, he became a follower of Courbet, whose technique, the reverse of Couture's, he adopted, and subsequently helped to promote in Germany. In 1858 he returned to Frankfort, where he soon attracted attention with a series of pictures, thoroughly realistic in conception and of great coloristic charm, but scarcely understood by a public accustomed to the sentimental trend of the Düsseldorf school of that period. He therefore, in 1866, removed to Munich, where such revolutionary departures from traditional treatment as the “Sleeping Wood-Nymph” (1863), or “Hero and Leander,” were more likely to be appeciated. Out of a cycle from Shakespeare, which he painted there, “Hamlet in the Graveyard” (1869) is surpassed only by the “Balcony Scene in Romeo and Juliet” (New Pinakothek, Munich). To his influence as a colorist was due not only the introduction of the tone-element into the paintings of the Munich school, but also the truer conception of historical characters and a more wholesome observation of nature among the younger generation of artists.


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title: Template:3cfr


text:
Author:George Willis Cooke

Works

 * (United States)

title: Author:George Willis Cooke


text:
Author:George Albert Cooke

Works

 * The Progress of Revelation: Sermons chiefly on the Old Testament
 * A text-book of North-Semitic inscriptions
 * A critical and exegetical commentary on the book of Ezekiel
 * The Book of Judges (Cooke)
 * (in part)
 * (in part)
 * (in part)
 * (in part)
 * (in part)
 * (in part)

title: Author:George Albert Cooke


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Franks

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Franks


text:
Page:Best Russian Short Stories.djvu/271

Rh 'Look at it. If it were put into picture no one would ever believe it!' I turn round and naturally I see a self-satisfied, full-fed paterfamilias, who delights in repeating some one else's silly statement as though it were his own. As for our dear country, the bourgeois paterfamilias look upon it as though it were a roast turkey. If you've managed to cut the best part of the bird for yourself, eat it quietly in a comfortable corner and praise God. But he's not really the important person. I was led away by my detestation of vulgarity and I apologise for the digression. The real point is that genius and inspiration, even when they are not devoted to the service of the Orthodox Church, remain rare and beautiful things. Progress is a law—and theft too has its creation.

"Finally, our profession is by no means as easy and pleasant as it seems to the first glance. It demands long experience, constant practice, slow and painful apprenticeship. It comprises in itself hundreds of supple, skilful processes that the cleverest juggler cannot compass. That I may not give you only empty words, gentlemen, I will perform a few experiments before you now. I ask you to have every confidence in the demonstrators. We are all at present in the enjoyment of legal freedom, and though we are usually watched, and every one of us is known by face, and our photographs adorn the albums of all detective departments, for the time being we are not under the necessity of hiding ourselves from anybody. If any one of you should recognise any of us in the future under different circumstances, we ask you earnestly always to act in accordance with your professional duties and your obligations as citizens. In grateful return for your kind attention we have decided to declare your property inviolable, and to invest it with a thieves' taboo. However, I proceed to business."

The orator turned round and gave an order: "Sesoi the Great, will you come this way!"

An enormous fellow with a stoop, whose hands reached to his knees, without a forehead or a neck, like a big, fair Hercules, came forward. He grinned stupidly and rubbed his left eyebrow in his confusion.

"Can't do nothin' here," he said hoarsely.


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text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Franzén, Frans Mikael


text:
Author:Edward Francis Cline

Films directed

 * Daydreams (1922)
 * Cops (1922)
 * Three Ages (1923)

title: Author:Edward Francis Cline


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Biquintile

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Biquintile


text: Copyright Act, 1978/Unamended

title: Copyright Act, 1978/Unamended


text: Index:Gumbasia.ogv

title: Index:Gumbasia.ogv


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title: Page:Gumbasia.ogv/3


text:
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 of the eyes, and the subcircular outline of the preabdomen. Laurie properly compares his  with   Grote & Pitt. It has the outline of body and the limbs of an Eusarcus. Further, the imperfectly known  Semper (1898), a Bohemian form, belongs here. Its subtriangular carapace which gave the species its name and the broad, abruptly contracted preabdomen warrant this reference and Semper has correctly

pointed out the similarity of its species to  and. Finally the  Schmidt is distinctly an Eusarcus, as we have set forth in the appended footnote.


