text:
-ывать

Usage notes
The frequentative and imperfectivizing suffixes are etymologically the same. The suffixes are used with verbs in and  (in the latter case, the underlying root reappears, which may involve an extra consonant that was lost before the -н- of the verbal suffix). They are also used with some verbs in. The spelling variant is used instead with verbs that end in root-final velars (к г х) and hushing consonants (ш ж ч щ). The stress is drawn onto the syllable before the suffix, and an о in that syllable usually changes into а (examples:, , ; exception: ).

title: -ывать


text:
Module:Guru-translit

local export = {}

local conv = { --consonants without nukta ["ਸ"] = "s", ["ਹ"] = "h", ["ਕ"] = "k", ["ਖ"] = "kh", ["ਗ"] = "g", ["ਘ"] = "gh", ["ਙ"] = "ṅ", ["ਚ"] = "c", ["ਛ"] = "ch", ["ਜ"] = "j", ["ਝ"] = "jh", ["ਞ"] = "ñ", ["ਟ"] = "ṭ", ["ਠ"] = "ṭh", ["ਡ"] = "ḍ", ["ਢ"] = "ḍh", ["ਣ"] = "ṇ", ["ਤ"] = "t", ["ਥ"] = "th", ["ਦ"] = "d", ["ਧ"] = "dh", ["ਨ"] = "n", ["ਪ"] = "p", ["ਫ"] = "ph", ["ਬ"] = "b", ["ਭ"] = "bh", ["ਮ"] = "m", ["ਯ"] = "y", ["ਰ"] = "r", ["ਲ"] = "l", 	["ਵ"] = "v", ["ੜ"] = "ṛ", --consonants with nukta ["ਸ਼"] = "ś", ["ਖ਼"] = "x", ["ਗ਼"] = "ġ", ["ਜ਼"] = "z", ["ਫ਼"] = "f", ["ਲ਼"] = "ḷ", ["ਕ਼"] = "q", ["ਡ਼"] = "ṛ", -- vowels ["ਾ"] = "ā", ["ਿ"] = "i", ["ੀ"] = "ī", ["ੁ"] = "u", ["ੂ"] = "ū", ["ੇ"] = "e", ["ੈ"] = "ai", ["ੋ"] = "o", ["ੌ"] = "au", -- other diacritics ["ੰ"] = "N", --ṭippi: nasalize ["ਂ"] = "N", --bindi: nasalize ["ੱ"] = "ː", --addak: geminate ["੍"] = "", --halant, supresses the inherent vowel "a" ["ਃ"] = "h", --voiceless "h" sound (tone raiser) -- independent vowels ["ਅ"] = "a", ["ਆ"] = "ā", ["ਇ"] = "i", ["ਈ"] = "ī", ["ਉ"] = "u", ["ਊ"] = "ū", ["ਏ"] = "ē", ["ਐ"] = "ai", ["ਓ"] = "o", ["ਔ"] = "au", -- digits ["੦"] = "0", ["੧"] = "1", ["੨"] = "2", ["੩"] = "3", ["੪"] = "4",	["੫"] = "5", ["੬"] = "6", ["੭"] = "7", ["੮"] = "8", ["੯"] = "9", }

local nasal_assim = { ["[kg]h?"] = "ṅ", ["[cj]h?"] = "ñ", ["[ṭḍ]h?"] = "ṇ", ["[td]h?"] = "n", ["[pb]h?"] = "m", ["n"] = "n", ["m"] = "m", ["s"] = "n", }

-- translit any words or phrases function export.tr(text, lang, sc) local c = "([ਸਹਕਖਗਘਙਚਛਜਝਞਟਠਡਢਣਤਥਦਧਨਪਫਬਭਮਯਰਲਵੜː]਼?)" local y = "ਯ" local v = "([aਾਿੀੁੂੇੈੋੌ੍])" local virama = "੍" local n = "([ੰਂ]?)" local nukta = "([ਸਖਗਜਫਲਕਡ]਼)" local can_drop = mw.ustring.gsub(c,y,"") local no_virama = mw.ustring.gsub(v,virama,"") text = text .. " "	text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,c,"%1a") text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"a"..v,"%1") -- mw.log(text) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,v..n..can_drop.."a ","%1%2%3 ") --ending -- mw.log(text) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,v..n..can_drop.."a"..c..v,"%1%2%3%4%5") -- mw.log(text) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,nukta,conv) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,".",conv) for key,val in pairs(nasal_assim) do		text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"N("..key..")",val.."%1") end text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"([aiueaiauoāīū])N ", "%1̃ ") text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"(.?)N", "%1̃") text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"ː(.)","%1%1") text = mw.ustring.gsub(text," ?।",".") text = mw.ustring.gsub(text," $","") return mw.ustring.toNFC(text) end return export

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Module:Guru-translit


text: eskolter

title: eskolter


text: mangeårige

title: mangeårige


text:
User:Erutuon/common.css

@import url("https://en.wiktionary.org/w/?action=raw&ctype=text/css&title=User_talk:70.172.194.25/Sandbox.css");

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h1 { font-size: 250%; font-weight: normal; } h2 { font-weight: normal; }

/* Nicer categories */ clear: both; } .mw-category { column-width: 10em; }
 * 1) mw-pages {

/* Mark properly formatted headwords */ .headword { border-bottom: 1px dotted #BBB; }

/* Mark language name links created by etymology templates */ .etyl { background-color: #ffc; }

/*	List format: 1.	a. i. ol { list-style-type: decimal; } ol ol { list-style-type: lower-latin; } ol ol ol { list-style-type: lower-roman; }

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.IPA { font-family: "Gentium Plus"; color: #777; }

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h1 .Arab { font-family: Amiri; line-height: 1.5em; }

.fa-Arab, .sd-Arab, .ur-Arab { font-family: "Noto Nastaliq Urdu", IranNastaliq; }

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.Linb { font-family: Aegean; }

.Hebr { font-family: "Taamey David CLM", "Taamey Frank CLM", "Ezra SIL", "Noto Serif Hebrew"; }

 * lang(hit).Xsux {

font-family: "UllikummiA Regular", "Segoe UI Historic"; }

/* Proto-languages */
 * lang(cel-pro),
 * lang(gem-pro),
 * lang(gmw-pro),
 * lang(grk-pro),
 * lang(ine-pro),
 * lang(itc-pro),
 * lang(sla-pro),
 * lang(sqj-pro) {

font-family: Times; }

 * lang(sla-pro) {

font-family: "Gentium Plus"; }

.Cyrl { font-family: "Gentium Plus"; }

h1 span.Cyrs { font-family: BukyVede; }

b.Cyrs, strong.Cyrs { font-family: "RomanCyrillic Std"; }

.Cyrs, .Cyrs * { font-family: "Monomakh Unicode"; font-weight: normal; }

.Cyrs b { text-decoration: underline; }

 * lang(orv).Cyrs {

font-family: Fedorovsk Unicode TT, Monomakh Unicode TT; /* for ꙑ */ }

.Glag { font-family: Dilyana; }

.Deva { font-family: Siddhanta; }

.Hani, .Hans { font-family: "Noto Serif CJK SC", "BabelStone Han"; }

.Hant { font-family: "Noto Serif CJK TC", "BabelStone Han"; }

.Hira, .Jpan, .Kana { font-family: "Noto Serif CJK JP", "BabelStone Han"; }

h1 .Jpan { font-family: SoukouMincho, "Noto Serif CJK JP", "BabelStone Han"; } .Jpan rt, .kanji-table tr:nth-child(3) .Jpan { font-family: KokoroMinchoutai; }

/* Highlight ruby text ( tags) with alternating colors. */ .Jpan ruby:nth-child(2n) rt { background-color: #DFF6FF; } .Jpan ruby:nth-child(2n+1) rt { background-color: #FFDEFF; } .Hang, .Kore,
 * lang(ko).Hani {

font-family: "Noto Serif CJK KR"; }

/* Other */ display: none; }
 * 1) utcdate {

.serial-comma { display: inline; }

.partlynew { color: #008000 !important; }

/* SYNTAX HIGHLIGHTING */

/* variables */ .n { color: #007; }

/* punctuation marks */ .p { color: #2F4F4F; }

/* WATCHLIST */ .updatedmarker { background-color: transparent; color: #006400; } .mw-changeslist-line-watched .mw-title { font-weight: normal; background: url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Pentagram_dis.svg/13px-Pentagram_dis.svg.png") no-repeat left; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 16px; } .mw-special-Watchlist #mw-watchlist-resetbutton { display: block; }

.list-switcher-element { text-align: center; }

.list-switcher-element .NavToggle { float: none; }

.page-MediaWiki_Gadgets-definition #mw-content-text li { word-wrap: break-word; }

/* Styles for w:User:Anomie/previewtemplatelastmod.js */ .PreviewTemplateLastMod_user::before { content: ' – '; }

.PreviewTemplateLastMod_comment { font-style: italic; }

.page-User_Erutuon_mainspace_headers_possibly_incorrect_data.action-edit .mw-content-ltr, .page-User_Erutuon_mainspace_headers_possibly_incorrect_data.action-submit .mw-content-ltr, .page-User_Erutuon_mainspace_headers_possibly_incorrect_data.action-view .mw-content-ltr { white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: "Everson Mono", Courier, monospace; padding: 1em; -moz-tab-size: 4; -o-tab-size: 4; tab-size: 4; font-weight: bold; border: 1px solid #eaecf0; line-height: 1.1em; }

.test::before { content: attr(data-test); }

/* widen abuse filter editor */ .mw-abusefilter-editor { width: inherit; }

/* * Highlight unordered and ordered lists that aren't connected * (idea from User:Dixtosa/common.css. */ .mw-parser-output > ol + ol, .mw-parser-output > ul + ul {   background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.07); }

title: User:Erutuon/common.css


text:
yisdéíłʼeeł

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) he/she is sailing it to safety, floating in it to safety, rowing it to safety

Conjugation
.

Verbal stems

 * ITERATIVE: -ʼoł
 * OPTATIVE: -ʼeeł

title: yisdéíłʼeeł


text:
upādāparitassanā

Noun

 * 1) agitation through clinging

title: upādāparitassanā


text:
partijraad

Etymology
Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) the governing body of a political party; the party council

title: partijraad


text: redintegrascerent

title: redintegrascerent


text:
હિંદી

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) belonging or relating to India, anything Indian
 * 2)  Indian
 * 3) a kind of Indian agarwood
 * 1) a kind of Indian agarwood

Proper noun

 * 1) Modern Standard Hindi: a khariboli based tongue which happens to be standardized and Sanskritized version of the Hindustani language.
 * 2) The Central Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. These are also spoken in Fiji, Guyana and as a second language by Indians in many other countries.
 * 3)  All the lects in the Hindi Belt, which also includes lects that do not belong to the Central Zone of Indo-Aryan languages.
 * 4)  A dialect spoken in Delhi, now known as Hindustani.

Noun

 * 1) a sword of Indian steel
 * 2)  a sword-blow.

title: હિંદી


text:
preiement

Etymology
First attested 881 in the. .

Noun

 * 1) prayer

title: preiement


text:
ૐ

Etymology
From.

