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Rh of our wildest flowers are the colours of a Roman pavement.

Britain was directly Roman for fully four hundred years; longer than she has been Protestant, and very much longer than she has been industrial. What was meant by being Roman it is necessary in a few lines to say, or no sense can be made of what happened after, especially of what happened immediately after. Being Roman did not mean being subject, in the sense that one savage tribe will enslave another, or in the sense that the cynical politicians of recent times watched with a horrible hopefulness for the evanescence of the Irish. Both conquerors and conquered were heathen, and both had the institutions which seem to us to give an inhumanity to heathenism: the triumph, the slave-market, the lack of all the sensitive nationalism of modern history. But the Roman Empire did not destroy nations; if anything, it created them. Britons were not originally proud of being Britons; but they were proud of being Romans. The Roman steel was at least as much a magnet as a sword. In truth it was rather a round mirror of steel, in which every people came to see itself. For Rome as Rome the very smallness of the civic origin was a warrant for the largeness of the civic experiment. Rome itself obviously could not rule the world, any more than Rutland. I mean it could not rule the other races as the Spartans ruled the Helots or the Americans ruled the negroes. A machine so huge had to be human; it had to have a Rh


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Rh handle that fitted any man's hand. The Roman Empire necessarily became less Roman as it became more of an Empire; until not very long after Rome gave conquerors to Britain, Britain was giving emperors to Rome. Out of Britain, as the Britons boasted came at length the great Empress Helena, who was the mother of Constantine. And it was Constantine, as all men know, who first nailed up that proclamation which all after generations have in truth been struggling either to protect or to tear down.

About that revolution no man has ever been able to be impartial. The present writer will make no idle pretence of being so. That it was the most revolutionary of all revolutions, since it identified the dead body on a servile gibbet with the fatherhood in the skies, has long been a commonplace without ceasing to be a paradox. But there is another historic element that must also be realized. Without saying anything more of its tremendous essence, it is very necessary to note why even pre-Christian Rome was regarded as something mystical for long afterwards by all European men. The extreme view of it was held, perhaps, by Dante; but it pervaded mediævalism, and therefore still haunts modernity. Rome was regarded as Man, mighty, though fallen, because it was the utmost that Man had done. It was divinely necessary that the Roman Empire should succeed—if only that it might fail. Hence the school of Dante implied the paradox that the Roman soldiers killed Christ, not only Rh

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Rh by right, but even by divine right. That mere law might fail at its highest test it had to be real law, and not mere military lawlessness. Therefore God worked by Pilate as by Peter. Therefore the mediæval poet is eager to show that Roman government was simply good government, and not a usurpation. For it was the whole point of the Christian revolution to maintain that in this, good government was as bad as bad. Even good government was not good enough to know God among the thieves. This is not only generally important as involving a colossal change in the conscience; the loss of the whole heathen repose in the complete sufficiency of the city or the state. It made a sort of eternal rule enclosing an eternal rebellion. It must be incessantly remembered through the first half of English history; for it is the whole meaning in the quarrel of the priests and kings.

The double rule of the civilization and the religion in one sense remained for centuries; and before its first misfortunes came it must be conceived as substantially the same everywhere. And however it began it largely ended in equality. Slavery certainly existed, as it had in the most democratic states of ancient times. Harsh officialism certainly existed, as it exists in the most democratic states of modern times. But there was nothing of what we mean in modern times by aristocracy, still less of what we mean by racial domination. In so far as any change was passing over that society with its two levels of Rh


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Rh equal citizens and equal slaves, it was only the slow growth of the power of the Church at the expense of the power of the Empire. Now it is important to grasp that the great exception to equality, the institution of Slavery, was slowly modified by both causes. It was weakened both by the weakening of the Empire and by the strengthening of the Church.

Slavery was for the Church not a difficulty of doctrine, but a strain on the imagination. Aristotle and the pagan sages who had defined the servile or "useful" arts, had regarded the slave as a tool, an axe to cut wood or whatever wanted cutting. The Church did not denounce the cutting; but she felt as if she was cutting glass with a diamond. She was haunted by the memory that the diamond is so much more precious than the glass. So Christianity could not settle down into the pagan simplicity that the man was made for the work, when the work was so much less immortally momentous than the man. At about this stage of a history of England there is generally told the anecdote of a pun of Gregory the Great; and this is perhaps the true point of it. By the Roman theory the barbarian bondmen were meant to be useful. The saint's mysticism was moved at finding them ornamental; and "Non Angli sed Angeli" meant more nearly "Not slaves, but souls." It is to the point, in passing, to note that in the modern country most collectively Christian, Russia, the serfs were always referred to as "souls." The Rh


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Rh great Pope's phrase, hackneyed as it is, is perhaps the first glimpse of the golden halos in the best Christian Art. Thus the Church, with whatever other faults, worked of her own nature towards greater social equality; and it is a historical error to suppose that the Church hierarchy worked with aristocracies, or was of a kind with them. It was an inversion of aristocracy; in the ideal of it, at least, the last were to be first. The Irish bull that "One man is as good as another and a great deal better" contains a truth, like many contradictions; a truth that was the link between Christianity and citizenship. Alone of all superiors, the saint does not depress the human dignity of others. He is not conscious of his superiority to them; but only more conscious of his inferiority than they are.

But while a million little priests and monks like mice were already nibbling at the bonds of the ancient servitude, another process was going on, which has here been called the weakening of the Empire. It is a process which is to this day very difficult to explain. But it affected all the institutions of all the provinces, especially the institution of Slavery. But of all the provinces its effect was heaviest in Britain, which lay on or beyond the borders. The case of Britain, however, cannot possibly be considered alone. The first half of English history has been made quite unmeaning n the schools by the attempt to tell it without reference to that corporate Christendom in which it took part and pride. I Rh


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 fully accept the truth in Mr. Kipling's question of "What can they know of England who only England know?" and merely differ from the view that they will best broaden their minds by the study of Wagga-Wagga and Timbuctoo. It is therefore necessary, though very difficult, to frame in few words some idea of what happened to the whole European race.

Rome itself, which had made all that strong world, was the weakest thing in it. The centre had been growing fainter and fainter, and now the centre disappeared. Rome had as much freed the world as ruled it, and now she could rule no more. Save for the presence of the Pope and his constantly increasing supernatural prestige, the eternal city became like one of her own provincial towns. A loose localism was the result rather than any conscious intellectual mutiny. There was anarchy, but there was no rebellion. For rebellion must have a principle, and therefore (for those who can think) an authority. Gibbon called his great pageant of prose "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire." The Empire did decline, but it did not fall. It remains to this hour.

By a process very much more indirect even than that of the Church, this decentralization and drift also worked against the slave-state of antiquity. The localism did indeed produce that choice of territorial chieftains which came to be called Feudalism, and of which we shall speak later. But the direct possession of man by man the same localism tended to destroy; though this Rh


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Rh negative influence upon it bears no kind of proportion to the positive influence of the Catholic Church. The later pagan slavery, like our own industrial labour which increasingly resembles it, was worked on a larger and larger scale; and it was at last too large to control. The bondman found the visible Lord more distant than the new invisible one. The slave became the serf; that is, he could be shut in, but not shut out. When once he belonged to the land, it could not be long before the land belonged to him. Even in the old and rather fictitious language of chattel slavery, there is here a difference. It is the difference between a man being a chair and a man being a house. Canute might call for his throne; but if he wanted his throne-room he must go and get it himself. Similarly, he could tell his slave to run, but he could only tell his serf to stay. Thus the two slow changes of the time both tended to transform the tool into a man. His status began to have roots; and whatever has roots will have rights.

What the decline did involve everywhere was decivilization; the loss of letters, of laws, of roads and means of communication, the exaggeration of local colour into caprice. But on the edges of the Empire this decivilization became a definite barbarism, owing to the nearness of wild neighbours who were ready to destroy as deafly and blindly as things are destroyed by fire. Save for the lurid and apocalyptic locust-flight of the Huns, it is perhaps an exaggeration to talk, even Rh


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Rh perhaps permissible to disagree with the historian Green when he says that no spot should be more sacred to modern Englishmen than the neighbourhood of Ramsgate, where the Schleswig people are supposed to have landed; or when he suggests that their appearance is the real beginning of our island story. It would be rather more true to say that it was nearly, though prematurely, the end of it. Rh


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 CHAPTER XI

THE RED CLOUD DEPARTS

", dad. I wish you were going along with us," said Tom to his father next morning. "You don't know what you're going to miss. A fine trip of several hundred miles through the air, seeing strange sights, and experiencing new sensations."

"Yes, I wish you would reconsider your determination, and accompany us," added Mr. Damon. "I would enjoy your company."

"There's plenty of room. We can carry six persons with ease," said Mr. Sharp.

Mr. Swift shook his head, and smiled.

"I have too much work to do here at home," he replied. "Perhaps I may astonish you with something when you come back. I have nearly perfected my latest invention."

There was no combating such a resolution as this, and Tom and the others considered the decision of the aged inventor as final. The airship Rh

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104 was ready for the start, and every one had arisen earlier than usual on this account. The bag of tools, for which Tom had gone to town, were put in their proper place, the last of the supplies were taken abroad, final tests were made of the various apparatus, the motor had been given a trial spin, disconnected from the propellers, and then the balloonist announced:

"Well, Tom and Mr. Damon, you had better begin to think of starting. We've had breakfast here, but there's no telling where we will eat dinner."

"Bless my soul! Don't you talk that way!" exclaimed Mr. Damon. "You make me exceedingly nervous. Why shouldn't we know where we are going to eat dinner?"

"Oh, I meant we couldn't tell over just what part of the United States we would be when dinner time came," explained the aeronaut.

"Oh, that's different. Bless my pocket knife, but I thought you meant we might be dashed to pieces, and incapable of eating any dinner."

"Hardly," remarked Mr. Sharp. "The Red Cloud is not that kind of an airship, I hope. But get aboard, if you please."

Tom and Mr. Damon entered the car. It was resting on the ground, on the small wheels used to start the airship when the gas inflation method

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Rh was not used. In this case, however, it had been decided to rise in the air by means of the powerful vapor, and not to use the wings and planes until another time. Consequently the ship was swaying slightly, and tugging at the restraining cables.

As Tom and Mr. Damon entered the cabin there drove into the Swift yard a dilapidated wagon, drawn by a bony mule, and it did not need the addition of a colored man's voice, calling: "Whoa, dar, Boomerang!" to tell Tom that his friend Eradicate Sampson was on hand. As for Eradicate, as soon as he saw the great airship, which he had never before beheld fully rigged, all ready for a flight, his eyes became big with wonder.

"Is dat yo' flyin' machine, Mistah Swift?" he asked.

"That's it, Rad," answered Tom. "Don't you want to come and take a ride with us?"