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text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Biquadratic


text:
Page:Englishmen in the French Revolution.djvu/415

Rh Smith (Sydney) Life and Times. By. Illustrated. 8vo, 21s. Smith (W. R.) Laws concerning Public Health. 8vo, 31s. 6d. Spiers' French Dictionary. 29th Edition, remodelled. 2 vols., 8vo, 18s.; half bound, 21s. Spry (W.J.J.; R.N., F.R.G.S) Cruise of H M.S. "Challenger." With Illustrations. 8vo, 18s. Cheap Edit., crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. Spyri (Joh.) Heidi's Early Experiences: a Story for Children and those who love Children. Illustrated, small post 8vo, 4s. 6d. —— Heidi's Further Experiences. Illust., sm. post 8vo, 4s. 6d. Stanley (H. M.) Congo, and Founding its Free State. Illustrated, 2 vols., 8vo, 42s.; re-issue, 2 vols. 8vo, 2s —— How I Found Livingstone. 8vo, 10s. 6d.; cr. 8vo, 7s. 6d. —— Through the Dark Continent. Crown 8vo, 12s. 6d. Start (J. W. K.) Junior Mensuration Exercises. 8d. Stenhouse {Mrs.) Tyranny of Mormonism. An Englishwoman in Utah. New ed., cr. 8vo, cloth elegant, 3s. 6d. ''Sterry (J. Ashby) Cucumber Chronicles. 5s. Stevens (E. W.) Fly-Fishing in Maine Lakes. 8s. 6d. Stevens (T.) Around the World on a Bicycle. Vol.11. 8vo. 16s. Stockton (Frank R.) Rudder Grange. 3s. 6d. —— Bee-Man of Orn, and other Fanciful Tales. Cr. 8vo, 5s The Casting Away of Mrs. Leeks and Mrs. Aleshine. 1s. The Dusantes. Sequel to the above. Sewed, is.;  this and the preceding book in one volume, cloth, 2s. 6d. —— The Hundredth Man. Small post 8vo, 6s. —— The Late Mrs. Null. Small post 8vo, 6s. —— The Story of Viteau. Illust. Cr. 8vo, 5s. ——— See also  Stoker (Bram) Under the Sunset. Crown 8vo, 6s. Storer (Professor F. H.) Agriculture in its Relations to  Chemistry. 2 vols., 8vo, 25s. Stowe (Mrs. Beecher) Dred. Cloth, gilt edges, 3s. 6d.; cloth, 2s. —— Flowers and Fruit from her Writings. Sm. post 8vo, 3s. 6d —— Little Foxes''. Cheap Ed., 1s.) Library Edition, 4s. 6d. —— My Wife and I. Cloth, 2s.


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 The presence of the genus Eusarcus in the Frankfort fauna is demonstrated by various characteristic parts of the integument, viz, two forms of carapaces, cordiform metastomas so typical of Eusarcus, extremely broad and short tergites, the long conical postabdominal segments, a telson, and fragments with the characteristic ornamentation. The metastomas are probably the most conclusive of these, no other genus having furnished singularly broad and short subtriangular plates.

The two species here described are for the present entirely based on the carapaces and the other parts of the integument are noted below.

The genus hence comprises the following species:


text:
Author:Claude Reignier Conder

Works

 * The City of Jerusalem
 * The Bible and the East
 * The Hittites and their Language
 * (in part)
 * (in part)

title: Author:Claude Reignier Conder


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 As minor characters which, however, also contribute to give Eusarcus its peculiar or even odd appearance and which seem to be present in all the species before cited, may be mentioned the strong development of the spines of the walking legs, the relatively great length of the seventh segment of the swimming legs and the peculiar surface sculpture, which in all representatives shows a strong tendency to become tuberculate instead of triangular-scaly as in the others, i.e. the scales are much smaller, more crowded and more or less circular in outline.

Three of the generic characters are closely correlated and combined. They indicate an attitude of the animal wholly different from that of Eurypterus. These are the triangular carapace, the frontal position of the compound eyes and the predominant size of the anterior walking legs. These characters demonstrate that Eusarcus raised the eyebearing front end of its carapace highest above the ground while Eurypterus brought its broad shovel-shaped frontal part down to the ground in walking.

Another peculiarity is intimately connected with this style of bearing the carapace. Though at first glance it is apparently of minor importance, it gives species of Eusarcus a very different aspect from those of Eurypterus and indicates a difference of habit in the two genera. In Eurypterus the walking legs are invariably bent backward in the fossil state, while in Eusarcus they are as invariably bent forward. In the living animals their direction was downward in Eurypterus as well as in Eusarcus but while in the former the posterior spines are the longer, in Eusarcus the anterior ones were either longer or at least of equal length with the posterior. The greater length of the posterior row of spines in Eurypterus must have emphasized the effect of the greater length of the posterior legs in bringing the front of the carapace down and, likewise, the greater length of the anterior row in Eusarcus would have increased the effect of the greater length of the anterior legs and assisted in lifting up the front


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28 Stowe (Mrs. Beecher) Old Town Folk. 6s. —— We and our Neighbours. 2s. —— Poganuc People. 2s. —— See also. Strachan (J.) Explorations and Adventures in New Guinea. Illust., crown 8vo, 12s. Stuttfield (Hugh E. M.) El Maghreb: 1200 Miles' Ride through Marocco. 8s. 6d. Sullivan (A. M.) Nutshell History of Ireland. Paper boards, 6d.