Symbol

 * 1)  om, in the Gujarati script

title: ૐ


text:
Appendix talk:Ancient Greek correlatives

"Other" column
I think that heteros should be placed in a new column for "other". Going by the meaning of the columns, the word that goes in the "demonstrative" and "dual" slot should mean something like "this one of the two". —CodeCat 19:50, 20 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I kind of want an "other" column, because there are actually ἕτερος-words for some of the rows (ἑτεροῖος, for instance), and lots of ἄλλος-words, but on the other hand, πότερος ποτερός ὁπότερος should be displayed in the table somewhere. Maybe the answer is simply to remove ἕτερος from the "dual" column. You can go ahead with that if you like. In fact, ἕτερος couldn't be a demonstrative, since it comes from the word for "one"; not sure where I got that idea. — Eru·tuon 20:28, 20 February 2016 (UTC)

 * I guess there just isn't a demonstrative meaning "this one of two". Perhaps because it's a weird meaning for a word to have. You can just say "this"; no reason to make it dual when you're not asking a question. — Eru·tuon 20:30, 20 February 2016 (UTC)

Template?
This is a good table. what do you think of making this into a (smaller) template to display on these pages? —ObsequiousNewt (εἴρηκα|πεποίηκα) 23:11, 16 August 2016 (UTC)

 * How about grc-correlatives? —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 15:44, 17 August 2016 (UTC)

 * Sounds like a great idea, though I'm not sure exactly how much of the table should be displayed on each page, and don't have the energy to figure that out. At the minimum, the template should display one row at a time, so that, for instance, it can replace the list of Related terms in.
 * There are situations, however, in which a correlative from one row is linked syntactically with one from another row, and if two rows are used together commonly enough, they could be displayed in each other's entries. For instance, as demonstrative pronoun (in Homer) is sometimes the antecedent of οἷος. — Eru·tuon 22:14, 17 August 2016 (UTC)

 * Wow. This is excellent. If the table could be made collapsible (and collapsed by default), I would be enthusiastic to see this added to every one of the entries to which it links. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 17:27, 18 August 2016 (UTC)
 * I made grc-correlatives, which is collapsible. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 21:48, 18 August 2016 (UTC)

 * That looks great. Large, of course, but I'm not sure I see a good way to trim it down, so I vote we go with it. — ObſequiousNewt — Geſpꝛaͤch — Beÿtraͤge 01:38, 19 August 2016 (UTC)

 * I second that. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 16:54, 19 August 2016 (UTC)


text:
challenge exam

Noun

 * 1) An examination that assesses a person's existing knowledge rather than coming at the end of a taught course.
 * 2) * 2016 After the Military Handbook (page 41)
 * Take “challenge exams”, such as a college-level equivalency exam: You can convert knowledge learned outside the classroom into credits toward a college program. This can save you time and money.
 * Take “challenge exams”, such as a college-level equivalency exam: You can convert knowledge learned outside the classroom into credits toward a college program. This can save you time and money.

title: challenge exam


text: challenge exams

title: challenge exams


text: Category:Punjabi modules

title: Category:Punjabi modules


text:
concreidre

Etymology
First attested 881 in the. .

Verb

 * 1) to believe

title: concreidre


text: domnizelle

title: domnizelle


text:
an insult to one is an insult to all

Phrase

 * 1) When individuals are insulted based on their characteristics, that insult also applies to everybody who shares them.

title: an insult to one is an insult to all


text:
संदल

Etymology
, from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) sandalwood

title: संदल


text: lazsier

title: lazsier


text:
παρασκεύασμα

Noun

 * 1) preparation

title: παρασκεύασμα


text: pagien

title: pagien


text: esclas

title: esclas


text:
oléopneumatique

Adjective

 * 1) Involving oil and air;  hydropneumatic

title: oléopneumatique


text: oléopneumatiques

title: oléopneumatiques


text:
hydropneumatics

Noun

 * 1) hydropneumatic technology in general

title: hydropneumatics


text: desempenhos

title: desempenhos


text:
bellezour

Etymology
Roger Berger suggests an unattested Latin masculine/feminine accusative *bellātiōrem, comparative of an equally unattested *bellātus (“too beautiful”, though note an attestation of in Plautus), derived from. Compare Silver Latin (attested in Petronius) and its derived neuter comparative *bonātius attested as Old French, modern , from , and also Late Latin , from.

Adjective

 * 1)  (most beautiful)

title: bellezour


text:
white Christmas slice

Noun

 * 1)  A sweet food item made from dried fruits and nuts mixed with copha or white chocolate or similar sweet white binding and allowed to set in a tray to make slices.

title: white Christmas slice


text: white Christmas slices

title: white Christmas slices


text:
Trichogramma

Etymology
From +.

Hypernyms

 * - family

title: Trichogramma


text:
ინანთეული

Noun

 * 1) perfumery

title: ინანთეული


text:
nonchallenge

Noun

 * 1) Something that is not a challenge.
 * 2) * 1980, Richard N. L. Andrews, Paul F. Nowak, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Office of Environmental Quality, Off-road vehicle use: a management challenge
 * One, it reduces the management challenge to an unsporting nonchallenge.

title: nonchallenge


text: nonchallenges

title: nonchallenges


text:
-ра

Suffix

 * , see also а-

Suffix

 * 1) focus suffix

title: -ра


text:
Talk:bellezour

, is this adjective feminine, neuter, or masculine? -- Romanophile ♞ (contributions) 20:27, 20 February 2016 (UTC)
 * It qualifies so it's feminine.  provides quite a lot of analysis and seems to link it to Latin  and would actually mean 'the most beautiful'.  explains it rather well. It's of course hypothetical especially as  isn't even attested! It's generally the problem with anything attested only once is how can you be sure of the meaning, unless it's blindingly obvious (like a borrowing from another language where it has a well-established meaning). Renard Migrant (talk) 20:39, 20 February 2016 (UTC)

 * , the author calls it the feminine form of bellatius, which he links to Old French bellais. Perhaps this entry should link to bellais, then? -- Romanophile ♞ (contributions) 20:47, 20 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes he says both of those. Looking up http://micmap.org/dicfro/search/dictionnaire-godefroy/bellais I see in the middle column which makes me think I'm just plain wrong and bellazour is not an isolated attestation. His reference to Old Provençal  was also correct as I've found it here. Perhaps just time to redefine as a superlative of . Renard Migrant (talk) 21:08, 20 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:bellezour


text: cockpiten

title: cockpiten


text: Category:Abaza prefixes

title: Category:Abaza prefixes


text: cockpiter

title: cockpiter


text: cockpitene

title: cockpitene


text:
piemn

Etymology
Probably from, from. The Romanian word's meaning seems to be more closely derived from the more abstract original Greek sense, as the Latin sense refers more to a specific object like a bookcase or fixture made of boards. Cf. also Spanish.

Noun

 * 1)  a thick flour made from grain, mixed with cornflour, or used to fry meat with

title: piemn


text: cockpitar

title: cockpitar


text: cockpitane

title: cockpitane


text:
bhāveti

Etymology
Causative of.

Verb

 * 1) to cultivate, to develop (an idea etc.)

title: bhāveti


text:
fwend

Usage notes

 * Suggesting a childish voice or a speech impediment.

title: fwend


text:
fwiend

Usage notes

 * Suggesting a childish voice or a speech impediment.

title: fwiend


text: violacciocco

title: violacciocco


text:
violaio

Noun

 * 1) a planting of violets

title: violaio


text:
overchallenge

Verb

 * 1)  To challenge to an excessive degree.

Noun

 * 1) Challenge that is too difficult.

title: overchallenge


text:
violamento

Etymology
From.

title: violamento


text:
pergurã

Etymology
Ultimately from. Cf. Albanian, Italian.

Noun

 * 1) arch of vines

title: pergurã


text:
underchallenge

Verb

 * 1)  To challenge to an insufficient degree.
 * 2) * 2010, Jan Fawcett, M.D., Bernard Golden, Ph.D., Nancy Rosenfeld, New Hope For People With Bipolar Disorder Revised 2nd Edition: Your Friendly ...
 * If you underchallenge yourself, the goal won't serve its purpose of providing meaning and orienting you to the future.

Translations

 * German:

Noun

 * 1) A challenge that is not sufficiently difficult.

Translations

 * German: Unterforderung

title: underchallenge


text: Doberman Pinschers

title: Doberman Pinschers


text:
Citations:Weltpolitik

 * 2003, Stephen J. Lee, Europe, 1890-1945, Psychology Press ISBN 9780415254557, page 15
 * 'The main decision made by Kaiser Wilhelm II in the 1890s was to pursue Weltpolitik.' a) What is meant by Weltpolitik in relation to German foreign policy between 1890 and 1914? (3 marks) Weltpolitik is a term used to describe the expanding
 * 2004, Michael Scaife, History: Modern British and European, Letts and Lonsdale ISBN 9781843154433, page 60
 * Industrialists financed these pressure groups because they supported Weltpolitik. In the reign of William II German nationalism became more aggressive and had an increasingly unsettling effect upon relations between the Great Powers.
 * 2007, Greg Cashman, Leonard C. Robinson, An Introduction to the Causes of War: Patterns of Interstate Conflict from World War I to Iraq, Rowman & Littlefield ISBN 9780742555105, page 54
 * The policy of Weltpolitik had serious international repercussions. First, the Junkers got high grain tariffs, which angered Russia and forced it into an alliance  with France and Britain. German Junkers wanted to eliminate competition from

title: Citations:Weltpolitik


text:
superchallenge

Noun

 * 1) A challenge that is more difficult than usual.

title: superchallenge


text:
Weltpolitik

Etymology
Borrowed from, a compound of +.

Proper noun

 * 1)  The aggressive foreign policy of Kaiser  of Germany beginning in 1891.

Noun

 * 1)   world / global policy / politics

title: Weltpolitik


text:
megachallenge

Noun

 * 1) An exceptionally difficult challenge.

title: megachallenge


text:
nøkkelkort

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a key card
 * 2) * Da de kom inn, åpnet Steve en smal dør med et nøkkelkort. When they came in, Steve opened a narrow door with a key card.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a key card

title: nøkkelkort


text:
помещаться

Verb

 * 1) to be (in a location), to be located
 * 2) to fit
 * : to be housed, to be published

title: помещаться


text: ayaṃ

title: ayaṃ


text:
idha

Etymology
From ; compare with modern Swedish and.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. Possibly also 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) an eddy

Etymology
From, from , from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1) here

title: idha


text:
Module:de-headword

local export = {} local pos_functions = {}

local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("de")

local legal_gender = { ["m"] = true, ["f"] = true, ["n"] = true, ["p"] = true, }

local gender_names = { ["m"] = "masculine", ["f"] = "feminine", ["n"] = "neuter", }

local legal_verb_classes = { ["1"] = true, ["2"] = true, ["3"] = true, ["4"] = true, ["5"] = true, ["6"] = true, ["7"] = true, }

local function ine(val) if val == "" then return nil else return val end end

local function glossary_link(entry, text) text = text or entry return "" .. text .. "" end

local function track(page) require("Module:debug").track("de-headword/" .. page) return true end