"Me? Good land a' massy! No indeedy, Mistah Swift," and the whitewasher, who had descended from his wagon, edged away, as if the airship might suddenly put out a pair of hands and grab him. "No indeedy I doant! I come t' do a little whitewashin' an' when I do dat I'se gwine on mah way. But dat's a pow'ful fine ship; it suah am!"

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106 "Better come and try a flight, Rad," added Mr. Damon. "I'll look after you."

"No, sah, an' I doan't take it kind ob yo' all t' tempt me dat way, nuther," spoke Eradicate. But, when he saw that the craft was stationary, he ventured to approach closer. Gingerly he put out one hand and touched the framework of the wheels, just forward of the cabin. The negro grasped the timber, and lifted it slightly. To his astonishment the whole front of the airship tilted up, for it was about ready to fly, and a child might have lifted it, so buoyant was it. But Eradicate did not know this. Wonderingly he looked at the great bulk of the ship, looming above him, then he glanced at his arm. Once more, noting that the attention of his friends was elsewhere, he lifted the craft. Then he cried:

"Look yeah, Mistah Swift! Look yeah! No wonder day calls me Sampson. I done lifted dis monstrousness airship wif one hand. See, I kin do it! I kin do it!"

Once more he raised the Red Cloud slightly, and a delighted grin, not unmixed with a look of awe, spread over his honest countenance.

"I suppose you'll give up whitewashing and join a circus as a strong man, now," observed Mr. Sharp, with a wink at his companions.

"Dat's what I will!" announced Eradicate

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Rh proudly. "I neber knowed I was dat strong, but ob course I allers knowed I had some muscle. Golly, I must hab growed strong ober night! Now, Boomerang, yo' suah has got t' look out fo' yo' sef. No mo' ob yo' cuttin' up capers, or I'll jest lift you up, an' sot yo' down on yo' back, I suah will," and the negro feeling of his biceps walked over to where the mule stood, with its eyes closed.

"I guess you can cast off, Tom," called Mr. Sharp, as he entered the car, having seen that everything was all right. "We'll not go up very far at first, until Mr. Damon gets used to the thin air."

"Bless my soul, I believe I'm getting nervous," announced the eccentric man. "Bless my liver, but I hope nothing happens."

"Nothing will happen," Mr. Sharp assured him. "Just keep calm, when it feels as if the bottom was dropping out of everything and you'll soon get over it. Are you casting off those ropes, Tom? Is all clear?"

"All but the bow and stern lines."

"You attend to the bow line, and I'll go to the stern," and, going over to the gas generator, Mr. Sharp started it so as to force more vapor into the red aluminum container. This had the effect of rendering the airship more bouyant, and it

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108 tugged and strained harder than ever at the ropes.

"Good-by, Tom," called Mr. Swift, reaching up to shake hands with his son. "Drop me a line when you get a chance.

"Oh, Tom, do be careful," implored Mrs. Baggert, her kind face showing her anxiety. "May I kiss you good-by?"

"Of course," answered the young inventor, though the motherly housekeeper had not done this since he was a little chap. She had to stand on a soap box, which Eradicate brought in order to reach Tom's face, and, when she had kissed him she said:

"Oh, I'm so worried! I just know you'll be killed, risking your lives in that terrible airship!"

"Ha! Not a very cheerful view to take, madam," observed Mr. Damon. "Don't hold that view, I beg of you. Bless my eyelashes, but you'll see us coming home, covered with glory and star dust."

"I'm sure I hope so," answered Mrs. Baggert, laughing a little in spite of herself.

The last ropes were cast off. Good-bys were shouted as the airship shot into the air, and Mr. Sharp started the motor, to warm it up before the propellers were thrown into gear. The twenty cylinders began exploding with a terrific racket,

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Rh as the muffler was open, and Tom, looking down, saw Boomerang awaken with a jump. The mule was so frightened that he started off on a dead run, swinging the rickety, old wagon along behind him.

Eradicate Sampson, who had been feeling his muscle since he discovered what he thought was his marvelous strength, saw what was happening.

"Whoa, dar, Boomerang!" he shouted. Then, as the tailboard of the wagon swung past him, he reached out and grabbed it. Perhaps he thought he could bring the runaway mule up standing, but, if he did, he was grievously disappointed. Boomerang pulled his master along the gravel walk, and kept running in spite of Eradicate's command to "whoa, dar!"

It might have gone hard with him, had not Garret Jackson, the engineer, running in front of Boomerang, caught the animal. Eradicate picked himself up, and gazed sadly at his arms. The navigators of the air could not hear what he said, but what he thought was evident to them.

Then, as Mr. Sharp deadened the explosions of the powerful motor. Tom, looking at a gauge, noted that their height was seven hundred feet.

"High enough!" called Mr. Sharp, and it was time, for Mr. Damon, in spite of his resolution, was getting pale.

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 The gas was shut off, the propellers thrown into gear, and, with a rush the Red Cloud shot toward the south, passing over the Swift homestead, and high above the heads of the crowd that had gathered to witness the start. The eventful voyage of the air had begun.

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 CHAPTER XII

SOME STARTLING NEWS

", there they go," remarked Mrs. Baggert to Mr. Swift, as she strained her eyes toward the sky, against the blue of which the airship was now only a large, black ball.

"Yes, and a fine start they made," replied the inventor. "I almost wish I had accompanied them, but I must not stop work on my submarine invention."

"I do hope nothing will happen to them," went on the housekeeper. I declare, though, I feel just as if something was going to happen."

"Nervousness, pure nervousness," commented Mr. Swift. "Better take a little—er—I suppose catnip tea would be good."

"Catnip tea! The very idea!" exclaimed Mrs. Baggert. "That shows how much you know about nervousness, Mr. Swift," and she seemed a little indignant.

"Ha! Hum! Well, maybe catnip tea wouldn't Rh

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112 be just the thing. But don't worry about Tom. I'm sure he can look after himself. As for Mr. Sharp he has made too many ascensions to run into any unnecessary danger."

"Nervous!" went on the housekeeper, who seemed to resent this state being applied to her. "I'm sure I'm not half as nervous as that Mr. Damon. He gives me the fidgets."

"Of course. Well, I must get back to my work," said the inventor. "Ah, are you hurt, Eradicate?" he went on, as the colored man came back, driving Boomerang, who had been stopped just before reaching the road.

"No, Mistah Swift, I ain't exactly damaged, but mah feelings am suah hurted."

"How's that?"

"Well, I thought I had growed strong in de night, when I lifted dat airship, but when I went to stop mah mule I couldn't do it. He won't hab no respect fo' me now."

"Oh, I wouldn't let that worry me," commented Mr. Swift, and he explained to Eradicate how it was that he had so easily lifted the end of the bouyant ship, which weighed very little when filled with gas.

The colored man proceeded with his work of whitewashing, the inventor was in his library, puzzling over tables of intricate figures, and Mrs.

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Rh Baggert was in the kitchen, sighing occasionally as she thought of Tom, whom she loved almost as a son, high in the air, when two men came up the walk, from the street, and knocked at the side door. Mrs. Baggert, who answered the summons, was somewhat surprised to see Chief of Police Simonson and Constable Higby.

"They probably came to see the airship start," she thought, "but they're too late."

"Ah, good morning, Mrs. Baggert," greeted the chief. "Is Mr. Swift and his son about this morning?"

"Mr. Swift is in his library, but Tom is gone."

"He'll be back though, won't he?" asked Constable Higby quickly—anxiously, Mrs. Baggert thought.

"Oh, yes," she replied. "He and—"

"Just take us to see Mr. Swift," interrupted the chief, with a look of caution at his aide. "We'll explain matters to him."

Wondering what could be the mission of the two officers, Mrs. Baggert led them to the library.

"It's queer," she thought, "that they don't ask something about the airship. I suppose that was what they came for. But maybe it's about the mysterious men who robbed Mr. Swift."

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114 "Ah, gentlemen, what can I do for you?" asked the inventor, as he rose to greet the officials.

"Ahem, Mr. Swift. Ahem—er—that is—well, the fact is, Mr. Swift," stammered the chief, "we have come upon a very painful errand."

"What's that?" cried Tom's father. "I haven't been robbed again, have I?"

"There has been a robbery committed," spoke the constable quickly.

"But you are not the victim," interposed the chief.

"I'm glad of that," said Mr. Swift.

"Where is your son, Tom?" asked the head of the Shopton police force, sharply.

"What do you want with him?" inquired the inventor, struck by some strange tone in the other's voice.

"Mr. Swift," went on the chief, solemnly, "I said we came upon a very painful errand. It is painful, as I have known Tom since he was a little lad. But I must do my duty, no matter how painful it is. I have a warrant for the arrest of your son, Thomas Swift, and I have come to serve it. I need not tell you that it is your duty to give him up to us—the representatives of the law. I call upon you to produce your son."

Mr. Swift staggered to his feet.

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Rh "My son! You have come to arrest my son?" he stammered.

The chief nodded grimly.

"Upon what charge?" faltered the father.

"On a charge of breaking into the Shopton National Bank last night, and stealing from the vault seventy-five thousand dollars in currency!"

"Seventy-five thousand dollars! Tom accused of robbing the bank!" faltered Mr. Swift.

"That is the charge, and we've come to arrest him," broke in Constable Higby.

"Where is he?" added the chief.

"This charge is false! Absolutely false!" shouted the aged inventor.

"That may be," admitted the chief shaking his head. "But the charge has been made, and we hold the warrant. The courts will settle it. We must now arrest Tom. Where is he?"

"He isn't here!" cried Mr. Swift, and small blame to him if there was a note of triumph in his voice. "Tom sailed away not half an hour ago in the airship Red Cloud! You can't arrest him!"

"He's escaped!" shouted the constable. "I told you, chief, that he was a slippery customer, and that we'd better come before breakfast!"

"Dry up!" commanded the chief testily. "So he's foiled us, eh? Run away when he knew we

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116 were coming? I think that looks like guilt, Mr. Swift."

"Never!" cried the inventor. "Tom would never think of robbing the bank. Besides, he has all the money he wants. The charge is preposterous! I demand to be confronted with the proof."

"You shall be," answered Chief Simonson vindictively. "If you will come to the bank you can see the rifled vault, and hear the testimony of a witness who saw your son with burglar tools in his possession last night We also have a warrant for Mr. Wakefield Damon. Do you know anything of him?"

"He has gone with my son in the airship."

"Ha! The two criminals with their booty have escaped together!" cried the chief. "But we'll nab them if we have to scour the whole country. Come on, Higby! Mr. Swift, if you'll accompany me to the bank, I think I can give you all the proof you want," and the officials, followed by the amazed and grief-stricken inventor, left the house.

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 CHAPTER XIII

MR. DAMON IN DANGER

sensations of the voyagers in the airship, who meanwhile, were flying along over the country surrounding Shopton, were not very different than when they had undertaken some trial flights. In fact Mr. Damon was a little disappointed after they had waved their farewells to Mr. Swift and Mrs. Baggert.