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Rh ), and lives with her in poverty because of his father's displeasure. On a subsequent voyage he bears her portrait on the prow of the ship, where it is seen by her father. A former suitor meets him on his return to court with his wife (in III. goes with him) and throws him into the sea either by violence or by a ruse. He is cast up on an island (in III. is carried thither in a boat by the ghost in human form), whence he is conveyed by the ghost, on condition of receiving half of his first son, or half of what he loves best, to the court just as the princess is to marry the traitor. By a ruse he enters the palace and is recognized. Later the ghost appears, but stays Jean when he is about to sacrifice his son.

Jean de Calais VI., though from Brittany instead of southern France, does not differ greatly from the above, nor from I. Jean buries the dead man and ransoms two women on a single voyage, as in I. He is kindly received at home in spite of his extravagance, in which the variant differs from III., IV., and V., and he marries one of the maidens there. On his next voyage the King of Portugal (as in I. and III.) recognizes his daughter's portrait and that of her maid, which the hero has displayed on his ship. He brings his wife to the court, after which they go back, together with a former suitor, for their possessions. On the voyage Jean is thrown overboard, but is washed up on an island, whither the ghost comes, announces himself immediately, and bargains rescue for half of the hero's child. Jean is transported to court miraculously, and there meets with the customary adventures at the close of the tale.

The variant is chiefly peculiar, it will be remarked, in placing the treachery of the former suitor after the marriage has been recognized by the king, and in making the ghost announce himself at once. Jean makes no blind bargain, a fact which detracts somewhat from the interest.

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 of the carapace. The position of the longer row of spines, however, will determine the side on which the walking legs come to rest when limply sinking to the bottom.

The difference in the walking legs finds its strongest expression in the fourth pair. In Eurypterus the fourth is not only longer and thinner than the others, but also lacks the spines, while in Eusarcus, it is the shortest leg of the last three pairs, though equally strong and, like the others, provided with spines on all segments.

Another difference consists in the form of the swimming legs. Corresponding to the plumper, heavier form of Eusarcus, these legs are more powerfully developed. The paddles are much longer and broader, while the preceding segments, connecting with the coxae, are much shortened and thickened, so that the eighth segment in Eusarcus is fully as long or even longer (in old individuals) than the 2–6 segments together. The latter segments are consequently, in their proportions and even in their form, entirely different from those of Eurypterus. In these characters the swimming leg of Eusarcus has become closely like that of larger species of Pterygotus such as.

Grote & Pitt. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. Bul. 1875. 3:1, pl. 1

Grote & Pitt. Ibid. p. 17

Pohlman. Ibid. 1881. 4:21

Semper. Beitr. z. Pal. u. Geol. Oesterr.-Ung. u. d. Orients. 1898. 11:86 et seq.

Seeman. id. 1906. 19:57

Not  Pohlman. op. cit. 1886. 5:29–30, pl. 3, fig. 3

Our description of this hitherto very imperfectly known species is based on the remains of 20 specimens, apparently all that have been thus far secured. Seven of these are entire, or nearly entire, specimens and one


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 of them is a young individual. Among the fragments are some that prove that this inelegant squatty eurypterid attained to similar gigantic proportions as the associated Pterygotus. The material at hand permits us to give a fairly complete description of both the dorsal and ventral aspects and of the various appendages.

Description. The outline of the body is a very broad oval, acute anteriorly and broadly rounded posteriorly, where a tubular tail (postabdomen) of equal length is affixed, ending in a long, curved telson, of again half the length of the tail.

Cephalothorax. The cephalothorax is about as broad as long, its outline is bluntly subtriangular, the two lateral margins converging at an angle of about 50° toward the anterior end which is truncated. The base is but little longer than the lateral margin (about one thirteenth). The anterior margin is about one third as long as the lateral margin. The posterior margin bends gently forward in the middle and is well rounded and projects slightly at the postlateral angles. The lateral margins were moderately convex; the frontal line slightly emarginate. There is evidence that the carapace was relatively convex along the middle axis and that it remained so to the anterior margin or even culminated there, where the compound eyes were borne on the sides of this frontal snoutlike prominence. The compound eyes are kidney-shaped, apparently smooth, without recognizable facets, about one tenth the length of the carapace and situated at the antelateral corners of the latter. The ocelli, well shown in one specimen, lie a little behind the center of the carapace [ pl. 29], and probably occupied the apex of the head shield. The doublure is narrow at the sides; along the posterior margin it is 2 mm wide in medium sized specimens.