-- The main entry point. -- This is the only function that can be invoked from a template. function export.show(frame) local args = frame:getParent.args PAGENAME = mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text

local poscat = frame.args[1] or error("Part of speech has not been specified. Please pass parameter 1 to the module invocation.") local class = frame.args[2]; if class == "" then class = nil end

local data = {lang = lang, pos_category = poscat, categories = {}, heads = {}, genders = {}, inflections = {}}

if pos_functions[poscat] then pos_functions[poscat](class, args, data) end

return require("Module:headword").full_headword(data) end

local function old_adjectives(class, args, data) track("de-adj-old") local params = { [1] = {list = "comp"}, [2] = {list = "sup"}, ["head"] = {list = true}, }	local args = require("Module:parameters").process(args, params) data.heads = args["head"]

if args[1][1] == "-" then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "not comparable"}) table.insert(data.categories, "German uncomparable adjectives") return end

if #args[1] > 0 then for i, form in ipairs(args[1]) do args[1][i] = {term = (form == "er" and PAGENAME .. "er" or form), accel = {form = "comparative"}} end else args[1] = {request = true} track("de-adj lacking comparative") end args[1].label = glossary_link("comparative") table.insert(data.inflections, args[1])

if #args[2] > 0 then for i, form in ipairs(args[2]) do			args[2][i] = { term = "am " .. ((form == "st" or form == "sten") and PAGENAME .. "sten" or (form == "est" or form == "esten") and PAGENAME .. "esten" or form) .. "", accel = {form = "superlative"}} end else args[2] = {request = true} track("de-adj lacking superlative") end args[2].label = glossary_link("superlative") table.insert(data.inflections, args[2]) end

pos_functions.adjectives = function(class, args, data, proper) -- Compatibility with old calling convention, either if old= is given or any arg no longer supported is given. if ine(args.old) or ine(args[2]) or ine(args.comp1) or ine(args.comp2) or ine(args.comp3) or		ine(args.sup1) or ine(args.sup2) or ine(args.sup3) or args[1] == "-" then return old_adjectives(class, args, data) else -- Remove this code once we convert to the new format. track("de-adj-need-old") end

local alternant_multiword_spec = require("Module:de-adjective").do_generate_forms(args, nil, "from headword") data.heads = alternant_multiword_spec.args.head data.id = alternant_multiword_spec.args.id	data.sort = alternant_multiword_spec.args.sort

local function do_adj_form(slot, label, should_be_present, accel_form) local forms = alternant_multiword_spec.forms[slot] local retval if not forms then if not should_be_present then return end retval = {label = "no " .. label} else retval = {label = label, accel = accel_form and {form = accel_form} or nil} local prev_footnotes for _, form in ipairs(forms) do				local footnotes = form.footnotes if footnotes and prev_footnotes and require("Module:table").deepEquals(footnotes, prev_footnotes) then footnotes = nil end prev_footnotes = form.footnotes local quals, refs = require("Module:inflection utilities").fetch_headword_qualifiers_and_references(footnotes) local term = form.form table.insert(retval, {term = term, q = quals, refs = refs, genders = genders}) end end

table.insert(data.inflections, retval) end

if alternant_multiword_spec.props.indecl then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = glossary_link("indeclinable")}) if alternant_multiword_spec.props.predonly then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "predicative only"}) elseif alternant_multiword_spec.props.nopred then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "no predicative form"}) end else if alternant_multiword_spec.props.nopred then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "no predicative form"}) end do_adj_form("str_nom_m", "strong nominative masculine singular", true) local should_comp_sup = alternant_multiword_spec.forms.comp_pred or alternant_multiword_spec.forms.sup_pred or			alternant_multiword_spec.forms.comp_str_nom_m or alternant_multiword_spec.forms.sup_str_nom_m if not should_comp_sup then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "not comparable"}) else -- If there is no predicative comparative, but there is an attributive comparative, include it; -- otherwise, include the predicative comparative (if any). If there is no comparative but a superlative, -- this will display "no comparative". if not alternant_multiword_spec.forms.comp_pred and alternant_multiword_spec.forms.comp_str_nom_m then do_adj_form("comp_str_nom_m", "strong comparative nominative masculine singular", true) else do_adj_form("comp_pred", glossary_link("comparative"), true, "comparative") end -- Same as above, for the superlative. if not alternant_multiword_spec.forms.sup_pred and alternant_multiword_spec.forms.sup_str_nom_m then do_adj_form("sup_str_nom_m", "strong superlative nominative masculine singular", true) else do_adj_form("sup_pred", glossary_link("superlative"), true, "superlative") end end end

-- Add categories. for _, cat in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.categories) do		table.insert(data.categories, cat) end

-- Use the "linked" form of the lemma as the head if no head= explicitly given. data.no_redundant_head_cat = true -- always set since we have a different lemma linking algorithm from Module:headword. if #data.heads == 0 then data.heads = {} local lemmas = alternant_multiword_spec.forms.the_lemma or {} for _, lemma_obj in ipairs(lemmas) do			local head = alternant_multiword_spec.args.nolinkhead and lemma_obj.form or				require("Module:headword utilities").add_lemma_links(lemma_obj.form, alternant_multiword_spec.args.splithyph) local quals, refs = require("Module:inflection utilities").fetch_headword_qualifiers_and_references(lemma_obj.footnotes) table.insert(data.heads, {term = head, q = quals, refs = refs}) end end end

local function old_nouns(class, args, data) track("de-noun-old") local params = { [1] = {list = "g", default = "?"}, [2] = {list = "gen"}, [3] = {list = "pl"}, [4] = {list = "dim"}, ["head"] = {list = true}, ["m"] = {list = true}, ["f"] = {list = true}, ["old"] = {type = "boolean"}, }

local args = require("Module:parameters").process(args, params) data.heads = args["head"]

-- Gender for _, g in ipairs(args[1]) do		if legal_gender[g] then table.insert(data.genders, g)

if g == "p" then table.insert(data.categories, "German pluralia tantum") else table.insert(data.categories, "German " .. gender_names[g] .. " nouns") end else if g == "m-s" or g == "f-s" or g == "n-s" or g == "m-p" or g == "f-p" or g == "n-p" then require("Module:debug").track("de-headword/genders") end

table.insert(data.genders, "?") end end

if args[1][1] ~= "p" then -- Genitive if not args[2][1] then if args[1][1] == "m" or args[1][1] == "n" then table.insert(args[2], PAGENAME .. "s") else table.insert(args[2], PAGENAME) end end

for i, form in ipairs(args[2]) do			args[2][i] = {term = form} end

args[2].accel = {form = "gen|s"} args[2].label = "genitive" table.insert(data.inflections, args[2])

-- Plural if not args[3][1] and data.pos_category == "nouns" then table.insert(args[3], PAGENAME .. "en") end

if args[3][1] == "-" then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "no plural"}) table.insert(data.categories, "German uncountable nouns") elseif #args[3] > 0 then for i, form in ipairs(args[3]) do				args[3][i] = {term = form} end

args[3].accel = {form = "p"} args[3].label = "plural" table.insert(data.inflections, args[3]) end end

-- Diminutive if #args[4] > 0 then for i, form in ipairs(args[4]) do			args[4][i] = {term = form, genders = {"n"}} end

args[4].accel = {form = "diminutive", gender = "n"} args[4].label = "diminutive" table.insert(data.inflections, args[4]) end

-- Other gender if #args.f > 0 then args.f.label = "female" if args.f[1] == "in" then args.f[1] = PAGENAME .. "in" end if args.f[1] == PAGENAME .. "in" then args.f.accel = {form = "feminine", gender = "f"} args.f.label = "feminine" end table.insert(data.inflections, args.f)	end

if #args.m > 0 then args.m.label = "male" table.insert(data.inflections, args.m)	end end

pos_functions.nouns = function(class, args, data, proper) -- Compatibility with old calling convention, either if old= is given or any arg no longer supported is given. if ine(args.old) or ine(args[2]) or ine(args[3]) or ine(args[4]) or ine(args.g1) or ine(args.g2) or ine(args.g3) or		ine(args.gen1) or ine(args.gen2) or ine(args.gen3) or ine(args.pl1) or ine(args.pl2) or ine(args.pl3) then return old_nouns(class, args, data) end

local m_de_noun = require("Module:de-noun") local alternant_multiword_spec = m_de_noun.do_generate_forms(args, nil, "from headword", proper) data.heads = alternant_multiword_spec.args.head data.genders = alternant_multiword_spec.genders data.id = alternant_multiword_spec.args.id	data.sort = alternant_multiword_spec.args.sort if not proper then data.pos_category = alternant_multiword_spec.pos if alternant_multiword_spec.pos == "suffixes" then table.insert(data.categories, "German noun-forming suffixes") end end

local function get_nom_articles(alternant_multiword_spec) local articles = {} local m_table = require("Module:table") if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then m_table.insertIfNot(articles, "die") else for _, gender in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.genders) do				if gender.spec == "m" then m_table.insertIfNot(articles, "der") elseif gender.spec == "f" then m_table.insertIfNot(articles, "die") elseif gender.spec == "n" then m_table.insertIfNot(articles, "das") else error("Internal error: Unrecognized gender '" .. gender.spec .. "'") end end end return table.concat(articles, "/") end

local function get_gen_s_articles(alternant_multiword_spec) local articles = {} local m_table = require("Module:table") if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then error("Internal error: Should not be called on plural-only nouns") else for _, gender in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.genders) do				if gender.spec == "m" or gender.spec == "n" then m_table.insertIfNot(articles, "des") elseif gender.spec == "f" then m_table.insertIfNot(articles, "der") else error("Internal error: Unrecognized gender '" .. gender.spec .. "'") end end end return table.concat(articles, "/") end

local function do_noun_form(slot, label, should_be_present, accel_form, genders, prefix) local forms = alternant_multiword_spec.forms[slot] local retval if not forms then if not should_be_present then return end retval = {label = "no " .. label} else retval = {label = label, accel = accel_form and {form = accel_form} or nil} local prev_footnotes for _, form in ipairs(forms) do				local footnotes = form.footnotes if footnotes and prev_footnotes and require("Module:table").deepEquals(footnotes, prev_footnotes) then footnotes = nil end prev_footnotes = form.footnotes local quals, refs = require("Module:inflection utilities").fetch_headword_qualifiers_and_references(footnotes) local term = form.form if prefix then if not term:find("[%[%]]") then term = "" .. term .. "" end term = prefix .. " " .. term end table.insert(retval, {term = term, q = quals, refs = refs, genders = genders}) end end

table.insert(data.inflections, retval) end

if proper then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = glossary_link("proper noun")}) end local decl_types = alternant_multiword_spec.decl_type if decl_types and #decl_types > 0 then local decl_descs = {} for _, decl_type in ipairs(decl_types) do table.insert(decl_descs, glossary_link(decl_type .. " declension", decl_type)) end table.insert(data.inflections, {label = table.concat(decl_descs, " or ")}) end local overall_adj = alternant_multiword_spec.props.overall_adj local article = alternant_multiword_spec.props.article local surname = alternant_multiword_spec.props.surname local langname = alternant_multiword_spec.props.langname local saw_f = false local saw_mn = false for _, gender in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.genders) do		if gender.spec == "f" then saw_f = true elseif gender.spec == "m" or gender.spec == "n" then saw_mn = true end end local fem_sg_only = not saw_mn and alternant_multiword_spec.number ~= "pl" if not alternant_multiword_spec.first_noun and alternant_multiword_spec.first_adj then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "adjectival"}) end if surname then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "surname"}) end if langname then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "language name"}) end if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = glossary_link("plural only")}) end if article then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "usually definite"}) end if alternant_multiword_spec.number == "pl" then if overall_adj then do_noun_form("wk_nom_p", "definite plural", true, nil, nil, "die") end elseif surname then do_noun_form("gen_m_s", "masculine genitive", true) do_noun_form("gen_f_s", "feminine genitive", true) do_noun_form("nom_p", "plural", true) elseif langname then do_noun_form("gen_s", "genitive", true) do_noun_form("nom_s_alt", "alternative nominative (used with the definite article)", true) do_noun_form("gen_s_alt", "alternative genitive", true) -- There should be no plural; this will trigger the display of 'no plural'. do_noun_form("nom_p", "plural", true) elseif overall_adj then if article then if not fem_sg_only then do_noun_form("wk_nom_s", "definite nominative", true, nil, nil, get_nom_articles(alternant_multiword_spec)) end do_noun_form("wk_gen_s", "definite genitive", true, nil, nil, get_gen_s_articles(alternant_multiword_spec)) do_noun_form("wk_nom_p", "definite plural", not proper, nil, nil, "die") else do_noun_form("wk_nom_s", "definite nominative", true, nil, nil, get_nom_articles(alternant_multiword_spec)) do_noun_form("str_gen_s", "genitive", true, nil, nil, not saw_f and "(des)" or nil) if saw_f then do_noun_form("wk_gen_s", "definite genitive", true, nil, nil, get_gen_s_articles(alternant_multiword_spec)) end do_noun_form("str_nom_p", "plural", not proper) do_noun_form("wk_nom_p", "definite plural", nil, nil, nil, "die") end else if article then do_noun_form("gen_s", "definite genitive", true, nil, nil, get_gen_s_articles(alternant_multiword_spec)) do_noun_form("nom_p", "definite plural", not proper, nil, nil, "die") else do_noun_form("gen_s", "genitive", true) do_noun_form("nom_p", "plural", not proper) end end -- FIXME: Should we include the article in the singular equivalent if .article is given? I have no examples to go by. do_noun_form("sg", "singular") do_noun_form("dim", "diminutive", nil, "diminutive", {"n"}, article and "das" or nil) do_noun_form("m", "masculine", nil, nil, nil, article and "der" or nil) do_noun_form("f", "feminine", nil, "feminine", nil, article and "die" or nil) do_noun_form("n", "neuter", nil, "neuter", nil, article and "das" or nil)