"I declare I'm not at all nervous," he remarked, as he sat in an easy chair in the enclosed car or cabin, and looked down at the earth through the plate-glass windows in the floor.

"I thought you'd be all right once we got started," commented Mr. Sharp. "Do you think you can stand going a trifle higher?"

"Try it," suggested the eccentric man. "Bless my watch chain, but, as I said, I might as well die this way as any other. Hitting a cloud-bank is easier than trying to climb a tree on a motor-cycle, eh, Tom?" Rh

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118 "Very much so, Mr. Damon," conceded the young inventor, with a laugh.

"Oh, we'll not attempt any cloud heights for a day or two," went on Mr. Sharp. "I want you to gradually get used to the rarefied atmosphere, Mr. Damon. Tom and I are getting to be old hands at it. But, if you think you can stand it, I'll go up about a thousand feet higher."

"Make it two thousand, while you're at it," proposed the odd character. "Might as well take a long fall as a short one."

Accordingly, the elevation rudder was used to send the Red Cloud to a greater height while she was still skimming along like some great bird. Of course the desired elevation could have been obtained by forcing more gas from the machine into the big, red container overhead, but it was decided to be as sparing of this vapor as possible, since the voyagers did not want to descend to get more material, in case they used up what they had. It was just as easy to rise by properly working the rudders, when the ship was in motion, and that was the method now employed.

With the great propellers, fore and aft, making about a thousand revolutions a minute the craft slanted up toward the sky.

The ship was not being run at top speed as Mr. Sharp did not care to force it, and there was no

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Rh need for haste. Long distance, rather than high speed was being aimed at on this first important flight.

Tom was at the steering wheel, and, with his hand on the lever controlling the elevation rudder, kept watch of the face of Mr. Damon, occasionally noting what height the hand on the gauge registered. He fancied he saw the cheeks of his friend growing pale, and, when a height of thirty-five hundred feet was indicated, with a yank the young inventor put the airship on a level keel.

"Are you distressed, Mr. Damon?" he asked.

"Ye—yes, I—I have—some—some difficulty in breathing," was the answer.

Tom gave his friend the same advice the aeronaut had given the lad on his first trip, and the eccentric man soon felt better.

"Bless my buttons!" he ventured to explain. "But I feel as if I had lost several pounds of flesh, and I'm glad of it."

Mr. Sharp was busy with the motor, which needed some slight adjustments, and Tom was in sole charge of navigating the airship. He had lost the nervous feeling that first possessed him, and was becomming quite an expert at meeting various currents of wind encountered in the upper regions.

Below, the voyagers could see the earth spread

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120 out like a great map. They could not tell their exact location now, but by calculating their speed, which was about thirty miles an hour, Tom figured out that they were above the town of Centreford, near where he had been attacked once by the model thieves.

For several hours the airship kept on her way, maintaining a height of about a mile, for when it was found that Mr. Damon could accommodate himself to thirty-five hundred feet the elevation rudder was again shifted to send the craft upward.

By using glasses the travelers could see crowds on the earth watching their progress in the air, and, though airships, dirigible balloons and aeroplanes are getting fairly common now, the appearance of one as novel and as large as the Red Cloud could always be depended upon to attract attention.

"Well, what do you say to something to eat?" proposed Mr. Sharp, coming into the main cabin, from the motor compartment. "It's twelve o'clock, though we can't hear the factory whistles up here."

"I'm ready, any time you are," called Tom, from the pilot house. "Shall I cook grub, Mr. Sharp?"

"No, you manage the ship, and I'll play cook.

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Rh We'll not get a very elaborate meal this time, as I shall have to pay occasional visits to the motor, which isn't running just to suit me."

The electrical stove was set going, and some soup and beefsteak from among the stores, was put on the fire. In spite of the fact that the day was a warm one in October, it was quite cool in the cabin, until the stove took off the chill. The temperature of the upper regions was several degrees below that of the earth. At times the ship passed through little wisps of vapor-clouds in the making.

"Isn't this wonderful!" exclaimed Mr. Damon, as he sat in an easy chair, partaking of some of the food. "To think that I have lived to see the day when I can take my lunch a mile in the air, with a craft flying along like a bird. Bless my knife and fork but it certainly is wonderful!"

Mr. Sharp relieved Tom at the wheel, while the young inventor ate, and then, with the airship heading southwest, the speed was increased a trifle, the balloonist desiring to see what the motor could accomplish under a heavy load.

A drop of several hundred feet was made about an hour later, and, as this made it warmer, Mr. Damon, who was a great lover of fresh air, decided to go out on the platform in front of the cabin. This platform, and a similar one at the

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122 rear, was railed about, to prevent accidents. A fine view could be had from them much better than through the floor windows of the car.

"Be careful of the propeller," advised Tom, as his friend went outside. "I don't believe you're tall enough to be hit by the blades, but don't take any chances of standing on your tiptoes."

"Bless my pocket handkerchief, indeed I'll not," came the answer. "But I think I shall wrap up my throat in the scarf I brought along. I am subject to neuralgia, and the breeze may bring on an attack of it."

Wrapping a long, woolen scarf about his neck, the eccentric man ventured out on the open platform. About the middle of it, but sufficiently high to be above a person's head, was the forward propeller, whirring around at swift speed.

Tom, with his eye on the various gauges and the compass, was steering the airship. He glanced at Mr. Damon, who appeared to be enjoying the view from the platform. For an instant the eyes of the lad were taken from the form of his friend. He looked back suddenly, however, his attention attracted by a smothered cry. He was horrified by what he saw.

Mr. Damon was leaning far over the edge of the railing, with nothing between him and the earth a thousand feet below. He seemed to have

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Rh lost his balance and had toppled forward, being doubled up on the iron pipe railing, his hands hanging limply over. Then, as Tom cried to Mr. Sharp to shut off the motor, the lad saw that hanging to the blade of the propeller, and being whirled around in its revolutions, was a part of Mr. Damon's red scarf.

"Hurry! Hurry, Mr. Sharp!" yelled Tom, not daring to let go the steering wheel, for fear the ship would encounter a treacherous current and tilt. "Hurry to Mr. Damon!"

"What's the matter?" asked the balloonist.

"He's dead—or unconscious—hanging over the railing. He seems to be slipping! Hurry, or it will be too late!"

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 CHAPTER XIV

ANDY GIVES THE CLUE

Mr. Swift followed the chief of police and the constable to the town hall his mind was filled with many thoughts. All his plans for revolutionizing submarine travel, were, of course, forgotten, and he was only concerned with the charge that had been made against his son. It seemed incredible, yet the officers were not ones to perpetrate a joke. The chief and constable had driven from town in a carriage, and they now invited the inventor to ride back with them.

"Do you mean to tell me a warrant has actually been sworn out against my son, Chief?" asked the father, when they were near the town hall.

"That's just what I mean to say, Mr. Swift, and I'm sorry, on your account, that I have to serve it."

"Huh! Don't look like you was goin' to serve it," remarked the constable. "He's skipped out."

"That's all right, Higby," went on the chief. Rh

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Rh "I'll catch em both. Even if they have escaped in an airship with their booty, I'll nab 'em. I'll have a general alarm out all over the country in less than an hour. They can't stay up in the air forever."

"A warrant for Tom—my son," murmured Mr. Swift, as if he could not believe it.

"Yes, and for that Damon man, too," added the chief. "I want him as well as Tom, and I'll get 'em."

"Would you mind letting me see the warrants?" asked the inventor, and the official passed them over. The documents were made out in regular form, and the complaints had been sworn to by Isaac Pendergast, the bank president.

"I can't understand it," went on Tom's father. "Seventy-five thousand dollars. It's incredible! Why!" he suddenly exclaimed, "it can't be true, Just before he left, Mr. Damon"

"Yes, what did he do?" asked the chief eagerly, thinking he might secure some valuable evidence.

"I guess I'll say nothing until I have seen the bank president," replied Mr. Swift, and the official was obviously disappointed.

The inventor found Mr. Pendergast, and some other bank officials in the town hall. The financiers were rather angry when they learned that

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126 the accused persons had not been caught, but the chief said he would soon have them in custody.

"In the meanwhile will you kindly explain what this means?" asked Mr. Swift of the president.

"You may come and look at the looted vault, if you like, Mr. Swift," replied Mr. Pendergast. "It was a very thorough job, and will seriously cripple the bank."

There was no doubt that the vault had been forced open, for the locks and bars were bent and twisted as if by heavy tools. Mr. Swift made a careful examination, and was shown the money drawers that had been smashed.

"This was the work of experts," he declared.

"Exactly what we think," said the president "Of course we don't believe your son was a professional bank robber, Mr. Swift. We have a theory that Mr. Damon did the real work, but that Tom helped him with the tools he had. There is no doubt about it."

"What right have you to accuse my son?" burst out the aged inventor. "Why have you any more cause to suspect him than any other lad in town? Why do you fix on him, and Mr. Damon? I demand to know."

"Mr. Damon's eccentric actions for a few days past, and his well-known oddity of character make

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Rh him an object of suspicion," declared the president in judicial tones. "As for Tom, we have, I regret to say, even better evidence against him."

"But what is it? What? Who gave you any clues to point to my son?"

"Do you really wish to know?"

"I certainly do," was the sharp reply. Mr. Swift, the police and several bank officials were now in the president's office. The latter pressed an electric bell, and, when a messenger answered, he said:

"Send young Foger here."

At the mention of this name, Mr. Swift started. He well knew the red-haired bully was an enemy of his son. Andy entered, walking rather proudly at the attention he attracted.

"This is Mr. Swift," said the president.

"Aw, I know him," blurted out Andy.

"You will please tell him what you told us," went on Mr. Pendergast.

"Well, I seen Tom Swift hanging around this bank with burglar tools in his possession last night, just before it was robbed," exclaimed the squint-eyed lad triumphantly.

"Hanging around the bank last night with burglar tools?" repeated Mr. Swift, in dazed tones.

"That's right," from Andy.

"How do you know they were burglar tools?"

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128 "Because I saw 'em!" cried Andy. "He had 'em in a valise on his motor-cycle. He was standing at the corner, waiting for a chance to break into the bank, and when me and Sam Snedecker saw him, he pretended to be fixin' his machine. Then the bag of burglar tools fell off, the satchel came open, and I seen 'em! That's how I know."

"And you're sure they were burglar tools?" asked the chief, for he depended on Andy to be his most important witness.

"Sure I am. I seen a picture of burglar tools once, and the ones Tom had was just like 'em. Long-handled wrenches, brace an' bits, an' all. He tried to hide 'em, but me an' Sam was too quick for him. He wanted to lick me, too."

"No doubt you deserved it," murmured Mr. Swift. "But how do you know my son was waiting for a chance to break into the bank?"