Abdomen. The abdomen is broad and depressed in the anterior portion and narrow and tubular in the posterior portion, the two parts contrasting in a most striking manner. The dorsal side of the anterior preabdomen appears to have been entirely flat, but the middle third of the posterior part projects above the flat or slightly concave pleural portions


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Franzensbad


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 not Noah himelf at all ; for we read not of any children he had after the flood; and in the following chapter, where his poterity is reckoned up, there is no mention of any; and o this benediction in ucceion was not to take place till 350 years after : and to ave our author's imaginary monarchy, the peopling of the world mut be deferred 350 years ; for this part of the benediction cannot be undertood with ubordination, unles our author will ay, that they mut ak leave of their father Noah to lie with their wives. But in this one point our author is contant to himelf in all his dicoures, he takes great care there hould be monarchs in the world, but very little that there hould be people ; and indeed his way of government is not the way to people the world : for how much abolute monarchy helps to fulfil this great and primary bleing of God Almighty, Be fruitful and multiply, and replenih the earth, which contains in it the improvement too of arts and ciences, and the conveniences of life, may be een in thoe large and rich countries which are happy under the Turkih government, where are not now to be found one third, nay in many, if not mot parts of them one thirtieth, perhaps I might ay not one hundredth of the people, that were formerly, as will eaily appear to any one, who will compare the accounts we have of it at this


text:
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title: Help:Film


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kellgren, Johan Henrik


text:
Page:Two Treatises of Government.djvu/35

 it, it was due to him by the right of nature, to be an author, as much as it was to Adam to be governor of his children, when he had begot them : and if to be uch a monarch of the world, an abolute monarch in habit, but not in act, will erve the turn, I hould not much envy it to any of Sir Robert's friends, that he thought fit graciouly to betow it upon, though even this of act and habit, if it ignified any thing but our author's kill in ditinctions, be not to his purpoe in this place. For the quetion is not here about Adams actual exercie of government, but actually having a title to be governor. Government, ays our author, was due to Adam by the right of nature : what is this right of nature ? A right fathers have over their children by begetting them; generatione jus acquiritur parentibus in liberos, ays our author out of Grotius, Obervations, 223. The right then follows the begetting as ariing from it ; o that, according to this way of reaoning or ditinguihing of our author, Adam, as oon as he was created, had a title only in habit, and not in act, which in plain Englih is, he had actually no title at all.

§. 19. To peak les learnedly, and more intelligibly, one may ay of Adam, he was in a poibility of being governor, ince it was poible he might beget children, and thereby acquire that right of nature, be it what it will, to govern them, that accrues from Rh


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 and this median convexity grades into the round postabdomen. The ventral side of the preabdomen was more strongly and uniformly convex than the dorsal. In outline the abdomen widens so rapidly that at the third and fourth dorsal segments, where it is broadest, it is already more than twice as wide as the head shield at its base. With the next two segments it contracts abruptly to the postabdomen.

Preabdomen. The tergites are broad, short plates; those in the middle are five times as broad as long. First tergite much shorter than the others, its posterior margin parallel to the posterior margin of the carapace; anterior margin uniformly and deeply concave, the segment having a shape approaching a crescent; antelateral angles produced into blunt ears. In most specimens this plate is pushed under the cephalothorax, sometimes, as in the type, so much that only its posterior margin remains visible. Second tergite also very concave in front, its antelateral angles projected forward. Posterior margin with a low broad concavity in the middle. This and the following tergites are much longer in the lateral than in the middle portions.

The five sternites or ventral segments are strongly curved forward and convex, of relatively great length, the latter amounting to one fourth of the width in the typical middle plates of the series.

Operculum differing from the following plates in outline but little if any longer. Anterior margin not seen in perfect preservation, but the evidence at hand indicates that the antelateral angles were truncated and well rounded and the remainder of the margin straight transverse. Posterior margin notably less curved backward near the sides than the following sternites, but produced into two prominent blunt lobes at either side of the median cleft.

The other sternites possess a double curvature. They are strongly curved forward in the middle half. The anterior margin becomes so deeply concave on either side that a middle transverse line passing through the center of the last sternite will touch the interior edge of these sinuses. The antelateral angles are produced into prominent ears. Corresponding to the anterior margin the posterior margin shows two


text:
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 broad, well rounded lobes on either side of the broad median sinus. Postlateral angles obliquely truncated and rounded. The second sternite has also the posterior angles of the median cleft well rounded off, while in the succeeding plates the posterior margin is continuous.