-- Add categories. for _, cat in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.categories) do		table.insert(data.categories, cat) end

-- Use the "linked" form of the lemma as the head if no head= explicitly given. data.no_redundant_head_cat = true -- always set since we have a different lemma linking algorithm from Module:headword. if #data.heads == 0 then data.heads = {} local lemmas = m_de_noun.get_lemmas(alternant_multiword_spec, "linked variant") for _, lemma_obj in ipairs(lemmas) do			local head = alternant_multiword_spec.args.nolinkhead and lemma_obj.form or				require("Module:headword utilities").add_lemma_links(lemma_obj.form, alternant_multiword_spec.args.splithyph) if article and (not overall_adj or fem_sg_only) then head = get_nom_articles(alternant_multiword_spec) .. " " .. head end local quals, refs = require("Module:inflection utilities").fetch_headword_qualifiers_and_references(lemma_obj.footnotes) table.insert(data.heads, {term = head, q = quals, refs = refs}) end end end

pos_functions["proper nouns"] = function(class, args, data) return pos_functions.nouns(class, args, data, "proper noun") end

pos_functions.verbs = function(class, args, data) if args[2] then -- old-style local params = { [1] = {list = "pres", required = true}, ["pres_qual"] = {list = "pres\1_qual", allow_holes = true}, [2] = {list = "past", required = true}, ["past_qual"] = {list = "past\1_qual", allow_holes = true}, [3] = {list = "pp", required = true}, ["pp_qual"] = {list = "pp\1_qual", allow_holes = true}, [4] = {list = "pastsubj"}, ["pastsubj_qual"] = {list = "pastsubj\1_qual", allow_holes = true}, ["aux"] = {list = true}, ["aux_qual"] = {list = "aux\1_qual", allow_holes = true}, ["head"] = {list = true}, ["class"] = {list = true}, }

local args = require("Module:parameters").process(args, params) data.heads = args["head"]

local function collect_forms(label, accel_form, forms, qualifiers) if forms[1] == "-" then return {label = "no " .. label} else local into_table = accel_form and {label = label, accel = {form = accel_form}} or {label = label} for i, form in ipairs(forms) do					table.insert(into_table, {term = form, q = qualifiers[i] and {qualifiers[i]} or nil}) end return into_table end end

if #args.class > 0 then local class_descs, cats = require("Module:de-verb").process_verb_classes(args.class) for _, cats in ipairs(cats) do				table.insert(data.categories, cats) end table.insert(data.inflections, {label = require("Module:table").serialCommaJoin(class_descs, {conj = "or"})}) end table.insert(data.inflections, collect_forms("third-person singular present", "3|s|pres", args[1], args.pres_qual)) table.insert(data.inflections, collect_forms("past tense", "1//3|s|pret", args[2], args.past_qual)) table.insert(data.inflections, collect_forms("past participle", "perf|part", args[3], args.pp_qual)) if #args[4] > 0 then table.insert(data.inflections, collect_forms("past subjunctive", "1//3|s|sub|II", args[4], args.pastsubj_qual)) end if #args.aux > 0 then table.insert(data.inflections, collect_forms("auxiliary", nil, args.aux, args.aux_qual)) end return end

local function get_headword_inflection(forms, label, accel_form) if forms then local inflection = accel_form and {label = label, accel = {form = accel_form}} or {label = label} for _, form in ipairs(forms) do				local qualifiers if form.footnotes then qualifiers = {} for _, footnote in ipairs(form.footnotes) do						footnote = footnote:gsub("^%[(.*)%]$", "%1") table.insert(qualifiers, footnote) end end table.insert(inflection, {term = form.form, q = qualifiers}) end return inflection elseif label then return {label = "no " .. label} else return {} end end

local alternant_multiword_spec = require("Module:de-verb").do_generate_forms(args, "from headword") for _, cat in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.categories) do		table.insert(data.categories, cat) end table.insert(data.inflections, {label = table.concat(alternant_multiword_spec.verb_types, " or ")})

if #data.heads == 0 then data.no_redundant_head_cat = true for _, head in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.forms.infinitive_linked) do			table.insert(data.heads, head.form) end end table.insert(data.inflections, get_headword_inflection(alternant_multiword_spec.forms.pres_3s, "third-person singular present", "3|s|pres")) local pret_3s = alternant_multiword_spec.forms.pret_3s table.insert(data.inflections, get_headword_inflection(pret_3s, "past tense", "1//3|s|pret")) table.insert(data.inflections, get_headword_inflection(alternant_multiword_spec.forms.perf_part, "past participle", "perf|part")) -- See if we need the past subjunctive, i.e. there exist past subjunctive forms whose stem is not the -- same as some past tense form. To facilitate comparison, we truncate final -e in both preterite 3s -- and past subjunctive 3s, to handle cases like subjunctive 'ginge aus' vs. preterite 'ging aus'. -- We need to compare 3s forms (and not e.g. 3p forms, where the issue with truncating -e doesn't	-- occur) so we work correctly with impersonal verbs. local need_past_subj local truncated_pret_3s_forms = {} if pret_3s then for _, form in ipairs(pret_3s) do			local truncated_form = form.form:gsub("e$", ""):gsub("e ", " ") -- discard 2nd retval table.insert(truncated_pret_3s_forms, truncated_form) end end local subii_3s = alternant_multiword_spec.forms.subii_3s local truncated_subii_3s_forms = {} if subii_3s then for _, form in ipairs(subii_3s) do			local truncated_form = form.form:gsub("e$", ""):gsub("e ", " ") -- discard 2nd retval table.insert(truncated_subii_3s_forms, truncated_form) end end for _, past_subj_form in ipairs(truncated_subii_3s_forms) do		local saw_same = false for _, pret_3s_form in ipairs(truncated_pret_3s_forms) do			if past_subj_form == pret_3s_form then saw_same = true break end end if not saw_same then need_past_subj = true break end end if need_past_subj then table.insert(data.inflections, get_headword_inflection(subii_3s, "past subjunctive", "1//3|s|sub|II")) end

local auxes = alternant_multiword_spec.forms.aux table.insert(data.inflections, get_headword_inflection(auxes, "auxiliary")) end

return export

title: Module:de-headword


text:
miază

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) myiasis

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)  the middle of the day or night

title: miază


text:
vituperabilis

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) blameworthy

title: vituperabilis


text:
Talk:accuratenesses

RFV discussion: August 2015–February 2016
Not used in books. Only few uses online. Yurivict (talk) 05:17, 31 August 2015 (UTC)
 * I've added one quotation from an academic journal. —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 11:29, 31 August 2015 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 23:08, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

 * I can find a second citation (also from a technical journal), but not a third. Both citations seem to be from non-native speakers. - -sche (discuss) 01:57, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Incidentally, William Bolles' 1846 A Phonographic Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language lists this as the plural. - -sche (discuss) 18:56, 21 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:accuratenesses


text:
Talk:uchiage

RFV discussion: September 2015–February 2016
I was adding the Japanese entry for this but I noticed this English entry which says "(sumo) a party held in each heya after a honbasho" but that doesn't seem citeable for me so I'm putting it up for RFV. Nibiko (talk) 11:18, 8 September 2015 (UTC)
 * I expanded the definition to match the cites on BGC, so this is now resolved. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 22:35, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:uchiage


text:
Talk:belpuga

RFV discussion: September 2015–February 2016
Esperanto. It looks to me like this word was coined by John C. Wells so that he would have a translation for callipygous for his English-Esperanto dictionary. Aside from that dictionary, I can't find any hits for this word on Google Books, Google Groups, or Tekstaro. —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 13:49, 7 September 2015 (UTC)
 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 22:43, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:belpuga


text:
Talk:digital inception

RFV discussion: September 2015–February 2016
I've tried to clean it up. Seems like a protologism. Can't even see anything much on the Web. Equinox ◑ 02:39, 6 September 2015 (UTC)
 * I could find two citations: [] and [] Kiwima (talk) 20:38, 9 September 2015 (UTC)
 * And here's a third []

 * I don't believe any of the 3 citations supports the definition: e.g. "since its 2009 digital inception" simply means "since it was created, as an online/Internet thing, in 2009". Nothing to do with marketing techniques. Equinox ◑ 22:39, 1 February 2016 (UTC)
 * The third one isn't durably archived and none of them seem to support this sense, which I imagine was itself made up for marketing purposes and the person who created it is linking here from a company website or something. We get quite a lot of this. Renard Migrant (talk) 22:56, 1 February 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 22:44, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:digital inception


text:
Talk:smallpox blanket

RFV discussion: September 2015–February 2016
Looking through hits at Google books, I can find literal uses of this term, but not figurative or idiomatic uses (and the idiomatic sense is the only sense given in the entry). -- · (talk) 02:30, 8 September 2015 (UTC)
 * I only found and added one quote that compares tourism to a smallpox blanket. But, even that is a stretch. —BoBoMisiu (talk) 22:22, 23 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Sorry @BoBoMisiu, but that's still a literal, not figurative, use. -- · (talk) 06:13, 9 October 2015 (UTC)
 * when I added the quote, I was thinking a conceptual metaphor – reliance → smallpox blanket – like I wrote, it was a stretch. The usage I saw in searches was all literal sense SOP. –BoBoMisiu (talk) 15:02, 11 October 2015 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 22:37, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:smallpox blanket


text:
Talk:atstert

RFV discussion: September 2015–February 2016
Is there such verb? No uses in literature. Yurivict (talk) 09:28, 4 September 2015 (UTC)
 * There was, in Middle English. Our entry seems to be a carbon copy (and copyvio) of the OED entry, which gives:
 * ?c1225 (▸?a1200)    Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 247   Þe wrecche best selden ed stertet.
 * c1275 (▸?a1200)    Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2128   He æt-sturte [c1300 Otho a-steorte] in-to are burie.
 * c1220  Legend St. Katherine 699   Tu schalt sone atstirten [v.r. etsterten] al þe strengðe of þis strif.
 * ?c1225 (▸?a1200)    Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 273   We þolieð saule uuel forto edsterte flesches uuel. Vorziblix (talk) 17:43, 4 September 2015 (UTC)
 * I believe we normalize this as with the final  suffix. Renard Migrant (talk) 17:54, 4 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Ok, thanks, I replaced obsolete with archaic, and removed the rvf tag. Yurivict (talk) 23:52, 4 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Not a copyvio; the early parts of the OED are in the public domain, in the US and as far as I can tell in the UK as well.--Prosfilaes (talk) 06:13, 5 September 2015 (UTC)
 * I have readded RFV tag to the entry since this is not cited in modern English, only in Middle English, right? We seem to treat Middle English as a separate language; see e.g. WT:AENM, example entry forbus, and Category:Middle English lemmas. In order for atstert to be kept as English rather than as Middle English, we need appropriate quotations, right? A quick look at Category:Middle English verbs suggests Renard is right to point out atsterten would be the lemma for Middle English. Does the creator User:Leasnam have quotations showing use other than Middle English? --Dan Polansky (talk) 06:24, 5 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Here is the OED scan: https://archive.org/stream/oed01arch#page/542/mode/1up --Dan Polansky (talk) 06:32, 5 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Converted to Middle English and moved to atsterten. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 23:06, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:atstert


text:
Talk:Burkina

RFV discussion: September 2015–February 2016
New Latin again. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 07:35, 20 September 2015 (UTC)
 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 21:02, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Burkina


text:
Talk:sgrînlun

RFV discussion: September 2015–February 2016
Welsh for "screenshot". —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 04:26, 20 September 2015 (UTC)
 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 21:06, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:sgrînlun


text:
Talk:Austronesia

RFV discussion: September 2015–February 2016
New Latin, as above. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 07:36, 20 September 2015 (UTC)
 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 21:05, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Austronesia


text:
Talk:Islamophiliac

RFV discussion: December 2015–February 2016
Guess who's back. Equinox ◑ 19:25, 3 December 2015 (UTC)
 * There are lots of hits on Google, such as [| this], but for attestable sources, the best I could come up with was pretty iffy:
 * Kiwima (talk) 22:12, 3 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Looks like an adjective in this case. Renard Migrant (talk) 23:09, 3 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Looks like an adjective in this case. Renard Migrant (talk) 23:09, 3 December 2015 (UTC)