"'Cause, wasn't it robbed right after he was hangin' around here with the burglar tools?" inquired Andy, as if that was unanswerable.

"What were you hanging around here for?" Mr. Swift demanded quickly.

"Me? Oh, well, me an' Sam Snedecker was out takin' a walk. That's all."

"You didn't want to rob the bank, did you?" went on the inventor, keenly.

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Rh "Of course not," roared the bully, indignantly. "I ain't got no burglar tools."

Andy told more along the same line, but his testimony of having seen Tom near the bank, with a bag of odd tools could not be shaken. In fact it was true, as far as it went, but, of course, the tools were only those for the airship; the same ones Mr. Sharp had sent the lad after. Sam Snedecker was called in after Andy, and told substantially the same story.

Mr. Swift could not understand it, for he knew nothing of Tom being sent for the tools, and had not heard any talk at home of the bag of implements ordered by the balloonist. Still, of course, he knew Tom had nothing to do with the robbery, and he knew his son had been at home all the night previous. Still this was rather negative evidence. But the inventor had one question yet to ask.

"You say you also suspect Mr. Damon of complicity in this affair?" he went on, to the chief of police.

"We sure do," replied Mr. Simonson.

"Then can you explain?" proceeded the inventor, "how it is that Mr. Damon has on deposit in this bank a large sum. Would he rob the bank where his own funds were?"

"We are prepared for that," declared the

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130 president. "It is true that Mr. Damon has about ten thousand dollars in our bank, but we believe he deposited it only as a blind, so as to cover up his tracks. It is a deep-laid scheme, and escaping in the airship is part of it. I am sorry, Mr. Swift, that I have to believe your son and his accomplice guilty, but I am obliged to. Chief, you had better send out a general alarm. The airship ought to be easy to trace."

"I'll telegraph at once," said the official.

"And you believe my son guilty, solely on the testimony of these two boys, who, as is well known, are his enemies?" asked Mr. Swift.

"The clue they gave us is certainly most important," said the president. "Andy came to us and told what he had seen, as soon as it became known that the bank had been robbed."

"And I'm going to get the reward for giving information of the robbers, too!" cried the bully.

"I'm going to have my share!" insisted Sam.

"Ah, then there is a reward offered?" inquired Mr. Swift.

"Five thousand dollars," answered Mr. Pendergast. "The directors, all of whom are present save Mr. Foger, Andy's father, met early this morning, and decided to offer that sum."

"And I'm going to get it," announced the red-haired lad again.

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131 Mr. Swift was much downcast. There seemed to be nothing more to say, and, being a man unversed in the ways of the world, he did not know what to do. He returned home. When Mrs. Baggert was made acquainted with the news, she waxed indignant.

"Our Tom a thief!" she cried. "Why don't they accuse me and Mr. Jackson and you? The idea! You ought to hire a lawyer, Mr. Swift, and prosecute those men for slander."

"Do you think it would be a good plan?"

"I certainly do. Why they have no evidence at all! What does that mean, sneaking Andy Foger amount to? Get a lawyer, and have Tom's interests looked after."

Mr. Swift, glad to have some one share the responsibility with, felt somewhat better when a well-known Shopton attorney assurred [sic] him that the evidence against Tom was of such a flimsy character that it would scarcely hold in a court of justice.

"But they have warrants for him and Mr. Damon," declared the inventor.

"Very true, but it is easy to swear out a warrant against any one. It's a different matter to prove a person guilty."

"But they can arrest my son."

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132 "Yes—if they catch him. However, we can soon have him released on bail."

"It's disgraceful," said Mrs. Baggert.

"Not at all, my dear madam, not at all. Good and innocent persons have been arrested."

"They are going to send out a general alarm for my son," bewailed Mr. Swift.

"Yes, but I fancy it will be some time before they catch him and Mr. Damon, if the airship holds together. I can't think of a better way to keep out of the clutches of the police, and their silly charge," chuckled the lawyer. "Now don't worry, Mr. Swift. It will all come out right.

The inventor tried to believe so, but, though he knew his son was innocent, it was rather hard to see, within the next few days, big posters on all the vacant walls and fences, offering a reward of five thousand dollars for the arrest of Tom Swift and Wakefield Damon, who were charged with having flown away in an airship with seventy-five thousand dollars of the bank's money.

"I guess Tom Swift will wish he'd been more decent to me when I collect that money for his arrest," said Andy to his crony, Sam, the day the bills were posted.

"Yes, but I get my share, don't I?" asked Sam.

"Sure," answered the bully. "I wish they'd hurry up and arrest him."

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Rh Within the next few days the country was covered with posters telling of the robbery and the reward, and police officials in cities large and small, and in towns and villages, were notified by telegraph to arrest and capture, at any cost the occupants of a certain large, red airship.

Mr. Swift, on the advice of his lawyer, sent several telegrams to Tom, apprising him of what had happened. The telegraph company was asked to rush the telegrams to the first city when word came in that the Red Cloud had landed.

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 CHAPTER XV

FIRED UPON

excited call to the aeronaut, telling of the mishap to Mr. Damon, was answered immediately. Mr. Sharp jumped forward from the motor compartment, and, passing on his way the electric switch, he yanked it out, stopping the machinery, and the great propellers. Then he leaped out on the platform.

But something else happened. Just before the accident to the eccentric man, desiring to give a further test to the planes, the gas had been shut off, making the airship an aeroplane instead of a dirigible balloon. Consequently, as soon as the forward motion ceased the great ship began falling.

"We're sinking! We're sinking!" cried Tom, forgetting for a moment that he was not in his motor-boat.

"Slant your rudder up, and glide downward as slowly as you can!" directed Mr. Sharp. "I'll Rh

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Rh start the engine again as soon as I rescue him," for it was risky to venture out on the platform with the propeller whirring, as the dangling piece of scarf might whip around the balloonist and toss him off.

Mr. Sharp was soon at Mr. Damon's side. He saw that the man was unconscious, whether from fright or some injury could not then be determined. There was, however, no sign of a wound.

It was no easy task to carry, half dragging it, the heavy body of Mr. Damon off the platform, but the aeronaut was a muscular individual, and long hanging from a trapeze, at great heights, stood him in good stead.

He brought the unconscious man into the cabin, and then, quickly returning to the platform, he detached the piece of scarf from the propeller blade. Next he started the motor, and also turned on the gas tank, so that the airship, in a few minutes, could float in space without motion.

"You needn't steer now, Tom," said the balloonist. "Just give me a hand here."

"Is—is he dead?" inquired the lad, his voice faltering.

"No, his heart's beating. I can't understand what happened."

Mr. Sharp was something of a rough and ready surgeon and doctor, and a small box of medicines

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136 had been brought along in case of emergencies. With the Red Cloud now lazily floating in the air, for, once the falling motion had been checked by the engine, the motor had been stopped again, Mr. Sharp set about restoring Mr. Damon to consciousness.

It was not long before the man opened his eyes. The color that had left his cheeks came back, and, after a drink of cold water he was able to sit up.

"Did I fall?" he asked. "Bless my very existence, but did I tumble off the airship?"

"No indeed," replied Tom, "though you came pretty near it. How do you feel? Were you hurt?"

"Oh, I'm all right now—just a trifle dizzy. But I thought sure I was a goner when I fell over the platform railing," and Mr. Damon could not repress a shudder. Mr. Sharp administered some more medicine and his patient was soon able to stand, and move about.

"How did it happen?" inquired the balloonist.

"I hardly know," answered Mr. Damon. "I was out on the platform, looking at the view, and thinking how much better my neuralgia was, with the scarf on. Suddenly the wind whipped loose one end of the scarf, and, before I knew it the cloth had caught on the propeller blade. I was

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Rh blown, or drawn to one side, tossed against the railing, which I managed to grab, and then I lost my senses. It's a good thing I wasn't whirled around the propeller."

"It's a good thing you weren't tossed down to the earth," commented Tom, shivering as he thought of his friend's narrow escape.

"I became unconscious, partly because the wind was knocked from me as I hit the platform railing," went on Mr. Damon, "and partly from fright, I think. But I'm all right now, and I'm not going out on that platform again with a loose scarf on."

"I wouldn't go out at all again, if I were you, though, of course, I'm used to dizzy heights," spoke Mr. Sharp.

"Oh, I'm not so easily frightened," declared Mr. Damon. "If I'm going to be a balloonist, or an aeroplanist I've got to get used to certain things. I'm all right now," and the plucky man was, for the blow to his side did not amount to much. It was some time, however, before Tom got over the fright his friend had caused him.

They spent that night moving slowly south, and in the morning found they had covered about a hundred miles, not having run the ship to anything like its maximum speed. Breakfast was served above the clouds, for a change, Mr. Damon

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138 finding that he could stand the great height with comfort.

It was three days after the start, and the travelers were proceeding slowly along. They were totally unaware, of course, of the sensation which their leaving, conjointly with the bank robbery, had caused, not only in Shopton but in other places.

"We're over a good-sized city," announced Tom, on the noon of the third day. "Suppose we drop down, and leave some message? Dad will be anxious to hear from us."

"Good idea," commented Mr. Sharp. "Down it is. Shift the rudder."

Tom proceeded to do so, and, while Mr. Damon relieved him at the wheel the young inventor prepared a message to his father. It was placed in a weighted envelope, together with a sum of money, and the person picking it up was requested to send the letter as a telegram, retaining some money for his trouble.

As the ship got lower and lower over the city the usual crowds could be seen congregating in the streets, pointing and gazing upward.

"We're creating quite a stir," observed Tom.

"More than usual, it seems," added Mr. Sharp, peering down. "I declare, there seems to be a police parade under way."

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Rh "That's right," put in Mr. Damon, for, looking down, a squad of uniformed officers, some on horseback, could be seen hurrying along the main street, trying to keep pace with the airship, which was moving slowly.

"They're looking at us through telescopes," called Tom. "Guess they never saw a balloon down this way."

Nearer and nearer to the city dropped the Red Cloud. Tom was about to let go the weighted envelope, when, from the midst of the police came several puffs of white smoke. It was followed by vicious, zipping sounds about the cabin of the ship, the windows of which were open. Then came the reports of several rifles.

"They're firing at us!" yelled Tom.

"So they are!" cried Mr. Sharp. "They must be crazy! Can't they see that we're not a bird."

"Maybe they take us for a war balloon," suggested Mr. Damon.

Another volley was directed at the airship, and several bullets struck the big aluminum gas holder glancing blows.

"Here! Quit that!" yelled Tom, leaning out of the window. "Are you crazy? You'll damage us!"

"They can't hear you," called Mr. Sharp.

A third volley was fired, and this time several

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140 persons other than police officers seemed to be shooting at the airship. Revolvers as well as rifles were being used.

"We're got to get out of this!" shouted Mr. Sharp, as a bullet sang uncomfortably close to his head. "I can't imagine what's gotten into the people. Send her up, Tom!"