As the specimen reproduced in plate 35, figure 5 shows, the sternites were not only very convex in outline, but also highly arched, forming a high ventral vault.

The postabdomen forms a slender tail that sharply contrasts with that of the extremely broad preabdomen. The curved telson spine combines with the long tubular postabdomen to produce the singularly scorpioid aspect of the tail.

The first postabdominal segment which closes the interval between the broad preabdominal and the following narrow segments resembles the former in the dorsal and ventral aspects, as in other eurypterids. It is a short ring, about three times as wide as long, contracting posteriorly by one third of its width. The other segments are practically tubular. Their relative length increases so strongly backward that while the second segment is not quite half as long as wide, the last is six times as long as wide. The numerous marginal wrinkles and the form of the median portion of some less compressed segments indicate that the section of the last segments was nearly or quite circular.

The telson is a curved, stout spine, half as long as the postabdomen or equal in length to the last two segments. Its first two thirds are gently, and the last third strongly curved downward. Its basal portion is swollen globularly on the ventral side and hollowed out on the dorsal, thus forming an articulation specially adapted to a strong up and down movement in the vertical plane. The compressed condition of the telsons in our material has not permitted a clear view of the section but the keellike projections which appear on the lateral view indicate that the spine was probably four-sided. The edges of the keels are serrate.

Appendages. The chelicerae have been seen in position in two specimens [ pl. 32] and one well preserved chelicera has been found detached


text:
Page:Two Treatises of Government.djvu/36

 thence : but what connection has this with Adam's creation, to make him ay, that as oon as he was created, he was monarch of the world? for it may be as well aid of Noah, that as oon as he was born, he was monarch of the world, ince he was in poibility (which in our author's ene is enough to make a monarch, a monarch in habit, ) to outlive all mankind, but his own poterity. What uch neceary connection there is betwixt Adam's creation and his right to government, o that a natural freedom of mankind cannot be uppoed without the denial of the creation of Adam, I confes for my part I do not ee; nor how thoe words, by the appointment, &c. Obervations, 254. how ever explained, can be put together, to make any tolerable ene, at leat to etablih this poition, with which they end, ''viz. Adam was a king from his creation''; a king, ays our author, not in act, but in habit, i. e. actually no king at all.

§. 20. I fear I have tired my reader's patience, by dwelling longer on this paage, than the weightines of any argument in it eems to require : but I have unavoidably been engaged in it by our author's way of writing, who, hudling everal uppoitions together, and that in doubtful and general terms, makes uch a medly and confuion, that it is impoible to hew his mitakes, without examining the everal enes wherein his


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 [ pl. 31]. These preoral appendages were the only prehensile organs of the animal; they are, therefore, of relatively large size. If the separate chelicera belongs to the specimen alongside which it lies—of which there is


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 little doubt—then it attained three fourths the length of the carapace. The basal segment is broad and massive, three times as long as wide, contracting slightly at the distal end. The two segments forming the pincers are but half as long as the basal segment, broad at the base and furnished with very acute, slightly curved tips. In the type of the species [ pl. 31] the basal segments alone are seen, turned back to their full length; in plate 32 the pincers and a part of the basal segments are folded backward.

The walking legs are all relatively short but massive and are provided throughout with very long, stout, curved spines. The first pair is very short and project a little at the tips beyond the margin of the carapace; the second is the longest of the series and the following two pairs again decrease in size, the third being but little shorter than the second, while the fourth is shorter by about one third. In old individuals [ pl. 33, fig. 2] the spines on the first leg attain one third the length of the whole member.

The coxa has been seen only in the leg referred to. It is here elongate, widens toward the base and is about as long as the following segment. The distal part is drawn out into a curved neck bearing the manducatory edge on its inner side. The teeth, which form a decreasing series, are long and sharp. Just above the first is a large round scar which may be the base of a much larger tooth at the head of the series, such as is found in other eurypterids. At the end of the series is a small round node