 * Wouldn't the correct form be Islamophilic? An Islamophiliac would be a person with Islamophilic tendencies.  P Aculeius (talk) 13:44, 5 December 2015 (UTC)
 * That's why I called that one iffy - it MIGHT be a noun used attributively, but is more likely a misspelling of Islamophilic. Kiwima (talk) 05:46, 6 December 2015 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 08:35, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Islamophiliac


text:
Talk:snicklefritz

RFV discussion: December 2015–February 2016
Any takers? Needs some cleanup (and a headword) if OK. SemperBlotto (talk) 20:54, 11 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Hmm, there's Snicklefritz Leasnam (talk) 20:56, 11 December 2015 (UTC)

 * I can find that definition in plenty of word lists, but no actual usages. One word list mentioned that it was local to Pennsylvania, so that would shrink the field quite a bit. Mostly, I find it used as a term of endearment for a child. Also, a strain of marijuana. Kiwima (talk) 02:56, 12 December 2015 (UTC)
 * p.s. "schnicklefritz" seems to be the more common spelling, and I can find one supportive citation for that:
 * Kiwima (talk) 19:14, 12 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Kiwima (talk) 19:14, 12 December 2015 (UTC)

 * There are several instances of Schnicklefritz on Usenet, but they all seem to be mentions of it as a German or Pennsylvania German term, or references to it as a nickname or name (of a cat, baby, etc). Through Issuu, a few magazines can be found where it appears as a nickname. The nickname might meet CFI. - -sche (discuss) 23:14, 14 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Do we include nicknames (although I think it is more a term of endearment)? When researching this, I looked for other common terms of endearment, and we do not include those. For example, honey bun has the pastry, but not the term of endearment. Kiwima (talk) 00:01, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * We do have sweetie, sweetie pie, etc, but the uses of Schnicklefritz that I saw weren't like "sweetie", they were (nick)names (which people signed as, or called others), like "Bubba". - -sche (discuss) 05:37, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Certainly, there are a number of uses as a nickname, but I also found a number where it was used by someone who was calling a child "snicklefritz" affectionately, when they knew the child's name to be something else. Kiwima (talk) 06:26, 15 December 2015 (UTC)

 * On Google Books, the spelling Kiwima mentions (Schnicklefritz) is easily attested as a nickname of sorts. I suppose those are includable, a la "Bubba". (And on Issuu, Snicklefritz might be attested as the same kind of thing.) I suppose the entry should be moved and reformatted, which I may do soon. - -sche (discuss) 18:54, 24 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Thanks to some impressive citation-finding by Kiwima, this now has two cited senses. (I rolled sense 1, which had only two citations from the same author, into sense 2, from which it was not very distinct.) - -sche (discuss) 02:36, 16 February 2016 (UTC)

Anagrams
I killed the "Anagrams" section, as they were alternate spellings, not anagrams. "Frickinzeits" is an anagram of snickelfritz. Somebody doesn't know what an Anagram is. MeriKen (talk) 05:21, 18 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:snicklefritz


text:
Talk:dulcamini

RFV discussion: September 2015–February 2016
Latin. I don't think this word occurs at all, be it as a noun form or a verb form. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 17:26, 21 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Normally we don't require citations for every inflected form of a word, but rather include entries for inflected forms if the word is attested at all. Is there any reason not to do so in this case? —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 18:47, 21 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Well, we have a convention of treating them as "innocent until proven guilty", but surely they're not exempt from WT:CFI, right? — I.S.M.E.T.A. 00:15, 22 September 2015 (UTC)

 * My understanding was that all inflected forms of a word are considered one unit, and that three citations (or one citation for LDLs) of any inflected form of a word are considered to attest the word. If we instead require three (or one) citations for each inflected form, then many words that have passed RFV should have failed: genophobe, for example, doesn't have any citations of its lemma form, but its RFV discussion was closed as passed.
 * I have seen this stated explicitly before, for instance by User:Ruakh in Tea room/2012/June when explained why we have an entry for internacionalizabais even though it is probably unattested. —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 00:49, 22 September 2015 (UTC)
 * The only reason I can see for RFVing an inflected form is if there's reason to doubt it's correct, based on the existing forms, e.g., if the form in question has a first declension ending even though the -a in the nominative is due to the word being a borrowing from an Ancient Greek third declension neuter, or if it's impossible to tell from the existing forms how the word is actually inflected in that part of the paradigm. While the letter of CFI doesn't prohibit rfving inflected forms for other reasons, it would be a really bad idea: with few exceptions, just about every Latin or Ancient Greek word has unattested forms somewhere in its paradigm, and we use automated templates/modules for inflection tables. Do you really want to have a redlink or an empty cell in the inflection table because it just happens that there are no texts that use the ablative plural for a given word? Chuck Entz (talk) 01:27, 22 September 2015 (UTC)

 * As Mr Granger says, most of us consider inflected forms to constitute one lexeme, although 1-3 users oppose this and suggest infeasible alternatives. As I wrote in 2013 about German, and as Ruakh agreed: if an adjective isn't attested in the comparative, we should say it's incomparable, but if it's merely that I can only find 2 citations of mitternachtsblauen as the neuter mixed genitive form of mitternachtsblau, I'd still list it in the inflection table. It'd be prohibitively hard to do otherwise; a user would need 156 citations to attest one table, an understanding of German grammar to know which of the 26 homographic slots each citation of mitternachtsblauen supported, and different tables for every combination of missing slots. And as Chuck Entz pointed out and I agreed, marking individual forms of valid paradigms as invalid would mislead more readers in a more harmful way than not marking such forms. Someone who was learning German and was about to use an adjective foobar could turn to Wiktionary to double-check that the ending on a neuter adjective in the nominative after ein is indeed -es and not -e (as it would be after das). If we told them foobares was not attested, I think the odds are slim that they would grasp that that signified only that at the time some Wiktionary users checked, insufficiently many books using the word in that case had been digitised by Google. I think the odds are better that they would conclude that they had to use some other form, and thus they would end up writing something ungrammatical."
 * Further up this page you can find Angr expressing the same view re kar. Unless dulco is only used actively and the entire passive conjugation doesn't exist, or there's a reason another form would be expected as the second-person plural present, I'd close this (since the lexeme is attested). - -sche (discuss) 03:39, 23 September 2015 (UTC)
 * On one hand, when I cite an Esperanto word, I'm glad I can worry about citing one lexeme instead of several different predictably-inflected forms. On the other hand, Esperanto has the neatness of an artificial language; can we trust that Latin or Ancient Greek were really that predictable? For example, with English, the plural form is is almost always predictable, but there's a substantial body of words where the predictable form is not the one used. I don't know that one rule covers everything; there are cases where we have complete certainty and there are cases where we have a strong pattern that has a number of clear exceptions.--Prosfilaes (talk) 06:15, 23 September 2015 (UTC)
 * AFAIK, there is no consensus as for whether to exempt inflected forms from attestation; maybe we should add that statement to CFI so it accurately reports the state of discussion. It is certainly easier to ignore facts and evidence and rely on regularities of inflection to automatically create pages. Applied to Czech and extended to archaic sections of the inflection tables, this would lead to creation of loads of forms that, for modern speaker, look bizarre, since they combine a modern lemma with an archaic inflection. I hope that this approach will not be extended to derivation using highly productive suffixes such as -ness. As an option, I proposed to keep unattested forms but mark them as hypothetical, but that was claimed to be impractical. I do not deem it impractical: one could take a particular comprehensive corpus, collect all forms from it, and then mark every inflected form that is not in that collection as hypothetical. The hypothetical label could then be removed once it is confirmed that the form is attested; the attesting quotations would not need to be placed to Wiktionary, only reasonably unique identification of the locations where the attesting quotation are actually found. Let me note that the result of this discussion does not change the fact that we pool attestations of inflected forms to support a lemma entry, even if the lemma form itself is unattested; that is a fairly separate issue. --Dan Polansky (talk) 09:09, 26 September 2015 (UTC)
 * De facto we tend not to RFV these. For a couple of reasons that I can think of. One, because it would leave inflection tables with unexplained red links. Two, the amount of time you'd need to even attempt to cite all of these. Dulco on its own has about 100 forms, imagine trying to cite all of these, and that's just one verb. And of course right now all our attesting is done by humans (not bots) so the number of person-hours would be enormous. It would run into the thousands very quickly. Imagine how long it would take to tag all these entries by hand, never mind the actual citing. Renard Migrant (talk) 14:28, 26 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Regarding old inflections + modern stems, one thing we could do is identify entire sections of conjugation tables that are in general no longer used, and create tables that don't include those entire sections. This would be in line with how we use tables that only show singular forms on words that aren't used in the plural, and how only older Latinate German words which have vocative + ablative forms (and not newer words which don't have such forms) list such forms. Striking individual forms, e.g. striking only the masculine singular mixed declension dative superlative but not the masculine singular mixed declension accusative superlative of some German adjective because the former only got 2 (or 0) BGC hits while the latter got 3, would be a different matter, one which I think would be impractical and inappropriate for reasons already outlined. - -sche (discuss) 18:48, 26 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Closed per my comments above, in accordance with our usual practice. If there is a concern that the verb is only active and that no passive forms exist, or that the noun is indeclinable and doesn't change from case to case, that's a separate matter from concern that insufficiently many books using a certain expected slot (out of hundreds) have been digitized by Google Books. - -sche (discuss) 17:52, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:dulcamini


text:
Talk:homosociabilité

RFV discussion: January 2016
Google Translate doesn't show any translation. Ubuntuuser13 (talk) 20:24, 23 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Google Translate lacks many words, but that doesn't mean we shouldn't have them in the dictionary. This is a perfectly real word, and you can see at that it has been used many times in French, so it doesn't need to be sent to RFV. I have added three of the quotations I found to the entry. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 20:45, 23 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:homosociabilité


text:
Talk:Kaaba

RFV discussion: September 2015–February 2016
Esperanto for the sacred site in Islam. As far as I can tell, the word Kaabo is used (though rarely), but I can't find any uses of "Kaaba". —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 13:05, 18 September 2015 (UTC)
 * It breaks the rules. For those who do don't know, Esperanto nouns end in and adjectives end in . However We do have  and . Because we go by usage rather than hypothetical rules. Renard Migrant (talk) 15:12, 18 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Esperanto female names frequently end in -a; the Duolingo course, for example, has Adamo kaj Sofia as their two characters. I can see why the proper name of Kaaba might also bend the rules, though of course it all comes down to cites.--Prosfilaes (talk) 19:12, 18 September 2015 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 21:10, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kaaba


text:
Talk:lexical warfare

RFV discussion: December 2015–February 2016
I request attestation in use as opposed to mention. There are currently two quotations and the one starting with '“Lexical Warfare” is a phrase that I like to use' is a mention. --Dan Polansky (talk) 22:13, 19 December 2015 (UTC)
 * I've added a couple of citations, but I'm rather on the side of the rfd. — Pingkudimmi 07:03, 20 December 2015 (UTC)

 * RFV passed; the RFD hasn't closed yet., perhaps you would like to make your voice heard there? —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 08:21, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