The lad quickly shifted the elevation rudder, and the Red Cloud sailed majestically aloft. The young inventor had not dropped his message, concluding that citizens who would fire on travelers of the air for no reason, would not be likely to accommodate them in the matter of sending messages.

The craft mounted rapidly upward, but before it was beyond rifle shot another volley was fired, one bullet sending some splinters flying from the wooden framework.

"Whew! That was a narrow escape!" exclaimed Mr. Sharp. "What in the world can those people be up to, anyhow?"

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Page:The Grateful Dead.djvu/39

 VI.

Simrock, pp. 65-68, from Xanten. See Hippe, p. 165.

VII.

Simrock, pp. 68-75, from Xanten. See Hippe, p. 165.

VIII.

F. Woeste, ''Zts. f. deutsche Myth''. iii. 46-50, from Grafschaft Mark. Given by Simrock, pp. 75-80. Analyzed by Sepp, p. 685, who inadvertently speaks of it as "nach irischer Sage." See Hippe, p. 165.

IX.

Simrock, pp. 80-89, contributed by Zingerle, who afterwards printed it in Sagen, Märchen und Gebräuche aus Tirol, 1859, pp. 446-450, and in Kinder- und Hausmärchen aus Tirol, 2nd ed., 1870, pp. 254-260. See Stephens, p. 9, Hippe, pp. 165 f., and Wilhelmi, p. 45.

X.

Simrock, pp. 89-94, from the foot of the Tomberg. Summarized by Köhler, ''Or. und Occ.'' ii. 326. See Hippe, p. 166, and Wilhelmi, p. 45.

L. Strackerjan, Aberglaube und Sagen aus dent Herzogtum Oldenburg, 1867, ii. 308 ff. Cited by Hippe, p. 166, and by Foerster, Richars li Biaus, p. xxviii.

I.

A. Ey, Harzmärchenbuch, 1862, pp. 64-74. Summary by Köhler, ''Or. und Occ.'' iii. 96. Cited by Hippe, p. 166.

II.

A. Ey, work cited, pp. 113-118. Summary by Köhler, ''Or. und Occ.'' iii. 97. Cited by Hippe, p. 166.

Ed. Weber, Metrical Romances, 1810, iii. 241-275, Robson, Three Early English Metrical Romances, 1842, pp. 27-56, Stephens, Ghost-Thanks, 1860. Stephens seems to have been the first to note the connection of Sir Amadas with The Grateful Dead. The romance, as it is preserved in two manuscripts of the fifteenth

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text: Author:David Alexander Edward Lindsay

title: Author:David Alexander Edward Lindsay


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stansel, Valentine


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Spofford, Harriet Prescott


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 The succession of habitats is hence, according to our evidence, the reverse of that suggested by Chamberlin's hypothesis noted at the beginning of this discussion.

The cause of the withdrawal from the sea of these well armed and often gigantic eurypterids into the brackish and fresh water is a problem of much interest. Perhaps the development of the more agile and more advanced fishes put these slow and archaic merostomes on the defensive and finally forced them altogether out of the sea. Their association with clumsy and heavily armed, equally archaic Old Red fishes which clearly suffered a like fate from their own more advanced relatives, would seem to be very suggestive in this connection.

It may be mentioned that even the gigantism of these arachnids, as typified by, is probably an indication of race degeneracy, as gigantism is generally, and as such is also suggestive of their increasing failure to cope with the conditions of marine life.

The collections from the shale beds of the Shawangunk grit at Otisville have furnished an unrivaled series of larval stages of one species each of the genera Eurypterus, Pterygotus, Stylonurus and Hughmilleria. Many of the growth stages measure but 2 millimeters or even less in length and hence so little surpass in size the eggs of Limulus and probably


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 those of  and Pterygotus that they may be safely considered as representing the first larval or nepionic stage. Our large amount of material has allowed us to connect these larval stages with the adult forms by a fairly continuous series. There have also been obtained at Buffalo and Jerusalem hill youthful stages of,  ,   and   which present characters indicating their neanic condition.

All these young individuals have a number of characters in common which distinguish them from the adults and for this reason may be considered as ontogenetic characters of larger scope. We here briefly summarize these general ontogenetic features from lists of specific ontogenetic characters taken from the detailed descriptions of the development given under the respective species.

The neanic stage is distinguished from the mature by
 * 1) Larger, less quadratic carapace
 * 2) Larger, more anteriorly situated compound eyes
 * 3) Larger and more prominent ocellar mound
 * 4) Larger swimming feet
 * 5) Possibly a more compact, more rapidly contracting preabdomen

Neanic stage [ pl. 11, fig. 1]
 * 1) Larger size of compound eyes
 * 2) Possibly more compact form of preabdomen

Nepionic and neanic stages [ pl. 21, fig. 1–11]
 * 1) Excessively short and wide, subtriangular carapace
 * 2) Very large, anteriorly situated diverging compound eyes
 * 3) Rapid contraction of abdomen
 * 4) Short, wide preabdominal segments
 * 5) Larger swimming feet


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 Neanic stage [ pl. 36, fig. 1]
 * 1) Wider preabdomen
 * 2) Wider postabdomen

Nepionic stage [ pl. 36, fig. 9]
 * 1) Carapace triangular with
 * 2)  Spinelike prolongations of frontal and genal angles
 * 3)  Immense, diverging eyes
 * 4)  High median crest or glabella
 * 5)  Broad, thick border

Neanic stage [ pl. 69, fig. 3, 5]
 * 1) Larger compound eyes
 * 2) Larger ocelli and more prominent ocellar mound
 * 3) More rapid contraction of preabdomen
 * 4) Larger swimming feet
 * 5) More spatulate telson

Nepionic and neanic stages [ pl. 81, fig. 1–5] The larval eyes are in this form relatively not larger than in the adult, but provided with a prominent ring (orbital ridge)
 * 1) Very large carapace and very small abdomen
 * 2) Smaller number of abdominal segments

Nepionic and neanic stages [ pl. 64, fig. 1–13]
 * 1) Larger (longer and broader) carapace
 * 2) Much larger compound eyes
 * 3) Larger and more prominent ocellar mound
 * 4) More slender abdomen
 * 5) Smaller number of (preabdominal) segments


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 Nepionic and neanic stages [ pl. 51, fig. 1–13]
 * 1) Larger carapace
 * 2) Broad, flat border of carapace
 * 3) Distinct glabella
 * 4) Larger eyes (very large ocular nodes)
 * 5) Eyes nearer to margin
 * 6) Segments not differentiated
 * 7) Smaller number of segments
 * 8) Smaller telson
 * 9) No distinct ornamentation

These lists of ontogenetic characters permit the following general inferences:

1 The carapace is relatively larger in the larval stages; often very much so. This is especially marked in the representatives of Pterygotus, Hughmilleria and Stylonurus. It is also recognizable in the young of ; the few young specimens of   are also suggestive of a larger size of the carapace but not conclusively so, since the preabdomen of the specimens is probably accidentally contracted. In  the carapace is distinctly shorter and wider than in the mature stage. This is in accordance with the entire character of this larval stage which in its broad carapace and broad short preabdomen, anterior divergent eyes and rapid contraction of the preabdomen distinctly exhibits the characters of the genus Eusarcus. The young carapace of  indicates no relatively larger size although the single individual available may be already too far advanced to still exhibit this difference in size.

The shieldlike character of the carapace is sometimes still emphasized by a broad flat margin, as in Stylonurus and  (?).

2 The compound eyes are relatively much larger than in the mature stage; and sometimes borne on more prominent ocular nodes. The larger


text:
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 size of the compound eyes is a prominent feature of all very young stages here investigated and seems to be a general ontogenetic character. In one species,, the eyes are not notably larger than in the ephebic individual, but in this case they are very large at maturity and obviously a retained larval character. In,   and   the difference in size is especially notable. In  the visual area exhibits little difference in relative size, but the ocular nodes are so extended that they occupy nearly the entire dorsal side of the carapace within the flat border.

3 The compound eyes are nearer to the margin; either the anterior margin (Eurypterus), or the lateral. In Pterygotus and Hughmilleria they are already marginal in the nepionic stage and remain so to the ephebic stage.

4 The ocellar mound or tumescence exhibits a distinct tendency to both larger size and greater prominence in the earlier growth stages than in the adult. This ontogenetic feature has been especially noted in,  ,   and. There is also evidence that the ocelli themselves are relatively larger.

5 The swimming legs are, as a rule, larger. This has been noted in,   and. The great majority of all larval individuals have lost the appendages. The specimen reproduced on plate 21, figure 5, shows the relative great size and width of the swimming legs in.

Of much interest in this connection is a larval specimen of  exhibiting the metastoma in fine preservation [ pl. 51, fig. 6]. The latter is of immense size, almost equaling the carapace in length. As the metastoma is correlated in size to the coxae of the swimming legs it would follow that the latter must have been enormously developed in this species and the larvae highly agile. The probable activity of the larvae is further suggested by the enormously bulging eyes.


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 6 The abdomen lacks distinct differentiation into pre- and postabdomen. This condition is made clear by the nearly uniform length of all segments. In width there prevails considerable difference, most early growth stages appearing to contract more rapidly than the mature individuals, while in Hughmilleria the body is distinctly more slender [ pl. 64, fig. 1]. In,   and especially in  , as well as in   there is evidence of a relatively broader and shorter preabdomen, although the more compact appearance of the preabdomen may be partly due to casual contraction after death.

7 The number of segments is less in the nepionic stage than in the following stages. In some nepionic individuals there are not more than six segments or half the number normal to the adult [see, pl. 51, fig. 1]. On account of the smallness of the earliest growth stages and the lack of differentiation of the segments we have not been able to satisfy ourselves as to whether the preabdomen or the postabdomen is first completed. The larva of  [ pl. 64, fig. 1] where a distinct preabdomen with four segments and a postabdomen of six segments are noticeable, and some other specimens, suggest that the latter was first completed.

8 The telson spine may have been less developed than in adults; at least such a condition is indicated by several specimens. Unfortunately and singularly the telson is nearly always missing in young specimens. In the embryo of Limulus there is no tail spine and in the larval stage the telson is small.

It is now interesting to inquire which of these ontogenetic characters are purely larval acquisitions, and which are palingenetic, or of phylogenetic significance as representing the recapitulation of ancestral characters. Comparison with the larval stages of Limulus has been of much assistance in discerning between these coenogenetic and palingenetic structures.