text:
Page:Two Treatises of Government.djvu/37

 his words may be taken, and without eeing how, in any of thee various meanings, they will conit together, and have any truth in them : for in this preent paage before us, how can any one argue againt this poition of his, that Adam was a king from his creation, unles one examine, whether the words, from his creation, be to be taken, as they may, for the time of the commencement of his government, as the foregoing words import, as oon as he was created he was monarch ; or, for the caue of it, as he ays, p. 11. creation made man prince of his poterity ? how farther can one judge of the truth of his being thus king, till one has examined whether king be to be taken, as the words in the beginning of this paage would peruade, on uppoition of his private dominion, which was, by God's poitive grant, monarch of the world by appointment; or king on uppoition of his fatherly power over his off-pring, which was by nature, due by the right of nature; whether, I ay, king be to be taken in both, or one only of thee two enes, or in neither of them, but only this, that creation made him prince, in a way different from both the other ? For though this aertion, that Adam was king from his creation, be true in no ene, yet it tands here as an evident concluion drawn from the preceding words, though in truth it be but a bare aertion joined to other aertions of the ame kind, which confidently put to- Rh


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 which may correspond to the finely haired cushion which Holm observed on the coxa of the first walking leg and which he considers as possibly corresponding to the epicoxite of the following legs. The posterior portion of the coxa is partly lost as shown by the broken edge. The next segment is short and broad, about as wide as long, while the third, the longest of the series, is twice as long as wide. The following segments decrease rapidly in length and at a lesser rate in width. The terminal segment is spiniform. The spines, two of which are borne on each segment, save the first two and the last, increase in size regularly to the distal spines which are the longest.

The detached walking leg consists of seven segments. Its short and thick form and the composition of seven segments indicate that it was one of the first pair of walking legs. None of the following legs have been seen entirely free, but the combined evidence of our specimens leads to the inference that they consisted of eight segments each, as in Eurypterus.

The swimming leg, corresponding to the plump form of the animal, is of massive proportions and furnished with a large paddle. The seventh and eighth segments forming the latter, are greatly lengthened and broadened and the segments connecting this paddle with the coxa are shortened and swollen for the reception of powerful muscles, held together by strongly interlocking articulations and, as their frequent plastic preservation shows, were covered by a thick periderm. Compared with the swimming leg of the species of Eurypterus this leg makes the impression of a much stronger,


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kellogg, Clara Louise


text: Author:Ernest George Coker

title: Author:Ernest George Coker


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 but less active and movable organ. The coxa has not been seen entirely free. Enough, however, is shown to indicate that it is of a rhomboidal outline, like that of Eurypterus, differing in that it is relatively higher and shorter [ pl. 32]. The gnathobase is not preserved in the specimen cited. The second segment is not short and ringlike as in Eurypterus, but cup-shaped, widening rapidly distally. It is connected by the narrow ringlike or wedge-shaped third segment to the ringlike fourth segment. In an old

individual [text fig. 57] the three segments mentioned form a powerful spherical part of the leg. The fifth segment is ringlike on the underside of the limb, widens out and is extended anteriorly on the upper side. Near the center of the flaring upper portion of this segment the next, sixth, segment is inserted. This appears from both sides as a triangular, or originally rather conical body, the distal basal surface of which is deeply emarginate on the posterior side and extended on the anterior, so as to fit into the deeply emarginate basal portion of the seventh joint. The latter is by far the broadest segment of the limb and nearly as long as


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 the following, the palette. It is subrectangular in general outline, its length is one fifth longer than the width, the proximal and distal sides both deeply notched for articulation. The upper angle of the proximal side is evenly rounded, the lower much produced to meet a corresponding notch in the preceding segment. The lower part of the distal side is produced into a triangular plate about one third as long as the segment and separated from it by a transverse suture. The other upper part of the distal margin is nearly straight. The eighth segment is a very long oval, twice as long as wide, the distal end being the more slender. The terminal segment is subcircular in outline and relatively large.

The metastoma is heart-shaped in outline and relatively short. The frontal margin is the longest; it seems to be slightly emarginate, but the preservation is not clear enough to determine this point. Length and width of plate nearly equal. The antelateral angles are well rounded and the sides contract in a gentle curve to the blunt posterior extremity.

Genital appendages. Of these only the female have been seen in two examples. In the older of the two the appendage begins with two triangular (or subpentagonal) basal members, not seen in the younger individual, as the sutures which separate them from the opercular plates are not developed. These plates inclose an elongate sagittate base similar in shape to that of. At the posterior angles of the latter two semicircular lobes are observable which probably covered the genital openings. From it proceeds the slender middle portion which is convex along the median line and flat along the borders. The distal extremity is seen in the younger specimen. Here it consists of two converging obtuse pieces with parallel inner and converging outer sides. The basal portion which is sagittate in the older individual is rounded or


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Page:Two Treatises of Government.djvu/38

 in words of undetermined and dubious meaning, look like a ort of arguing, when there is indeed neither proof nor connection : a way very familiar with our author: of which having given the reader a tate here, I hall, as much as the argument will permit me, avoid touching on hereafter; and hould not have done it here, were it not to let the world ee, how incoherences in matter, and uppoitions without proofs put handomely together in good words and a plauible tile, are apt to pas for trong reaon and good ene, till they come to be looked into with attention.