RFD discussion: December 2015–February 2016
SOP by Riverstogo. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 22:41, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Absolutely. Renard Migrant (talk) 23:12, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm not so sure. I had to look at the definition to find out what it meant, and having done so, I think it would be SOP if it were "semantic warfare". (In other words, "semantic warfare" would be a better term for this.) In order for "lexical warfare" to be SOP, it would have to be fighting over things like whether to call nonalcoholic carbonated beverages "soda", "pop", or "coke"; or, less trivially, over whether or not to use euphemisms or PC terminology in some context and if so, which terms to use. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 10:34, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
 * I don't think it has a 'definition' per se so much as it's warfare in the figurative sense of a lexical nature, where the meaning varies depending on the context, in the same way 'big' varies depending on the context; a big planet is very different from a big insect. Renard Migrant (talk) 13:51, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
 * I don't think that every attestable sloppy use of language needs to be in even the most complete dictionary. I particularly don't see why a mistaken use of a word means that every attestable collocation involving that mistaken use needs to be in a dictionary. If you took this entry as an indication that users don't use the word lexical with the definition we find appropriate, and therefore added a definition to lexical, I could understand why and possibly agree. Given the poor quality of our entries for individual words, it seems like an indication or cause of the impending death of the project for us to piss away our individual and communal time on an entry like this. DCDuring TALK 14:46, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete (just to be clear). Since lexical does mean 'relating to a word or words' and this actually is warfare (figuratively) relating to a word or words it's entirely predictable from the sum of its part. The fact that 'semantic' would be better choice is not relevant. Renard Migrant (talk) 17:38, 19 December 2015 (UTC)
 * I added the term to WT:RFV. --Dan Polansky (talk) 22:14, 19 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Delete as SOP. To be precise, the battle is not so much about the meaning of a word, as how it is defined.— Pingkudimmi 09:27, 14 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Delete. DCDuring TALK 16:46, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

 * RFD failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 02:15, 26 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:lexical warfare


text:
Talk:application taxi service

RFV discussion: December 2015–February 2016
Nothing obvious on a Google book search. Maybe it's a protologism. SemperBlotto (talk) 16:26, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Two points, nobody says application any more, it's always abbreviated to app, so much so that some people no longer know what it's short for. Secondly, this is surely SOP, as shown by sources that use the words in a different order e.g. US-based taxi application Uber is now making their services available in Utrecht.  Even when the words are in this order, it is generally with the more grammatical mobile such as Uber, the widely popular mobile application taxi service, is launching a new ferry service in East Boston and Graeter’s is partnering with the mobile application taxi service Uber Technologies to deliver ice cream to your doorstep. Spinning Spark  17:01, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes - it's the provided by a  . SemperBlotto (talk) 17:05, 15 December 2015 (UTC)

 * And those putative cites would be SOP. RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 08:24, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:application taxi service


text:
Talk:bíonn cluasa ar na claíocha

RFV discussion: December 2015–February 2016
Irish by Embryomystic. Attested? The page references http://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/cluas but I don't find the phrase there. --Dan Polansky (talk) 14:27, 21 December 2015 (UTC)
 * But it has "Bíonn ~a ar na claíocha, ar an gcoill" --Dan Polansky (talk) 14:29, 21 December 2015 (UTC)

bíonn cluasa ar an gcoill
Irish by Embryomystic. Attested? The page references http://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/cluas but I don't find the phrase there. --Dan Polansky (talk) 14:28, 21 December 2015 (UTC)
 * But it has "Bíonn ~a ar na claíocha, ar an gcoill". --Dan Polansky (talk) 14:30, 21 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Yeah, "Bíonn ~a ar na claíocha, ar an gcoill" counts as a mention, but not a use, of the phrase. It might be difficult to find a use online since CFI-compliant Irish on the Internet tends to be formal and bureaucratic (newspapers and government documents). —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 14:34, 21 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Oh, I spoke too soon. Here's a newspaper article using the "ar na claíocha" variant. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 14:36, 21 December 2015 (UTC)

 * I'm going to interpret the dictionary listing as a sufficient mention for an LDL. RFV passed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 08:14, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:bíonn cluasa ar na claíocha


text:
Talk:set phasers to

RFV discussion: February 2016
I've only ever heard "set phasers to stun". Definition looks wrong. SemperBlotto (talk) 15:33, 16 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Can also be "set phasers to kill". Definition makes no sense.  "Alternative form" is just a possible but so far uncited misspelling.  Would suggest splitting into two entries, one for "stun" and one for "kill".  Meaning may be a bit harder to establish.  First thought is, prepare to astonish (someone) or (usually metaphorically) use non-lethal force for "stun", and prepare to destroy or use maximum force for "kill".  P Aculeius (talk) 18:19, 16 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Just fix the definition. It’s an unusual construction so I was not sure how to define it, but it’s clearly used., -- Romanophile  ♞ (contributions) 19:07, 16 February 2016 (UTC)

 * I agree with Romanophile - When one excludes the Star Trek books, what is left is a wide range of values, such as [| Set phasers to spoof], [| set phasers to none], [| set phasers to bless], [| set phasers to BURN SHIT DOWN]. I will take a crack at redoing the definition. Kiwima (talk) 21:42, 16 February 2016 (UTC)

 * OK, I agree it now looks fine. I'll set phasers to strike. SemperBlotto (talk) 07:46, 17 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:set phasers to


text:
Talk:𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌷𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃

RFV discussion: February 2016
It's quite reasonable to assume this must have existed, since there are cognates throughout the Germanic languages, but is it actually attested? I'm no expert, but my impression is that the noun from which this is derived is only known from being part of a name or two, and the adjective isn't attested at all. Gothic Wikipedia has it, but most of the words there are made up. Chuck Entz (talk) 00:42, 14 February 2016 (UTC)
 * It doesn't appear at Bible, Gothic, Ulfila, which I believe contains the entire attested Gothic corpus. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 06:27, 14 February 2016 (UTC)
 * And that page was used to create romanized entries for all attested Gothic terms. Since this word has none of its inflected forms bluelinked, it's not attested. I've deleted it on sight. —CodeCat 16:26, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌷𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃


text:
Talk:dulcamara

RFV discussion: September 2015–February 2016
Latin adjective meaning "bittersweet". Neither in Lewis & Short nor in Gaffiot. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 19:35, 18 September 2015 (UTC)

 * I get the impression that this is a specific epithet only, and doesn't actually occur in Latin. Can you confirm or contradict this, DCDuring and/or Chuck Entz? — I.S.M.E.T.A. 20:14, 18 September 2015 (UTC)

 * I don't have my Late Latin wordlist with me and won't have access to any print reference I own until Wednesday. I do know that Dulcamara is an obsolete genus name synonymized with Solanum (per WSp) and that it is now proposed as a section of Solanum (per WP).
 * Note also that dulcamara is plausible as an adjective as WSp has Agaricus dulcamarus. But in its application to Solanum dulcamara, it does not agree with Solanum (neuter). DCDuring TALK 00:34, 19 September 2015 (UTC)

 * If you look at the relevant page in Species Plantarum, you'll see that it cites references that predate Linnaean nomenclature, including this from 1623 (see XII). It looks like dulcamara was a name for the plant in some pre-Linnaean works, and Linnaeus used it as a noun, in apposition, rather than as an adjective. I was able to find a discussion in Latin of the masculine form dulcamarus here, but I don't know if I want to take the time to translate it to see if it's relevant. Chuck Entz (talk) 01:45, 19 September 2015 (UTC)

Thanks, guys. I managed to track down on page 442/1 of Louis-Marie Quicherat’s and Amédée Gaston Daveluy’s Dictionnaire Latin-Français: Nouvelle édition, revisée, corrigée et augmentée par Émile Chatelain (42nd ed., 1899). It cites T. Maccius Plautus’s Cistellaria (1.1.71), Pseudolus (2.4.1), and Truculentus (2.5.35), which make three uses from the Old Latin period. Given the New Latin usage, I think it’s safe to give the adjective a Latin (la) entry. Re, can we assume that was originally a generic name substantivised from the adjective (perhaps in elliptical use for , “bittersweet plant”), which was then used, instead of the adjective , as a noun in apposition in  by Linnaeus (per Chuck’s analysis)? — I.S.M.E.T.A. 08:44, 19 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Judging from use in Spanish and Italian, we can't rule out dulcamara being a vernacular name in many vintages of Latin, including Vulgar Latin. The combination in a plant of bitterness and sweetness" seems to be an easy-to-observe phenomenon. Combined with the presence of the term in modern Romance languages make it is hard for me to believe that the term dulcamara or something very similar wasn't used to refer to one or more types of plants among Latin speakers. DCDuring TALK 12:59, 19 September 2015 (UTC)

 * I would hesitate to use the term "generic name", which is a very Linnaean concept. It's true that Bauhin sometimes used binomials of a sort, but in this case it looks like simply a name for the species, and not one he made up himself. Chuck Entz (talk) 15:34, 19 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Well, with regard to the Italian, none of these three sources:
 * “dulcamàra” in Ottorino Pianigiani’s Vocabolario Etimologico della Lingua Italiana (1907–1926)
 * “dulcamara” in Il Sabatini Coletti: Dizionario della Lingua Italiana (© 2011)
 * “dulcamara” in Vocabolario Treccani on line
 * cites a preformed Latin etymon like . Il Sabatini Coletti’s entry includes the text “a. 1828”, which abbreviation may expand to “ 1828” — a date of first attestation? That would certainly be consistent with the fact that ’s second sense (“charlatan doctor”, “quack”) derives, according to Vocabolario Treccani, from the character “Dr Dulcamara” in the 1832 opera L’Elisir d’Amore. I don’t know any etymological resources for Spanish, so I can’t comment on the Spanish . Could Wonderfool help with this? He seems to contribute a lot of Spanish content.
 * Please forgive my anachronistic interpretation.
 * — I.S.M.E.T.A. 02:08, 20 September 2015 (UTC)

 * WF doesn't do much etymology- it would lower the all-important edit count. As for Spanish sources, the most authoritative (and usually the most complete) one is the DRAE. Chuck Entz (talk) 06:39, 20 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Bookmarked; thanks. I wish we had a date of first attestation for the Spanish . Since the Diccionario de la lengua española cites the preformed Latin, I'll see if I can find some feminine nominal uses. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 12:07, 20 September 2015 (UTC)

 * This use:
 * 1784, Johann Gottfried Otto, Dissertatio de usu medico dulcamarae, main title
 * looks nominal to me. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 13:00, 20 September 2015 (UTC)

 * So is this an adjective, a noun, both, or neither? - -sche (discuss) 17:46, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

 * AFAICT, it's both an adjective form (of ) and a noun. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 01:42, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV-passed, then; add a noun section at your leisure. - -sche (discuss) 10:17, 19 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Done. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 15:08, 19 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:dulcamara


text:
Talk:scum

RFV discussion: December 2015–February 2016
Rfv-sense "police officer(s)". The cites would have to unambiguous in showing that the police officers in question weren't just being called reprehensible people. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 23:52, 11 December 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm pretty sure I have heard this usage on TV and in films. It would be very time-consuming to search for quotes, so I'm going to carry on building the dictionary instead. Feel free to remove the definition. SemperBlotto (talk) 08:32, 12 December 2015 (UTC)
 * It is a specific case of #5 in any event, as it's never use in a neutral or positive tone. I tend to feel this does exist but if cited I feel it might be redundant anyway. Renard Migrant (talk) 13:05, 12 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Sure, but is it used in such a way that the listener knows it's the police that are being referred to that way, and not someone else the speaker dislikes? The term can mean any dirty and/or gluttonous person, but when someone says "Here come the pigs" it's clear they mean the police and not just anyone dirty and/or gluttonous. But if I were watching a TV crime show and a criminal said "Here comes the scum", I would simply interpret that as "Here comes someone I detest" and not necessarily the police. But if there are English speakers who would know right away that the police specifically are meant, then it should get a separate listing. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 14:06, 12 December 2015 (UTC)
 * In the UK, the filth is common amongst the criminal classes to mean the police. I've never heard scum used in this way, although I daresay the police have been called that at times. Spinning Spark  16:40, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * No evidence has been found. RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 08:29, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:scum


text:
Talk:vicissity

RFV discussion: February 2016
Zero hits for "a vicissity" even on Google Web. Equinox ◑ 03:12, 4 February 2016 (UTC)