The larger size of the carapace we consider as a merely larval character, for the following reasons: This larger size is principally due to the


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Scott, Dred


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 lack of development of the abdomen in the earlier stages and corresponds to a like antecedence in development of the cephalothorax in Limulus especially manifest in the embryological stages. From geological evidence and theoretical reasons, just the reverse is to be postulated in the phylogeny of the eurypterids, i.e. an earlier weaker development of the cephalothorax. The greater size of the carapace in such trilobites as Harpes is considered as a larval character retained to maturity, but this is no evidence of the primitive character of the genus. Likewise eurypterids with large carapaces, as certain species of Eurypterus, are not at all to be considered as primitive. The philosophy and phylogeny of the arthropods agree in postulating a gradual growth and consolidation of a greater number of segments into the cephalothorax. The smaller cephalothorax is therefore to be considered as the more primitive and the evidence from such eurypterids as the Cambric Strabops and the simpler species of Eurypterus, is not contradictory to this conclusion. Altogether the remarkably small size of the cephalothorax of the eurypterids in comparison with the abdomen is to be considered as one of their most striking primitive characters.

The larger size of the larval eyes is regarded by us as a larval character without phylogenetic significance. It finds its striking analogy in the megalops stage of the crustaceans, well shown in the common crab Callinectes [see text fig. 23]. In this stage the eyes are not only of excessive size, but also situated at the ends of very movable stalks. In the larvae of the eurypterids the lateral eyes were not only of large size but also borne on very high and large ocular nodes (particularly well shown in ), giving them a like prominence. None of these features is observable in either the larvae of Limulus or of the scorpion and we have probably to regard them as larval features peculiar to the young of the eurypterids.


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 The closer approximation of the lateral eyes to the margins in the young than in the adult eurypterids is a feature shared to some extent by young Limuli and still more distinctly shown by the embryo of the scorpion [Laurie, 1890, pl. 17, fig. 45]. In Limulus the lateral eyes and ocelli are placed on distinct ridges, termed by Packard [1870, p. 168] the ophthalmic ridges, which separate the cardio-ophthalmic region from the lateral regions of the carapace. These ridges are most prominent in the larva and become obscured in the adult. They are faintly seen in the later embryonic stages and are there distinctly farther away from the median line of the carapace. The ocelli appear first on the under side of the head [Packard, p. 168] just in advance of the chelicerae and in later embryonic life wander to the upper side.

Strabops of the Cambric has the lateral eyes in about the position where they are seen in nearly all our larval eurypterids;  (Frankfort) and the Clinton   as well as the primitive Hughmilleria also have submarginal eyes, and we see in this approximation of the eyes to the margin a palingenetic feature which probably points to ancestors with submarginal eyes. In the Frankfort Lower Siluric fauna taken as a whole, the eyes are nearer the margin, a noteworthy fact in this connection. The genera Pterygotus, Slimonia and Eusarcus make a nearer approach to the primitive condition in this respect than Stylonurus and those species of Eurypterus with approximate eyes high up on the carapace. A comparison in point is afforded by the trilobites, in which, according to Beecher's excellent investigations, the eyes appear on the under side in both the ontogenetic and phylogenetic development.

The prominence and great size of the ocellar mound in the larvae of the eurypterids are fully in consonance in function with the early appearance and relative great size of the ocelli or "larval eyes" in the embryo and larva of Limulus and the great size of the central eye in the scorpion. There is no direct evidence to indicate that the prominence of the ocellar mound is of any other than larval or coenogenetic character.


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 In the primitive trilobite Harpes the ocelli remain functional through life and no compound eyes are developed; we may infer that the early appearance and strong development of the ocelli in the larvae of both Limulus and the scorpion are, in view of their retention in later life, with diminished force, rather suggestive of their having been the first eyes of the ancestral forms.

As the swimming legs are clearly a secondary acquirement their larger size and probably that of the other legs also, is a purely larval feature in

line with the greater size of the lateral eyes, both of these being coenogenetic larval characters developed in connection with the greater agility of the larva. The larvae of Limulus [see text fig. 24] possess relatively longer legs than the adults, and this is especially notable in the last pair that projects considerably beyond the carapace. A still better analogy is found in the lively megalops stage of the crab [see text fig. 23] where immense eyes and long legs are correlated features.


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Regiomontanus

REGIOMONTANUS, rē"jĭ-ŏ-mŏn-tā'nŭs, German astronomer, whose real name was Johann Müller, but who assumed that of Regiomontanus, in allusion to the place of his birth, Königsberg (Kings Mountain),

b. 6 June 1436; d. Rome, 6 July 1476. Having received a classical education at Leipzig, be placed himself under Purbachius (Georg von Purbach), the professor of mathematics at Vienna, and under him became one of the first astronomers of that age. With Purbachius he accompanied Cardinal Bessarion to Rome in 1461, where Beza gave him further instruction in Greek literature, and he now completed a new abridgment in Latin of the ‘Almagest’ of Ptolemy (1496), correcting many errors in the former translation, made by George of Trebizond. In 1471 he built an observatory at Nuremberg and established a press, but after three years returned to Rome on the invitation of Sixtus IV, who employed him in the reformation of the calendar and rewarded his services by raising him to the bishopric of Ratisbon (1475). He died, according to some, of the plague, according to others by poison administered by the son of George of Trebizond out of revenge for his having exposed the errors of his father. Regiomontanus was the first in Germany to apply himself to the cultivation of the neglected science of algebra. He made great improvements in trigonometry, into which he introduced the use of tangents. His refutation of a supposed discovery of the quadrature of the circle and numerous writings on various subjects of natural philosophy display extensive learning and great acuteness. His astronomical observations from 1475 to 1506 (‘Ephemerides’) are very accurate. Among his other works ‘Kalendarium’ (about 1474), ‘De Reformatione Kalendarii’ (1489); ‘De Cometæ Magnitudine Longitudineque’ (1531); ‘De Triangulis Omnimodis’ (1533); ‘Tabulæ Directionum Prejectionumque in Nativitatibus multum utiles’ (1585). Consult Gunther, ‘Johannes Müller’ (in the ‘Allgemeine deutsche Biographie,’ Vol. XXII, 1855); also Ziegler, ‘Regiomontanus als, geistiger Vorlä u fer des Columbus’ (1874).


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Regiomontanus


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 The lack of differentiation of the preabdominal and postabdominal segments is likewise shown in the embryo and larva of Limulus, while in that of the scorpion the two regions are distinguishable almost as soon as segmentation sets in, obviously owing to the very pronounced differentiation between the broad preabdomen and the narrow taillike postabdomen in the adult. In the Cambric Strabops there is less differentiation observable between the two abdominal regions than in any later eurypterid and the more primitive of these later forms distinguish themselves by a more uniform and gradual contraction of the abdomen. It is a wholly proper assumption that the undifferentiated condition is the more primitive. The lack of differentiation of the abdomen in the larvae is hence to be interpreted as an inherited palingenetic feature.

The smaller number of segments in the nepionic stage is, for theoretical and observational reasons, to be considered as a purely larval feature incidental to the growth of the organism. The Cambric Strabops possesses the same number of segments as the Upper Siluric or Carbonic eurypterids and if any change in the number of segments in the development of the higher Arthropoda has taken place, it has generally been a reduction. The trilobites with the smaller number of segments in the immature stages and the greater number of segments in mature conditions of the earlier and more primitive species such as Paradoxides and Harpes, furnish an excellent analogy.

The smaller size of the telson is in accordance with the ontogeny of Limulus and is manifestly a palingenetic character indicating the primitive condition. This view is supported by the short, blunt telson of Strabops and the primitive later eurypterids, such as Hughmilleria.

In summing up the larval characters observed in these immature eurypterids we consider as coenogenetic or purely larval the relatively larger size of the carapace, of the compound eyes and of the swimming legs, and the smaller number of the abdominal segments; as palingenetic and phylogenetic, the approximation of the compound eyes to the margin, the prominence of the ocelli and their tumescences, the lack of


text:
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 of the abdomen and the smaller size of the telson. In these palingenetic characters the nepionic stage resembles so much the Cambric Strabops, that we shall designate this as the Strabops stage. We shall use these characters in the reconstruction of the primitive ancestor of the eurypterids in the next chapter and the discussion of their taxonomic position.

In reference to this taxonomic position it may be stated here that the ontogeny of the eurypterids fully corresponds to that of Limulus in lacking any indication of a nauplius or zoea stage; that the larvae of the eurypterids (nepionic stage) have in common with that of Limulus:

 * 1) The large size of the carapace
 * 2) The broad border of the latter (in  )
 * 3) The prominent cardiac region of the carapace, giving it a trilobate character (in ,  ,  )
 * 4) The lack of differentiation of the abdominal segments
 * 5) The undeveloped telson.

They differ from it in:

 * 1) The terete abdomen
 * 2) Megaloptic development of the lateral eyes, and
 * 3) Their nearer approach to the margin
 * 4) Having but nine abdominal segments, while Limulus is hatched with the full number of segments.

The meaning of these agreements and differences in the development of the eurypterids is discussed more advantageously in the chapter on the taxonomic relations of the eurypterids where also the ontogeny of the eurypterids is compared with that of the scorpion.


text: The Eurypterida of New York/Volume 1/Ontogeny


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Since the date of Laurie's commentary on the relations of the eurypterids among themselves [1893, p. 520], two important lines of evidence have been obtained bearing on the genetic relationships of the genera. One is afforded by the growth stages of the principal genera, collected at Otisville, the other by Strabops of the Cambric. In the preceding chapter we have analyzed the ontogenetic characters and have fixed upon a small number of these that may, with a fair degree of certainty, be considered as recapitulations from eurypterid ancestry. As these characters are actually expressed in Strabops, it seems safe to use the two sets of facts for a conception of the prototype of the eurypterids, and to proceed from this prototype in tracing genetic relationships. Aside from our knowledge of the one Cambric genus, the geologic succession of the genera is of little aid in the problems before us, since nearly all genera seem to be present in the Lower Siluric.

In the preceding chapter we have recognized as palingenetic characters of the larval eurypterids the approximation of the compound eyes to the margin, the prominence of the ocelli and their tumescences, the lack of differentiation of the abdominal segments and the smaller size of the telson. All of these characters, save the prominence of the ocelli, are typically shown in, or the Strabops stage.

While the characteristics of this stage will be the basis of our reconstruction of the prototype, others may be safely inferred from a comparison of Strabops with the general characters of the Siluric eurypterids and from theories of the development of the arthropods in general.