CHAP. IV. Of Adam's Title to Sovereignty by Donation, Gen. i. 28.

at lat got through the foregoing paage, where we have been o long detained, not by the force of arguments and oppoition, but the intricacy of the words, and the doubtfulnes of the meaning ; let us go on to his next argument, for Adam's overeignty. Our author tells us in the words of Mr. Selden, that Adam by donation from God, Gen. i. 28. was made the general lord of all things, not without uch a private dominion to himelf as without ''his grant did exclude his children. This determination of Mr.'' Selden, ays our author, is 3


text:
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252 The gentleman in the sandy suit spoke for him, turning to the committee.

"Gentlemen, before you stands a respected member of our association. His specialty is breaking open safes, iron strong boxes, and other receptacles for monetary tokens. In his night work he sometimes avails himself of the electric current of the lighting installation for fusing metals. Unfortunately he has nothing on which he can demonstrate the best items of his repertoire. He will open the most elaborate lock irreproachably. . . . By the way, this door here, it's locked, is it not?"

Every one turned to look at the door, on which a printed notice hung: "Stage Door. Strictly Private."

"Yes, the door's locked, evidently," the chairman agreed.

"Admirable. Sesoi the Great, will you be so kind?"

"'Tain't nothin' at all," said the giant leisurely.

He went close to the door, shook it cautiously with his hand, took out of his pocket a small bright instrument, bent down to the keyhole, made some almost imperceptible movements with the tool, suddenly straightened and flung the door wide in silence. The chairman had his watch in his hands. The whole affair took only ten seconds.

"Thank you, Sesoi the Great," said the gentleman in the sandy suit politely. "You may go back to your seat."

But the chairman interrupted in some alarm: "Excuse me. This is all very interesting and instructive, but . . . is it included in your esteemed colleague's profession to be able to lock the door again?"

"Ah, mille pardons." The gentleman bowed hurriedly. "It slipped my mind. Sesoi the Great, would you oblige?"

The door was locked with the same adroitness and the same silence. The esteemed colleague waddled back to his friends, grinning.

"Now I will have the honour to show you the skill of one of our comrades who is in the line of picking pockets in theatres and railway-stations," continued the orator. "He is still very young, but you may to some extent judge from the delicacy of his present work of the heights he will attain by diligence. Yasha!" A swarthy youth in a blue silk blouse and long glacé boots, like a gipsy, came forward with


text:
Page:Earle, Does Price Fixing Destroy Liberty, 1920, 149.jpg

The Supreme Court has long since declared that Liberty is the greatest of all rights, and it has become so firmly established that in relation to property rights it constitutes the cornerstone of all constitutional protection.

The questions constantly asked: "Why Anglo-Saxon civilization has flourished so much longer than many of its predecessors, and whether it may be hoped that it will avoid the deadly fossilization or death of so many of its predecessors," may find their complete answer in maintaining the safeguards established for the preservation of individual rights under its forms of government. The determination of these present questions by the Supreme Court involves the greater issue whether the tendencies to decay are to be further averted or to be given full swing, with all their deadening effects.

Liberty, and Liberty alone, is the safeguard—the Liberty preserved through all these centuries. Well did the House of Lords say in the Nordenfelt Case: "The public have an interest in every person carrying on his trade freely; so has the individual. All interference with individual liberty of action, in trading, and all restraints of trade of themselves, if there is nothing more, are contrary to public policy." As widely as and  differed,


text:
Page:Earle, Does Price Fixing Destroy Liberty, 1920, 150.jpg

150 they both concurred that it was unlawful "to deprive the public of the advantages which flow from free competition." And well did the Supreme Court say in Loewe vs. Lawlor: "At common law, every person has individually, and the public also has collectively, a right to require that the course of trade should be kept free from unreasonable obstruction."

If it be asked why the Courts, for upward of five centuries, have been so continuously and constantly insisting upon the preservation of this Liberty, the answer must go deeper, but is no less clear.

Until what the English and American jurists had worked out instinctively was analyzed by philosophers, there was no satisfactory answer to the oft made inquiry: Why so many nations, having attained a high civilization from which a greater advance was to be expected, suddenly became stationary, or fell into decadence? Why was it that hordes of free barbarians had so frequently, and apparently with such ease, overthrown much better organized and higher forms of civilization? These questions were never satisfactorily answered until physiological truth was realized that as you cannot have complete health and continuing growth without freedom, so you cannot have moral, political and economic development without Liberty. Put mind, body, trade or government in too tight bonds and deterioration, if not death, is the inevitable consequence.