 * The only cites I can find in the singular are in word lists, but the plural is more common:
 * Kiwima (talk) 04:20, 4 February 2016 (UTC)
 * These look like misspellings of "vicissitudes". does not find "vicissities" at all. Either fail this RFV or take this to RFD to have it deleted there. --Dan Polansky (talk) 13:35, 6 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Google Books finds vicissity in 4 English language books, but doesn't show the actual text. This means that the copyright terms are too restrictive, and don't allow google to show the corresponding pages. But the word in actually there. Yurivict (talk) 08:57, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Even if the word/spelling is there, it can be a misspelling, and we exclude rare misspellings per WT:CFI. --Dan Polansky (talk) 10:23, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * My gut reaction would have the same as yours, to view it as an error for vicissitudes, except that vicissit-ies /iz/ and vicissit-udes /udz/ would be pronounced differently. It might be a misconstruction (a category would include eggcorns, and which I'm not entirely sure of our approach towards); then again, it might just be a normal though rare construction with -ity rather than -itude. A 1950 edition of Anglia (volumes 69-70, page 258), although it only mentions the word, treats it as a real word: it is commenting on vowels, and says "2) that [ai] is the only modern form in digest, 3) that [ai] is the main form besides which [i] in digress, dilute, diluvian, diversion, diversity, divert, divest, divulge, 4) and that [ai] is a subsidiary form at least besides [i] in didactic, dimension, fidelity, vicissitude, vicissity." - -sche (discuss) 18:35, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Google Books finds vicissity in 4 English language books, but doesn't show the actual text. This means that the copyright terms are too restrictive, and don't allow google to show the corresponding pages. But the word in actually there. Yurivict (talk) 08:57, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Even if the word/spelling is there, it can be a misspelling, and we exclude rare misspellings per WT:CFI. --Dan Polansky (talk) 10:23, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * My gut reaction would have the same as yours, to view it as an error for vicissitudes, except that vicissit-ies /iz/ and vicissit-udes /udz/ would be pronounced differently. It might be a misconstruction (a category would include eggcorns, and which I'm not entirely sure of our approach towards); then again, it might just be a normal though rare construction with -ity rather than -itude. A 1950 edition of Anglia (volumes 69-70, page 258), although it only mentions the word, treats it as a real word: it is commenting on vowels, and says "2) that [ai] is the only modern form in digest, 3) that [ai] is the main form besides which [i] in digress, dilute, diluvian, diversion, diversity, divert, divest, divulge, 4) and that [ai] is a subsidiary form at least besides [i] in didactic, dimension, fidelity, vicissitude, vicissity." - -sche (discuss) 18:35, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

Nathan Bailey's 1736 Dictionarium Britannicum: Or a More Compleat Universal Etymological English Dictionary has Benjamin Martin's 1749 Lingua Britannica Reformata: Or, a New English Dictionary has and according to Google's cached revision of findwords.info, it's in the OED (can anyone confirm?) as This suggests that the -ity form has been used by some people intentionally (rather than erroneously, as a mispelling), though it is rare and largely obsolete and we may need to tweak our definition. - -sche (discuss) 18:46, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Vicissitude [F. vicissitudine, It. of vicissitudo, L.] the succeeding of one thing after another, &c.
 * Vicissity [vicissitas, L.] a changing or succeeding by course, an interchangeable course.
 * Vicissitude (of vicissitudo, L. of vicis change) change, turn, or revolution.
 * Vicissity (o vicissitas, L. of vicis change) a changing, or succeeding by course.
 * vicissity viˈcissity Obs.— [ad. L. vicissitas (rare) change, alteration.] (See quot.) 1721 Bailey, Vicissity, a changing or succeeding by Course; an interchangeable Course.

 * I can confirm it’s in the OED, as

 * † viˈcissity, n. Etymology: < Latin vicissitas (rare) change, alteration. Obs.—0 (See quot. 1721.) 1721   N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict.   Vicissity, a changing or succeeding by Course; an interchangeable Course. Vorziblix (talk) 19:19, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

Antonio Vieyra's 1773 Dictionary of the Portuguese and English Languages uses "vicissitude, vicissity, a changing" to gloss Portuguese "vicissitude, s. f." I am not sure if we allow that as a use of "vicissity" or not. I think we allowed a word used in a monolingual dictionary's longer definition at least once before (I'm trying to find it, but it was along the lines of: we allowed "foobar, n.: an animal with four legs and a barfoo" as a citation of "barfoo"). - -sche (discuss) 19:05, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * The second etymology of flower was cited in a similar way, but in the citations for flower, the word flower was used as part of a longer phrase like fast flower or swift flower used to define a foreign word (like your foobar example). In contrast, here vicissity seems to be used as a one-word gloss of a foreign word. I'm inclined to accept the Vieyra citation, but I think it's not as clear-cut as the citations for flower. —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 19:27, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Aha; I had forgotten about that one. I agree that Vieyra, with his string of three one-word glosses, is not as obviously acceptable. - -sche (discuss) 19:50, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

 * By searching with "f" (scanno for long s) instead of "s", I've found two more old citations, including one that uses the singular (which, unfortunately, is the one where the meaning is least clear) . - -sche (discuss) 19:20, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Actually, this citation:
 * 1813, Matthew Gregory Lewis, The Anaconda: An East Indian tale, page 69:
 * Without heeding him, I managed to lift him upon my ſhoulders, and tottering beneath his weight I endeavoured to effect our eſcape from the dangerous viciſſity of the pavilion.
 * although viciſſity is clearly the word printed on the page, looks like an error for vicinity, and that word is indeed the one used in later editions of the same text. However, the 1763 I added still stands. - -sche (discuss) 19:50, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

There's also: - -sche (discuss) 19:57, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * 1906 June, Clark E. Hetherington, Neglected Factors in the Production of Nervous Diseases, in Cleveland Medical and Surgical Reporter, volume 14, number 6, page 234:
 * The individuality of the child is lost sight of and it is left to the only resource that it has, namely development. Besides the vicissities of the purely vegetative life, the delicate nervous system is immediately subjected to all the harsh impressions of an unnatural environment.

 * RFV-passed, IMO. - -sche (discuss) 19:47, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:vicissity


text:
Talk:bíonn cluasa ar an gcoill

RFV discussion: December 2015–February 2016

 * See Talk:bíonn cluasa ar na claíocha.

title: Talk:bíonn cluasa ar an gcoill


text:
Talk:atsterten

RFV
Moved due to an RFV; see Talk:atstert. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 21:49, 20 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:atsterten


text: vituperabilem

title: vituperabilem


text:
njadzã

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1) among, in the middle of

Noun

 * 1)  middle, midpoint

title: njadzã


text: vituperabilibus

title: vituperabilibus


text:
поместиться

Verb

 * 1) to fit
 * 2) to stay, to take a seat
 * : to be housed, to be published

title: поместиться


text:
Talk:поместиться

Can you check the definitions? Benwing2 (talk) 21:59, 20 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Checked.--Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 22:30, 20 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:поместиться


text: nøkkelkortet

title: nøkkelkortet


text:
firidă

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) niche, recess (in a wall), alcove

title: firidă


text: vituperabilium

title: vituperabilium


text: vituperabilia

title: vituperabilia


text: vituperabiles

title: vituperabiles


text:
проявиться

Verb

 * : to show oneself, to reveal oneself
 * : to be shown, to be revealed; to be developed

title: проявиться


text:
nișă

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) niche

title: nișă


text:
составляющая

Etymology
Substantivized feminine of, present active participle of.

Noun

 * 1) component, constituent

title: составляющая


text:
первое

Etymology
Substantivized neuter of.

Noun

 * 1) the first thing
 * : starter first course of a meal
 * 1) the first (in dates)
 * 1) the first (in dates)

title: первое


text:
Pantodonta

Etymology
From +.

Hypernyms

 * ; - subclass;  - infraclass;  - magnorder;  - superorder; † - order

title: Pantodonta


text: bespeakest

title: bespeakest


text:
Category:de-adj lacking superlative

__HIDDENCAT__

title: Category:de-adj lacking superlative


text:
показательный

Adjective

 * 1) significant, revealing, indicative
 * 2)  demonstration
 * 3)  model
 * 4)  exponential
 * 1)  exponential

title: показательный


text:
показательный суд

Noun

 * 1) show trial

title: показательный суд


text:
ᬧᬢ᭄ᬧᬢ᭄

Etymology
Reduplication of, from.

Numeral

 * 1) four

title: ᬧᬢ᭄ᬧᬢ᭄


text:
ᬦᬶᬃᬛᬭ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  pond

title: ᬦᬶᬃᬛᬭ


text: Category:Balinese formal terms

title: Category:Balinese formal terms


text: Category:Balinese terms derived from Sanskrit


text: Category:Balinese terms derived from Indo-Aryan languages


text:
смешанный

Adjective

 * 1) mixed, hybrid
 * 2) composite
 * 3) miscellaneous

title: смешанный


text: bhagavā

title: bhagavā


text:
ᬓᬧᬮ᭄

Etymology
Borrowed, from.

Noun

 * 1) ship

title: ᬓᬧᬮ᭄


text:
населённый

Adjective

 * 1) highly populated

title: населённый


text: Category:Balinese borrowed terms

title: Category:Balinese borrowed terms


text: Category:Balinese terms derived from Tamil


text: Category:Balinese terms derived from Dravidian languages


text:
ᬧᬦᬓ᭄

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) child a female or male child, a daughter or son

title: ᬧᬦᬓ᭄


text:
ᬧᬓ᭄ᬭᬫᬦ᭄

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) membership

title: ᬧᬓ᭄ᬭᬫᬦ᭄


text: Template:ru-adj-alt-ё

title: Template:ru-adj-alt-ё


text:
ᬢᬫ᭄ᬩ᭄ᬮᬂ

Proper noun

 * 1) Tamblang, a village in Bali

title: ᬢᬫ᭄ᬩ᭄ᬮᬂ


text: nøkkelkorta

title: nøkkelkorta


text:
Template:ru-adj-alt-ё/documentation

This template creates a headword line and definition for alternative spellings of adjectives that use е in place of ё.

Parameters

 * 1
 * Dictionary spelling of adjective, including ё. Required.

 * tr
 * Override the default transliteration. Optional.

title: Template:ru-adj-alt-ё/documentation


text: incasê

title: incasê


text: населенный

title: населенный


text: Template:ru-verb-alt-ё

title: Template:ru-verb-alt-ё


text:
Template:ru-verb-alt-ё/documentation

This template creates a headword line and definition for alternative spellings of verbs that use е in place of ё.

Parameters

 * 1
 * Dictionary spelling of verb, including ё. Required.

 * 2
 * "Gender" spec for verb (see ). Should be one of,  ,   or  . Required.

 * tr
 * Override the default transliteration. Optional.

title: Template:ru-verb-alt-ё/documentation


text:
interpretatio romana

Etymology
From +, feminine form of.

Noun

 * 1)  The tendency of ancient Roman writers to equate foreign deities with members of their own pantheon.

title: interpretatio romana


text: nøkkelkortene

title: nøkkelkortene


text:
samaya

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) agreement, promise
 * 2) meeting
 * 3) time, season
 * 4) convention, law, practice, doctrine

Noun

 * 1) time, occasion

Etymology
, from. See also.