In Strabops the carapace [ pl. 1] is short, and a little less wide than the greatest width of the body. It is so in most of the later eurypterids, notably in Eurypterus, Hughmilleria and Pterygotus. The eurypterid carapace has been formed by the consolidation of six segments, and a priori it should not be longer than six of them. As a matter of fact it approximately corresponds, as a rule, to the five first tergites in length, suggesting a condensation. This it does also in Strabops and since the segments in that form are all remarkably short, the carapace is much


text:
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text: Page:The Eurypterida of New York Volume 1.pdf/129


text: Author:Edwin Bale

title: Author:Edwin Bale


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Müller, Julius

MÜLLER, (1801-78). A German theologian. He was born at Brieg, Silesia, and was a brother of Karl Otfried Müller (q.v.). He studied at Breslau and Göttingen, at first devoting himself to law, but afterwards to theology. In 1825 he was appointed pastor at Schönbrunn and Rosen, near Strehlen, where he remained seven years. He was appointed in 1831 second university preacher in Göttingen, and there lectured on practical theology and pedagogics. In 1834 he became extraordinary professor of theology in Göttingen, and soon after full professor in Marburg, whence he went in 1839 to occupy a similar chair in Halle. The work on which his reputation as a theologian chiefly rests is Die christliche Lehre

von der Sünde (1839; 6th ed. 1889; Eng. trans., from the 5th ed., Edinburgh, 1868); also Dogmatische Abhandlungen (1870). He afterwards published pamphlets on subjects of temporary interest, particularly in vindication of the cause of evangelical union against the attacks of the rigid Lutherans. In conjunction with Neander and Nitzsch, he edited a periodical entitled Deutsche Zeitschrift für christliche Wissenschaft und christliches Leben. Consult his biography, by L. Schultze (Bremen, 1879).


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Müller, Karl Otfried

MÜLLER, (1797-1840). A German archaeologist and philologist, born at Brieg, in Silesia. He studied at Breslau and Berlin, where he was the pupil of August Boeckh. His dissertation, Liber Ægineticorum (1817), showed the direction of his future studies, which were devoted to the reconstruction of the history of Greek localities and races. In 1817 he was appointed a teacher at the Magdaleneum in Breslau, in 1819 professor extraordinarius of philology, and in 1823 professor ordinarius at Göttingen. In connection with his studies he traveled widely, and in 1839 secured leave of absence for a visit to Greece and Italy. A sunstroke received while he was copying inscriptions at Delphi led to an attack of fever, from which he died at Athens, where he was buried on the Hill of Colonus. His desire to reconstruct the entire ancient life naturally led Müller to a wide range of scholarly activity. His great work was to be his Geschichte hellenischer Stämme und Städte, of which he completed vols. i., Orchomenos und die Minyer (1820), and ii., Die Dorier (1824); a second edition of these works by Schneidewin (1844; trans. by G. C. Lewis and H. Tafnell, London, 1839). In the same field belonged his treatise, Ueber die Wohnsitze, Abstammung und ältere Geschichte des macedonischen Volks (1825), and his Etrusker (1828; 2d ed. by Deecke, 1877). His Handbuch der Archäologie der Kunst (1830; 3d ed. by Welcker, 1846; trans. by Leitch, London, 1850), though now antiquated in its collections, is of value from the many acute observations it contains. It was accompanied by Müller and Oesterley, Denkmäler der alten Kunst (Göttingen, 1834-39), which was continued and completed by Wieseler (1846-56). A third edition appeared (1877-81); a fourth edition of part ii., Kunstmythologie, was begun at Leipzig in 1899. His Prologomena zu einer wissenschaftlichen Mythologie (1825) was based on his belief that the elements of the Greek religion were to be found in analysis of the myths, which would refer the specific names to specific places and tribes. He strongly opposed the theories of large foreign influence in Greek civilization. In the last years of his life he undertook to prepare, for the English Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, a history of Greek literature. A translation by Lewis and Donaldson from the author's manuscript, entitled A History of the Literature of Ancient Greece, was published in London in 1840, and with a continuation by Donaldson in 1858. The German original, Geschichte der griechischen Litteratur bis auf das Zeitalter Alexanders (1841; 4th ed., revised and continued by Heitz, 1882-84), was published by his brother after his death, as well as Kleine deutsche Schriften (1841). A collected edition of Kunstarchäologische Werke, in five volumes, was published in Berlin (1872-73). Müller was also prominent as an editor. His

edition in Greek and German of Æschylus's Eumenides (Göttingen, 1833) gave rise to a fierce controversy with Gottfried Hermann and his school, while his critical editions of Varro, De Lingua Latina (Leipzig, 1833), and Festus, De Significatione Verborum (ib., 1839), were long standards and are still valuable. For his biography, consult F. Ranke (Berlin, 1870).


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 84 Part 2.djvu/1

 ' UNITED STATES STATUTES AT L A R G E CONTAINING THE

LAWS AND CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS ENACTED DURING THE SECOND SESSION OF THE NINETY-FIRST CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

1970-1971 AND

REORGANIZATION PLANS AND PROCLAMATIONS

VOLUME

84

IN TWO PARTS

PART 2 PUBLIC LAWS 91-526 THROUGH 91-695, REORGANIZATION PLANS, PRIVATE LAWS, CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS AND PROCLAMATIONS

UNITED STATBS.^ GOVERNMENT PRINTlMd^klf{•!€!&—,^ff[QJ,J WASHINGTON: 1971

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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 84 Part 2.djvu/2

 1^

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PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF LAW UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE ADMINISTRATOR OF GENERAL SERVICES BY THE OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER, NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS SERVICE

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $11 Stock Number 2203-0892

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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 84 Part 2.djvu/3

 CONTENTS PART 1 Page LIST OF BILLS ENACTED I N TO PUBLIC L A W

v

LIST OF PUBLIC L A W S

ix

LIST OF REORGANIZATION PLANS

xxxix

LIST OF BILLS ENACTED INTO PRIVATE L A W

xli

LIST OF PRIVATE L A W S

xliii

LIST OF CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS

xlix

LIST OF PROCLAMATIONS

li

PUBLIC L A W S (91-191 T H R O U G H 91-525)

3

EXECUTIVE O R D E R S 11524 and 11525 IMPLEMENTING PUBLIC L A W 91-231

198-1

SUBJECT INDEX

Al

INDIVIDUAL INDEX

A99

PART 2 Page LIST OF BILLS ENACTED INTO PUBLIC L A W

v

LIST OF PUBLIC L A W S

ix

LIST OF REORGANIZATION PLANS

xxxix

LIST OF BILLS ENACTED INTO PRIVATE L A W

xli

LIST OF PRIVATE L A W S

xliii

LIST OF CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS

xlix

LIST OF PROCLAMATIONS

li

PUBLIC L A W S (91-526 T H R O U G H 91-695)

1385

REORGANIZATION PLANS

2083

PRIVATE L A W S

2097

CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS

2179

PROCLAMATIONS

2199

G U I D E TO LEGISLATIVE HISTORY O F PUBLIC L A W S

2275

T A B L E S OF L A W S AFFECTED IN VOLUME 84

2301

SUBJECT INDEX

Al

INDIVIDUAL INDEX

A99

iii

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text: Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 84 Part 2.djvu/4


text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 84 Part 2.djvu/5

 LIST OF BILLS ENACTED INTO PUBLIC LAW THE NINETY-FIRST CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES SECOND SESSION, 1970-71

Bili No.

H.R. 2 H.R. 110 H.R. 140 H.R. 212 H.R. 370 H.R. 380 H.R. 386 H.R. 471 H.R. 514 H.R. 515 H.R. 670 H.R. 693 H.R. 780 H.R. 914 H.R. 956 H.R. 1049 H.R. 1160 H.R. 1187 H.R. 2175 H.R. 2669 H.R. 3107 H.R. 3328 H.R. 3786 H.R. 4145 H.R. 4148 H.R. 4172 H.R. 4182 H.R. 4183 H.R. 4204 H.R. 4239 H.R. 4246 H.R. 4247 H.R. 4249 H.R. 4302.. H.R. 4599 H.R. 4605 H.R. 4813 H.R. 4869 H.R. 5554 H.R. 6049 H.R. 6114 H.R. 6240 H.R. 6265 H.R. 6543 H.R. 6562 H.R. 6778 H.R. 6951 H.R. 7311 H.R. 7334 H.R. 7517 H.R. 7618 H.R. 7626 H.R. 8020 H.R. 8298 H.R. 8512 H.R, 8654 H.R. 8662

Public Law No.

91-206 91-529 91^65 91-621 91-666 91-627 91-533 91-550 91-230 91-248 91-531 91-500 91-270 91-374 91-608 91-249 91-554 91-252 91-492 91-571 91-640 91-557 91-223 91-240 91-224 91^83 91-490 91-532 91-289 91-570 91-311 91-312 . 91-285 91-545 91^66 91-662 91-279 91-264 91-295 91-613 91-612 91-493 91-396 91-222 91-673 91-607 91-538 91-655 91-625 91-355 91-347 91-674 91-210 91-590 91-309 91-235 91-394

BUI No.

Public Law No.

BIU No.

Public Law No

H.R. 8663 H.R. 8664 H.R. 8933 H.R. 9017 H.R. 9052 H.R. 9164 H.R. 9183 H.R. 9311 H.R. 9477 H.R. 9485 H.R. 9486 H.R. 9548 H.R. 9564 H.R. 9634 H.R. 9654 H.R. 9677 H.R. 9854 H.R. 10105 H.R. 10106 H.R. 10184 H.R. 10317 H.R. 10335 H.R. 10336 H.R. 10482 H.R. 10517 H.R. 10634 H.R. 10837 H.R. 10874 H.R. 10912 H.R. 11102 H.R. 11372 H.R. 11547 H.R. 11548 H.R. 11628 H.R. 11651 H.R. 11702 H.R. 11766 H.R. 11833 H.R. 11876 H.R. 11953 H.R. 11959 H.R. 12475 H.R. 12535 H.R. 12564 H.R. 12605 H.R. 12619 H.R. 12673 H.R. 12758 H.R. 12858 H.R. 12860 H.R. 12870 H.R. 12878 H.R. 12941 H.R. 12943 H.R. 12979 H.R. 13000 H.R. 13008

91-582 91-199 91-636 91-535 91-392 91-470 91-615 91-489 91-259 91-200 91-534 91-475 91-197 91-496 91-481 91-543 91-286 91-265 91-262 91-283 91-491 91-497 91-537 91-661 91-659 91-569 91-459 91-660 91-241 91-296 91-274 91-620 91-198 91-280 91-207 91-212 91-349 91-512 91-487 91-435 91-219 91-503 91-202 91-637 91-250 91-281 91-256 91-357 91-335 91-288 91-476 91-275 91-314 91-451 91-563 91-656 91-216

H.R. 13106 H.R. 13125 H.R. 13195 H.R. 13300 H.R. 13307 H.R. 13407 H.R. 13434 H.R. 13448 H.R. 13493 H.R. 13519 H.R. 13543 H.R. 13564 H.R. 13565 H.R. 13716 H.R. 13816 H.R. 13862 H.R. 13934 H.R. 13959 H.R. 13971 H.R. 13978 H.R. 14097 H.R. 14114 H.R. 14118 H.R. 14213 H.R. 14252 H.R. 14289 H.R. 14300 H.R. 14306 H.R. 14322 H.R. 14373 H.R. 14452 H.R. 14453 H.R. 14464 H.R. 14465 H.R. 14485 H.R. 14645 H.R. 14678 H.R. 14683 H.R. 14684 H.R. 14685 H.R. 14705 H.R. 14714 H.R. 14720 H.R. 14733 H.R. 14789 H.R. 14810 H.R. 14827 H.R. 14896 H.R. 14944 H.R. 14956 H.R. 14982 H.R. 15012 H.R. 15021 H.R. 15069 H.R. 15073 H.R. 15112 H.R. 15118

91-242 91-4<53 91-397 91-215 91-488 91-315 91-400 91-227 91-649 91-471 91-430 91-530 91-536 91-402 91-278 91-638 91-548 91-2M 91-390 91-522 91-401 91-383 91-3113 91-551 91-527 91-228 91-287 91-284 91-486 91-4410 91-359 91-369 91-205 91-258 91-44-8 91-651 91-514 91-628 91-561 91-477 91-373 91-549 91-306 91-209 91-201 91-292 91-404 91-243 91-217 91-388 91-494 91-462 91-317 91-520 91-508 91-482 91-381 V

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 VI

Bili No.