But, in civilization, this tendency always exists, because of the profound effects of Liberty and co-operation. Liberty makes men; co-operation makes enlargement of wealth. As the spider ultimately devours her


text:
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 its power convenient and honest, 312.

Executive, 242-293; relations of,

title: Page:Congressional Government.djvu/362


text:
Page:The Eurypterida of New York Volume 1.pdf/248

 heart-shaped in the younger [ pl. 33, fig. 3]. The organ was slender and relatively long; in the larger specimen it extends, incomplete as it is, to the third sternite. The appendage of the second sternite has not been observed.

Ornamentation. The ornamentation of this species is characterized by the small size, but immense number and round circular form of the scales and tubercles. The carapace uniformly bears small tubercles, giving it a shagreen surface. The coxa, the metastoma and the muscular joints of the walking and swimming legs have somewhat larger scales most of which have the form of slightly tilted disks with the anterior segment cut away or submerged in the periderm, the posterior portion being raised. The tergite of a mature individual bears rather widely scattered, larger semicircular to low triangular scales which terminate rather abruptly or become fewer and smaller over the posterior doublures but continue on their overlapped anterior parts. On the sternites the scales are arranged in distinct bands, the anterior halves of the plates being covered with such a densely crowded mass of small semicircular scars that the naked eye fails to discern them. These increase in size to the middle of the sternite where they form a zone of larger semicircular to crescentic scars which are less densely arranged and become farther separated posteriorly until they almost entirely disappear above the doublure. Between these larger scales numerous small ones, often of microscopic size, are interspersed. The opercular plates differed from the other sternites in being almost entirely covered with the larger scales which are much more densely arranged than on the following plates, but are also lacking along the posterior border. The pentagonal and sagittate basal portions of the female genital appendage are ornamented like the opercular plate.

The postabdomen, as a whole, bears scales of the size and distribution of those on the tergites. They lengthen, however, posteriorly, approximately in proportion to the remarkable lengthening of these postabdominal segments until on the last segment they have become acutely pointed.


text: Author:Robert Geoffrey Ellis

title: Author:Robert Geoffrey Ellis


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 The telson is furnished with small circular scales on the swollen basal part and with long spinelike scales on the remainder.

Horizon and localities. Remains of this species have been found only in the Bertie waterlime quarries at Williamsville and Buffalo, N. Y.

Observations. The relative size of some of the largest fragments indicates that  reached at least a length of four fifths of a meter or 2–3 feet and thus belonged to the larger members of the eurypterid fauna of the waterlimes. It attained at least half the size of the giants of this fauna, the two species of Pterygotus.

Lacking the long and powerful pincers of those dangerous competitors, the principal or sole organ of defense and offense must have been the telson spine. In correspondence with this important function the postabdomen is so much extended that, with the telson, it greatly exceeds


text:
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 in length the remainder of the body. The curved position of the postabdomen in several specimens demonstrates the great flexibility of this part, while the downward curvature of the telson would make it a dangerous weapon when the postabdomen is thrown forward over the body, as this action would bring the tenninal spine into the position of an upturned sharp pointed scimitar.

There is a striking morphological similarity between the telson of Eusarcus and the tail of the scorpion and in view of this and the acknowledged close relationship of the merostomes with the scorpions, it becomes a fair question whether the tail spine may not have been equipped with poison glands. The preservation of the telson is not such as to permit the determination of the presence or absence of apical pores for the emission of the venom, or of the poison canal in the compressed spine. The form of the body of the animal does not suggest great agility, either in walking or swimming, but rather a habit of burrowing in mud or lying in wait for prey. In the absence of powerful prehensile organs of long reach, a quick dispatch of the prey must have been a necessity and this could have been well accomplished by an agile and venomous telson.

The table of measurements shows that the young individual exhibits interesting and probably phylogenetically significant differences from the adult in the general proportions of its body. The most notable of these is the relatively greater width of the preabdomen; for while in the young the proportion of length to width here is as 2 : 3, in the older specimens it is as 4 : 5. The postabdomen also is relatively wider or stouter than in the older individuals, while on the other hand, the relative lengths of preabdomen, postabdomen and telson to the total length have remained nearly the same. Still younger individuals would surely show other differences in these ratios. The cephalothorax which in our young and old individuals occupies about one sixth of the length and is a relatively insignificant part of the body, compared with the other eurypterids, has most probably lost in relative proportion during ontogenetic development.