Noun

 * 1) accomplice in intrigue

title: samaya


text:
Lake Kinneret

Proper noun

 * 1) The Sea of Galilee.

title: Lake Kinneret


text: Template:ru-pos-alt-ё

title: Template:ru-pos-alt-ё


text:
jegenode

Etymology
From, from , literally "the land which lies opposed to the observer". Originally a loan translation of Old 🇨🇬, from.

Cognate to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  region
 * De jegenode heette aanvankelijk Zoutschore (...). Rond 1100 wordt de jegenode, samen met de omgeving, ingedijkt door de Evendijk.
 * The region was initially called Zoutschore (...). Around 1100 the region and its surroundings were protected by the dyke Evendijk.
 * De hoevebenaming (...) dateert van 1981 en verwijst naar de naam van de Middeleeuwse jegenode.
 * The name of the farm dates from 1981 and refers to the name of the medieval region.
 * Drie niet zo gekende toponiemen (...) zijn hier wel het vermelden waard, omwille van hun historische betekenis. Het zijn de Sint-Joorisdoelen, de Banniereweide en de Tempeliersdreef, precies alle drie samen in eenzelfde jegenode in Leffinge gelegen.
 * The three less well-known toponyms are noteworthy because of their historic significance. These are the Sint-Jorisdoelen, the Banniereweide and the Tempeliersdreef, which are all three lying in the same region of Leffinge.
 * Deze jegenode word al vermeld in 1388, maar steeds onder de dubbele benaming Hille en Straet.
 * This region is already mentioned in 1388, but under the double name Hille and Straet.

title: jegenode


text:
Kinneret

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1) The Sea of Galilee.
 * 2)  A Bronze and Iron Age city situated on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee, mentioned in the Bible.

title: Kinneret


text:
interpretatio germanica

Etymology
From +, feminine form of.

Noun

 * 1)  The tendency of Germanic peoples to equate foreign deities with members of their own pantheon. Many English names for weekdays are Germanic interpretations: for example, Thursday (Thor's day) is an interpretation of Latin dies Iovis (Jupiter's day).

title: interpretatio germanica


text: Kinnereth

title: Kinnereth


text: Kineret

title: Kineret


text:
ᦌᦱᧈᦝᦱᧉ

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  sofa

title: ᦌᦱᧈᦝᦱᧉ


text: Kinereth

title: Kinereth


text: Lake Kinnereth

title: Lake Kinnereth


text: Lake Kineret

title: Lake Kineret


text: Lake Kinereth

title: Lake Kinereth


text:
Template:ru-pos-alt-ё/documentation

This template creates a headword line and definition for alternative spellings of terms that use е in place of ё, other than nouns, verbs and adjectives.

Parameters

 * 1
 * Dictionary spelling of term, including ё. Required.

 * 2
 * Part of speech. Required.

 * g, g2, ...
 * Gender. Optional.

 * tr
 * Override the default transliteration. Optional.

You should not use this for nouns, verbs or adjectives; instead, use the specialized templates listed below.

title: Template:ru-pos-alt-ё/documentation


text:
ur-race

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A primitive, primordial, or original race; a proto-race

title: ur-race


text: ur-races

title: ur-races


text: Ur-race

title: Ur-race


text: Category:German masculine nouns

title: Category:German masculine nouns


text: Category:German feminine nouns

title: Category:German feminine nouns


text:
Category:German neuter nouns

de:Kategorie:Substantiv n (Deutsch) zh:Category:德語中性名詞

title: Category:German neuter nouns


text:
ᦈᦸᧉᦑᧄ

Etymology
+

Noun

 * 1) coffee table

title: ᦈᦸᧉᦑᧄ


text:
innebygget

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) built-in

title: innebygget


text: incasâ

title: incasâ


text: फ़िलीपीन्स

title: फ़िलीपीन्स


text:
proto-race

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A primal or primordial race; an ur-race

title: proto-race


text: proto-races

title: proto-races


text: 寄养

title: 寄养


text:
寄養

Verb

 * 1) to place in the care of someone a child, animal, etc.; to foster; to place in foster care

title: 寄養


text: jìyǎng

title: jìyǎng


text:
глубинный

Adjective

 * 1) deep
 * 2)  deep-water
 * 3)  remote
 * 4)  underlying
 * 5)  implicit, hidden
 * 1)  implicit, hidden

title: глубинный


text:
proto-racial

Etymology 1
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to early or formative racial ideas or ideology

Etymology 2
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to a proto-race

title: proto-racial


text:
Talk:глубинный

Are meanings 4 and 5 correct, and is there an additional meaning "profound"? Benwing2 (talk) 23:24, 20 February 2016 (UTC)
 * They are alright but it's a bit too much detail, IMO. For "profound" we just use "глубокий", including the figurative sense. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 00:09, 21 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:глубинный


text: innebyggede

title: innebyggede


text: 员工福利

title: 员工福利


text:
員工福利

Noun

 * 1) employee benefit
 * 2) fringe benefit

title: 員工福利


text: yuángōng fúlì

title: yuángōng fúlì


text:
rabî

Etymology
From the, from.

title: rabî


text: innebyggete

title: innebyggete


text: arliê

title: arliê


text:
aidoida

Verb

 * 1) to enclose, to fence off
 * 2) to obstruct

title: aidoida


text:
боорцог

Etymology
Found in multiple Turkic languages, compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, perhaps from.

Compare also 🇨🇬.

Pronunciation

Noun

 * 1) doughnut, fritter fried sweet piece of dough
 * 2)  cake, equivalent to 蛋糕

Usage notes

 * боорцог is usually smaller than a prototypical doughnut, features filling less often and may come in various shapes.

title: боорцог


text:
demetaphorize

Verb

 * 1)  To remove metaphors from.

title: demetaphorize


text:
segoida

Verb

 * 1) to get lost, to lose one's way
 * 2) to get tangled

title: segoida


text:
eglai

Etymology
Related to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1) yesterday

title: eglai


text:
श्रेष्ठ

Etymology
..

Adjective

 * 1) excellent, high-quality, best

Adjective

 * 1) excellent, first-class

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Adjective
(metrical Vedic śráyiṣṭha)

 * 1) most beautiful, most splendid
 * 2) best, chief, most excellent
 * 1) best, chief, most excellent

title: श्रेष्ठ


text:
принудительные работы

Noun

 * 1) forced labor

title: принудительные работы


text:
remetaphorize

Verb

 * 1) To change metaphors in a description.

title: remetaphorize


text:
принудительный

Adjective

 * 1) forced, coercive
 * 2)  forced by mechanical means
 * 1)  forced by mechanical means
 * 1)  forced by mechanical means

title: принудительный


text:
homen

Noun

 * 1) big cat of any variety, tiger, leopard, panther
 * 2) wild animal

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) tomorrow

Noun

 * 1) tomorrow

title: homen


text:
strømførende

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) live

title: strømførende


text: demetaphorizes

title: demetaphorizes


text: demetaphorizing

title: demetaphorizing


text: demetaphorized

title: demetaphorized


text: remetaphorized

title: remetaphorized


text: remetaphorizes

title: remetaphorizes


text: remetaphorizing

title: remetaphorizing


text:
sekoida

Verb

 * 1) to ponder, to think over, to reflect
 * 2) to discuss

title: sekoida


text:
принудить

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to force, to compel, to coerce

Usage notes

 * The form принуди́ть with ending stress is common but considered substandard.

title: принудить


text:
čukoida

Verb

 * 1) to kiss

title: čukoida


text:
noroida

Etymology
From the noun nor.

Verb

 * 1) to tie with rope

title: noroida


text:
vesoida

Etymology
Borrowing from Russian вешать (vešat').

Verb

 * 1) to weigh determine the weight of

title: vesoida


text:
принуждать

Verb

 * 1) to force, to compel, to coerce

title: принуждать


text: rabìda

title: rabìda


text: lotoida

title: lotoida


text:
Talk:принудительный

Is defn #2 correct? Benwing2 (talk) 23:50, 20 February 2016 (UTC)
 * No, "обязательный" is used for those. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 00:11, 21 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks. These are cases where Google Translate reports these meanings but I can't find them in the dictionary; evidently Google Translate gets things wrong sometimes. Benwing2 (talk) 01:08, 21 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:принудительный


text: rabìdi

title: rabìdi


text:
mugoita

Verb

 * 1) to imitate, to mimic

title: mugoita


text:
aznoita

Verb

 * 1) to avenge, to take revenge

title: aznoita


text: rocketmen

title: rocketmen


text:
lakuita

Verb

 * 1) to lacquer

title: lakuita


text:
yummak

Etymology
From, from.

Compare 🇨🇬, (🇨🇬) and 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬).

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to close; shut (one's eyes or mouth) tightly; to clench, double (one's fist)

title: yummak


text:
कंजूस

Etymology
Of hi origin. McGregor tentatively postulates a combination of 🇰🇲, lit. "ear-sucked"; compare for a similar formation.

Adjective

 * 1) miserly, stingy

title: कंजूस


text:
कंजूसी

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) miserliness, stinginess

title: कंजूसी


text: kudžita

title: kudžita


text:
कृपणता

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) stinginess

title: कृपणता


text:
grandy

Noun

 * 1)  A grandparent: either a grandfather or a grandmother.

title: grandy


text:
कृपण

Adjective

 * 1) miserly, stingy

title: कृपण


text:
नौजवान

Etymology
, from +. ; see and  for the inherited doublets of each component.

Noun

 * 1) youth, young man

Adjective

 * 1) young
 * 2) youthful
 * 3) in one's prime

title: नौजवान


text:
недоедание

Noun

 * 1) malnutrition

title: недоедание


text:
-ание

Suffix

 * 1) -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs; added especially to verbs ending in

Usage notes

 * The stress is usually not drawn onto the suffix, unlike for (but note  → ).

title: -ание


text:
lensgloed

Noun

 * 1) lens flare

title: lensgloed


text: starshinas

title: starshinas


text:
albizzia

Etymology
From the commonly used, but invalid taxonomic name Albizzia, a correction of  to match Filippo degli 's name. Such corrections, however, are not allowed by the taxonomic rules.

Noun

 * 1) Any of a number of trees and shrubs considered either now or formerly to belong to the genus.

title: albizzia


text: albizzias

title: albizzias


text:
ᦐᧂᦉᦹᦘᦲᧄ

Etymology
From. Same as 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) newspaper.

title: ᦐᧂᦉᦹᦘᦲᧄ


text:
controniem

Etymology
Probably borrowed. .

Noun

 * 1) contronym

title: controniem


text:
प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद

Noun

 * 1)  the chain of causation

title: प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद


text: Phi-líp-pin

title: Phi-líp-pin


text:
Mễ Tây Cơ

Usage notes
This term is obsolete in Vietnam but still somewhat common in the United States.

title: Mễ Tây Cơ


text:
A Phú Hãn

Etymology
, from.

title: A Phú Hãn


text:
Áo Địa Lợi

Etymology
.

title: Áo Địa Lợi


text:
Biên Xích

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Belgium

title: Biên Xích


text:
Bảo Gia Lợi

Etymology
, which is a contracted form of.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Bulgaria

title: Bảo Gia Lợi


text:
Quy Ba

Proper noun

 * 1)  A vassal state of the Đông Châu dynasty
 * 1)  A vassal state of the Đông Châu dynasty
 * 1)  A vassal state of the Đông Châu dynasty

title: Quy Ba


text:
An Lê Mân

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Germany

title: An Lê Mân


text:
I Rắc

Proper noun

 * 1) Iraq

title: I Rắc


text:
-чь

Etymology
, from earlier.

title: -чь


text:
Ai Lao

Etymology
.

Always originally designated a state in Yunnan and Burma, which likely had no connection to Laos, it came to refer to the kingdom(s) of Lao people through.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Ailao, an ancient state in modern-day Yunnan province (of China) and Burma
 * 2)  Laos

title: Ai Lao


text: Lục Xâm Bảo

title: Lục Xâm Bảo