H.R. 15149 H.R. 15166 H.R. 15216 H.R. 15349 H.R. 15351 H.R. 15374 H.R. 15381 H.R. 15405 H.R. 15424 H.R. 15549 H.R. 15624 H.R. 15628 H.R. 15694 H.R. 15700 H.R. 15712 H.R. 15728 H.R. 15733 H.R. 15770 H.R. 15831 H.R. 15832 H.R. 15833 H.R. 15835 H.R. 15836 H.R. 15837 H.R. 15838 H.R. 15839 H.R. 15866 H.R. 15911 H.R. 15931 H.R. 15945 H.R. 15979 H.R. 15980 H.R. 15998 H.R. 16199 H.R. 16289 H.R. 16290 H.R. 16291 H.R. 16292 H.R. 16295 H.R. 16297 H.R. 16298 H.R. 16416 H.R. 16506 H.R. 16516 H.R. 16539 H.R. 16595 H.R. 16612 H.R. 16710 H.R. 16731 H.R. 16732 H.R. 16739 H.R. 16745 H.R. 16811 H.R. 16900 H.R. 16915 H.R. 16916 H.R. 16940 H.R. 16968 H.R. 17068 H.R. 17070 H.R. 17123 H.R. 17133 H.R. 17138 H.R. 17241 H.R. 17255 H.R. 17399 H.R. 17473 H.R. 17570 H.R. 17575 H.R. 17582 H.R. 17604 H.R. 17613

LIST OF BILLS ENACTED INTO PUBLIC LAW Public Law No.

Bill No.

Public Law No.

91-194 91-282 91-539 91-234 91-398 91-393 91-391 91-505 91-469 91-603 91-478 91-672 91-261 91-221 91-304 91-682 91-377 91-559 91-318 91-319 91-320 91-321 91-322 91-323 91-324 91-325 91-386 91-588 91-204 91-247 91-617 91-263 91-326 91-614 91-327 91-328 91-329 91-330 91-331 91-333 91-302 91-403 91-618 91-303 91-406 91-356 91-232 91-506 91-299 91-484 91-338 91-654 91-501 91-422 91-382 91-380 91-635 91-418 91-692 91-375 91-441 91-399 91-297 91-298 91-604 91-305 91-642 91-515 91-472 91-568 91-511 91-421

H.R. 17619 H.R. 17654 H.R. 17658 H.R. 17711 H.R. 17750 H.R. 17795 H.R. 17802 H.R. 17825 H.R. 17849 H.R. 17867 H.R. 17868 H.R. 17901 H.R. 17917 H.R. 17923 H.R. 17970 H.R. 17984 H.R. 17988 H.R. 18012 H.R. 18086 H.R. 18104 H.R. 18126 H.R. 18127 H.R. 18260 H.R. 18298 H.R. 18306 H.R. 18410 H.R. 18515 H.R. 18546 H.R. 18549 H.R. 18582 H.R. 18583 H.R. 18679 H.R. 18693 H.R. 18725 H.R. 18731 H.R. 18776 H.R. 18858 H.R. 19000 H.R. 19172 H.R. 19242 H.R. 19333 H.R. 19342 H.R. 19369 H.R. 19391 H.R. 19401 H.R. 19402 H.R. 19436 H.R. 19470 H.R. 19504 H.R. 19562 H.R. 19567 H.R. 19590 H.R. 19627 H.R. 19670 H.R. 19686 H.R. 19774 H.R. 19790 H.R. 19830 H.R. 19846 H.R. 19855 H.R. 19857 H.R. 19877 H.R. 19881 H.R. 19885 H.R. 19888 H.R. 19890 H.R. 19911 H.R. 19915 H.R. 19928 H.R. 19953 H.J. Res. 224 H.J. Res. 236.

91-361 91-510 91-678 91-385 91-624 91-431 91-301 91-644 91-518 91-619 91-337 91-647 91-691 91-566 91-544 91-675 91-676 91-586 91-499 91-446 91-546 91-439 91-516 91-502 91-599 91-457 91-667 91-524 91-684 91-671 91-513 91-560 91-677 91-405 91-480 91-479 91-639 91-542 91-695 91-680 91-598 91-664 91-687 91-685 91-610 91-591 91-609 91-690 91-605 91-693 91-694 91-668 91-683 91-689 91-681 91-679 91-686 91-556 91-579 91-634 91-653 91-611 91-688 91-650 91-597 91-633 91-652 91-669 91-665 91-663 91-336 91-443

BUI No.

Public Law No.

H.J. Res. 251 H.J. Res. 546 H.J. Res. 589 H.J. Res. 746 H.J. Res. 888 H.J. Res. 1051 H.J. Res. 1069 H.J. Res. 1072 H.J. Res. 1077 H.J. Res. 1154 H.J. Res. 1162 H.J. Res. 1178 H.J. Res. 1194 H.J. Res. 1232 H.J. Res. 1247 H.J. Res. 1255 H.J. Res. 1259 H.J. Res. 1264 H.J. Res. 1284 H.J. Res. 1328 H.J. Res. 1336 H.J. Res. 1366 H.J. Res. 1388 H.J. Res. 1396 H.J. Res. 1403 H.J. Res. 1411 H.J. Res. 1413 H.J. Res. 1416 H.J. Res. 1417 H.J. Res. 1421 S. 1 S. 11 S. 30 S. 58 S. 203 S. 227 S. 336 S. 368 S. 406 8.417 S. 434 S. 437 S. 528 S. 583 S. 621 S. 704 S. 719 S. 743 S. 759 S. 778 S. 856 S. 858 S. 885 S. 887 S. 902 S. 952 S. 980 S. 1046 S. 1076 S. 1079 S. 1100 S. 1170 S. 1181 S. 1193 S. 1366 S. 1455 S. 1456 S. 1458 S. 1461 S. 1479 S. 1499 S. 1500

91-236 91-332 91-438 91-340 91-195 91-192 91-277 91-193 91-553 91-445 91-632 91-436 91-395 91-257 91-410 91-526 91-300 91-294 91-334 91-370 91-371 91-432 91-454 91-455 91-525 91-552 91-541 91-643 91-602 91-645 91-646 91-648 91-452 91-411 91-416 91-229 91-565 91-581 91-426 91-365 91-409 91-658 91-583 91-456 91-424 91-629 91-631 91-307 91-362 91-367 91-269 91-220 91-364 91-290 91-523 91-272 91-350 91-366 91-378 91-575 91-576 91-412 91-670 91-245 91-562 91-341 91-363 91-266 91-447 91-291 91-573 91-585

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 LIST OF BILLS ENACTED INTO PUBLIC LAW Bili No.

Public Law No.

S. 1519 S. 1520 S. 1626 S. 1628 S. 1708 S. 1933 S. 1968 S. 2062 S. 2108 S. 2162 S. 2176 S. 2193 S. 2208 S. 2214 S. 2224 S. 2264 S. 2306 S. 2314 S. 2315 S. 2452 S. 2455 S. 2484 S. 2523 S. 2543 S. 2565 S. 2593 S. 2595 S. 2601 S. 2624 S. 2695 S. 2701 S. 2763 S. 2808 S. 2809 S. 2846 S. 2882 S. 2910 S. 2916 S. 2940 S. 2984

91-345 91-353 91-657 91-461 91-485 91-458 91-238 91-310 91-572 91-601 91-449 91-596 91-425 91-196 91-547 91-464 91-239 91-460 91-308 91-253 91-521 91-384 91-211 91-540 91-428 91-225 91-233 91-358 91-271 91-509 91-213 91-423 91-415 91-208 91-517 91^08 91-214 91-474 91-293 91-630

Bill No. S. 2999 S. 3007 S. 3014 S. 3070 S. 3102 S. 3116 S. 3153 S. 3154 S. 3192 S. 3215 S. 3253 S. 3274 S. 3279 8.3302 S. 3318 S. 3337 S. 3339 S. 3348 S. 3427 S. 3430 S. 3431 S. 3435 S. 3479 8.3544 8. 3547 S. 3558 S. 3564 8.3586 8. 3592 8. 3598 S. 3617 8. 3619 8. 3630 8. 3685 8. 3690 8. 3730 8. 3777 8. 3778 8. 3785

Public Law No. 91-268 91-251 91-504 91-577 91-387 91-495 91-427 91-453 91-574 91-346 91-237 91-368 91-372 91-379 91-600 91-413 91-276 91-376 91-218 91-352 91-567 91-254 91-578 91-246 91-389 91-437 91-339 91-519 91-342 91-343 91-414 91-606 91-528 91-351 91-231 91-444 91-429 91-267 91-584

Bill No. S. 3818 8. 3822 8. 3835 8. 3838 8. 3889 8. 3978 8. 3997 8.4012 8.4033 8.4083 8.4106 8.4187 8.4235 8.4247 8. 4 5 3 6... 8.4557 8.4571 S.J. Res. 67 S.J. Res. 74 S.J. Res. 88 8.J. Res. 110 8.J. Res. 131 8.J. Res. 165 8.J. Res. 172 S.J. Res. 173 S.J. Res. 180 S.J. Res. 187 S.J. Res. 190 S.J. Res. 193 S.J. Res. 199 S.J. Res. 201 S.J. Res. 218 S.J. Res. 2 2 3... S.J. Res. 226 S.J. Res. 228 S.J. Res. 230 S.J. Res. 236 S.J. Res. 242 S.J. Res. 249

Vll Public Law No. 91-273 91-t68 91-1516 91-419 91-360 91-348 91-i20 91-316 91-117 91-587 91-23 91-564 91-^t50 91-^t67 91-558 91-580 9MJ26 9MK)7 91-593 91-354 91-442 91-191 9Mt98 91-594 91-€;22 91-203 91-595 91-226 91-255 91-260 91-344 91-^-33 91-507 91-592 91-434 91-555 91-589 91-473 91-€;41

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